Major Bibliographical References Previous documentation on file (NPS) Primary location of additional data - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR X State Historic Preservation Office 67) has been requested - Other State agency - previously listed in the National Register - Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National - Local government LI University - designated a National Historic Landmark - Other X recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # HABS OH-2108 & HABS OH-2109 - recorded by Historic American Engineering Record 1826-1933 ENGINEERING Register Bibliography TRANSPORTATION EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT Property is: religious purposes.
Criteria Considerations Cultural Affiliation Significant Dates Name of repository: (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number & Page 5 Blaine Hill"S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH 8. Statement of Significance The Blaine Hill"S" Bridge, one of the stone bridges built on the National Road in Ohio, facilitated the travelers on this route for over a century. Built in 1826, the Blaine Bridge is a masterful example of the prevailing technology of arched stone bridges using local materials tailored to the needs of the crossing.
It is historically significant under Criterion A, as a segment of the National Road, and under Criterion C, as an example of bridge-building on the frontier. included provisions for constructing roads in the new state of Ohio and connecting Ohio to the eastern states. After some debate about the location of the road's starting point, Cumberland, Maryland, was selected. Cumberland, because it had also been the starting point of earlier trail- blazing and road-building efforts, won out over Washington, D.C., Richmond, Virginia, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1806, Congress passed the "Act to Regulate the Laying Out and Making a Road from Cumberland, in the State of Maryland, to the State of Ohio". Three road commissioners were appointed to be possible approaches were identified.
Steubenville and Wellsburg (then called Charlestown) vied for the honor, but Wheeling, which had been the Ohio River's primary crossing point as well as the Road to Wheeling was completed in 1818. In 1824, the extension of the National Road westward into Ohio began when President James Clairsville. Engineers from the nation's War Department directed the construction of the road. After the experience of the roads on Pennsylvania and the maintenance problems generated by roads paved with gravel, the engineers decided to use the method advocated by John L. McAdam, a Scot. The McAdam method layers of broken stone which because of its angularity would not shift into deep 1 Schneider, 6. 12 Schneider, 6-7. 13 Schneider, 9-10 14 Schneider, 11.
starting point of Zane's Trace, was selected.12 With construction beginning in 1811, the National In 1802, the United States Congress passed an act allowing Ohio's statehood in 1803. This act The National Road settlement of Ohio by providing the safe crossing of a small but difficult waterway, and served impartial deciders of the best route for the new road to take." For the road's entry to Ohio, eight The following year, after surveys and planning, a ground-breaking ceremony was held in St. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Bridge-building in the early Nineteenth Century Stone arch bridges were often used in the 1820s and 1830s on the turnpikes, canals, and railroads that were being developed.
At this time, patents were also being issued for various wooden trusses 1700s, Thomas Paine, the American patriot, had designed a cast iron bridge and patented it in England. For permanence and reliability, however, especially in the frontier environment, the builders of the National Road quarried local stone and built arched bridges. The design of the Blaine Bridge followed the traditional building method seen in the earlier stone bridges on the National Road. When rivers or streams in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and (West) the arches of the Blaine Bridge, but the two bridges share several characteristics. The stones of the Bridge (Figure 4).
In addition to the rounded piers, projecting stringcourse, and parapet walls similar of the Youghiogheny Lake at the former site of the old pike town."7 The three-arch stone bridge built at Elm Grove, near Wheeling, in 1817 is another example (Figure layer of stucco over the stone structure and a widened deck to allow additional lanes of traffic. 17 Raitz, 135. surface. Section number 8 Page 6 bridge known as"Big Crossings"was a triple-span stone arch bridge that crossed the Youghiogheny According to Thomas B. Searight, the Casselman River Bridge was known as"Little Crossings.A walls are topped with flat stones that parallel the stringcourse and also project slightly from the wall walls and spandrels are set in a random ashlar pattern.The arch is edged with voussoirs and a used in covered bridges, and the earliest suspension bridges had been erected in Europe. In the late typical choice.
For example, a large one-arch stone bridge was built over the Casselman River at type in the United States when it was built.1 The Casselman Bridge's arch is longer and taller than Road (Orange, VA: Green Tree Press, 1971), 36-37, 41. Grantsville, in western Maryland, in 1813 (Figure 2). This 80-foot span was the largest bridge of its to "Little Crossings," its three arches are progressively larger as the bridge slants upward to higher 3). Like the Casselman bridge, its profile is a broad triangle that peaks in the center of the bridge River at Somerfield,Pennsylvania.16Built from 1815 to1818,it has many similarities to the Blaine NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number & Page 7 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Norris F.
Schneider described the construction of bridges in the Ohio portion of the road : On the eastern Ohio section of the road the stonemasons built several S-shaped bridges.According to a folk story, John McCartney, an Irish stonemason, met the English architect, Benjamin H. Latrobe, an McCartney built the S-shaped structure. Another legend relates that the bridges were built to stop runaway horses. The true explanation is less romantic. Either the stonemasons did not have the skill or they did not skew. They built an arch at a right angle with the stream and curved the approaches into it. The resulting shape resembled the letter S. In 2006, Glenn Harper explained that the reason for building 'S' bridges was that it was the 'alternative to the technical-and more expensive-challenge of an oblique, or skewed, masonry arch.
In Ohio, stone bridges appear tohave been built only on the eastern half of the National Road. Going from east to west, the twelve stone bridges are located at: 1. Blaine, crossing Wheeling Creek 2. Lloydsville, crossing a tributary of Wheeling Creek 3. East of Morristown, crossing Barkcamp Creek 4. Middlebourne, crossing Salt Fork Creek 5.East of Cambridge, crossing a branch of Leatherwood Creek 6. Cambridge, crossing Crooked Creek 7. Cassell, crossing Peters Creek 8. New Concord, crossing Fox Run 9. West of Zanesville, crossing a tributary of Timber Run 10. Mount Sterling, crossing Timber Run 11. Gratiot, crossing Valley Run Of these twelve, four are S-bridges. With the exception of the three-arch Blaine bridge, all are single- arch bridges.
Two are listed in the National Register, and nine were evaluated as eligible for the Additional Information section for locations and documentation of these bridges (Figure 7). 19 Schneider, 11-12 center), there are currently twelve stone bridges that were built for the National Road. 12. Near Amsterdam, crossing a tributary of Bowling Green Creek engineer for the government, at an inn one night and solicited the contract for a bridge. Latrobe quickly want to take the time to cut huge sandstone blocks in the helicoidal shape to cross the stream on the The western half of the state is less hilly, and different types of bridges were employed for crossings drew a sketch and handed it to McCartney with the sneering challenge, "Build that if you can." And in that region.
Between Bridgeport (on the eastern border of Ohio) and Columbus (near the state's 20Glenn Harper,"The National Road:Helping Build America,"Timeline 23/4(October-December 2006):8. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number & Page 8 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Building the National Road in Belmont County The National Road in Ohio was built in sections starting on the eastern side of the state in Belmont first three sections of the road, those through the thirty miles of Belmont County, were expected to be October 24, 1825, that he thinks he can complete the first 30 miles "by the first day of September next," which would have been September 1, 1826. Forces beyond his control, however, forced the delay of the road's completion.
The February 10, 1827 edition of the St. Clairsville Gazette carried a portion of the superintendent's report on "the causes assigned which prevented the first three Divisions of the road, extending from Bridgeport to weather, 2) the "novelty of the plan" (the new McAdam method), and 3) an insufficient number of The completion of the road was noted in the July 7, 1827 edition of the St. Clairsville Gazette. An line from the river to Fairview, 30 miles, is paved; that between Fairview and Cambridge is graded but This announcement indicates that the portion of the road that includes the Blaine Bridge was itself. Various sources provide dates of 1826 or 1828. It is reasonable to agree with the authors who say the bridge was completed in 1826. The work "will be divided into small and convenient Sections." St. Clairsville Gazette, August 5, 1826, p. 1. County.
Ground was broken for the project in St. Clairsville, the county seat, on July 4, 1825.21 The not paved.24 workers to find and crush the stone.Mr.Wever's report also stated:"It is nevertheless confidently completed in 1826. Casper W.Wever, the superintendent of the project, said in a report dated a distance of about 53 miles, has been opened for the admission of traveling of every description. The 24 "National Road," St. Clairsville Gazette, July 7, 1827, p. 3. item of local news on page 3 announced under the heading "National Road": We understand that the whole line of the National Road, between Canton (Bridgeport,) and Cambridge, 23 "Mr. Wever's Report," St. Clairsville Gazette, February 10, 1827, p. 3. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number & Page 9 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH construction crew, the technique they were using was traditional and tamiliar. The source of their sandstone may well have taken place in the immediate vicinity of the bridge. Therefore, the problems Travel and New Settlement The purpose of the National Road was to improve travel, increase trade, and facilitate settlement in the western lands. It was an instant success in 1818, according to Norris Schneider : The National Road immediately became a well traveled highway. Stagecoaches carrying passengers meet steamboats which chugged up and down the Ohio River.
From Wheeling, emigrants to the western states also could embark on flatboats down the Ohio or could cross the river by ferry and bump Decline and Resurgence of the National Road As important as the National Road was for overland travel, trade, and settlement in the first half of the canal systems in Ohio created primarily north-south connections between Lake Erie and the Ohio clear winner. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad had been constructed as far as Cumberland, Maryland, by 1842. Blaine Bridge was quarried from Blaine Hill and cut to size at the construction site. His unpublished article titled "The Ohio Bicentennial Bridge At Blaine And Construction Of The National Road" was written in 2006 after numerous visits to the 28 Schneider, 7. 2 Schneider, 28 30 Schneider, 27-28.
After 1830, when the National Road was being completed in Ohio, travel, trade, and immigration D.C.,and other cities.Conestoga wagons loaded with freight rumbled over cobblestones to landings to completion of the road did not apply to bridge-building.While the wet weather could have slowed the increased even more. Norris Schneider quoted from Mrs. Carroll Miller's 1927 article, "The Romance River. The railroad competed directly with the National Road, and within a few decades became the over Zane's Trace or the Ohio state road to new farms.28 generation and at least ninety percent of them came by way of the Pike. nineteenth century, it was eclipsed by canals and railroads in the second half of the century. The NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number & Page 10 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Mississippi River. No longer did the National Road echo with the shouts of drovers, the clatter of six- of a local farmer driving to market with no other vehicle in sight.3 By the 1880s, after decades without maintenance, the National Road was in "deplorable" condition. nineteenth century, however, created the demand for better roads and generated new funding and new uses for the National Road. After years of lobbying from bicyclists and automobile owners, in 1916 Congress passed the first Federal Highway Act, a law funding the repair and construction of roads and establishing the Bureau automobiles, were enjoying smooth new pavement on the route now known as the National Old Trails Road.
Philip D. Jordan described the improvements: The year 1923 was a banner one for the National Road.Its nineteenth-century surface of dirt and Cumberland to Indianapolis....And, with gaps here and there, the road was surfaced to Terre Haute. St. Louis.Its route marked by red, white and blue bands on the wayside posts, the old pike had become a spick-and-span highway in little more than a half century after most folks thought it dead and Renamed the National Old Trails Road, because a twentieth-century Congress had continued it to the Washington pushed through wilderness toward the Forks of the Ohio. It bore no resemblance to the much-traveled highway that foreigh travelers knew in the 1840's. It was even different from the rough- and-tumble roadbed that Congressman Douglas drove over just past the turn of the new century.
Thousands of speed-crazy Americans now drove cars....They whipped along the highway, not at the Caldwell, 82 forgotten. 32 In 1875, the State of Ohio transferred ownership of the National Road to the counties through which it passed. 31 schneider, 28. 33 Jordan, 388. horse teams hitched to Conestoga wagons, or the shrill notes of the stagecoach driver's horn. Instead, Pacific coast, the highway still clung to its memories of the stagecoach and the drover. It still was the bewildering speed of 25 miles an hour that they were cautioned to observe a few years earlier, but at Within ten years the railroads had captured all the cross-country passenger and freight traffic to the The road was filled with ruts and potholes that the local farmers and landowners preferred to tolerate of Public Roads.
Before long, major improvements were made, and the traveling public, many now in Motorists congratulated one another that pavement extended westward, with but a single small gap, to rather than pay to repair.2 The invention and development of bicycles and automobiles in the late NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number & Page 11 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Throughout the first century of the National Road, from its construction, heyday, decline, and Creek and a start up the steep Blaine Hill. The stone bridge was bypassed in 1933, when the new an historical park. best examples could be identified and preserved.
The study provided this summary of the history of stone arch bridges in the United States as: construction was well established. Though our earliest stone arch bridge dates from 1697, and there is construction did not appear until the third decade of the nineteenth century and was limited to major Our most distinctive collection of stone arch bridges are found on the early, eastern trunkline railroads such as the B&O (Thomas Viaduct) and Erie (Starrucca Viaduct) railroads, and intrastate railroads such as the Providence & Boston (Canton Viaduct). These railroad structures are the American equivalent of Roman stone arch aqueducts. The research study defined the following criteria for assessing significance: stone was available. Stone arches were common in the first half of the nineteenth century, and a number of these structures still exist. Council, National Research Council.
October 2005. road in Ohio, the famous S-bridges were built.35 Engineering Significance 35 Parsons Brinckerhoff, 3-48. closed in 1994. Today it is open to pedestrians, and plans are under way to make it the focal point of The immigrants who settled America came from European countries where masonry arch bridge In 2005, three transportation research organizations published a study of historic bridge types that a scattering of early stone arch bridges in the original thirteen colonies, consistent stone arch public work projects such as the canals, turnpikes, railroads and water supply systems. provided a nationwide context that could be used for the evaluation of historic bridges.34 The purpose Early turnpikes such as the National Road had impressive stone arch bridges in Maryland.Along the NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number & Page 12 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH features include the arch ring with keystone, barrel, spandrel wall, parapet, headwalls and abutments/wingwalls. Piers may also be a character-defining feature. was built as part of the National Road. The Blaine Hill "S" Bridge has undergone some changes since it was built 180 years ago. The vault is made of smooth concrete. and rebuilt in 1916. As the National Road (and other roads) were improved in the 1910s, some On the inner side of the north parapet there is a panel bearing the inscription "Rebuilt in 1915." Two Historic American Building Surveys (HABS) of the Blaine Bridge were done "after 1933." Survey numbers HABS OH-2108 and HABS OH-2109 (Figures.
4 and 5) show three photographs of the bridge. The first, labeled "a side elevation of bridge" shows nearly the full length of the bridge from a point northwest of the bridge, facing southeast, with the Blaine Viaduct in the background. The second and third photographs show the mile marker that was attached to the parapet of the bridge, 36 Parsons Brinckerhoff, 3-50 Office have information as to work done on the Blaine Bridge in the 1910s canals.36 Integrity rebuilding consisted only of nominal repairs and paving. Blaine Bridge: within the context of this study if they retain their character-defining features.
Character-defining Many of these stone arch structures possess both engineering and historical significance, the latter for associations with early and important infrastructure projects, such as the turnpikes, railroads and and complex bridge built in the first half of the nineteenth century using stone arch technology and it greatest change has been the re-building of the largest arch after its partial collapse in 1998. The The cement plaque at the center of the bridge's north parapet states that the bridge was built in 1828 sections were paved with concrete and some were paved with brick. The brick paving of the Blaine stone arch bridge near Mount Sterling. Harley J.
McKee's interpretation of it may apply as well to the Observation of the masonry, which is in good condtion, leads one to believe that the so-called 37 E-mail and telephone consultation in February 2009 revealed that neither ODOT nor the Belmont County Engineer's 38 Harley J. McKee, "Original Bridges on the National Road in Eastern Ohio," Ohio History 81 (Spring 1972): 143. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number & Page 13 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH the OHI form for this marker (BEL-2-4), it was moved from the Blaine Bridge "sometime between 1934 and 1974" to the Blaine Viaduct. setting today has become more rural, in comparison to the structures that lined the road in two of the to the Blaine Hill "S" Bridge.
The materials of the bridge, local sandstone, are the same, although concrete was used for the courses of stone, the surface treatments that added texture to the stones, and the two barrel arches that remain. The feeling of being at the bridge remains, especially as one faces west at the road that curves westward travel can be felt. While the bridge is now part of a township road, the Blaine Hill "S" Bridge retains its association with the National Road. Ohio's Bicentennial Bridge As Ohio was planning the celebration of its 200th anniversary of statehood (1803-2003), the Blaine The legislative resolution reads: The Blaine Hill bridge in Belmont county, which was constructed in 1828 as part of the national road recognition of the bridge's long presence in the state and of its role in the state's development as "Wheeling" and "Cumberland" can be discerned in the photographs (Figures.
4 and 5). According to The bridge, however, is in its original location. Its original design is visible and unchanged. The HABS photos of the bridge. The Blaine Viaduct, which opened in 1933, is a major visual "companion" upward around Blaine Hill. With the new viaduct at one's back, the challenge of nineteenth-century Legislature designated the Blaine Hill "S" Bridge as the Ohio State Bicentennial Bridge. This was in and is the oldest bridge in the state, is hereby designated the bicentennial bridge of the state. 39 Ohio Legislature, [§ 5.07.2] § 5.072. State bicentennial bridge. HISTORY: 149 v S 16. Eff 3-15-2002. Hill"S" Bridge was given special recognition as the state's oldest bridge. In 2002, the Ohio NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 2 Page 14 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH 9. Major Bibliographical References Caldwell, J. A. History of Belmont and Jefferson Counties, Ohio, and incidentally historical collections pertaining to border warfare and the early settlement of the adjacent portion of the Ohio Valley. Wheeling: The Historical Publishing Company, 1880. DeLony, Eric. Landmark American Bridges. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1993. Harper, Glenn, and Doug Smith. A Traveler's Guide to The Historic National Road in Ohio: The Road that Helped Build America, An All American Road National Scenic Byway. Columbus, OH: Ohio Historical Society, Inc., 2005. of F. J. Heer, 1901. Jordan, Philip D. The National Road. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1948.
Lowe, Judge J.M. The National Old Trails Road (Revised Edition), The Great Historic Highway of America,a Brief Resume of the Principal Events Connected with the Rebuilding of the Old Cumberland - Now the National Old Trails Road - From Washington and Baltimore to Los Angeles. Kansas City: National Old Trails Road Association, 1925. McKelvey, A. T., ed. Centennial History of Belmont County, Ohio, and representative citizens. Chicago: Biographical Publishing Company, [1903]. Morse, Joseph E, and R. Duff Green, eds. Thomas B. Searight's The Old Pike, an illustrated narrative of The National Road. Orange, VA.: Green Tree Press, 1971. Schneider, Norris F. The National Road, Main Street of America. Columbus: Ohio Historical Society, 1975. Books and Booklets: Hulbert, Archer Butler. The Old National Road, A Chapter of American Expansion. Columbus: Press Raitz, Karl, ed. The National Road.
Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 2 Page 15 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH McKee, Harley J. "Original Bridges on the National Road in Eastern Ohio." Ohio History 81 (Spring 1972): 131-144. Miller, Orloff, Adrienne B. Cowden, Rita Walsh. National Road/U.S. 40 Historic Properties Inventory in Ohio. Cincinnati: Gray & Pape, Inc., 1998. The Ohio Historic Bridge Inventory, Evaluation, and Preservation Plan. Columbus: The Ohio Department of Transportation, 1983. http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Planning/Environment/Cultural Resources/HISTORIC BRIDGE S/Documents/First%20Ohio%20Historic%20Bridge%20Inventory1983.pdf (accessed May 9, 2009) Types, NCHRP Project 25-25, Task 15.
Prepared for the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Council, National Research Council, October 2005. http://www.trb.org/NotesDocs/25-25(15) FR.pdf (accessed May 9, 2009) Reports: Articles: Parsons Brinckerhoff and Engineering and Industrial Heritage.A Context for Common Historic Bridge 2006): 2-17. Harper, Glenn."The National Road, Helping Build America." Timeline, 23/4(October-December "Renovating a famous bridge from the inside out."Ohio Concrete,24/1(May 2005):6-7. Blaine Hill "S" Bridge Belmont County, Ohio 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property less than one acre (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1 17 515263 4434982 Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11.
Form Prepared By name/title organization Michael G. Peppe and Nancy H. Campbell date May 9, 2009 street & number 2000 E. Henderson Rd., Suite 500 telephone 614-457-6650 _state_OH zip code 43950 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. Representative black and white photographs of the property. (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Pease Township Trustees, Belmont County Courthouse street & number_101 W. Main St. _ telephone 740-695-2121 city or town_St. Clairsville Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.
470 et seq.). instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.0. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. Maps Photographs Continuation Sheets Additional items Zone Easting Northing UTM References Property Owner See continuation sheet. city or town Columbus A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings.
Response to this request is required to obtain a Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 10 Page 16 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH 10. Geographical Data Verbal Boundary Description The boundary of the Blaine Hill "S" Bridge is the bridge itself and the roadway bordered by its stone- walled approaches from the east and west. Figure 8 While the brick-paved road continues beyond the bridge's roadway, the historic boundary encompasses only the portions that include the bridge and its stone-bordered structure. Boundary Justification Figure 9 and 10 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Photo List Page 17 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Photographs taken by Don Feenerty Ground photographs taken on November 5, 2008 Aerial photographs taken on October 22, 2008 1. Overview of the Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, facing west. 2. View of the bridge surface from the western side, facing east 3. View of the bridge surface from the eastern side, facing west 4. View of the upstream arches on the north side of the bridge, facing southwest 5. View of the downstream arches on the south side of the bridge, facing northwest 6. Detail view of a springline 7. Detail view of a pier 8. Detail view of brick and wall 9. Detail view of brick deck 10. Detail view of arch ring 11. Comparison of the center arch and the repaired western arch 12.
Detail view of repaired western arch 14. Aerial view of the Blaine Hill "S" Bridge and the Blaine Viaduct National Road) National Park Service Photo List 13.Aerial view showing three generations of roads (Interstate Route 70, U.S. Route 40, and the NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH List of Figures Figure 1: National Road Geographic Profile Figure 2: Photo of Casselman Bridge, also known as "Little Crossings" Figure 3: Photo of Elm Grove Bridge Somerfield, Pennsylvania Figure 5: HABS OH-2108 (two photos) Figure 6: HABS OH-2109 (one photo) Figure 7: Chart of National Road Stone Bridges in Ohio Figure 8 : Elevation diagram Figure 9 : Site plan view Figure 10:Sketch map of historic boundary Figures National Park Service Section number Additional Documentation Page 18 Figure 4:Photos of "Big Crossings,"the now-submerged bridge over the Youghiogheny River at NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Additional Documentation Page 19 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Figure 1: National Road Geographic Profile Mountains of Maryland and Pennsylvania Columbus Blaine THEIR HOTELS AN NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Additional Documentation Page 20 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Figure 2: Photo of Casselman Bridge ("Little Crossings") http://www.historicbridges.org/maryland/casselman/index.htm(accessed May 9, 2009) Casselman Bridge, National Road Public (restricted) irregularly, spans some 354 feet.
It is approximately 30 feet high, at the chord of the arc to the waterline below, while its time of its construction, it was the largest single span stone The bridge, listed on the National Register of Historic Department of Natural Resources, State of Maryland. It is the The bridge was recently restored, using both federal and state funds, made available through the Maryland Historical trust. http://www.historicbridges.org/maryland/casselman/nomination.pdf (accessed May 9, 2009) 1813 Grantsville vicinity Spanning the Casselman River, the Casselman Bridge was bridge in America. Places and designated by the U.S.Department of the Interior as focal point of a public park and picnic area which surrounds it. a National Historic Landmark in 1964,is now owned by the National Road. The bridge, built of ashlar stone laid width, at the entrances of the bridge, is about 48 feet.
At the built in 1813 as part of this country's effort to construct a NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Section number Additional Documentation Page 21 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Figure 3: Photo of Elm Grove Bridge Old Stone Bridge, Elm Grove, West Virginia, Photo by James Janos, 1998 http://wheeling.weirton.lib.ww.us/history/landmark/bridges/stonebr2.htm (accessed May 9, 2009) CONTINUATION SHEET NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Additional Documentation Page 22 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Figure 4: Photographs of "Big Crossings," the now-submerged bridge over the Youghiogheny River at Somerfield, Pennsylvania Historical Postcard showing the 'Big Crossings' bridge and Somerfield http:/www.gribblenation.com/swparoads/essays/nationard/mdfoyough.html (accessed May 9, 2009) 38 Morse and Green, 41. On Thanksgiving Day, 2001, Vince Ferrari photographed the original 'Big Crossings' bridge "In autumn, when water is released down river, bridge becomes partially visible. IPS Form 10-90( OMB No. 1024-0018 Rev.
10-90 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Additional Documentation Page 23 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Figure 5: HABS OH-2108 TABS OHIO.7-BLA.V 3. Highest resolution image (TIFF - 17580K bytes) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Section number Additional Documentation Page 24 Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Figure 6: HABS OH-2109 CONTINUATION SHEET References in the Literature Harper & Bridge II Intersected (per Other Names NR / NHL Gray & Pape OHI form) HAER # ?; HABS Blain Hill "S" Bridge 1 Blaine p. 135, 136 Wheeling Creek Select, p. 22 p. 61; Table C1 p. 7, 10, 11 p. 139 2108; OH-2109 Tributary of 2 Lloydsville HABS OH-2110 p.
139 3 East of Morristown Salt Fork "S" Bridge; NR (1966) & 4 Middlebourne HABS #0-2113 p. 16 Bridge, National Road NHL (1965) Branch of 5 East of Cambridge Cook's Run Stone Bridge p. 140 p. 17 p. 76 7 Cassell Cassell "S" Bridge p. 142, 143 p. 77,80 Fox Run / Fox Fox Run "S" Bridge; "S" 8 New Concord NR (1973) p. 143, 144 p. 20 9 West of Zanesville p. 29,90 p. 22 p. 29-30,92,94; 10 Mount Sterling HABS #0-43 Plate 2, p. 22; p. 29, 96; Table Muskingum Valley Run p. 23 12 Near Amsterdam p.
100; Table C4 Belmont County, Ohio 0732141 6039154 6040349 733504 3030970 3031691 3032868 733806 County Guide Number Leatherwood Listed Licking Feature Smith Further (2008) evaluation (SFN) Guernsey article Gratiot Belmont Creek (1972) Bicentennial Bridge Inventory Crooked Creek Bridge Location McKee Reciprocity Bridge HABS/HAER Eligible State Bridge (2005) Survey (1998) (1983) John Carnahen Stone Research Stone Bridges on the National Road in Ohio -2009-Figure7 Table C3. 30XXXX2 Table C2. Bowling Green HABS #0-2106C, ODOT Re- 60XXXX3 60XXXX2 OH-2107; OH- p. 18 Timber Run Muskingum Timber Run Muskingum NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Figure 8: As shown in the elevation diagram below, the boundary includes the three arches, the two piers, and the full extent of the masonry walls that form the outside structure of the bridge. The and about 30 feet in width (10 -0 Figure 9: This is a plan view of the bridge's site: CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Additional Documentation Page 25 northern side of the bridge(not shown) extends further up Blaine Hill. This is about 356 feet in length 50 %0%: E PIER 2 ARCH EL:72045 (TYP) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Blaine Hill "S" Bridge, Belmont County, OH Figure 10: Sketch Map of Historic Boundary Section number Additional Documentation Page 26 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET NAME : DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF 45TH DAY: REFERENCE NUMBER: 10000082 REASONS FOR REVIEW: N PDIL: N PERIOD: N PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: COMMENT WAIVER: N ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR X/N If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority, the TELEPHONE DATE RETURN MULTIPLE DISCIPLINE REJECT REVIEWER 3/11/10 3/22/10 2/05/10 RECOM./CRITERIA OTHER: Historic Places The National Register Entered in nomination is no longer under consideration by the NPs.
DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: DATE OF 16TH DAY: REQUEST: N SAMPLE: Don Feenerty OHPO Blaine hill "S" Bridge Facing West Belmont County, Ohio Don Feenerty Facing east OHPO Nov. 5,2008 MOTOR CLOSED ROAD VEHICLES Blaine Hill "S" Bridge Belmont Gounty, Ohio Nov. 5,2008 OHPO Belmont County, Olio Don Feenarty OH PO Nov. 5, 2008 Blacie hill "s" Bridge OHPo Nov. 512008 Nov. 5, 2008 OHPO Blaine Hill "S" Bridge Nov, 5,2008 OHPO Nov 52008 OHPO OHPO Nov. 5 200 8 Belmout County, Ohio Don Feenerty Belmont County, Ohio Nov 5, 2008 Don Feenerty OHPO Don Feen OHPO Nov. 5, 2008 Don Feenerty OHPO Oct. 22, 2008 Don Feerent Belmont County, Ouco Belmont County, Ohio Oct.
22,2008 Don Feenent OHIO - BRMONT CO 75 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) 17515263 4434982 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LANSING QUADRANGLE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LANSING, OHIO Bridge STATE OF OHIO ROAD CLASSIFICATION UNITED STATES Belment County Blaine Hill "s REC'D BY OHPO AUG 1 9 2009 Vice President: Doug Smith C/O Clark Co. - Springfield TCC NATIONAL ROAD 3130 East National Road- Suite 2A Springfield, Ohio 45505 Phone: 937-521-2132 Email: gmassie@clarkcountyohio.gov Web-site: www.ohionationalroad.org An All - American Road National Scenic Byway ** Barbara A. Powers Head, Inventory and Registration Dept. Ohio Historic Preservation Office 1982 Velma Avenue Columbus, OH 43211-2497 Dear Ms. Powers, of the Blaine Hill "S" Bridge to the National Register of Historic Places.
The Blaine Bridge is an important asset/feature of the Historic National Road in Ohio, and we hope that Ohio National Road Association Association Road President Byway Coordination Services Ohio HISTORIC 17 August 2009 Sincerely, The Board of Trustees of the Ohio National Road Association enthusiastically supports the nomination Cyndie L. Gerken it will receive this special recognition of its significance in American history. OHIO HISTORIC BRIDGE ASSOCIATION 1982 VELMA AVENUE COLUMBUS, OHIO 4321 1-2497 August 25, 2009 Inventory & Registration Ohio Historic Preservation Office the Blaine Hill "S" Bridge on the National Register of Historic Places. It concrete in the 1990s, care was taken to incorporate as much of the original portion, a significant historic masonry structure remains. David A. Simmons Sincerely, President Barbara Powers arches remaining in the state.
While the western-most arch was rebuilt in counted among the most sophisticated examples of National Road stone stone as possible in the spandrel walls and railings.Even if discounting this represents both Ohio's and the nation's early engineering heritage and can be Dear Barbara: I am writing to offer my enthusiastic support for the proposed listing of FEB 0 5 2010 January 27, 2010 NAT. REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Ms. Carol D. Shull, Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places 1201 Eye Street, NW (2280) Washington DC 20005 Enclosed please find three (3) new National Register nominations for Ohio. All appropriate notification procedures have been followed for these new submissions.
NEW NOMINATION Blaine Hill "S" Bridge Grafton-Rockwood Historic District If you have questions or comments about these documents, please contact the National Register staff in the Ohio Historic Preservation Office at (614) 298-2000. James D. Strider Director of Outreach and Historic Preservation Services State Historic Preservation Officer 1982 Velma Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43211-2497 ph: 614.298.2000 fx: 614.298.2037 COUNTY Crawford Montgomery www.ohiohistory.org Enclosures Belmont Sincerely, OHIO HISTORICAL SOCIETY National Register Ohio Historic Preservation Office Harvey One-Room School Dear Ms. Shull: RECEIVED 2280 OHIO HISTORY
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