Nomination for Jackson Homestead

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

Form 10-300 (Rev.

6-72) /H0016250 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM (Type all entries complete applicable sections) NAME COMMON: Jackson Homestead AND/OR HISTORIC: LOCATION STREET AND NUMBER: 527 Washington Street CITY OR TOWN: Newton STATE Massachusetts CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY (Check One) District Site X Building - Structure Object Public Private Both PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Agricultural Government Commercial Industrial Educational Military Entertainment Museum OWNER OF PROPERTY OWNER'S NAME: STREET AND NDHUTER of Newton 1000 Commonwealth Avenue CITY OR TOWN: Newton LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: Registry of Deeds, Southern Midalesex STREET AND NUMBER: Cambridge Street CITY OR TOWN: Cambridge REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE OF SURVEY: Historic Assets of the Commonwealth DATE OF SURVEY: - Federal DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: Massachusetts Historical Commission STREET AND NUMBER: 40 Beacon Street CITY OR TOWN: Boston, 319200 n19 469/210 STATE: Massachu setts COUNT Middlesex FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY DATE 4 1973 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: District #4 CODE 025 OUNTY Middleses CODE 017 OWNERSHIP Public Acquisition: - In Process Being Considered Park Private Residence Religious Scientific STATUS * Occupied Unoccupied - Preservation work in progres ACCESSIBLE TO THE PUBLIC Yes: * Restricted Unrestricted No - Transportation - Other (Specify) - Comments STATE: Massachusetts Massachusetts STATE Massachusetts [x State STATE: Coypty Massachusetts CODE 025 CODE 025 8) BECEIVED MAY 14 1973 NATIONAL REGISTER COR STATE- COUNTY: ENTRY NUMBER DATE FOR NPS USE ONLY DESCRIPTION (Check One) Deteriorated [X Excellent CONDITION Good (Check One) - Fair Ruins Altered X Unaltered DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Description of the property

- Moved - Unexposed (Check One) X Original Site The Jackson Homestead, on the corner of Washington Street and Jackson Road, has wide lawns on the front (south) and west sides, with about one- half acre of fields to the rear (north); one-story outbuildings extend to the east. Large trees surround the house. In front the property is bounded by an elaborate wooden fence which is terminated at both ends by paneled square posts topped with urns; posts of the same design mark the center entrance. On Jackson Road the land is enclosed by a simple picket fence. The two-story building is clapboard with a hip roof in which four end chimneys are set back in the slope a few feet from the eaves. The house is five bays wide and four bays deep, with the regularly spaced, shuttered windows containing six-over-six sash.

The entrance porch is supported by a pair of slender columns; the doorway has matching pilasters, sidelights, and an elliptical fanlight.\ To the east a driveway circles in front of the outbuildings which are used for wood storage and a garage. According to family records a house was constructed on this site in 1670 by Edward Jackson, and occupied by successive generations of Jacksons until 1809 when a new house (the present Jackson Homestead) was built by Major Timothy Jackson. Portions of the 1670 house were used in the construction of the new one, i.e. heavy beams as fireplace supports, one interior and several exterior doors. I NThe 1809 house was built on a foundation of granite blocks brought from Quincy by oxcart.

Inside are six fireplaces with hand carved mantel and bokits en firee adeand seenaused for olneiand-he first faobricks laundry room;)the original front door designed to keep out Indian arrows and bullets; the room and well in the cellar where runaway slaves were hidden. RECEiVED MAY 14 1973 NATIONAL REGISTER TELIZITY M UCTIONS W

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

SIGNIFICANCE PERIOD (Check One or More as Appropriate) Pre-Columbian! 15th Century SPECIFIC DATE(S) (If Applicable and Known) 16th Century 17th Century 1809 AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Abor iginal Education Prehistoric Engineering Historic Industry Agriculture Invention N Architecture Landscape Art Architecture Commerce Literature Communications Military Conservation Music - 18th Century 7 19th Century - 20th Century Beligionkphi REeEWED Sc ence sellAYurd 4 1973 SPATTONAL REGISTER L Urban Planning Other (Specify) Transportation STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Statement of significance

The Jackson Homestead is significant as an example of a property acquired by an early Newton settler, and occupied and maintained by his descendants for nearly 300 years. Edward Jackson (1602-1681) was the fourth settler in Cambridge Village, now called Newton. He built a salt box house on the Homestead property in 1670 for his son,\sebas, and owned about 1600 acres at his death. An Indian trail crossed his land. He was "constantly present with the Rev. John Eliot at his lectures to the Indians, taking notes and answering questions". He owned two menservants and was probably the first slave owner in Newton. Forty-four of his Newton descendants were in the Revolutionary army. Major Timothy Jackson (1756-1814) built the present house in 1809, using boards, hand-hewn beams and bricks from the old house where possible.

He joined the Militia when 15 years old and became a Corporal two years later. While serving in the Revolution, he spent three years on the high seas aboard privateers and other war vessels, was captured several times and escaped after suffering severe hardships, including seven months in a British Army prison in New York. He settled down to farming in Newton at the age of 24. Later, he became a successful candle and soap manufacturer and was able to leave a fine estate to his children. His civic activities included such positions as school teacher, member of the School Board, Selectman for six years, Moderator at town meetings, Justice of the Peace, and Deputy Sheriff. William Jackson (1783-1855) was Timothy's son. In 1806 he married Hannah Woodward of Newton, who died in 1814 leaving five children. William later married Mary Bennett, moving to the Homestead in 1820.

There were 14 children when Mr. Whipple of Boston took a remarkable Daguerreotype of the entire family in 1846. William's impressive public career included the following: Head of Temperance Society, first member and Deacon of Eliot Church, member of the 22nd and 23rd Congress, General Agent for the Boston and Worcester Railroad, member of the Newton School Board, President of the Newton National Bank, owner of the soap and candle factory already established on this property, member of a real estate board dedicated to the development of Auburndale in 1848, member of the Liberal Party, and an Abolitionist who made his house an Underground Station for runaway slaves.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Historic American Buildings Survey. 1934,1935. National Park Service, Washington, D.C. Jackson, E.D. Annals of the Jackson Homestead. Kieth, Barbara. History of the Jackson Homestead. Mss. 1927, pp.30-32. Sweetser, M.F. King's Handbook of Newton Massachusetts. Moses King Corporation,Boston, 1889. 10. Information supplied by Brian D. Baldwin, Intergovernmental Finance Coordinator, City of Newton.

GEOGRAPHICAL DATA LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES DEFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PHOPERTY CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE R OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES LATITUDE LONGITUDE Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds NW 42 0 21- 19½- Degrees Minutes Seconds 71 0 11 , 43" NE SE SW APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: less, than ten ILIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES STATE: COVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY GOUNDARIEG COUNTY STATE: CODE COUNTY: RECEIVED CODE MAY STATE: CODE COUNTY: 1 4 1973 CODE NATIONAL STATE: CODE COUNTY: REGISTER CODE CODE FORM PREPARED BY NAME AND TITLE: Elizabeth R. Amadon, State Survey Director ORGANIZATION Massachusetts Historical Commission STREET AND NUMBER: 40 Beacon Street CITY OR TOWN: STATE Boston 12.

STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERTIFICATION DATE April 17, 1973 (617) 727-8470 Massachusetts 02108 NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION CODE 025 As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na- tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the c-iteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service. The recommended level of significance of this nomination is: National State Local I hereby certify that this property is included in the Nationa 1 Register. Roberke Utlu Direcior, Oftice of Archeoloey and Historfe Preservation Date 6/4/73 Name t.x Donre John F.X. Davoren, Secretary of the Commonwealth; Chairman of the Mass.

Title Historical Commission Date 4/18/23 ATTEST: Mad lold FAWWKeeper of The Nationai Register Date 530 12 GPO 931.894 - Z Form10-300a (July 1969) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM (Continuation Sheet) STATE Massachusetts COUNTY Middlesex FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER JUN 4 DATE 1976 (Number all entries) Newton, Jackson Homestead (8 con't) During the history of the Jackson Homestead, at least twelve brides were married in the parlour, and the dining room . held as many as forty-two at Thanksgiving dinner. Bunk beds lined the wall of the first floor nursery where the young Jacksons slept. Jackson relatives lived here until about 1930. In 1949, a ninth-generation descendant gave the Homestead to the City of Newton.

The furnishings represent those of a house of the early 1800's, including many things that belonged to the Jackson family. The house is relatively unchanged and is a good example of hip roofed Federal style with its original outbuildings. The Homestead is now used as a museum, where lectures are given and tours conducted as part of an active educational program. 8 19 10 RECÊiVED MAY 1 4 1973 NATIONAL REGISTER T2 11 112, GPO 921.724 PROPERTY WORKING NUMBER TECH REVIEW Kackeen Hemesteal sarE Masd 5.14.73.2909 Photos / Maps M.ddleser CONTROL REVIEW Cm 5-18- 73 HISTORIAN poor presentation - hate intrading however, Of fmayhe HRBs-seeta) rear bldg.?) ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN Where do people get these Indiau war ideas? How do they explaen the fan light o side lights? ARCHEOLOGIST OK 5/18/73 KH 5/1/73 REVIEW UNIT CHIEF BRANCH CHIEF assunto.

525-73 Ol Sy 21/22 KEEPER National Register write-up Federal Register entry _ 8-2-23 Send-back Re-submit Entered SNN 4 1979 MPS Mumber 6. 4:73 = Title: ( Jackean Homestead Loc. Middlers Cs, Més Seuth fande and last elevatesi Newton Neuton. PC fackson Nmestiad PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL NEGISTER Form 10-301 (July 1968) 1. NAME COMMON UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY MAP FORM (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with map) AND/OR HISTORIC NUMERIC CODE (Assigned by NPS) JUN 4 Bla Jackson Homestead 2. LOCATION STATE Massachusetts STREET AND NUMBER 527 Washington Street 3. MAP REFERENCE SOURCE U.S.G.S. Newton, Mass.

COUNTY Middlesex DATE 1956 REQUIREMENTS: PROPERTY BOUNDARIES, WHERE REQUIRED, AND NORTH ARROW: TOWN Newton SCALE 1:24,000 N RECEIVED MAY 14 1973 NATIONAL REGISTER 12 GPO 932.010 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT TEWTON TELEPHONE 244-4700 TONANTUT PORATED ATONI THEODORE D. MANN MAYOR City of Newton, Massachusetts Incorporated 1873 CITY HALL COMMONWEALTH AVENUE AND WALNUT STREET NEWTON CENTRE 02159 April 12, 1973 Mrs. Amadon Massachusetts Historical Commission 40 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108 Dear Mrs. Amadon: BITI9IIO RECENED MAY 14 1973 NATIONAL REGISTER I would like to take this opportunity to thank you all of the assistance you have given Mr. Brian D. Baldwin, Newton's Federal Funds Administrator, in preparing our application for the listing of the Jackson Homestead on the Register of Historic Places. You have been most kind and we are in your debt.

I would also like to point out, at this time, the particular urgency involved in this listing. The City of Newton in the process of celebrating its Centennial this year and numerous activities are planned for this spring. We anticipate that the Jackson Homestead will play a vital part in these festivities. Any assistance you could give us in having the Jackson Homestead approved for listing will be greatly appreciated. Again my thanks, and if I or any of my staff can be of any assistance to you, please do not hesitate to call. Sincerely, Thes Theodore D. Manr Mayor tdm:bdb:g ENSE PETIT PLACIDAM John F. X. Davoren Secretary of the Commonwealth The Commonwvealth of Massachusetts Ofice of the Secretary Massachusetts Histonical Commission -3--Jay-Street- Boston, Mass.

02108 40 Beacon Street (617) 727-8470 May 1, 1973 National Register of Historic Places Department of the Interior National Park Service 18th and C Streets, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20240 Attention: Mr. Jerry Rogers CERTIFIED MAIL Dear Jerry: Enclosed is the National Register nomination for: Middlesex County, Newton, Jackson Homestead This has been declared eligible for submission by the Massachusetts Historical Commission, the State Review Board, and has been signed by Secretary of the Commonwealth, John F.X. Davoren, Chairman of the Massachusetts Historical Conmission and designated State Preservation Officer. The attached letter from His Honor, the Mayor of Newton, indicates the importance of this submission being processed as possible, as Newton is celebrating its Centennial this year, and many activities are scheduled for the spring.

We would appreciate it if you would expedite the Jackson Homestead submission. With thanks, Sincerely, Bob, Robert B. Rettig Executive Director Massachusetts Historical Commission RECEVED MAY 14 1973 NATIONAL REGISTER BIEITE 112) + ENTRIES IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER STATE MASSACHUSITTS JUN A 1973 Date Entered Name Arlington Street Church The Cushing Ilenestead Jacison ilonestead Peabody Institute Library Wapanucket Site Location Boston Buffolk County Einghan Plywouth County Newton Middlesex County Peabody Issex County Middleboro Plymouth County Also Notified HonEdvardl Rannkdy Ion. Thomas P. O'Ne1l1, JT. Hon. Garry E. Studds lon. Robart Drinan Hon. Michael J. larrington llon. Margaret M. Ilackler Director, Northeast Reglon State Historic Preservation Officer Hon. John F. X.

Davoren Secretary of the Conmonwealth Chairaen, Massachusatte lfatorical Comniasion 40 Beacon Street Boston, Massechusette 02108 | PHR NRowland: pcl 6/12/73 NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service RECEIVED 2280 National Register of Historic Places :p 2 5 2003 Registration Form NAI RE This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested.

If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name The Jackson Homestead (2003Technical Amendment) other names/site number _ Timothy Jackson House 2. Location street & number_ 527 Washington Street - not for publication city or town Newton - vicinity state Massachusetts code MA countyMiddlesex _code_017_ zip code _02458 3.

State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination - request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Histeric Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property Dmeets - does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant ] nationally O statewide E locally. (- See continuation sheet for additional comments national Register Nerictor Signature of certifying official/Title Carf H.

Metz, State Historic Preservation Officer 021/22/03 Massachusetts Historical Commission State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property meets -does not meet the National Register criteria. ([ See continuation sheet for additional Comments.) Signature of certifying official/Title Date State or Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service Certification I, hereby certify that this property is: - See continuation sheet 1 determined eligible for the ] See continuation shee determined not eligible for th National Register - removed from the National Register V other (explain): iccept aditimal documentatin Signafure of the Keeper ratiice Andils Date of Action 10/24/2003 - The Jackson Homestead Name of Property 5.

Classification Oneck as mang pes as apy -private X public-local - public-State -public-Federal _Middlesex, MA County and State (Check only one box) X building(s) - district _ site - structure - object Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.) Contributing Noncontributing 1 Name of related multiple property listing (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) N/A 1 building sites _ structures . objects Total 1 1 Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register 1 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions) Domestic: Single Dwelling Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) _Recreation and Culture: Museum Education: research facility Z.

Description Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions) Early Republic: Federal Materials (Enter categories from instructions) foundation Granite, brick, fieldstone walls Clapboard, brick roof. other Asphalt shingle Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page_ 1 - Jackson Homestead Newton (Middlesex), MA 2003 Technical Amendment Narrative Description The Jackson Homestead is a substantial and well-preserved example of Federal architecture, prominently located on a one-acre site on Washington Street in Newton and visible from the Massachusetts Turnpike.

Wide lawns surround the building on three sides and a huge, ancient locust tree, said to have been planted around the time of the American Revolution, remains a landmark at the southwest corner of the yard. The surrounding neighborhood is comprised of suburban houses and academic institutions. Built in 1809, the two-story house has a low, hipped roof with four end chimneys, two on either side, set in slightly from the eaves. The house rests on a brick and fieldstone foundation faced with granite blocks. Five bays wide and four bays deep, the house has 6/6 sash windows set in slightly projecting molded frames flanked by shutters. The facade is clad with clapboards; the rear elevation is covered with wood shingles; and the east and west ends are brick.

The main entrance, centered on the façade, is defined by a porch supported by pairs of slender columns; the doorway has matching pilasters, sidelights, and an elliptical fanlight. A side entrance with paneled door opens onto the driveway on the east side, and a shed-roofed wing extends four bays from the northeast corner of the main block. Two bays have elliptical-arch openings screened with lattice; two have wide double-leaf doors that were rebuilt in 1999. At the rear of the house, a cement terrace was added in the early part of the twentieth century, and an emergency exit leading from the basement was built in 1988. The Jackson Homestead stands on the site of a seventeenth-century saltbox.

Many of the hand- hewn beams from the saltbox were re-used in the construction of the main block of the Jackson Homestead; and the original post-and-beam construction of the lean-to section of the saltbox forms part of the present wing. Crown glass, imported from England, was used in all the windows; a few pieces still remain. The seventeenth-century well, which stood to the west of the old saltbox, was included in the cellar of the present house. The front door of the saltbox, which had been reused as a door to the laundry room in the wing of the new house, is now preserved in the museum. Few changes have been made to the configuration of the 1809 house. The original plan of rooms was four over four with a central hallway. The decorative finish in the hall and two front rooms on the first floor, including mantels carved by Mr. Jesse Hall of Newton, remains intact.

In both (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-4 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page_ 2 Jackson Homestead Newton (Middlesex), MA 2003 Technical Amendment the east and west kitchens, the original finish around the fireplaces was lost, but in the1950s the mantle and paneling around the fireplace in the east kitchen was accurately recreated. In the west kitchen, the present reversible finish dates from 1993. On the second floor, the two rooms toward the rear of the house, which were divided in the 1820s, are shown on the 1936 Historic American Building Survey (HABS) drawings. The west room has been restored to its original shape; the east room, part of which was made into a bathroom in 1907, remains divided, although the bathroom fixtures have been removed.

The front rooms on that floor retain their original shape and finish. In the wing, lofts were removed and the floors were lowered in the 1960s to make room for a bathroom, kitchen, and library. The elliptical fence, reproduced in 2001 from existing remnants and historical photographs, is centered at the front of the property. Bracketed by posts topped with classical urns, the fence is an accurate reproduction in its original historical setting. A nineteenth-century gazebo, which was originally located on the grounds of the Rosedale- Chaffin House (124 Vernon Street, Newton; NRDIS - 1982), stands in the back yard of the Jackson Homestead. The structure was moved to the site in 1973, and is considered a noncontributing structure within the context of the present nomination, although it is not an inappropriate addition to the Jackson Homestead grounds.

(end) The Jackson Homestead Name of Property 8. Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.) XA Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. _ B Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. X. C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. _D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.

Criteria Considerations (Mark "x" in all the boxes that apply.) Property is: _A owned by religious institution or used for religious purposes. _B removed from its original location. _ C a birthplace or grave. _ D a cemetery. _E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. _F a commemorative property. _G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within the past 50 years. Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) Middlesex, MA County and State Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions) Architecture Community Planning and Development Social History (Underground Railroad) Period of Significance 1809 to 1899 Significant Dates Significant Person (Complete if Criterion Bis marked above) Cultural Affiliation Architect/Builder 9.

Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data: - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 - State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested - Other State agency - previously listed in the National Register Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National X Local Government Register - University - designated a National Historic Landmark Other X recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: #139 The Jackson Homestead _ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page1 Statement of Significance OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 Jackson Homestead Newton (Middlesex), MA 2003 Technical Amendment significant as a fine and well-preserved example of Federal architecture. The property is also significant for its association with the Jackson family, who owned the land for nearly 300 years and built the present house in 1809. The purpose of this Technical Amendment is to provide an additional historic context for the property's significance as a stop on the Underground Railroad. Summary of the pre-Civil War era history The land upon which the Jackson Homestead now stands was acquired by Edward Jackson (1602-1681), the fourth known settler in Cambridge Village (now Newton). Historical accounts note that Jackson "was constantly present with the Rev.

Jon Eliot at his lectures to the Indians, taking notes and answering questions." He was instrumental in persuading the General Court to grant Newton independence from Cambridge. In 1670, Jackson built a saltbox house on the property for his son, Sebas. The present Jackson Homestead was built in 1809 by Timothy Jackson (1756-1814), Sebas's great-grandson. After serving in the Revolutionary War, Timothy returned to farming in Newton. His civic activities included such positions as schoolteacher, member of the School Board, Selectman for six years, Town Meeting Moderator, Justice of the Peace, and Deputy Sheriff. In 1802, he started a soap and candle business in Boston. Its success enabled him to build the present Federal-style house. A seventeenth-century well that had been located on the west side of the Sebas Jackson house was included in the cellar of Timothy Jackson's new house.

That well is believed to have been used as a hiding place for fugitives from slavery when the Jackson Homestead became a stop on the Underground Railroad. Underground Railroad Context William Jackson (1783-1855), Timothy's son, moved to the Homestead in 1820. He established a soap and candle factory on the property while also engaging in an impressive public career. William was a member of the Massachusetts General Court in 1832-33, a member of the 22nd and 23°d United States Congress, and as a general agent for the Boston and Worcester Railroad was largely responsible for routing the line through Newton. Locally, he headed the Temperance (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_2 OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 Jackson Homestead Newton (Middlesex), MA 2003 Technical Amendment Society, was founder of the Newton Savings Bank, the Eliot Church, and the Newton Female Academy. Like his brother Francis Jackson, Treasurer of the Vigilance Committee in Boston, William was an abolitionist, and the Jackson Homestead was a stop on the Underground Railroad. Reference to William's role in the Underground Railroad is found in his daughter Ellen's reminiscences, Annals of the Old Homestead. Ellen recounts a night when William Bowditch of Brookline brought a runaway slave to the Homestead, where he stayed until he could be taken to freedom. Based on this account and other corroborating evidence, The Jackson Homestead's role as a site on the Underground Railroad has been recognized by the National Railroad Network to Freedom in 2001.

After William Jackson's death in 1855, his widow Mary Bennett Jackson and three unmarried daughters were left in reduced circumstances, but continued to play a role in the life of the community. In 1865, Ellen helped to found the Freedman's Aid Society in Newton and served as its President until her death in 1902. Contributions of bedding, clothing, and books sent to Hampton and Tuskeege Institutes are recorded in the Society's minute book, which has been preserved. In addition, Ellen was known for her wildflower watercolors; her sketchbooks have also been preserved. Two other daughters, Cornelia and Caroline, also played a role in the community. In 1878, Cornelia established the Santa Claus Agency, which brought food and clothing to the poor, and in the same year, Caroline became an assistant librarian for the Newton Library, which had just been taken over by the City.

In 1906, after the death of the last daughter Caroline, the house was refurbished and subsequently occupied by William's descendants until 1932, when it was rented. In 1949, a ninth-generation descendant donated the Homestead to the City of Newton to be used for educational purposes. The Homestead is now the City Museum and the headquarters of the Newton Historical Society. (end) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Section number 9 Page_ 1 Jackson Homestead Newton (Middlesex), MA 2003 Technical Amendment Bibliographical References Fleishman, Thelma. The Jacksons and Their Homestead. 1984. Jackson, Alice F. & Bettina. Three Hundred Years American. 1951. Jackson, Ellen. Annals from the Old Homestead.1894. Jackson, Francis. History of Newton.1854.

Keith, Barbara. "History of the Jackson Homestead." (manuscript) 1927. National Park Service. Historic American Buildings Survey: Timothy Jackson House, 1935-36. National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom. Network to Freedom. August 2001. Siebert, Wilbur Henry. The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom. 1898. (end) The Jackson Homestead Name of Property 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property 1 acre UTM References See continuation sheet. (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1. 19 319200 4991340 Zone Easting Northing Middlesex, MA County and State - 2. Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting "Zone Easting - See continuation sheet Northing Northing Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justificatior (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet. 11.

Form Prepared By name/title Susan D. Abele, Curator of the Jackson Homestead and Betsy Friedberg, National Register Director organization Massachusetts Historical Commission _date September 2003 street & number_220 Morrissey Blvd telephone 617-727-8470 city or town_ Boston _stateMA _ zip code_ 02125 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property.

Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name City of Newton street & number 1000 Commonwealth Avenue telephone 617-551-7100 city or town Newton _ state_MA zip code_ 02459 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.).

Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. NNPSForm 1 10-900-1 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number_photo Page_ Photographs Name of Property: County and State: Name of Photographer Date of Photographs Location of Negatives The Jackson Homestead Middlesex County, MA Susan D. Abele October 20, 2001 1.

Front View of the Jackson Homestead, looking north 2. Rear View of the Jackson Homestead, looking southeast 3. View of fence in front of the Jackson Homestead, looking northeast OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Jackson Homestead Newton (Middlesex), MA 2003 Technical Amendment UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET REQUESTED ACTION: RESUBMISSION Additinal Docmentation PROPERTY Jackson Homestead NAME: MULTIPLE NAME: STATE & COUNTY: MASSACHUSETTS, Middlesex DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: 9/25/03 DATE OF PENDING LIST: DATE OF 45TH DAY: REFERENCE NUMBER: 73000306 NOMINATOR: STATE DETAILED EVALUATION: ACCEPT RETURN REJECT DATE ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS: 11/09/03 RECOM.

/ CRITERIA Aucept additimal documontatin Farick Anduus REVIEWER TELEPHONE DISCIPLINE Historian DATE_ 10/24/2003 DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N The JacKson Hmestead MeddksexCounty, MA Susun D. Abele, plurygroptee Octolu20, 2001 Negali: Pudacksontlomesleal Lubicuy - Bendèe A-3-28 #, Front Viuo lookucy north The rackson HruesteceO Muddle sex Co.,MH Susan's, Abele, slurographe Octolu 20,2001 Neeutines: The Jacksontlomosten Wrary-Binde A-3-28 #z RearView lookeng south easf The sactison Homestead MedallesesCo., MA Susan D. Abuee, photogzaphn Octolu 20, 20001 Negatiuis:Thelacksintmeslead Likiay- Bindlü 1-3-28 #3 Viioffencene frout of Thedackson Homeslead Ibohir nirtleast RECEIVED 2280 SEP 2 5 2003 AI.

REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLAC: ATIONAL PARK SERVIO The Commonwealth of Massachusetts William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Massachusetts Historical Commissio September 18, 2003 Ms. Carol Shull National Register of Historic Places Department of the Interior National Park Service 1201 Eye Street, NW, 8th floor Washington, DC 20005 Dear Ms. Shull: Enclosed please find the following Technical Amendment for: The Jackson Homestead (Middlesex County) Massachusetts The Jackson Homestead was listed on the National Register on June 4, 1973 Sincerely, betsy tredherg Betsy Friedber National Register Director Massachusetts Historical Commission Enclosure CC: Susan Abele, The Jackson Homestead, 527 Washington Street, Newton, MA 02458 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 (617) 727-8470 - Fax: (617) 727-5128 www.state.ma.us/sec/mhc