MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Historic American Engineering RecordSurveyInventory; Spec Struc:Hydra(81.2), 1975 Coolidge, John, Mill and Mansion, Russel1 & Russel1, New York 1967 Malone, Patrick, The Power Canals of Lowel1, Massachusetts, Human Services Corporation Lowe11, 1973 10 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY_ UTM REFERENCES Al29/ B10,91960 47R419,0,01 ZONE EASTING NORTHING c19] 1310,913,6,0/ 1417k216,8,01 VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION see district sketch map approximately 100 acres B|1,9 13|1,1/2,90/ 1417/2.3|81/01 ZONE EASTING NORTHING D|1,2] 1310,8/540 1417/214/21610 LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES STATE CODE COUNTY CODE STATE CODE COUNTY CODE 11 FORM PREPARED BY NAME / TITLE Christine Boulding, Preservation Planner, and Joe Orfant ORGANIZATION Massachusetts Historical Commission March 1976 STREET & NUMBER TELEPHONE 294 Washington Street 617-727-8470 CITY OR TOWN STATE Boston Massachusetts 02108 12 STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS: NATIONAL STAT LOCAL - As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665).
1 hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATURE scheeh Rue Amadon DATE 3/30/76 TITLE Executive Director, Massachusetts Historical Commission FOR NPS USE ONLY I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS AROPERTY IS INCLUDED IN THENATIONAL REGISTER DATE DATE 8/13/76 8.12-76 Acting KEEPER OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER GPO 892.453 Form No. 1,0-300a (Rev.
10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED APR 6 1976 AUG 13 1976 DATE ENTERED 7 CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE 1 #7: The Tremont Gatehouse (#10), a one-story ridge roof Romanesque Revival building, five bays wide, was constructed in 1855 as a component of the Northern Canal Project. Its purpose was to direct the flow of water from the Northern Canal through the upper level of the Western Canal to the Lawrence Yard, should the flow from the Suffolk and Tremont tailraces prove insufficient. The Tremont Yard (#11), next to the Western Canal, incorporates a. site of about five acres and was the location of the Tremont Corporation, formed in 1830. The structures were razed in the 1930's and only fragments of the buildings remain.
The Lawrence Yard (#12), bounded by the Western Canal and the Merrimack River, covers approximately nine acres and contains structures ranging in date from 1826 to 1909. The weaving and spinning mills are principally Federal in style, four to six stories in height with Romanesque Revival additions and ornamentation. The Counting House is a particularly notable two-story High Victorian Gothic structure distinguished by the polychromatic banding of its slate roof. The Lawrence Canal, about 500 feet long, was constructed 1831 and runs westerly from the Western Canal to provide water power for the Lawrence Yards. Completed in 1848, the Moody Street Feeder (#13) was also built as part of the Northern Canal project, to increase the supply of water flowing into the Merrimack and Eastern Canals via the Boott Penstock.
The Feeder extends from the Western Canal to the Merri- mack Canal and consists of three brick vaulted tunnels. The Merrimack Canal Gate House (#14), built over the Moody Street Feeder and completed in 1848, is a Romanesque Revival building, two bays wide and six bays long. The building is distinguished by its fine dentiled cornice. The Gate House contains three service gates, each manually operated with counterweighted rock and pinion equipment over the waterway. The gate operating equipment is original to the feeder construction except for the counterweight system which was added in 1853. The building is already listed in the National Register as part of the City Hall Historic District. The Eastern Canal (#22) runs northerly from the Pawtucket Canal just above the lower locks and, bending 90°, runs parallel to the Merrimack River but flows in the opposite direction.
The Canal is 1,913 feet long and provided power to the Prescott, Massachusetts and Boott Mills. The Boott Mills (#15), bounded by the Merrimack River and the Eastern Canal, were founded in 1839. The cores of the majority of the buildings date from this period, but the yard was extensively rebuilt in the 1860's. The Romanesque Revival style of this com- pletely intact millyard is enhanced by a gracefil octagonal cupola and bell tower. The site comprises about six acres and is completely enclosed by buildings which form two interior courtyards. Thei Massachusetts Mills Boarding House (#18), constructed in the 1840's by the Massachusetts Mills, is a three and one-half story Greek Revival building. The first floor has been altered for commercial use. The Boott Mills Boarding House (#17), across French Street from the Massachusetts Mills Boarding House, was also constructed in the 1840's.
In the 1890's a Queen Anne facade was applied to the Bridge Street elevation and a wing was attached at the southwest corner, facing French Street. continued Form No. 10-300a (kev 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY APR 6 RECEIVED DATE ENTERED 1976 AUG 13 1976 CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 2 #7: The Pawtucket Canal, both upper (#31) and lower (#23) portions, was originally constructed between 1792-96 with four sets of locks, for use as a navigation canal around the Pawtucket Falls on the Merrimack River. Falling into disuse after the opening of the Middlesex Canal in 1805, it was extensively rebuilt between 1821-25 to provide both transportation and water power to the Iowell mills. The canal is 9,188 feet long and is the backbone of the locks and canals system.
The Lower Locks (#19) on the Iower Pawtucket Canal were originally built in 1822, and rebuilt in 1841. The locks consist of a dam and two navi- gation locks, covered by a frame structure. The Merrimack Canal (#27) was built in 1822- 23 to provide water power to the Merrimack Manufacturing Co., Lowell's first mill yard, no longer extant. It runs in a northerly direction 2,586 feet from the Pawtucket Canal at the Swamp Locks and eventually discharges into the Merrimack River. It includes a dam and a connector to the Eastern Canal, the Boott Penstock. ally founded in 1828, is located between the Merrimack and Iower Pawtucket Canals. The only extant structures include a four-story Romanesque Revival structure from the 1870's and three other buildings from the 1890's. 1828 to supply water to this yard. runs between the Merrimack and Lower Pawtucket Canals.
The Hamilton Canal (#25), 1,771 feet long, runs parallel to the Pawtucket Canal from the Swamp Locks and discharges into the Pawtucket Canal by raceways through the Hamilton and Appleton Yards. It was constructed in 1826 to power the aforementioned mills, and has a fall of 13 feet. The Hamilton Yard (#21) was the site of Lowell's second oldest manu- 14327 mae ehe s eno de Tose facturing company, the Hamilton Mills, incorporated in 1825. The structure now standing along the Pawtucket Canal is early Greek Revival distinguished by triangular granite pedi- ments over the windows, and granite lintels on square brackets. The fifth and sixth floors and the other structtres in the yard are Romanesque Revival dating from the re- building of the 1860's and 70's. The Appleton Mills (#24) east of the Hamilton Yard, were founded in 1828.
The structures on the island between the Hamilton and Pawtucket Canals near ly all date from the c. 1905 rebuilding; the structures on the south side of Jackson Street were built in 1873 and are Romanesque Revival. The Swamp Locks (#26) similar to the Lower Iocks, were built in 1822-23 and rebuilt in 1839-41. The Iowell Machine Shop (#28), razed in the 1930's, stood in the island formed by the Lo- wel1, Merrimack and Pawtucket Canals. The only remaining portions of the shop are on Dutton Street; a mill, constructed c. 1890 and c. 1910, and a reinforced concrete plant built in 1911 now cover the site of the Machine Shop boarding houses. The Proprietors of the Locks and Canals Yard, containing one and one-half and two-story buildings now used as offices and shops, are frame Italianate structures built in the 1850's to serve as the administrative headquarters for the canal system.
The Western Canal (#30), a mile long, originally ran northwesterly from the Pawtucket Canal to provide water power to the Tremont, Suffolk and Lawrence Mills. The construction of the Northern Canal changed its direction so that it now flows south from the Northern Canal to the Swamp Locks, but continues to flow north from the Tremont Gate House to power continued orm No. 10-300 Rev. 10-74 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED APR 6 1976 [DATE ENTERED AUG 13 1976 CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 7 & 8 PAGE 3 *2e Tremont, Suffolk and Lawrence Mi11s. he Pawtucket Dam (#32), built between 1826-1830 at the Pawtucket Falls, created a "mil. ond" on the Merrimack River eighteen miles long. The dam has been continually modified throughout the nineteenth century.
routing of water power and the production of textiles. The population of Lowell mush- roomed during this period, from 200 people in 1822 to over 33,000 in 1850. The engineering involved in the construction of the canals was extremely complex, and each new canal was built in an attempt to solve the problem of keeping all the mills supplied with a sufficient supply of power. The construction of the Northern Canal, the most com- plex of all because it reversed the flow of the Western Canal, finally increased the av- erage flow of water to each mill sufficiently to solve the distribution problem. The hydro-engineering breakthroughs of the canal engineers, including James Francis and George Whistler, received international acclaim and recognition, and their techniques were used worId-wide.
The sociological pattern of corporate paternalism in Lowell, manifested by the mill-owned boarding houses and strictly run social functions, also received inter- national recognition and served as a model for Utopian industrial communities in the United States and Europe. Unfortunately, Iowell's position as a leader in the field of science and as an ideal industrial society was lost in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The latter nineteenth century mill owners were more concerned about making a profit than in their workers' welfare and the waves of immigrants who poured into Lowell completed the de- struction of the boarding house system; speculative tenement flats became the norm.
In this century, when many of the major textile companies left the north to move south to cheaper power and labor sources, Lowell was left with huge empty mill buildings, a large canal system and a high level of unemployment. The entire city has been affected by this economic depression and most of the commercial, industrial and residential buildings in the district have deteriorated. Prospects for Lowell are now looking brighter. The State of Massachusetts, through the Department of Environmental Management, is in the process of acquiring all of the locks and canals and turning them into a state heritage park.
The Federal government is con- sidering the creation of an urban cultural park in Iowell, and Federal funds, through the Department of Housing and Urban Development and funds appropriated especially for Lowell are being expended to upgrade housing and to rehab existing mill buildings. New uses are being sought for the abundant mill space in the district, both in order to save the buildings and to provide jobs. Lowell Property ^ Locks and Canals Historic District Working Number 4.6.76.3027 M.ddesex State Mass TECHOESAL 2 t/ Need boundareis on sketeh map. The EXPEDITE CONTROI, 7,6.26 HISTORIAN Aecept w.R.lce called Christine - will send. 2/8/76 ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN Accapt Noluta 1-8970 ARCHEOLOGIST OTHER HAER Inventory C.5. 387. District kiotrricelly, and to be concistent with the official Review Accept Npon 3/2/76. for the propeny.
REVIEW UNIT CHIEF BRANCH CHIEF Cole 8|/26 KEEPER National Register Write-up Federal Register Entry 9-2-26 Send-back Re-submit Entered United States Department of the Interior National Park Service WASO No. 7 AUG 13 1976 INT:2106-74 INTERIOR United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20240 srch 3, 1849 IN REPLY REFER TO: H32(565) SEP 9 1980 Memorandum To: Acting Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places, Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service From: Federal Representative, National Park Service Subject: Additional Information on National Register Properties Enclosed are the continuation sheets for seven properties on the National Register that will eventually come under federal ownership. The informa- tion provided will assist in the management and compliance processes.
The Massachusetts' properties are: in "City Hall Historic District," Middlesex County - 0ld City Hall, The Agents' House, and in "Locks and Canals Historic District," Middlesex County - Merrimack Gate House, Francis Gate Complex, Tremont Gate House/Tremont Yard, Wannalancit Textile Company, and Dutton Street Parking Lot. Please add these sheets to your property files for further reference. Thank you for your assistance in this matter. 7. Ronkbdlands. F. Ross Holland, Jr. Enclosures JELPLE RECEIVED SEP 1 5 1980 NATIONAL' REGISTER Year of / Visitor Form No. 10-300a (Rev.
10-74) - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED SEP 1 5 1980 DATE ENTERED Locks and Canals CONTINUATION SHEETHistoric District ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 1 Merrimack Gate House Situated over the eastern terminus of the Moody Street Feeder, this rectangular one-and-one-half-story brick gate house was built in 1848- - The Merrimack Gate House extends approximately 60' along Dutton Street and the Merrimack Canal. Its southern facade faces Merrimack Street. The waters of the Moody Street Feeder flow through the three granite arches on which this structure rests. Its exterior walls are red brick laid in Flemish bond. The pitched roof is covered in slate shingles. Chimneys are situated at the ridge near the north and south end walls.
Stylistically, the Merrimack Gate House is a hybrid of the Italianate and Romanesque Revival styles. Its windows are insäted and round arched. The cornice features brick dentils. The date"1848"appears incised on its eastern foundation and in raised brick on the gable of its southern facade. There are three gates for the Moody Street Feeder housed within the Merrimack Gate The gates are original with the exception of the woodbox counterweights which were added in 18532. Structurally, the Merrimack Gate House is in good condition. Exterior and interior alterations date, with a few exceptions, from the early 1970s3. A doorway has replaced a window on the Merrimack Street facade. Other alterations include the addition of interior platforms, stairs, restrooms and a heating system.
At some point in the late- nineteenth or early-twentieth century the two original stoves disappeared and a vent was added to the center of the roof. 'Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbott, Lowell National Historical Park and Preservation District Cultural Resources Inventory, 1979, n.p. 2Merrimack Valley Textile Museum, afideH.A.E.R., Ihe Lower Merrimack River Valley, An Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Sites. p. 80, 1976. 3Roberts, Shelley K., Historic Structures Report-Merrimack Gate House, 1979 p.36. Francis Gate Complex The structures located at the head of the Pawtucket Canal, presently referred to as the Trentta Cete Copea, a clumed in 182 Pam oase Hated eearertoce cancl Housee and boat lock. The Guard Dam Gate House and Great Gate stand atop the dam. The Guard Locks Lock House which shelters the headgates is upstream of the dam at a lower level.
The Guard Dam Gate House, built in 18702, contains the controls to the sluice gates. The upstream side of the Guard Dam Gate House shelters five sluice gates, some of which retain their original lifting machinery. Although most of the openings in the brick portion of the building have been bricked in, much of the original fabric is intact and is in good condition. Form No. 10-300a (Rev. 10-74) . UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM Locks and Canals CONTINUATION SHEET Historic DistrictITEM NUMBER FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED SEP 15 1980 DATE ENTERED PAGE 2 The present guard dam may contain elements of the earlier dam (1832) which served the same purpose on this site. This rectangular structure is built of wood frame and is two stories tall.
The rest of the building is brick and a single story in height. Both portions display round headed openings and a plain freize and dentils at the cornice. A brownstone plaque set into the east end of the Gate House near the gable is inscribed: Guard Dam built A.D. 1832 Raised A.D. 1848 Sluice Gates reconstructed A.D. 1970 This Italianate/Romanesque structure culminates in chimneys situated at either end of the ridge roof. The slope of the roof features five small square skylights. Ihe Pawtucket Canal Guard Locks Lock House was built in 1881. This Lock House structure stands over the upstream pair of gates for the navigational lock. 4 The single-story Lock House is constructed of wood and is of an "I" shaped plan. It has a granite foundation and exterior walls faced with painted clapboards approximately four inches wide. The hipped roof is covered with slate shingles.
A hybrid of the Italianate and Romanesque Revival in style, the exterior walls of the Lock House are pierced by narrow round-arched openings. The chain and windlass equipment which assists in opening the navigational lock date from 1881. 5 The head lock gates are badly deteriorated. The Guard Locks Lock House has been severely vandalized in recent years, threatening the structural integrity of the southern end of the building. That end was built with long horizontal slots through the walls to accommodate the ends of the gate-lever beams. These beams have been broken and burned away. The navigation lock below the Lock House extends beneath the Francis Gate, ending at a downstream pair of gates which appear to be in good condition. 6 The Great or Francis Gate was built 1848-50 for the purpose of flood control. This portcullis gate is sheltered by a rectangular wood frame structure.
The Great Gate consists of 26 timbers, each 27' long and 17" wide, assembled in two separate sections held together by vertical iron rods. The wooden gate is suspended over the boat lock by an iron strap. ! Both the Great Gate and its shelter are in good condition. 1 Robbins, John, Historic Structure Report, Architectural Data, Pawtucket Canal Guard Gates, Locks and Great Gate and Northerh Canal: Guard Gates and Lock (NPS: February, 1980), pg. 54. Form No. 10-300a (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED SEP 1 5 1980 DATE ENTERED Locks and Canals CONTINUATION SHEET Historic District ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 3 Tremont Gate House/Tremont Yard 1. The Tremont Gate House is located at the point where the northern and western canals meet.
panaoamed the ftmeafunct1on n nce 1845 Lace a temporse iestarsslunce ga lad The gate house shelters sluice gates which control the flow of water into the lower level of the Western Canal which in turn feeds the Lawrence Canal. This diminutive one-story building is of a rectangular plan. It rests on a granite ashlar foundation. The gate house's exterior walls are constructed of red brick laid in common bond. The pitched roof is covered with slate shingles. Chimneys are at the ridge near the east and west ends. Access to the guard house's interior is gained via the narrow round-arched doorway on the western facade. Stylistically, the Tremont Gate House is a hybrid of the Italianate and Romanesque Revival styles. Its windows are insetted and round arched. The cornice features brick dentils. Structurally, the Tremont Gate House is in good condition.
The northern facade's wide round-arched doorways are boarded over. The slate shingles of the roof's southern slope are in need of replacement. 2. Tremont Yard is the site of the Tremont Mill complex which existed from 1831 until its demolition during the 1930s?. The western boundary of this rectangular parcel is Suffolk Street. To the east is Tremont Street. The southern boundary is adja- cent to the Tremont Gate House and railroad tracks. s Trenont Street. Foundations of buildings which pre- and post-date the 18623 reconstruction of the Tremont Mill complex are still evident as are traces of three tail races which date from the late 1860s4, the remains of a cloth shute, and the locations of hydrants from the mills' fire-fighting system. The Tremont Yard is presently framed on the east, north and west by the exterior walls of Mills No.
1, 9, 4 and 3 which have been reduced to a height of 5 to 6'. Mill No. 2 at the south end of the yard is also in ruins. Beneath the floor of Mill No. 2 are four Morgan-Smith 46" turbines for electric power which date from 1919-19245. Form No. 10-300a (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED SEP 1 5 1980 DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET Locks and Canals Historic District ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 3 a Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbott, Lowell National Historical Park and Preservation District Cultural Resource Inventory, Lowel1 Canal System, 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. Ibid. 6 Ibd. 7 Ibid., pg. 16 Form No. 10-300a (Rev.
10-74) - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED SEP 1 5 1980 DATE ENTERED CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 4 'Peter M. Molloy, editor. The Lower Merrimack River Valley. An Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Sites sponsored by Merrimack Valley Textile Museum, North Andover, Mass. and Historic American Engineering Record. National Park Service, Washington, D. C. 1976. p. 76. 2 Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbott, Lowe11 National Histortcal Park and Preservation District, Cultural Resource Inventory, prepared for Division of Cultural Resources, North Atlantic Regional Office, National Park Service. see volume entitled "Industital: Merrimack Manufacturing Company Site through Whipple's Mi11s and Wamesit Canal.
Research Report: Suffolk Manufacturing Co." rpp, 2 and 28. p. 14 4ibtd. p. 24 Sibid. p.28. Wannalancit Textile Company (Suffolk Manufacturing Company) Mill buildings formerly owned by the Suffolk Manufacturing Company occupy a large square parcel within Lowell's northwestern industrial district. The Suffolk site is bounded by Hall Street to the north, Suffolk Street to the east, the Northern Canal to the south and Cabot Street to the west. With the exception of the William J. Graham Company building (Suffolk Machine Shop) the eastern half of the Suffolk complex is owned by the Wannalancit Textile Company. This company leases the first floor of Mills No. 8 and 6 to the Lowell Museum. To the west of Wannalancit property are Suffolk buildings which are presently controlled by Stoney Brook Properties and Tewksbury Wood Products Company. These buildings include Mill No.
10 and its annex, Boiler House No. 2, and Building No. 12. The Wannalancit buildings are grouped around a large rectangular open yard which is parallel to Suffolk Street. Entrance and egress to the Suffolk Yard is provided by a passage defined by the §outhern wall of the Counting House and Mill No. 8's northern wall. Mill No. 8 and Mill No. 6 frame the southeastern corner of the yard. Mill No. 6 is parallel to the Northern Canal. The central portion of Mill No. 6's northern wall is abutted by Mill No. 5. Running from Mill No. 6 to Hall Street, Mill No. 5 forms the yard's western boundary. The former Suffolk Machine Shop and the Repair Shop portion of the Counting House enclose the yard's northeastern corner. The mills surrounding the Suffolk Yard display a uniformity of plan, materials, and height. These rectangular red brick buildings rise to a height of five stories.
Mill from 1862-1900- Its flat, simply detailed facades show the influence of the Federal Style. The majority of Suffolk buildings exhibit a surface plasticity characteristic of the Form No. 10-300a (Rev: 10-74) -UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED SEP 1 5 1980 DATE ENTERED Locks and Canals CONTINUATION SHEETHistoric District ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 5 Italianate style. Projecting from factory facades are brick segmental lintels and corbelled cornices. Particularly picturesque are the octagonal stair towers situated at the southeastern and northeastern corners of Mill No. 5. The towers' facades are ornamented with the curved forms of narrow round-arched openings and oculus windows in- settted in recessed eliptical panels. Below the cornice of the eastern facade of Mi11 No.
5's central pavillion are three granite plaques. these plaques Rebuilt 1862 in raised lettering, "Built 1831.... Suffolk Mi11s..- Placed at regular intervals, The Suffolk Complex has served as a manufacturing facility for almost one hundred and fifty years. The good condition of Suffolk Manufacturing Company buildings' exterior and interior fabric is probably attributable to the periodic maintenance which accompanies continuous occupancy. -Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson, and Abbott. Lowel1 National Historical Park and Preservation District Cultural Resource Inventory prepared for Division of Cultural Resources, North Atlantic Regional Office, National Park Service. See volume entitled Industrial: Merrimack Manufacturing Company Site through Whipples Mills and Wameset Cana1." Suffolk Mfg. Co. 1979 Research Report" pp. 14-29. 2Cornelia E. Wyma and Paul C.
Cloyd, Historic Structures Report Wahnalancit Textile Company, Lowell National Historical Park 1979. n.p. See Existing Conditions chapter- raises questions about traditional 1831 dates for the Counting House. Dutton Street Parking Lot The Dutton Street Parking Lot is a roughly trapezóidal parcel situated to the southeast of the Market and Dutton Streets intersection. The northern boundary of this asphalt- paved parking facility is in line with the southern wall of two brick additions which project from Bigelow Lowell Building #1. Its eastern and southern boundaries are demarcated by a chain link fence which separates the lot from Pandel Bradford and Pellon Corporation property. The eastern boundary is parallel to the Merrimack Canal.
A ten-foot-wide strip of Locks and Canals land is situated between the Dutton Street Parking Lot and the Merrimack Canal Entrance and egress to the lot is provided via a road which leads from Dutton Street into the southwestern portion of this site. To the immediate north of this entrance is a portion of the Lowell Machine Shop offices' western wall. This parking lot site and adjacent areas were covered by Lowell Machine Shop and Lowell Mavuda ctur asphamta someuine aft cahe 193mponents, mnd yang oaddeccs The lot was Accompanying this description are maps which show the locations of these earlier structures and features. Ighepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbott, Lowell National Historical Park and Preservation District Cultural Resource Inventory. Industftal: Lowell Machine Shop Site through Massic Falls Industrial Site. Lowell Machine Shop Research Report pg. 6. Form No. 10-300a (Rev.
TO-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED SEP 1 5 1980 DATE ENTERED Locks and Canals CONTINUATION SHEETHistoric District ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 1 Merrimack Gate House The Merrimack Gatehouse is a significant element of the district because it possesses a high degree of structural integrity. The exterior of the structure as well as the interior with its three original gates has changed only slightly since the mid-nineteenth century. Despite its rather diminutive scale, the Merrimack Gate House occupies a commanding position in the downtown streetscape. The effects of its canal-side site is maximized through considerable length compared to width and its crisp detailing (including locally unusual use of Flemish bond brickwork).
Francis Gate Complex The Francis Gate Complex is a key component of the Lowell Power Canal System. Since the mid-nineteenth century it has functioned as a power, navigation and flood control facility on the Pawtucket Canal. It is significant that a high percentage of original structural and mechanical fabric dating from 1848-1881 is still extant. The Francis Gate Complex has important historícal associations with James B. Francis. Francis was chief engineer and agent of the Proprietors of the Locks and Canals from 1834-1885. He designed the Francis Gate Complex's most famous feature, the Francis or Great Gate. Initially dubbed Francis' Folly upon its completion in 1850, the Great Gate saved the heart of the city from the great floods of 1852 and 1936 .
Francis gained international recognition for his improvement of water turbine design and the publication of Lowell Hydraulic Experiments (1855)3. He might well be called "the Father of American Hydraulic Engineering." The Francis Gate Complex was the last major hydraulic engineering project completed in Lowell during the Ante-bellum era. Merrimack Valley Textile Museum and Historic American Engineering Record. The Lower Merrimack River Valley, an Inventory of Historie Engineering and Industrial Sites. P. 71, 2Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbott. Lowel1 National Historical Park and Preservation District Cultural Resources Inventory. prepared for Division of Cultural Resources North Atlantic Regional Office, National Park Service. Industrial Lowel1 Canal System Volume . n.p. Pawtucket Canal North of Broadway. 3Arthur I. Eno, Jr. ed. Cotton was King, a History of Lowel1, Massachusetts.
p. 219 New Hampshire Publishing Company 1976. Form No. 10-300a (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED SEP 151980 DATE ENTERED Locks and Canals CONTINUATION SHEETHistoric District ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE The Dutton Street Parking Lot The Dutton Street Parking Lot has a high remains. From the 1820s until the 1930glPotential for yielding subsurface archeological -, Lowell Machine Shop and Lowell Manufacturing Company buildings covered portions of this site. Presumably, the foundations of machine shops, storehouses, and offices exist below ground. An understanding of 19th and early- century onsite activities would be fostered by the recovery of mechanical apparatus, tools and other artifact deposits associated with social and industrial activities.
This asphalt-paved parcel overlies, as well, components of the Lowell Power Canal se vas , Toe ion elutcea che 1930o8ur Thre penatocio She beneath ahe eneral atae , is covered for its entire 500' length. - Three penstocks lie beneath the central and southern portion of this lot. Immediately to the southeast of the junction of the Merrimack and Lowell Canals birectangular body of water labeled "basin" on an 1828 Lowel1 Manufacturing Company - A raceway lead from the basin to a sawmill. The sawmill was situated to the east of the present lot. The basin is of particular interest because it was aligned with a semicircular basin to the west of Dutton Street which was apparently designed for purely decorative purposes5. Al1 of these canal features are significant remnants of the important Lowell industrial power system which was one of the most elaborate and sophisticated ever developed.
In addition to being the physical remains of this his- torically important sytem, their configuration and characteristics probably contain important information about the construction, modification and maintenance of the canal system. 'Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbott. Lowel1 Nationa1 Historical Park and Preservation District Cultural Resource Inventory- Inventory Forms and Research Industrial: Lowell Machine Shop site through Massic Falls Industrial site. Lowel1 Machine Shop research report pp. 1-8. Lowel1 Manufacturing Co. research report pp. 1-19. Zibid, Industria1:_Lowe11 Canal System1 Lowel1 Cana1 System Research Report. p. 6. 3lbid, p. 1. 4Ibid. Industrial: Lowell Machine Shop site through Massic Falls Industrial site. Lowel1 Manufacturing Company Research Report Fig. 2. SIbid. Lowel1 Machine Shop Research Report Figure 3A. Form No.
10-300a (Rev 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTOR Y -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED SEP 15-1980 [DATE ENTERED Locks and Canals CONTINUATION SHEETHistoric District ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 2 Tremont Gate House/Tremont Yard 1. The Tremont Gate House, built in 18551 , is significant as a Lowell Power Canal System component which retains most of its mid-nineteenth century structural and mechanical fabric. The sluice gates equlpment 1s sheltered within the gate housed! manually operated rack and pinion Despite its diminutive scale, the Tremont Gate House occupies a commanding position on the southern perimeter of Lowell's northwestern industrial district. Its ivy- covered red brick southern wall, pierced by narrow round-arched openings, pictur- esquely presides over the Western Canal's northern terminus. 2.
Construction of the Iremont Mill buildings was begun in 18323 Construction of the Tremont M111 bulldings was begun in 1s vere ruring the 1860s, final phase of building on the Tremont site occurred in the 1890s The Tremont Millyard was demolished between 1929 and 1933° The significance of this site is its potential for yielding significant information. It could be developed as an interpreted industrial archeological site. The razed Tremont Yard is a perfect foil for the largely intact Suffolk Yard as its original configuration was essentially the mirror image of the adjacent Suffolk Complex. The Tremont site affords the opportunity to view features of a hydropower system (e.g. turbines and tail races) which were originally located under- ground. A similarly disposed and equipped hydropower system exists beneath the Suffolk millyard. 'Peter M. Molloy, editor.
The Lower Merrimack River Valley, an Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Sites. sponsored by the Merrimack Valley Textile Museum and Historic American Engineering Record. 1976. p. 77. 2ibid. p. 77 'Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbott. Lowel1 National Historical Park and Preser- vation District Cultural Resources Inventory- prepared for Division of Cultural Resources North Atlantic Regional Office, National Park Service. see volume-Industrial: Merrimack Manufacturing Co. Site through Whipple Mill and Wamesit Canal. Research Report: Suffolk Manufacturing Co. p.5. 4Ibid. p. 16. Sibid. p. 27. 61bid. p. 28. Form No.
10-300a (Rev: 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED SEP 1 5 1980 DATE ENTERED Locks and Canals CONTINUATION SHEETHistoric District ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 3 Wannalancit Textile Co. (Suffolk Mfg. Co.) From 1831 until 1926 the buildings currently occupied by the Wannalancit Textile Conpano zed in 102 e11 bulldung construcuon be a tn Che 4p C of 1928. During the 1860s the Suffolk and Tremont Yards were the scene of an ambitious rebuilding campaign. The modernized mills merged in 18725. Sold to the Nashua Manufacturing Company in 1926, the Suffolk Complex survived the 1930s essentially intact6. Edward A. Lartner, Jr., owner and president of the Wannalancit Mills has controlled most of the Suffolk Millyard since 1950'.
The Suffolk Complex is an important survivor of the initial phase of the American Industrial Revolution. It is the only Lowell mill still engaged in the manufacturing of textiles. Virtually every stage of the Suffolk Millyard's development is presently represented by buildings dating from 1831-19158. The Suffolk Mil1s have significant historícal associations with prominent nineteenth-century Boston and Lowel1 business leaders. Its founders included "Proper Bostonians" such as Amos and Abbott Lawrence, Samuel and William Appleton, Henry Cabot and George W. Lyman. 9 tocal pafent medicine tycoon James C. Ayer directed the Suffolk and Tremont's merger -Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson and Abbott. Lowell National Higtorical Park and Preservation District Cultural Resource Inventory. prepared for Division of Cultural Resources, North Atlantic Regional Office, National Park Service.
see volume entitled Wamesit Canal. Suffolk Mfg. Co. Research Report pgs. 2-28. 21bid. p8. 2. 1bid. pg. 2. 4ibid. pg. 14-25. S1b1d. pg. 25 6Ibid. pp. 28-31 ibid. p. 29 ®1bid. pp. 2,28. ibid. p.2. 1°1bid. p. 25. Joe Orfant, 1975 Towes and Canals Historic District, Iowell, MA City Development Authority, Lowell, MA looking northeasterly from the O'Donnell Bridge at the Northern Canal and the Canal Walk photo #1 a2 6 snedalesas co, mars.
APR 6 1976 AUG 13 PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER Lowll Locks and Canals Historic District, Lowell, MA Joe Orfant, 1975 CDA, 50 Arcand Drive, Lowell 1ooking southwest at the Swamp Locks Dam and Sluieway, in the Background is the 1890 plant of the Lowell Machine Shop photo #2 ~p 6 mndaleser/ co, ma APR 6 1976 AUG 13 1976 D-E PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER Locksland Canals Historic District, Lowell, MA Joe Orfant, 1975 CDA, 50 Arcand Drive, Lowell looking north from French Street Extension to the Tremont Gatehouse and the Suffolk Yard on the left photo # 316 middlesas Co.
mars DOE AUG 13 1976 APR APR 6 1A7R 1976 PROPERTY OF THE NATTONAL REGISTER Docks and Canals Historic District, Iowell, MA Joe Orfant, 1975 CDA, 50 Arcand Drive, Lowell looking north on Suffolk Street to the Sufiolk Yard on the left, the Lawren ce County House : in the background, and the Tremont Jard on the right photo #4 fC medalesef co. mass. APR 6 1976 AUG 13 1976 DOG PROPERTY OF THE NATONAL REGISTER Locksand Canals Historic District, Lowel1, MA Joe Orfant, 1975 CDA, 50 Arcand Drive, Lowel1 looking south at the sluiceways gatehouse at the Francis Gate site photo #5 a16 meddladco. smams. APR 6 1976 medalesap Ce. mars. AUG 13 1976 Doc PROPERTY OF THE NATOKAL REGISTER zomll Locks and Canals Historic District, Lowell, MA Joe Orfant, 1975 CDA, 50 Arcand Drive, Lowel1 looking northwest from Broadway at the Western Canal photo #0 aL6 Snicalesex co. mass.
APR 6 1976 AUG 13 1976 DOE PROPIRTY OF THE RATIOCAL DEGISTER Locks and Canals Historic District Lowell, MA. Joseph R. Orfant 1976 Massachusetts Historical Commission 294 Washington St., Boston, MA. Looking east at Locks and Canals Yard office block Photo #7 middlesas co snen PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL REGIST Locks and Canals Historic District Lowel1, MA. Joseph R. Orfant 1976 Massachusetts Historical Commission 294 Washington Street, Boston, MA. Looking southeast (across Western Canal) to the Locks and Canals Yard, Blacksmith shop. Photo #8 mdaleex co.mar MOPERTY OF THE NATIOKAL REGISTL Locks and Canals Historic District Jowell R. Orfant 1976 Joseph Massachusetts Historical Commission 294 Washington St., Boston, MA. Looking northeast across the Locks and Canals Yard to Market St. Photo #9 medalea co., mas ICPERTY OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER Locks and Canals Historic District Lowel1,MA.
Joseph R. Orfant 1976 Massachusetts Historical Commission 294 Washington Street, Boston, MA. Looking southwest across Market St. to the office block of the Locks and Canals Yard. Photo #10 madlec cu, man LICOPERTY OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER PAUL GUZZI of the Commonwealth The Commonwealth of Massackusetts Cffice of the Secretary Massachusetts Historical Commission 294 Mashington Sreet Boston, Massachuselts 02108 (617) 727-8470 July 26, 1976 60 Mat onal legister of Historic PLaces Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation National Park Service Department of the Interior Washington D.C. 20240 27 RECEIVED JUL 30 1976 NATIONAL REGISTER Dear Ray: Enclosed is a map of the Locks and Canals District in Lowell, this time complete with boundaries! Sorry I forgot them the first time. If you have any further questions, give me a call.
Cordially, Chustre Christine Boulding Preservation Planner Massachusetts Historical Commission THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES DATE REC'D JUL 3 0 1976 INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE (ATTACHED) INFERM TIVE M.VENIAL SENT TELEPHONE CALL (ATTACHED) DATE ACTION TAKEN INITIALS ENTRIES IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER STATE MASSACHUSETTS Date Entered AUG 13 1976 Name Location Old Town House Bowelt Locia and Cenale Historle District Marblehead Essex County Lowe11 Middlesex County Richaud, candt to no Also Notified Hon. Edward M. Kennedy Hon. Edward W. Brooke Ion. Michael J. Harrington Hon. Paul Isongas Reglonal Director, North Atlantie Region PR MMott/row 8/16/76 State Illetoric Preservation Officer Mra. Ellzabeth R.
Amadon Executive Director Massachusetts Ilistorical Cormiasion 294 Washington Street Boston, Massachusetta 02108 INT: 2950-75 PAUL GUZZI of the Commonwealth The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Office of the Pecretary Massachuselts Historical Commission 294 Mashington Sreet Boston, Massachusetts 02108 (617) 727-8470 hiddleao Co. August 23, 1976 Mr. Charles Herrington Chief of Registration National Register of Historic Places National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 18th and C Streets, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20240 Re: Locks and Canals Historic District, Lowell Dear Charles: I am writing to advise you that the name of Locks and Canals Historic District, Iowell was listed incorrectly in the notice of acceptance (listed 8/13/76). The district should not be referred to as the Iowell Iocks and Canals Historic District.
The proper name, as it appears on the nomination form, is the Locks and Canals Historic District. The name is derived from the name of the company responsible for the development of the locks and canals. Thank you for your kind attention to this matter. Sincerely, Pat Patricia L. Weslowski Survey Director Massachusetts Historical Conmission PIW/pg United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 1849 C Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20240 DETERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY NOTIFICATION National Register of Historic Places National Park Service Name of Property: Pawtucket Dam Location: Middlesex County State: MA Request submitted by: Robert J.
Fletcher, Chief, Land Resources Branch, Division of Hydropower Administration and Compliance, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Date received: 09/26/2011 Additional information received 10/24/2011 Opinion of the State Historic Preservation Officer: X Eligible _Not Eligible _No Response _Need More Information Comments: The Secretary of the Interior has determined that this property is: X Eligible Applicable criteria: A and C _Not Eligible Comment: See attached two page Determination of Eligibility Notification for detailed comment.
Caual AShule Keeper of the National Register Date: 10-26-11 DETERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY NOTIFICATION National Register of Historic Places National Park Service Name of Property: Pawtucket Dam Location: Middlesex County State: MA The Pawtucket Dam, a masonry dam built in 1847 and 1875 at the Pawtucket Falls of the Merrimack River in Lowell, MA, is eligible for and listed in the National Register of Historic Places for its historic and engineering significance under National Register of Historic Places Criteria for Evaluation A and C as a contributing structure in the nationally significant Lowell Locks and Canals Historic District. The Pawtucket Dam is located in the Lowell Locks and Canals Historic District, the Lowell National Historical Park, and the Lowell Preservation District, in Lowell, MA.
The Lowell Locks and Canals Historic District was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1976, at the national level of significance for its historic and engineering importance under National Register Criteria A, B, and C, and the historic district was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 22, 1977. The establishment of the Lowell National Historical Park further confirmed the national importance of Lowell and the park was listed in the National Register on June 5, 1978. The Lowell Historic Preservation District was listed in the National Register on January 19, 2001. (1) The Lowell Locks and Canals Historic District is nationally significant as America's first great industrial city.
In Lowell, new forms of technology, power generation, finance, labor, and industrial organization were combined on a scale that portended today's industrialized and urbanized society. During its heyday, based upon the power of harnessed water, Lowell developed into the cotton textile manufacturing center of the United States. By 1850 almost six miles of canals traversed the city, driving the waterwheels of 40 mill buildings, powering 320,000 spindles and almost 10,000 looms and giving employment to more than 10,000 workers. These canals depended on water drawn from the Merrimack River, and the Pawtucket Dam played (and continues to play) a pivotal role in providing water to the canals located within this nationally significant historic district.
Both the National Register of Historic Places Nomination - Inventory form and the documentation prepared to designate the Lowell Locks and Canals Historic District a National Historic Landmark describe the Pawtucket Dam as a significant contributing feature of the 1 nationally significant historic district. The Pawtucket Dam retains integrity of location, design, setting, material, workmanship, feeling, and association and the alterations to the dam, including the fish ladder built adjacent to the dam in 1985 and in-kind repairs to the dam over time, have not destroyed the dam's historic integrity nor impaired its ability to convey its important role in the industrial history and engineering significance of Lowell during the historic district's defined period of significance.
FERC has requested that the National Register evaluate whether the Pawtucket Dam is individually eligible for the National Register in addition to being eligible as a contributing structure in the historic district. Under Federal law and regulations no distinction is made between properties determined individually eligible for the National Register and those determined eligible as contributing to a historic district.
The Pawtucket Dam is significant as an element of an integrated historic industrial process which includes dams, canals, gates, locks, mill yards, machine shops, and managers and workers housing, which form perhaps the most historically significant extant collection of 19" century industrial buildings and structures in the country, and as such, the dam should not be evaluated individually apart from its functioning as a highly significant and integral component of a larger nationally important historic resource. (1) At the time the National Register Registration form and the National Historic Landmark documentation were prepared for the historic district (1976-1977), National Park Service registration forms did not have blanks to check concerning the criteria under which the property was being nominated, but the guidance did instruct that areas of significance be selected and justified.
The National Register form specifies that the historic district was nominated under the National Register areas of significance of "Commerce," "Industry," 'Transportation" and "Engineering." Commerce, Industry, and Transportation are associated with National Register Criterion A, and Engineering is associated with National Register Criterion C. Criterion C encompasses both architecture and engineering significance (see the National Register Criteria for Evaluation and National Register Bulletin, How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation). Criterion B applies for the district's association with the lives of individuals significant in the development of Lowell. The National Historic Landmark form for the historic district indicated that it was nominated under the areas of significance of Engineering and Industry. CarulsShall Carol D.
Shull, Interim Keeper National Register of Historic Places 10/26/2011 2 Kiahioa ma coald Between Middlesex NAL REGISTER DA DAIA SHEET Historic District Iowell Locks and Cenals Historie District 8/13/76 017 vicinity G EGION St.and the Merrimack River North Atlantic owell poublic/sth rivate Middlesex JADMI *STATE c.
125 x *good Ofair Junexposed Ounexeavated ESS OYES-Restricted EAS OF SIGNIFICANCE CARCHEOLOGY - prehistoric -2 XCOMMERCE -6 -ARCHEOLOGY - historic-1 - COMMUNICATIONS -7 DAGRICULTURE -3 - CONSERVATION - 8 -ARCHITECTURE-4 - ECONOMICS- 9 -ART-5 - EDUCATION-10 Dunaltered Oreconstructed Oexcavated YES -Unrestricted - No Access *ENGINEERING-11 CENTERTAINMENT-26| -EXPLORATION - 12 - HEALTH-27 X INDUSTRY - 13 CINVENTION -14 original site Omoved Cunknown - Unknown -LANDSCAPE ARCH.- 15 C LAW - 16| - LITERATURE - 17 - MILITARY- 18| - MUSIC - 19 - PHILOSOPHY - 20| ONOT INTACT-O ©UNKNOWN-4 EO NO APRLCABELE-7) ) ADAPTIVE USE DOYES CONOE SAVED? OYES - POLITICS/ GOVT." 21 CRECREATION -28 C RELIGION- 22 C SETTLEMENT-29 - SCIENCE - 23| CURBAN PLANMING-31 - SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN-24 D OTHER (SPECIFY) * SOCIAL / CULTURAL-30 C TRANSPORTATION -25 @dates of initial construction: 1TorKoth c.
major alterations: historic events: C NOT INTACT-O CONOT -0 !CUNKNOWN-5 EO NOT APPLICABLE-8 -6 WONOT APPLICABLE - 9 IS PROPERTY A HISTORIC DISTRICT*%yes Ono 2CLAIMS: explain "first'O 'oldest' O 'only' 0 3functions WHEN HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT: industrial area CURRENTLY: industrial area, park architectural style(s): @landscape arohiteot / garden designer: @intorior decorator. ©architect: master builder: artist: ®artisan: ETHNIC GROUP ASSOCIATION prgrant loer: James Francis; George Whistler builder/contractor: NAMES give role & date PERSONAL: Praneis Cabot Lowel1 - pioneer cotton manuracturer for whom elty naneds partner of founders of mannfrecduring development EVENTS: Patrick Tracy Jackson & partners who established Lowel] as major industrial city, c.
182a Nathan Appleton INSTITUTIONAL: Proprietors of the locks and Canals on the Merrimack River; Merrinack Manufacturing Company MNATIONAL REGISTER WRITE-UP Area encompassing the city's ter principal canals (170)N1848), locks, gatehouees, dams, geven extant mill yards, boardine houses, vorkers row housing, andhotter related atructures, flueat/df1ok and fyame; considerable intact machinery. Core of leading early Anerican manufacturing city whereftechnical and social innovations evolved whieh influonced the growth of Nfertcan Industrial econonys internationally acclained for hpdrorengineering innovaftons and corpórate paternalism; reached peak production levels in thef amia goet amt dec1ined Jorom a as ma.jor reviewers initials. text1e compandes moved to the south.
36 06:130MÅL SPACE NEEDED.NUMBER& PUT ON REV LOWELL LOCKS AND CANAL HISTORIC DISTRIGE (Resource Name) MIDDLESEX (County) STATUS: 1. MISSING- 2. REMOVEDI DEMOLISHED 3. NHL I \ 4. TR 5. MRA. EXPLANATION: 1. Missing Status: Entire Folder ( ); Nomination ( ); Map(s) ( ); Photos ( ) Available on: Microfiche ( ); Optical Disk () 2. (Cause for removal) 3. (NHL Name, if different than NRHP Name) 4. 6. OVER- SIZED 76001972 (Reference Number(s]) MASSACMUSETTS (State) 5/ 23/ (Date form completed) STRENKO (Completed by) T. NPS -- UNDOCUMENTED 8. DOE - OWNER OBJECTION 9. RESTRICTED (Date Removed) / / (Date Designated) (If multi-state/county TR, state/county where filed and location) (TR or MRA Name) 6.
(If multi-state/county MRA, state/county where filed and location) (Location of oversize file) / (Current source of partial documentation) (Target Date): COMMENTS: (Where found, or source of replacement) (Date Found/Replaced) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE National Register of Historic Places Locator Card WASO 21 JAN.
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