BlockThe nomination, in full
Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.
80000543 FORM A - AREA SURVEY MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston - - - - - Form numbers in this area Area no. 143-5-1 2. Photo (3x3" or 3x5') Staple to left side of form Photo number 1. Town Worcester Name of area (if any) Harding: Winter Streets Manufacturing District 3. General date or period 1870-1906 4. Is area unitorm (explain): in style? no (varied Victorian industri: in condition? no (deteriorated to good) Roll 25 in type of ownership? yes (private) in use? yes (conmercial/industrial) 5. Map. Use space below to draw a general map of the area involved. Indicate any historic properties for which individual reports are completed on Forms B thru F, using corres- ponding numbers. Show street names (including route numbers, if any) and indicate north. Indicate with an "x" existing houses not inventoried on Form B. WATER 1A ST.
1 3 NINTER HARDING N DO NOT WRITE IN THIS SPACE USGS Quadrant MHC Photo no. 1B 4 ST (over) 6. Recorded by S. Lee, ed. B.R. Pfeiffer Organization_ Worc. Heritage Pres. Soc. Date December 1977 UTM Revised March 1979 19/269450/4682040 5M-7-75_D0611EE 7. Historical data. Explain the historical/architectural importance of this area. Description: The Harding " Winter Streets Manufacturing District contains group of 3-to 6-storey brick factory buildings built between 1870 and 1898. The area is bounded on the suth by Pond Street, on the west by Harding Street, on the east by Water Street and on the north by the rear lot lines of factories on the north side of Winter Street between Harding and Winter Streets.
These boundaries were selected to include the major nineteenth century factory buildings of a once extensive manufacturing district which extended eastward Irom here along Franklin and Grafton Streets. The construction of Interstate Route 290 in the 1970s and the decline of manufacturing in Worcester's center have left his larger district fragmented; the Harding & Winter Streets Districtratains all of its nineteenth century factories. preserving the atmosphere of many of Worcester's now vanished industrial quarters. Buildings include in the district are (numbers correspond to those on the map -reverse side): 28 Water Street--J.H.& G.M. Walker Shoe Factory; built 1870, enlarge 1079, ca.
1095 The Walker Shoe Factory is a 45-storey brick factory, rising from a high basement to a low-pitched rooi- building's åide walls are divided into bays of equal width with the exception of the bays over paired entries on the east elevation. original section of this building (section 1 on map) was doubled in size by an addition to its porth wall in 1879 (section 1A on map); during the 1890s, a second addition was added to the building's south. end (section 1B on map). Of the same construction and feaestration as the rest of the building, this second addition extends four bays and has a flat roof. Inmediately west of the Walker Factory is a smokestack, apparently original to the 1870 building, which was equipped with two fifty-horsepower engines. The J.H. & G.M. Walker Shoe Company was formed in 1862 when the two Walker brothers separated from their father's firm.
The new company was first located on Front Street; by 1868 the Walker brothers had become so successful that they had opened a tannery in Chicago (Walker, Oakley & Co.): In 1870, the company built its Water Street factory, enlarging it in 1879. By 1880, more than 300 employees 8. Bibliography and/or references such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, (cont'd.) early maps, etc. Worcester Illustrated Business Guide (1001), p- 150 (Walker Co.--illus. & article); p. 151 (Heywood Co.--illus. & atticle). Worcester's Columbian Tribute (1893), p. 100 (photo--Hill Envelope Factory). notice--IIII Envelope ractory). Engineering Record, Vo1.XXXII, 6/22/1895, p. ix (building notice-- Machiseeeusteingl, 1898, DD. 778-779(Vazor), p= 517 (0s-. Washburn, C- Industrial Worcester, pP. 239-240 (Heywood Co.). 7.
INVENTORY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Commmity : Worcester Form No: 143-G-1 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Office of the Secretary, Boston 2. Property Name: Harding a winter treets Manufacturing District Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued below. widely in the Water Street factory producing heavy boots which were sold by company agents in the American West. As one of the city's first large-scale boot manufacutrers, the v.H- å Gol. Walker Company served as a training ground for at least 23 local shoemakers later became independent manufacturers. In 1888, the Walker Company was bought out by F.W. Blacker who continued making the "Walker Boot" in a different location. 2. T3 Winter Street--J.H. & G.M Walker Storehouse, built 1070. The Walker Storehouse is a two and one-half storey brick building with a low-pitched roof.
The building is over 30 bays long with evenly spaced windows set in frmaes with arched heads. The winter Street facade is set at an irregular angle to the structure's side walls; in addition, its northeast corner is bevelled. Mear the structure's southwest corner, the west elevation curves inward, following the curve of Harding Street. According to local business guides, building (50' x 200') was built as a "storehouse for aging boots." Although some windows have been closed and parts of the structure are in need of repair, the buildirg is basically unaltered. 2A. 69 Winter Street--J.H. & G.M. Walker Office, built 1070, tor two stories added 1890s (?). - The former Walker Company Office is a three-storey brick building with a roof that slopes from front to back (north to south). The facade is made up of four bays which are framed st each end of the facade by brick piers.
Windows of the second and third stories are set in undecorated frames with arched The first storey of the facade contains a storefront this structure was one-storey high with a flat roof and stepped in the 1890s. 68-80 Winter Street--Wachusett Building (now Heywood Building), built 1879, anlarged 1894, 1905, 1907 1913. The Wachusett Building is a large brick factory of 4½ and 5½ storey height with elevations of 26 bays and 28 bays facing Winter Street and Harding Street respectively. Throughout, the structure rises from a high basement to a narrow brick cornice and flat roof; windows are all 6/6 set in undecorated frames with arched brick heads. As completed in 1879, the Wachusett Building consisted of a main block fronting on Winter Street (140' x 40') with two rear wings (51' and 45' long).
Through- out the building was 3½ stories high, with a pitched roof and evenly spaced skylights. Centered over the facade was a low pedimented gable wnich bore a granite placque inscribed "Wachusett Building--1879." (This placque remains in approximately its original position.) By 1898, the pitched roof had been removed and an extra storey and flat (cont'a.) Staple to Inventory form at bottom 7. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Office of the Secretary, Boston 3. Worcester 143-G- 1 Harding å Pr9p8YNarhracturing Winter District Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued belaw. roof added. In subsequent adcitions, the lacace was extendea east by the addition of eight bays, the Harding street rear wing was extended by the addition of 17 bays, and extensive rear wings were built in the court behind the factory.
In further storey was added to the eastern 18 bays of the Winter Street the wonter street facade. All major additions and alterations were made to accommodate the growing business of the s. R. Heywood & Co., Boot Manufacturers. Samuel R. Heywood, original owner of the Wachusett Building, came to Worcester in 1855, and worked in the wholesale_boot and shoe business Of E.A. Goodnow, which he purchased in 1856. In 1864, Heywood begar to manufacture boots and shoes. In 1873, the firm took the name of 8. R. Heyvood & Co. Having begun with the manufacture of boots, the Heywood Company began to make finer grades of shoes in the 1880s and by 1899 had switched over exclusively to shoe-making.
During its major period of growth, the company was operated by samuel Heywood, who operated it until his death in 1913- Between 1913 and 1941, the lirm remainea in the possession of the Heywood family; after 1941, shoe manufacturing ceased in this factory, although the company maintained a shoe outlet here until 1961. 4 De18 a ter Sttect -12 r1 Be Coopay Faotots a four Bnd oruller &: Delano, architects. half storey brick building with a flat roof. The building rises from a rock-faced granite plinth and has elevations which front on Harding, Pond and Water Streets. The extarion of the building is utilitarian in design with regularly space windows of 12/12 sash set in frames with arched heads; many windows retain original iron fire shutters. The ma jor facade of the building is on Harding Street and is syrmetrical.
Originally, this facade had a shallow central court above the first storey; this court was filled in with brick construction in the late 1890s or early 1900s. Ihroughout, the factory has a corbelled arnice. The Hill Envelope Company traced its origins to Dr. Russell Hawes, who invented an envelope folding machine in 1846. Hill entered Hill, Devoe & Co. (the descendant firm of Hawes's business), which was then located on Graftonstreet. became sole owner of the business eool corortein1892acd in , becreone of. several Worcester envelope companies which were merged into the newly formed U.S. Envelope Company. As late as 1970, the firm remained in this building. (cont'd.) Staple to Inventory form at bottom 7. INVENTORY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Commmity : Worcester Form No: 143-G-1 MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Office of the Secretary, Boston 4.
Harding & Winter P5998YsNiufacturing District Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued below. 5. 63-65 Winter Street, Abraham Isracl Factory, built 1895, Earle & Fisher, architects. The Israel Factory is a three-storey brick factory, rising irom a high basement to a Ilat roof- The Winter lacade oi the building contains two entries (one at each end oi facade), both of which retain original panelled doors. Set between these entries are two display windows (partially blocked), each containing a transom with art-glass fanlight. Fenestration the second and third stories and of the Harding Street elevation is largely regular, made up of 6/o windows Bet in BrLoe upzousd w1 of arched heads and rock-faced granite sills.
Ihis factory was built for Abraham Israel, an immigrant who came to Worcester in 1883 and worked as a pedlar until 1890 when he established an underwear factory. From 1895 to 1898, Israel manufactured underwear here, maoving to larger quarters on Water Street afterward. 6. 82-88 Winter Street, Worcester Stained Glass Works, built 1898. The Worcester Stained Glass Works is a three-storey brick building with a flat roof. a bend storefronts (partially blocked) with simple, undecorated posts and a pressed metal cornice. The upper stories contain evenly spaced windows (mostly blocked) set in brick surrourds, with arched heads and granite sills. At the roof line is a pressed metal cornice.
Between 1898 and 1941, this building was occupied by the Worcester firm which had been founded in 1884 by David ba kcn thc c m và sui Bý 1a t lcnh ang tan ta e y10, Among the firm's known work were windows for St. Anne's and the Park Congregational Churches, as well as windows for the residences of C.H. Hutchins, A.H. Hammond, and J.A. Calvin. Significance: Located immediately east of the former Blackstone Canal bed (which was filled in to create Harding Street--ca. 1050s) the Harding & Winter Streets Manufacturing District was a major local center of boot and shoe marufacturing in the 1880s when that industry grew to become the city's third largest industry. Of the 2,633 persons employed in and shoe-making in 1885, nearly a quarter worked in the Heywood and Walker Factories.
Even after the sale of thewalker Company, the area remained the citylby largest shoe manufacturing center due to the continued growth of the Heywood Company, the city's largest shoe manufacturer during the 1890s and early twentieth century. In the Staple to Inventory form at bottom (cont'd.) 7. INVENTORY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Commmity: Form No: MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Worcester 143-G - 1 Office of the Secretary, Boston 5. Peoperty Harding & Winter treets Nwanufacturing District Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued below. early 1890s, the construction of the Hill Envelope Factory brought to the area one of the city's largest and oldest envelope manufacturers.
After the closing of the Walker company and during the 1090s, a number Of small businesses were located in the area, Underwear Factory and Worcester Stained Glass Works, providing she area with a variety of manufacturers which was characteristic of the city's over-all pattern of industrial development. Staple to Inventory form at bottom INVENTORY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMISSION Office of the Secretary, Boston 6. Commumity: Worcester Form No 143-2- roperty Name: Haraing - winte treots Manufacturing Districi Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued below. 7. Address 48 water st. 63-55 Winter St. 67-69 Winter st. 70-72-74 Winter St. 76-80 Winter St. 82-84-86-88 Winter St. 73 Winter St. (includes 28 Water st.) Assessors' Data usco mc de Boo3218,13 s9. st. Book 4, p. 20 Lot 20--3,335 sg. it. Book 4, p. 20 Lot 22--2,448 sq. ft. Book 4, p.
16 Lot 32--12,433 sq. ft. Present Owner 3NA L Chevalier Furniture Co. In Hyman Cotton 63 Winter Street same i. & H. Realty Co. c/o Supreme Coat Co. 70 Winter Street Book 4, p. 16 Lots 31, 31A--4,090 sq. It- Book 4, P. 16 Lot 30--5,754 sq. ft same Book 4, p 20 Lot 1--32,642 sq. It. Leon frust Co. 84 Winter Street Expressway Realty Trust 73 Winter Street Staple to Inventory form at bottom Propert Warcester Multple Resonue Aua (Partial Laventany) State MA (Warcester ~ working Number 8. 30. 79. 2060 TECHNICAL CONTROL Photos 383 +13 Maps 2,63 Exceelent multyle resource somesation for the extire cely HISTORIAN of Worceofer. Both the general descrytion e statement o Cael/Acapt individual invertony sheet are Lightiee excheded e meel 4 reasone pposction is ligh properties are lited on arlached shets.
comam vi/h Bmsés ummento 16-CBD-", "7-E, and 130-CBD-50 ad It inngaty wi fo bondoie m se sdilesed PRCHEOLOGIS 16-CBD- 14 - atot , comned thu 15 - Ce pema emurane a ca yorient se aal id ine - Period 5 WITh 3 EXCERTONS AU PROPENTICS APPEAN TO ME TO MEET AK CRITERIN AND THE OTHER FORUS ARE ADEQUATE RSO BOTH TECHNLALL ANO TO PETERMINE SIÇNIFLANCER ACLEDT ALMOWH SOME OF TVE FORMS DID NOT CONTAN STRONK STATEMENS IF SIGNIFICANKE TEE KESOURCE CHTEGONIES WERE TROROWLALY DISCUSSED IN THE BODY OF MHE NONUNATION; 2/2888 THEREFBRE SIGNIFICANCE MAS ESTABLiSHED. VBDS WERE NOT NECESSARY BELNSE O THE SCHLE MAPSARD CLEARLY DELNEATTE BOUNNARICS . ALRENGE WAS MLISSING DIU SAMCE PROPENTES BUT MIS MOW INCLLDED AFTER TBE 2/11/ CORRELTONS. HAER THE ONLY PROPERTIES THST I DO NOT RECOMMENA LASTING ARE Inventory - - 1/6-CBD-/3-DESMOYCOBYFIRE MO -1O CBD-!I Review 130-CBD-44- PDES.
NOT RETMN INTEGRITY FOR INDI VDUKB ELGIBILITY v102-L-3 I DEISA, DAU BET CONVINLER ABOUT BOUNDARLES REVIEW UNIT CHIEF BUT BELLEUE MEY DOUCA BE OK. IFBASEN DN ADDITONAL DOCULLENTATON SUBMITTED - / DEPER JUDLEMENT. Recommerd Listine propartres sescept these 3. Return 116-CBD- to Stute not etegible) Retum 102-L-3 to State for corectem; "ato derauss futta) W/NR +state. DUBIE g BRANCH CHIEF 3/3/81 HOLD 130-CBD -44 for info from stute DUBIE Staff conferenu 3/5/80 -agued to actioi as zuted belrroi 16-CBD-11 (official notfirati of also titSsEE 34380 REPOT National Register Write-up Federal Register Entry - Send-back Entered Re-submit KEEPER Soldhe 3/5/80 MAR 5 1980 United States Department of the Interior - Heritaqe Conservation and Recreation Service Plastics Unlimited SHEETS - RODS - TUBES BURL HEYWOOD BUILDING LEON by Ben JUN 1 Hesding 1.43-1121AV6 1974 + Winterst.
4t.0 68-80 Winter St veroster MRA, Ma Bouth elvation by Berkey ige Prints JUN 1979 JUN 1979 ntS by Berl ey JUN 1 estige Hadting+ Wintest. .lfip. 143-6.70 AUG 1970 69 Wentr F. East & Narth elevation +122- GRAFTON JUN 1979, Prestige Prints by Berkey 143-8-/ Htaseling+ winto 3 0 AUG 1979 63-65 Wenter St. warcester mRA, Ma North elwation by Berkey estige nts JUN 1979 Kkodigt 143 - G-D AUG 1979 intom st. H.D. 73 Wenter St. Wereester MN East & North elevation Xesueg Kq JAN 1978 90 AUG 1979 143-G-1 Herdliret hintestreets H.D. 23 Uaten St. elvation Plastics Unlimited SHEETS - RODS - TUBES BURLAP ATLANTIC BAG COINC ICOTTON EON PPLY CO. lesale GROCERS ON SUPPLY CO. RENT 756-8768 ONE WAY LEDN SUPPLY CO. WHOLESALE GROCERS PAPER JOBBERS K&K GAF BRAKES WHEEL AL AUG 1979 143-G-1 RAMG 82-88 Wenter St. tarding thinter strets.
It.D Sauth 4 Eaxt elevatian by Ben nts JUN 1979 CHEVALIER PURNITURE SHOMROOWS SHOWROOMS 143.G-1 Herh + heintost ManFeertesik D AUG 1979 48 Water Sti ereogter MRA Westr sonth eluáhion Please refer to the map in the Multiple Property Cover Sheet for this property Multiple Property Cover Sheet Reference Number: 64000304