BlockThe nomination, in full
Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.
FORM A - AREA SURVEY MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Oifice of the Secretary, State House, Boston - - Form numbers in this area Area no. 152-3-1 1. Town Worcester Name of area (if any) 2. Photo (3x3" or 3x5") Staple to left side of form Photo number 3. General date or period Clark University - National Register District 1887-1910 - Rolls 12 & 15 Lfs. 4. Is area uniform (explain): in style? no (mixed Victorian)' in condition? yes (excellent) : . in type of ownership? Jes (Clark Universit in use? yes (Clark University) 5. Map. Use space below to draw a general map of the area involved. Indicate any historic properties for which individual reports are completed on Forms B thru F, using corres- ponding numbers. Show street names (including route numbers, if any) and indicate north. Indicate with an "'x' existing houses not inventoried on Form B.
Assessors'Book 8, Bage 3, Lot 1 327,167 sqoft. (607,634 sq.ft. in Tax exempt book) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS SPACE USGS Quadrant MHC Photo no. .viocovE. (over) W. & M. Seaman 6. Recorded by ed. B.R. Preifler Organization Worc. Heritage Pres. Soc. Date* February 1978 UTM: 19/267110/4681290 5M-7-75_0061165 7. Historical data. Explain the historical/architectural importance of this area. Description: The area included in this nomination has been selected to Include the University's pre-World War I buildings, particularly those donated by Jonas Clark, the school's founder and those built during the tenure of Go Stanley Hall, the university's first president. Boundaries have also been selected to include landscaped portions of the original campus which form a central plaza in Iront of Clark Hall.
Land included 269,000 square Ieet which is a portion of Lot I of Worcester Assessors' Book 8, page 3; for a detailed plan of the nominated area see map 152, which has been submitted with the Worcester Multiple-Resource National Register Nomination. Buildings which stand in the Clark University National Register District are: 1- Clark Hall, built 1007 (Stephen Earle, architect)- Clark Hall is a four-storey brick bullding of symmetrical plan (114' x 204') with a five-storey central pavilion and clock tower. The structure rests on a Upper stories and arched window heads (third and fifth stories). Extending around the building above its cornice is an iron cresting. In 1924 the original upper part of the clock tower collapsed; the structure was rebuilt in the manner of the original, but to a slightly lower height.
At the time of the re- building a granite arch and fanlight were removed from above the three windows at the tower's base. Nearly astylistic and unlike other local university buildings of its period, Clark Hall was nominally designed by Stephen Earle of Worcester; however, Earle's biography and other sources claim that Earle merely Clark in the building's design and that Clark wished the building to be easily adapted to industrial uses, should the school fail. Containing 90 rooms originally, Clark Hall housed the university's main offices, Library, gymnasium and classrooms until the early twentleth century separate, specialized buildings began to be constructed. university's development, Clark Hall has remained the center of its campus. 2. Laboratory Building, built 1000 (Stephen Earle, architect)- The Laboratory Building is a brick structure of irregular plan, two and thre tories high.
Of utilitarian design, the bullding's trim is limited to stone window sills, and a stone belt course above the building's high (cont.) 8. Bibliography and/or references such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records, early maps, etc. Worcester Historical Society. Biographical file (Clark, Earle and Hall obits) Saninoor ng and su Yo 0rd 1 0i1421/ddin, pott craddnotico Laboratory Building) Clark University Library, pp.27-35 (information regarding buildings) Nutt, C. History of Worcester, vol. II, pp-747-752 (history of Clark Han Bity vol IlT, pp.15-16 (Clark biography); vol. IV, pp.861-862 Rice, F. Worcester of 1898, p.194.
INVENTORY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Office of the Secretary, Boston Commmity: Worcester Form No: 152-B-1 Property Name: Clark University Natiional Register District Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued below. 7) 2. During the early twentieth century the Laboratory Building site of research in rocketry which was carried out by Robert Hutchings Goddard. Goddard, who is regarded as the inventor of modern high-altitude rockets, was a graduate student at Clark (1900-1911) an0 was associated with Clark as an instructor after 1914, becoming 8 full proiessor oi physics in 1919 at a site nearby in Auburn, Massachusetts. 3. Academic Building (formerly the University Library) built 1901-1903 (Frost, Briggs & Chamberlain, architects; Norcross Brothers, builders).
The Academic Building is a three-storey brick building of Collegiate Gothic design. Irimmed with finely dressed limestone, the building's former facade (Main Street - east) is symmetrical with an arched 1imestone entry at its center. Above the entry is an ornate oriel with pointed-arch stone tracery and a crenellated parspet. Other windows are framed by limestone quoins and are divided internally by wooden stiles to give the appearance of having transoms. "Modelled after the library of Trinity College at Cambridge, England, designed by Sir Christoper Wren", Academic Hall originally contained thirteen rooms, including a main hall with a book storage capacity of 60,000 volumes and stacks with space for an additional 75,000 4. Academic Building Addition (formerly the University Library addition) built I9Io (Frost, Briggs & Chamberlain, architects; Norcross Brothers, builders).
Built in the same "English Collegiate Gothic" style as the original Ilbrary building of 1901-1903, the former library addition is & two and one-half storey brick building of rectangular plan with its major entry on its south wall. The entry consists of a pointed-arch (of lime- stone) surmounted by a cornice and crenellatea parapet. The addition's Main Street facade (east) is slightly asymmetrical, having a bay windon at its south end only; otherwise this elevation has symmetrically placed gables and tri-partite windows set in limestone surrounds with transoms. Together, both sections of Academic Hall provide one of Worcester's finest and earliest exainples of Gollegiate Gothic architecture. Hall is compatible with the neighboring Academic Hall (to which connected).
While of architecturally high quality, Atwood Hall is of relatively recent construction and shares none of the associations to Jonas Clark, G. Stanley Hall and the university's founding which characterize the foregoing buildings. 6. Science Building, built 1957 (architect unknown). The Science Building is a two-storey brick building of undecorated modern design. Located between Clark Hall and the Laboratory Building, this structure lacks the historical associations which characterize the campus's earlier buildings. Staple to Inventory form at bottom INVENTORY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Office of the Secretary, Boston Commmity : Worcester Form No: 152-B-1 Property Name: Clark University National Register District Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued below.
7) An especially fine landscape feature of the campus is its simple cast-iron fence set into granite posts (Main and Downing Street). SIGNIFICANCE: The second graduate school to be founded in the United States, Clark University was opened in 1889 and, until the establishment of Clark College in 1902, offered only graduate education. The school was founded by donations from Jonas G. Clark, one of the city's wealthiest citizens. Clark (1815-1900) was a native of Hubbardston, Massachusetts, who began his financial career as a carriage maker. becane lnvolved in the manufacture of hardware and furnitur, ooninciari stores in Lowell and Milford.
In the early 1850s, Clark went to California where "he laid the foundation of his great fortune through dealing in miners' supplies." Upon his return to the east coast, Clark took up residence in New York City where he remained until around 1881 when he moved to Worcester and invested heavily in local real estate.
During the 1880s Clark "became convinced that this country needed an institution of learning where research and investigation would be encour- aged to a greater degree than was possible in other American universi ties, where the time of the professors was devoted largely to instruction." To this end Clark hired Granville Stanley Hall, later the university's first president, to make a tour of European universities to gather ideas and information for the organization of the new school- Hall, who was & well- known scholar, had served variously as professor of psychology and English at Antioch, Harvard and Williams Colleges and at Johns Hopkins University.
A founder of the American Journal of Psychology and an editor of numerous other psychology-related publications, Hall was responsible for inviting the then controversial Sigmund Freud to lecture at Clark University in 1909, Freud's only visit to the United States. Impressed by the German university system, Hall used it as a model for part of the university's curriculun. Hall, who served as university president (1889-1920) deter- mined much of the school's academic development by assembling a staff of professors who shared some of his more advanced ideas about university education and particularly about psychology a then controversial study. Hall's initial staff remained intact from 1892 to 1913.
Among psycho- logical studies produced by Hall during his tenure at Clark are Adolescence (1904), Educational Problems (1911) and Jesus Christ in the Light of Psychology (19I7) In 1887 Jonas Clark purchased eight acres of the present Main Street campus and a board of trustees was established to operate the school. Clark's initial founding gift included a $300,000 construction funa, a $100,000 I1brary fund and a general endownent of $600,000- Clark a1sc donated an additional $500,000 in real estate and $500,000 for the support of three or more professorships. Active in his support of the school until his death, Clark made additional large donations including $750,000 to increase the library fund and to pay for the construction of a librarj in 1900. After the settling of Clark's estate around 1900-1901, further donations brought his contribution to the school to over $4,000,000.
Staple to Inventory form at bottom Propert Warceoter Multiple Resonre Duea (Partial bauentary) State MA (Warcester Working Number 8. 30.79.2060 TECHNICAL CONTROL Photos 383 +13 Maps 2,63 Exceetent multyle resource nomeration for the entie cily HISTORIAN 4 sraterent g indevidual inventon sheet are Lightne coun inph Bmiés umments NC-CBD-", "7-E, and 130-CBD-50 and 44. Integnty and for bomdaries nee to tms. DUBIE 102-2-3, be addiessed speatully on induidunl ARCHEOLOGIST 116- CBD-1 - Destroued, cunnot be listed.
102 - C34- pemnot sengame an cot yortiomontirgs neee to l - Period 5 ; See attachet 'be descussedd with WINh 3 EXCERTONS AU PROPERTIES APPEAK TO ME TO MEET AK CRITERIA AND TE OTHER FORMS ARE ADEQUATE RED BOTH TECHNLALL AND TO RETERMINE SICNIFICANCE, ALMOLA SAME OF TRE FORMS DID NOT CONTAN SIRONE SIATEMENS IF SIGNIFICANKE THÉ ACEDT KESOURCE CHEGONIES WERE THOROWIALY DISCUSTED IN THE BODY OF THE NORINAXION; 2/2888 THEREFBRE SNGNIFICANCE MAS ESTABLSHED. HBDS WERE NOT NELESSARY BELNSE OF THE SCHE MAPSAND CLESALY DELLNEATES BOUNDARIES . HLRENDE WBS P1STA0G DIU SANCE PROPEATES BUT EIS MOW INCLUDEN AFTER BE 2/11/ CORREIRONS. HAER THE ONLY PROPERTIES THAT I DO NOT RECOMMEND LASTING ARE - 116-CBD-13 - DESAOYCO BY FIRE Mo- 16CBD-!1 Inventory - Review 130-CBo-44- POES. NOT RETAN INTEGRITY FOR INDI UDUKAELGIBILITY v102-L-3 / Dorss.
Du WBOT COLVINLED ABOUT BOUNDANES REVIEW UNIT CHIEF BUT BELIEVE THEY SOUCA BE DK. #BASEN ON ADOLTONAL DOCUMLENTATON SUBMUTTED - / DEFER JUDGEMENT. Recommal Listna all propatres sexcept these 3. Return 116-CBD-1$ to Stute mot etegible); Retum 102-L-3 to State fer curedtum; oto deraus futtayse +state. DUBIE , BRANCH CHIEF 3/3/81 HOLD 130-CBD -44 for info from stute DUBIE Staff conferenu 3/5/80 -agued to action as zutel belrr: 16-CIBD-11 (officcal notficati of also ahurig "s-ezo.") </ 130- C80-44 (LM, t tre se Rt National Register Write-up Entered Federal Register Entry 2.3.81 Re-submit KEEPER solhe 3/5/80 MAR 5 1980 United States Department of the Interior - Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service by Berkey 457 sosity -39-ALC 1970 Acadesn Blag. MRA, Ma Additron South+ esevations ints JUN 1979 by Berkey JUN 19 LO 8 0 AVO werestrMRAMG 152.
B-1 Carkunyersit Academic Bldgi South +east elevations by Berkey rints JUN 1979 Clork Nall 152978-AUG 1979 Glark urwesity vest elevatim weresterMNA, Ma JUN 1979 resuge by Berkey rints JUN 1 97 L0 by Bon 15308491979 clark un.vosty Clark Nall WerestoMRAMa East eluation 152ABG 1979 haboratory Buuld ing venh vertec! Sonth+ east eles 152BLLAUG 19%9 Suence Büulding ykunvos Woru Eest eluvation 152-Ba! AUG Atwood rall ClarkUnivesty West eleation worestor MLA, 1979 Please refer to the map in the Multiple Property Cover Sheet for this property Multiple Property Cover Sheet Reference Number: 64000304