Nomination for South School

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

OMB No. 1024-0018 AUG 2 1 1989 (Form 10-900a). Type all entries. 1. Name of Property 2. Location street & number city, town State 3. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property x building(s) Name of related multiple property listing: listed in the National Register - 4. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 Signature of certifying official Signature of commenting or other official 5. National Park Service Certification 1, hereby, certify that this property is: Ventered in the National Register. Register. See continuation sheet.

determined not eligible for the other, (explain:) 057 code Noncontributing private site structure district Date public-Federal public-State Total object REGISTER National Register. NATIONAL Ohio historic name Registration Form See continuation sheet. National Park Service public-local Yellow Springs Number of contributing resources previously 909 South High Street other names/site number N/A Date of Action National Register of Historic Places removed from the National Register. determined eligible for the National State or Federal agency and bureau not for publication United States Department of the Interior The South School NPS Form 10-900 N/Avicinity (Rev. 8-86) the requested information.

If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets zip code 45387 Patuck Andues for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering In my opinion, the property Xnominationrequest for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinationsof eligibility for individual propertiesor districts.See instructions in Guidelines 1459 6. Function or Use 7. Description It consists of a main part built in 1856 and a wing, built probably in 1873.

Of the three The walls are of brick, unpainted on the outside. In the main part they are 3 wythes are a shade darker in color, the walls are 2 wythes thick, in common bond, with the header original corners and two, matching exactly, at the corners of the wing) protrude one wythe connected by a board running across the base of the pediment, giving the effect of a lower The windows are all 3'6" x 7' six-over-six double hung sash; three on the east wall, one is 3'8" x 7'5" (four lights above three panels). X See continuation sheet Metal Education/school Brick other Architectural Classification walls Domestic/multiple dwelling pattern as the entablature. existing mid-nineteenth century schoolhouses in Yellow Springs it is not only the least Describe present and historic physical appearance.

an entablature consisting of nine courses, the corbelling corresponding to that of the western cornice return of the original building. The building is an L-shaped school house in Greek Revival style with ornamented brickwork. pilasters.The gables are pedimented and the sides of the triangle have the same brick Greek Revival Materials (enter categories from instructions) The cornice and matching raking cornice are made up of a cyma recta and a minor molding on Historic Functions (enter categories from instructions) Current Functions categories from instructions) rods for king posts and their lower chords are 3o' hand-hewn oak beams.

half of the muntins and mullions and about half of the panes of glass, the windows are (enter categories from instructions) each on the north, south, and west walls of the main part; two on the north and one on the are original;the two on the north side are one on the west The main part,30'x a gab1e roof;the wing,30'x a thick, the external layer laid in common bond with an alternating header-stretcher course original. There are four doors, with three-light transoms. The three in the main part between the main part and the wing, there are no interior load-supporting walls.

The main roof altered in its exterior but is also the most prominent in the village.It provides a fine about every 10th row; the mortar joints are concave-tooled.In the wing, where the bricks example of a style used in Yellow Springs in its boom years",a style seen in several cornice.The wing cornice was carefully designed so that it is a continuation of the course every eight row;the mortar joints are flush.Six corbelled pilasters at the OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 The South School, Yellow Springs, Greene County, Ohio Section number_/ Page _ (The building had not been lived in since about 1956; while unoccupied, there had been an (An apartment was made in the wing in 1978; the current project is a rehabilitation original trusses is being left exposed.

To make possible a second story, a section of the 2.5' awning-type windows, is not unlike that of a monitor.(1) It is not visible from the of an area of brick on the east wall, using a mixture of lime & sand with about 5% cement. (1)For example, the monitor pictured in Blumenson, P. 97 setting. National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet United States Department of the Interior the joints not mitered) also remain undisturbed under the new walls.A major part of the The woodwork of cornice and soffit is weathered but generally intact. ceilings and the partition walls and lowered ceilings that had been added when the prominent corner and passers-by can get good views of the west, north, and east sides.

There is a hand pump about 15' from the north-east corner which contributes to the National Park Service integrity of the exterior of the building has been maintained.The South School is on Blackboards left from the building's days as a school directly on the plaster) of the main part to make it a residence.)The new perimeter walls are built within the attempt by Antioch College students to turn it into a theatre).So the interior will be original brick walls it possible to insulate).

north (architectural front of the building.) about 2.5'.The appearance of this long and narrow "shed dormer,"which contains ten 2'x Despite the changes in the use of the interior 1982 until the present),the roof about 30'in length along the east side has been "hingedup a vertical heights of NPS Form 10-800-8 Page The interior was in a partially demolished state when the building was acquired 1976) are covered but not destroyed.What was left of the original trim boards boards, building was converted into a residence (after its sale by the school board in 1892). (8-86) 8. Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

Areas of Significance (enter categories from instructions) Cultural Affiliation Ethnic Heritage: Black Significant Person State significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria considerations, and areas and periods of significance noted above. In August of 1855, (5) William Mills, the ambitious founder of Yellow Springs, (6) chose the When it was built, the following year, the decorative details used in the brickwork were vernacular version, as it might be called, of Greek Revival style, even modest buildings style was, in the context of Greene county, particularly characteristic of Yellow Springs It is likely that the South School was built by J.W. Hamilton; almost certainly he about 1848, for more than three decades.

(10) X See continuation sheet 1858 1874 1856 1873 Architecture Education unknown Significant Dates Architect/Builder ornamented brickwork, the South School stands out among the more than a hundred existing used.corbelled pilasters and pedimented gables with corbelled detailing.With this is indicated by the fact that of the more than a hundred one-room schoolhouses built in manufactured the brick.Hamilton was a prominent builder and manufacturer of brick, from Period of Significance schoolhouses in the county.(4) It has maintained its character asa schoolhouse and stil1 Township board of Education (which included the Yellow Springs districts at the time).

the church at the corner of Whiteman Street and Xenia the Hamilton house Applicable National Register Criteria and its role in the history of the black community.Constructed in it was first standing),in addition to the South School are the Thorn House second brick white students).From 1874 to 1887 it was the school for black students.(3)With its today it is a striking and visible example of Greek Revival style.

Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in relation to other properties: Examples of buildings in this style (still three reasons; its architecture, its role in the history of education in Yellow Springs, in a style particularly characteristic of Yellow Springs during it "boom years" of the statewide locally Criteria Considerations (Exceptions) of Xenia Avenue and Herman Street), and the residence at the corner of Xenia The nominated property, the schoolhouse known as the South School,(1) is significant for and private buildings in Yellow.Springs built in brick around the decade of the fifties gained a dignity and richness of texture.E which had a colossal pedimented portico pilasters in its brickwork.Public nationally

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Major Bibliographical References Lx preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) State historic preservation office previously determined eligible by the National Register Survey # recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # 10. Geographical Data 11. Form Prepared By June 5, Easting Northing Zone state date Local government Federal agency Sigalia Cannon Other UTM References Yellow Springs Boundary Justification Other State agency Ohio with the property.

Acreage of property The boundary includes the three city lots that have historically been associated organization name/title recorded by Historic American Buildings has been requested Specify repository: Verbal Boundary Description University designated a National Historic Landmark previously listed in the National Register NA See continuation sheet Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data: city or town (each lot 50'x 150')and half the vacated alley along the east edge(7.5'x 150'). The nominated property occupies Yellow Springs lots nos. 534, 535, and 536 _ zip code 45387 street& number less than one acre NPS Form 10-900d OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 United States Department of the Interlor The South School, Yellow Springs, Greene County, Ohio village; (11) the renowned educator, Horace Mann, president of Antioch College from its built in the period 1845 to 1856. They were well built. A survey made in 1857 of the At the time, it was one of just three high schools in the county.(14) We read in the 1869 to 1871. (15) January 1873. (16) Education enlarged the building in such fine style, adding the wing with the brickwork evidence internal to the construction; for example, a bricked up window in the wall before the building became the black school, there was probably only one teacher (21) and that could have been supporting, at least in a relative sense, of education facilities for election of 1873.

(26) Also, the black community had at least one man of wealth in the the street from the clearly inadequate black school, one can guess that there was a Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places Yellow Springs Column of the Xenia Gazette about events at the high school in the period The South School served the black community of Yellow Springs from 1874 until integration "magnificent"(28) new union school being built for the white community practically across teachers.(3o)Apart from the church at the corner of Whiteman Street and Xenia Avenue for the black community-a fine building to be compared with the smaller former average cost of the schoolhouses in the various townships of the county placed those of National Park Service It ceased being the High School when the New Union School opened in much simpler building),the South School is the only remaining material reminder of this important period in the history of the black community.

the South School),when the black school was located on Dayton Street,(23) sixty black students were enrolled;(29) before it closed in 1887 it had a principal and three the black community; and the black reverend J.M.Meek ran for the School Board in the too few students for the wing to have been the other hand, as a black College which had admitted a black student already in 1857,(25) had a white constituency Miami township included Yellow Springs) in second 1858,the Yellow and it designated the South School as the High School.(i3) Section number _ 8 - Page - Education had been prominent among the concerns of leaders in the Yellow Springs community founding in 1852, was examiner of the village's schoolteachers. Indeed, four schools were in 1887.

These years, 1874-1887, significantly represent the period right after the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation, and, in comparison with other villages in the that matched the original building. The evidence is only circumstantial, but it is since the 1840's. William Mills planned to develop educational opportunities in the of a total population of 1435 were reported in 1871).(17) What the South School strongly felt need to build the wing and restore the old South School. Indeed, the South Village.The board agreed to divide the students into groups according to level of study Springs Board of Education was founded, creating a separate school district for the separating the wing from the main part.That the wing was used as a school room is clear from the fact that blackboards covered) are on the walls.(20)On the one hand, county.

Yellow Springs had a substantial black population in this period (233 blacks out persuasive.(19) One knows that the wing was not part of the original building from NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 The South School, Yellow Springs, Greene County, Ohio mid-nineteenth century for special recognition, a school building would be appropriate; Both the Elm Street School and the Park Place School are more altered, smaller, and less history of the black community. The Union School is a striking building, but it (2)YSN, Oct. 15, 1926, p. 10, cols. 2-3 (3)YSN, Oct. 15, 1926, p. 11, col. 5 (4) Photographs in Kilner (5)Greene County, Record of Deeds, Vol. 32, p. 53 Continuation Sheet National Park Service National Register of Historic Places If one were seeking a Yellow Springs building dating from the boom years of the represents a later era.

United States Department of the Interior education was of important to the village's leaders, and the schools were well built. Board minutes of 1858 quoted in YSN,0ct 15,1926,P.10,col.3 Section number _ prominent in the village than the South School; and they did not play a role in the Page NPS Form 10-900- South School, Yellow Springs, Greene County, Ohio Section number . 6 Baker, chap. IV 7 Dills p. 670: a photograph of the house is reproduced in Hamlin, plate LXXIX Baptist Church in 1869. The church was probably bui@lt in 1853 or shortly thereafter. expand his brick business and advertised his new type of brick, with an indentation for mortar and shaped under pressure [XTL July 18, 1855, p.3,col.1]. Some bricks with such indentations are present in the structure Greek Revival style.

Hamilton got the contract for the manufacture of brick for the Union School in 1872 [School Board Minutes quoted in YSN, Oct. 15, 1926]. 1Baker. pp. 84-85 12XTL, Nov. 13,1857. Four out of the eight schoolhouses were in Yellow Springs 13Quoted in YSN, Oct. 15. 1926, p.10, Col 3. 14XTL, Dec. 1, 1858, p.2, col.2, Seventeen out of nineteen school boards reported 15e.g.. the student recitation of Dec. 21, 1869 (XG, Dec. 28, 1869, p. 2, col. 3). 1°XG. Jan. 21, 1873 17XG, June 20, 1871, p.3. col. 3. 2!References to the high school mention the teacher, implying only one le g. XG, Dec. 28, 1869, p.2,col.2). 22XTL May 8, 1872 p.3, col.4 reported 16 scholars. (YSN, Oct. 15, 1926, p. 11, col. 5). Nothing now remains but a chimney, but it was obviously a simple structure. 24 XG May 17, 1870, p.3 col.2 25Baker, p. 113 26XTL, Apr. 23, and Apr. 30, 1873.

27He left a major bequest to Wilberforce University when he died in 1894 IXDG, May 11, 1894]. He was already making contributions in about 1870, giving a cast iron bell to the AME church (Boyer; mentioned also by Pat Matthews Howard, in a talk at the First Baptist Church, Yellow Springs Feb. 26,1989.1. 28XTL, May 22, 1872 p.2, col.4 29YSR, Nov 11, 1881 (report of the public schools for the month ending Nov.4,1881). 30YSN, Oct. 15. 1926. p. 11, col. 5. 20Seen during rehabilitation of the wing in 1978. Page Continuation Sheet 9 Photographs in Kilner. 19Although Yellow Springs school board minutes were available in 1926, it is generally believed that they are 8Mills gave the land to the Presbyterian church in 1853. The land and the building were sold to the First 18 See note 23 below.

house has distinctive thrice-corbelled pilasters similar to those of the South School.In 1855.he was seeking to National Park Service United States Department of the Interior National Register of Historic Places now lost. of the South School. The Hamilton house (corner of Xenia Ave.and Herman Street)is one of those built in (8-86) 10He came to Yellow Springs in 1845 and is known to have built the Thorn house(1848),[Dills,p.670).This OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 23 The black school, founded in 1863, was in a frame structure in the back part of lot 57 ( now 340 Elm Street) NPS Form 10-200- OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 [Baker].Jane Hill: William Mills, The Yellow Springs Man: Biography of a Frontier Entrepreneur M.A. Dissertation, Wright State University, 1974 April 23.1976, in the collection of the Greene County Room, Greene County Library, Xenia, Ohio.

Dills.R.S : History of Greene County, Ohio (Dayton,Ohio: Odell & Mayer, 1881). Greene County, Record of Deeds. Kilner, Arthur R: History of 1 & 2 Room Schoolhouses,Greene County, Ohio(published by (the author), Xenia, XG: Xenia Gazette, 1868-1883 (Xenia, Ohio) XDG: Xenia Daily Gazette, (Xenia, Ohio) XTL: Xenia Torch Light, 1843-1883 (Xenia, Ohio) YSN: Yellow Springs News,1901- (Yellow Springs, Ohio) YSR: Yellow Springs Review, 1880-1891,1897-1900 (Yellow Springs, Ohio) 1977) Continuation Sheet National Park Service National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior 1983).

Blumenson.John J-G:Identifying American Architecture (Am.Assn.for State & Local History,Nashville Hamlin Talbot: Greek Revival Architecture in America(New York:Dover reprint,1964), Boyer.C.W.:"Wheeling Gaunt:Ex-Slave and Venerable Philanthropist typescript,enclosed with letter dated Section number _ Page South School, Yellow Springs, Greene County, Ohio National Park Service South School, Yellow Springs, Greene County, Ohio Pho tographs Section number - 909 S. High St Yellow Springs, Greene County, Ohio by Phyllis Cannon, Apr 88 (approx.) South & East sides of main part (&SW corner of wing just visible) All by Sigalia Cannon, Feb '89 South & West sides of wing (L) North side & NE pilaster Camera facing WSW Residence, NE corner of Xenia Ave. & S.

College St., mainly West side Continuation Sheet South gable National Register of Historic Places Photos 10-14: Camera facing ESE United States Department of the Interior All negatives are in the possession of the preparer, Sigalia Cannon. [temporary stove pipe through window] Camera facing Nw The South School mentioned in S8. North side and most of East side Camera facing SW (from edge of S.College St) Some other Greek Revival buildings in Yellov Springs, Camera facing NW Photos 1-9: North & East sides from in in front of adjacent house on S. College Church,SW Corner of Xenia Ave.&Whiteman St.,East& South sides South & West sides of main part (R) OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 North side (of wing & main part) North & East sides Camera facing SW Park Place School, West (front) side South & East sides (main part) Camera facing NW Page (8-86) South School, Yellow Springs, Greene County, Ohio Section number _ Supplementary Photos (s)1-(s)4: 909 S. High Street Yellow Springs, Greene County, Ohio Interior of main part, at beginning of the current project of rehabilitating it to All by Phyllis Cannon. around window); camera facing ESE. April 88 (approx.) April 88 (approx.) camera facing SW.

June '88 (approx.) South gable and south end of ridge, showing the vertical iron rods and lower chords Photographs Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places make a residence Remains of partition walls and lowered ceiling added after the building ceased to be United States Department of the Interior The South School South window (painted blackboard at left);studs in place for new perimeter wall; used asa school (the window is the one on the west wall);camera facing Sw. South end of east wall (showing blackboards painted on wall and original trim boards of the three southern trusses;camera facing SSE. June 88(approx.) National Park Service NPS Form 10-900d Page UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE No.

1024-0009 Historic Preservation Certification Application-Significance OH 45387 Historic District: _ date complete information received by State Extensive loss of historic fabric Obscured or covered elevation(s) for individual property the exceptional historical or architectural significance of this property as described in the National Register form or district documentation on file justifies its certification as contributing. architectural or historical significance or the significance of the district does not extend to the last 50years. months. (Draft nomination is enclosed.) - Nomination was submitted to the NPS on- Other, explain: B.

Evaluation of the property: 5/4/89 3/27/89 NUMBER State recommendation inconsistent with NR for district REVIEW SHEET Moved property Substantial aiterations over time There ls adequate documentation enclosed to evaluate the historic character and integrity of this property. Preliminary determination of listing This property involves: date of this transmittal to NPS the historical merits of the district (the periods and areas of significance) are documented in the National Register form or date(s) additional information requested by State Significance less than 50 years old A.The status of the nomination for the property/historic district: date initial application received by State (4) For preliminary determinations: Recommendation different from the applicant's Complete item(s) below as appropriate.

Property: South School, 909 S, High St., Yellow Springs, Greene There is insufficient documentation to evaluate the property adequately. The application is missing the following Items: (1) The documentation on file with the National Register cites the period(e) of significance of this historic district as (3) For properties less than 50 years old: district documentation on flle as less than 50years old,justifying the certification of this property's contribution. Criteria for Evaluation: XA - B - C.

(5) The property is located in a registered district, is outside the period(s) or area(s) of significance as documented in the N form and: documentation OMB Approved X_Property is individually eligible and meets National Register Criteria for Evaluation Nomination will be submitted to the State review board within twelve months temple-like details including brick corner pilasters, corbelling, and pedimented gable, multi- Barbara Powers PAlç 4-89 Act of 1900 State Official Recommendation: for its architectural significance as an example of Greek Revival style architecture. design, materials, and craftsmanship.

addition of a 2nd story.(a change which resulted in a monitor-like window being added to the east Describe and evaluate the physical characteristics of the property,its integrity,and its significance within the context of the historic district (or individually for preliminary determinations of individual fistings). students from 1874 until 1887.The building also appears to be eligible under Criterion C The property is included within the boundaries ofa registered historic district contributee to the significance of the district, and is 909 S.High St.is a l story brick school building with standing seam metal roof.Main :. 1873. The school displays distinct characteristics of the Greek Revival style through its The a professionally qualified architect, architectural historian, or historian on my staff.

a "certified historic structure" for the purpose of rehabilitation NUMBER Forwarded without recommendation See alttachments: NPS Comments TPS - OHPO Form 10-168 Rev. 12/86 ..ED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTER, * No. 1024-0009 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE JUN 28 1989 PART 1 - EVALUATION OF SIGNIFICANCE 10993 _ Zp 45387 Name of historic district: - - National Register district 2. Check nature of request: certification that the structure or building and, where appropriate, the land area on which such a structure or building is located contributes to the preliminary determination that a building located within a potential historic district contributes to the significance of the district. 3. Project contact: Name C. Vernon & Phyllis Cannon _ City - Street - Daytime Telephone Number (513) 767-1867 4.

Owner: I hereby attest that the informationI haveprovided is, to the best of my knowiedge, correct, and that 1 own the property described above. I understand that to 18 U.S.C. 1001. 411 36 8714 cordance with the Tax Treatment Extension Act of 1980. appears to meet the National Register Criteria for Evaluation and will likely be listed in the National Register of Historic Places if nominated by the State Historic Preservation Officer according to the procedures set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. does not appear to meet the National Register Criteria for Evaluation and will likely not be listed in the National Register.

appears to contribute to the significance of a potential historic district, which will likely be listed in the National Register of Historic Places if nominated by the 45385 Organization Xenia Preliminary Determinations: National Park Service Authorized Signature Project No: the property: certification that the building contributes to the significance of the above-named historic district for the purpose of rehabilitation. HISTORIC PRESERVATION CERTIFICATION APPLICATION State Historic Preservation Officer.

NPS Office Use Only contributes to the significance of the above-named district and is a certified historic structure fora charitable contribution for conservation purposes in ac- The National Park Service has reviewed the Historic Preservation Certification Application -Part 1 for the above-named property and hereby determines that preliminary determination for individual listing in the National Register. does not contribute to the significance of the above-named district. Social Security or Taxpayer Identification Number OMB Approved Zip Register nomination or district documentation on file with the NPS. See Artachments Clifton Road State Ohio Ohio NRIS No: contributes to the significance of the above-named district and is a "certified historic structure" for the purpose of rehabilitation.

significance of the above-named historic district for a charitable contribution for conservation purposes. potential historic district Address of property: Street certification that the building does not contribute to the significance of the above-named district. certified state or local district preliminary determination that a building outside the period or area of significance contributes to the significance of the district. does not appear to qualify as a certified historic structure. National Park Service Office/Telephone No: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR No. 1024-0009 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Property:909 South High Street, Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387 - Project No.: -Final certification(Part2 not previously reviewed) .

date initial application received by State date(s) additional information requested by State date complete information received by State date of this transmittal to NPS _ of State staff. Date(s): _ X There is adequate documentation enclosed to evaluate the overall rehabilitation project. - an individually designated NHL - substantial interior alterations _ substantial demolition - problematic window treatments - new addition(s) - precedent-setting issues - _ other major work items (specify) Judith Kitchen, Department Head, TPS - a professionally qualified architect, architectural historian, or historian on my staff and appears: - to meet the Standards. - to meet the Standards only if the specific conditions listed on reversé are met. - to warrant denial for lack of information. - This application is being forwarded without recommendation.

For completed work previously reviewed, also check as appropriate: - completed rehabilitation conforms to work previousty approved 5/23/89 3/30/89 3/27/89 4/6/89 4/7/89 NUMBER 12/86 Historic Preservation Certification Application-Rehabilitation Official State Recommendation REVIEW SHEET completed rehabilitation differs substantively from work previously approved This project involves: The South School OMB Approved _There is insufficient documentation to evaluate the project adequately.The application is missing the following items: (describe divergences from Part 2 application on reverse). Inspection ofproperty by Form10-168e -to meet the Standards but with concerns/reservations listed on reverse. Reasonable efforts have been made to obtain this documentation.Copies of documentation requests are enclosed.

The project has been reviewed according to established NPS procedures by In the space below, describe the project and justify your recommendation. Include a description of theinspection of the property and any Because of the extensive interior changes, we cannot Conditions for Approvel: Fleasons for Denial: thereby violåting Standards 2 and 9. resulted in the burtal of this trim Standards 2 and 5.

_ photographa Concerns/Reservations/Recommendations: NPS Comments: negotiations between the State and the applicant.Where approval with conditions is recommended, list the conditions.Distinguish be tween conditions that must be met to bring the project into conformance with the Standards and recommended changes that would im- school building have dramatically changed its character, This project involves the rehabilitation ofa Greek Revival style Summary and Evaluation of Project: the Standards for Rehabilitation. Continue on separate page if necessary. The covering-up of original trim by the furring-in of exterios brick school building constructed in l856,with a wing built about bui1ding violates Standards 2,5 and 6.

Items sent separately: prove the project but are not required for approval.Where denialis recommended, fully explain the reasons why the project does not meet recommend that this project be certified.

as meeting the "Standards." Other documentation on file in State: Once educated Yellow Springs' Black stúdénts on the corner of South High and West South College streets was just another old building in Yellow Springs, its windows boarded, its inside - only a 100-year old blackboard run- ning along a wall - to indicate the building's It was enough, though, to inspire the his- Phyllis and Vernon Cannon, who bought the Sigalia Cannon, for its architecture and for its role in the history of education in Yellow community established its own school district, with the These features made them unique among teachers and a principal the county's more than 100 one-room school The Dayton Street School, also called the manufactured locally by J. W. Hamilton, who it opened its doors, the village's white chil- Street School for the 1887-88 school year. dren went to school there.

The South School The South School, and the others as well, communities, the integration of the village's integrated, Blacks were taught in a separate after the South School was built, the Village tempting to research the school's history for that year, the classes were completely inte the last few years, says recorded information Jackson, the quality of education offered to ates who attended Antioch College: Joe Curl, Mamie (Banks) Boles, and Julia Walker. Stagner, and Della (Baber) Adams. Along with the Baptist Church, said Sigal- The move of the Black students from their ichool on Dayton Street to the South School tant period in the history of the Black com- n 1873, the Reverend J. M. Meek became membrances. Jackson. 1856. Places. grated. historical significance. Yellow Springs school board. Building). porting the ceiling.

Old schoolhouse is National Historic Place the first year after the school system was still standing today. not accommodate the increasing number of schools proceeded somewhat gradually.For in 1887.

the 1887 law abolishing segregated schools remaining material reminder of this impor- Faculty names associated with the school passed down through the generations, thin- South School and the others in the system According to some oral historians, said accounts of that period are few, said Sigalia search of their daughter-in-law Sigalia Can- known as the South School-gained official Although Antioch College had accepted more racially tolerant than its neighboring thought to be superior to that offered to Just who taught at the South School is The Black community was responsible tecture and construction to other schools in board is still attached to the interior wall Responsible for the school's closure was school on Dayton Street, across the street The South School building today has a township trustees divided the township into come from Wilberforce College, speculated torical sleuthing instincts of local residents painted wall board and wood-slatted wains- All are Greek Revival in style and have Other South School graduates he recalled formation of the first Yellow Springs Board member Phyllis Jackson, who has been at- schools had not yet been integrated-the came the village's high school.

man and do math at the South School. Spring and its role in the village's black number of the school's graduates for a col- Also distinguishing it is its history asa interior to make apartments.

the first Black to run as a candidate for the who learned to read and write, speak Ger- knew of at least three South School gradu- were initially part of the Miami Township in that education has not been documented, that school ever since we started the Histor- dents prepared to move over to the Dayton entry into the National Register of Historic was used to educate the community's Black It is thought that the bricks were the Black students of the South School was It was enough apparently to prepare a for the construction of a new wing to the building in 1979, intending to remodel its non, paid off recently when the building- its first Black student in 1857, the local houses in existence in the 1850's, said Can- Union School, was built in 1870-1871.

After school system, established in 1825 when the include those of Annisted Early, the first The outside of the building, though, is un- their white counterparts. What was included dry facts, and say little about the people 1856 on land donated by the of Education. (1845) and the Black 1887, there were three The village schools were integrated not clear. Yellow Springs Historical Society completely remodeled interior. Many of the faculty may have The only visible evidence of the Recorded The youths. After coating. Cannon. stories, teacher. only years beginning in 1848. changed. manufactured bricks and built homes in masonry crumbling,its floors rotting and Lifelong Yellow Springs hand-hewn wooden trusses and beams sup- founder of Yellow Springs, William Mills, Amy Harper eemed to signal an increased involvement There is no National Register for their four school districts.

Though Yellow Springs was viewed as is scarce. South School when it became apparent that room at the Dayton Street School. Dayton Street School the Village but that has been covered over with white- the South School was similar in its archi- Built in The South Sehool then be from where the Village would build the )y the Black community in school affairs. ned by time to just names and vague re Yellow Springs for a period of about 30 ical Society," she said.

By the time the EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET DATE OF 16TH DAY: NOMINATOR: STATE COMMENT WAIVER: N RECOM./CRITERIA ACCet AEC DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N 10/05/89 8/21/89 9/21/89 PROPERTY RETURN MULTIPLE NAME: DATE DISCIPLINE PERIOD: OTHER: South School PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: REASONS FOR REVIEW: DATE RECEIVED: ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NATIONAL PARK SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: DATE OF 45TH DAY: Hisferian N PDIL: SLR DRAFT: N REJECT NATIONAL: ACCEPT Justification of areas checked _justification of exception _photographs - Phone current presentation count acreage other materials DESCRIPTION FUNCTION context clarity Period CLASSIFICATION SIGNIFICANCE descriptive text BIBLIOGRAPHY completeness sketch maps Specific dates historic applicable criteria boundary justification Builder/Architect Date relating significance to the resource ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION/PRESENTATION architectural classification Questions concerning this nomination may be directed to verbal boundary description summary paragraph relationship of integrity to significance GEOGRAPHICAL DATA resource type OTHER COMMENTS UTMS STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION USGS maps Signed Statement of significance one paragraph) Areas of significance--Check and justify below The South School, Greene, OH 2/14 The South School, Greene, OH 3/14 The South School; Greene, of 414 The South Schoo, Greene, OH, 6/14 The South School, Greene, OH 7/14 The South School, Greene, OH 8/14 Comp.building Comp.building Comp.building 14/ 14 Cowp.building CS)1/4 (S)2/4 (5) 3/4 YELLOW SPRINGS, OHIO 17 25 2060 4409220 UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY YELLOW SPRINGS QUADRANGLE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR The South School 909 S.

High St 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) mAu-Atlantic Regional Office U.S. Customs House, Room 251 TPS - OHPO JUL U3 1989 SUBJECT: Cultural Resource Management DATE: 2nd & Chestnut Streets CONTACT: TELEPHONE REPORT TIME ETS Vrec'd UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT REPLY TO South School, 909 S. High Street, Yellow Springs, OH AUG - 7 1989 Also, at the request of Sigalia Cannon, the consultant, I am Should you have any questions or need further information, please call me at FTS 597-2337. OPTIONAL FORM NO. 10 (REV. 1-80) GSA FPMR (41 CFR) 101-11.6 * U.S.G.P.O: 1986 -491-248/20641 5010-114 memorandum Sincerely, DATE: SUBJECT: Patrick Andrus 3 August 1989 we shall send to Mr.Cannon once the fee has been paid. forwarding you a copy of a letter she sent to our office. Mary Jo Rendon ATTN OF: Enclosed please find a xerox copy of the Final Certification letter NATIONAL PARK SERVICE U.S.

CUSTOM HOUSE, ROOM 251 IN REPLY REFER TO: PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 July 31, 1989 Xenia, OH 45385 Dear Mr. Cannon: PROPERTY: South School, 909 S. High Street, Yellow Springs, OH CONTROL NUMBER: 109930H TAXPAYER'S IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: 411-36-8714 We have reviewed the "Historic Preservation Certification Application - Part 2" for the above property and gable, multi-paned windows with flat lintels and sills. The interior had been extensively altered, as early as Evaluation of Significance." However, after our review of this project it appears that the changes proposed, Photographs submitted with your Part 2 application show rehabilitation work in progress and, in several cases, rehabilitation work already completed. We have found the treatments enumerated below to be in of the Greek Revival style, has been drastically altered by this addition.

existing window, on the west elevation, are destroyed by the new balcony that runs across F78(MAR-CRS) MID-ATLANTIC REGION United States Department of the Interior violation of the above-mentioned Standards. and partially completed, will alter the historic character of the building to such a degree that its the interior open space of the interior of the building. Mr. Vernon Cannon 1.The construction ofa shed dormer on the east elevation.Built to accommodate 2.Insertion of an interior balcony.

Both the interior and exterior visual qualities of the your letter of July 12,1989,and have found that the rehabilitation does not conform with Secretary of the 1470 Clifton Road conform with Standards 2, 5, 6, and 9, as described in the Department of the Interior regulations, 36 CFR Greek Revival style through its temple-like details including brick corner pilasters, corbelling, pedimented small-scale building. The gable roof form, one of the primary character-defining features building built ca. 1856 and a wing built probably in 1873. The School displays distinct characteristics of the that space at window level. While not a single issue for denial, the balcony itself disrupts bedrooms in the attic space, it has become a highly visible design feature on this simple, The South School is a one-story brick building with a standing seam metal roof.

It consists of the main 1892,yet much of the trim remains. Although presently not individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the South School received a preliminary determination of eligibility from our (NPs) office necessitated the removal of trim or, where trim will remain, has altered the historic characteristic of vernacular buildings such as the South School. original doors, historic trim and architectural features remain, the "Standards" call for their Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, as amended, andior the Tax Reform Act of 1986, and is exempt from structure," the owner must seek a final certification of significance as the next step rather than appealing addressed to Chief Appeals Officer, Preservation Assistance Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, D.C. 20013-7127.

For more information, consult National Park Service Regulations 36 CFR Regional Director Enclosure Sincerely, Part 67.10(b). 4.Installation of incompatible new doors and architectural trim and features.Where performed at the discretion of the Chief Appeals Officer.Requests for administrative review should be 3.The removal or covering of all historic trim. The furring-out of exterior walls has either not salvage features from another building. retention and repair or replacement to match.Should these features be missing, relationship of the interior trim to the finished wall surface.The simplicity of the trim is contact Mary Jo Rendon of this office at(215)597-2337. OH SHPO CC:TPS/WASO James W. Coleman, Jr This project therefore does not qualify as a "certified rehabilitation" for purposes of $$ 212 and 214 of the this denial of rehabilitation certification.

In limited situations, however, an administrative review may be Should youhave any questions regarding our review of your application, or the appeals process, please replacements should be either duplications or of a compatible and contemporary design, the historic preservation provisions of the Act that apply to "certified rehabilitations." July 12, 1989 1470 Clifton Rd, Xenia, Ohio (513) 767-1867 U.S. Customs House, Room 251 Philadelphia, PA.

19106 Re: NPS ASSIGNED PROJECT #109930H In our Historic Preservation Certification Application, Part 2, for the old South School in Yellow Springs, Ohio, we did not discuss the motivation for to be new, we assumed that the details of its design were not relevant for Since learning that the state is not endorsing certification on the grounds that the interior design does not meet standards, we realize, perhaps too late, The interior design was guided i) by the wish to keep the outside appearance of the South School in its original state, especially in its principal views from the West, North, and East, and il) by the wish to make the plus three equally large doors, finding a design com mensurate with these has been solved In fact, the living, dining and kitchen area is free of partitions, surrounded 45385 interior design.

CULTURAL PROGRAMS Second and Chestnut Streets The principal residential entrance will be through the original back door. to one side.The bedrooms are high enough to clear comfortably the National Park Service The original sense of space in the old school building has been preserved. In more detail: original sense of interior space. Given that the South School building was requirements posed a challenging problem. We believe that this problem interior attractive but affordable housing for a family.preserving the and the nature of the interior design decisions.We overlooked doing so the building to the South.

The car port and general outdoor clutter will be well removed and behind because we had acquired the building in a gutted state;since the interior had by four (of the six) windows.Over a portion of the area the ceiling reaches that a discussion is in order.We would like to offer now a discussion of the C.Vernon and Phyllis Cannon originally of one high story with only a few very large and high windows the original roof. To achieve this, the bedrooms were hung between trusses, RECEIVED Cannon 2 building's large windows; yet, they are low enough that bedroom windows effect consistent with the Greek Revival style. However, because of the trusses, it would have been impossible to have passage to the bedrooms at the same level.

Thus access has been provided via a mid-level balcony (ie The only way the original space could have been better preserved would one-bedroom luxury apartment, inconsistent with the requirement of providing useful, affordable housing for a family. blackboards adjacent to the interior door to the wing, along with the original trim boards around that door. The South School has a long history as a residence, beginning in 1892. Although nothing usable remained from the partitions of the original requirement of providing attractive housing. However, the fact that the South School has been divided up for residential purposes is a vital part of its history. We would like to respond explicitly to the State's "Reasons for Denial": 3. The reuse of doors, trim and other features from another building violates standards 2,5, and 6. impact on the structure, site and external appearance is minimal.

The interior design is contemporary, which is not discouraged by the standards, above, the building does have a century-old history as a residence. and it preserves the scale of the original building. There is no doubt that the features will be lost. The historical significance of the writing discerned on have dramatically changed its character (ref.standards 2 and 9). and as unobtrusive to the space as safety standards will allow.(It does pass was involved. The design of that conversion could not have served the in front of one window;but from outside one sees only a four inch bar.) the old blackboards is real;but it has no museum value and it could not have 1.The extensive spatial changes to the interior of the old school building The interior design does preserve a few square feet of the old been preserved in a residence.

is covered but not destroyed.) The Regarding l:Except for the trim referred to in Reason 2,no architectural 2.The original trim has been"buried"(ref.standards 2 and 5). walkway). In the large living-kitchen area, this balcony is suspended, open, original character as a school is being changed. However, as we pointed out residential conversion, it was clear that nothing of architectural significance have been to keep only a single story. But this would have meant creating a Cannon 3 (flat boards, the joints not mitered) and it does not represent "skilled the building's original use as a school, it would be unfair to describe it as local code.

Regarding 3: Doors, trim and other features from another building are that seems substantial is that the doors, trim and other features come from a late 19th century building of a style that is more ornate than may be originally became a residence. The South School had been abandoned for twenty years before we acquired it. It was in a totally uninhabitable condition, on the verge of character, feel of space, and outside appearance of the building while Sigalia Cannon, for C. Vernon and Phyllis Cannon Sincerely, demolition. To restore the building as a school museum was a fiscal providing affordable rental housing. building with the insulation needed for a modern residence as required by window and door trim discussed already in Regarding 2. The one criticism impossibility.

We have made every effort to maintain the integrity, that they are stylistically appropriate to the times in which the South School Regarding 2:The trim being covered is of extremely simple construction craftsmanship."While it does have a classical character com mensurate with regarded as compatible with Greek Revival. But we would like to point out "characterizing"the building. Covering it is a necessary part of providing the being used. The only features being covered or destroyed in this use are the Ohio Historic Preservation Office 1982 Velma Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43211 August 18, 1989 Ms. Carol Shull, Chief P.O. Box 37127 Washington, D.C. 20013-7127 Edwards, William, Farmhouse St. Peter's Lick Run Historic District Gebhart, Pope Mill Hudson, Ohio (MPD) Porter, Orin, House Corbusier, John William Creswel1, House Izant, Grace Goulder, House W.

Ray Luce Enclósures SOCIETY Montgomery County Mahoning 614/297-2470 HISTORICAL Hamilton Lucas Greene Summit REGISTER New Submissions National Park Service State Historic Preservation Officer National Register of Historic Places Dear Carol: Department of the Interior Office of the National Park Service has questions concerning the property's Historic & Architectural Properties of Damascus Grade School Documentation Form.All of the appropriate notification procedures have been In a telephone conversation with Barbara Powers of my staff, Patrick Andrus Hudson Historic District (Boundary Increase) approved the use of labels on the photographs for the Hudson Historic District included with the nomination. Sincerely, The South School denial on a Part 2 tax certification application and the Mid-Atlantic Regional SINCE 1885 take the appropriate action on this matter.

(Boundary Increase) in Summit County. Toledo Olde Towne Historic District Please contact me if you have questions. NATIONAL AUG 2 1 1989 followed for these new submissions. I am requesting a substantive review of Also enclosed is a letter from the property owners of the Frank Sebring House withdrawing their former objection to the listing of their property. Please Information pertaining to these issues are eligibility and integrity. Our office has recommended a