Nomination for Carnegie Library of Steubenville

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "X"Vin the appropriate box or by entering and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900a). Type all entries. 1. Name of Property Carnegie Library of Steubenville other names/site number Public Library of Steubenville & Jefferson County, Main 2. Location street & number 407 South Fourth Street J not for publication N/A city, town Jvicinity Ohio code OH 3.

Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property -private X building(s) K public-local public-Statep _ sites Jpublic-Federal _ structures 0: Total Name of related multiple property listing: Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register - 4. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. Ohio Historic Preservation Office Signature of commenting or other official 5. National Park Service Certification 1, hereby, certify that this property is: [entered in the National Register. Jdetermined eligible for the National Register. See continuation sheet.

7determined not eligible for the removed from the National Register. other, (explain:) Date of Action Date code081 district object Noncontributing state National Register. Steubenville See continuation sheet. Registration Form historic name Library Building 7-20-92 National Register of Historic Places State or Federal agency and bureau Signature of certifying official OMBNO. 10240018 /160 This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions in Guidelines Ly nomination request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the forl signature of the keeper zip code ]does not meet the National Register criteria. see continuation sheet. 43952 Carnegie Library of Steubenville, Jefferson County, Ohi 6.

Function or Use Historic Functions (enter categories from instructions) Current Functions (enter categories from instructions) 7. Description Materials (enter categories from instructions) (enter categories from instructions) foundation - walls . Describe present and historic physical appearance. body of the original bullding is 1-1/2 storles above grade and measures 36 x 117 ft. The Tower, originally 102 ft. In height, now stands at 70 ft. with the removal of the top section necessitated by water damage. An off-set stair tower stands to one side of the entry tower. Elements of the Romanesque Revival style predominate. The main body of the library is faced with brick. The trim and detalling are made of with recessed square basement window,s three to elther side of the tower. The base terminates at a canted belt course of smooth faced stone.

From this belt course, brick have since been removed. Downspouts were exposed copper, and have been replaced with black PVC pipe. The roof is steeply pitched (approximately 12/12) and was originally finished with red clay rectangular double hung wood windows with jambs and mullions of half-round shaped cut The entry: tower and attached stair tower sit atop a raised "porch" surround by a low wall The main entry doors are deeply recessed behind the arch. The recess is faced in brick of full light panels and a full light arch transom, both are trimmed in wood. The transom is topped with voussoir brick units of a darker color than the balance of the entry recess. X See continuation sheet Education/Library Wood Stone Brick Romanesque Architectural Classification canted and projecting.

Leader transition from gutters to downspouts)were originally also of stone, but Slate The 1902 Carnegle Library Bullding Is dominated by a projecting central entry tower which rooms, which flank the tower/entry on either side, have square transom windows over large by wide concrete steps: The main bullding entrance is at the base of the entry tower, and Is accessed through a high rounded, compound arch. The arch 1s made of two parts: the Sullivanesque style, and the exterior portion of the arch is flush with the face of the tower made up of voussoir stone units. The primary material of the entry tower is stone punctuated.with the stone quoins. The base of the tower is slightly battered. enriched brackets holding up a crown molding which conceals built-in copper gutters. roof other facade and are trimmed in sandstone punctuated with sandstone quoins.

The main reading tile.In 1956,the roof was replaced with gray slate.The.windows are deep set from the Carnegie Library of Steubenville, Jefferson Co., OH Above the arched entry, the original design had a projecting stone porch with stone "Carnegle Library" topped with a crown molding. This face and coping were removed after From here, the tower rises to 5 stone niches, the second and fourth niches being more flat-topped tower.

The original tower design continued from the crown molding with a section of decorative alternating horizontal bands of brick and stone, topped by another crown molding at the circular window, the lites of which were broken by mullions radlating out from the center Below the window was a projecting detail of follated stone sculptured carving held up by The stair tower is attached to the entry tower and stands to a height above the main angle from the front, and is topped with a cornice of stone crown molding and varlegated the other two are rectangular; all are trimmed in stone. Single windows stand to either side of the chimney and match those on the building front. The chimney has a rusticated base, which extends above the base of the balance of the stone frieze, the chimney corners are trimmed in stone punctuated with stone quoins.

Above the frieze is a stone "coping" which steps the gable wall back. At this height, the gable walls and the brick work has a header course every 8th course. The gable walls have a stone gable form held up by a large detalled enriched modillion bracket. At the junction Natlonal Register of Hlstorlc Places Continuatlon Sheet National Park Service Unlted States Department of the Interior ofthe gable wall to the stone parapet,the masonry changes toa running bond lald up ata brackets. The smooth face of the porch had raised, cut letters inscribed with the name course carries the lines of the bullding's frieze course around the tower. Directly above deeply recessed. Above the niches, the tower "flares out" on all sides by way of an arched continuous corbel table. The corbel table is topped with a stone dentil which, in turn, is topped with a stone crown molding.

Today, the tower terminates at this point, creating a roof eave line. At the center of each side of the tower at this helght was a large four exposures, but the clock was never added to the tower. The window was trimmed with half-round projecting stone detalling to match the interior arch of the tower entrance. with a detailed spire. The roof material of the tower was shakes or shingles. lines of the building frieze. This tower has two sides, one of which is at a 45 degree location and follow the lines of the stair inside. The lower window has a round-arch top, The end walls of the bullding are identical and feature a large central projecting chimney. bullding, up to the base of the stone sills of the windows. Between this height and the stone corbel table, to match the entry tower, and finishes with brick and stone coping. stone brackets.

this belt course are twin arched doublehungwindows topped with voussoir stoneunits. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Carnegie Library of Steubenville, Jefferson Co., Ohio The building is raised from the street by a low rusticated ashlar stone wall, constructed of smooth stone. The lobby area also had white Vermont marble flooring, but has been covered with reading rooms, along with the entry vault, and create a groin vault whose apex is formed the center of the entry hall. At the entry to the reading rooms, the vaults terminate with originally 21 ft. high, but were lowered in 1960 to 14 ft. to accommodate modern of Flemish iron with oak handrail.

The offices are plain; only the baseboards reflect the The area was renovated in 1991 with new shelving and furniture and with the fireplace the outside by stone steps to an exterior entry of projecting ashlar stone with variegated battlements along the top of the one story roof. It measures 31 x 31 ft. The two additions do not detract from the overall integrity of the of the 1920 Presidential Acorn lights which replaced 1940s poles that were topped with 1970s sunbonnet fixtures. National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet ventilating systems and improved lighting.Both reading rooms have a massive fireplace of Iibrary building. New exterior lighting fixtures have recently been installed.They are metal reproductions The vestibule inside the front door was beautifully restored in 1988 to return it to its original splendor.

The small area has plaster ornamentation in the corners as well as along the celling. Two sculpture wells and white Vermont marble as flooring complete the of open space above the circulation desk. Vaulted ceilings lead to the north and south a round-arched opening in recessed plaster panels. Originally, the entries to these rooms were enclosed with glass doors, side lights, and arched transoms. Trimmed in oak, today popular and pine. Originally stained a dark shade, it has been painted since 1952. The basement area contains various offices and rooms accessible by two different stairways Two additions have been made to the building. In 1948, a garage was added to the west wall along Slack Street with an effort to blend the brick facing to the original.

The garage is Page pressed red brick.The white Vermont marble floor has been cleaned and restored.The the arches are open.Both reading rooms measure 33x 38 ft.in size.The ceilings were bya local stone contractor.It surrounds the building on the two street sides.The wall Carnegie Library of Steubenville, Jefferson County, Ohio 8. Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in relation to other properties: Applicable National Register Criteria Areas of Sighificance (enter categories from instructions) Period of Significance Significant Dates Significant Person Alden and Harlow (Architects) Trimble, John H. (General Contractor) State significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria considerations, and areas and periods of significance noted above. Historic Places under criterion C.

Completed in 1902, the library stands as an excel lent example of early institutional architecture in Steubenville and as a fine example of the bullding Include the ornate round-arched openings, the massive tower, bands of transomed been made to the interior and exterior of the bullding, the Public Library of Steubenville and Jefferson County Board of Trustees has chosen to maintain the building's original form Steubenville's downtown business district. The Library Board of Trustees has carefully placing the garage, a later addition and a parking lot to the rear of the building where they are not dominant parts of the streetscape. The first recorded interest in a "public" library in Steubenville was 1830, when at the age of 15, the Hon. Edwin M.

Stanton, who would later become Secretary of War under the Lincoln Presidency, opened a circulating library from a private collection of books at his Two years prior to offering books for circulation, he had become a clerk in a local Iiterary and debating purposes, and established rules for membership and borrowing books, which they called the "City Library of Steubenville". The library collection was 1902, when it was turned over the Carnegie Library. During the 1850's, the first school library in Steubenville began, supported by tax funds until it also was turned over to the 11, 1902, and continues to serve area residents.

[X See continuation sheet 1900-1902 Architecture Architect/Builder Cultural Affiliation Jnationally _statewide Mlocally Criteria Considerations (Exceptions) The Carnegie Library of Steubenville is eligible for listing on the National Register of work of Pittsburgh, PA, architectural firm Alden and Harlow. Features of the Romanesque windows lighting the reading rooms, and the polychromic wall materials. While changes have maintained the character of the site, by choosing brick facing to construct a noncontributing bookmobile garage, which blends well with the original brick, and by book store, where he continued to be employed in until 1831 when he began his formal education at Kenyon College. In the early 1840s, a group of men formed an "Institute" for Steubenville and Jefferson County's Main Library Building), was formal ly opened on March Carnegie Library.

The Carnegie Library building (now known as the Public Library of NPS Form OMB Approvel No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interlor National Park Service - Carnegie Library of Steubenville, Jefferson Co., OH Andrew Carnegle provided a gift of more than $50,000.00 toward the completion of the construction of 1,679 libraries nationwide and 109 in Ohio between 1886 and 1910.

In 1851 when a flood on the Ohio River destroyed all telegraph communications between Steubenville and Wheeling, West Virginia, Carnegie who was a 16 year old telegraph operator at the time, was sent to the Steubenville telegraph office to take eastern business coming in by wire from Pittsburgh and send the dispatches by boat down the river to Wheeling, where they would fund a library in Steubenville, and in February 1899, Carnegle responded that he had fond memorles of the city during his brief stay here as a young man, and that he would fund a library if the city provided the building lot and operational expenses.

On April 22, 1899, City Council Issued bonds for $15,000.00 to purchase the Sarratt property located at Steubenville and East Liverpool, which were the first two Ohio citles to recelve Carnegle therefore this personal connection probably accounts for the more generous than usual gifts the library was completed on May 1, 1900, with library construction beginning on September it exceeded that given to most other cities of the same size (for example Sandusky and East reduced funding levels in favor of simpler more functional library designs rather than funding expensive monumental structures. The Pittsburgh architectural firm of Alden and Harlow, which until 1896 was known as Longfellow, Alden and Harlow with offices in Pittsburgh and Boston, and was a successor in this region.

The design of the Carnegie Library of Steubenville is important, since it Alden and Harlow contained entry towers such as the Steubenville building, these being the Salem, Ohio, McKeesport, Pennsylvania and those previously described, Alden and Harlow were private residences of many Carnegle partners and members of the Mellon family. Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places Iibraries in Duquesne,Homestead, Braddock, Allegheny and Steubenville Institute. Today, firm to that of H.H.Richardson,is responsible for the design of the Carnegie Library in Section number _ generously provided the funds necessary to cover the increased cost. The amount of Carnegie's gift is significant in that with the exception of the Pittsburgh library system, Steubenville. The task of designing the Ilbrary was completed in 1897 as a prerequisite to the request for Carnegle funding.

The firm designed many other pre-1906 library buildings the towers remain at only the Allegheny, and Steubenville libraries. After 1900, none of responsible for Pittsburgh's Duquesne Club, many Pittsburgh office buildings, and the be repalred, Carnegie was responsible for keeping telegraph communications open to and from Page The building South Fourth and Slack Streets.In June 1899,Carnegie authorized funding for libraries in was erectedata cost of $62,000.00which exceeded Carnegie's original gift;however,he Carnegie Library of Steubenville, Jefferson County, Ohio 9.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Major Bibliographical References Steubenville Historic Landmarks Commission, Steubenville Historic Contexts and Resource Steubenville Sesquincentennial Committee, Steubenville Sesquincentennial. H.C. Cook Bobinski, George S. Carnegie Libraries, Their History and Impact on American Public Library Development. American Library Association. Chicago, IL 1969. tectural Record, July 1985. Simmons, David A. Carnegie Libraries in Ohio. Echoes.

Ohio Historical Society, April X See continuation sheet Previous documentation on file (NPS): N/A Epreliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) Primary location of additional data: has been requested X_ State historic preservation office Jpreviously listed in the National Register Other State agency previously determined eligible by the National Register J designated a National Historic Landmark recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # Jrecorded by Historic American Engineering Specify repository: Record # 10.

Geographical Data UTM References Verbal Boundary Description Beginning at the southwest corner of Slack Street and South Fourth Street, and running in a westerly direction along Slack Street forming a side property line 140 feet to a point, then turning in a southerly direction forming the rear property line and running Street in a northerly direction 150 feet to the forming the front property line. Boundary Justification The boundary includes the entire City lot that has historically been associated with the 11. Form Prepared By name/title _ Christopher J. Petrossi, City Planner & Michael Tabeling, AIA organization _ Steubenville Historic Landmarks Commissiondate May 14, 1992 _telephone(614) 283-6076 city or town - 1981. property.

University Easting Other Steubenville Local government Federal agency Northing 184 feet toa point,then turning in an easterly direction forming a side property See continuation sheet place of beginning ville's Governmental Commercial and Social Center, 1870-1950. Steubenville, Ohio 1991. Company. Steubenville, Ohio 1947. Wall, Joseph Frazier. Andrew Carnegie. University of Pittsburgh Press. Pittsburgh Acreage of property 0.53 acre street & number 308 Market Street _ state - Rub, Timothy. "The Day of Big Operations": Andrew Carnegie and his libraries, Archi- Zone PA 1989. United States Department of the Interlor National Park Service Natlonal Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Carhegie Library of Steubenville, Jefferson Co., OH Simmons, David A. Research Notes for Article "Carnegie Libraries in Ohio" Ohio Historic Preservation Office. Reid, A.M.

Letter to Andrew Carnegie 1898: Carnegie, Andrew, Letter to Reid, A.M. February I1, 1899. Medford Mass.Telephone Interview & Harlow Information),January 27,1992. Sectlon number . Floyd,Prof.Margaret Henderson.Department of Art and Art History, Tuft University, Page Form No. 10-3008 (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTOR Y -- NOMINATION FORM Carnegie Library of Steubenville, Jefferson County. Ohio PAGE 1 of 1 The information below in items 1) through 5) is the same for all photographs listed, except photograph No. 22, which is a reproduction of a circa 1938 photograph taken prior to removal of top section of tower. 1) Carnegie Library of Steubenville 402 South Fourth Street 2) Steubenville, Ohio 3) Photographs taken by Christopher J.

Petrossi 4) Photographs taken on May 7, 1992 5) Original negatives located at Steubenville Historic Landmarks Commission, 308 Market Street, Steubenville, Ohio Looking East at North side ot Butiding. Looking North at north reading room. Looking North into north reading room from lobby. Looking East at main entrance from lobby. Looking West at front of building prior to removal of top PHOTOGRAPHS RECEIVED PHOTO NUMBER VIEW CONTINUATION SHEET DATE ENTERED ITEM NUMBER Looking Southwest at front of building. Looking West at front of building 1 of 1 Looking North at South side of building. Looking East at rear of building Looking South into south reading room from lobby. Looking South at North side of building. section of tower 1938). LL WALL SOUTH FOURTH STREET . C- CONTRIBUTING RESOURCE PHOTO VIEW Jefferson Co.

Ohio FENCE STONE EXISTING PARKING SIDEWALK CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF STEUBENVILLE SLACK STREET CHAIN LINK N- NON- CONTRIBUTING RESOURSE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET NAME : DATE OF 45TH DAY: NOMINATOR: STATE OTHER : N PDIL: N PERIOD: COMMENT WAIVER: N ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS : 8/03/92 9/17/92 REJECT DATE MULTIPLE RECOM./CRITERIA NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: DATE RECEIVED: REASONS FOR REVIEW: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: LESS THAN 5O YEARS: - 9/03/92 LANDSCAPE: N SLR DRAFT: N REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION 8/18/92 RETURN DISCIPLINE NATIONAL: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N DATE OF PENDING LIST: STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION _historic _architectural classification _descriptive text _summary paragraph _completeness _clarity _applicable criteria _context _relationship of integrity to significance _justification of exception _other GEOGRAPHICAL DATA _acreage _verbal boundary description _boundary justification - Phone current FUNCTION Period materials DESCRIPTION BIBLIOGRAPHY SIGNIFICANCE Builder/Architect CLASSIFICATION _count Date justification of areas checked Specific dates OTHER COMMENTS ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION/PRESENTATION relating significance to the resource Questions concerning this nomination may be directed to Signed Areas of Significance--Check and justify below Statement of Significance one paragraph) _resource type UTMS _sketch maps - -presentation USGS maps _photographs CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF STEUBENVILLE JEFFERSON COONTY, CHIO PHOTO # | OF 22 CARNEGIE LIDRARY OF STEUBENUILE JEFFERSON COUNTU OHIO PHOTO #2 OFZ2 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF STEUBENULLE JEFFERSON COUNTY OHIO PHOTO #3 OF 22 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF STEUBENVILE JEFFERTON COUNTY OHIO CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF STEUBENVLLE PHOTO # 6 OF 22 JEFFERSON COUNTY OHIO PHOTO #8 OF Z2 PHOTO #9 or 22 CARNEGIE CIBRARI OF STRUBENULE JEFFERSON COUNTY ONIO PHOTO #14 OF 22 JEFFERSON COUNTY OHLO JEFFERSON COUNTY OHO TEFFERSON COUNTY OHO PHOTO # 17 0F 22 PHOTO # 18 OF 22 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF STENBENLLCR PHOTO # 21 OF22 PHOTO # 22 OF 22 E 532413 JEFFERSON CO., STEUBENVILLE EAST, OHIO-W.

VA.-PA. STEUBENVILLE EAST QUADRANGLE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CARNEGIE LIBRARY OHIO-WEST VIRGINIA -PENNSYLVANIA OHIO - State Route 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY N4467038 OF STFJBENVILLE UTm: Ohio Historic Preservation Office Ohio Historical Center 1982 Velma Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43211-2497 Fax: 614/297-2411 July 27, 1992 SINCE 1885 Ms. Carol Shull, Chief National Register of Historic Places National Park Service Department of the Interior P.O. Box 37127 Dear Ms. Shull: notification procedures have been followed for these new submissions.

Carnegie Library of Steubenville Ne request a substantive review of the Carnegie Library of Steubenville nomination for its relationship to Criterion A, which is not claimed in the should be nominated under both Criteria A and C, but it is the opinion of this office that the documentation does not justify significance under Criterion A. It is our opinion, however, that the property is eligible for listing in the Please contact me if you have any questions. W. Ray Luce State Historic Preservation Officer 614/297-2470 County HISTORICAL Lucas Sincerely, Jefferson Enclosures New Submissions John Isham Farmstead Register under Criterion C.We would be most interested in any comments you Enclosed are two (2) new National Register nominations. All the appropriate present documentation. The State Review Board resolved that the property or your staff may have regarding this matter.

Washington, D.C. 20013-7127 SOCIETY OHIO