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Nomination for Paragon Park Carousel

The case file that argued this property on to the National Register: 7,598 words across 31 pages, filed in 1999. Reproduced in full, word for word.

Source document Held by the National Archives in Record Group 79 as reference 99001081, where it exists only as a scan with no text layer. The words below were read off that scan by machine, so the occasional stray character is the recogniser's and the typewriter's. Nothing is summarised, corrected or written by this site. See the catalogue record, or return to the property.

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB No. 1024-0018 vEIVED AUG -R1999 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NATIONAL REGISTER, HISTORY & EDUCATION This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts See instrugtiooALp4RKCSinp/éCathe National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a).

Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name PARAGON PARK CAROUSEL other names/site number_CAROUSEL UNDER THE CLOCK; PHILADELPHIA TOBOGGAN CO. #85 2. Location street & number 1 Wharf Avenue not for publication city or town Hull state_ Massachusetts _ code_MA county_Plymouth code_023 - vicinity _ zip code_02045 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this/-nomination - nationally - statewide %Jocally. (- See continuation sheet for additional comments.) udiko. MeDanough Signature of certifying official/Title Judith B.

MeDonough, Executive Director Massachusetts Historical Commission, State Historic Preservation Officer State or Federal agency and bureau 7/33/91 In my opinion, the property - meets [ does not meet the National Register criteria. ( See continuation sheet for additional Comments.) Signature of certifying official/Title Date State or Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service Certification Signature of the Keeper attick Andus Date of Action 9/4/99 - determined eligible for the National Register - See continuation sheet. - determined not eligible for the National Register - removed from the National Register D other (explain): Paragon Park Carousel Name of Property 5.

Classification wnership of Propert Check as many boxes as apply Xprivate _public-local _ public-State _public-Federal (Check only one box) _ building(s) - district _ Site xstructure _object Plymouth, MA County and State Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.) Contributing Noncontributing 1 1 building sites _structures objects Total 2 Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register n/a Name of related multiple property listing (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) n/a 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions) Recreation and Culture: amusement park/work of art Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) Recreation and Culture: amusement park/ work of art 7.

Description Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions) Late 19th and 20" century revivals Other: 12 sided octagon-style revival Materials (Enter categories from instructions) foundation_ concrete walls stucco roof other asphalt Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) OMB Aaprovel Na. 1024-0018 MPS Form 10-900-e (8-86) United States Department of the interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet 7 1 Section number. Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA Page. T. NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION The Paragon Park Carousel at Hull, Massachusetts, was built in 1928 for the Paragon Park Amusement Park. It is set on an irregularly shaped parcel of land between Nantasket Avenue and George Washington Boulevard at Nantasket Beach.

Once centrally placed along the amusements of Paragon Park, the carousel was moved on April 8, 1996 about a half-block north to land now owned by the Metropolitan District Commission (MDC). The present Wharf Avenue was reconfigured to provide a home for the carousel. In its new home on Nantasket Avenue, the carousel is bordered to the east across the avenue by the historic MDC Pavilion, now used for concerts. Across George Washington Boulevard to the west lies Nantasket Pier. Wharf Avenue forms the northern edge of the carousel's site. Located just nine miles by sea from Boston, Nantasket Beach in Hull has been an important seaside resort since the 1870s. Hull, Massachusetts (2 ½ sq. mi.) is one of the northernmost towns in Plymouth County, and is comprised of the beach causeway known as Nantasket Beach and two hills that make up Hull's peninsula.

Flanked by three busy roadways to the east, west and north, and by the Clock Tower Building to the south, the carousel is appropriately set in the heart of what was once a bustling seaside resort and amusement center. Built in 1928 by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company (PTC) for Paragon Park, the carousel (PTC #85) combines material from both the Dentzel Carousel Company and the PTC which bought Dentzel's assets in 1928. Two chariots pulled by twohorses each are thought to be from the Dentzel shop, as is the carousel's motor. The rest of the carousel, with its four rows of horses (66 in all), were made by the PTC. One of only 18 four-row carousels ever produced by PTC (out of 110), it is some forty feet in diameter. Housed in a specially built twelve-sided stucco structure, the carousel and its building weighed some 120 tons when it was moved in 1986.

Unlike the earliest carousels in which the top of the ride formed a flat disk, the Hull carousel boasts a scalloped top, with fully articulated barrel vaults. The carousel follows a typical plan, with a center pole providing the support for wooden ribs called "sweeps" at the top of the carousel. The sweeps are perpendicularly braced by wooden brackets in three concentric rings. The outside edge of the carousel's top is further braced with a set of segmental arches atop the last ring of brackets. These support the barrel-vaults created by the scalloped form of the carousel's top. These vaults, the underside of the carousel's top, have been decorated with panels of clouds and butterflies.

The scalloped "rounding board" which creates a rim on the top of the (continued) NPS Form 10-900-e (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Approvel No. 1024-0018 Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA Section number - 7 Page - carousel is heavily embetlished with cherubs, cartouches set with paintings of international scenes, and lights outlining the scalloped edge. Below its scalloped top, 66 horses and two Roman style chariots parade in endless circles. A small enclosure at the center of the carousel houses its machinery and hides the center pole from view. Above the enclosure an inner rounding board forms a ring. It is rimmed with lights and painted with gold swags. Eighteen goddess heads are placed at intervals on the cornice of this inner ring.

The enclosure below flares to meet the ring, and this flared upper portion of it is decorated with oil painted panels depicting amusement parks scenes as well as scenes of 1928-era current events, such as the ticker tape parade given in honor of Charles Lindbergh. Below the flared panels are tombstone shaped flat panels. Framed by brackets, several of the panels are also oil paintings of popular scenes, while others are beveled mirrors. The curve of each panel is emphasized in lights. Paint evidence has allowed the restoration of these panels with their bright salmon pink background and Art Deco gold leaf boarders. A wooden belt course frames the enclosure at waist height and a faux-marble-painted shelf is attached to this at the point where the operator runs the ride. Inside the enclosure, an electric motor-pulley drive system turns the drive shaft for the carousel.

Unlike most PTC carousels, which used the friction-drive system patented by founder Henry B. Auchy, the Hull carousel uses a rheostat switch (similar to those in trolley cars) obtained from Dentzel. Twelve stationary horses or "standers" form the outside row of the carousel's horses. One of these is the lead horse which wears a chevron on its breast carved with the initials "PTC." Eight smaller "standers" are interspersed with moving horses in the three other rows. Two flower-garlanded horses pull each roman-style chariot. Once boasting button-tufted velvet upholstery, today the chariots are cushioned in more practical vinyl. There are 42 moving horses known as "jumpers," all of which have the same leg position but differing head positions. Three different head positions are found on the Hull carousel: chargers, stargazers, and tucked heads.

Both the Dentzel horses and the PTC horses, while they may differ in their stylistic specifics, are excellent examples of the "Philadelphia Style" of carousel carving, which embraced elegance and realism. The figures of "Philadelphia Style" carousels are typically carved in a natural pose and are painted in naturalistic colors. While early carousel figures were carved by hand, by 1912 PTC had begun machine carving with duplicating routers. Final details of each horse were still hand-carved, and the work supervised by a head carver. While all 66 horses were repainted many times in their 70-year careers, they are gradually being restored to their original colors and decoration based on paint evidence. As of this writing, 24 of the 66 have been restored using the same kind of japanning technique utilized on the original carousel.

(continued) MPS Form 8-86 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Aaprovel Na. 1024-0018 7 3 Section number Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA Page. The carouser's organ is a replacement, but is nearly identical to the original 1928 Wurlitzer used for the Hull carousel. It is also a 1928 Wurlitzer, model 146B, housed in a model 153 housing. Such organs had mechanisms similar to those in player pianos, using punched paper rolls through which air was pulled to create music. It is not presently in use, as it needs repair, but is still functional, with six rolls of twelve tunes each. Until repairs are put in hand, music is provided with a compact disc player. The paintings on the organ case are modern replacements and not original to the organ.

While most of the carousel, including its 35 oil paintings, 36 cherubs, and 18 goddesses, are original, the fence placed around the carousel is not. It was installed when the carousel was moved in 1986 for safety reasons. Similarly, the brass ring mechanism which was once installed on the carousel has been removed for safety and liability reasons. Hull's carousel is housed in a twelve-sided stucco building eighty feet in diameter, created especially for it in 1928. Topped with a "turtle-shell," shingled, domed roof, the building is supported by six laminated wood arches on the inside. In the Rational Revival Style, the roof rafters are left exposed on the exterior of the building. Each of the twelve sides is pierced by a set of four windows framed as one, with two eight-light, single-hung sashes flanking two twelve-light, single-hung sashes.

Once hinged and moveable, they are now stationary. Below each window is a door opening which now contains a modern metal garage door with small windows. The original doors were sets of two wood-paneled doors with two rows of four-paned windows across the top of each door. While the interior of the building once had its frame completely exposed, plasterboard has been added to create walls. Modern decorative cornices and frames mounted on the new walls now draw the eye to murals reproduced from old postcards and other decorative touches and donor acknowledgments. The roof framing, however, is still exposed. The Paragon Park Carousel at Hull operated continuously from 1928 until Paragon park closed its doors in 1984. While it has undergone frequent painting and minor repair in its 70-year history, nearly all of its original features are intact.

Since its removal and reinstallation just a few doors down from its original site in 1986, the carousel has continued to delight patrons of all ages. Archaeological Description While no prehistoric sites are located on the nominated property, it is possible that sites are present. Seven sites are located in the general area (within one mile) of the carousel. Environmental characteristics of the property also represent favorable (continued) MPS Form 10-900-e 13-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Approvel No. 1024-0018 7 Section number - Page. Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA locational criteria (slope, drainage, distance to wetlands) for many types of prehistoric sites.

The nominated property is level, well drained and lies in close proximity (within 1000 feet) to both Massachusetts Bay and the Weir River estuary. In general, however, the potential for locating significant archaeological resources, both prehistoric and Historic, on the property is low. The land on which the carousel now sits was formerly Wharf Avenue. The carousel was moved to that site in 1986, at which time a new concrete foundation was erected for the carousel building. The construction of Wharf Avenue, its demolition and the new carousel building foundation have probably impacted any archaeological resources that may have been present at this location. (end) Paragon Park Carousel Name of Property 8. Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.) XA Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. _B Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. X C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. _D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Criteria Considerations (Mark "x" in all the boxes that apply.) Property is: _A owned by religious institution or used for religious purposes. X B removed from its original location.

_C a birthplace or grave. _D a cemetery.. _E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. _F a commemorative property. _G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within the past 50 years. Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) Plymouth, MA County and State Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions) Art Entertainment/Recreation Period of Significance 1928-1949 Significant Dates 1928 Significant Person (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) n/a Cultural Affiliation n/a Architect/Builder Frank Carrera (master carver); Gustav (Gus) Weiss (artist); Max Soltman (artist 9.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data: - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 X State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested . Other State agency _ previously listed in the National Register Federal agency _ previously determined eligible by the National Local government Register University _ designated a National Historic Landmark x Other _recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # _ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # Name of repository: Friends of the Paragon Carousel, Inc. Hull, MA popsrom 10-200n United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 1 OMB Approvel No.

1024-0018 Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA 8. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The Paragon Park Carousel on Nantasket Beach in Hull, Massachusetts is significant as one of only two four-row wooden carousels still extant in Massachusetts, in a total of only about 170 pre-1950 wooden carousels in the United States. It possesses integrity of design, materials, workmanship, feeling and association, and meets Nation Register Criteria A and C at the state level. Under Criteria A, the carousel is significant as it reflects both important patterns in the development of Hull and in the creation of amusement parks in Massachusetts in the early twentieth century. The 1920 Paragon Park Carousel also meets Criterion C as it exemplifies the pinnacle of "Philadelphia Style" wooden carousel production which ended with the beginning of the Great Depression in 1929.

While the carousel has been moved, it satisfies Criteria Consideration B since it is the sole remaining attraction from Hull's Paragon Park Amusement Park (1904-1984) still residing in Massachusetts. Moreover, the carousel's new location is still within the amusement park district of Nantasket Beach, less than a block from its original location. This is quite unusual, as most historic carousels in the United States have been moved multiple times. The period of significance for the Paragon Park carousel extends from its creation in 1928 until 1949, based upon its continuous use throughout that time and to the present. Called "Nantascot" by the Wampanoag Indians, Hull, Massachusetts was settled as early as 1622 as one of the Plymouth Colony's trading stations, through it was not incorporated until 1644.

Until the 1870s its was sparsely populated, the primary industries being fishing, ship building and repair, and agriculture. While in 1775 there were as many as twenty fishing vessels working out of Hull and fifty houses, the Revolution drained the town of most of its male inhabitants, so that by 1848 Hull had only about 25 houses and was described as "the least populous town in Massachusetts." Efforts to promote industry were unsuccessful, as indicated by the failure of the Tudor family to establish a functioning salt works in 1'826. As late as 1850 Hull could only boast 38 houses with a population of 253. By the 1880s, Hull had begun to reinvent itself as a center for summer recreation. It had become, as historian M.F. Sweetser described it, "an opulent American summer resort." As early as 1854, Hull native Col.

Nehemiah Ripley realized the summer resort potential provided by Hull's situation, surrounded as it was by water on three sides and only nine miles by sea from Boston. In that year he constructed the Rockland House, the first of what would become many waterside hotels on or near Nantasket Beach. Easy transportation to Hull was ensured by the creation of Nantasket (continued) MPS Form 10-900e (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OM8 Approvel No. 1024-0018 8 2 Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA Section number. Page - Pier in 1869 and the Nantasket Beach Raitroad in 1880. The population of both year- round and summer residents shot up accordingly. Many of Boston's wealthy elite, including department store magnate R.H. Stearns, built elaborate seaside houses.

In 1870 Hull recorded 48 "summer resorts" (presumably residences) and a winter population of 260. By 1900 there were 363 houses and a full-time population of 1734, a quadrupling in just thirty years. In 1910, the Sanborn Insurance map recorded a winter population of 2060 and summer visitors at 15,000, and this number increased to 20,000 by 1920. Population numbers remained steady throughout the 1920s. Amusements were apparently an important element in Hull's seaside attractions from its inception as s summer resort. As early as the Civil War, the Atlantic Park beer garden, owned jointly by the Schlitz Brewing Co., and the New Haven and Hingham Railroad, operated on the land which would become Paragon Park. By 1884, a 500-foot long "roller coaster" was installed on Nantasket Beach, thrilling customers with its 17 second ride.

This early use of attractions puts the Nantasket Beach resort into the forefront of the development of the American amusement park industry, an industry that only began following the Civil War, and went hand-in-hand with the development of electric trolley service. Not until the Chicago Columbian Exhibition of 1893 introduced the Ferris Wheel and amusement midway concept, did amusement parks take off nationally. By then Nantasket Beach had offered a modest array of attractions for almost thirty years. By 1896 a water slide with flat-bottomed boats was in place. Modeled on Capt. Paul Boynton's ride at Coney Island, the Shoot-the-Chutes, as they were called, were wildly successful, accommodating as many as 3,000 riders on any given day. By 1897 Nantasket boasted a Ferris Wheel, movies, an alligator exhibition, a carousel, the Chutes, and a "toboggan slide" or roller coaster.

As many as half a dozen carousels operated on Nantasket Beach by the end of the 1890s, so carousels were clearly an important element in the resort's attractions. The huge crowds attracted to Nantasket by the combination of expansive windswept beaches and exciting amusements had the effect of horrifying and driving out the wealthy elite who had once summered in peace at Hull. No doubt the rocketing crime rate also contributed to their flight - prostitution, gambling and rampant thievery were also openly condoned by Hull's selectmen according to Hull historian Dr. William Bergan. By 1899 the situation was so dire that state lawmakers passed special legislation giving ownership of 5600 feet of Nantasket Beach, Nantasket Avenue and other nearby public ways to the Metropolitan Park Commission (later the Metropolitan District Commission or MDC).

An important element of the legislation was the prohibition of liquor licenses within 400 feet of the reservation. This legislation paved the way for a more orderly development of Nantasket Beach, and prompted the investment of money in amusement attractions by more (continued) MPS Form 10-900-e (3-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Approvel No.1024-0018 Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA Section number - Page - respectable elements. Another important factor in the growth of Nantasket's amusement facilities was the introduction of electric trolley service in 1902. In 1904 George A. Dodge led a consortium of Boston businessmen (incorporated as the Eastern Park Construction Co.), in taking over the site of the 1903 Steeplechase Amusement Park at Nantasket Beach.

Capitalized at $600,000, the new Paragon Park was modeled on Luna Park at Coney Island, and intended to offer state-of-the-art amusements. Dodge boasted, "With twenty-five acres of land...I intend to give New Englanders a park they will be proud of..." It opened in 1905. The creation of Paragon Park, whose capacity was planned for 100,000 visitors daily, was the final straw for Hull's wealthy summer visitors who quickly decamped. The park included a lagoon complete with Venetian gondola, 100,000 electric lights, and a variety of shows housed in some thirty elaborate buildings. Only four rides were planned: a roller coaster, an Old Mill (or water slide), circle swings, and a merry-go- round. From its inception in 1905, Paragon Park placed its carousel at the hub of its amusement attractions, just south of the main entrance gate.

While this was just the first of several carousels to be installed in the park, its inclusion in the earliest iteration of Paragon Park shows the importance of the form as an attraction. Carousels themselves have been known since at least 500 A.D., as attested by a Byzantine bas-relief showing riders swinging in baskets tied to a center pole. The element of horsemanship and the word "carousel" derives from the Italian and Spanish words "garosello" and "carosella." They mean "little war" and describe a 12" century game on horseback played in Turkey and Arabia. The French added lavish displays of clothing and horsemanship to their carousels. Portable carousel ride were mounted on wagons and traveled from fair to fair in Europe in the 18t and 19 centuries.

In this country, the first known carousel appeared in Salem, Massachusetts in 1799, and was known as a "ring of flying horses." The golden age of carousels in the United States was between 1875-1935 when some 10,000 were built. However today only about 170 wooden pre-1950 carousels still exist, only seven of them in Massachusetts. The 1876 "Flying Horses" carousel in Oak Bluffs, on the island of Martha's Vineyard, is a National Historic Landmark and is the oldest operating platform carousel in the United States. In addition, a 1909 Mangels-Illinois four-row wooden carousel is installed in Agawam's Riverside Park. A 1911-1912 Looff wooden three-row carousel may be found at Heritage Plantation in Sandwich, while a 1909-1910 Looff/Mix carousel is at Whalom park in Lunenburg.

Two other PTC carousels are located in the Bay State: PTC #54, a three-row carousel at Heritage Park (continued) NPS Form 10-900-e 8-86 OMB Approvel No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 4 Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA in Fall River, and PTC #80, a three-row merry-go-round at Holyoke Heritage State Park in Holyoke. Only the "Flying Horses," and the carousels in Agawam and Fall River have previously been listed on the National Register.PTC #85, the Paragon Park carousel, is thus a rare survival of this art form, one of only two four-row carousels left in Massachusetts. Moreover, it has regional importance as one of only two amusements surviving from Paragon Park, a recreational destination for families from all over New England.

Hull itself was also important as a major Jewish summer community. Paragon Park suffered its first fire in 1911. Its damaged attractions were rebuilt and alterations made to the park, but another storm in the spring of 1916 and fire in September of that year tried to finish off the park. A new carousel was installed following these disasters. It was again given a pace of prominence just off the main entrance and centrally placed on the park's main avenue just in front of the lagoon. The park was sold in 1920 to David Stone and Albert Golden, longtime Nantasket concessionaires. It is not known why a new carousel was ordered for Paragon Park in 1928, but the new merry-go-round was certainly substantially larger than the old one, as evidenced by the Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps of 1922 and 1929.

It was ordered from the Philadelphia Toboggan Company (PTC), which built it at a cost of $19,946.91 and charged the park $20,500 for it. It was a four-row carousel with wooden horses that were probably machine-carved with a duplicating router and then finished by hand. The carousel mechanism was not of PTC's make, but was acquired from the Dentzel Carousel Company, as were the two Roman chariots with their horses. The carousel thus represents a mixture of the best works of two of the most prominent carousel markers in the country.

Both Dentzel and the PTC made carousels of the highest structural and artistic quality in what became known as the "Philadelphia style." Elegant but naturalistic horses and menagerie figures painted in naturalistic colors were the hallmarks of the Philadelphia Style, in sharp contrast to "the flamboyant and fantastical Coney Island style and the simple, pragmatic Country Fair style," according to PTC archivist Laura Grauer. The Dentzel Company was one of the foremost carousel builders in the United States. The brainchild of its founder Gustav Dentzel, the son of a carousel maker in Germany, the company got its start in Philadelphia is 1860. The German Dentzels were originally wagon makers whose carousels were portable, carried from fair to fair in the summer.

The Dentzel Company in the United States provided carousels with hand carved horses and menagerie figures to amusement parks all over the country.: Gustav's son William Dentzel carried on the business until 1929, although apparently he (continued) pos fomm 10-900-1 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Aaprovel Na. 1024-0018 8 5 Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA Section number - Page sold carousel and carousel parts to PTC before that date (which PTC then reworked and sold as PTC products.) The Philadelphia Toboggan Company was founded by Henry B. Auchy in 1904, its primary products carousels and "toboggan slides," known today as roller coasters.

Competition (in addition to Dentzel) was fierce from other carousel makers such as the high-end makers Mangels and Illions of Coney Island, Stein and Goldstein of New York, and the Looff Brothers of New England and California. Independent craftsmen also sometimes created whole carousels, such as the Muller Brothers of Philadelphia and the Hartons of Pittsburgh. Armitage-Herschell, the forerunner of off-shoot firms Herschell- Spillman, Allen Herschell & Co. and Spillman Engineering (all of New York), as well as Parker Co. of Leavenworth, Kansas also provided competition as low-cost alternatives. The result was that carouselmanufacturers initially were forced to lease rather than sell their products, and this is one reason so many historic carousels have been moved.

Hull's carousel is the rare exception, having been designed for Paragon Park, and having remained in Hull continuously since 1928. In the two decades after its incorporation, PTC's product line expanded to include such amusement attractions as mill chutes, water toboggans, fun houses, arcade games, and flat rides. Between 1904 and 1930 PTC produced 75 original hand- carved wooden carousels under the direction of a number of head carvers. They also acquired carousels from a number of competitors, including the Dentzel Carousel Company, rebuilding and reworking the acquired parts into PTC carousels in the 1920s and 1930s. The Paragon Park Carousel is just one example in which parts of a Dentzel carousel were combined with PTC elements. PTC also sold other amusements to Paragon Park: the Giant Coaster in 1917 (refurbished 1932), and the Mill Chute in 1917 (rebuilt 1928).

The Great Depression put the finishing touches on a decline in the carousel industry that had been evident beginning as early as 1914. Other rides such as roller coasters and "old mills" became more popular. The result was that carousels were often sold or leased to amusement parks as part of a package deal that also included a roller coaster and mill chute. It is possible that this is the explanation for PTC's very slim profit of only $553 on Hull's carousel, which was priced at $20,500. Carousel production ended permanently in 1931 at PTC, although the company continued to service its carousels. PTC sold its last carousel animals in stock in the late 1950s, but the company (which today specializes in roller coasters) still carries replacement parts for carousel machinery.

(continued) MPS Form 10-900- 3-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet 8 6 Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA Section number Page - That carousel production was an art as least as much as it was an industry is evidenced both by the very beautiful carousels and carousel animals that still exist today, and by the production methods for carousels, which were never able to be completely mechanized. While the 1928 Paragon Park carousel may have been produced with the help of a specially designed duplicating router, much of the finish carving of the horses' facial features and decorations were done by hand. Before about 1912, carousel figures were completely hand carved, many of them by individual artists who sometimes signed their work.

The PTC began using a duplicating router in 1912 that could rough out as many as four horse heads at one time. Carousel animals' bodies, made of laminated basswood or apple-wood, could also be roughed out in this way. Hand carving continued, however, as evidenced by this report from an article in the Philadelphia Bulletin in 1927 about PTC head carver Frank Carretta: ...and with his mallet and with his narrow chisels and curved chisels and hooked chisels, and flat chisels and noisy chisels, Frank Carretta does his work on the great big block of basswood that he puts together into horses for merry-go-rounds. How many horses has he made? One every week for many years. And every one is different... OMB Approvel No. 1024-0018 Frank Carretta was head carver at PTC from 1922 until the company stopped making carousels in 1931.

He followed head carvers Leo Zoller and John Zalar at PTC, each of whom had a unique carving style. It is not known if Carretta himself carved any of the horses on Hull's carousel in 1928, but each head carver set a unique style, which the carvers who worked under him then executed. Carretta himself is recognized for his excellence as an artist. In addition to winning several carving awards in the 1920s, his carousel figures have earned him a place in the carousel-carvers Hall of Fame in Sarasota, Florida. Beyond the artistry evident in the carved carousel figures of the Paragon Park Carousel, the carousel structure itself should be considered an artistic achievement. In addition to its horse and chariots, the carousel boasts 35 oil paintings, 36 plaster cherubs, 18 goddess heads, scalloped rounding boards, and a canopy painted with clouds and butterflies.

No part of the carousel was left undecorated: even the counters around the mechanism housing have bee painted with faux marbling (presently being restored based on paint evidence.) The shop of Philadelphia artist Gustav Weiss was responsible for painting all PTC carousels from 1906-1932, including the Paragon Park Carousel. His assistants usually primed the animals with white lead paint while Weiss himself worked on the (continued) PsFo 109001 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Aaprovel No. 1021-0018 8 Page - 7 Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA Section number horses' and chariots' details. Weiss himself was responsible for the Art Deco design of the mechanism housing's panels, the faux marbling, and the canopy and rounding board painting.

Artist Max Soltner of Philadelphia created the oil paintings that were mounted on panels on the machinery housing and set in cartouches on the rounding boards. Plaster ornaments such as cupids, birds, donkeys and trees and provided for PTC carousels by the Tuscany Art Company. This collaboration of artists produced an almost overwhelming richness of decorative detail, which was amplified by the many beveled glass mirrors set into the machinery housing panels and by hundreds of lights. The Paragon Park carousel which was shipped to Paragon Park in 1928 should thus be seen as the culmination of an American carousel building tradition that had originated some 60 years earlier in the aftermath of the Civil War.

The twelve sided domed stucco building which was created to house the largest of all the carousels at Paragon Park, continued to protect the Paragon Park Carousel despite a serious fire at the park in 1963 and the Blizzard of 1978, which did some water damage to the carousel. Park owners continued to maintain the carousel and its building throughout this century, regularly repainting the animals and elements of the carousel itself. Fortunately maintenance did not include paint stripping, so that much paint evidence survives to guide the restoration efforts of artist James Hardison who has restored twenty-four of the horses and some of the machinery housing panels to date. Paragon Park stayed in continuous operation from its opening in 1905 until its purchase by real estate developers in 1984.

While most rides were dismantled, the Giant Coaster was saved and shipped to Wide World, an amusement park fifteen miles east of Washington D.C. The effort to save the carousel, the only other attraction from Paragon Park that still exists, were fraught with difficulty. The carousel was auctioned horse-by-horse in December of 1985, and purchased in this manner for a total of $598,800 by a Save-the-Carousel Committee and funded by several local businessmen. Since the carousel's site at Paragon Park was to become a condominium complex, a new site was selected about ¼-mile north of the carousel's original location, on land which was formerly Wharf Avenue. The carousel's horses and interior scenery were stored, and on April 8, 1986 the stucco building and remainder of the carousel were moved onto a new concrete foundation.

Today the Paragon Park Carousel (PTC #85) is set adjacent to the historic Clock Tower Building and is operated by the non-profit organization, The Friends of the Paragon Carousel, Inc. The Friends continue to restore and maintain this historic carousel, which continues to delight riders of all ages as it has done for seventy years. (end) MpS Fom 10-900-0 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Approvel Na. 1024-0018 Section number Page. 1 Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY Abramson, Tammy. "Carousel Under the Clock Maintenance Report." TS. 1995. 1-2 Bergan, Dr. William M. Old Nantasket. North Quincy, MA: Christopher Publishing House. 1968 Dentzel, William H. "The Dentzel Carousel Company est. 1837." On line posting: http://www.dentzel.com/aboutdcc.html.n.d.

Friends of the Paragon Park Carousel. "A Little Carousel History." TS. n.d. Grauer, Laura J. "Preserving Carousel History." Merry-Go-Roundup. Evanston, IL: National Carousel Association. Spring, 1997, 6-9. Goldsack, Bob. A Century of Fun, A Pictorial History of New England Amusement Parks. Midway Museum Publications, 1993. Hardison, James. Personal interview on history and restoration of the Carousel Under the Clock. July 21, 1998. Jacques, Charles J. "The Carousels of the Philadelphia Toboggan Company." Amusement Park Journal, 5.5 (1984), 1-38. Mandell, Pat. "Captivated by Carousels." Yankee Magazine's New England.Com. Online posting. Http://www.newengland.com/monthly/carousel.html 1997.1-6. Means, Dennis. E.A. Bartlett's Nantasket Beach, a Pictorial Introduction to Hull, Massachusetts During the 1890s. Photographs by Edrick A. Barlett from the Collection of the Means Library.

Hull, MA: Means Library Publishers, 1995. Transcriber. The Tenth Census of Population of the United States, 1880. Micro. T9, roll 550. Morgan, Brian. "The Dentzel Menagerie: an Ongoing Search." Reprinted from Merry- Go-Roundup. National Carousel Association. Online posting. http://www.carousel.org/dentzel.html.1995.1-5. : (continued) NPS Form 10-900-e 8-86 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB AaprovelNo. 1024-0018 9 2 Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA Section number Page National Amusement Park Historical Association. "The Amusement Park Industry, a Very Brief History." Online posting. http://www.carousel.org/amusement.htmln.d.1-2. National Carousel Association. "The 1998 Carousel Census of the National Carousel Association." Online posting. http://www.carousel.org/nca/census/html. 1997.

Somerville, Peter. National Park Service. "Glen Echo Park: The Dentzel Carousel." Online posting. http://www.nps.gov/glec/caro/carousel.html.1998.1-5. Sweetser. M.F. King's Handbook of Boston Harbor. Reprint of 1882 edition. Boston/Cambridge: Friends of the Boston Harbor Islands, Inc. 1988. Thayer, Philip, transcriber. "Inhabitants of Hull, Massachusetts, the Censuses of the United States of 1850, 1860, and 1870." TS. 1987. The Shade of Alden. [pseud.] Notes on the Seashore or Random Sketches. Boston: Redding and Co. 1848. Townsend, Francine. "PTC 85: From Paragon park to Carousel under the Clock." Merry-Go-Roundup. National Carousel Association. Summer 1988. 14-17 Twelfth Census of the Population of the United States, 1900. Micro. 61 T623674. Maps and Plans. Hull's Assessor's Map. Sheet 37. Lot 8. February 1, 1996. Metropolitan District Commission. Nantasket Beach Reservation, 1900.

Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. 1898. 1910. 1916. 1922. 1929. Chadwyck-Healey Inc. (end) Paragon Park Carousel Name of Property Plymouth,MA County, State 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property less than one acre UTM References See continuation sheet. (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1. 19 346840 4681220 Zone Easting Northing *Zone Easting Northing 2one Easting 4. Zone Easting _ See continuation sheet Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By name/title_Susan S.

Nelson, Preservation consultant, with Betsy Friedberg, NR Director, MHC organization Massachusetts Historical Commission date July 1999 street & number 220 Morrissey Boulevard telephone_617-727-8470 city or town Boston state MA zip code_02125 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property. Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Friends of the Paragon Carousel, Inc. street & number P.O.

Box 100, 1 Wharf Avenue Northing Northing telephone781-925-0472 city or town Hull state_MA _ zip code_02045 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.0.

Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. pos Fomm 10200a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _10 Page - OMB Approvel No. 1024-0018 Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA 10. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA Verbal Boundary Description The boundaries of the nominated portion of Lot 8, Hull Assessor's Map 37, the Paragon Park Carousel in Hull, Massachusetts, are shown on the accompanying map. Boundary Justification The boundaries were selected to include only the property on which the carousel and its building have stood since being moved to this location 1986.

It is bounded on the north by Wharf Avenue, on the east by Nantasket Avenue, on the south by the Clock tower Building, and on the west by George Washington Boulevard. (end) Nps Fom 100000 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number photos Page OMB Approvel No. 1024-0018 Paragon Park Carousel Hull (Plymouth Co.), MA PHOTOGRAPHS : photographer: Susan Nelson, August 1998 negatives location: Massachusetts Historic Commission 1. Soutral view of Carousel Buiding, adjacento the Clck Tower Buiding, view facing 2. General view, Paragon Park Carousel, view facing Southwest 3. Oil painting of Lindbergh ticker-tape parade on inner ring of Paragon Park Carousel, view facing South 4. Dentzel Chariot pulled by two horses, Paragon Park Carousel, view facing Southwest 5.

PTC "Philadelphia Style" Carousel House on the Paragon Park Carousel, facing West. (end) PARAGON PARK SHOWING ROLLER COASTER. NANTASKET BEACH, MASS. PALM GARDEN CHILI 43942 Paragun Park Carousel in its origiral location, 1928-1986 Dentzel Roman Chariot Pulled by Twa Dentzel Horses, on Peragon Park Carsusel HOLL, MA. n.d. PARAGON PARK CAROUSEL Myron Klayman 85 Collage of Carousel Images Paragon Park Hull, MA Collage of Carousel Images, Paragon Park Carousel Hull, MA. n.d. Collage of Carousel Images Paragon Park Hull, MA Collage of Carousel Images, Paragon Park Carousel Hull, MA. n.d.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION PROPERTY Paragon Park Carousel NAME : MULTIPLE NAME: STATE & COUNTY: MASSACHUSETTS, Plymouth DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: 8/02/99 9/03/99 DATE OF PENDING LIST: DATE OF 45TH DAY: REFERENCE NUMBER: 99001081 8/18/99 9/16/99 REASONS FOR REVIEW: APPEAL: N DATA PROBLEM: N - LANDSCAPE: N OTHER : PDIL: PERIOD: REQUEST: N SAMPLE: SLR DRAFT:0 COMMENT WAIVER: N ACCEPT RETURN REJECT ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY COMMENTS: Eank aoth centuny carorall LESS THAN 50 YEARS: PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: NATIONAL: N N N DATE RECOM. /CRITERIA QUPT AEC REVIEWER Fattick Andun - DISCIPLINE_Historian TELEPHONE DATE 9/14/99 DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N 27 18.

OYJANVN SIH1 xydox 1a DaUnLSYIANYN H3dVd SIH1 9380 434Yd INNYW SIH1 XYGOX 43dyd SIHL - XvaO a3Hn10 H3d9 1Y3. SIHL Q3UN10YJNNVN H3d7d SIH1 XY00X 03Un10y! Had4d NYV XY00X OSUNLOYINNYN 434Yd STH1 XXGQX AE dauntoyannyn 43dY4 SIH1 xv00) O3HALO 830Y XY00X19 G3UN1OVINNVN HadVd SIH1 XV0OX GEUNIDYInNYN 43dVd SIH1 xv00 G34A1O 83dV Paragon Park Carousel Building, General View Hull, MA: Photograpter: Susan S. Nelson Location of Negatives: Massachusetts Historical Commission, 220 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA Date: July, 1998 View facing south Photo #i of 5 General Viewi, Paragon Park Carousel Hull, MA. Photographer: Svsan S. Nelson Location of Negative: Massachusetts Historical Comoission, 220 Morrisscy Blvd., Boston, MA.

Date : July, 1998 Vievy facing south vvest Photo # 2 of 5 034AL9V H3dYA S11 034 034012 034n 43dV Oil Painting of Lindbergh Ticker Tape Parade on Paragon Park Carousel (left side pane1) Hull, MA. Photograpter: Susan S. Nelson Location of Negative: Massachusetls Historical Commission, 220 Morrissey Blyd., Boston, MA. Date: July, 1918 View facing south Photo #3 of 5 Dentzel Chariot Pulled By Two Dentzel Horses on Paragon Park Carousel Hull, MA. Photograpter : Susan S. Nelson Location of Megative: Mosachosetts Historical Commission, 220 Morrissey Blrd., Boston, MA. Date: July, 1998 Vievy facing west (while carousel is stationary) Photo # 4 of 5 The Commonwealth of Massachusetts William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth Massachusetts Historical Commission RECEIVED July 28, 1999 Ms.

Carol Shull National Register of Historic Places Department of the Interior National Park Service Mail Stop 2280, Suite 400 1849 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20240 Dear Ms. Shull: AUG - I 1999 NATIONAL REGISTER, HISTORY & EDUCATION NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Enclosed please find the following nomination form: Paragon Park Carousel, Wharf Avenue, Hull (Plymouth Co.), Mass. The nomination has been voted eligible by the State Review Board and has been signed by the State Historic Preservation Officer. The owners of the property were notified of pending State Review Board consideration 30 to 45 days before the meeting and were afforded the opportunity to comment.

Sincerely, Betay Freidleg Betsy Friedberg National Register Director Massachusetts Historical Commission enclosure cc: Mark Burns, Chair, Hull Board of Selectmen Brison Shipley, Chair, Hull Historical Commission Susan Nelson, Preservation Consultant Friends of the Paragon Carousel John Schmid, Hull Planning Board 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 - (617) 727-8470 Fax: (617) 727-5128 - TDD: 1-800-392-6090 www.state.ma.us/sec/mbc