Union Bus Station, 427 West Sheridan Avenue, Oklahoma City

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS OK-69. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

427 West Sheridan Avenue Oklahoma City Oklahoma County Oklahoma The geographic coordinates for the building are latitude longitude These coordinates were obtained from Google EarthTM. The coordinate datum are World Geodetic System Datum The location information has no restriction on its release to the public. Located in downtown Oklahoma City, the building occupies Lots 13 through 16 and part of Lot 17 and the south five feet of the vacated alley adjoining on the north of Block 62 of Oklahoma City s Original Townsite, located in the southeast quarter of Section 33, Township 12 North, Range 3 West.

The Union Bus Station faces south on West Sheridan Avenue with the west elevation set of side doors facing onto South Walker Avenue and the east elevation doors facing the parking lot dividing the building from the other lots on Block 62.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS OK-69. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The Union Bus Station at 427 West Sheridan is a distinctive local example of a mid-twentieth-century bus station built in the Streamline Moderne style. Designed by noted Oklahoma City architect Gaylord Noftsger and constructed in by the Charles H. Moureau Co., also of Oklahoma City, the building reflected the popular nationwide trend of applying the Streamline Moderne style to transportation buildings. Completed about nine months prior to America s entry into World War II, the bus station played a pivotal role in local wartime transportation. While the bus station continued in use for more than seventy years, it never again experienced the widespread popularity and use of the early

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS OK-69. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The documentation of Oklahoma City s Union Bus Station was initiated in in response to the proposed demolition of the building in order to allow for development of a new complex of buildings to occupy three-quarters of block 62 of Oklahoma City s Original Townsite. The development group sponsored the preparation of written documentation in order to ensure that permanent information about the building would be publically available. Cynthia Savage with A.R.C.H. Consulting served as the sole project personnel. Ms. Savage meets the Secretary of the Interior s Professional Qualifications in the area of Architectural History with a Master of Arts degree in Applied History from Oklahoma State University and more than twenty years of professional experience in Oklahoma s preservation community.

Ms. Savage s work includes documenting a variety of buildings and neighborhoods in Oklahoma City, such as Mummers Theatre (also known as Stage Center), Citizens State Bank (also known as the Gold Dome) and the Santa Fe Depot. Part I. Historical Information A. Physical History: 1. Date of erection: Based on local newspaper articles, construction work for the Union Bus Station at 427 West Sheridan (originally Grand1) Avenue began in October The building s grand opening occurred on March 22, 2. Architect: The Union Bus Station was designed by local architect, Gaylord Noftsger, AIA. Born in Iowa in the late B. (Bertie) Gaylord Noftsger moved to Oklahoma City in the mid-1910s and attended Oklahoma City s Central High School.

After this, Noftsger attended the University of Oklahoma in through According to his World War I draft registration card, Noftsger was also working in as a draftsman for the Aurelius-Swanson Co., an Oklahoma City architectural and engineering 1 As named on the townsite plat for Oklahoma City, the street on which the bus station is located was Grand Avenue until June when it became Sheridan Avenue. The city council voted to change the name of the street based upon complaints brought by a group of merchants that the old name of Grand Avenue had acquired a bad reputation. The merchants sought to have the name changed in to Sheraton Avenue in honor of the new Sheraton Hotel located on Grand Avenue.

Due to protests, including some from other downtown hotels, the city council decided to name the street Sheridan Avenue in honor of Civil War General Philip H. Sheridan who also played an important role in the establishment of Fort Sill, Oklahoma s oldest military installation still in use (Daily Oklahoman, (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma), Sheridan Avenue, It s Grand Name, 9 June UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 3) design firm. From at least the mid-1920s through Noftsger worked in Oklahoma City as superintendent of construction for John J. Harden Inc. Both John J. Harden Inc. and the Aurelius-Swanson Co. designed and constructed numerous homes and other types of buildings in the Oklahoma City area.2 In about Noftsger apparently went into business for himself.

In Noftsger joined the Oklahoma chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and moved to Northwest Street. From this address, Noftsger operated his own architectural practice until early In February Noftsger partnered with Martin Lawrence to form the firm of Noftsger and Lawrence. Previous to formation of the firm, Lawrence was the chief architect for the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), a position he had held since During the two years previous, Lawrence was an architectural inspector for the FHA. Lawrence took a special course in architecture at the Oklahoma A. and M.

college, ending in The firm of Noftsger and Lawrence flourished through when two additional partners were added to create the firm of Noftsger-Lawrence-Lawrence & Flesher Noftsger passed away at age 80 on August 19, In his obituary, it was noted that he was the architect for the Oklahoma City Public Market (also known as the Farmers Public Market), the Civic Center Municipal Building, the Union Bus Station and the Rose Hill Mausoleum.

All four buildings were located in Oklahoma City.5 Noftsger s entry in the American Architects Directory cited his principle works as the Lawton Senior High School, the Eisenhower High School in Lawton, the Student Center and Library at Central State College (now Oklahoma Central University) in Edmond and, with associated architect Ted Horton, the McArthur High School, also in Lawton. All of the projects cited in the directory represented post-1951 work for the firms of Noftsger and Lawrence and 2 John F. Gane, AIA, ed. American Architects Directory, Bowker Company: New York, Available retrieved 5 February See also Oklahoma City Polk Directories, and World War I Draft Registration Card for Gaylord Noftsger, available www.ancestry.com, retrieved 8 August 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid.

See also Daily Oklahoman, U.S. Housing Architect to Enter Private Firm, 22 February 5 Daily Oklahoman, Gaylord Noftsger, Architect, Dies, 21 August 6 Gane, American Architects, UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 4) Noftsger s architectural contribution, extending more than fifty years, was tremendous, including in addition to the above cited projects multiple elementary schools in Lawton and work at the Oklahoma College for Women (now University of Science and Arts) in Chickasha. In addition to working in Oklahoma, Noftsger was registered to work in Mississippi, Missouri and Texas. Among his more well-known works is the Warehouse Market in Tulsa. Similar to Oklahoma City s Public Market, the Warehouse Market was developed by John J. Harden Inc. with the building designed by Noftsger.

Constructed in the building, the fa ade of which still stands at 925 South Elgin Avenue, was a striking example of the Zigzag style of Art Deco architecture.7 As indicated by its inclusion in his obituary, Oklahoma City s Union Bus Station was of particular note within Noftsger s body of work. The building may have stood out because it was designed when Noftsger practiced on his own, similar to the Rose Hill Mausoleum. Later buildings are attributable more to the architectural firm than the individual. The Union Bus Station, however, is directly and specifically attributable to Noftsger.

Although practicing on his own at the time, the Civic Center Municipal Building, completed in is typically attributed to the Allied Architects of Oklahoma City (also known as the Allied Association of Architects). The Allied Architects was a Depression era consortium of architects seeking work sponsored by government entities under the auspices of various New Deal agencies. The Allied Architects group consisted of many notable Oklahoma architects, including Noftsger, Leonard H. Bailey, George Winkler, Monnot, Walter Vahlberg, Guy C. Reid, Drury, Bramblet, E.G. Gahl, Jeffries and Schumacher.8 As a whole, Oklahoma City s Civic Center was developed by many of the venerable architects in Oklahoma at the time.

In addition to the Allied Architects responsible for the city hall and jail, architect J.O. Parr designed the Municipal Auditorium and the powerhouse team of Solomon Layton and George Forsyth were given the commission for the Oklahoma County Courthouse. From his early years with the Aurelius-Swanson Co. and John J. Harden Inc., through his years of solo practice to his partnership with Martin Lawrence and, subsequently, Robert Lawrence and Thomas Flesher, Noftsger s work spanned the majority of the twentieth century. As such, there is tremendous variety in his collective work, which ran the gamut of property types, including residential, commercial, educational, civic, penal and transportation. 7 Ibid.

See also Tulsa Foundation for Architecture, Tulsa Art Deco, (Tulsa, Oklahoma, 8 Daily Oklahoman, Architects Comprehensive Plan for Civic Center, 20 January UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 5) Noftsger employed the popular architectural styles of the twentieth century, including Art Deco, Streamline Moderne and International, with considerable success and acclaim. Overall, Noftsger left an indelible mark on Oklahoma s built environment. While some of Noftsger s buildings may no longer be extant, such as the Union Bus Station, their contribution to Oklahoma s architectural diversity should continue to be recognized. 3. Builder: The Charles H.

Moureau Company of Oklahoma City constructed the Union Bus Station.9 Born in Mexico to French parents in Charles Harrison Moureau came to Oklahoma in about Like Noftsger, Moureau also worked for John J. Harden Inc. While Moureau s tenure with the firm largely predated Noftsger s, it is likely there was some overlap between the two during the mid-1920s. Moureau worked for John J. Harden Inc. in the late through the This included serving as secretary and treasurer for the company in when it developed the Crestwood Addition in Oklahoma City. By Moureau had apparently left John J. Harden Inc. and was involved with Munford W.

Hoover in an unsuccessful deal to construct a twenty-four story hotel in Oklahoma City, although the proposed location of their hotel at Grand and Harvey avenues was developed by others a few years later into the Biltmore Hotel, which originally stood twenty-six stories high.10 Between about and the mid-1950s, Moureau s firm constructed or improved a variety of buildings in Oklahoma City. The projects ranged in size with many being located in downtown Oklahoma City. Notable buildings that Moureau erected, repaired or remodeled included the pre-1935 Oklahoma City municipal building, the Hotel Black, the Plaza Theater, the Criterion Theater, multiple school buildings, the Voss Truck Lines Building, the Hales Building, Blossum Heath s Summer Villa, the Tower Theater, the Sears and Roebuck Co.

Building, Fidelity Bank and the Fred Jones Manufacturing Plant, among others.11 9 Ibid, Permit Granted on New Bus Terminal, 30 October 10 Fifteenth Census of the United States: Oklahoma City, available www.ancestry.com, retrieved 5 November See also World War I Draft Registration Card for Charles H.

Moureau, available www.ancestry.com, retrieved 5 November and, Daily Oklahoman, Garage Bungalow Colony Growing, 26 March Home Ownership Now Is More Than Bright Dream to Small-Salaried Man, 19 April Property Has Room for 700 Building Sites, 10 May New Hotel Is Financed For Central Area, 4 September New Hotel Plans Will Be Ready Soon, 11 September 11 Daily Oklahoman, Fearless Charles Doubles in Brass as Herr Goerlitz, 8 March Advertisement for Blossum Heath s Summer Villa, 29 April City Building Boom Starts, 8 November Public Records, 15 April School Board Awards Work On Buildings, 26 October Contract Let For Suburban Theater, 9 January School Board Contracts To Be Let Today, 6 December Permit For Theater Building Granted, 2 March City Building Permits Gain More, 27 June Voss Truck Lines Move To New Terminal, 24 September Building Permits Climb to Home Work Leads, 31 March Film Landmark Passes, 5 October Month Opens UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 6) Beginning in Moureau took a hiatus from construction work in Oklahoma City to serve in the Navy.

Moureau had two years of previous wartime service in the Navy as part of World War I. During World War II, Moureau, at the rank of Lieutenant Commander, was assigned as a civil engineering corps officer for the Naval Construction Force, also known as the Seabees. Following the Second World War, Moureau resumed his building career in Oklahoma City but continued with a Seabees reserve unit until the mid-1950s, attaining the rank of Commander. Moureau apparently retired around and moved to Florida before passing away in at the age of 95. As with Noftsger, Moureau s contribution to Oklahoma City s built environment was varied and developed over decades.12 4. Contractors:13 a. Dunn Fuel & Lumber Company, excavation b. Phillips Roof Company, roofing c. Roy L. Patton Company, plumbing 5.

Suppliers:14 a. Hirsch-Swan Corporation, air conditioning b. Oklahoma Sash & Door Company, millwork c. Ketcham Lumber Company, lumber d. Roy W. Scovil Company, building material e.

Porter Mirror & Glass Company, glass With in Building, 7 September City Building Picture Bright, 30 November Ice Cream Bar Planned, 8 April Permits for 10 Homes Issued to Firm, 12 April Business Property Sale Leads City s Real Estate Transfers, 25 February Apartment To Be Built, 10 August Three City Firms Awarded Contracts, 2 August August Building Permits in City Hit 30 August Old Sears Store Contract Is Let, 26 August Contractor Named for Fidelity Bank, 13 January 12 Moureau Awaits New Assignment, 1 September Gift From Fighting Front Sets Note for City War Chest Drive, 19 October Navy Like His Unit, 8 April See also U.S., Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File for Charles Moureau, available www.ancestry.com, retrieved 5 November and CDR Charles H.

Moureau, Find A Grave Memorial, www.findagrave.com, Find A Grave Memorial retrieved 5 November 13 Ibid, Announcing Formal Opening of Oklahoma City s Magnificent New Union Bus Station, 22 March 14 Ibid. UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 7) B. Historic Context: The Union Bus Station at 427 West Sheridan Avenue was constructed in for the Union Bus Station of Oklahoma City, Inc. The Streamline Moderne style building, originally estimated to cost was designed by local architect Gaylord Noftsger during the period that he had his own architectural practice. The bus station was erected by the Charles H. Moureau Co., also of Oklahoma City, less than six months prior to America s entry into World War II.

Although bus travel during the war years represented a major surge that was never duplicated, the Union Bus Station continued to operate for its original transportation purpose for more than seventy years. The building at 427 West Sheridan Avenue represented the third Union Bus Station in Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City s first Union Bus Station was located at 9 West Grand Avenue.15 Shortly after the first appearance of a Union Bus Station in Oklahoma City, a two-story, brick building constructed specifically as a Union Bus Station was erected at the northwest corner of South Santa Fe and West California Avenue. The building at 17 South Santa Fe Street continued in use as the Union Bus Station until when a second new Union Bus Station building opened.

Like many other buildings in downtown Oklahoma City, the building at 17 South Santa Fe Street remained extant until the early when it was demolished to make way for new construction under the auspices of urban renewal. A little over twelve years after construction of the first Union Bus Station, Tom Cooper, successor to Moss Patterson as president of the Oklahoma Transportation Company and the Oklahoma City Bus Terminal Company, announced plans for erection of a new Union Bus Station at the northeast corner of Grand and Walker16 avenues. The August 2, announcement came about two months after formation of the Union Bus Station of Oklahoma City, Inc.

which included Cooper as president, Robert Hill as vice-president and Bowers, Cooper s 15 While 9 West Grand Avenue is the first building widely identified as bearing the title of Union Bus Station, other buildings were denoted as bus depots. For example, according to a September 3, article in the Daily Oklahoman, the architectural firm of Bailey and Alden designed a bus depot for the Yellow Cab Company at the confluence of Reno and Santa Fe streets.

Located in a line directly south of the two subsequent Union Bus Stations, the building continued to be identified on Sanborn Fire Insurance maps as a private bus garage through 16 As laid out by the Oklahoma City Original Townsite plat, Walker Avenue was not open north of West Grand Avenue through West Third Street, due in part to the right-of-ways held by the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific (Rock Island) and St. Louis-San Francisco (Frisco) railway companies between Main, First and Second streets. Beginning in at least residents and businessmen in the area petitioned for the opening of Walker Avenue.

Taking over five years, the north-south thoroughfare finally opened in mid-August (Daily Oklahoman, various articles UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 8) son-in-law, as secretary-treasurer, the same positions the three held in the Oklahoma Transportation Company.17 In early August the architect was at work developing plans for one of the finest, most up-to-date in the southwest bus stations. The building was to be of the modernist design and would feature a new type of combination heating and air condition system. Spaces in the new building would include a coffee shop, concession stand, restrooms, baggage rooms, ticket offices and waiting rooms.

At the time, it was unclear if the old bus station would close, however, as noted by Cooper, the major bus operators have been invited to join the enterprise. 18 At the end of August it was proclaimed that all buses would utilize the new bus station and the old station at 17 South Santa Fe Avenue would be liquidated. Although work was originally anticipated to start on the new building on September 1, Cooper also identified in late August that work on the new building would be delayed about two weeks.

The delay was attributed to minor changes on the building interior with the architect having to update the plans.19 Evidently other issues also delayed the start of construction as the completed sale of the downtown bus station site topped the city s real estate transfers during the first week of October According to the local newspaper, the site sold for about with a K. Cavett as the grantor and the Union Bus Station of Oklahoma City, Inc. as the grantee. Along with First National Bank and Trust Co. of Oklahoma City, K. Cavett represented the Hales estate. Hales, a prominent Oklahoma City businessman, had owned since the mid-1920s all but lot 12 of the Bus Station property.

The bus station corporation acquired lot 12 on the first day of August from a Docia Ezzell for an undisclosed amount.20 Shortly after the acquisition of the site was completed in October the bus station corporation let the building contract to the Charles H. Moureau Co. of Oklahoma City. Accordingly, at the end of October the city issued a building permit to the contractor with excavation on the building s two basements rapidly underway. The excavation work was expected to be complete within a week with the building finished early in 17 Ibid, Bus Station Planned, 2 August 18 Ibid.

19 Ibid, All Buses to Use New Union Station, 31 August 20 Ibid, Bus Station Site, 32 Building Lots Head Realty Transfers, 6 October See also Warranty Deeds on file at the Oklahoma County Courthouse for the Oklahoma City Union Bus Station, Inc. 21 Ibid, Excavation Rushed on New Bus Terminal, 26 October (4) and Permit Granted on New Bus Terminal, 30 October UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 9) Although bad weather caused some delays, the building exterior was nearing completion in early January A photograph of the building published in the local newspaper on January 5, shows the exterior form of the building in place. The accompanying article indicated the roof was expected to be done shortly and the drives on either side of the building were to be poured over the ensuing days.

It was also at this time that the name of the architect was published for the first time. Local architect Gaylord Noftsger estimated the cost of the job to be between and with half of that expected to be spent on the actual construction of the building and the remaining funds going to the furnishings and other details.22 Work on the trim, modernistic brick station at Grand and Walker was finished by the second week of March The grand opening of the building was scheduled for March 22 with Cooper hoping to entice at least persons into the station on opening day. Eight bus lines operating through Oklahoma City were expected to use the station, consisting of Southwestern Greyhound Lines; Oklahoma Transportation Company; Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma (M. K.

& O.) Trailways; Red Ball Transportation Company; Santa Fe Trailways; Texas and Oklahoma Stages; Southwest Trailways; and, Panhandle Trailways.23 The day before the formal opening, the board of directors for the Union Bus Station of Oklahoma City, Inc. met to finalize details and pay some last minute bills. Meeting at the nearby Hotel Black, the group included Cooper, Howard W. Allen of Tulsa, Brandt of Wichita, Kansas, C.E. Mehew of Enid and Paul W. Tibbetts of Fort Smith, Arkansas. Allen was president of the M. K. & O. Trailways and Brandt was general manager of the Santa Fe Trailways. Mehew headed the Red Ball Bus Lines while Tibbetts was president of the Southwestern Greyhound lines. During the meeting, the board also selected a manager for the new station. A.D.

Adams, the manager at the old Union Bus Station, was named as head man at the sleek new Union Bus terminal. 24 The new bus station opened on March 22, with fanfare that extended the full day. The news that Oklahoma City s streamlined new travel headquarters (was) ready was announced via a full page advertisement in the local newspaper which featured a photograph of the new building.

In the bus station advertisement, the public was invited to see for themselves the spacious, air-conditioned, modernistic main floor waiting room, the separate balcony lounge reserved for women and children, the attractive, popular priced restaurant and newsstand, 22 Ibid, Work Progresses on Modern Home, 5 January 23 Ibid, Grand Opening of Bus Station Set March 22, 12 March 24 Ibid, Big Opening Saturday Set for Bus Depot, 21 March and Manager Selected for Bus Terminal, Opening Details Set, 22 March UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 10) and the convenient loading docks which were located immediately off the waiting room doors.

In addition to the chrome-leather chairs designed for comfort inside the building, the displays at the opening included new air conditioned buses and a novel travel contest. 25 A photograph of the station s new restaurant was prominently featured on the opposite page of the bus station s opening advertisement. As indicated in the advertisement for the Traband Bros. Restaurant-Fountain-News, the dining and news facility in the new bus station was going to be operated by the Traband Brothers. Since about the Traband Brothers also operated the Union Bus Terminal Restaurant in Tulsa.

The restaurant advertisement announced that the new dining establishment included the finest equipment money can buy with a promise that it would serve only the highest quality food, wholesomely and deliciously prepared, at reasonable prices to Oklahoma City s general public and bus travelers.26 Based upon lease agreements on file at the Oklahoma County Courthouse, the Traband Brothers continued to operate the restaurant at Oklahoma City s Union Bus Station through the With Thousands of Oklahoma Cityans visiting the new building, the first incoming bus traveler got the surprise of her life when she stepped from the bus.

Jennie Lou Shepard of Los Angeles, California, was whisked through the crowded waiting room to the new ladies lounge, the streamlined ticket office, and the modernistic coffee shop. Featured in a series of photographs showcasing her experiences in the glittering new station, Ms. Shepard fortuitously was not camera having worked in commercial photography after relocating to Los Angeles from Oklahoma City four years earlier.27 Acquired at tremendous cost to the bus corporation according to the grand opening advertisement, the building location was touted during the opening as being convenient to the downtown shopping district. The bus station s site was auspiciously located one block south of Oklahoma City s Main Street, the city s main commercial thoroughfare.

Also convenient for the bus traveler was the close proximity of the Hotel Black, an eleven-story, modern hotel constructed about ten years earlier on the east end of the 400 block of West Sheridan Avenue.

While downtown Oklahoma City had built a new county courthouse and jail about five years before construction of the bus station, the original, early twentieth century, Oklahoma County Courthouse and County Jail remained extant on the blocks immediately west of the new bus station with both buildings remaining in use as 25 Ibid, Magnificent New Union Bus Station, 22 March 26 Ibid, Advertisements, 22 March 27 Ibid, California Girl Steps from Bus Into New Terminal, Big Whirl, and Traveler Steps Off Bus Into Glittering New Station, 23 March UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 11) office space through the early The distinctive turn-of-the-twentieth-century courthouse provided a distinguishing background in early photographs of the bus station.28 Business as usual at the new bus station commenced at 6 a.m., Sunday, March 23, Typical operations consisted of 134 arrivals and departures each day.

By the second day of operation, station manager Adams announced that the former Union Bus Station at 17 South Santa Fe Street was closed with all services coming through the new station.29 Among the new station s amenities were both a barber and beauty shop. Located in the basement, near the men s restroom, the barber shop was simply called the Bus Station Barber Shop. The beauty shop was located on the mezzanine level of the building, near the women s lounge. For the first several years, the beauty shop operated as one of two Myrtle Killam s Beauty Shops in Oklahoma City.

Within months of the Union Bus Station s opening, advertisements for the beauty shop in the local newspaper, thus aimed at local residents rather than travelers, noted the enticing availability of air conditioning at the Union Bus Station location.30 Another service for the traveling public offered in the new station was a travelers advisory service. Available at no cost to the traveler, the service provided information on routes, places to go, times to travel and costs. Devised as a joint venture of all the bus lines operating into Oklahoma City, the co-operative service was something of an innovation so far as the bus companies are concerned because it provided special attention to travel from Oklahoma City.

The service was headed by Jack Williams, a veteran travel authority with the Greyhound Lines, following the opening of the bus station in March By mid-June it was estimated that hundreds of travelers have used the service, some plotting coast-to-coast tours. 31 As evidenced by the construction of the Union Bus Station, bus travel was a popular means of traversing the country in the late and early However, America s entry into World War II in December delivered a tremendous boost to bus travel for the duration of the war. In January the local recreation division of the Works Projects Administration, one of President 28 Ibid, Magnificent New Union Bus Station. See also and Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps for Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

29 Ibid, Old Station Closed, 24 March 30 Oklahoma City Directory, See also Daily Oklahoman, advertisements for Myrtle Killiam s Beauty Shops, 30 March and 22 June and Beauty on the Run, 30 August 31 Daily Oklahoman, Bus Station Has Advisory Service, 15 June UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 12) Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal agencies, opened an information and reception booth in the Union Bus Station. The purpose of the new booth was to provide assistance to soldiers and sailors, many of whom arrived and departed Oklahoma City through the bus station.32 However, the increase in state bus travel in over 50 percent above the year before, was only attributed in part to military travel.

The rationing of gasoline and rubber, including tires, for the war effort made bus travel an attractive alternative transportation means for civilians as well. In June a nationwide slow down resulting from the imposition of a 40-miles-per-hour speed limit brought the bus industry onto V, or Victory, time. The drop in the speed limit slowed the buses between seven and ten minutes per hour, which for the longer hauls caused some missed connections before the schedules were fully revised. Speaking for the bus companies, Don Stevenson, an agent at the Union Bus Station, noted that the new limits were welcome as a means of saving equipment now in heavy use. According to Stevenson, a bus started anywhere in the United States could have a payload in less than 20 minutes.

By December public transportation companies were pleading with civilians to stay home over the holidays. According to the local newspaper, There simply isn t room enough now to take care of the customers and when thousands of soldiers start Christmas furloughs it s going to be terrific. To support this, the newspaper featured a large photograph of the Union Bus Station waiting room packed with travelers.33 The rubber shortage also facilitated the entry of women into Oklahoma City s bus driving arena. In September Oklahoma City s first woman bus driver started work for the Southwestern Trailways. Miss Margaret Dixon transported passengers between the Union Bus Station to Will Rogers air base in Oklahoma City.

In order to obtain the job, Miss Dixon had to pass a rigid driving test, which she did with flying colors. Having driven a car for 17 years, Miss Dixon had operated a driving school until the rubber shortage ruined her driving school due to the lack of new tires or retreads for the school cars.34 While bus travel continued to be popular for decades after the end of World War II, it never again reached the heights of the war years. Increasingly after the war, Americans took to the road in their own automobiles, paving the way for the advent of the multi-lane interstate highway system in the mid-1950s.

While bus travel benefited from the improved roads, other modes of transportation, including 32 Ibid, No Guessing, 4 January 33 Ibid, State Bus Travel Is Up 50 Percent, 8 April Buses Change To V time; Riders Groggy, 8 June Midweek Travel Is Advised By Bus Station Manager, 14 June and Promises to Be Luxury Plans to Travel Christmas, 10 December 34 Ibid, Woman Drives Air Base Bus, 7 September UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 13) the ever burgeoning means of air travel, increasingly limited the popularity of bus travel. Nonetheless, as evidenced by the continued use of the Union Bus Station for more than seventy years, bus travel remained a viable transportation method well into the twenty-first century. Part II. Structural/Design Information A. General Statement: 1.

Architectural Character: As emphasized at the time by repeated references to streamline and modern, Oklahoma City s Union Bus Station was designed in the popular Streamline Moderne style of architecture. While the style was applied to all types of buildings constructed in the through the it was particularly popular for transportation related buildings. Numerous bus stations across the country were constructed in the Streamline Moderne style. The buses that connected the stations across the United States also exhibited characteristics of the Streamline Moderne style. The style further made its mark on common items ranging from chairs to lamps to toasters.

The American style that is Streamline Moderne emerged in the related to but often directly in opposition to the flamboyant Art Deco style of the The Streamline Moderne style used flat roofs, rounded corners, ribbon windows, smooth wall materials, small ledges and horizontal ornamental banding to architecturally express the burgeoning fascination with the concept of the machine in motion. The relatively austere style of architecture was a fitting response to the trying economic times of the Great Depression when fortitude overtook exuberance as a critical character, and architectural, trait.35 Importantly, the Streamline Moderne style also came to symbolize industrial progress through its emphasis on aerodynamic principles.

The style derived its visual vocabulary from the forms of cutting-edge, high-speed transportation, including buses, automobiles, trains, airplanes, and ocean liners. The curved walls, horizontal emphasis and ribbon windows of the Streamline Moderne style all added to the perception of high-speed, forward motion. Additionally, the Streamline Moderne style with its flat roofs, horizontal banding that wrapped around the building and smooth clean wall surfaces embodied the concepts of mobility, efficiency, luxury and hygiene, all characteristics identified with the Modern age of the Also adding to the style s popularity was its scientific, 35 Richard Guy Wilson etal. The Machine Age in America, (New York: Harry N.

Abrams, Inc., See also The American Moderne: Essay: The American Moderne: retrieved 21 September and The Streamline Style, retrieved 21 September UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 14) futuristic feel that echoed the utopian visions of popular designers, writers, illustrators and moviemakers of the period.36 Characteristics of the Streamline Moderne style present on the Union Bus Station include a dominant horizontal influence, expanses of light-colored smooth wall surface, a flat roof, center entry blocks, flat ledges and awnings, horizontal banding, a curved wall, the use of glass blocks and structural glass, and a striking stylistic sign. Although modernized over the years, the building retained its defining, original, stylistic elements throughout its existence.

The use of the Streamline Moderne style ensured that the building was both modern and of dignified character. 2. Condition of Fabric: The building was demolished beginning in July B. Description of Exterior 1. Summary Description: The Union Bus Station is a rectangular, brick and glass, Streamline Moderne style building with wide driveways on either side. The building stands two-stories high, although only the north portion of the building interior has an upper floor. Because it covers only part of the interior, the second floor is described as the mezzanine level. The bus station also includes two separate basements. The north basement, corresponding to the mezzanine level space, contains the men s room, barber shop, office, service and mechanical spaces.

The other basement serves the restaurant area on the south side of the building. 2. Overall Dimensions: The Union Bus Station building measures 50 by 140 with 50 drives on each side of the building. 3. Foundation: Concrete. 4. Walls: The front (south) elevation is primarily clad with a blue structural glass while the other elevations are a light colored brick. The brick is laid in a pattern of five courses of running bond and a sixth course which alternated stretcher and header bricks. A defining characteristic of the building is the prominent curved wall on the southeast corner of the building which above the tall metal wainscoting is clad with clear glass blocks and above this blue structural glass (see Figures 2 and 3). 36 Ibid. UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 15) 5.

Porches: On both side elevations, there are porticos that extended nearly the full- length of the walls. Each portico is topped at about mid-wall height by a long, rectangular, flat awning with metal trim and supported by multiple round poles. Between each set of poles, there are slots for buses to pull into with original, round, metal bollards and barrier railings set into the concrete walk to prevent the buses from pulling in too far. 6. Openings: a. Doorways and doors: The building has multiple entries, including a single glazed slab door on the front elevation and multiple glazed slab doors on both the east and west elevations. At various locations around the building, there are also several single slab service doors.

Not intended to be used for bus repair, there are no garage openings or spaces at the Union Bus Station. b. Windows: There are three types of windows in the building, consisting of metal fixed ribbon windows on the fa ade, two sets of metal sliding windows on the south side of the east elevation and several multi-light metal casement windows on the back wall. 7. Roof: The building s flat roof features a tall parapet that is stepped on the east and west sides. Historically, there was a large upright sign mounted on a frame situated at an angle on the northwest corner of the roof. The shape of sign was a large shield which horizontally read Union Bus Station on separate lines.

The sign was removed by the Only portions of the sign are evident in available historic photographs available from the Oklahoma Historical Society; however, the large metal base for the sign remains on the roof (see Figure 8. Decorative Detailing: In keeping with the Streamline Moderne style, the decorative detailing on the building is restrained. The distinctive Moderne style sign is the primary decorative element of the building (see Figure 1). Other decorative details include a cast stone coping with decorative cast stone banding immediately below, limited horizontal banding, ribbon windows, glass blocks, structural glass and, on the front elevation, metal wainscoting that was originally silver color but has been painted blue to match the other trim on the building.

On the side elevations, a nonoriginal faux wainscoting was created by painting the lower portion of the brick wall blue. UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 16) 9. Elevation Description: a. South Elevation: The south elevation of the Union Bus Station serves as the building s primary elevation (see Figure 2 through 4). The majority of upper wall is clad with a pigmented structural glass colored a striking dark blue and topped by a narrow white coping. The large flat expanse of the structural glass is divided into equal-size rectangular panels with ten panels across and eight vertical panels. To emphasize the curved southeast corner, the structural glass is divided into three stacked sections consisting of about seventeen narrow vertical strips in each section.

Below the pigmented structural glass on the curved southeast corner is a section of clear glass blocks (see Figure 2). The square glass blocks consist of sixteen horizontal blocks and eleven vertical blocks. To the west of the curved glass blocks, there was originally an expanse of three large glass plate windows. Currently, the windows are divided into seven openings with the three east openings clad with light-colored metal. The remaining four metal-framed windows are painted an opaque white. To the immediate west of the painted windows, there is a small expanse of clear glass blocks that is slightly curved to flow into the only door on the south elevation. Extending eleven blocks vertically, the west glass block curve is only about eight and a quarter blocks horizontally.

Below all of the glass block and windows, there is a tall metal wainscoting. Originally silver in color, the wainscoting has been painted blue to match other painted trim on the building. Although available historic photographs do not show the south elevation door in its entirety, what is visible indicates the door was aluminum glazed slab with a transom. It is not clear if the door was a single or double door, although based on the size of the opening, it was likely a double door. At an unknown time, the door on the south elevation was modernized to the existing, single, metal, glazed slab door with a single pane transom and sidelights with metal kickplates (see Figure 4).

The east sidelight is nearly double the width of the west sidelight with both sidelights extending to the same height as the top of the transom. Extending almost the full length of the south elevation is a short ledge that was originally silver in color to match the wainscoting (see Figure 3). As with the wainscoting, the ledge has been painted blue and several modern lights added to its underside. Historic photographs also show below the ledge, at least during the there were cloth awnings on the south elevation. These consisted of a short striped awning over the windows UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 17) with a matching, full length, arched canopy from the curb on West Sheridan Avenue to the front entry.

In contrast to the rounded east corner of the south elevation, the west corner of the south elevation is square and extends above the height of the south elevation roofline (see Figures 1 and 2). The over height, brick, squared corner also features horizontal banding, another hallmark of the Streamline Moderne style. The column is divided into ten unequal sections by the banding. Featuring a cast stone coping and a blue painted base, the square projection also holds the iconic, two-sided, Union Bus Station sign that has graced the building from its construction to its demolition. The Streamline Moderne style sign features a triple set of curved bands on the top which bend towards the building.

Below this is a blue section that horizontally reads UNION in all capitals with narrow, white, horizontal banding on the top and bottom. Under this is a large white expanse with vertical neon capital letters spelling BUS. Below this is another blue section with narrow, white, horizontal banding that horizontally features the word STATION. The bottom section of the sign contains three blue bands curving back towards the building. The corner sign is the same on both sides. Anchoring the sign to the building on each side is a rectangular, white, metal section that is ornamented by three narrow projecting bands of blue. b. West Elevation: The west elevation faces North Walker Avenue across the expansive driveway and is divided into five asymmetrical bays (see Figures 5 and 7).

The west elevation s southernmost bay is the squared corner projection with the sign. The projected west elevation bay is divided by horizontal banding the same as on the south elevation. The defining difference between the corner projection on the west and south elevations is that the west side contains a single, centrally-located, metal, slab, service door while the south elevation has no openings. North of the corner column on the west elevation, the flat portico awning extends the remaining unequal four bays. The awning is located at about the middle of the wall and is supported by round metal poles. Matching the sign, the metal-clad edge of the awning and the supporting metal poles have been painted blue.

Also extending the length of the remaining four bays is the decorative cast stone banding immediately under the cast stone coping. The roofline, and therefore the decorative banding, on the west elevation is stepped with the second and fourth bays from the south having a higher roofline. The only other ornamentation on the upper wall of the UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 18) west elevation are two blue-painted metal down spouts located on either side of the fourth bay and extending from the top near the decorative banding to the ground. Underneath the awning, beginning in the second bay from the south on the west elevation, is a rectangular, brick, flat-roofed addition that has been painted blue.

The addition does not appear in early photographs of the building but was in place apparently by the early The addition is slightly taller than the nearby pedestrian entry in the southernmost bay. The addition s only opening is on the north side and consists of a single, narrow, service, metal, slab door. In the west elevation s third bay, there are no openings. A section of wall in the third bay has been painted blue to match the wainscoting and the brick adjacent to the center entry. The west elevation s fourth bay contains the multi-door entry to the main waiting room (see Figure 6). Centrally located, the waiting room entry consists of four aluminum-framed glazed slab doors.

The doors are adjacent to each other with three-pane, fixed, full-height, aluminum sidelights flanking the set of doors on each side. Above the doors is an asymmetrical, seven-light, aluminum, fixed transom. On either side of the entry section, there are four, fixed, aluminum, rectangular windows situated at the same height as the transom above the doors. Originally, the wall underneath the existing windows contained additional windows; however, the lower windows were infilled with brick at an unknown time.

The wall below the windows on either side has been painted blue except for two sections on the south side, which based on the rectangular pattern of the unpainted brick, were possibly covered by exterior payphones, a public necessity through at least the The northernmost bay, or fifth bay, on the west elevation contains only a single slightly oversize doorway on the north corner. The overhead door was topped by a brick header consisting of two rows of header bricks. The door has been boarded, likely to prevent access after the building was vacant, but historically provided direct access from the exterior loading/unloading area to the interior baggage storage area on the north side of the station.

Centrally located on the fifth bay is also a large expanse of brick that was apparently infill brick as the brick color does not exactly match the rest of the building and there is a clear demarcation line along the top and sides of the newer brick. The corresponding interior area in the baggage room indicates there was some type of opening along the upper wall which has been covered over with a smooth wall surface. The UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 19) lower concrete block interior wall appears to be continuous with no apparent replacement.

In front of the west elevation, there are five slanted slots for bus parking (see Figure To accommodate the slots, the concrete walk along the west elevation creates a saw tooth pattern, accented by the poles supporting the flat awning and the bollards and barrier railings preventing the buses from pulling too far into the slots. Both the bollards and barrier railings are painted an eye-catching red with the edge of the walk painted a cautioning yellow. c. North Elevation: The north elevation of the bus station reveals most clearly the two-story height of the building (see Figures 8 and 9). Prominently located on both corners of the north elevation are two large modern security lights.

The fenestration pattern on the second floor of the north elevation consists of three symmetrical, metal, twelve-light, casement windows with cast stone sills. With the top three horizontal and the center three vertical lights immobile, the three vertical lights on each side of the window swing outward. The westernmost window, opening onto the ladies room, also features an obscuring patterned glass. Typical of windows on the back of a building, the second floor windows do not have headers. Also typical of rear elevations, the cast stone coping along the upper wall lacked the adjoining decorative cast stone banding found on the other primary elevations.

On the west side of the north elevation s second floor, there is a metal ladder providing access to the roof; however, the ladder does not extend to the ground level. On the far east corner of the north wall, there is a rectangular, chimney-like, brick projection that is ornamented with the cast stone coping and, four courses down, a single decorative course of recessed horizontal brick banding. The first floor of the north elevation contains a single window that has been bricked in, a single pedestrian door and, on the east side, a metal vent opening, as well as various utility boxes and meters. The rear doorway, containing a metal slab door, has been shortened with infill brick a slightly different color than the original wall brick.

Centrally located off the north elevation are two bollards which prevent damage to the meter box located to the immediate west of the pedestrian door. d. East Elevation: The east elevation is divided into four asymmetrical bays (see Figures 10 and As with the west elevation, the roofline of the east wall is stepped and features a cast stone coping with a decorative cast stone banding immediately below. Additionally, the flat awning located UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 20) just above transom height extends the full length of the east elevation, as does the faux painted wainscoting. Containing a small section of the structural glass-clad curved southeast corner, the first bay on the south side of the east elevation is the same height as the fa ade and, thus, taller than the other bays.

The relatively narrow bay contains only a single wood slab door, painted blue to match the faux wainscoting. The door opens onto the kitchen area on the east side of the restaurant portion of the building. The second bay on the east elevation is stepped lower than the flanking bays and, on the lower wall underneath the awning, contains only two metal sliding windows. The windows feature cast stone sills and no headers. The third bay from the south on the east elevation is set off by the drain spouts which extend from just below the decorative cast stone banding on the upper wall to the ground.

Below the awning, the center bay is filled with the centrally located set of four glazed slab doors matching the west elevation (see Figure With the outside doors flanked by multi-light sidelights, an asymmetrical double row of transom windows fills the upper space between the doors and awning. Blue-painted bricks fill the space on either side of the doorway, replacing the original windows that extended to wainscot height. Above the brick infill on each side of the doors are a set of four-light aluminum windows. The fourth bay of the east elevation is the same height as the second bay. The fourth bay contains two doors and a brick addition which matches the addition on the west elevation s second bay.

Providing direct access to the baggage storage, the north door is oversize to match the corresponding door on the west elevation and, as with the west elevation exterior baggage storage door, has also been boarded. The door to the south of the addition, providing access to the interior adjacent to the north basement stairs, is a regular-sized pedestrian metal slab door with a large rectangular window that has been boarded. As on the rectangular addition on the west elevation, the only opening on the blue-painted addition is a narrow, single, metal, slab door on the north wall.

Designed to allow five buses to park, the concrete portico walk on the east elevation features a saw tooth pattern with a combination railings and bollards to prevent the buses from pulling in too far (see Figures 11 and As on the west elevation, the bollards are painted red and the edge of the walk painted yellow. An additional set of bollards, which appear in historic photographs, is set on the south side of the east side walk to UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 21) prevent vehicles from pulling onto the sidewalk along the south side of the building. C. Description of Interior: 1.

Waiting Room: The commodious waiting room is centrally located in the Union Bus Station (see Figures 18 through Accessed by the matching sets of quadruple doors on the east and west elevations, the waiting room features white and yellow ceramic tile walls and a brown and white terrazzo floor. The replacement suspended ceiling has flush fluorescent lights and large metal vents. Historically, there were rows on payphones on both sides of doors on the east wall. 2. Game Room (Newsstand): Off the waiting room to the southeast, there is a small rectangular room which most recently operated as a game room (see Figure The room has modern, glass and metal walls on the north and west sides. Originally, the space was the newsstand which was part of the larger adjoining restaurant space.

The east and south walls of the game room are gypsum board, respectively painted yellow and blue. The floor in the game room is reddish- brown quarry tile that match the floor in the restaurant space. The ceiling is a replacement suspended ceiling with flush fluorescent lights and vents. 3. Restaurant: In addition to the reddish-brown quarry tile floor, the restaurant proper has a white wainscoting with yellow walls above (see Figures 23 through The replacement suspended ceiling has rows of flush fluorescent lights and vents. In the northwest corner of the restaurant, there is an office area that also features the reddish-brown quarry tile floor with narrow vertical wood paneled walls and a suspended ceiling.

The lunch counter is located towards the east side of the larger main room with the grill on the east wall (see Figure A door to the south of the grill provides access to the kitchen area. The kitchen area has two large walk-in freezers towards the north side with other equipment located to the south side (see Figures 28 and On the east side of the kitchen, there is a stairway on the north side to the separate restaurant basement (see Figure Just to the south of the stairs, there is an exterior door with a hallway south of that. Off the hallway, there is a small storage room in the middle with a smaller janitor closet at the end of the hall (see Figure All the floors in the kitchen area are the reddish-brown quarry tile with gypsum walls and replacement suspended ceilings. 4.

Baggage Claim and Storage: The baggage claim is located in the northwest corner of the waiting room (see Figures 32 and Featuring a large rectangular UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 22) opening with a low counter and a single narrow doorway on the waiting room side, the baggage claim area consists of a small room with a counter on the west side and ceramic tile walls that matched those in the waiting room. A larger door on the north wall of the baggage claim opens onto a hallway which opens onto the larger baggage storage area that extends the full east-west length of the north side of the building (see Figures 34, 36 and The concrete blocks of the baggage storage area are painted white with metal baggage racks running the length of all the walls.

The tile ceiling is adhered directly to the wood joists and feature long uncovered fluorescent fixtures. 5. Drivers Room: To the west of the baggage storage, there is a large drivers room that has a black terrazzo floor, gypsum walls and modern suspended ceiling (see Figure 6. Ticket Counter: Throughout the building s existence, the ticket counter has been centrally located on the north wall of the waiting room (see Figures 20 and The counter changed materials multiple times over the years. Currently, the counter is a modern metal structure with two openings for luggage and flanked on both sides by partial ceramic tile walls.

On the north wall behind the counter, there is a single door towards the west side and a large window towards the east side which allow the counter to be monitored from the adjoining office space. Both the east and west walls of the ticket counter space also contain doors. 7. First Floor Hallway: To the east of the ticket counter is a wide hallway which historically featured the trademark, metal, bus station lockers along nearly the full length of the east wall (see Figure Accordingly, the majority of the wall is plain concrete block that was painted blue after the lockers were removed. Above the lockers and along the north side, the wall is ceramic tile matching the waiting room walls.

The hallway floor is terrazzo matching the floor in the waiting room and the ceiling is modern suspended. Off the hallway to the west, there is office space on the south side and a large family restroom on the north side. 8. Public Basement Stairs: In the northeast corner off the waiting room are the public stairs to the lower and upper floors. Located at the north end of the north- south hallway, the basement stairs have a plain upper wall with a lower wall clad with larger, yellow, glazed ceramic tile (see Figures 39 through The basement stair landing opens onto a central hallway with walls clad to match the stairs (see Figure 9. Basement: The floor of the basement s central hallway is the reddish-brown quarry tile matching the restaurant area flooring.

At the end of the central hallway is the men s restroom. Featuring polychromatic, brown, ceramic tile walls, the UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 23) restroom also has a reddish-brown quarry tile floor (see Figure Off the north side of the center basement hallway is the barber shop space, which retains its two stations on the east side of the room (see Figure A window towards the northeast side allows the occupants of the barber shop to be seen by people in the hallway and vice versa.

On the southeast side of the basement hallway, there is an office space with a second matching hallway off the southwest side which led to several mechanical and utility rooms (see Figures 43 through In the utility rooms on the south end of the side hallway, there are a set of concrete stairs that have been closed off (see Figures 46 and The basement utility room has been divided so the stairs extend through both resulting utility rooms but were capped off so the interior stairs have no upper floor access. 10.

Mezzanine Stairs: The mezzanine level stairs open directly off the northeast corner of the waiting room, allowing almost direct access from the east set of entry doors (see Figures 50 and With walls clad with the same small ceramic tiles as the waiting room, the mezzanine stairs feature wooden railings that curved around the west wall on both ends. 11. Mezzanine Level: The mezzanine level contains office space off a central hallway with the original location of the beauty salon indistinct (see Figure On the west size of the mezzanine level is the women s restroom (see Figure Featuring pink colored ceramic tile wall and terrazzo flooring, the restroom maintains much of its historic character. D.

Site: Designed to serve a transportation purpose, the site of the Union Bus Station has always been hardscaped with 50 concrete drives on either side of the building. Over the years, the drives were patched in places with black top. The bus station building is set back from the street consistent with all of the other properties on the block. However, the bus station property is delineated with a chain link fence on the east and north sides. On the west side of the building, the drive continues unimpeded to the street with not even a curb to disrupt the flow. Originally on the front side of the building, there was only a wide, concrete sidewalk that featured a metal street light just off the curb.

Most recently, the wide concrete sidewalk included a newer decorative bricked area adjacent to the street with modern streetlights located off the southeast corner of the building and at the street corner. Within the newer area, there are rectangular landscape beds separated by wooden and metal benches. Centrally located in each landscape bed is a single tree. To the rear of the building, the alley is paved with a combination of concrete and black top. UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 24) Part III. Sources of Information A. Primary

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS OK-69. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Various dates Fifteenth Census of the United States: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Available www.ancestry.com, retrieved 5 November Gane, John F., AIA, ed. American Architects Directory. Bowker Company: New York, Available itects%20Directory.aspx, retrieved 5 February Grantor/Grantee Records. Oklahoma County Courthouse, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Available online at ucc-search, retrieved 3 March Oklahoma City Original Townsite plat. Available Oklahoma County Courthouse, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and retrieved 8 January Polk, Oklahoma City Directory. Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. and U.S., Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File for Charles Moureau.

Available www.ancestry.com, retrieved 5 November World War I Draft Registration Card for Gaylord Noftsger. Available www.ancestry.com, retrieved 8 August World War I Draft Registration Card for Charles H. Moureau. Available www.ancestry.com, retrieved 5 November 37 The articles in the Daily Oklahoman were obtained using the newspaper s subscription-based online archives. Accordingly, the page number provided at the end of each article s citation is based on the online archives pagination. For the most part, these page numbers match the original newspaper; however, in some cases these are reflective of multiple runs of the paper. Similarly, some articles have slightly different titles, depending on if the article appeared in the early or late edition.

UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 (Page 25) B. Secondary Sources The American Moderne: Essay: The American Moderne: retrieved 21 September The Streamline Style. retrieved 21 September Tulsa Foundation for Architecture. Tulsa Art Deco. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Wilson, Richard Guy, etal. The Machine Age in America, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 26 Supplemental Material: Figure 1. Union Bus Station, Looking Northwest, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing original Bus Station sign on southwest corner of building UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 27 Figure 2. Union Bus Station, Looking Northwest, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing south elevation (left) and east elevation (center and right) Figure 3.

Union Bus Station, Looking Northwest, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing south elevation from West Sheridan Avenue UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 28 Figure 4. Union Bus Station, Looking Northeast, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing south elevation from West Sheridan Avenue Figure 5. Union Bus Station, Looking Northwest, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing south elevation ribbon windows (right) and entry (left) UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 29 Figure 6. Union Bus Station, Looking Northeast, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing west elevation from across North Walker Avenue Figure 7. Union Bus Station, Looking Northeast, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing close-up of west elevation entry UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 30 Figure 8.

Union Bus Station, Looking Southeast, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing west elevation from across North Walker Avenue Figure 9. Union Bus Station, Looking Southeast, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing north elevation UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 31 Figure 10. Union Bus Station, Looking Southwest, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing north elevation (right) and north part of east elevation (center and left) Figure 11. Union Bus Station, Looking Southwest, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing east elevation UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 32 Figure 12. Union Bus Station, Looking South, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing east elevation (right), bus lanes (center) and parking (left) Figure 13.

Union Bus Station, Looking Southwest, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing east elevation entry (background) and bus lanes (foreground) UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 33 Figure 14. Union Bus Station, Looking Northwest, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing east elevation from West Sheridan Avenue sidewalk Figure 15. Union Bus Station, Looking Northwest, 17 January Author Photograph, Showing east elevation (right and center) and south elevation (left) UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 34 Figure 16. Union Bus Station, Looking West, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing east elevation from upper floor of Black Hotel at 5 North Hudson Figure 17.

Union Bus Station, Looking East, 1 May Author Photograph, Showing east elevation from upper floor of Sheridan Walker Parking Garage West Sheridan Avenue) UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 35 Figure 18. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Southeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing waiting room towards east wall Figure 19. Union Bus Station, Looking Southeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing waiting room towards south wall UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 36 Figure 20. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Northwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing waiting room towards west wall Figure 21. Union Bus Station, Looking Northwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing waiting room towards north wall UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 37 Figure 22.

Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Southwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing game room (center) and restaurant area (right) from waiting room Figure 23. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Southeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing south (center) wall and west (right) wall in restaurant area UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 38 Figure 24. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Southeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing west (right) wall and south (left) wall in restaurant area Figure 25. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Northeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing east wall in restaurant area UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 39 Figure 26.

Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Northeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing east (right) wall and north (left) wall in restaurant area (foreground) and waiting room (background) Figure 27. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking North, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing grill area (right and center) and office (background left) in restaurant area UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 40 Figure 28. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Northeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing restaurant backroom freezer Figure 29. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking East, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing restaurant backroom with exterior door (center) and interior basement stairs door (left) UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 41 Figure 30.

Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Northeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing restaurant backroom stairs to basement Figure 31. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Southwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing restaurant backroom south hallway with storage room (left) and janitor closet (center) UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 42 Figure 32. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking northwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing baggage claim area on northwest side of waiting room Figure 33. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking southwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing baggage claim area on west side of waiting room from baggage storage area UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 43 Figure 34.

Union Bus Station Interior, Looking northwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing hallway to baggage storage area Figure 35. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking northwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing drivers room towards hallway to baggage storage area UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 44 Figure 36. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking southeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing baggage storage area Figure 37. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking northwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing baggage storage area UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 45 Figure 38. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking North, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing north hallway (center) and mezzanine level stairs (right) Figure 39.

Union Bus Station Interior, Looking East, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing door to east elevation (center) and first floor landing for basement stairs (right) UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 46 Figure 40. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Southeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing basement stairs on northeast side of main floor Figure 41. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Northeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing basement stairs landing from basement central hallway UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 47 Figure 42.

Union Bus Station Interior, Looking West, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing basement center hallway with opening for office (left foreground), side hallway to mechanical/service rooms (left background), men s restroom (center) and barber shop with window (right) Figure 43. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking South, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing side hallway to mechanical (right) and service (center) rooms from basement hallway UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 48 Figure 44. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Southwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing mechanical room Figure 45. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Southwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing basement utility room towards nonoriginal wall (left) UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 49 Figure 46.

Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Northeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing upper section of capped basement stairs Figure 47. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking northeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing lower section of capped basement stairs UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 50 Figure 48. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Southwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing men s restroom Figure 49. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Northeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing barber shop area UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 51 Figure 50. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking North, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing mezzanine stairs from waiting room Figure 51.

Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Southwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing second floor office hallway UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 52 Figure 52. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Northwest, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing women s restroom Figure 53. Union Bus Station Interior, Looking Southeast, 20 January Author Photograph, Showing stairs from mezzanine level UNION BUS STATION HABS OK-69 Page 53 Location Map Figure 54: Union Bus Station, 427 West Sheridan Avenue, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (USGS Topographic Map, Topo Name: Oklahoma City, Scale: Year: