Spartanburg County, South Carolina - Chapter 37: Captain Harrison P. Griffith, 1900

Chapter 37: Captain Harrison P. Griffith

Was born in Laurens county in 1837. He is of South Carolina descent, the paternal line extending through Stephen, his father, and Benjamin, his grandfather, to Ezekiel Grifhth, his great-grandfather, who was a native of Wales and a soldier of the Revolution. His mother, Martha Woodruff, was a daughter of Thomas Woodruff,, the first settler of the town of Woodruff, who married Mary Patillo, daughter of Dr. Richard Harrison, a soldier of the Revolution and one of the first .county court judges for Spartanburg, whose name is mentioned elsewhere.

Captain Griffith was reared on his father's farm in Laurens county, and educated at the Furman University. "In August, i86t, he enlisted in Co. E, 14th S. C. Regiment, brigade of General Maxey Gregg, was elected first lieutenant at the organization, and in the fall of 1862 was promoted to captain. His first battle was at Port Royal on the coast, and then going to \'irginia he took part in the great combats of Gaines' Mill, Frazier's Farm and Malvern Hill ; fought through the Maryland campaign and the famous battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, in the latter battle receiving a wound in the leg. At the battle of the Wilderness, May, 1864, he was shot through both feet and disabled for further duty on the field. After his recovery he attempted to report for light duty, but the war came to an end before he could reach the field."

ing for a few years, and in 1872 he established a school at Woodruff, called the Bethel High School, which he conducted successfully for eight years. He was then made first president of the Cooper Limestone Institute, now Limestone College, which position he held for fifteen years.

Professor Griffith is a frequent contributor to current literature. In 1883 he published a volume, " Life of John G. Landrum," which was well received. More recently he has i^ublished in pamphlet form a thrilling account of his recollections of the battle of Chancellorsville and of Jackson's famous flank movement, which is the best this writer has ever met with.

In 1897 he was elected colonel of the Cherokee Regiment United Confederate Veterans, an honor which was worthily bestowed. Captain (or Colonel as we now prefer to call him) Griffith is still in the full vigor of health and strength, and we trust there are still awaiting him many years of usefulness and prosperity.

none worthy of more prominence than R. B. Monk, the subject of this sketch, who, by honest industry and perseverance, has accumulated a handsome competency for himself and family, thus proving what may be accomplished in this day and generation by conducting the business of the farm in a systematic and methodical manner.

He is a son of Thomas O. and Jane (McElreathy Monk, and was born in Spartanburg county, October 27th, 1833. Hewas reared to appreciate what it is to make an honest dollar by the sweat of his brow, and was educated in tlu schools of his neighborhood. He married first Miss Fannie Clifton, by whom he had one child, a daughter, who subsequently became the wife of Mr.

James Geddes, a merchant at Spartanburg. Mr. Geddes and his wife are both dead. Three children survive them. He married a second time to Miss Lizzie, second daughter of William C. Camp, Esq., by whom he has a son - Robbie.

It may be said of ]\Ir. Monk that his success as a farmer has been largely due to his excellent judgment and close attention to business. He would prove a success where others would fail.

In early life he embraced the Christian religion and became a member of the Presbyterian Church, but for reasons satisfactory to himself he subsequently joined the Baptist Church, of which he is a prominent member and deacon. He has been a regular attendant as a delegate upon the associations to which his church belonged for thirty-five years or more, and has often been a member of the State and Southern Baptist conventions and other religious bodies. He calculates first and last that he has spent as much time in these religious bodies as would make two and a half months.

Before the outbreak of the civil war between the States he was a captain of a militia company in Greenville district, S. C, and at the beginning of said war in 1861 he enlisted in Co. B, 22d Regiment, S. C. V., and continued with said regiment, participating in all the battles in which it was engaged until 1863, when, on account of a severe illness of typhoid fever, he was retired from the service.

Since the war he has lived the life of a quiet and industrious citizen. Although giving close attention to his private business, he is nevertheless liberal, benevolent and public-spirited in all matters looking to the upbuilding of his county and State. He is especially interested in the spread of a liberal education among the rising generations of his country, and is one of the trustees of Limestone College, Gaffney, S. C, which is one of the leading educational institutions of the South. To this honorable position he was selected with reference to his eminent fitness and business management.

Wilson Henry Moore

son of Peter and Rosa (Wood) Moore, was born June 13, 1835, in the immediate neighborhood where he now resides, which is near Arlington Mills in the present county of Spartanburg. He was educated in the Zoar Academy, taught at different periods by Lew Cocorel^

Public interest centers in Mr. Moore largely owing to the fact that he is one of the survivors of the terrible mine explosion near Petersburg, Vi., July 30th, 1864.

In January, 1862, he volunteered in Co. B, 22d Regiment, S. C. v., commanded respectively by captains John Wheeler, Payton Ballenger, Robert G. Fleming, W. Alex Benson and George B. Lake, and was in the service all the time until he became a victim of the mine explosion. Besides Captain George B. Lake, Lieutenant W. K. Lake, and one private (Ransom Lee) , Wilson Moore and Bee Keller, who was temporarily absent at the time of the explosion, were the only persons left in Co. B, 2 2d S. C. Regiment, to tell the horrors of the crater. Thirty-two men in this company were buried for eternity.

It is known to every reader of the history of the civil war that the explosion of the mine near Petersburg was the result of an effort on the part of the Federal army to break through the Confederate lines near that place, and the horrors resulting therefrom can never be accurately described on the pages of American history. A Federal officer who was an eye-witness states : "It was a magnificent spectacle, and as the mass of earth went into the air, carrying with it men, guns, carriages and timbers, and spreading out like an immense cloud as it reached its altitude, so close were the Union lines that the mass appeared as if it would descend immediatelyupon the troops waiting to make the charge. Little did those men anticipate what they would see upon arriving there : an enormous hole in the ground about 30 feet deep, 60 feet wide and 1 70 feet long, filled with dust, great blocks of clay, guns, broken carriages, projecting timbers and men buried in various ways - some up to their necks, others to their waists, and some with only their feet and legs protruding from the earth." Just a few hours before the springing of the mine at Petersburg Wilson H. Moore had just come ofT guard duty. Finding his comrades all lying lengthwise of the ditch for the convenience of room, he lay down crosswise of the same. He thinks that it was this position which saved his life, that he was thrown upward by the effect of the explosion. Being asleep at the time he was thrown upward, his first consciousness was the falling of clods of dirt upon his head ; this caused him to throw up his hands, which were discovered protruding above the earth when the cloud of dust had passed off. Bee Keller, who was absent when the mine was sprung as stated, returning, found him in this position, and attempted to rescue him, when he was arrested by the enemy who had already entered the crater. He (Keller), with Captain Lake and Lieutenant Lake, who had been dug out alive, was carried to the rear and sent to prison. One of the legs of Wilson H. Moore, who was also dug out by the troops of the enemy, being fractured, he could not be removed. He says but for the protection of three white Federal soldiers, he would have been clubbed to death by the negro soldiers as they entered the crater. All day long from the hour of the explosion until 9 o'clock at night he lay in the earth with his limb fractured and undressed, without a drop of water and only with shirt and drawers on, having undresserl before he laid down to repose with his comrades. The officers and litter-bearers of his own regiment having^ all been killed in the explosion, there was no one whose special duty it was to look after him after the crater had been recaptured by the Confederates. His sufferings were almost intolerable, and through a kind providence his life was miraculously saved.

Bee Keller, whom we have stated escaped this terrible explosion, was never permitted to return to his home. He died in prison a few months afterward. Lieutenant W. J. Lake, one of the officers already referred to, lived until the past year (1899), when he, too, "crossed over the river " to rejoin the spirits of his brave companions who had gone before him. Only two survivors, members of this company of brave heroes, are now living, Wilson H. Moore, the subject of this sketch, and Captain Geo. B.. Lake. (See sketch. )

After the close of the civil war Wilson H. Moore returned home to pursue the life of an honest and industrious farmer, which character he has always maintained, commanding the respect and esteem of his neighbors.

October 20th, 1855, he married Martha Jane, daughter of Joseph Smith near Holly Springs, by whom he has children, viz.: Josiah Pinckney, Jesse Oliver, Laura Abbe and Wm. Henry.

Dr. Marcus Obadiah Rowland

was born June 4th, 1836, in Spartanburg county, S. C. His ancestors were of Revolutionary stock. He is a son of H. J. and L. VV. (Trimmier) Rowland. His paternal grandfather was George Rowland and his maternal grandfather was Obadiah Trimmier, from whom he derives his middle name, who was among the first county court judges for Spirtanburg. He obtained a good education in the common schools of his neighborhood ; studied medicine with Dr. L. C. Kennedy at Spartanburg, and graduated at the Medical College of South Carolina at Charleston in 1859, and began the practice at his father's old homestead place, near Boiling Spring, S. C, where he now resides.

In April, 1 861, he entered the service as a member of the Lawson Fork Volunteers (Captain Rial B. Seay); was elected surgeon of said company, but after a time was discharged by a petition to return home and practice medicine, which he did for awhile ; but being yet young in years, and there being an increasing demand for soldiers in the army, he revolunteered and entered the cavalry arm of the service, where he remained until the end of the war. Returning home he resumed the practice of medicine in connection with his farming operations. He was elected and served as a representative in the State Legislature from his native county from 1890 to '96, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention of South Carolina which met in 1865.

During the present year (1899) Dr. Rowland was appointed by the governor as one of the Board of Directors of the S. C. Penitentiary to fill the unexpired term of Cunningham resigned. A better selection to fill this important office could not have been made among the citizens of Spartanburg county or anywhere else. Dr. Rowland, outside of the fact that he has always stood well as a physician, is a progressive citizen and farmer; a man of sound judgment and conservative ideas; a popular and safe adviser among his neighbors and people, and a useful citizen and an obliging neighbor. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity and has been Worshipful Master of New Prospect Lodge for a number of years. He is still in his years of activity and usefulness. He has never married.

Lieut. Wm. A. Nesbitt

son of Jas. Madison and Elizabeth Dawkins (Fielder) Nesbitt, was born June 14th, 1840, and was killed at the Second Battle of Manassas, August 30th, 1862.

He was reared with industrious habits and educated in the best schools of his neighborhood, and when he had about reached the full years of his maturity he volunteered in the service of his country. He first joined the Blackstock Company (K), Third Regiment, S. C. V., and passed safely through the battles of Bull Run (Blackburn's Ford) and First Manassas ; subsequently joined Company H, Hagood's ist South Carolina Regiment (Captain J. C. Winsmith), of which he was elected first lieutenant, which office he held at the time of his death. In the great battle in which he was numbered among the killed he acted with distinguished bravery. His colonel said that "Young Nesbitt acted witli such signal gallantry that the sharpshooters of the enemy seemed to single him out as the victim of their wrath. ' '

Lieutenant Nesbitt was pure in morals and was possessed of a pleasing disposition. Young, mauly, industrious and temperate, he promised to be the comfort and roof-tree of his widowed mother and fatherless sisters.

illness which he contracted at Richmond, Va., while attending his son, who was prostrated with typhoid fever. He was a ruling elder in the Mount Calvary (Presbyterian) Church, and in a quiet, unostentatious manner discharged the various duties of his station in life. In this capacity "he was pious, faithful and self-denying; as a citizen, exemplary, benevolent and charitable ; as a master, judicious, humane and kind. An affectionate husband and father, he left behind him a devoted wife, who survived him many years, and seven children to mourn his loss."

Dr. George R. Dean

in Anderson county, S. C. His father, a Baptist minister, descended from Charles Dean, one of two brothers who landed at Alexandria, Va., in 1670, and settled near Mt. Vernon. His mother was descended from the Broyles (Scotch-Irish), a prominent family in Anderson county. His education was of the common school until i860, when he entered Fnrman University at Greenville, S. C. In 1 86 1 he went to the Citadel at Charleston, S. C, where he, with that gallant corps, fought the battles up and down the coast with other Confederate soldiers ; and when the days of danger were over, he and his fellow comrades were recalled to the institution, and thus pursued their studies while the soldiers were passing weary hours in the camps. He was graduated from the Citadel after the war as captain of Co. A, the highest office to which a cadet could attain, and stood second in a class of thirty-six.

After the war he taught school at Bel ton, S. C. , and read medicine at the same time. He entered the South Carolina Medical College at Charleston in the fall of 1866, and graduated in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in the spring of 1868.

years afterwards removed to Spartanburg county, where he began the practice of medicine near Campton in connection with farming, proving successful in both. He was the pioneer of redeeming the old fields in his section thought to be worthless, and, as a result, cotton soon; became a large business in that portion of the county (Campton) where it was only grown a few years before in small quantities.

Ill 1886 Dr. Dean was elected and served as a representative in the State lyCgislature from Spartanburgcounty, but having no special inclination to politics he declined reelection. In 1889 he moved to Spartanburg,, where he has practied his profession ever since. He is now president of the Southern Railway Surgeons' Association, member of the State Board of Health, and member of other medical associations. He is among the first in his profession, is a progressive and public-spirited citizen and a deacon of the first Baptist church at Spartanburg.

Captain John Hayne Blassingame

was born at Pendleton, S. C. , in 1831. His father was John Blassingame and his mother was a Miss Sloan, sister of the late Colonel John T. Sloan of Columbia, for many years clerk of House of Representatives. His paternal grandfather. General John Blassingame, served in the war of 1812. When quite a boy the parents of Captain Blassingame removed to Alabama, where they lived for several years, during which time the father died. After this the family returned to South Carolina, when Mrs. Blassingame married John Bomar, Jr., one of the proprietors of Bivingsville (now Glendale) cotton factory.

<eral Albert Sidney Johnston of U. S. A. was ordered to that State to quell the disturbances, he joined his forces and was promoted for bravery.

When South Carolina seceded in December, i860, and for her sons to volunteer in her defence, he felt that he owed his allegiance to his mother State and immediately returned liome to defend her rights. He rode all the way from Pike's Peak, a distance of 2,000 miles, on horseback, and upon his arrival in his native State he enlisted in Co. K (Spartan Rifles), 5th Regiment, S. C. V. He went to Charleston and afterwards to Virginia, where he served faithfully, rising from a private to the position of captain of his company, which subsequently formed a part of the Palmetto Sharpshooters.

While fighting bravely in one of the battles in Virginia he was dangerously wounded, but recovered after careful treatment. After recovery he returned to the army, where he served with distinguished gallantry until the end of the war.

Returning home after the war he was elected sheriff of his native county, but under the reconstruction measures of Congress, having served as captain in the Confederate army, he resigned before the end of his term.

After the reconstruction days had passed he was elected county treasurer by a large majority. This was in 1877, and two years later he was reelected and the followingyear was chosen sheriff. After serving one term assheriff he retired from public life.

"On August i6th, 1896, while guarding the house of a relative and neighbor during the temporary absence of the occupants he was shot down in cold blood by a colored burglar, who narrowly escaped being lynched."'

As a gentleman, soldier and public citizen. Captain Blassingame was true and devoted to the best interests of his country ; he was an exalted type of the gentleman of the old school, and was beloved and honored by alL

Hon. Stephen Elliott Mason

Being the mainstay of a widowed mother his education was limited. He attended for awhile the high school at Woodruff taught by Elijah Davis, Esq.. but by dint of perseverance, gathering a little here and there at mature manhood, his education was far superior to many who had better facilities. While a young man the civil war broke out. Living at the time in Louisiana and engaged in farming, he at once entered the service in a Louisiana battalion in Starke's Brigade, doing valiant service for his country. His comrades testify that he was a gallant, faithful soldier, always ready to do his duty, however hard or dangerous.

After the war was over he returned to his native county and continued the avocation of a farmer on the old homestead. He was wide-awake, progressive and successful in his farming operations. The people of Spartanburg county, appreciating his worth as a citizen,, elected him county commissioner (from 1876 to 1880 in-

He was a courteous and cheerful companion, given to hospitality, a just and honorable man, and a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. At the time of his death he was a faithful, earnest teacher in the Baptist church (Unity) near where he lived. He was a prominent Mason in the Cavins Lodge ; was one of the originators and officers of the Woodruff Agricultural Fair.

In every relation of life, as a man, as a citizen, host or neighbor, Mason or teacher, in the conduct of a private citizen, in the service of his State and county, in war and in peace, in all of the vicissitudes of life, his influence was always exerted for the elevation and betterment of his fellow man. As an evidence of all this, after his death, in consideration of his worth and service, the Baptist Sunday-school, the Masonic lodge and the session of his church, of which he was an elder, passed heartfelt, appropriate resolutions and entered them upon their minutes.

Mrs. Mason survived her husband two years. She was a lady of the highest type of Christian character. Her gentle and unassuming nature, her conscious rectitude of purpose and her zealous advocacy of all good was born September 4th, 1827. ^^ was a son of Caleb Allen, a highly respected citizen, who left a good record behind him for devoted piety, honest industry and a true Southern public spirit and patriotism. His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Woodruff, a woman of sterling worth and filial duty, who was a daughter of Joseph Woodruff, the first settler in the present flourishing town of Woodruff, S. C, and from whom it derived its name. His only brother was Woodard Allen, a prominent, pious and influential citizen, who resided near Cedar Spring, S. C, whose wife was a Miss Wells, daughter of Jehu Wells, who still survives as a lady of the highest respectability and consistent Christian character and example. He had three sisters who arrived at the age of womanhood, viz. : Amanda, who married Wm. Todd; Louisa v., who married Dr. Wright, and Sarah H., who married Dr. M. W. Drummond. All these, now deceased, were ladies of sterling worth and refinement. Eber S. Allen was educated in the best schools of his day, and was a man of more than ordinary intelligence and force of character, being well-informed on all the current topics of the day. When a young man he was elected captain of a militia company, and snbseqnently became colonel of the 45th Regiment, S. C. M. When the civil war between the States broke out he was among the first to enlist. He went as a private in the company of Captain F. M. Tucker, i8th Regiment, S. C. V., and was soon promoted to the position of quartermaster-sergeant of said regiment, and served in this capacity until the surrender at Appomattox, Like many others of that period he returned home much disheartened and broken down financially ; but being gifted by nature with push and energy he soon accumulated a comfortable living for himself and family.

During the exciting political period of 1876 in South Carolina, when men of solid worth were needed to represent the people in the legislative halls. Colonel E. S. Allen was nominated and elected by the people of Spartanburg county a representative in the State Legislature, and was a member of the historic " Wallace House." He was elected a second time in 1880. He was also elected a director in the State Penitentiary, which position he held for eight years. In the various public positions which he held, both civil and military, he was always a trustworthy servant of the people

He was a consistent and influential member of the Baptist Church for nearly forty years ; was treasurer of the old Tyger River (afterwards Spartanburg) Association for a number of years. He was also for a considerable time treasurer of Bethel Church at Woodruff, S. C, of which he was a member, and was also the teacher of the young men's Bible class for more than a quarter of a century, with great and lasting results.

In 1858 he married Miss Mollie A., second daughter of Harrison Drummond, by which marriage he had two daughters, both of whom preceded him to the grave.

Colonel Allen died some time early in the nineties, a Christian strong in faith with no fears of death. His widow survives him as a resident of his old homestead near Woodruff, S. C.

who removed from Orangeburg county to Spartanburg district about 1835 and settled on South Tyger River, near present Switzer Station, on the same estate now^ occupied by his family.

The name of his paternal grandfather was Frederick Switzer, who was a soldier of the Revolution. He emigrated from Germany to Orangeburg district about twelve months before the Revolution. His first landing in America was in Charleston. He was a farmer by occupation, and died and was buried in Orangeburg county.

He was a merchant after the Revolution, and it is stated that he was a very ingenious man. Both of the grandfathers referred to suffered many hardships and dangers during the Revolution and were in several battles and skirmishes in that great struggle for American, liberty.

Referring again to Frederick Switzer, the father of Captain D. A. Switzer, he was twice married, first to Katy Brandenburg. By this marriage one son was born : John R. Switzer of Laurens county, S. C, who at this writing (1900) is about ninety years of age. By the second marriage to a Miss Brandenburg, sister or cousin of the first wife, he had children as follows : Frederick, who married Julia, daughter of Rev. Warren Drummond, both living in Arkansas, where they reared a highly respectable family and own large possessions ; David A., the subject of this sketch; Mary, who married Harvey Drummond, a highly respected citizen and son of Rev. Warren Drummond. Both Harvey Drummond and his wife are now dead, but they reared a family of high respectability and social position. The next child in order was Luther Switzer, who died while reading medicine with Dr. L. C. Kennedy at Spartanburg. He was never married.

Henry, another son, was a resident of the State of Arkansas at the outbreak of the civil war. He volunteered and entered the Confederate service as captain of a company in a regiment organized in his State, as did also his brother Frederick, This regiment belonged to Holmes's division and did gallant service in the capture of Fort Helena on the Mississippi River. He was subsequently captured, and was kept for a time in close confinement where he contracted disease and died. He was a promising and orallant young man and was never mairied. One daughter, Barbary, of Frederick Switzer married Sanford Mahaffey of Laurens county, S. C. She died about fifteen months after her marriage.

James, the youngest son of Frederick, lives at the old homestead of his father. He is a progressive farmer and married Julia, daughter of John B. Archer of Spartanburg. They have six sons, viz. : James, John, Edgar, Paul, Wells and Carroll, all with him.

Captain David A. Switzer, the subject of our sketch, was educated mainly at Slabtown, S. C, under John L. Kennedy, an able instructor in his day and time. Before the civil war he was commissioned as captain of the Concord Beat company, which paraded near his present residence (Switzer, S. C), and as such served with efficiency for eight years. This company formed a part of the old 36th Regiment, S. C. M. During the period that he commanded this company it was a part of his duty to preserve the peace and keep good order in his beat by the appointment of patrols, which duty he performed to the entire satisfaction of all.

At the beginning of the civil war Captain Switzer volunteered for the Confederate service, but being seriously afflicted with rheumatism he was rejected. He soon after went to Hot Springs, Ark., to restore his health, and after remaining there for a time returned home and volunteered a second time, but was again rejected by a board of examining surgeons. While at home he rendered valuable service to his country in providing for the poor and needy, and especially for the wives of the soldiers in his section who were in the army.

Since the war he has remained on his farm attending strictly to his private business, but is broad- and liberal- Tninded, and is a consistent member of the Baptist church.

He has never aspired to politics or public office, but has always been classed as a progressive and industrious farmer and a useful citizen.

In the latter part of the seventies he married Miss Katy Mahaffey of Laurens county. By this marriage four children were born, viz. : Rosa, who married Dr. J. B. Stepp, one child, Katy G. ; Willie, who died in childhood ; Minnie, who married Ralph Jorden, one child, Catharine; and David A., youngest child, twentyone years, unmarried.

Colonel Flavius Jefferson Poole

was born in Lexington county, S. C, October 19th, 1834. His grandfather, William Poole, was born in Westmoreland county, Va., and in early manhood moved to Lexington county, where he reared a family of two boys and three girls. The eldest of the sons was Aaron Poole, the father of the subject of this sketch, who married a daughter of George Crim of Lexington county. Of the five children that resulted from this marriage only Colonel Poole and one sister (Mrs. Carrie Jackson of Spartanburg) survive.

Both the grandparents of Colonel Poole were Revolutionary soldiers. When he was a lad his father died, but his mother married again and removed to Spartanburg county, where he was reared, living on a farm near Reidville and receiving a limited education at the Reidville High School, which he attended for three sessions, paying his tuition and board out of the limited funds which he had accumulated before entering.

Professor Davis, who was then his instructor, was very anxious that he should continue at school, and learning that he was not in a position financially to pay board and tuition, proposed to instruct him free of tuition as long as he could continue in school. For this token ot

One day while realizing the awkwardness of his position - being without a job and without means with which to create one - he received a message from a kind friend asking him to call at his home, that he would like to see him, with which request he complied at once. This kind friend was none other than Colonel B. T. Brockman, who was then merchandizing about two miles from Reidville. A short time after this he learned that he had been recommended to Colonel Brockman by his good friend Wm. W. Calvert, with whom he had boarded while at school, and also w^th whom he had lived before. To this day Mr. and Mrs. Calvert -are as dear to him as father and mother.

Here he remained until the breaking out of the war between the States, when a company was raised in that community for the Confederate service. This was called the " Brockman Guards " and became subsequently Co. B, 13th Regiment, S. C. V., of which F. J. Poole became second sergeant, and which was organized near Reidville, S. C, being composed of the very best material in that community.

Soon after the seven days' battle around Richmond Sergeant Poole was elected junior second lieutenant of his company vice T. A. Baswell resigned, and upon the death of Captain Jesse R. Brockman from wounds received in battle, he was promoted to the captaincy of his company, his commission dating from the I2tli of May, 1864.

Captain Poole was wounded three times. First at Chancellorsville, which disabled him for three or four months ; second, Jericho Ford ; and third, at Jones's Farm, near Petersburg, He also suffered during the war from a severe attack of typhoid fever.

Company B, 13th S. C. Regiment, which Captain Poole had the honor of commanding, succeeding the gallant Brockman, slain in battle, had enlisted from first to last about 150 men. Of this number about 28 were killed and died from wounds received on battlefield. About 31 died of disease, and about 36 were wounded in battle and survived. At present about 38 or 40 members are living.

From Appomattox, after the surrender of General Lee, Captain Poole marched on foot to his home in Spartanburg. He was seventeen days on the road, having to lie over two or three days on account of the painfulness of the wound received at Chancellorsville.

After returning home in May, 1865, he began teaching, which he continued through the following year - 1866. In 1881 he removed to Piedmont, S. C, where he has since been employed in a mercantile firm.

Colonel Poole derives his present title of colonel from the fact that on the 5th of May, 1899, as commander of Camp Crittenden, No. 707, U. C. V., Piedmont, S. C, he was unanimously elected colonel by the camps of Greenville county, S. C, vice Colonel James A. Hoyt, resigned, which position he at present holds.

On the 1 8th June, 1863, Colonel Poole was married to Miss Mary E.Johnson, eldest daughter of Rev. Washington Johnson, a Baptist minister. Six children have been born unto them - two boys and four girls.

Capt. Andrew Kendre Smith

Andrew was born May 15th, 1823, and was killed on the field of the second sattle of Manassas, August 29th, 1862, being in the thirty-seventh year of his age. His early education was equal to that of many boys of his- day and generation, but being the son of a pious parentage, he not only received good moral training, but having descended from Revolutionary stock, he inherited by inspiration, as it were, the principles fostered and maintained by a patriotic ancestry ; and when the time came for South Carolina to call upon her sons, in her time of greatest peril, to defend her proud name and sovereignty, Andrew K. Smith was among the first to volunteer. He left Pacolet, S. C, for Charleston, April 15th, 1861, two days after the fall of Sumter, as first lieutenant in the company of Captain John J. Brown, which formed a part of the 5tli Regiment, S. C. V., which was among the first volunteers from Spartanburg. He remained on Sullivan's Island until June of the same year, when he returned home with fever. Recovering from his sickness, he organized a company in September following, which was known as Company I, i3tli Regiment, S. C. V., which went to the coast, but in April following enlisted for the war and went to Virginia, - where it did valiant service.

On the second day of the second battle of jManassas Captain Smith was pierced through the temple by a Minie ball, and thus he gave up his life a sacrifice for the country he so dearly loved. He left a devoted wife, Mrs. Manerva Littlejohn Smith, and five little children to mourn the loss of husband and father. But like hundreds, nay thousands, of noble mothers that so illuminate those dark days in our country's history, ]\Irs. Smith was equal to the duties devolving upon her ; and now, after a third of a century, we find her and her five children - two sons and three daughters - still living. The oldest son, H. C. Smith, is a merchant of Sherman, Texas. The other son is Dr. S. B. Smith, of Naples, Texas. The daughters are Mrs. G. W. Whitman, F. C. Haynes and N. G. Littlejohn.

No bosom ever carried a truer heart, no spirit was ever animated more with love of home and country's welfare than his ; and in summing up its illustrious martyrs Spartanburg county may well be proud to enroll amonof her fallen heroes the name of Andrew K. Smith.

In 1857 when the trouble arose between the States as to whether Kansas, on her admission into the Union, should be a slave or nonslaveholding State, he volunteered in a c o m p a n }^ fro m Union, S. C, went to Kansas and staid about a year, undergoing many hardships, but returned home in safety and resumed his work on his farm, where he remained until the outbreak of tlie war between the States. He was a strong secessionist, and in a few months after South Carolina passed the ordinance dissolving her relations with the Federal Union, he raised a company and volunteered in the service of his native State. His company formed a part of the 5th Regiment, S. C. V., the first service of which was on Sullivan's Island during the latter part of April and month of May, 1861.

Upon a call of the company which had enlisted in the State service to reenlist for the Confederate service, it refused, and was consequently disbanded. This was a matter of disappointment and mortification to Captain Brown. His company refusing to go to Virginia, he enlisted as a private in the company of Captain Wm. M. Foster's company, from Cowpens, which formed a part of the 9th Regiment S. C. V. (Colonel Blanding), and went to Virginia, where he served out his twelve months' enlistment.

When he joined Captain Foster's company at Pacolet depot, where the company took the cars for Virginia, fifteen of his original company on Sullivan's Island went with him, making, with himself, sixteen. Only four of this number ever returned to their homes at Pacolet, the other twelve having been killed or having died of disease, Captain Brown and two of his brothers being three of the four, all bearing wounds received in battle. Franklin Harvey was the other one of the four that returned.

In the spring of 1862, upon the reorganization of the army in Virginia, he, with Captain John Martin, raised a company and joined the regiment of Palmetto Sharp- -shooters under Colonel Micah Jenkins. Martin was made captain and J. J. Brown first lieutenant.

Captain Brown was wounded slightly in the foot at Seven Pines, Va, , and in the seven days' battle around Richmond he was wounded in the ankle. In this battle Captain was wounded so badly that he died. J. J. Brown was then made captain of the company, but on account of the severity of the wound in his ankle received at White Oak Swamp was unable to take command of the same. Consequently he resigned, but remained with his regiment as sutler until the end of the war.

of the town of Gaffney, S. C, on the Air Line (now- Southern Railroad), he removed there with his family, where he continued the business of merchandizing until' his death, which took place November 25th, 1886.

In November, 1864, he married Elizabeth Agnes,, daughter of Gen. B. F. Bates, a congenial and devoted companion, who survived him a few years. By this marriage ten children were born, nine of whom are living, viz. : Jane, who married J. N. Cudd, merchant at Spartanburg ; Carrie, who married W. C. Carpenter, of Carroll & Carpenter, merchants, Gaffney, S. C. ; Landrum, who married Mary Wilson, of Charlotte, N. C. ; William F., who married Beona, daughter of Captain Moses Wood, of Gaffney, S. C. ; Thomas, Mary S., Annie W., Paul and Idelle.

Major John J. Brown was an upright and progressive business man, a pure patriot and Christian, being at the time of his death an acceptable member of the Baptist Church. At the time of his death he was a trustee in the Cooper Limestone Institute, and the revival of this institution, known in former times as Limestone Springs- Female High School, was largely due to his untiring enerev and liberalitv.

Captain Jacob Quickle Carpenter

This distinguished soldier of two wars was born in Lincolnton, N. C, about the year 1827. Upon the declaration of war against Mexico by the United States in 1846, being then only in his nineteenth year, he volunteered and went to Mexico as a member of a North Carolina regiment, and remained in the service for several years, returning home after peace was declared.

It is said of young Carpenter that in "a bloody and almost savage engagement that took place between the city of Vera Cruz and Mexico, a United States battery

"had been left on a bridge that was commanded by Mexican artillery. That battery had to be taken, and into the smoke and carnage " young Carpenter "flung himself, the echo of his dauntless words reaching down these years, 'battery or a soldier's grave.' The deed was gloxious, and thrice glorious was the victory ! "

Soon after the close of the Mexican war he settled in Spartanburg county, and began merchandizing at Grassy Pond, which business "he continued at said place with success until the outbreak of the war between the States.

At its beginning a was organized embracing for the most part the territory -of the Spartanburg portion of the present county of Cherokee. This company was -composed of the very best young men that this section afforded. Its first captain was J. O. Carpenter, the subject of this sketch. T'he company organized with the 5th Regiment, S. C. V., and was known as Company G of said regiment. It served in Virginia for the most part during the first year of the war, and participated in all the active campaigns and marches of that year. At the expiration of his term of twelve months' enlistment, and upon the reorganization of the armies of the Confederacy in 1862, 'Captain Carpenter was again elected captain of a newlyorganized company, known as Company M, Palmetto Sharpshooters, but was permitted to serve only a few

In 1850 Captain Carpenter married Miss Allie G. Clarke, daughter of Wm. G. Clarke, of Spartanburg district, by whom he had four children, viz.: Alice, who married I. C. Surratt ; Sarah, who married J. I. Smith ;. Wm. C. Carpenter, of the firm of Carroll & Carpenter,. Gaffney, S. C; and Jones Keith Carpenter, who married a Miss Bullock.

These " children were too young ever to recall the season when father enveloped them with strong, loving arms, and sadly do they realize how deprived they have been of lessons of wisdom and that flood of impulse and interest that can only flow from a father's heart. All honor to the mother who, with grand endurance, held the key of the souls of her precious immortals and stamped their character with father's image."

Lieutenant Benson B. Chapman

son of William and Elvira (White) Chapman, was born near New Prospect, S. C, January 25th, 1844. His father was married twice. First to a daughter of Major John Graves McClure, who was a valiant soldier of the Revolution, and second to a granddaughter of Daniel White (father of Henry White, Esq.), who also served in the Revolution.

The subject of this sketch was raised on his father's farm and received his academic education at New Prospect. For several years just preceding the civil war^ he was employed as clerk in the general merchandise store of Mr. Aaron Cannon on South Pacolet River.

When the State called for troops he volunteered as a private in the Pacolet Volunteers (Captain W. P. Compton), which subsequently became Co. F, 13th Regiment, S. C. v., and for meritorious service in Jackson's corps of Lee's army he was promoted to a lieutenancv. He participated in that thrilling flank movement of Jackson's corps to the rear of Hooker's army at Chancellorsville, Va. , May 2d, 1863, and early on Sunday morning of May 3d,, when his regiment was advancing on the Federal batteries, his left leg was severed by a cannon ball.

After the war he finished his education at Wofford College. After that he taught a few years. Was elected school commissioner for Spartanburg in 1876, which position he has held to the present year (1900), with the exception of four years.

In 1886 Mr. Chaj^man united in marriage with Miss Montie M. Clemont, who died in 1892, leaving one son, Malcolm Malcolm, now twelve years of age.

In 1894 Mr. Chapman was fortunate in recovering the beautiful silk flag which had been presented to the Pacolet Volunteers by the ladies of the Pacolets, North and South. Upon the adoption of a battle-flag by the Confederacy this flag was not used, and during the war was placed for safe keeping in the court-house at Spartanburg. When the Federal cavalry raided that town early in 1865 a soldier by the name of Cahalan carried off the banner to Patterson, N. J., and presented it to his sister, Miss Cahalan, who, in 1894, made inquiries through the press for representatives of the Pacolet Volunteers. Mr. Chapman noticed the inquiry and answered it, and recovered the banner in October, 1894, by paying $5 for it, and has it now in his possession.

Lieutenant William M. Chapman, Jr

the only brother and two years the senior of B. B. Chapman, was reared on his father's farm under the same conditions as his brother. He received an academic education at New Prospect.

At the breaking out of the civil war he was employed as a clerk in the general merchandise store of Dr. W. P. Compton, where the Pacolet Volunteers first organized in 1 86 1, in which company he enlisted, and by his faithfulness to all his duties as a soldier and his gallant service on the field of battle in the corps of Stonewall Jackson, he was promoted to a lieutenancy, and remained true and faithful in the discharge of his duties as a soldier throughout the entire war of four years.

On Sunday morning, April 2d, 1865, but five days 1 efore the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, on the Southside Railway, near Petersburg, when McGowen's brigade made its last stand, there was an individual tragedy that caused grim soldiers, long inured to hardships and horrible tragedies of war, to shudder. The Federals were making an onslaught on the Confederate line in overwhelming numbers in front and also by flank. The commanding officer of the 13th Regiment gave the order to change front by companies to check the onslaught pressing from several directions. Lieutenant Chapman drew his sword to execute his part of this maneuver. The shriek and crash of a shell from a Federal battery firing down the line on the flank, and a soldier is seen with outstretched arm grasping his sword standing erect and rigid for a brief moment with his head completely severed from his body. This was Lieutenant W. H. Chapman. Some of his faithful comrades, who were captured a few minutes later when the lines were completely broken, tenderly wrapped him in a blanket and buried him under an oak tree near the spot where he fell.

Lieutenant Rufus Marion Crocker

At the very outbreak of the civil war he volunteered in the service of his country, and was elected junior second lieutenant in Co. I, 13th Regiment, S. C. V., commanded by Captain Andrew K. Smith.

Lieutenant Crocker was a brave and gallant officer. We have before us his war diary, which is a valuable document, and gives an interesting account of the movements of the 13th Regiment up to the time of the battle of second jManassas, where he was seriously wounded. He participated in Stonewall Jackson's famous march around Pope's right and rear, a detailed account of which, together with his personal sacrifices, we copy from his diary as follows :

" 1862, August 25th, crossed the Rappahannock and marched towards Manassas; got there 27th and took possession ; lay there that night and burnt the cars and provisions that we could not use nor take along. Next day, 28th, we marched to Centerville, and from there by the Stone Bridge ; met the enemy at railroad cut and fought that evening and lay on the battle-field and re- newed the fight next morning and fought all day until about 3 o'clock in the evening. Captain Smith was killed soon after I was wounded in the left leg, breaking one bone. My regiment lost half their number. I lay in the woods until the 5th of September. I hired conveyance to Warrenton, Va., to a hospital, and was taken down with fever ; lay there until the 20th, and went to Culpepper Court-house and stayed there two nights and went to Gordensville and lay there one night, and went to Richmond ; ist of October started for home ; got home the 4th, and had a severe time with my leg. January 21st, 1863, went to Columbia and caught erysipelas. June went to Columbia. Again August went to Columbia . September 25th started back to my regiment."

Lieutenant Crocker continued to serve his country until the end of the war, when he returned to his home. He met bravely all the battles of this life until his death, which took place some years after the close of the civil war. He lived the life of an honest, industrious and progressive citizen ; was a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, and for thirty years a deacon of the Baptist Church, leading an exemplary Christian life. Soon after he grew up to manhood he married to ]\Iifs Isabel Besaner of Lincoln county, N. C, who survives. By this marriage several children were born, and among this number is Rev. Wm. E- Crocker, a Baptist minister, who is now a missionary in China, and who, though yet familiarly known as "Captain Buck," was born August 25th, 1828, in the present county of Spartanburg, being the son of Barney Bishop, a highly respected citizen, who resided on the waters of Lawson's Fork.

Colonel Bishop descends from a Revolutionary ancestry. His great-grandfather and -mother came from Ireland in the early settlement of the western portion of the Carolina s, and made settlement at or near Lincolnton, N. C. Two of their sons, Edward and William (the latter being the grandfather of the subject of our sketch), removed to the territory afterwards embraced in Spartanburg county, and settled on Standingstone Creek, five miles west of Spartanburg, where they lived and died, after raising large families. Edward settled on what was afterwards known as the Mabry Place, near New Pisgah Church, and William settled on the opposite side of said creek. They were both Revolutionary soldiers.

At the outbreak of the war with Mexico, in 1847, his brother Simpson Bishop enlisted and went to Mexico. After the war, while en route home, he died at Mobile >

Several years before the outbreak of the civil war between the States Colonel Bishop was elected and commissioned captain of the Lawson Fork Volunteers (Red Legs), and from this position he was promoted, by election, to major of the Upper Battalion, 36th Regiment, S. C. M., and after a few years he was elected to the colonelcy of his regiment. This last promotion, however, was after the ordinance of secession was passed by South Carolina, but before hostilities broke out. On the 24th day of December, 1 86 1, he assembled the 36th Regiment at its usual place of rendezvous (Bomar's old field) pursuant to orders from the governor, and urgently called for volunteers for the defense of the State. On this occasion four companies volunteered defense, of one of which Colonel Bishop was elected captain, which entered service January, 1862. Colonel (or Captain^ as he was now called) Bishop remained in command of his company for over a year, and until after it had been transferred to Virginia and had been into Maryland and back to Virginia, when he resigned and came home, where he remained during the severe winter months, when he returned to the front in Virginia. He was wounded twice at the siege of Petersburg: first slightly, the second time it was thought mortally, being shot through his right arm and through the body with a large Minie ball. At the hospital in Richmond he recovered sufficiently to be brought home. He was on his way to the front the third time when he received news of Lee's surrender.

In early life Colonel Bishop connected himself with the Baptist Church, and was made a deacon in the same some years afterwards; and to the present day has led a consistent and exemplary Christian life, is an upright citizen, a good neighbor, a kind husband and an affectionate father. He is to be classed amongst the leading progressive and successful farmers in his native county. On the loth of November, 1847, Colonel Bishop married Miss Polly Brannon, a most estimable and lovable woman, who is also a descendant of Revolutionary ancestry. Her grandfather, Reuben Seay, was wounded at the siege of Yorktown. Fifteen children were born to Colonel Bishop and his wife - nine daughters and six sons.

Captain George Blocker Lake

was born in Edgefield county, S. C, January, 1841. His father, Dr. John Lake, was an eminent physician and zealous Christian. His mother excelled in literary attainments.

At the beginning of the civil war he enlisted in Company C, ist South Carolina (Gregg's) Regiment, and was at Fort Sumter when the first gun of the war was fired. At the end of six months, the time for which it enlisted, young Lake reenlisted for the Confederate service in the ad Regiment, S. C. V., of which he was made sergeantmajor. In the organization of this regiment one company (B) was composed of volunteers from Spartanburg, which was commanded respectively by Captains John Wheeler, Peyton Ballinger, Adolphus J. Foster, Robert G. Fleming and W. Alexander Benson.

Some time toward the end of the war, in the scarcity of officers, young Lake was created a lieutenant in this company, and upon the death of Captain Benson, caused by the explosion of a shell at Petersburg in 1864, he was promoted to the captaincy of the company.

Not long after this occurred one of the most noted events of the war - the mine explosion near Petersburg. Captain Lake and his company were immediately over what now forms the crater. When the mine, charged with 8,000 pounds of powder, was fired Captain Lake and thirty-one of his thirty-four men present were killed. He, with Lieutenant W. J. Lake and Wilson Moore (see sketch), was dug up and rescued by the Federals after two hours. He was then sent to Fort Delaware, where he was kept until the end of the war.

were asleep. I knew i nothing of what had happened until most of the dirt had been taken ( )ff of us. Before I was taken out, however, I came to consciousness, and talked to Lieutenant Lake by my side. When I found that nearly all my men had been killed and the remaining few with myself were prisoners, it was gloomy indeed. We were kept in the crater for a considerable time exposed to shells from our own batteries. These shells made terrible havoc with the Federal troops who had charged through the break, but after being driven back stopped in the crater for protection.

"I was in some of the hardest fought battles of the Confederate war, was for two weeks in Fort Sumter, where all the Federal iron-clads would steam up to within 800 or 1,000 yards of the fort, and they and the land batteries on Morris Island would hurl shell and shot by the ton, but I have never seen anything to equal the horror of the crater."

liome in Edgefield, and his valued service in that county since the war can be better appreciated by the perusal of the following letter, which the writer received from General M. C. Butter, of which the following is a correct copy :

"My Dear Sir: - I want to add a word to the sketch I understand you are preparing of my old friend Captain Geo. B. Lake of Edgefield. I presume you have a pretty full history of his services in the Confederate army, where his conspicuous gallantry attracted a great deal of attention, and received the encomiums of his superior officers.

" After the cessation of hostilities he returned to his home in Edgefield county, and, with the rest of us, took the responsibilities of citizenship in the trying days of reconstruction. He bore his share of those responsibilities with courage and patriotism, and never faltered in the line of his duty to his State any more than he did in his career as a soldier. In the exciting times of 1874 he organized. a rifle company at Edgefield, and was always on hand on occasions of excitement and peril at the head of his company. The fact that Captain Lake was at the head of a military company in that community gave confidence and assurance of public order among abiding people, and was notice to the lawless that if they disturbed the peace they did so at their own peril. They knew that Lake, although an unassuming citizen, would shoot to kill if an occasion should make it necessary.

"In brief, throughout the entire reconstruction period and since Lake has been true to his colors. He never struck them before radical reconstruction or in later days before sham "reform" or hypocritical demagogism. Poverty could not cow him, nor could bluster or threats intimidate him.

Captain Lake and his family are now residents of Lexington, Ky. Wliile he remained in the State, however, he was a member of the S. C. Division, U. C. V., with the rank of lieutenant-coloneh whom we have already noticed in connection with the sketch of Captain Geo. B. Lake as one of the survivors of the mine explosion at Petersburg, was a native of Newberry, S. C, and was born about the year 1832. He volunteered in the service of his country when about twenty-eight years of age, and was elected first lieutenant of Co. D, 13th Regiment, S. C. V., afterwards joining Co. C, 23d Regiment, S. C. V., where he remained until he was elected lieutenant in Co. B, 22d Regiment, S. C. V. He remained with this company until he was wounded in the crater disaster at Petersburg in July, 1864.'^ He was then so disabled that he was compelled to retire, and bore till his death the suffering consequent upon the fracture of the hip caused by the mine disaster and sciatica superinduced by the same. C)ut of thirtysix men there were only five of his men that survived this disaster, only two of whom are now living : Captain George B. Lake and Wilson H. Moore. (See sketches.)

Lieutenant Lake was rescued from the crater at Petersburg after several hours of intense suffering, having been completely covered up by timbers and earth. Who can imagine the agony he must have suffered in such a living grave with a broken hip?

* For the particulars of this mine explosion and the casualties sustained by Co. B, 22d South Carolina Regiment, the reader is referred to the sketches of Captain Geo. B. Lake and Wilson H. Moore.

Florida, where he had gone in quest of a more agreeable climate. His remains were brought back to his native State and buried in her sacred soil, Rosemount Cemetery, Newberry. This was eminently proper, from the fact of his having served her so faithfully and gallantly and having suffered more for her sake than rarely ever falls to the lot of a soldier.

No man in South Carolina stood higher in the estimation of his fellow citizens than William J. Lake. He was an honest and upright citizen, a consistent Christian and a member of the Methodist Church. He was well-read and well-informed on all matters pertaining to the public interest. "He was of gentle manners, kind and affable, and especially affectionate in his family. He died as he lived, true to his State, a noble Confederate to the last, and, above all, had his life embellished with the Christian virtues and graces."

Captain James Fowler Sloan

was born in Laurens county, S. C, August, 1819, being at this writing (August, 1900) eighty-one years of age. His educational advantages were limited, but he was an apt student and by the time he had reached the age of manhood he had acquired a good, practical education, and by dint of hard study mastered the theory of the system of surveying and learned the use of instruments from John Epton, Esq. Captain Sloan came to Spartanburg county in 1843 ^^^ settled near Rich Hill, where he now resides. Some time after this he was elected captain of a militia company which formed a part of the 37th Regiment, S. C. M., in which capacity and that of adjutant of said regiment he served until the outbreak of the civil war between the States.

Upon the approach of hostilities between the States he was elected second lieutenant of the Batesville Volunteers (Captain John J. Brown), which company volunteered as mimtte men., and upon receiving the news of the bombardment of Fort Sumter, entered the service

When, however, in 1861, the Confederate government had called for troops. Captain Sloan raised a company of 80 odd men, which eventually reached 115, and was elected its captain, which was known as Co. B, Holcombe Legion.*

In 1862 when the army was reorganized in Virginia this company revolunteered, reelecting Captain Sloan as its commander. For being the best drilled and disciplined company in the Holcombe Legion, it received the first distribution of Enfield Rifles, which the survivors carried to the end of the war.

After his resignation Lieutenant Alfred B. Bryant became (January, 1863) captain of the company, who served until March 25th, 1865, when he was killed near pVrt Steadman, Va. He was succeeded on the same date by Lieutenant E. Henry Bates, who was promoted captain by General W. H. Wallace.

As soon, however, as he had recovered, he reentered the service, and became adjutant of Major Joel Ballinger's Battalion of State (S. C.) Reserves, which formed a part of Blanchard's brigade, and which performed during the last days of the Confederacy distinguished and fatiofuin^ service, confronting: the armv of General Sherman, marching four or five hundred miles, and being among the last to yield in that great struggle for Southern liberty. In this famous march Captain Sloan per-

Captain Sloan has always lived the life of a farmer. He has never aspired to politics or public life, except that he held for sixteen years or more the ofhce of a civil magistrate. He has always been an honest and upright citizen and a staunch Democrat. He is a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church, and is held in higli esteem by all whose pleasure it is to know him.

Captain Thomas Booker Martin

was born near the town of Fair Forest, S. C. (which is near his present home), May 25th, 1833. His father was John P. Martin, who, with a twin brother Thomas, was brought from Virginia to Spartanburg district, S. C, by their grandmother High (wife of Wm. High, the ancestor of all the families of this name in Spartanburg county), their mother having died while they were infants.

The mother of Captain T. B. Martin was a daughter of Edward Bomar, and being a woman of great piety made early religious impressions on the mind of her son.

Thomas B. Martin was raised on his father's farm, and attended the schools of his neighborhood. As he grew up to manhood, he learned the cabinet trade under his father and George Brem ; he also learned housepainting, which he followed until some time after the civil war. He has always farmed and run public cottonginning and saw-milling.

In October, 1854, he married Miss N. A. Finch, daughter of John S. Finch. They have raised nine children, three boys and six girls. Soon after their marriage Captain Martin and his wife joined the Oak Grove (Baptist) church. All their children are members of the church of the same denomination. Captain IVIartin has been a deacon in his church for upwards of thirty years.

In 1861 Captain Martin volunteered in the service of his country, and was made orderly sergeant of Captain W. P. Bishop's company, which joined the Holcombe Legion under Colonel P. F. Stephens. This regiment remained about Adams Run, S. C, until August of the same year, when it was ordered to Virginia, and imme- diately entered into almost daily fighting until the second Manassas battle came off. Here the brother of Captain Martin, J. W. Martin, was mortally wounded and died in a few days afterwards.

Captain Martin having been detained at Adams Run, S. C, on account of typhoid fever did not return to his command until its return from the Maryland campaign. After this the commissioned officers of his company re-

In 1863 the Legion was ordered to the Western armyr then under the command of General Joseph E. Johnston. Meeting General Grant's army at Big Black River, General Johnston's army fell back to Jackson, Miss., where it was besieged for seven days and nights under a continual fire, suffering terribly from exposure, lack of rations and water. The army was safely conducted out in night time. The command returned to Georgia and remained there for a time and then was again ordered to Virginia, reaching Weldon, N. C, May 7th, 1864, from which place companies were sent out along the railroad leading to Petersburg to guard railroad bridges, a portion of companies I and K of the Holcombe Legion being sent to Stony Creek Station, Va., under the command of Major Zeigler to guard the bridge there. They had not been there long before their force and number were betrayed, and they were surrounded and captured by a large force of Federals, Captain Martin being among the number captured.

Captain Martin has published a graphic account of his life in a Northern prison (see Spartan files, March 22d, 1893). After his capture at Stoney Creek Station he, with the other captured prisoners, was marched nearly all night to City Point on the James River. Here, after being guarded for a time by negro troops, the prisoners were packed in a steamboat and conveyed to Fortress Monroe, where they were landed and securely locked up for one night. From Fortress Monroe they were conveyed to Point Lookout, where they were searched. Captain Martin, being near the middle of the line, managed to conceal a gold watch and pistol by sitting flat on the ground and burying the same in a hole made therein until the searcher passed. The officers and privates were separated by a plaiik fence and were ordered not to communicate with each other. It was nevertheless done by writing on paper, tying to a rock, and at night when the back of the nearest guard was turned the written communication would be thrown over the fence. In this way the prisoners would get fresh news from home and the army by the arrival of new prisoners. After five or six weeks at Point Lookout Captain Martin and other officers were sent to Fort Delaware. He was again searched, but saved his gold watch by fastening the chain to his drawers' button.

The latter part of July or early in August of the same year five hundred officers, including Captain Martin, were drawn and sent to Charleston, S. C They were packed almost to suffocation in an old sea-going vessel called the Crescent. The poor prisoners, suffering from seasickness and vomiting, could scarcely find room to stand or lie. The weather was very hot, and they could scarcely get any fresh air, as there was only one opening or hatchway to the lower deck. The supply of water gave out on the way, and afterwards evaporated seawater was furnished sparingly. The prisoners were so eager for it that they would fill their canteens with it while it was yet hot, and those who had strings or could procure strips of cloth, would tie the same around the necks of their canteens and throw them out through pigeon-holes to float along the water and cool. As the men were famishing for water it was hardly ever allowed to get cooler than blood-heat.

After days and nights, which seemed weeks to the prisoners, they were landed on Morris Island, S. C, and marched to a stockade fort between Batteries Gregg and Wagner. Here in small army tents they were fed on cooked rations. Their evening meal consisted of a scrap of bacon and a pint of mush made of spoiled corn-meal, which was himpy, sour and wormy. One evening Captain Martin counted in the portion of mush set apart to him 365 worms, some of them being woolly, and fourteen bugs. He says that he could have counted more, but thought he could not afford to lose more of one meal, upon which, no doubt in his perishing condition, his life depended. He ravenously devoured the balance. The supply of water was from holes made in the sand on the island, which was salty and unpalatable. After about six weeks' imprisonment in the stockade fort, in which some of the prisoners died, the remaining ones were conveyed to Fort Pulaski - an old, battered, deserted, leaky fort at the mouth of the Savannah River - there to winter, perish and freeze, as many did. The weather was cold, which increased their suffering. Colonel Brown, in charge of the Federal garrison and guard at that place, informed the prisoners that he had orders not to give them a bite of meat for forty days, which order was nearly carried out. The citizens had abandoned the island, and the cats which had been left by them would go about the fort at night in search of something to eat. Occasionally one would venture in, and the door would be closed upon it immediately, and then a scramble for the cat would follow. Soon he would be captured and killed and dressed and in the pot or fryingpan to be devoured by the mess that caught him. The prisoners on another island reported that their only chance for meat was dogs, and they ate several of them. A small amount of fuel was allowed for cooking purposes only, and as they did but little of that they received but little warmth. Many of the prisoners were at all times prostrated with colds, pneumonia, and every disease which exposure and confinement subjected them to. Captain Martin was prostrated for days and nights with

After spending a part of the winter at this place he and the other prisoners were sent back to Fort Delaware. His health was so bad at that time that he does not remember leaving, nor anything of the voyage. His most intimate friends failed to recognize him on his arrival at that prison. In course of time, however, he regained his health and strength, and, becoming more reconciled to his surroundings, went to work making jewelry, such as finger-rings, breast-pins, watch chains, charms, etc., from sticks of gutta-percha purchased from Yankee sutlers. He was kept in prison until July i6th, 1865. After a circuitous journey of some weeks, via New York City, he landed safely home, in the embrace of loved ones who had mourned him as dead, six months having elapsed since he had last been heard from.

Hon. John A. Henneman

was born in Kranach, Bavaria, Germany, on February 3d, 1835. His father having died he turned his eyes to America as the country of his future habitation. He had a cousin, Balser Weber, residing in Center county. Pa., and the young lad first betook himself thither to his relative. This was in 1854, when he was only nineteen years of age. Later he located in Norfolk, Va., in the late fifties, working at the jeweler's bench, his chosen occupation. Here he met, for the first time. Miss Louisa Rate, an estimable English lady, who was destined to become his future wife. Determining to start out in business for himself, he heard through a commercial traveler of a possible opening at Spartanburg, S. C, to which place he went in 1859. Being pleased with the town and what appeared to be its future outlook, he returned to Norfolk for his wife, to whom he was mar- ried in the Granby Street Methodist church, in that city, September, i860, and henceforth, as residents of Spartanburg, their lives were identified with town, county and State.

It was but a few months, however, after their marriage and location in Spartanburg when the civil war between the States broke out. Although not a naturalized citizen, Mr. Heuneman volunteered his services to the Confederate goverument at the beginning of active second lieutenant in Co. E , H o 1 c o m b e Legion (Colonel P. F. Stevens), commanded first by Captain Wm. P. Roebuck, and later by Captain Andrew B. Woodruff. As an officer of this organization, he was always found in the thickest of the fights in which his regiment was engaged. At the second Manassas battle his arm was shot to pieces, which necessitated his retirement for a time. He was sent to the hospital at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville - a circumstance in which his son. Professor J. B. Henneman, became interested as a student there years later.

Upon his partial recovery from his wound, his arm being yet too frail for infantry service, he resigned his commission as lieutenant in the Holcombe Legion and enlisted in the cavalry branch of the service, where he remained until the end of the war. In one of the campaigns on the coast of South Carolina he was a second

"After the hard years of fighting and hardship he was among the golden-hearted band of ragged men who, with a courage no less dauntless and a fortitude no less enduring than they evinced on the battle-field, returned to their impoverished and ruined homes manfully to take up the burdens of defeat and oppression and create a new South from the ashes of the old one. He entered the jewelry business, in which he was an expert, and by years of strict attention and honest toil, made his house one of the leading firms of the up-country. His efforts were not without their reward ; for he had won, in addition to his good name, an independent fortune, which made itself manifest in the unexampled prosperity of the city."

Mr. Henneman was a man of unusual brain-power and strength of mind and will, and as such, made a strong impression on all those with whom he came in contact.

In 1889 he was nominated by a number of his fellow citizens for mayor of Spartanburg city, and notwithstanding the fact that he made the race against one of the most popular men who ever held that office in that city, he was elected by a handsome majority. It was whilst attempting nobly to fulfill the duty enjoined upon him by the high office which he filled, that he met his untimely death. Walking the streets of his city his attention was called to a wife-beater - a negro brakeman. Commanding the peace and calling for a policeman, he was shot in the back and killed by the assassin, who was tried, convicted and suffered the penalty of death on the scaffold.

in the conscientious discharo^e of his duty, which proved again his sterling qualities of bravery and regard for the law. An infuriated mob, stirred to frenzy by crimes of atrocity, dragged a loaded cannon into the street in front of the jail for the purpose, by open violence, of battering down and taking the life of a prisoner incarcerated therein. By cool and fearless forethought Mayor Henneman walked into their midst, commanded the peace and mounting the cannon spiked it with a 20- penny nail, thus rendering it harmless.

His election as mayor was the beginning of the modern development of Spartanburg, giving the town an honest and progressive administration. Everywhere, during the same, was shown that equity, judgment and careful thought which portrayed unusual executive ability. In the midst of a bitter campaign he guaranteed to a noted politician in South Carolina an orderly hearing in Spartanburg.

In other walks of life Mr. Henneman won distinction. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, and as such, was well known throughout the State. He was for a number of years the Worshipful Master of the Spartan Lodge, and was also a member of the Knights of Honor and other orders, in all of which he was highly esteemed.

By his marriage with Miss Louisa Rate he had children as follows : Rutledge, who has been in the jewelry business in South Carolina, New York and Virginia ; John Bell, Professor of English Literature at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville ; George, who volunteered for the Cuban war and was captain of a company in the loth Volunteers; Martha, who is at present in New York City ; and Louise, wife of Dr. L. J. Blake.

Hon. Arch B. Calvert

present mayor of Spartanburg, son of W. W. and Martha (Leonard) Calvert of Reidsville, S. C, was born May 31st, 1857. He attended the Male Academy at Reidville, and entered Wofford College October,

From 1882 to '84 he served as^a trial justice in the city of Spartanburg. He was electected mayor in October, 1893, and is now serving his fourth term. He has also served as United States Commissioner since 1884.

Spartanburg is largely due to the splendid business management and executive ability of Mayor Calvert. He is the right man in the right place and takes a pride in every modern improvement looking to the future greatness and importance of the city over which he has the honor to preside, and which is soon destined to be one of the chief inland cities of the southeast.

Dr. J. T. Calvert (dentist), at Spartanburg, is the only brother of Mayor Calvert. He has two sisters, Mrs. O. P. Morgan, Spartanburg, and Mrs. Spencer, wife of A. M. Spencer, president of Clinton Presbyterian College.

Joseph Simpson Amos

was born September 3d, 1849, ^^ Cherokee Creek, near Gaffney, S. C. His father, Charles Amos, born June i, 1790, descended from Revolutionary ancestry, who emigrated from Virginia to South Carolina and made settlement on Thickety Creek, Cherokee county, obtaining title to a large body of land. He served as a soldier of the war of 181 2. After this he did business for Michael Gaffney, at Gaffney 's old field (now Gaffney City), for several years, and built the first mercantile house in that place. After this he was employed as manager for the Cowpens Iron Furnace Company, which business he continued for twenty-five years. He was married twice. First to a daughter of Rev. Joshua Richards, a Revolutionary soldier. By this marriage he had five sons, viz. : Franklin, Ross, Benjamin F., Rufus and James, who were gallant soldiers in the Confederate army. Franklin, the eldest, was a soldier in the Mexican war and served as commissary agent for the Confederate army. Ross was killed at the battle of Seven Pines. Benjamin F., member of the 5th S. C. Regiment, died in the service. Rufus, of a Georgia regiment, promoted to captain, was also killed at the battle of Seven Pines, and James, member of Captain Cleary's company, i3tli Regiment, S. C. V., was killed at mine explosion at Petersburg (1864).

Charles Amos married a second time to Mary McElreath, whose ancestors were among the original settlers of Scotch-Irish on the Tygers. By this marriage two sons and several daughters were born. The sons referred to are Charles ]\I. and Joseph S. Amos. The former was a gallant soldier in the Confederate army and was severely wounded. The latter, when only fifteen years of age, enlisted in Captain Cleary's company and was drilled for the army, but the war ended before he

The war thus ending adversely to the South, he, like thousands of others, found himself with nothing to depend upon but his honest industry and perseverance ; and his remarkable success as a business man should serve as an incentive and inspiration to the rising generations of our country, not only to imitate, but to emulate the pluck, energy, judgment and management which he has displayed as a successful business man.

Mr. Amos at present resides in the city of Spartanburg, and was for four years a member of the city council at a time when a new era dawned upon her business prosperity. As a member of the street committee he rendered valuable service in straightening the streets and in beautifying the city, which service he rendered without remuneration. As a progressive citizen of Spartanburg, he is fully alive to every interest that concerns her welfare.

In 1876 he married Miss Mary Gramling, a congenial companion. They have eight children, viz.: Ella, Sallie, Fannie, Joseph, Grace, Charles, Frank and John Edwin.