Farmers' Gazette, and Cheraw Advertiser, 1839-11-29

jriierc'ru kv?''mm. i d sit no more pinn't'i | tnnn the planter is always nltle to kcef clear of grass?to?ee at least one half o the cotton lauds resting every year, and cn? oure provided for tho Oirn A to!her cause nf our wujnt of success it in ill-- employment of overseers. I do no wish to be understood n? sannj n wor> h gainst .hat in lustrous and useful class o men. hut what i do mean is. tiiat no piaiit'i can be entirely successful who places I:>c whole management of his estate in the handi of another. I wil1 slate tie overseer system, siniplj and plain v. Admit that a planter employ! a good over-er, who conducts Ins busnj-ss generally, well enough, (clways denying iiowever, that tlies overseer can conduct it , tteller than the employer, if ho has any goo?l habits ol business.) Under such an over; seer, the plantation may be put and kep! ir ! good condition, but the usual result is thai the overseer d> m.mds an inereuse of wagei lut th" rxpuation of each year, until al length the employer will give hnn no more and h" seeks employment elsewhere. Th? planter gels nno'tier?a bad ono?the chan f't are against him. foi (inditleR'Hl or b:n overseers are more numerous than goo< ones ) The plantation becomes unprofitable under his manogcinen'? ho in turn is re placed by unother, and after a course o years, under good, indifferent, and bud ovt r seers, ilit; owner ubaudons a fine climate , and perhaps a fruitful soil, in the vain hopt of finding elsewhere .1 country where hi labors will he rewurd?*d ; but vain will In his hopO'i if ho continues always to triss entirely to another, what ho ought in grea part to do himself. I is a great but 100 common error of 1110s persons to suppose that any fool cun mak( a good planter. Parents have often heei heard to sny?"I will give my son a plaii English Education?enough for a planter.' tiive hnn enough for n lawyer?a phy?i cian?a divine?acquaint hnn, if you cat with all arts and studies," and he will make I assure yon, no worse planter for his b arn ing. The prevailing error that edueuMn is not necessary to the planter is a gr"a ! cause of failure among ?hat class of men i I am aware of no oursuit that renuires mun

* r * * I in.it er^, Miitf iTticrtnr?l!y achcved by the due | : ' I nn t coir limed iipphca'ion of bom* and sinew. There evidently is no fanry in the; nflinr to I , j till; ill.in who holds the handles ?n<f guides ^ i ?f>? There* is however, ample room ( ^ for tho cx'tcni; of much practical good j sooso in policing out the boi?t (l| ' j. brooding, raiding, breaking nod working 1 farming horses to the best advantage. Tin* I ( profits of Hgncoiiur.tl operation generally ( ' ure modi rate, and managed as li?*v are in many ins auces loss is iiirnrrod. Most < * breeders of animals, it is apprehended, n*. ceivo i*ui a very inadequate cornpciisut on for their time and attention and money ex. ponded. It ought not to be. and th.it it is does not result necessarily, but from the j \sant of proper earn and judgment in breed* i j ing and raising. They follow vvlmt has j | be> n.not inaptly railed ho imp.hazard mode, : I) j | 9 ( ^ - |? M ? \ 19 i uV iiSiV *# u iv iiiiiii; v?i iifiy ^vlt i , of u nude wihout regard to qualities ; and ! in raising tney nie so stinted and s'urvedns ' to warp and destioy whu'ever hu'.o of good ' form and rons'itulion, they nn?y h ive acei- i tleiiuy brought into tlio world with them. J f These seem to art without obj'*ci, uxrept. j that they know a horse is u horse and a j | steer a st' er, and that d iho roit was got for , 9 a barrel of corn and the calf gratis, '.hut thev I) * j 1 have saved their inon< y. (, Tilt; business of breeding nnimals, in mo* ' ilern um* s, is s.i d to be science. It I.as 0 not been, liowev r, and probably never will t u be reduced toexue'ness. ' if.uue nature" ] in her operations delights to display endless Vririt'llfN Hilt rprl:iin>i?lo? l?*?i... I

ion of D oir.c.i m.J Sir Arci.y blood, buin^* noil very m.ch 44 in and in." The thorough brod iiorsc, Btrnding cvi* K.'iitly and acI;aowie?ig?d|y in the fir>t rank. In* rule for breeding and ruling h'tn being 4considered and freely uuikrstooJ," a vni :'"ty suited to a particular purpose is lo b'j ?rodue<d by considering liie Ipfopcrtiosjy vuuicd, und iltu families and individual^ "rom which such properties arc most likely i) be inherited. Were the thorough breeds otially numerous, nnd bred and ra sed ut he same or nearly the same co?t, I would .ay without li*'si;ut:on, nnd so would every no who understands his interest, jet the borough breds to work. Eclipse, or lint< r, or Tranhy, or Mingo, or Job, if put to t m their prime, would Lave dor.c more auiU than any inferior bred horses ofhbeir iixe. In June or July, blood will telf as promptly in the corn fluid as on tho race . oiiise. Mv best breds always tlicn tuLo lead. Hut thu above, and such us the above* iii? not n credible to farmers generally.? ^ I h- price mmi i... What it.en is to bo done? In this glorious land ol ltuc??jr? every one, who has the means, does as bo pleases, and 1 only w ish 1 can scarcely hopi', h.v some individuals or companies or ;it* ieutlural societies would import a bay Tmk, a b .y Barb and u Cleuvelund buy, und bay dray, or draught horse. The Cleveland buys arc said to tic almost uniformly of bay color and universally gentle in harness. 1 liuve seen a few matches from the north, apparently half breds. excellent in harness, of the dcsiri d size and shape. Draught hors ?, perhaps cquul to any, might be had in Virginia or Pennsylvania. 'i lie s'ock should all be selec cd by a com. potent ju tgo of lior.se fl -sh, and tho two coarser kinds should be chosen not only

. - ? ' ?*? " ' ' "? " , down by the obset vance of which we may ' re ?n-?t?ly expect to approximate ci-rtauitv. LiUf begets like" is the leading rule. It not utily basils exceptions, but it must b?: I w understood with limitation. Select a horse 1 i nnd n mare, such as you ?nn?, or .is near ? ns you ran find, the produce of their eon. . junction may resemble the sire, or tli?% dam, or net.her ; hut it may have un inter- ! ,, mediate form, or may take after some re- | I mote aurcs'or ; and if the remote ancestors ! |s were indifferent, or positively bad, the; t| changes will b" again*: the rub*, in propur. j lion 'otlic number of wo:thy pmgcni:6rs. I It should be enjoined on beginners, therelore, ' 1st, To s b et good animals to start upon, >r where no bolter evidence cuu he fiad : *2udly, j Hut where it can. to select litem from gooil families. In Knglund, where more a tontioa lias h> eii p-od to the breeding and rearlog tie* lib?od horse, than in tiny other eoun" irv. ili? v t ave .arnved at extraordinary 10 f.iid | ower and endurance ; niul it has been * tlor.oby combining the Arab, B.irband Tin k, , sc and developing the bone and muscle of P* t'te new race by generous feed and jtldicous * ro exrrcse. There no one thinks ol breeding I a" a rue- r from n maie who bus not at h ast j " five pure crosses. And many of their mosi , ut distinguished marcs can number double the " nmount. 1 mding on n royal, or n le r Arab. 1 i in t,r H lib mure. There is somethi.ig in ' the blood, that gives family distinction, j >r- though the blood may not tell in particular I t' individuals, either from mismanagement oi 1 ho accident, or from some delect in constitution j

ding the con ribu ions of the earth, tin; for | est and flic sen, of agriculture nn l in inufictii es. Thus we K''e that t .c single sirti. cle ot cot.on alum*, raised exclusively in a Reel ion of eountrv con mning less tlinu n third of .he population, constitutes in value miiro than two thirds of the exports of the done stu: produce of the Ui.U'd Stuics. 'I'll the support of lt|U which, under a fortunate conibinutiou of circumstances, we have obtained | :im the cultivators of Cotton wo lire mainly to look not only for individual prosperity but for the permanence of our commercial und politicul importance, and this preeminence is to be preserved not so much from our local advantages, as from it perseverance in that enterpnse,industry and skill which have placed the competition of oilier regions, not less favored by climate M a distance, atid kiven ; to us the command of the markets of the ' world. From the Southern Agriculturist. ON TIIS CAUSES OF IMMIGRATION. i Mr. Kditor,?Of the causes which have produced dissntisfuct on with our own State, i and driven so many of our planters from us, to seek their lorunies elsewhere, two nave contributed more tintn any others to that result, and lor the present I will confine myself to those two. I mean plautiiig ( largely to the hand, and the employment of overseers. I was somewhat surprised to find in a late number ot tho "Agriculturist" t >at a wnter, under the title id Immigration, would prevent the evil by the very mcius, which I u ill . r>ili>:iuiir to (illf.ll'- Will llivurinl.lv f.r.>

~ " O ?? ridges should bo eflectually ploughed^ out, j mid 111(5 fresh earth thrown lightly nround j lli? lower part of tlio cotton stalks. livery j subsequent ploughing thould be performed J hi tlio sumo manner, with an increasing par- j ncularity us tho plants increase in siz** and approacli maturity, nut 10 run deep und near, I*'Mi by so doing, tie- lateral root* which are thrown out in search of food, should be injured, and tho circulation of thf ;^ap too much checked. Ploughs of various models arc used in dlccting tho same results, { hut it is deemed unnecessary to enter into , a description of them or a description of their r< laltvo aduptuiiou to the objects inlende I. livery planter in the selection of ploughs will of course bo governed by his own observation. The cotton crop should ho worke I at in? tcrvals of not more than thice weeks from the coininencement to (tie termination oft is cultivation, nnd success depends not It ss upon (lie judicious end skilful management ul the hoc than of tho plough. There is howover much greater uniformity in tho method of using this implement, and it may be remarked, in general, taut where tho sod is mellow und in good condition, it is sufficient to remove tho grass where the plough cannot reach it nnd to draw a I ttle fresh earth to the plants wth (lie hoe where the beds arc hard; us province in addition, is to loosen the surface. With a viuw to the increase of prod tic. I.VPllftg m int; nl:mtt>rii urn in tli.* I11U t

with large detached windpipes ; lia fjuarters before and behind with plenty of muscle ; large bodies with large ribs, and the short l ibs eloso to the hips ; sanding even m.d rather w'de on legs abounding ia hone mid sinew, and terminated by tough hi ick hoofs. A white pastern and iu of is ahout ns liable to disease ns those of hlttc^c or dark c1 csnnt colour. Tlio Stallion? should he of nmilur shape, hut more coarseness is tolerable in thein, particularly about the n?-ck. Ti e mures ahovu described of SI 5 1-2 hur.ds hi^h or upwards should be put to the Barh and Turk, those under,to the Clenvelund hay. Those three crossn in the general would produce stock oi suffictei t size. Tlit? bes' of the colts shou'J Iu? kept fur s'nllions. When a filly was tieficient in siz ? she shoulJ he put to the dray horse. The crossing and the result of race cross should he regularly record, d. If of vety dofcc'ive f>rin slio should not be prrmitted to breed, or b?? put to a Jack. If the inu'e inlicriied the defect, it won! I rot l?t perpetuated; And all the blind fillies, and ihits" having defective eyes, should be put to a Jack, for a blind mule would be a curios: y. A colt thus bred might be Kept ns I a eovrrerii! about $10 the price of the sea* I "son of one mare. And where the blood j of the dray at 67,50 or perhaps 80, which ! should he the mm nunn prior. Am I asked I ivlil' lino nvi onou /?T ? ?v .?? ? IJ .. ?t -