Boston City (part 41 of 67)

20. John Joyliffe, long in office here, married, in 1657, Anne, widow of Robert Knight, as she had been of Thomas Cromwell ; had an only daughter, Hannah, who probably died unmarried. This Cromwell was a reformed free-booter, who settled in Boston, where be made his peace with the Church, and died in 1649.^ His widow, by her second husband (Knight), had an only child, - Martha, wife of Jarvis Ballard. Cromwell's only daughter and heiress, Elizabeth, married first Richard Price, and secondly Isaac Vickers, or Vickery. By each husband she had children, - Elizabeth Price, wife of Joseph Lobdell; Anna Vickers, wife of Benjamin Loring; and Rebecca Vickers, wife of Samuel Binney.

21. William Gerrish belongs rather to Essex County, though he lived in Boston, and married, in 1645, Joanna, widow of John Oliver. His son John was of Dover, and another son (Joseph) was minister at Wenham; but grandsons returned to Boston, and kept the name alive here.

22. Tobias Payne, of Fownhopc, co. Hereford, was a merchant in Hamburg, later in Barbados, and came to Boston in 1666. He married Sarah (Winslow), widow of Captain Miles Standish,^ by whom he had an only child, William. His widow married Richard Middlecott. William Payne married Mary, daughter of James Taylor, in 1694. The family became extinct here in 1834.'

23. Richard Middlecott had four children by this wife, - Mary, wife of Henry Gibbs, of Barbados ; Sarah, wife of Lewis Boucher ; Jane, wife of Elisha Cooke ; and Edward, who settled in England.

24. Hezekiah Usher, merchant, married, for a second wife, Elizabeth Symtnes, and, for a third, Mary ( Alford) Butler. He had two sons and two daughters, of whom Rebecca married Abraham Browne, and Sarah married Jonathan Tyng. His son Hezekiah, Jr., married Bridget, widow of Leonard Hoar, daughter of John Lisle, the regicide. They had no children. John, the other son, married Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Lidgett, and had Elizabeth, wife of David Jeffries. His second wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Allen, the proprietor of New Hampshire, by whom he had issue, still represented in Rhode Island. John Usher fills a large space in our annals ; and his wealth is evidenced by the fine house he built at Medford.^

25. David Jeffries, from Rhoad, co. Wilts, came here in 1677. By his wife Elizabeth (Usher) he had sons, John and David, of whom John was town treasurer for many years. The family is still represented in Boston, - being one of the few which have continued through all the changes of two centuries.*

26. Peter Lidgett, freeman, 1673, - a mcr<;hant, and partner of John Hull, - married Elizabeth Scammon, and had, besides Elizabeth, wife of John Usher, a son, Charles, who died at London in 1698. This Charles married Mary, daughter of John Hester, of London, whose wife was probably a daughter of Robert Sedgwick, as Mrs. Lidgett was a great-niece of Madam Leverett. Peter's widow married John Safiin.

27. John Safiin, speaker, councillor, and judge, married first Martha, daughter of Captain Thomas Willett, of Plymouth ; secondly, the widow Lidgett; and tliirdly Rebecca, daughter of Rev. Samuel Lee. He left no issue at his death in 17 10.

28. Captain Thomas Ruck, or Rock, married Margaret Clark in 1656, and had several children, one of them being Peter, - H. C. 1685. Savage notes the difiiculty of distinguishing them from the Salem family of the name.

29. William Whittingham, of Boston, was the son of JohnWhittingham, of Ipswich, grandson of Dean Whittingham, of Durham. His mother was Martha, daughter of William Hubbard, sister of the historian. William Whittingham married Mary, daughter of John Lawrence, and left issue.

30. Henry Shrimpton, a brazier of London, came here by 1639,* with wife Elinor, and had a second wife Mary, - widow, first, of Captain Thomas Hawkins, and, secondly, of Captain Robert Fenn. His son Samuel, a councillor, married Elizabeth, daughter of widow Elizabeth Roberts, of London,

Reg. xxiii. 410^ reprinted as a pamphlet. Heze- the Heraldic Journal, ii. 166. - Ed.] kiah Usher lived on the north side of State * [And bought, in 1646^ a house and garden and left issue, hereafter to be noted. Henry had a nephew, Jonathan, of Boston, son of Edward S., of Bcdnall Green, who married Mary, daughter of Peter Oliver, and had several children, of whom Sarah married John Clarke.

Simeon Stoddard

31. Anthony Stoddard, Recorder of Boston, and for nineteen years consecutively chosen a representative, had four wives.^ His first was Mary l)ownin^^ niece of Ciovcrnor Winlhrop; his jjn ^ i / / j

> [TTc is called a linen-draper when .idmitted Exchange streets, and one on the east side of a freeman in 1639. lie owned two houses and Washington Street, between State Street and gardens, one on the lower corner of State and Adams Square. - Ed.]

The Memorial History Ok Boston

married Captain Samuel Turell, and Christian married Nathaniel Pierce. Of his sons, Solomon was minister at Northampton; Samson lived at Boston, and had a son Samson, 1 1. C. 1701 ; and Simeon was of note as a councillor. This last married secondly Elizabeth, widow of Colonel Samuel Shrimp- ton, and thirdly Mchitablc, daughter of James Minot, widow successively of Thomas Cooper and Peter Sargeant. The family still flourishes, though not in Boston. 2 him : ** M r. Slirimpton has a very stately bouse, with a brass kettle atop, to show his father was not ashamed of his original." Dutilon^s Letttrs^ p. 68. A Shrimpton |>cdigree is given in Sumner's East Boston, p. 254. See also the Gatealogy of the Sumner Fumiiy. - Kn.]

Boston Families Frior To Ad

Edmund Shcaffc. His widow married Rev. Thomas Thatcher; and, of his daughters, Elizabeth was wife of Robert Gibbs, and secondly of Jonathan Curwin; and Mehit.ible married Sampson Sheaffe. This Sampson was son of an Edmund Sheaffe, of Cranbrook .and Boston, - brother or cousin of Jacob, who married IClizabcth, daughter of Sampson Cotton, of London. Sampson Sheaffe went to New Hampshire, where he was councillor and judge, but died in Boston in 1724. VOL. I. 74.

34. Robert Gibbs, of a good family in Warwickshire, was a noted merchant here by 1640.' Early historians say that his fine house on Fort Hill cost some three thousand pounds. He married Elizabeth Sheaffe, and had sons, - Rev. Henry, of Watertown, and Robert, who married Mary Shrimpton. The name continued till recently in Middlesex County.

35. Simon Lynde, often mentioned in our annals, married Hannah, daughter of John Newgate, or Newdigate. One of his daughters married George Pordage, and another a cousin Newgate. His son, Benjamin Lynde, - H. C. 1686, - studied law in London, and married, in 1699, Mary, daughter of William Browne, of Salem. There he settled, was Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court, and had a son, Benjamin, who reached the same dignity. Nathaniel, another son of Simon, went to Connecticut, and married a daughter of Deputy-Governor Francis Willoughby.

36. Edward Lyde, of Boston, married, in 1660, Mary, daughter of Rev. John Wheelwright, and had Edward, who married Susanna Curwcn, and secondly Deborah, daughter of Nathaniel Byficld.*^ This Colonel By6eld, who came here in 1674, was the son of Rev. Richard Byficld a famous Puritan, married Deborah, daughter of Captain Thomas Clark, and had an only daughter, as above.

37. Dr. John Clarke (1673) married Martha Whittingham, and had Elizabeth, wife of Richard Hubbard, and then of Rev. Cotton Mather. His son JohnC. - H. C. 1668 - was a physician, speaker, and councillor. He married, in 1691, Sarah Shrimpton, then Elizabeth Hutchinson, and thirdly Sarah, widow of President Leverett.

Thomas Clarke, merchant, of Dorchester and Boston, colonel, speaker, and assistant, had several children, including Leah, wife of Thomas Baker, and Deborah Byfield. Thomas, presumed to be his son, was a wealthy merchant here, and left two daughters, - Mehitable Warren, and Elizabeth, who married first John l*Vekc, and secondly Elislia lliilchinson.

Another Thomas Clarke of Boston, son of William and Anne, was born at Salisbury, co. Wilts, in 1645, and died in 1732, aged eighty-seven. His first wife was Jane, by whom he had Jane, wife of Rev. Iknjamin Colman. His second wife was Rebecca, widow of Captain Thomas Smith, by whom he had Anne, wife of John Jeflrics. His third wife was Abigail Kcach.*

38. Rev. John Cotton,* as we know now, was of good family. He married at Boston, co. Lincoln, the widow of William Story. His children were Seaborn, John, Elizabeth, wife of Jeremiah Egginton, and Maria, wife of Rev. Increase Mather. Rev. Seaborn Cotton married Dorothy Bradstreet, and secondly Prudence Wade. The family, however, soon passed from Boston.

39. Rev. James Allen,* a graduate of Oxford, married first Hannah, daughter of Richard Dummer; secondly Elizabeth, daughter of Jeremiah Houchin and widow of John Endicott; and thirdly Sarah, daughter of

40. Rev. Richard Mather, of Dorchester, was the founder of the line here.* His second wife had been the second wife of Rev. John Cotton, and his son Increase Mather married Mary Cotton, his step-sister. Increase married secondly the daughter of Captain Thomas Lake, widow of Rev. John Cotton of Hampton, nephew of Mather's first wife. Of the daughters of Increase, Maria married Bartholomew Green and Richard Fifield; Elizabeth married William Greenough and Josiah Byles; Sarah married Rev. Nehemiah Walter; Abigail married Newcomb Blake and Rev. John White ; Hannah married John Oliver ; and Jerusha married Peter Oliver.

Rev. Cotton Mather married first Abigail, daughter of John Phillips, of Charlestown; secondly Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. John Clark, widow of Richard Hubbard ; thirdly Lydia, daughter of Rev. Samuel Lee and widow of John George.*

I have thus singled out some forty families which seemed entitled to precedence. I do not say that there were not others perhaps of equal rank, but these were nearly all allied by marriage, and certainly held the largest share of public honors prior to A.D. 1700. I can only say in conclusion, as I did at the beginning, that the materials are not yet collected to enable any one to do for our Boston families what Bond did for Watertown, or Wyman for Charlestown. That the work is begun, and that fair progress has been made, is certainly some satisfaction. I do desire to put on record here that the City Council of Boston for the past two years has been willing to vote all necessary money towards the completion of its records, and to say that I think that the desired end is within sight.

^ lA portrait of Richard and genealogical references will be found in Mr. Barrows's chapter. A portrait of Cotton is given in Mr. Footers chapter. Other portraits can be found in Drake's Boston; his edition of Mather's Philip's War; N, E, Hist, and Gemot, Reg,, 1852, &c. The signatures beneath the portrait of Increase give, besides his ordinary autograph, the Latin form often used in his learned correspondence. There is another portrait in the Massachusetts Historical Society's gallery ; and engravings of him are numerous. See Drake's Boston ; his edition of Mather's Philip's War; N, E, Hist, and Geneal, Peg,, Jan. 1848; Andros Papers, &c Mr. Nathaniel Paine printed in the Register, Jan. 1876, and separately, Boston, 1876^ a pamphlet on the Portraits and Busts in the Public Buildings in Worcester, in which he names the following as in the Amcr. Antiq. Soc Collection, all the gift of Mrs. Hannah Mather Crocker, of Boston : Increase, from life (see preceding page) ; Cotton, by Pelham (see heliotype, p. 208); Richard, from life, engraved in Mr. Barrows's chapter; Samuel, son of Cotton, from life; Samuel, son of Richard, born 1626, died in Dublin, 1 67 1.

The seal of Increase attached to his will is not identified. Heraldic Jottmal, ii. 7. The Mather tomb is in the Copp's Hill burial ground. Shurtleff, Description 0/ Boston, p. 205. - Ed.)

Index

Contribtiton' names are in small capitals, foHowed by the titles of their chapters in qnotation-marks, and titles of books are in italics. The lists of names in the last chapter are not included in this Index.

Adams, C F. Jr. " Earliest Explorations of the Harbor," 63. John Quincy, AAHrttt 0n tht Conftder- "O'l »99- S-imucI, of Charlestown, 389. Rev. William, 418.

Boston, dte of, in a region variously designated, 51 : where Smith puts the name on hb map, 33; where subsequently placed, 56: founded. 99: cabed " Baston " by the French, aSa; named, 87, 116, si 7; early movements for incorporation, 819; settled by Winthrop^s Company, ti6, 387; made the capital, 119, aaa ; earliest records, xx, t3a ; early descriptions, 231, 303, 3sa, 334 ; Wood's map of its vicinity, 334 *, Indian deed of, 849, 350, - faodmile of it, 330 : relations with the Colony. 317 ; with the neighboring jurisdictions, 373; map of harbor (1677!. by Hubbard, 338; its appearance, 483; map, "old and new,*' xxH; first Church formed, 393; sources of Boston's history, xiii ; fiimllies, 337.

Capo Ana, callod bf the Spaaiardt Cabo de S. Maria, 44} seen by Chaaiplaia, 4y ; Cap aox lalea, 49 i Cape Tragabifianda, 30^ S9 \ >hore mapped by Gov. Winihrop^ 61 ; eettlen at, 79, 9a; Thomtoo'o

Drake, Francis S., "Roxbury in the Colonial Period,** 401 ; *' Brighton in the Colonial Period,** 439 ; TVflnw 9/R9*htry^ xv. Samuel A.« Old Lnntlmmrkit xiv. Samuel O., Hi$i0ry ^Besi^m^ xiv.

ptkUiii D^gnet, 171. Goanold on the ooaat, 36, 46. Gould, Rev. Thomaa, 396. Govemoc'a pomp, 31a Granary burying-ground, 536. Gravaatonea quarried, 4. Gravea, Daniel, 336. John, 404. Thontaa, the adfitiral, 389, 499* ThoaMa,

464. La Tour, ip, sls-*t95, Sm* Laud, Archbishop, 338; 339 La%vs, early, 145. Lawyer, S03. Learned, William, 3(9. Lechlurd, Thomas, 90J. Leete, William, autograph, 301 Leil,a3 Leilsbiidir, %\. Lendall, James, 3*3. Lenox globe, 4a Lescarbot's map, 49. Letters-patents, iorms used in issuing, by Motley, 83. Mtrcurius Amaricmu$ts, 177. Metellus^s map^ 43. Miantonomob, laa, 333, 399. Middlecott family, 383. Military organixation, 334. Milk, John, 335* mtimrf^ xviii. Pring on the coaat, 47. Printer, Jamea, 470^ 477. Priaoo, 541. Proapect Hill, 391. Prout, Timothy, aft. Proviaiona. 49'* Prudden, John, 419* Paalm-ainging, 313. Ptolemy'a geograpliita, 40^ 43. Pudding Stone, 40a. Pullea Point, 443* Pwni»t54$- Puniahmenta, 308. ** Purilau Commonwealth,*' by George

319} portrait, 519. Read, 'Robert, 310. Red-Uon Inn, 493, 330. Reevea, John, 508. Regiddea in New Engbnd, 304* Religioua legiabitkm, 143, 131. Remington, John, 41a. Repreaentative system, tsa. Reptilea, 14* Revere, 443 Rhode Isfaind Colony, a8a ; left out of

Penobscot, 984. State library begun, 136. Sute Street, 539. State's -Arms Inn, 493. Stebbins, Martin, 494. Stephanina, Stgind, map by, 38. Stephenaou, John, 84. Stemhold and Hoplcins^s version of the Psabns, 437. Stevenson, Marmadake, 183, 186. Slickline, John, 383. Stinted pasture, 391. Stobnicsa*s map^ 4a Slock, Jerembh, 393. Stockbridge Indbns, 480W Stocks 306. Stoddard, Anthony, 497, 383. Simeon,

Source changes here: from Genealogical and Personal Memoirs Relating to the Families of Boston and Eastern Massachusetts, by Cutter, William Richard, published 1908; 416,712 words in this source stream.

Introductory

THE present work, "Genealogical and Personal Memoirs Relating to the Families of Boston and Eastern Massachusetts," presents in the aggregate an amount and variety of genealogical and personal information and ])ortraiture une(|ualled l)y any kindred ])ublication. Indeed,, no similar work concerning this region has ever before been presented. It contains a vast amount of ancestral history never before printed. The object, clearly defined and well digested, was threefold:

Third: To present through personal sketches, linked with the genealogical narrative, the relation of the prominent families of all times to the growth, singular prosperity and \vides])read influence of the historic old City of Boston and the region belonging to it by historical association and ccjmmunity of interest.

There are numerous vohiminou.N narrative histories of this section in one form or other, making it unnecessary in this work to even outline its armals. What has been ])ublislied, however, princi])ally relates to the people in tlie mass. The amplification necessary to com]:)lete the ])icture of the region, old and nowaday, is what is su])plied in large measure by these ( ienealogical and PerscMial .Memoirs. In other words, whik' others have written of "the times," the province of this work is to be a chronicle of the people who have made lioston and Eastern Massachusetts.

L'nic|ue in conception and treatment, this work constitutes one of the most original and ])ermanently valuable contributions ever made to the social history f)f an .American communit)-. In it are arrayed in a lucid and dignified manner all the im])ortant facts regarding the ancestry, personal career and matrimonial alliances of many of those who, in each succeeding generation, have been accorded leading positions in the social, professional and l)usiness life of Boston and tlu' outlying region. Xor has it been based upon, neither dc^es it minister to. aristocratic |)rejudices and assumptions. On the contrary, its fundamental ideas are thoroughly .American and deniocratic. Ihe work every- Bunker Hiu Monnmeiu.

where conveys the lesson that distinction has been gained only by honorable pnblic service, or by usefulness in private station, and that the development and prosperity of the section of whiciT it treats has been dependent upon the character of its citizens, and the stimulus which they have given to commerce, to industry, to the arts and sciences, to education and religion

The inspiration underlying the present work is a fervent appreciation of the truth so well expressed by Sir Walter Scott, that "there is no heroic poem in the world but is at the bottom the life of a man." And with this goes a kindred truth, that to know a man, and rio^htlv measure his character, and weigh his achievements, we must know wdience he came, from what forbears he sprang. Truly as heroic poems have been written in human lives m the ])aths of peace as in the scarred roads of war. Such examples, in whatever line of endeavor, are of much worth as an incentive to those who come afterward, and such were never so needful to 1)e written of as in the present day, when pessimism, forgetful of the s])lendid lessons of the past, withholds its eiTort in the present, and views the future only with alarm.

Boston and Eastern Massachusetts offer a peculiarly rich and interesting field for such research as has been here undertaken. Its sons - "native here, and to the manner born," - have attained distinction in every' department of human effort. An additional interest attaches to the present undertaking in the fact that, while dealing primarily with the people of a section, this work approaches the dignity of a national epitome of genealogy and biography. Owing to the wide dispersion throughout the country of the old families of this region, the authentic account here presented of the constituent elements of her social life, past and present, is of far more than merely local value. In its special field it is. in an a])i)reciable degree, a reflection of the development of the country at large, since hence went out representatives of historic families, in various generations, wdio in far remote places - beyond the Mississippi and in the Far West - were with the vanguard of civilization, building up communities, creating new commonwealths. ])lanting, wherever the} went, the church, the school liouse and the jn'inting ])ress, leading into channels of thrift and enterprise all who gathered about them, and ])roving a ])ower for ideal citizenship and good government. And further, the custodian of records concerning the useful men of preceding generations, of the homes and churches, schools, and other institutions, which they founded, and of their descendants who have lived honorable and useful lives, who thus aids in ])lacing such knowledge in preservable and accessible form, j^erforms a ])ublic service in rendering honor to whom honor is due, and in inculcating the mtjst valuable lessons of patriotism and good citizenship.

The vast influence exerted by the ]Deople of Boston and of the sections immediately covered by it, is immeasurable. The story of the Plymouth and Massa- statue of captain parker, Lexington.

clmsetts Bay colonies lies at the foundation of the best there is in American history, and the names of Brewster, \\'inslo\v, Bradford, Standish. Alden. Warren, Rowland (all of whom came in the "Mayflower") and were prominent in the Old Colony, with Freeman, Corham and Sears - all these of Plymouth ; and Winthro]). Saltonstall, Dudley. Wilson, Bradstreet, and others of the Alassachusetts Bay Colony, have an undying fame, and these names are prominent to-day in Eastern Massachusetts. These early settlers erected an original form of government, pledging themselves to maintain and ])reserve all their liberties and privileges, and in their vote and suffrage, as their conscience might them move, as to best conduce and tend to the public weal of the body, without respect of persons or favor of any man. Their heroism was exhibited in their conflicts with the savages. In statesmanship they builded better than they knew. Their code of laws known as the 'T^ody of Liberties" has been termed an almost declaration of independence, opening with the pronouncement that neither life, liberty, honor nor estate were to be invaded unless under express laws enacted by the local authorities, and when this bold declaration led to the demand of the English government that the colonial charter should be surrendered, the colonists resisted to a successful issue. In later days Faneuil Hall became the cradle of .American Liberty, and from its platform were proclaimed the doctrines which bore fruit in resistance to the Stani]:) Act. in the Boston Massacre, and the engagements at Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill.

At a later day. when came the momentous (|uestion whether a free and lil)eral government "of the jjcople. by the people and for the ])eo])le" was to ])erish from the earth, the sons of their illustrious sires were not found wanting in patriotism and devotion, but freely sacrificed comforts, property and life for sake of the ])rinci]^les inherited from the fathers.

Here. loo. were develojied in highest degree tlu' arts of ])eace. Religion, education, science, invention, labor along all the lines of mechanical anil industrial i)rogress. here made their beginnings, and while their ramitications extended throughout the land, the i)arent home and the parent >tock held their ])re-eminence, as they do to the present day.

Besides the City of Boston and its immediate environs, the sco])e of the work includes other sections of Eastern Massachusetts, whose peojjle sprang from the same or similar stock, and whose history and traditions are akin thereto, such as Salem, the first town settled in the bounds of the old Massachusetts Colony: Lynn, the ancient Saugus, bringing its name from Lynn Regis ( King's Lynn) county of Xorftdk. England, in honor of Mr. Whiting, the minister, who came from that town; Gloucester, settled in 1623. by settlers from the citv of the same name in h'ngland ; .Marblehead. famed in histor\- and song; \ewburyi)ort and Lawrence, and others of imj^ortance both in the past and present.

The descendants of those earl\- settlers are especiall}- ])rou(l of their ancestry ; for. whatever the part allotted them, even the most trivial service rendered commands respect and admiration, and those now residents of Boston and Eastern Massachusetts esteem it a precious i)rivilege to have their names associated with such an illustrious grouj) of families. Such an honorable ancestry is a noble heritage, and the storv of its achievements is

It was the consensus of opinion of gentlemen well informed and loyal to the memories of the past and the needs of the present and future, that the editorial supervision of William Richard Cutter, A. M., would ensure the best results attainable in the preparation of material for the proposed work. For more than a generation past he has given his leisure to historical and genealogical research and authorship. He was the author, with his father, of "History of the Cutter Family of New England." 1871-1875; and "History of Arlington, Massachusetts," 1880; and edited Lieutenant Samuel Thompson's "Diary While Serving in the French and Indian War, 1758," 1896. He also prepared a monograph entitled "Journal of a Forton Prisoner, England," sketches of Arlington and Woburn, Massachusetts, and many articles on subjects connected with local historical and genealogical matters for periodical literature. He prepared a "Biography of Woburn," and he has been editor of various historical works outside of his own city. His narrative on "Early Families," which introduces Volume I. of this work is of peculiar value for information and reference.

Others to whom the publishers desire to make grateful acknowledgment for services rendered in various ways - as writers, or in an advisory way, in pointing to channels of valuable information, are : Edward Henry Clement, long editor of the Boston Transcript : Arthur G. Loring, an author and investigator of peculiar industry; Nathan M. Hawkes, who has made valuable contributions to the literature of his region ; John Howard Brown, late editor of "Lamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States ;" Thomas Franklin Waters, author of various works and monographs on New England antiquities and genealogy; and Frank Smith, widely known as a writer and lecturer on historical subjects.

This work comi)rises a carefully prepared genealogical history of several hundred representative families of Boston and Eastern Massachusetts. Tlie editor and publishers desire to state that they have adopted a dififerent method for collecting and compiling data than has heretofore been pursued in this country. Time and expense have not been spared in making the publication a valuable work for reference. The value of family history and genealogy depends ujion accuracy, and the thoroughness of research in public and private records ; also, upon the use of old and un]niblished manuscri])ts, supplemented by a careful gleaning and comj^iling of information to be found in the various printed works in ])ublic and ]irivate libraries. It has been the aim of editor and publishers to utilize all such material, connecting the same with the first ])rogenitor, where possible, and present in a narrative form the family line down to and including the present generation, weaving in the military and civic services of the subject treated. In order to insure greatest possible accuracy, all matter for this work was submitted in typewritten manuscript to the persons most interested for correction.

If, in any case, a sketch is incomplete or faulty, the shortcoming is save in exceptional cases, ascribable to the paucity of data obtainable, many families being without exact records in their family line ; while, in some cases, representatives of a given family are at disagreement as to names of some of their forbears, important dates, etc.

It is believed that the present work, in spite of the occasional fault which attaches to such undertakings, will prove a real addition to the mass of annals concerning the historic families of Boston and Eastern Massachusetts, and that, without it, much valuable information would be inaccessible to the general reader, or irretrievably lost, owing to the passing away of custodians of family records, and the consetiuent disappearance of material in their Dossession. THE PUBLISHERS.

Early Families

The late William H. Whitmore, city registrar of Boston, has treated the history of the ]jrominent families of Boston in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in a cursory manner in two chapters at the end of the first and second volumes of Winsor's "Memorial History of Boston." There has never been, according to his statement, any general or complete attempt to write their genealogy, as a whole, and probably never will be, owing to the want of proper material, and the magnitude of the undertaking. The greater part of the early settlers came from the middle class of England. Their ideas of society were the same as the English, and they were devoid of the element of the very poor, as well as of the higher class of the nobility. Until the Revolution of 1775 they were in effect and in practice a British province.

Of the above, Winthrop, Endicott, Leverett, Bradstreet, Savage, Hutchinson, Oliver, Brattle, Tyng, Usher, Jeffries, Shrimpton, Stoddard, Lynde, Clarke, Cotton and Mather, are

1. The ancestor of the Winthrop family left two sons who left male descendants in New London, Connecticut, and Cambridge, Massachusetts. One son, whose only son died without issue, is represented at present by descendants in the female line in Chelsea and Winthrop, Massachusetts.

6. Hough : Alderman of Old Boston before coming here ; one son in the second generation, one son in the third ; two sons in the fourth generation died before middle age.

9. Davy : Ancestor was son of a baronet ; one son returned to England and inherited estate and title of his grandfather; two sons by a second wife.

12. Cooke: One son of the second generation. This son had an only daughter whose descendants of another name still represent the family in Boston.

Boston And Eastern Massachusetts

24. Usher: Two sons and two daughters of the second generation ; one son married and had no children ; one son married and had one daughter, and by a second marriage had other issue "still represented in Rhode Island."

25. Jeffries : Two sons of the second generation. "The family is still represented in Boston, being one of the few which have continued through all the changes of two centuries."

33. Sheaffe : Two daughters of the second generation, one of whom married a relative of the same name. The name appears to have ended in Boston in 1724.

Mr. Whitmore, for the eighteenth century, continues his list of the most prominent families of Boston (or Suffolk county) until he has included one hundred numbers for the two centuries which his list was designed to cover ; more especially for the eighteenth century, the provincial period from 1692 to 1775. He also observes that with few exceptions the names of the colonial (or first period) disappear early in the eighteenth century. In his list for the eighteenth century he includes such names as follows :

41. Phips: No children of the first ancestor, but a wife's nephew became his heir and adopted the name ; this nephew had an only surviving son, whose family consisted of three sons and three daughters.

Boston And Eastern Massachl'Setts

44. Shirley (family of the English Governor) : Four sons and five daughters. "Only one son survived him, whose only son died without issue in 1815."

45. Hutchinson (also of the seventeenth century) : Family consisting of two sons, both married, whose descendants were most notable ; the first had Thomas (the famous lieutenantgovernor of the province) and Foster Hutchinson ; the second left a son Edward and two daughters. Foster had a son and daughter, and Governor Thomas had three children. As the members became refugees, they are not found here after the Revolution.

46. Oliver: In the second generation was one son, whose son was the father of a branch of the family which remained here. liy a second marriage the first ancestor had a family of fourteen children. Another branch of the early Oliver family had two sons who were married. Another branch of the second generation was a member who had four sons, the descendants of whom have been numerous. There was still another branch of these Boston Olivers, one of whose members had two wives, and by them many children, most of whom died young. A son of this last group was a graduate of Harvard College in 1719. one of whose daughters married Benjamin Prescott, and was "the ancestress of famous men."

48. Temple: One son of this family had three daughters, and sons, whose descendants are numerous. One of the sons of the emigrant inherited the baronetcy belonging to this family.

50. Sewall : One son of the second generation was married, but "the line soon ceased in the name ;" one son of the same generation was married and had a family. "Descendants of the name still reside in Boston and the vicinity."

58. Vassall : Early rather numerous, and one of a later generation had seventeen children, and another member of the family had sixteen children.

59. Lindall : The first generation was represented by a person who had three wives and seven children, but only one daughter lived to marry.

60. Brinley : The representative of the first generation left a daughter and a son ; the son had five sons and two daughters. One of these sons married his cousin and left no children ; another left many descendants, the third married his cousin and left one married son.

62. Apthorp : The first representative had eighteen children, of wlu)m fifteen survived him, and eleven married. "The name is still re])resented among us."

63. Salisbury: The first re])resentative had ten children, of whom two sons and six daughters married. "Many descendants of this worthy couple remain."

66. Ouincy : Long identified with Boston. The emigrant had an only son, whose progeny are numerous. One of the male descendants had nine children from whom are many descendants of the name and of other families. Another line represented by an only son had later very eminent representatives.

68. Clark: Two children, two daughters, of the second generation in one case, one son and daughters only in the other. In the second case the only son had two daughters who married. A sister of the only son died "a childless widow ;" her sister had four children.

69. Bromfield : One daughter and a son of the second generation ; and several sons and daughter of the third have carried the name and family down to 1849.

72. Eliot: The descendants of the first member are now mostly in Connecticut ; the second member had only daughters ; the third had the same ; and the fourth had two sons and several daughters. Of three male members of a later generation two died without issue. Another noted family of this name, more properly spelled Elliott, adopted at a later period the shorter spelling.

y^,- Belcher: The father of the Boston family of this name had daughters, and one son who was governor of the province. The governor had a daughter and two sons. Another branch of the family early in Boston w-as less distinguished.

74. Williams : One branch of this family is descended from an early schoolmaster, 1703- 1734, well connected by marriage. "Many other bearers of the name have lived here, but most of them are probably descendants of Robert \\'illiams, of Roxbury."

75. Winslow : "Little can be found in print about the Boston line." The family is descended from John, a brother of Governor Edward. This John had daughters, and six surviving sons. The male line in this family was prominent, especially from 1740 to 1770. Others were merchants in the city "within the memory of the present generation." Other branches also have been well represented.

76. W'illard : Beginning with a pastor of the Old South Church, having by two wives, twenty-one children. The only descendants of the name, however, are traced to a son, by whose son was preseved the line to the present generation. Another son of the first generation, was twice married, but left no sons.

yy. Walley : Two sons of the second generation ; one had daughters and a son. This last married and had two sons ; one died without issue, and the other had daughters, besides a son (who had twelve children) and a son, who had a son, who was a "distinguished citizen of only a few years ago."

79. Valentine: The founder died in 1724, having had seven children. The eldest son went to England. Other sons were of Hopkinton and F"all River ; "but many of the descendants of the name have returned to Boston, and have been engaged in business here."

80. Cushing : The first representative in Boston had several children. "The family has been especially famous for the number of judges it has furnished," and many of the name "have been citizens here."

81. Bowdoin (Huguenot element) : Tw'o sons in the second generation ; one went to Virginia, "where his descendants still live." The other was thrice married, and had daughters and sons who married. A grandson was Governor of the State; his only son left no issue ; and two daughters were married into distinguished names. A son of one of the two daughters, last named, took the name of Bowdoin, as did his son, "but this line is extinct."

82. Faneuil : Three brothers of this name were settled as early as 1691. One returned to France, another acquired a large fortune, and died in 1737-38, leaving a nephew, who gave to Boston "Faneuil Hall." The remaining brother had two sons and several sisters ; one of these sons died in 1785, having had two sons and a daughter ; one of the sons became a refugee and died in England ; the other after a stay in Canada and the West Indies, returned to Boston after the revolutionary war.

83. Johonnot : The first, a member of the Huguenot church, died in 1748, leaving three sons and a daughter. The descendants of later generations have been numerous, and "the name still continues."

84. Olivier (Huguenot) : Fifteen children of the progenitor were born between 1712 and 1 73 1. The name in a few cases was changed to Oliver, "but the family was represented here in 1850."

85. Sigourney : The family ancestor died here in 1727, aged 89; a son married and had three daughters and three sons. One of the latter had twelve children ; another had ten children ; and another had five children. "The name has been widely spread in this community."

86. Brimmer : The founder was born in Germany in 1697, and married here, and had three daughters and a son, all married. A son of the later generation was mayor of Boston and died in 1847. The name still exists.

87. Mascarene (distinguished Huguenot ancestry) : The original representative here was a soldier, but married and made Boston his home. He had an only son and three married (laughters. The son died in 1778, leaving an only son who died unmarried. In another line were a few male representatives of a late generation.

88. Bethune : Dates from about 1724. "By the death of the senior representatives the heir of this line now is the head of the family." The representatives in the male line are not numerous.

8q. Cunningham : The family came here about 1680. There were three sons of the second generation. The line has been prolific in comparison with some of the families previously named. "This famil}- has contributed largely towards building up the town."

90. Boylston : The name has had numerous influential male representatives in P'oston and vicinity since 1653. A member of the female line had fourteen children, and one of her sons taking the name of P>o}'lsti)n. became a wealthy merchant in London, and left descendants of this name.

91. Trail: Two brothers were residents al)Out 1750; and others of this name, possibly their relatives, were here at the same date, and jirobably left descendants.

92. ]\lountfort: The family "spring from three brothers" - all here about 1660. One had two sons. The male portion has been well represented to very nearly the ])resent time.

93. Greenwood : The founder died here in 1684; had two sons, and one of these had five sons. "Several other branches of the family resided here."

94. Charnock : V'wst prominent in 1710, there were two sons of the second generation, also daughters. One son had three children, who (lied unmarried.

95. Martvn : one member died here in 1700: his cousin left will of 1717, in which is named four sons and five daughters. The family has been continued here and the name is often encountered.

96. Cooper: The first to come here in 1678 was sent here to learn busines*; There were two sons of the second generation. In the male line this name has been prominent, and the members numerous. Another branch of this name, beginning in 1755. became prominent in the South ; one of them being adjutantgeneral, U. S. A., and then resigned to join the Confederate side, 1861-65.

was in Boston. 1650, was married, and had three sons. The first and second sons had each a married daughter. The second son had a son, and both father and son were chiefjustices of the province (one from 1728 to 1746, and the other, who succeeded his father, in 1746, from 1771 to 1772).

98. Gardiner : The first comer was a physician and also a merchant : became a refugee, and returned after the war; had three wives, and left issue, one son and four daughters. The son had distinguished descendants. One of the grandsons of the original member, being in the female line, took name of Gardiner.

100. Waldo: The first member was of Boston in 1697. A second member, ancestor of a branch, came about the same time. The male line has been well represented.

Xo one is so foolish as to 1)elieve such a list as the above is absolute. Mr. Whitmore, its author, never made any such claim ; and asserted that other families ec|ually worthy were entitled ( presumably ) to a jjlace in the list, liowever, as arranged, it is suggestive. _The basis is wealth and official distinction, as existing in the colonies. It is also interesting to notice the rise and fall of the families through the medium of an increased or lessened birth-rate, and also the effect upon them of the influence of longevity.

In the second place, as it is natural that the best ability should gravitate towards the metropolis, such as Boston then was and is now. men of that character and their family representatives would in the nature of the case be fewer in their numerical importance as families, regardless of their "natural increase." or birth-rate; and so the selected number "one hundred" is not absurd, but furnishes an idea of the relative size of the "ruling influence" in the capital, as well as in the colony at large ; and. in compariscMi. their numbers would not be as great as those of their mrjre numerous compeers in the country districts, from whom were drawn in the course of events recruits to swell the urban population and occasionally the upper classes.

In the lists which follow it is impossible to confine the numbers to one hundred, for the standard set embraces a much larger number of the so-called common people; nor will the length of the lists admit of the particular specification of the former. The lists also do not take into account the still luuch greater num- ber "of the first settlers who remained here permanently, or those who after a short stay returned to the mother country, and who were never elected to any prominent office in this community. In the seaports at that time was a floating population of considerable proportions, composed of mariners and others, whose stay in one place was short from the nature of the circumstances. Armies composed of regiments from abroad were occasionally stationed in Boston, or on the islands near it, for a period of several months at a time. The names of such wanderers, and they are occasionally found in the local records, are a puzzle to the genealogist.

It should be distinctl}' understood that the great land company which settled Massachusetts, first with headquarters located in England, and afterwards in this country, was a close corporation, the English government regarding it simply as an instrument for trading in certain territory on this side of the ocean, which it considered as a part of its realm. The idea of the colonists to set up a government of their own, with laws not repugnant to those of the mother country, is another matter. It can be shown that a large degree of prosperity attended the movement ; that by 1700 communities with many of the blessings of agriculture and of the home country were firmly established ; that good houses were common ; that the people generally were content to abide under their own "vine and fig-tree." That by 1736, a hundred years after the establishment of their first college, according to the testimony of an authority of that day, the province was distinguished among the British colonies for its pleasant homes, its wholesome laws, its privileges of education, its learned men, its good government, the general knowledge of the common people, and in which good land all were as happy as any on earth.

In 1770, after the unwise oppression of a reasonably prosperous province by the British government had begun, the condition of the average inhabitant of the country town was fairly well described in an election sermon of that year, by a village minister living not remote from the metropolis. In passing the reader will observe that the troubles about climate are definitely alluded to. This authority says: "There is in the close of our short summer the appearance of plenty in our dwellings ; but, from the length of our winters, our plenty is consumed, and the one-half of our necessary labor is spent in dispersing to our flocks and herds the ingatherings of the foregoing season ; and it is known to every person of common observation that few, very few, except in the mercantile way, from one generation to another, acquire more than a necessary subsistence, and sufficient to discharge the expenses of government and the support of the gospel, yet content and disposed to lead peaceable lives.''

Applying the principle of Mr. \\diitmore's plan to the selection of a list of prominent families in other counties of ^Massachusetts than SuiTolk, we find that their number can be greatly extended, the period being still the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, or the time covered by the colonial and provincial periods of New England history. In the estimation of the people of old New England ( John Farmer, ''Genealogical Register of the First Settlers," 1829) the official society of the community consisted of the governors, deputy governors, assistants (or councillors), the ministers of the gospel, representatives of the general courts, graduates of Harvard College, the members of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, and the freeman (or voters) of the colony, especially those of the period (when church membership was a qualification) from 1630 to 1662, in Massachusetts. Mellen Chamberlain, a good legal authority, in his "History of Chelsea," in passim, claims that the original Massachusetts Bay Company was a close corporation, ''to which no one was admitted unless a member of the church established within its limits ; but when communities had gathered remote from the seat of government, there were local duties and rights, not specified by general laws, in which it was desirable that some, not freeman, should share ; and in 1647 ^^""^ general court authorized the freemen in towns to choose inhabitants, not freemen, to vote in specified afifairs under certain conditions. By the charter of 1692, Massachusetts became more clearly a local body politic with enlarged powers, instead of a great land company located in England, and in 1693 the General Court determined who should be freeholders and inhabitants, with their qualifications as voters in town meetings ; but these matters were practically determined by the selectmen, who. sharing the popular feeling, seldom used their power of exclusion or of challenge in town-meeting of any person, voting by a show of hands, especially in political afifairs.

garded it as a corporation in the kingdom for trading in the territory described in the instrument, with the power of making rules for that purpose, according to the course of other corporations in the reahn ; while the colonists claimed the power to set up a government proper, and make laws not repugnant to those of Great Britain."

Probably the King intended to grant only such powers as would enable the Company in England to carry on its business in Massachusetts with a local government." But for various reasons, "in the opinion of some good English lawyers, it could be legally transferred to Massachusetts And this latter seems to have been the opinion of \\inthrop and his associates, for no sooner were they set down in Boston Bay than they acted on that view of their powers. This explains many things which seem very extraordinary to some in i>ur day."

On the other hand, Farmer ("Genealogical Register")* representing the opinion current among the greater number of the orthodox Xew Englanders when he wrote (1829) lays greater stress on the ecclesiasticism of the situation, and quotes on his title-page two authorities, one of the I'uritans, and the other of a later and more advanced member of the clerical ])rofession.

"Multitudes of pious, ])eaceal)le Protestants were driven to leave their native country, and seek a refuge for their lives and liberties, with freedom for the worshi]) of God, in a wilderness, in the ends of the earth." - Dr. John Owen.

*Note. - The monumental dictionary of Jame.s Savage is an enlargement of Farmer's work, and on the same lines. In his preface Savage says the five classes of persons prominent, such as governors, deputy-governors, assistants, ministers in all tlie colonies, in that of Massachusetts to 1692. and graduates of Harvard College to 1662. members of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, and freemen in Massachusetts alone, are features of Farmer's book. Savage agrees on 1692 as fixing an absolute limit. He states that nineteen-twentieths of the people of New England colonies in 1775 were descendants of those found liere in 1692, and probably seven-eighths of them \\ere offspring of the settlers before 1642. At the lime when Savage wrote (1860) he considered that more than four-fifths of our peopje still counted tlieir progenitors among the ante-revolutionary colonists.

It was Savage's opinion after twenty years' work on the subject, that the record of the first three generations of the first settlers bordered upon "universal genealogy," and thus the difficulties pertinent to the next century of their descendants are made evident.

fallible in all respects, were a religious, brave, and virtuous set of men, whose love of liberty, civil and religious, brought them from their native land into the American desert." - Dr. Jonathan Mayhew.

Prominent Families

The following list of prominent families in 3»Iassachusetts in the seventeenth century is based on the rule established by the celebrated John Farmer, in 1829:

Bristol

The first three generations of the first settlers having disappeared, the next important list existing to give an idea of the names of the i)rominent families in the early part of the eighteenth century was a subscription list to a book. Even lists of subscribers to literary works were then uncommon in this community, and this list has discrepencies regarding the address of a large number which cannot be explained. Leaving out the part relating to Sufi'olk county ( wdiich included Boston), the much smaller list for the other counties is here included. The book referred to is Prince's "Chronology."*

Prince who was one of the most learned men in the Province, speaking of the prosperity of X'ew England in 1736, in the dedication of his work to the governor, lieutenantgovernor, the councillors and representatives of the Massachusetts Bay government - men mostly, if not wholly, descendants of the founders of this commonwealth - and speaking also from the standpoint of an ecclesiast, as most clergymen of this period did, says: "It is to these (the founders) we firstly owe our pleasant houses, our fruitful fields, our gro\ving towns and churches, our wholesome laws, our precious privileges, our grammar schools and colleges, our pious and learned ministers and magistrates, our good government and order, the public restraints of vices, the general knowledge of our common people, the strict observation of the christian sabbath ; with those remains of public modesty, sobriety, social virtues and religion ; for which this country is distinguished among the British colonies, and in which we are as happy as any on earth."

The following list of Prince's subscribers outside of Suffolk county illustrate the high standing in the community of certain families in 1736.

Western

The tax lists of the several towns contain the names of citizens at successive periods. But previously to the Revolutionary war there is very little else upon which to build a complete record. The first important census was taken in 1764. and this, as preserved, is not a record of names, but only a list of figures. The number of houses and persons of each sex was kept up in this way at occasional intervals until 1800. Thus the value of such a list as that of 1736, as above presented, may well be appreciated, even though it may contain the names of many students and clergymen of that period.

When the L^nited States direct tax of 1798 was assessed in Massachusetts, a list was prepared which contains a description of real estate in the hands of private persons, and the list is now valuable for its account of farms and their boundaries, and of outlands, and for the description which it gives of dwellinghouses, barns, outbuildings, etc.

Following is a list of family names most numerously represented in the original eight towns of ^licldlesex county, [Massachusetts, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

CriARLE.STOwx. - Principal authority, Wyman's "Charlestown." The families most numerously represented in this work are Adams (78), Austin (42), Brown (83), Cutter (60), Frothingham (49), Green or Greene (78), Hall (46), Harris (47), Johnson (81), Newell (45), Parker (58), Phillips, (46) Pierce (54), Rand (75), Reed (43), Richardson (68), Russell (51), Smith (123), Sprague (45), Tufts (84), and Whittemore (56). The numbers in parentheses represent the number of W}inan's family groups. He places before the name of Kettell one of those peculiar indexes with which he introduces a family of large numbers, but there are several families equally as large as that one covered by the matter in his book.

Watertown. - Many families of Watertown which fill mvich space in Bond's work are extended greatly into the limits of other towns ; but after careful consideration the following list is submitted for what it is worth. Authority: Bond's "History of Watertown." Allen, Bemis, Bigelow, Bond, Bowman, Bright, Brooks, Brown, Coolidge, Fiske, Flagg, Fuller, Goddard, Hammond, Harrington, Hastings, Jennison, Jones, Lawrence, Livermore, Mason, Peirce, Phillips, Saltonstall, Sanderson, Smith, Spring, Stearns, Stone, Stratton, Warren, Wellington, White, Whitney, and Woodward.

Sudbury. - Authority : The printed vital records. The family names most numerously represented in this town are those of Brown, Goodenow, Haynes, Hunt, Maynard, Moore, Parmenter, Rice, Smith and Willis.

Concord. - The names of families most numerously represented in Concord, according to the vital records and Shattuck's "History of Concord," are Adams (11), Ball (11 ), Barrett (25), Blood (15), Brooks (33), Brown (39), Buttrick (14), Dakin (10), Davis (21), Farrar (14), Fletcher (11), Hoar (10), Hosmer (24), Hubbard (12), Hunt (13), Melvin (16), Meriam (14), Miles (12), Taylor (12), Wheeler (51), Wood (15). The figures in parentheses represent the number of heads of families.

W^OBURN. - Authority: Johnson's printed vital record. The following statement is based upon the birth rate in that work. The family names most numerously represented are Brooks, Carter, Converse, Fowle, Johnson, Kendall, Pierce, Reed, Richardson, Simonds, Thompson, and Wyman. The three most numerous families are those of Johnson, Richardson, and Wyman, and the name of Richardson is represented in the birth list (to 1873) by nearly 900 entries.

Medford." - The printed vital records to 1850 give as the most numerously represented names, those of Brooks, Hall and Tufts. The genealogical records in Brooks's "History of Medford" add to these those of Blanchard, Francis, Reeves, Wade, Whitmore and Willis.

Reading. - The vital records of this municipality are not printed. From Eaton's "History of Reading" a very general estimate is made, which includes among the most numerous family names those of Bancroft, Boutwell, Browne, Bryant, Cowdry, Damon, Eaton, Emerson, Evans, Fitch, Flint, Green, Hartshorne, Nichols, Parker, Poole, Pratt, Smith, Stimpson, Swain, Temple, Wakefield, Walton, Weston and Wiley.

Salem. - Salem, like its companion seaport, Boston, is an interesting place to genealogists. But it is doubtful if in spite of earnest endeavors in that direction, on the part of a number that the work is nearer accomplishment generally than that of Boston ,as described by Whitmore in the first part of this article. In a place so genealogically important as Salem, the vital records have been collected from various sources, and in relation to the entire subject are doubtless only fragmentary. The eighteenth century baptisms in Salem, as published by Emmerton, show for the most numerously represented families in that century the names of Andrew and Andrews, Archer, Ashby, Ashton, Babbidge, Barr, Bickford, Bowditch, Bray, Brookhouse, Brown and Browne, Bullock, Burrill, Chapman, Cheever, Clark, Clough, Cloutman, Collins, Cook, Cox, Dampney, Daniel or Daniels, Derby, Dodge, Driver, Emmerton, Felt, Fisher, Forrester, Foster, Fowler, Frye, Gale, Gardner, Gavitt, Gerrish, Giles, Glover, Goodale, Goodhue, Gould, Grafton, Grant, Gray^ Hall, Hathorne, Henderson, Hill, Hodges, Holman, Horton, Howard, Hunt, Ingalls, Ingersoll, Jeffrey, Josephs, King, Lamb, Lambert, Lander, Lane, Loring, Lawrence, Leach, Lee, Lefavor, Liscomb and Luscomb, Mackintire, Manning, Mansfield, Marston, Mason, Massey, Masury, Mayberry Millett, Morgan, Morong, Moses, Motey, Neal, Needham, Nichols, Oliver, Orne, Osgood, Palfrey, Palmer, Parker, Patterson, Peale, Pease. Peirce and Pierce, Phelps, Phippen. Pickering, Pickman, Pitman, Prince, Proctor, Punchard, Putnam, Richardson,

Ropes, Rowell, Rust, Sage, Sanders and Saunders, Saunderson, Savage, Silsbee, Skerry, Smith, Smithers, Southard, Stone, Swasey. Simonds and Symonds, Teague, Townsend, Trask, Tucker, Valpy, Very, Ward, Waters, Webb, Wehman, West, White, Williams, Woodbridge, Woodbury and Yell, and many others who are possibly entitled to a ]>lace in the list. In the published records of the parish list of deaths, kept by William Bentley, pastor of the East Church, .Salem, covering the period between 1785 and 18 19, the following family names are most numerous : Allen, Archer, Babbidge, Becket, Brown and Browne, Cheever, Collins, Crowninshield. Dean, Derby. Fairfield, Hodges. King, Lambert, Lane, Manning, Masury, Millet, Alurray, Palfrey, Patterson, Peelc. Perkins. Phippen, Richardson, Ropes, Silsbee, Smith, Swasey, Townsend, Ward, Waters, Webb, Wellman, White, Whittemorc and Williams. Individuals having large families are very interesting genealogically, and important sociologically and i)hysiologically ; and next in interest to these facts are those of longevity ; closely akin to which subject is that of fatalities, in which accidents, war and pestilence or epidemical disease, bear an important part, events which are more likely to aiYect a seaport like Salem, with a large floating clement in its population, than the more inland country districts.

Lynn. - Authority: The printed vital records. The most numerous families to 1850 are those bearing the names of Alley, Bachellor, Breed, Brown, Burrill, Chase, Collins, Fuller, Hawkes, Ingalls, Johnson, Lewis, Mansfield, Mudge, Newhall. Oliver. Parrott. Phillips, Ramsdell, Rhodes, Smith and Tarbox. Of these Breed and Newhall are by far the most numerous.

Wenham. - Authority : The printed vital records. The most numerous families to 1850 are those bearing the names of Bacheller, Dodge, Fairfield, Fiske, Kimball. Perkins, and Porter. Of these Dodge and Kimball are the most numerous.

Ipswich. - Authority: Felt, "History of Ipswich." Andrews, Appleton, Baker, Brown, Burnham, Choate, Cogswell, Dodge, Emerson, Farley, Foster, Giddings, Goodhue, How, Hubbard, Killam., Kimball, Knowlton, Lord, Low, Maiming, Norton, Perkins, Potter. Rogers. Rust, Smith, Staniford, Story, Symonds, Treadwell, Wade, Wainwright, \\'ard, Warner, A\niipple, Whittingham, \Vigglesworth, Wise. A late authority on the subject of the most numerously represented names, of which the

Rowley. - Authority : Blodgette. "Early Settlers of Rowley," in this work the family names most numerously represented are Bailey, Boynton, Burpee, Clarke, Dickinson, Dresser, Ellsworth. Harriman, Harris, Hidden, Hobson, Hopkinson, Jackson, Jewett (numerously so), Johnson, Kilbourne, Mighill, Nelson, Palmer, Pearson, Pickard, Platts, Scott, Tenney, Todd and Wood.

Newbury. - Newbury, better known from the city part as Newburyport, is a very old settlement, and the list of the most numerous family names, as interpreted from Coffin's "Newbury," from 1635 to 1700, contains those of Aver, Badger, Bailey, Bartlett, Brown, Chase, Cheney, Clark, Coffin, Davis. Dole, Dummer, Emery, Goodridge, Greenleaf, Hale, Ilsley, Kelley, Knight, Kent, Lowell, Lunt, ]\[arch, Merrill, Moody, Morse, Noyes, Ordway, Pettingell, Pike, Pillsbury, Poore, Plummer, Rolfe, Somerby, Swett, TitccMiib, Topl)an, Wheeler and Woodman. Whether these names were continued in the same proportion in the eighteenth century is a matter of doubt, in the absence of printed vital records. Toore's "Merrimac \^alley Researches" may furnish sufficient names to form a ])artial substitute.

(ii.oucE.STER. - Authority: Babson's "History of Gloucester." Numerous family names in (iloucester have been those of Andrews, liabson. Bennett, Bray, Brown, Chandler, Collins, Davis. Day, Ellery, Elwell, Eveleth, Gardner. ( iiddings. Harraden. Haskell, Ingersoll. Lane, Low. Lufkin, Millet. Norwood, Parsons, Pool, Riggs, Robinson, Sargent, Sawyer, Smith, Somes, Stanwood, Stevens, Tarr, A\'hite, \\'itham, \\'oodbury, York.

An DOVER. - This historic old town, originally embracing the present towns of Andover and .\orth Andover, and the south portion of the city of Lawrence, was first settled in the northerly part, now North Andover, where the first meeting-house of the town was built near the old burying gi-ound there, and here the larger number of the inhabitants dwelt for several years after the first settlement of the town as a whole. By 1707, however, it was found that the bulk of the population had changed to the southerly part, and so a new meeting-house, then needed, was planned to be built in that part. The agitation resulted in two ])arishes being formed, one being the North and the other the South Precinct of the town, and two meeting places for the religious societies of that day were built. Thus the town of Cochichewick, its name when it became a part of the county of Essex in 1643, became eventually to be known as Andover, the southerly part especially being noted as an intellectual centre the world over. In this parish there were between the years 171 1 and 1809 the number of 3592 baptisms, or eightyninetieths infant baptisms. From the "Historical Manual of the South Church in Andover," published in 1859, which appears to be the principal authority on the subject of the size of families in general, are taken the following names, which appear to be those most numerously represented in the town itself: Abbot, Blanchard, Chandler, Dane, Foster, Holt, Johnson, Lovejoy, Osgood, Phelps, Russell^ Stevens and Wardwell. In 1859 the name of Abbot preponderates. The publication of the vital records of Andover was begun in the newspapers several years ago.

The original eight towns of Suffolk county in 1643 were Boston, Roxbury, Dorchester, Dedham, Braintree, Weymouth, Hingham, Hull. Omitting Boston, Roxbury and Dorchester, all now parts of the one city of Boston, we have left Dedham, Braintree, Weymouth, now parts of the new county of Norfolk, and Flingham and Hull, now parts of the present county of Plymouth.

supervision of Don Gleason Hill, town clerk. The most numerously represented names on these records are Allen (Allin, Alleyne), Bacon, Baker, Battle, Bullard, Chickering, Clapp, Clark, Colburn, Dean, Draper, Eaton, Ellis, Everett, Fairbanks, Fales (and Vales), Farrington, Fisher, Fuller, Gay, Guild, Hawes, Herring, Holmes, Kingsbury, Lewis, A^Tason, JMetcalf, Morse, Newell, Onion, Pond, Rhoads, Richards, Smith (and Smyth), Sumner, Weatherbee, White, Whiting, and Wight.

Braintree. - The vital records of this town have been published through the efforts of a citizen. Authority : "Records of the Town of Braintree, 1640 to 1793," edited by Samuel A. Bates. The families most numerously represented in the index to the vital records of births as printed in this work are Adams, Allen, Bass, Belcher, Copeland, Faxon, French, Hayden, Hayward, Niles, Spear, Thayer, Veazie, Wales, and Webb.

Weymouth. - Authority: Nash, "Historical Sketch of the Town of Weymouth." The increase in population in the town of Weymouth was small for its first century - about 1000 being the estimate for 1643. About 1675 an official estimate sets the number of houses in round numbers at 250; which allowing five persons to a house would give a population of 1250. In 1750 the estimate was 1200. A census of 1765 showed 1258; 1776, indicated 1471 ; and in 1790 a declension to 1469. In 1800 it had gained, the total being 1803. The more numerously represented names in Mr. Nash's lists are Bates, Bayley, Beals, Bicknell, Blanchard, Burrell, Cushing, French, Holbrook, Humphrey, Hunt, Loud, Lovell, Nash, Porter, Pratt, Reed, Richards, Shaw, Smith, Thacher, Thayer Thomas, Tirrell, Torrey, Tufts, Vining, White, Whitmarsh.

In 1643 the county called Norfolk embraced six towns, four of which afterwards became a part of New Hampshire, and two remained a part of present Essex county. These two were Salisbury and Haverhill.

Salisbury.- - Authority: Hoyt, "Old Families of Salisbury and Amesbury." The names noticed to the greatest extent in this book may show v»'ith accuracy those families most numerously represented, certainly before 1700. Among these are the names of Allen, Ayer or Ayers, Bailey or Bayley, Barnard, Bartlett, Blaisdell, Bradbury, Brown. Buswell, Carr, Chase, Clement, Colby. Currier, Davis, Dow, Eastman, Eaton, Fowler, French, Greenleaf,

Haverhill. - In this city the names of Ayer, Chase, Emerson, Johnson, Marsh, Page, Sargent or Sargeant, Webster and Whittier appear to be among those most numerously represnted. Badger, Bartlett, Bradley, Brickett. Brown, Chase, Cogswell, Corliss, Duncan, Emerson, How, Johnson, Marsh. Saltonstall and White are among the more prominent names.

Justices Of The Peace

Of the civil officers in the provincial period the justices of the peace were elected more generally perhaps than any other from the mass of the common people. As a class they represent the more active and intelligent members of the country districts. There were very few regular lawyers then, and their places were taken in cases of necessity by average citizens. Between 1692 and 1774. therefore, the honor attached to this office was far greater than that attached to it now. In the single instance cited the county of Essex is selected, and the names are taken from Whitmore's "Civil List." As presented, the year preceding the surname shows the first time that name was mentioned.

A few of the above named were judges : Samuel Appleton, one of the earliest appointed, was born in England and resided in Ipswich, and held office till his death in 1696. He was a military man of considerable note, and commanded one of the com])anies engaged in 1675 in the desperate Narragansett fight, liartholomew (ledney. of Salem, was a physician, born in 1640 and died in 1699. John Hathorne, of Salem, was born in 1641 ; he continued in office until his resignation in 1712, and died in 1717. He was appointed to the superior court. Jonathan Corwin, or Curwin, of Salem, was born in 1640. and died in office, 1718. i fe was a])pointed to the superior court 1715. William lirowne died while in oftice i7i(). He was succeeded by his son Samuel P.rown, who continued until his <Ieath in 1731. Daniel Peirce, or Pierce, appointed in 1698. held his position until liis death. 1704. A man of greater note than most of the ])receding was Nathaniel Saltonstall, of Haverhill, who was graduated at Harvard 1659. He resigned from the position of judge in 1692, because of his distaste for the witchcraft trials. "He was not bred to the law, but he was a man of strong mind and .sound .sense" - not influenced by bigotry and fanaticism. He died in 1707. aged about ()8. He was appointed judge of the inferior court of common jileas for Essex in 1702, and held the office till his death about five years afterward. (For a full notice of his life, see Sibley, Harv. Grad., vol. ii.).

John Appleton, appointed 1704, was also judge of probate after 1732, which office he held until his death in 1739. He was a nephew of Samuel Appleton. Thomas Noyes, appointed 1707,- died, when very old, in 1730. John Higgin.son. appinted 1708, was a mer- chant. He held office until his death in 1720. John Burrill, of Lynn, for ten years speaker of the house of representatives, was appointed in 1720, but died in 1721. Josiah Wolcott, appointed in 1722, was a Salem merchant, and died in office, 1729. Timothy Lindall, appointed in 1729. was a graduate of Harvard College in 1695, and at one time speaker of the house of representatives (1720). He held his seat as judge until 1754, and died in 1760. John Wainwright. appointed 1729, graduate at Harvard 1709, was a merchant of Ipswich, and died in office, 1739. Theophilus Burrill ( a nephew of John Burrill ) was appointed in 1733. and died in office 1737. Thomas Berry, appointed 1733, was a graduate of Harvard 1712, and died in office 1756. H^e was a native of Boston, and a physician of Ipswich. He was also judge of probate for Essex county, 1739-1756. Benjamin Marston, appointed 1739, was a graduate of Harvard 171 5, and also sheriff; he was a resident of Salem and afterwards of Manchester. He died while holding the office of a judge, in 1754, aged 57.

Benjamin Lynde, Jr., appointed 1739. was a graduate of Harvard in 1718; son of Judge Benjamin Lynde. He was not a lawyer when ajipointed. He was appointed to the bench of the superior court. He resigned in 1772 and became judge of probate, which office he held when he died in 1781. His father was a graduate of Harvard in 1686, and studied law in London, and was the first regularly educated lawyer appointed to the bench in Massachusetts; the father died in 1745, aged 78. He married his wife in Salem, where he had removed from Boston. He was a barrister or advocate and judge of the superior cfHU't 1712, and chief-justice from 1728 till his death. (Sibley, Harv. Grad. iii. 356).

John Choate, appointed 1746, was of Ipswich, became chief-justice, and died while in office, 1766. Henry Gibbs, appointed 1754. died in office, 1759. He was a graduate of Harvard in 1726, and a Salem merchant. John Tasker, appointed 1754. was of ]\Iarblehead ; and died in office in 1761. Benjamin Pickman, appointed 1756, held office till 1 761. He was a Salem merchant, and died in 1774. Caleb Cushing, appointed 1759, became chief-justice after the Revolution. He was of Salisbury. Stephen Higginson. appointed 1761. died 1761, aged 45. Nathaniel Ropes, appointed 176 1, was a graduate of Harvard in 1745, and judge of ])robate ; died 1774. Andrew Oliver, appointed 1761, graduated at Harvard 1749. He held office until the Revolution and dieci in 1799. William IJourn, of Marblehead, appointed 1766, was a graduate of Harvard 1743, and died 1770, aged 47. William Browne, appointed 1770; died in England, 1802. He was a graduate of Harvard, 1755. He was a Loyalist and was made governor of Bermuda, 1781. Peter Frye, of Andover, appointed 1772, graduate of Harvard, 1744, held office till 1775, and died in England, 1820.

Essex county also claims among the judges of the Superior Court of Judicature, from 1692 to 1774, the following: Samuel Sewall, John Hathorne, Jonathan Corwin, Benjamin Lynde(ist), Benjamin Lynde (2d), Nathaniel Ropes, and William Browne. Stephen Sewall, of Salem, graduate at Harvard, 1721 ; was ap])ointed in 1739, was chief justice, and died 1760. Samuel White, of Haverhill, graduated at Harvard, 1731. was a special justice, 1758, relative to will of Governor Bellingham. Richard Saltonstall, of Haverhill, graduated at Harvard, 1722, was a]:)pointed judge in 1736, and held his seat until his death in 1756. I'.efore the Revolutionary War very few of the incumbents of this office were educated in the law, and to that time only four judges in the higher court were lawyers. These were Benjamin Lynde, the first of the two Lyndes, Paul Dudley. Edmund Trowbridge, and W^illiam Cushing. Few regular practitioners found their way here from across the sea. There was a prejudice against lawyers at that time among the New England people. The laws of the colony and province were based on the model made abroad by skilful English lawyers, and of themselves were well enough; but in unskilled hands here were often improperly administrated.

Among later judges of the higher court were Samuel Sewall, of Marblehead, a graduate of tiarvard, 1776, member of congress, 1797- 1800; later a chief-justice, 1813, who died in the following year at Wiscasset, Maine, 1814; Theophilus Bradbury, of Newbury, a graduate of Harvard, 1757, member of congress, died 1803, whose fame belongs mostly to the District of Maine.

There were five barristers or advocates in the province in 1768, viz. : Daniel Farnham. graduate at Harvard College in 1739. studied law with Edmund Trowbridge, liegan practice in Newburyport, became eminent ; held military office, was a loyalist, and died in 1776. William Pynchon, of Salem, graduated Harvard College in 1743, was a native of S]iringtield, became a law^'er and a judge, and died

1789. John Cliipnian, graduated at Harvard in 1738, and died in 1768. Nathaniel Peaslee Sargeant graduated at Harvard in 1750, ])racticed law in Haverhill. Jn 1776 was appointed judge, and in 1789 chief justice, holding the place until his death. 1791. John r.owell, graduated at Harvard, 1760. was afterwards of Boston, memher of congress, judge of Court of Admiralty, etc., died 1802. Another distinguished lawyer of this period was Tristram Dalton, who graduated at Harvard, 1755, studied law in Salem, was representative from Newburyport, speaker of the house and member of the state senate; United States senator, 1789-91, the first congress after the adoption of the constitution. He died in Boston, 18 1 7.

Rufus Choate

In a county composed of many great men there is probably no man among them all of greater intellectual reputation than the great lawyer, Rufus Choate. He was born on Hog Island, in the town of Essex. October i, 1799. and died at Halifax, Nova Scotia, July 13. 1859. He began his studies with several clergymen in succession, and was afterwards at Hampton Academy and at Dartmouth College, where he was graduated in 1819. 1 Icthen studied law in the office of William Wirt, at Washington, and at the Dane Law School at Cambridge, and was admitted to the Essex bar at Salem in 1823. He began jiractice in* Dan vers, where he remained and in Salem, until 1834. He was state representative in 1825, state senator in 1827, and member of congress from 1832 to 1834, in which year he removed to I Boston. In 1841 he succeeded Daniel Webster in the L'nitcd States Senate. In 1853 he succeeded John H. Clittord as attorney-general of Alassachusetts. In 1858. in consequence of ill health, he gave up professional labor, and in 1859 saileil for Europe. At that time the steamer on which he sailed touched at Halifax. On reaching that port he was too feeble to proceed, and landing there, his death occurred in that city.

After the death of Mr. Webster in 1852 he was universally regarded as the head of the bar in Massachusetts. As in legislative fields he seemed out of his element, so, in the dominion of the law, he was supreme. An orator of the first class, his greatest forensic efforts were before juries, and nothing ever exceeded in interest the exhibitions of logic and eloquence which he exhibited before a jury. r>oys would ])lay truant from school to go and hear him. The traditions of his power to sway a jury were permanent in the memory of many who had heard him. He was a man of large frame, broad shoulders, and upright figure, surrounded by a head and face which it is as impossible to describe, as one has said, as "the flash of the lightning in the cloud or the aurora in the sky."

He was in his procedure all activity, alertness, swiftness, and grace. He was much beloved by his fellow members of the bar. He had an office and residence in Salem from 1828 to 1834. He could trace his ancestry to one John Choate, an immigrant from England, who settled in a part of Ipswich, afterwards a separate towti by the name of Essex, and whose son Thomas settled on Hog Island, a ])art of Essex, whose son, known as Colonel John, born in 1697, died in 1766. This Colonel John was at one time elected speaker of the general court, and his brother Francis, born in 1701, and died in 1777, was the father of William, the father of David Choate, born upon I log Island, who was the father of Rufus. David Choate had no children by a first wife, but by a second wife. Miriam, daughter of Captain Aaron Foster, he had two daughters and four sons, one of whom was l\ufus. One of the brothers of Rufus Choate was Washington Choate. born 1803, died 1822, while a member of the junior class in Dartmouth College. Rufus s])ent his boyhood by the sea, and his most brilliant and beautiful lecture, "'The Romance of the Sea" - in which he had incorporated much that he had seen and thought of about the ocean, its wonders and its mysteries - was lost or stolen after its delivery in New York, and never rea])peared. His father died when Rufus was only eight years old, and his mother died in 1853, ^^ ^'^c age of eighty-one. His early surroundings were i)leasant and wholesome, and many passages in his orations were descri|)tivc of the scenery of Ipswich and its vicinity, with wdiich hs youth was familiar. He early disclosed an absorbing devotion to reading, and the mature character of what he read in the few solid books then at his command, would now be considered remarkable. Before he was ten. he had pretty nearly exhausted the heavy histories of the village library.

When in college, afterwards, he would read a chaiJier of tb.e Bible just before retiring, and on waking in the morning could repeat it correctly. At the age of ten he commenced the study of Latin, and he graduated from

It is not our intention here to present more than the salient features of Mr. Choate's life, with the object of calling his eminence to the attention of the present generation. He was married March 29, 1825, to Helen Olcott. by whom he had seven children. She was the daughter of Mills Olcott, Esq., a lawyer of Hanover, New Hampshire. Her death occurred December 8, 1864.

One of his biographers says: "He threw himself with as much enthusiasm into a trial before a countr}^ justice in a shoemaker's shop as if it were before the Supreme Court. He magnified every litigation, and each litigant, magistrate, and juryman. He never hesitated to pour out all his wealth of imagery, the profusion of his classical allusions, and all the exuberance of his rhetoric upon trival occasions and before an illiterate audience. Certain it is that, as the years went on, the appearance of Choate in any cause, under any circumstances, was the signal for thronged court rooms by audiences lifted high and still higher upon the lofty and ever renewed flights of winged eloquence. It is not necessary to go farther with details. Such as Mr. Choate's life had been, it continued till, as was inevitable, his health broke down finally in the early summer of 1859. Determining to pass the season in England, he sailed from Boston. June 29, 1859 ; but, becoming worse, he left the ship at Halifax, where he died July 13, not yet sixty years old, worn out."

Authorities: For authorities on the life and career of Rufus Choate consult "The Life of Rufus Choate," by Professor Samuel Gilman Brown. Edward G. Parker published a volume of "Reminiscences." Edwin P. Whipple wrote much and discriminately of Choate. James T. Fields and others have done likewise in either essays or lectures. A comprehensive sketch of his life, by the Hon. John B. D. Cogswell, was published in the "Memorial Biographies" of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, vol. iii, pp. 383-

Ancestry. - John Choate ( i ) , baptized at Groton, Bedford, Colchester, England, June 6, 1624, died at Chebacco, Ipswich, Massachusetts, December 4, 1695. son of Robert and Sarah Choate. His wife Anne died at Chebacco, February 16, 1727. Children: i. John, born June 15, 1661, died July 17, 1733, married first, July 7, 1684, Elizabeth Graves; married second. May 19, 1690, a\Irs. Elizabeth Ciiddings; married, third, July 27, 1723, Mrs. Sarah Perkins, who died November 19, 1728; and married fourth, Mrs. Prudence Marshall, who died June 9, 1732. 2. Margaret, died h^bruary 28, 1692, married Abraham Fitts. 3. Samuel, died about 1713, married Mary \V'illiams of Roxbury, Massachusetts; she married second, 1716, Samuel Story of Ipswich. 4. Mary, born August 16, 1666; died ]3rior to 1691. 5. Thomas; see forward. 6. Sarah; married April 13, 1693, Jol''Ji Burnham of Ipswich. 7. Joseph; married Rebecca. 8. Pjenjamin ; died November 26, 1753, married June 12, 1707, Abigail Burnham. ( H. C.

(II) Thomas Choate. son of John Choate ( 1 ), born at Chebacco, Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1671, died March 3, 1745; married first, 1690, Mary Varney, daughter of Thomas and Abigail (Proctor) Varney, of Ipswich, who died November 19. 1733; married second, September 24, 1734, Mrs. Mary Calef, widow of Doctor Joseph Calef; married third, November 9, 1743, Mrs. Hannah Burnham, who died October 2, 1782. He was representative to the General Court i723-'24-'25-'27. Children: 1. Anne, born May 22, 1691, died August 15, 1759, married October 21, 1710, John lUirnham. 2. Thomas, born June 7, 1693, died August 22, 1774; married first, Elizabeth l^>urnham; married second, October 31, 1738. Afrs. Sarah Marshall; married third, Mrs. Rachel (Riggs) Lufkin. 3. Mary, born March 18, 1695, died March 6, 1767, married December, 1716, Parker Dodge, of Ipswich. 4. John, born July 25, 1697, died December 17, 1765, married March 3, 171 7, Meriam Pool. 5. Abigail, born October 20, 1699, married (published November 27. 1720) John Boardman, of Ipswich. 6. Francis, born September 13. 1701 ; see forward. 7. Rachel, born November 18. 1703, died March 15, 1783; married fir.ct. January 16, 1724, Joseph Rust, who died February 3, 1734; married second, March 2. 1737, Isaac Martin. 8. Ebenezer. born March 10, 1706. married September 3. 1730, Elizabeth Greenleaf. 9. Sarah, born July 24, 1708, married Reverend Amos Cheever.

(HI) Francis Choate, son of Thomas Choate (2), born at Chebacco, Ipswich, Massachusetts, September 13, 1701, died there October 15, 1777; married April 13, 1727, Hannah Perkins, born at Boston, Massachusetts, April 4. 1708. died October 2. 1778. daughter

( \y ) William Choate, .son of I'rancis Choate (3), born at Chebacco. Ipswich, Massachusetts, September 5. 1730, died there. April 23, 1785; married Januar\- 16. 1756, ^[ary Ciddings. born March 27. 1732, died Noveml)er 1. 1810, daughter of Jnl) and Margaret (Low) (iiddings; sea cajjtain : schoolmaster. Children: i. William, born ( )ctober 18, \/S^k died November, 1756. 2. David, born November 2(). 1757: see forward. 3. William, born August 10, 1759, died January. 1835; niarried August k;. 1784, Susannah Choate. daughter of Hum])hrcy and Ruth (Eufkin) Choate. 4. (ieorge, l)orn February 24. 1762, died February 8, 1826; married January i, 1789, Susanna Choate. daughter of Stephen and Mary (Low) Choate. 5. ^Margaret, born March 18, 1764; married May 2-^, 1786, John Crocker, junior. (). job, born March i. \/f->(). died December, 1813; married first, .\pril, 1797. Lydia Christophers; married second Margaret Adams. 7. Mary, born November 17. 1767, died January. 1852: married October 6, 1791. Thomas I'aker. 8. Hannah, born November 20, 1770, died March 5. 1810: married January 10. 1793. Samuel Smith. 9. Sarah, born September 26, 1772. died December 26. 1801. 10. Lydia, born September 24. 1774, died December 14. T839; married February 19, 1801, John Perkins.

(A) David Choate, son of William Choate (4). born at Chebacco, Ipswich, Massachusetts, November 29. 1757, died March 26, 1808; married first, June 24. 1784, Mary Cogswell, born December 19, 1760. died .August 21. 1784. daughter of Jonathan and Mary ( Appleton ) Cogswell; married second. October 15. 1791, Miriam Foster, born November 28. 1771. died January 14, 1853, daughter of

Captain Aaron and Ruth ( Low ) Foster, of Ipswich; school teacher, tie served in the Revolutionary War, went to sea, to Havana, and Cadiz. Children: i. Polly, born October 3, 1792. died March 29. 1855, married November 28. 1 81 3, Doctor Thomas Sewall. 2. Hannah, born August 12, 1794, died February 9, 1837: married September 2, 1822. Reverend Robert Crowell. 3. David, born November 29. 1796, died December 17, 1872; married January 14. 1828. Elizabeth Wade. 4. Hon. Rufus. b(irn October i. 1799; see forward. 5. Washington, born January 17. 1803, died Februar}- 2/. 1822. 6. Job, born December 25. i8or). died March 10. 1808.

(\'l) Honorable Rufus Choate, son of David Choate (5), born at Chebacco. li)swich. now Essex. Essex county, Massachusetts. October T, 1799. died at Halifax. Nova Scotia, July 13. 1859; married at Hanover. New llam])shire. March 29. 1825, Helen Olcott, born at Hanover. New Ham])shire. March 29, 1804, died at Dorchester, Massachusctls, December 8, 1864., daughter of Mills and Sarah ( Port' r ) Olcott." Children: 1. Catheritie r.ell. ]);.rn May 26, 1826, died .May 24. 1830. 2. Infant, born October 25. 1828; died same (lav. 3. Helen Olcott, born May 2, 1830; married [ime 2, 1852, Joseph Mills I'.ell, of Boston. Massachusetts. 4. Sarah I'.lake. Ijorn Deceml'cr 15. 1831, died March 11. 1875. 5. Rufus, born .\la\- 14, 1834. died January 15. 1866. (>. Miriam I'oster. born October 2, 1835: married September 2^, 1856, Edward Fllcrton Pratt, of Boston, Massachusetts. 7. Caroline, born Seiitember 15, ^i^^^J. died December 12, 1840.

Timothy Pick I'.R Ixc

.Man\- local ch.aracter> in ICssex ctjunty have been famous in their day and generation, and ]X'rhap> none more so at the time of the .American Revolution than Lion. Timothy Pickering. He was born in Salen-i July 17. 1745, and died in his native city. Jai.iiary 29, 1829. He was graduated from Harvard College in 1763. was admitted to the bar in 1768. received a degree from New Jer.sey College in 1798; commanded a militia regiment at the beginning of the Revolution, held the office of afljutant-general of the army in 1777, and that of (luartermaster-general in 1780. After the

*"The Porter Genealogy." P- 285. calls MilLs Olcott "Honorable." Sarah Porter, wife of Mills Olcott. was a daughter of Asa Porter, by his wife Mehitable (Crocker). A^sl Porter was a loyalist. (See Sabine, p. 198.) H. C. 1762. The line of A.'ia is .lolin (1), Samuel (2). .John (3). Benjamin (4), Mo.ses (5), Asa (6).

Revolulionary war he settled in I'ennsylvania, and between 1791 and 1800 was postmastergeneral of the United States, and secretary of war and secretary of state. He returned to Salem, in 1801, and was afterwards chief justice of the Essex County court of common pleas, United States senator from 1803 to 181 1, and a representative in Congress from 181 5 to 1817. His portrait by Stuart, at the age of sixty-three, shows a man of a strong face, indicative of a firm will. He was the father of the famous scholar, John Pickering ( 1 777- 1 846) ^author of the Greek and English Lexicon bearing his name. This was the first Greek lexicon with definitions in English, and not Eatin.

TinKjthy Pickering was conspicuous for the force and dignity of his character. Erom 1774 when the first colonial legislature assembled in Salem, Pickering politically was at the centre of events that preceded and included the Revolution. Eminent as he was in public life, he was but one in a group of professional and business men of rare ability and great attainments. He was associated in his native city with educated men who were not only familiar with affairs in their own country, but also were at home in foreign lands, having much of the culture gained by travel after the usual course of education was finished. They were not provincial in the narrow sense.

It is remembered of Timothy Pickering that he was near-sighted and wore glasses at a period in the history of the country when such articles were uncommon, and near-sighted people having no glasses were relegated to the limbo of old age and to the realms of premature uselessness. At home he was president of the county agricultural society and one of the school committee. About 1770 he published a manual of military tactics which he used in drill service before the breaking out of the following war and which he applied later in a critical way to the instruction of officers superior to him in rank as the war progressed. He published an exhaustive letter on the "Conduct of the American Ciovernment towards Great liritain and Erance/" and a "Review of the Correspondence between President John Adams and W. Cunningham," besides other papers connected with his varied official service. The late George P)ailey Loring says of him : "Colonel Pickering was not only governed by a high sense of duty throughout his long career, and by strong convictions, but he also expressed himself in a nervous, vigorous style, and in controversial corres])ondence was a most formidable foe. To no man is this country more indebted for its independent nationality and the strength of its institutions. He performed his service with such fearlessness and honesty that he w^as at times placed on the defensive ; but he now stands in the front rank of the great and pure men of the Revolutionary and Constitutional period in our history. In a literary point of view, he has left for the imitation of those statesmen wdio come after him a clear and impressive style and great power of statement."

He is sometimes criticized for his marching from Salem, with his regiment of three hundred men, on April 19, 1775, in pursuit of the Iiritish troops retreating from Lexington, and failing to come up with them near Charlestown, from which he threatened to cut oiif their retreat. An observer on Prospect Hill, in ])resent Somerville, saw Colonel Pickering's regiment on the top of Winter Hill, nearby, and the enemy being very near in Charlestown road. And \\'ashington wrote: "Eor they (the British) had not arrived in Charlestown, under cover of their ships, half an hour, before a powerful body of men from Marblehead and Salem was at their heels, and must, if they had happened to be up one hour sooner, inevitably have intercei:)ted their retreat to Charlestown."*

1657, John Deacon, and died August 8, 1662. According to the Aspinwall Notarial Records, under date of 1650, John Pickering of Salem owned a house near the Newgate in Coven-

*On February 13, 1775, he wa.s elected colonel of the First Regiment of Es.sex county militia, and received his commission froin the royal government. He held tliis office sometime after lie had joined the army of the United States in 1777. It is generally umlerstood that he was present at the North Bridg-e when Colonel Leslie attempted to capture the cannon that were stored on the North Field. Salem; and the accounts of the affair printed in the ''Essex Gazette" have been attributed to him.

April 19, 177,5. he led his regiment to assist the colonists on that eventful day. but arrived too late. The affray at Lexington had alieady taken place, and the British were on theii' return to Boston, when Colonel Pickering and his men reached Medford. Colonel Pickering's behavior on this occasion has been the subject of adverse criticism; but a careful inquiry into the facts shows clearly that his conduct was all that could be desired from a brave and careful officer, December 5, 1776, ne collected a regiment of seven hundred men, who marched under his command, and went through the campaign in New York and New Jersey. The campaign ended April 1, 1777.

Colonel Pickering's reputation and his frequent visits at headquarters made so favorable impression on General W^ashington that he wrote him an urgent letter dated March 30, 1777, offering him the ]jost of adjutant-general, which he declined at first, but afterwards accepted.

Boston And Eastern' Massachusetts

tr\-. count}' Warwick. Englainl. which leads to the behef that he came from there or near there. Children: i. John; see forward. 2. Jonathan; died 1729. married ]\Iarch 19, 1665, Jane Cromwell. 3. Elizabeth, baptized March

(II) John [Mckering, son of John Pickering (I), l)orn at Salem Massachusetts. 1637. died May 5, 1694, married Alice (Flint) Bullock, widow of Henry l>ullock. Junior, and daughter of William and Alice Flint. He was a lieutenant in Captain Samuel Appleton's company in i'")75-6, and under Captain ]\Ioseley went to the rescue of Captain Lathrop's com])any at lUood}' Brook, 1675. Children:

II, 1670-1: married June i<^, 1695, Hannah llrowiK. 8. I'^lizabeth, born Sejitember 7, K)74: married tirsl. brfore 1696, .Samuel .Nichols ; married second, I'ebruarv 22, 1698-9, James Browne. (;. Ilannah, born July 2, 1677, died before July 2(), 1714: married first, Daniel King: married second. 1701, Nathaniel Beadle: married third, ( )ctober 29, 1706, Richard Palmer.

Theophilus Parsons Boston And Eastern Massach13Etts

neiit citizen of Essex county. Massachusetts, and bom at Uyfield. Eebruary 24, 1750, son of Moses ['arsons, a settled minister in that ])lace. He died at Boston, October 30, 1813.

He was a student at Dummer Academy, and graduated at Harvard College in 1769. After graduation he taught a grammar school at Falmouth, now Portland, Maine. He was an insatiable student, and when not otherwise occupied studied law in the office of a celel)rated practitioner at Falmouth, where he himself was admitted to the bar in 1774. During the following year Falmouth was destroyed by British ships of war, and Mr. Parsons returned to his home in Byfield. P)Ut here he found Judge Edmund Trowbridge, of Cambridge, who, through the exigencies of the war, was stopping at Mr. Parsons's Iiouse. Mr. Trowbridge was regarded as the most learned lawyer of his time in New England, and Mr. Parsons, at once, became his l)U]ii], while the former remained in Byfield. Mr. Parsons profited by this golden opportunity. The formation of a constitution, about the time of the Declaration of Independence, became a matter of much moment to many of the colonies, which were just about to become states, and Mr. Parsons interested himself in this (|uestion with his usual ability. He, at first, objected to the quality of the constitution ofi'ered, at this early period, and he was sustained by the warm sympathy of excellent men. A meeting was held in his county setting forth their objections, which were published under the name of the "Essex Result." This ])amphlet was written by Mr. Parsons. This was an early encounter with a great (juestion, which was settled later, but not without op])osition. It was not without certain amendments, called in that day. "conciliatory resolutions." written by Mr, Parsons, that the constitution was adopted, and the country saved.

Mr. Parsons had by this time become a resident of Newburyport. In 1800, however, he removed to Boston. In 1806 he was invited to become the chief-justice of the state, and having acce])ted held the office till his death. He was married, January 13, 1780, to Elizabeth, daughter of Judge Benjamin Greenleaf, of Newbury.