Eastham Town (part 7 of 9)

"The captain's name was Metcalf," said Mr. Higgins, "and my son, Edward Metcalf Higgins, is named after him. An ordinary seaman's pay then was $11 a month. Mine was $5, but on the next voyage they raised it to $9. In parts it was a rough voyage and there was more of adventure and experience in it than of profit or enjoyment. Our experiences were about the same as those described in Dana's 'Two Years Before the Mast.'

"We had a flogging on board too, hke the one Dana describes. The second mate was reduced from his position for some offense or neglect and sent forward to the forecastle. That made him angry and that night he struck the captain. Next day he was seized up and the captain himself put it on with a rope's end till the second mate's back was covered with blood. It was a good flogging and the man well deserved it.

"On our return round the Horn we met with continuous gales and our bulwarks were stove in; but you'll find all that kind of thing in Dana, - I like to read him. We had some fatalities, too. Here is the record of one: 'Friday, May 30. - ^This day commenced with sending up a fore topgallant mast and a dear mast. The cabin boy fell from the topgaUant mast and was instantly killed. At noon the next day his body was committed to the deep.'

"Early in July, 1845," continued Mr. Higgins, "we arrived in New York and I remember the first news we heard was that Gen. Jackson was dead. In 1849 I made a second voyage roimd the Horn. Twelve of us owned the brig Achilles, 120 tons. We were our own sailors and one of our number, an experienced salt named Crosby, was elected captain. We visited nearly every port from Cape Horn to the Columbia river. At that time I went to Portland, Ore., which then consisted of only one plastered house and some log cabins, and I was there when the first number of The Oregonian was published. I saw the Indians hanged that murdered the WTaitcomb family in the summer of 1850. About then the steamer Lot Whitcomh was built on the Willamette river; it was considered at that time a great enterprise and achievement.

"From Portland I went in 1852 on horseback to the California mines. The country was full of Indians and there were only six of us in the party, but we got through all right. I spent that summer in Wyreka, Northern California, digging for gold. I still have some of the gold I got, but my luck was nothing extra at the diggings. The late Philip D. Armour was also there at the time, in hunt for fortune. I went back to Oregon and from there to China and was at Hongkong when the United States fleet under Perry was there in connection with maldng a treaty vAXh Japan which would open the ports of that country to the world, - there being up to that time but one small Japanese port open, and only to the Dutch."

"AMien I came to Chicago," said Mr. Higgins, "the board of trade was a small concern indeed. The initiation fee was $5 and the annual fee $5 and the directors gave us daily free lunch of crackers, cheese and ale to induce us to attend. In 1868 the late Benjamin Peters Hutchinson, once king of the pits, and myself were the first to build packing houses at the Union stockyards. Some of the old traders, such as Hancock, Culbertson and Blair, called us remarkable fools for doing such a thing, but the next year Bottsford followed our example and B. F. Murphy the year after. So we founded Packingtown."

For fifty years Mr. Higgins was a member of the Chicago Board of Trade. In 1903 he was the chief living pioneer-builder of the vast and unequaled provision trade of Chicago. He was a man of great physical and mental power, extraordinary firmness, and indomitable will, tempered with kindness and a touch of humor.

John A. Higgins early went to sea. The vessel on which he was a sailor was wrecked on a reef off the Mauritian group of islands and every one on board was drowned but himself. The natives received him with kindness and hospitahty and on the death of their native monarch they made Higgins their king. He married a native maiden and for many years lived happily in royal state under the palm trees. He at length fell in battle with a hostile tribe. His two sons were well educated and corresponded with their uncle, George W. Higgins of Chicago.

792. SETH^ HIGGINS (Seneca\ Setk\ Nathan\ Simeon\ SamueP, Benjamin^, Richard^), born June 28, 1836; died Oct. 28, 1882, at Danvers, Mass.; married Dec. 15, 1859, Rebecca F. Rogers, daughter of Eleazer Rogers.

793. THOMAS^ HIGGINS {Seneca\ Seth\ Nathan\ Simeon\ SamueP, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Sept. 20, 1838; died at Orleans, March 18, 1914; married Nov. 15, 1865, Abbie G. Eldredge of Chatham, daughter of Gorham and Mary Eldredge.

799. JOHN HENRYS HIGGINS (Reuben', Reuhen\ Philip^ Thomas'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Jan. 22, 1824, at Brunswick, Maine; died Aug. 7, 1897, at Sebec, Maine; married Susannah Cross of Barnard, Maine.

iv. Rachel Ann, b. July, 1850; married Elbridge Perkins of New Brunswick, Canada. Children: Bert Perkins, b. November, 1873; married Hattie Harriman of Searsport, Maine, and had Eunice, b. Nov. 8, 1905; Ethel, b. August, 1907, at Milo, Maine; E. Wellington, b. Nov. 16, 1908; Mabel Perkins, b. December, 1882; married Roscoe Nichols of Skowhegan, Maine, and had Audrey, b. October, 1907; Wilbur, b. September, 1911; Ada Perkins, b. x\pril, 1886.

WiUiam S. Higgins attended schools at Bath until he was seventeen years of age, and then like most Bath boys in those days went to sea. He commanded ships in the Pacific and India trade for twenty years, but for the past thirty-three years has been located in Bangor, Maine, in the lumber business. His son, Walter Storey Higgins, is associated with him.

805. BARNABAS COLE^ HIGGINS {Thomas', Thomas\ Thomas^, Thomas'^, Thomas^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born June 9, 1850; married May 15, 1872, Lydia Sophia Hopps, daughter of Eleazer and (Maloney) Hopps.

807. ROBERT EMERY^ HIGGINS {Noah Sweti', Thomas^ Thomas'^, Thomas'^, Thomas^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born March 5, 1835; married Jan. 14, 1857, Jerusha A. Atwood, born Aug. 21, 1836; daughter of Thomas Atwood.

808. RICHARD RICH^ HIGGINS (John Swetf, Thomas\ Thomas^, Thomas^, Thomas^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Feb. 19, 1830; died at Boston, Mass., April 11, 1904; married (1) Jan. 19, 1849, Emma Gertrude Drake, daughter of Jonathan and EUzabeth Drake of Rye, N. H.; married (2) July 25, 1875, Katherine O. Hutchinson, daughter of Erastus and Sarah Hutchinson of Cambridge, Mass.

Richard R. Higgins first attended school at a little old building in Cambridge Street, Boston, afterward going to the Mayhew School. In 1845 he had two years at Truro Academy, then a leading educational institution. For a year or two afterwards he was clerk in a store in Washington Street, under the oldtime Marlboro Hotel. He then entered his father's business, established in 1828 as the pioneer in Boston in the oyster and lobster trade. The father dealt in oysters at wholesale. The business rapidly developed and the two sons, John S. and Richard R. Higgins, succeeded their father, who died in 1866. They had retail oyster houses, as well as their wholesale trade. "Higgins's" in Court Street has been a famous place as the earliest oyster house in the city, and more recently known as "The place where your grandfather dined." After the death of his brother, Mr. Higgins admitted his nephew, Alfred S. Higgins, to the business, which was henceforward wholesale only. Mr. Higgins was prominent in the Masonic order and a member of the Mount Vernon Congregational Church.

of Boston, v. Emma Gertrude, b. May 8, 1876; married June 9, 1903, John Dickson Graham, son of Rev. William Graham; residence, Cambridge, Mass. Child: Rebecca, b. March 16, 1904.

vi. Caroline Bolles, b, Oct, 6, 1878; residence, Boston, Mass. vii. Ruth Freeman, b. Nov. 22, 1887; residence, Boston, Mass. viii. Rebecca Rich, b. Aug. 15, 1889; residence, Boston, Mass.

809. JOHN SWETT8 HIGGINS {John Swett\ Thomas\ Thomas^, Thomas^, Thomas^, Benjamin'^, Richard^), born Nov. 9, 1835, at Boston; died there June 1, 1880; married (1) Aug. 6, 1856, Lucetta Amanda Swan, daughter of Moses and Mary L. Swan; married (2) July 9, 1872, Susan A. Hay den, daughter of Loring and Mary C. Hay den.

John S. Higgins resided at Boston. He was in the oyster business in Boston many years, he and his brother Richard succeeding their father in 1866. They did an extensive wholesale and retail business, having plants at Norfolk, Va., Chesapeake Bay and Providence River and other places.

iii. Luhe Evelyn, b. April 15, 1873; married (1) June 4, 1897, Frank Sargent, son of George C. and Sarah E. Sargent; married (2) Sept. 4, 1902, Charles Baldwin Cushing, son of Louis Thomas and Mary Rebecca (Johnson) Cushing. Children: Ellen Virginia Sargent, b. Sept. 8, 1898, at Yokohoma, Japan; Dorothy Madehne Cushing, b. Dec. 19, 1903, at Cohasset, Mass.; Helen Barbara Cushing, b. April 9, 1907, at South Braintree, Mass.

Solomon Higgins resided at Provincetown, Mass., and was a seaman. His will, dated Nov. 20, 1858, proved April 20, 1860, mentions wife Betsey, father Barzilla Higgins, mother Abigail Higgins, but mentions no children.

813. BARZILLA FRANKLIN^ HIGGINS {Barzilla\ Solomon^, Solomon^, Thomas'^, Thomas^, Benjamin'^, Richard^), born June 13, 1833; died Nov. 14, 1861, at Cape Haytien, Hayti; married Feb. 22, 1854, Lydia L. Brooks, daughter of Cyrenus C. Brooks; she survived him and married (2) July 4, 1869, Thomas Roberts.

815. ENOS 0TT08 HIGGINS {Eli SmaW, Judah\ Samuel\ PauV^, Benjamin^, Benjamin"^, Richard^), born Oct. 28, 1853, in Orleans; died there Dec. 31, 1876; married Dec. 8, 1874, Hannah Augusta Taylor of Harwich, daughter of Hezekiah and Hannah Taylor.

Enos O. Higgins was a mariner; residence Orleans, Mass. His widow married (2) Feb. 2, 1879, Webster Rogers of Harwich, mariner. No children.

816. SPARROW^HIGGINS {Lot\ Lot\ Lot\ Benjamin\ Benjamin^, Benjamin-, Richard^), horn April 18, 1846; married Dec. 19, 1871, Abbie S. Linnell, daughter of Solomon and Abigail (Smith) Linnell.

Algernon S. Higgins was educated in the schools of Turner Village and graduated at the Lewiston Falls Academy. In 1854 he began teaching at Huntington, L. I., and has been in educational affairs all his life since. In 1864 he was called to

Portland, Maine, but remained there but one year. Going to Brooklyn, N. Y., he taught in School No. 29 for eight years; then the principalship of a larger school, School No. 9, becoming vacant, he was promoted to that position and held it for twelve years. He then resigned and became the advertising manager of a large firm in Broadway, New York, and remained with them for twelve years. During eight years of this time he was a member of the School Board and was instrumental in securing the passage of the Teachers' Retirement Act. In 1898 he retired from his connection with the firm and was elected Assistant Superintendent of the schools of Brooklyn. In this capacity he served until 1902, when, owing to the consolidation of Brooklyn into Greater New York, he was made one of the Board of Superintendents, having to do with the intellectual part of the school work. In the spring of 1906, still in good health and at his own request, he was placed on the retired list.

Mr. Higgins had original ideas in education and his first school at Huntington, N. Y., attracted much attention, the work being a forecast of the present manual training and agricultural high schools. In Brooklyn he introduced improvements in subjects and method which have since become a part of the work of all schools in New York City. He was one of the organizers of the Maine State Association of Teachers, and has since been a member of many such in State and Nation. He is high in the circles of Masonry and a member of the Montauk Club, and its secretary; also secretary of the Berkeley School for Girls in Brooklyn.

818. ROYAL GRANTS HIGGINS {Royal Granf, Israel^ Israel^, Zaccheus^, Benjamin^, Benjamin'^, Richard}), born Sept. 11, 1867, at Bar Harbor, Maine; married Feb. 21, 1894, Katherine Grant Little of Philadelphia, Penn.; daughter of Thomas Little.

Royal Grant Higgins was educated at the public schools and at the East Maine Methodist Conference Seminary at Bucksport, where he graduated. He then entered the Hahnemann Medical College at Philadelphia, Penn. He began the practice of medicine at Princeton, Ind., where he remained ten years. He then

819. THOMAS ROGERS^ HIGGINS {Solomon\ Solomon\ Solomotv', Solomon^, Benjamin^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born March 17, 1841, at Orleans, Mass.; married Feb. 4, 1866, Abbie Amelia Sparrow, born July 3, 1846, daughter of Isaac P. and Lydia F. Sparrow.

Thomas Rogers Higgins followed the sea when young. He served nine months in the Civil War, 1862-3, as a private in Co. E, 43d Regt., Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. For years he was a fish dealer in Boston, but later returned to Orleans, where he is now farming and raising eggs. He Hved for years on Dexter Street, Medford, but now divides his time between his home on Higgins Avenue, Medford, and his farm at East Orleans.

Solomon S. Higgins followed the sea when young, saiHng around the world when he was nineteen years of age, in the ship Littleton. He then engaged in the produce business in Boston. After disposing of this he became interested ^in real estate, and built many houses in Somerville and Medford, He was councilman for his ward in the city government of Somerville, Mass., in 1891-2. He served as a private for nine months in 1862-3 in Co. E, 43d Regt., Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. He deHvered several Memorial Day addresses at Harwich and elsewhere. He was on the national staff of the G.A.R. for three years. He was a member of the Central Club, Somerville.

821. EDWARD PAYSON^ HIGGINS {Solomon\ Solomon^ Solomon^, Solomon'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Oct. 29, 1847, at Orleans, Mass.; died Nov. 20, 1899, at Somerville, Mass.; married July 13, 1870, Sarah Elizabeth Nickerson of Harwich, Mass., born Nov. 19, 1849.

Edward P. Higgins was a produce dealer, with Boston as his place of business and Somerville as his residence. He was the first president of the Somerville Young Men's Christian Association, an office which he held for several years. He was a member of an orchestra, and active in musical and church affairs. In his will he bequeathed a residence to his church, the Perkins Street Baptist. No children.

822. JAMES ARTHURS HIGGINS (Solomon^ Solomon^ Solomon^, Solomon'^, Benjamin^, Benjamhi^, Richard}), born April 27, 1850; died Dec. 26, 1909, at Medford, Mass.; married July 4, 1872, Emily Mayo Rogers, born Aug. 31, 1852, daughter of Joel and Thankful Rogers.

James Arthur Higgins was for many years a farmer and produce dealer at Orleans. He then removed to Somerville, Mass., and conducted a produce business in Boston. Being obliged to give up active exercise because of heart trouble, during the last years of his life he engaged in the real estate business in Somerville and Medford.

Webster Higgins removed from Orleans to Somerville, where he had been engaged in various branches of the produce business. He belonged to the Fraternal Helpers, Ancient Order of United Workmen, Knights of Malta. In the last organization he was a member of the Board of Directors of the Building.

824. JOSIAH AMBROSE^ HIGGINS {Ambrose', Josiah S.\ James Dearv', Solomon}, Benjamin^, Benjamin'^, Richard}), born Nov. 14, 1875, at Norwich, Conn. ; married at New London, Conn., Florence Phillips, born at New London, Conn., daughter of Frank and Lavina M. (Keeney) Philhps of New London, Conn.

825. FREEMAN^ HIGGINS {Lewis', Prince\ Timothif, Freeman'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin'^, Richard^), born Jan. 11, 1830, at Standish, Maine; died January, 1914, at Manchester, N, H.; married Dec. 25, 1856, Mary Dennett, born Oct. 1, 1832; daughter of Oliver and Eunice (Seward) Dennett.

Freeman Higgins was a marked example of the useful New England type of manhood who forged his own way upward until he became one of the best known men in his home city of Manchester and State Senator of New Hampshire, held in high esteem for his honorable career. He received his early schooling at Standish, Maine, and afterward attended Gorham Academy. He then learned the machinist's trade in Lowell and in 1852 was employed in the old Essex machine shop for five years, where

In 1857 in company with N. S. Bean he built, while in the employ of Aretas Blood, the first steam fire engine used in Boston. So doubtful were the Boston officials of the practicability of steam engines in extinguishing fires that the makers had to agree to run the engine for one year before payment was made. In 1858 he went to Boston to the Hinckley Locomotive Works, and after remaining there one year he removed to Manchester, N. H., where he was destined to remain for the remainder of his life.

In 1860 he entered the employ of the Amoskeag Company. This company had taken the contract to supply a large quantity of United States Government rifles and Mr. Higgins had the contract for making the locks, one of the most difiicult parts to construct. He was so successful in this work that at the close of the Civil War he was promoted to the position of master mechanic, a position he held for nearly forty years, as superintendent of the mechanical department of the Amoskeag Company. On his retirement on June 30, 1898, in a gathering of officers and mechanics of the Company's shops, he was presented with a watch chain and masonic charm and sleeve buttons. At the presentation the closing words which expressed the appreciation of the givers and the character of Mr. Higgins were these: "It is no slight thing for a man to hold the position which you have occupied so long, increasing each year the esteem and confidence of those who knew him best; but this you have done and we wish to express our admiration of those qualities which have enabled you to accomplish it."

Mr. Higgins held several positions of responsibility and trust. He was president of the Merrimack River Savings Bank of Manchester, N. H., and a director of the First National Bank in the same city. He was a member of the Lafayette Lodge of Masons. In politics he was a staunch Republican. He was elected to the State Senate of 1892-3.

825A. ORLANDO MELVIN^ HIGGINS {Lewis\ Prince\ Timothy^, Freeman'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin'^, Richard^), born Aug. 22, 1831, in Standish, Maine; died May 31, 1894, at Worcester, Mass.; married (1) Amanda Abbott of Andover, Mass.; married (2) in December, 1892, Mrs. Martha (Spink) Allen of Worcester, Mass.

Orlando M. Higgins was a man of quiet disposition. He learned the carpenter's trade and followed it with ability until he was called to be foreman and instructor in pattern making in the carpentry department of the Washburn shops connected with the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. This position he held until his death. He was greatly respected by the students for his skiU and patience. They gave him the familiar title "O. M." and considered him a personal friend.

Mrs. Amanda (Abbott) Higgins was considered by her friends and neighbors as the finest of housekeepers. For many years she was a semi-invalid and her patience in suffering was a lesson to all who came within her home. No children.

826. ELIJAH LEWIS« HIGGINS (Lewis\ Prince\ Timothy^ Freeman'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born June 23, 1833, at Standish, Maine; died Nov. 17, 1862, at Portland, Maine; married Clara Bickford, daughter of Asa and Cynthia (Stevens) Bickford.

Elijah Lewis Higgins went when he was eighteen years of age to Lawrence, Mass., and completed an apprenticeship of three years in the machinist's trade. He was then employed in the Amoskeag shops at Manchester, N. H. About this time he married and not long after accepted a position at Lynn, Mass., where his son, Charles Lewis, was born. From Lynn he moved to Boston, where he was in the employ of the Wheeler and Wilson Sewing Machine Company. He was well fitted for this work, as he was a skilled machinist. He was not strong, however, and finally removed with his family to Maine, where he engaged in the carriage manufacturing business. In 1862 he went to Portland with the intention of enlisting in the Union army as a private soldier. Meeting a manufacturer of guns,, he changed his mind and began to make the guns. After only one month at this business he was taken ill with diphtheria and died when only twenty-nine years of age. Mrs. Higgins married (2) Joel Richardson and resides in Belgrade, Maine.

4, 1876; daughter of Harvey and Kate (Harmon) Cutting of Freedom, N. H. ; married (2) May 19, 1879, Myra Parker, born June 24, 1845; daughter of John M. and Louisa (Worcester) Parker of Gorham, Maine.

At the age of twenty Merrill Whitney Higgins left home and went to Lawrence, Mass., whither his brother Freeman had preceded him, and learned the machinist's trade. While there he saw the Pemberton Mills fall to the ground. This made a great impression upon him and he frequently told the story of the event. In 1860 he removed to Manchester, N. H., and was employed in the Amoskeag machine shops. Later he was employed by Aretas Blood in the manufacture of the first steam fire engines. During the Civil War he took contracts for the manufacture of the locks of the guns used in the war.

Politically he was a strong Republican, a member of the Mechanics Lodge of the I. O. O. F., and of the James E. Shepard Colony of the Pilgrim Colony. He attended the Congregational Church.

He aided his father in buying the farm at White Rock, Maine, and for years his main interest was in supplying his father and mother with comforts and luxuries. When they became too old to be left on the farm alone, he took them to his own home in Manchester, N. H., and they resided with him during the remainder of their lives.

827A. ARA VESTA E.« HIGGINS {Lewis\ Prince\ Timothif, Freeman'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin"^, Richard^), born iVpril 10, 1840, at Standish, Maine; died there Oct. 3, 1906; married Aug. 9, 1862, James Gorham Sturgis, born May 23, 1837, at Standish, Maine; died Oct. 16, 1889; son of William and Joan Sturgis.

Aravesta Higgins lived at Standish, Maine, where her husband was for some years a physician. He served as a physician in the Civil War and at its close resumed practice in Manchester, N. H.

Mrs. Sturgis's twin sister, Amanda Higgins, never married, but resided with her sister Aravesta in Standish, Maine, and in Manchester, N. H. A more faithful, devoted sister never lived and much credit is due to her for her assistance in rearing her sister's family.

i. Edmund Melvin Sturgis, b. Jan. 19, 1866; married Nov. 26, 1908, Florence Mae Henderson, daughter of AVilliam and Louise Gillis (Cannon) Henderson and had Priscilla Louise, b. March 26, 1910, and Lorraine Vesta, b. July 21, 1912.

ii. Susan B. Sturgis, b. April 16, 1871; married Nov. 22, 1898, Sidney E. Taylor, son of William H. and Jeanette E. (Adsit) Taylor and had Sturgis Spaulding Taylor, b. April 25, 1900, Philip Eugene Taylor, b. June 1, 1901, Edmund Goodier Taylor, b. Nov. 26, 1903 (all born at Springfield, Mass.).

iii. Grace May Sturgis, b. Oct. 9, 1875; married William Rollins McFarland, b. May 23, 1875, and had William Rollins McFarland, b. Dec. 3, 1912, Elizabeth Sturgis McFarland, b. June 5, 1914, and Jean iVurelia McFarland, b. Nov. 30, 1916.

828. MILTON PRINCE » HIGGINS (Lewis\ Prince\ Timothy^, Freeman'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Dec. 7, 1842, at Standish, Maine; died March 8, 1912, at Worcester, Mass.; married June 15, 1870, Katharine Elizabeth Chapin, born Dec. 11, 1847, at Manchester, N. H.; daughter of Aldus Manutius and Catherine Fisher (Sawin) Chapin and a lineal descendant of Deacon Samuel Chapin, one of the founders of Springfield, Mass.

Milton Prince Higgins attended the public schools in Standish and prepared for college at the academy at Gorham, Maine. He entered Dartmouth College, from which he graduated in 1868. His student life was interrupted by the necessity of earning money for his tuition and expenses. He inherited from his father and grandfather their mental and bodily strength and their mechanical ability to a marked degree. Following the lead of this mechanical bent, he took for three years the apprentices' training in the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company's shops at Manchester, N. H., and afterward continued with that concern for a time, acquiring

In 1868 Mr. Higgins came to Worcester to take charge of the Washburn shops of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, but as the buildings were not then ready, he was occupied from August of that year until the following January as draughtsman and mechanical engineer for the Washburn and Moen Manufacturing Company. As superintendent he co-operated with Ichabod Washburn, the founder of the shops, in planning, building, and operation. Being in full sympathy with the purpose of Mr. Washburn and well equipped by natural gifts and training, he proved a most valuable man for the position of superintendent and from the beginning demonstrated the value and importance of the shops in technical education. He not only gave to the students practical experience in machine shop but actually made the shops a source of profit to the institution. In this field of education he was a pioneer and his methods were adopted in industrial training throughout the country. The graduates of the Institute, equipped with the training of the Washburn shops under his skillful and practical management, found their places early in the world of business and industry, and their efficiency as mechanical engineers gave the Institute a reputation second to none.

The manufacture of a hydraulic elevator, designed by Mr. Higgins, proved the chief source of revenue for the shops and in the course of time the elevator business became so large that the trustees considered it as too extensive for an educational institution and decided to sell it. Though Mr. Higgins was opposed to the sale of the elevator business, when the decision of the trustees was made, he became the purchaser and continued the business under the name of the Plunger Elevator Company, a corporation organized in 1896 with a capital of $50,000. It soon became one of the substantial and prosperous industries of the city, occupying an extensive plant at Greendale, a suburb of Worcester, Mass. Mr. Higgins was president of the company until the business was finally sold to the Otis Elevator Company. Prof. George I. Alden, who was also of the faculty at the Institute, was a partner of Mr. Higgins in the purchase, organization, and development of the elevator business and was treasurer of the company.

prosperity. It was an outgrowth of a department of F. B, Norton's pottery plant in Worcester and was purchased by Mr. Higgins and Mr. Alden and incorporated in 1885. Subsequently they formed the Norton Grinding Company, manufacturers of grinding machinery. Both plants were located at Greendale near Barber's Crossing, Worcester, Mass. In 1893 the business of the Grant Corundum Wheel Manufacturing Company of Chester, Mass., was purchased by the Norton Emery Wheel Company and subsequently a large plant was erected at Niagara Falls, operated by electric power, manufacturing the newly invented abrasive, Alundum, for making grinding wheels. Branches were established also at Wesseling, Germany, and at Chippewa, Canada. Much of the machinery manufactured by these companies was designed by Mr. Higgins. Mr. Higgins remained at the head of these industries to the end of his life. He was also for many years president of the Worcester Pressed Steel Company, of which he was the principal founder; president of the Sanford Riley Stoker Company of Worcester and a director of the Mechanics National Bank, Worcester, Mass.

For forty-four years he was superintendent of the Washburn shops and after he resigned he was made a trustee of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute and no man contributed more to the development and success of that institution. His interest in manual training, technical education, and vocational schools did not cease when he became engaged in manufacturing. Though he carried a heavy load of responsibility, he was in later years even more active in the promotion and encouragement of schools for teaching trades and was the originator of the independent trade school system in this country. From 1899 until he died he devoted all of his influence and ability in forwarding the movement. At the meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in New York in 1899 he spoke on "The Education of Machinists, Foremen, and Mechanical Engineers." The discussion of the ideas presented in this address was so animated and the interest aroused so general that he was requested to speak on the same subject at the next meeting of the society. He consented and both of these epoch-making addresses were published in the proceedings of the society. At every opportunity and in all parts of the country he spoke on the same subject and on kindred topics. In January, 1904, he made a notable address before the Pro\'idence Associations of Mechanical Engineers on "HaK-time Trade School for the Education of Boys" and his ideas were favorably received by many educators and commended by many newspapers and other periodicals. Another important speech was dehvered April 24, 1905, before the Worcester Congregational Club on "The Relations of Trade Schools to Industrial Education." In the same year he gave an address in Boston on "The Promotion of Industrial Drawing" and another at the convention of the National Teachers' Association on "Industrial Education from the Standpoint of the Manufacturer." He was the speaker at the commencement exercises of the Newark Technical School at Newark, N. J., May 15, 1905, and he founded the practical department of the Atlanta School of Technology and aided in the organization of the Miller Manual Labor School in Virginia.

Governor Douglas appointed Mr. Higgiils chairman of the Worcester commission to act with the State commission on industrial education and in 1908 he had the satisfaction of seeing the practical application of his ideas in the magnificent trade school erected in Armory Square, Worcester, and subsequently in the Girls' Trade School in the same city. Both these institutions have been exceedingly useful and practical, carrying out their purposes admirably. A fitting memorial to Mr. Higgins was erected in the Boys' Trade School a few years after his death.

Mr. Higgins was vice-president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1901, 1902, and 1903. In politics he was a Republican. He was a faithful member of Piedmont Congregational Church for many years. He was a member of the Worcester Club.

"Mr. Higgins belonged to a comparatively small group of men, unusual men of great brain, indefatigable industry, unselfish purpose, and pronounced determination, who are responsible for the Worcester of to-day. These men came from many walks of life and were peculiarly fitted for the job they set themselves to do, the building here of a community that should be thoroughly democratic and truly individualistic. . . No pent-up Utica contracted his powers. Other men believed in him, but from boyhood he believed in himself more intensely than anybody else possibly could. He discovered in himself the germs of leadership. As he went on from boyhood to youth and from youth to manhood and from manhood to old age, doing the things that other men said could not be done, it is not strange that his character took on some of that iron determination and force that made the genius of teaching. He was an educationalist all his days; not in that constricted sense in which the term is ordinarily employed, but in that wider and more luminous sense in which we find classified such men as Horace Mann and William Penn, both of them commonwealth 'builders and revolutionaries of the best type. . . He saw earlier than most men the failure of our great technical schools to reach the masses, and once convinced of that fact, he entered upon the task of revolutionizing our school system so that it should provide technical training for the poor boy, as if the job was child's play. The last thirteen years of his life were chiefly given over to preaching the gospel of technical training for that great mass of boys and girls coming out of the middle class families of America, on whom the future of the Republic rests.

"When he entered upon this task in 1899, he was absolute pioneer in the field - an Ishmael, if you will, with his hand raised against every man, and every man's hand raised against him. The apprenticeship system, thanks largely to the closed shop, had practically come to a standstill. No more apprentices were being received in many industries, and the competition between employers for labor resulted in practices far from laudable. Furthermore, the boys and girls were growing up in idleness or else, far worse, were being taught in the schools to despise the honest industry by which their fathers earned their bread. Mr. Higgins revolutionized all that. He gave labor a new dignity by incorporating it in the public school system, and he taught the young themselves that the boy who mastered a lathe or a planer or a drill, a carpenter's saw or a draughtsman's rule, was of just as much account in the world as the man who studied Greek or Latin and mastered them. . . Furthermore, two of the most practical trade schools in this country were set up under his supervision and he not only launched them, but helped shape their course for many years to come. Thanks to him, the poor boy can now secure in practically every state in the union the rudiments of a good trade, and the shops of America are again filling up with competent youth, well educated, enthusiastic, and reliable. ...

"He saw to it also that the girls had equal privileges thrown open to them. He believed that they had quite as keen an interest in perfecting themselves for their life work as their brothers and in writing for the annual convention of the Manufacturers Association he insisted that Home Economics should take its place as one of the trades and that the time for a woman to learn to bake and brew and sew and sweep was before she married instead of afterwards. Unlike most reformers, he had the profound satisfaction in his own day, after contending for years ^\ath the colleges, the labor agitators, the schools and the employers, of having them one and all confess that his theories were correct and of seeing them put into practice."

Katharine Elizabeth Chapin, wife of Milton Prince Higgins, has a national reputation gained in her campaign for enlisting the parents of the Nation in the support and assistance of the teachers, as well as aiding the mothers by conference and advice in the training of their children. She was one of the pioneers in the movement to bring both the teacher and the parent into an organization known as the National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations, to increase the eifficiency of the public schools. She has made innumerable addresses to mothers and teachers in all parts of the country and organized hundreds of branches of this organization in the public schools. She is president of the Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teachers of Massachusetts and vice-president of the National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations, and is now devoting most of her time to the promotion of this important work.

Mrs. Higgins has been for many years active in religious and charitable organizations. For a long time she was president of the primary and intermediate Sunday School Union in Worcester, Mass., and superintendent of the intermediate department of the Sunday school of Piedmont Congregational Church, Worcester, Mass., and she is now superintendent of the junior department of the Sunday school. She has had charge of the children's exercises at various state conventions of the International Sunday School Association in Massachusetts.

Mrs. Higgins is a graduate of Abbott Academy, Andover, Mass. She is a member of the Worcester Woman's Club and has been chairman of its educational committee. She was also active in the Woman's Auxiliary of the Young Men's Christian Association in years past, and has been chairman of the committee on Boys' Work. She was formerly regent of the Colonel Timothy Bigelow Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, and state historian and national chairman of Massachusetts for the Conservation of Women and Children. She is keenly interested in American history and genealogy and has compiled the records of various families in which she is interested. She is also the compiler and pubhsher of this Genealogy of the Higgins Family in America.

iii. Katharine Elizabeth, b. Aug. 6, 1878; married April 26, 1904, at Worcester, Mass, Robert Sanford Riley, son of Robert Thomas and Harriet (Murgatroyd) Riley, and resides at Worcester, Mass. Mrs. Riley is prominent in the Young Women's Christian Association and the Travelers Aid Association of Worcester. Children : Robert Sanford, b. April 2, 1906; Katharine Elizabeth, b. Aug.

iv. Olive Chapin, b. Jan. 7, 1882; married June 12, 1907, Lewis Isaac Prouty, b. Jan. 10, 1872; son of Charles N. and Jane Azubah (Richardson) Prouty; graduate of Harvard University, 1894; member of the firm of Isaac Prouty & Co., shoe manufacturers, but at present (1917) treasurer of the Carr Fastener Company of Cambridge, Mass. Mrs. Prouty graduated from Smith College in 1904 and she is the author of "Bobbie, General Manager," "The Fifth Wheel," and numerous short stories. Residence, Brookline, Mass. Children: Jane Chapin, b. Oct.

829. EDMUND FESSENDEN^ HIGGINS {Lewis\ Prince\ Timothy^, FreemavJ, Benjamin^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born March 13, 1847; married Oct. 7, 1879, Martha SaflFord, born Sept. 30, 1854, at Dunbarton, N. H.; daughter of Nathaniel and Eunice (Carter) Safford of Dunbarton and Manchester, N. H.

Edmund F, Higgins resides at Manchester, N. H., where he is treasurer and manager of the Manchester Supply Company, the largest dealers in plumbers' material in the state of New Hampshire.

830. HADLEY FOSTERS HIGGINS (Lewis\ Prince\ Timothy^, Freeman^, Benjamin^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born July 28, 1849, at Standish, Maine; died April 16, 1917, at W^oburn, Mass.; married (1) April 26, 1899, Myrta Jones, daughter of William Augustus and Harriet Jane (Cheney) Jones of Lyndeborough, N. H.; married (2) Dec. 27, 1916, Margaret E. Hearn.

Hadley F. Higgins was the youngest member of the family of eight boys and three girls and he inherited his father's indomitable spirit. He took the regular apprenticeship course at the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company's machine shops at Manchester, N. H. Afterwards in company with his brother Edmund he became one of the proprietors of the largest furniture and crockery ^tore in Manchester. Later he superintended the installation of Plunger elevators built by the Washburn shops at Worcester, Mass. Still later he purchased a farm at Woburn, Mass., and resided there. He was a charter member of the Woburn Grange, was its first overseer, then served two years as lecturer and followed with three years as Master. He was a bulwark of strength in the Woburn Grange and he entered into the work with his whole heart. He not only placed a large part of his land at the disposal of those wishing to use it for gardens, but he even offered to plow it and put it in readiness for use besides advising and assisting in its cultivation. It was while so engaged in the field that he was stricken without a moment's warning and his life work was done. Enthusiasm was one of his marked characteristics and this made him a leader of great capability and his genial, friendly nature surrounded him with a host of friends. No children.

i. Hattie, b, Jan. 31, 1865; married Arthur Hutchins; residence in Watertown. ii. Melinda Small, b. April 4, 1872; d. young. iii. Helena Brown, b. x\pril 4, 1872; d. young. iv. Harry Allison, b. April 2, 1875; married May 5, 1900, Lena May Clark, daughter of Leander M. and Mary Chandler Clark; residence at Kenosha, Wis. V. Clifford Brown, b. May 15, 1889.

1844; married Nov. 25, 1868, in Westbrook, Maine, Fannie L. Prescott, born Mar. 28, 1847, in Portland, Maine; daughter of Tracy H. and Anne (HarVnon) Prescott. He resided in Kingston, Maine, in 1899.

834. JAMES 8 HIGGINS {Timothy\ Ephraim\ Timoth/, Freeman\ Benjamin^, Benjamin"^, Richard^), born June 11, 1838; died August, 1885; married Caroline Gookins, daughter of Thomas and Jane (Batchelder) Gookins.

842. JACOB V0RHEES8 HIGGINS {William Bishop', Jonathan J.^, Judiah^, Jonathan^, Jediah^, Jediah^, Richard^), born December 2, 1841; married (1) Jan. 14, 1868, Kate Dumont Oakey, bom about 1848; died Feb. 24, 1876, aged 27, daughter of John L. Oakey; married (2) May 29, 1878, Bessie Thompson, born March 10, 1852; daughter of William and Sophia (Ward) Thompson.

Issachar H. Higgins was for many years a farmer at Barley Sheaf in Hunterdon County, but has retired from that labor and now lives on Main Street, Flemington, N. J.

847. JUDIAH^ HIGGINS (Jonathan'' , Judiah\ Jonathan^ Jonathan^, Jediah^, Jediah"^, Richard^), born July 14, 1872; married May 1, 1902, Bertha Rittenhouse, born March 19, 1878; daughter of Brewer and Isabelle (Chamberlain) Rittenhouse.

Judiah Higgins was born on the Jonathan Higgins farm, two miles east of Flemington, where his father and grandfather were also born, the farm having been in the Higgins family since 1780. He was educated in the public schools of Flemington and after about two years with the Standard Oil Co. in Trenton, he became teller of the Hunterdon County National Bank and served as such for fifteen years, resigning in 1911 to accept the postmastership at Flemington, an office which he held until

April, 1915. Mr. Higgins has been a member of the board of education and district clerk for some years. He is treasurer of the Prospect Hill Cemetery Association and when his term as postmaster expired, he was elected president of the Flemington Milling Co. He is a member of the Flemington Baptist Church and has been its treasurer and president of the Men's Club. In November, 1915, he was elected County Clerk by a good majority, the first Republican in the history of the county to be elected to that ofiice. He has given the county a thoroughly competent and businesslike administration of this important office. He has always taken an interest in matters relating to the public welfare and stands very high in his own community.

851. ARCHIBALD S.« HIGGINS (Archibald A.\ Henrif, Jediah^, James'^, Jediah^, Jediah^, Richard^), born Feb. 9, 1867, at Manasquan, Monmouth County, N. J.; died there Jan. 28,

973. i. James Wallace, b. July 6, 1873; married Agnes H. Bogart. ii, Spencer Littlefield, b. Nov. 13, 1876; graduate of Rutgers College, 1896; College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1903; was at Blackwell's Island Hospital in 1905; now Past Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N.

861. ZEBINA H.^ HIGGINS {Zebina\ James\ Jonathan^, Jonathan^, Samuel^, Jonathan^, Jonathan'^, Richard^), born Sept. 11, 1840; died Dec. 22, 1903; married April 19, 1862, Lucinda A. Linnell, daughter of Oliver and Adeline J. Linnell of Orleans.

862. ALBERT F.^ HIGGINS {Zebina^, James\ Jonathan^ Jonathan^, Samuel^, Jonathan^, Jonathan'^, Richard^), born in 1845; died Aug. 18, 1905; married Feb. 10, 1867, Lucy J. Gerauld, daughter of James W. and Betsey J. Gerauld of Harwich, Mass.

863. ORRICK E.^ HIGGINS (Zebina\ James\ Jonathan^ Jonathan^, Samuel^, Jonathan^, Jonathan^, Richard^), born Nov. 14, 1851; married (1) March 28, 1874, Mary L. Cahoon, daughter of Isaiah and Mary Cahoon of Harwich; married (2) Dec. 29, 1896, Annie Freeman, daughter of Thomas and Annie (Kearns) Freeman.

864. CLARINGTON E.^ HIGGINS (Zebina^ James\ Jonathan^, Jonathan^, Samuel^, Jonathan^, Jonathan'^, Richard^), born Aug. 10, 1854; married Feb. 21, 1875, Adella M.Cash of Harwich, Mass., daughter of Joshua and Margaret Cash.

868. ELISHA ALLEN^ HIGGINS {Joseph BaJcer\ Ahner\ Jonathan^, Jonathan^, Samuel^, Jonathan^, Jonathan'^, Richard^), born Oct. 31, 1862, at Orleans, Mass.; married Nov. 23, 1884, Minnie S. Bassett of Yarmouth, daughter of Albert H. and Amanda Bassett.

869. CHARLES EDWARD ^ HIGGINS {Ephraim\ Ehenezer\ Elkanah^, Ebenezer^, Samuel"^, Jonathan^, Jonathan^, Richard^), born September, 1856; married March 11, 1877, Maria Rand, daughter of Lewis and Mary Jane (Whitney) Rand.

871. GEORGE EDWIN^ HIGGINS {Jefferson^, Curtis', Elkanah^, Ebenezer^, Samuel'^, Jonathan^, Jonathan^, Richard^), born at Augusta, Maine, Nov. 3, 1852; married March 9, 1898, at Owosso, Mich., Mrs. Fannie Novess, born in 1859 at Los Angeles, Cal.

872. FREDERICK EUGENE^ HIGGINS {Henry Curtis^ Curtis'^, Elkanah^, Ebenezer^, Samuel'^, Jonathan^, Jonathan"^, Richard^), born May 23, 1865, at Skowhegan, Maine; married Oct. 16, 1889, Mary Clark Pierce of Winona, Minn.

881. FREDERICK CHESTER^ HIGGINS (George Otis*, Josiah LinnelV, Sylvanus^, Hezekiah^, James^, James^, Jonathan^, Richard}), born May 2, 1865, at Scituate, Mass.; married Nov. 26, 1890, Emma F. Vance, b. 1868 in Masstown, Nova Scotia, daughter of John and Isabella (Simpson) Vance.

882. JOSHUA FRANCIS^ HIGGINS {George Otis\ Josiah LinneW, Sylvanus^, HezeJciah^, James'^, James^, Jonathan^, Richard^), born Nov. 23, 1868, in Cohasset, Mass.; married Nov. 24, 1892, Ceha Louise Studley, born March 29, 1876, daughter of Edwm B. and Melissa (Eastman) Studley.

883. GEORGE FOSTERS HIGGINS {George Otis\ Josiah LinneW , Sylvanus^, Hezekiah^, James^, James^, Jonathan'^, Richard^), born Sept. 19, 1871; married (1) July 31, 1895, Mary Louise Higgins, daughter of Elisha and Mary C. (Tillson) Higgins of Provincetown, b. Feb. 17, 1867, d. Jan. 19, 1903; married (2) June 24, 1904, Gertrude Wagstaff, b. 1882, daughter of Henry and Mary (Shelton) Wagstaff of Lawrence. Provision dealer. Residence Cohasset, from which removed to Lawrence.

885. CHARLES OTIS» HIGGINS (Galen H.\ Otis\ Ehenezer\ Cornelius^, Ehenezer^, Ichahod}, Benjamin}, Richard}), born May 3, 1850, at Castile, N. Y.; married June 6, 1878, at Painesville, Ohio, Clara Baldwin Ladd, born April 15, 1851; daughter of Silas Trumbull and Elizabeth (Williams) Ladd.

886. ARTHUR DELOS^ HIGGINS {Galen Eyde\ Otis\ Ebenezer^, Cornelius^, Ebenezer^, Ichahod^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born May 8, 1853, at Castile, N. Y.; married April 18, 1876, at Fostoria, Ohio, Alice Eckels.

892. JOSHUA FRANCIS^ HIGGINS iOrien\ Ephraim\ Elkanah^, Elkanah^, Ebenezer^, Ichabod^, Benjamin"^, Richard^), born Sept. 23, 1854, at Eastham, Mass.; married May 1, 1884, Albertina Chandler, born Feb. 22, 1865, at Provincetown, Mass.; died June 29, 1912, at Orleans, Mass.; daughter of James and Amelia (Talbot) Chandler.

Joshua Francis Higgins resided at Eastham and Orleans and was a mariner. Amelia Talbot was from the Canadian Provinces and was the second or third wife of James Chandler of Provincetown.

893. HERBERT ELMERS HIGGINS {Orien\ Ephraim\ Elkanah^, Elkanah^, Ehenezer^, Ichahod?, Benjamin}, Richard}), born Dec. 25, 1863, at Eastham, Mass.; married June 3, 1887, Adelaide Snow Hopkins of Orleans, Mass., born July 27, 1863; daughter of John M. and Catherine Hopkins.

895. ORIEN WINSLOW^ HIGGINS {Orien\ Ephraim\ Elkanah^, Elkanak^, Ehenezer'^, Ichabod^, Benjamin}, Richard^), born Sept. 25, 1867, at Eastham; married Sept. 11, 1893, Helen F. Higgins, b. Sept. 21, 1873; daughter of Freeman and Almira (Mallows) Higgins of Orleans, Mass.

897. HENRY FRANCIS^ HIGGINS {Peter\ John W.\ Benjamin^, Elkanah", Ehenezer^, Ichahod^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born July 13, 1866, at Eastham, Mass.; married Sept. 25, 1888, Nora Emma Brown of York, Va.

899. WILLIAM B.^ HIGGINS {Peter\ John Worthen\ Benjamin^, Elkanah^, Ehenezer^, Ichabod^, Benjamin^, Richard}), born Aug. 29, 1875, at Eastham, Mass.; married Oct. 19, 1898, Bertha Howard Brewer, daughter of Jesse and Rosalthea (Ellis) Brewer.

899A. ELMER ASBURY^ HIGGINS (Isaac Eenry\ Andrew Walker"^, Benjamin^, Elkanalv', Ebenezer'^, Ichabod^, Benjamin"^, Richard^), born March 29, 1879; married Dec. 25, 1909, at Lewiston, Maine, Myra Louise Goss, born Feb. 10, 1882, at Lewiston; daughter of George W. and Lillian (Ricker) Goss.

900. ANDREW WHITMAN^ HIGGINS (Andrew\ Andrew Walker^, Benjamin^, Elkanah^, Ebenezer^, Ichabod^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born March 2, 1879, at Eastham, Mass.; married Aug. 20, 1913, Louise Smith Wilbur, born Dec. 23, 1888, at South Middleboro, Mass.; daughter of Ansel Clarence and Mary R. (Weston) Wilbur.

908. FRANCIS ALBERT^ HIGGINS {Thomas Allen^, Josiah Rich', Uriah^, EnocJv', Eleazer^, Richard^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Jan. 14, 1848; died Feb. 26, 1907; married June 13, 1883, Matilda A. Baker, born Feb. 27, 1853; died April 16, 1899; daughter of Nehemiah and Abigail Swett (Rich) Baker of Wellfleet.

909. THOMAS ALLEN ^ HIGGINS (Thomas Allen\ Josiah Rich'', Uriah^, Enoch^, Eleazer"^, Richard^, Benjamhi^, Richard^), born Feb. 3, 1857; died April 9, 1915; married Feb. 25, 1891, at Rowley, Mass., Ednah Picard Hale, born Dec. 10, 1857, daughter of Daniel and Frances Delivel (Grant) Hale.

911. EDWIN FRANCIS^ HIGGINS {John Rich\ John Knowles^, Ephraim^, Enoch^, Eleazer^, Richard^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born July 30, 1858, at Wellfleet, Mass.; married July 8, 1881, at Providence, R. I., Mary Grifiiths, born Nov. 20, 1867, at Llanefydd, county Denbigh, North Wales; daughter of Richard and Margaret (Jones) Griffiths.

915. OLSTIN MAYO^ HIGGINS {Henry Mayo\ John Knowles"^, Ephraim^, Enoch^, Eleazer^, Richard^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born June 25, 1866, at Chelsea, Mass.; married Dec. 31, 1891, at Hyde Park, Mass., Josephine Bendroth, born Oct. 22, 1868, at Malmo, Sweden.

916. MARSHALL IRVING^ HIGGINS {William Henry\ EnocW , Ephraim^, Enoch'', Eleazer^, Richard^, Benjamin?, Richard^), born July 3, 1854; married May 7, 1874, Hope Doane Smith, daughter of Hope Doane and Sarah Maria (Newcomb) Smith of Wellfleet, Mass.

918. CLARENCE EDWIN^ HIGGINS {Edwin G\, Levi\ Elkanah^, Levi^, Theophilus'^, Richard^, Benjamin^, Richard^) y born Aug. 3, 1859, at St. Albans, Maine; married Nov. 22, 1885, at Hartland, Maine, May L. Mower, born May 24, 1860, at St. Albans; daughter of Jesse C. and Angeline S. (Brown) Mower.

919. LEON FORREST^ HIGGINS {Forrest Richard\ Serenus", Richard^, Levi^, Theophilus'^, Richard^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born April 29, 1870, at Ellsworth, Maine; married Oct. 21, 1891, Josephine Shackley, born April 12, 1868; daughter of Joseph M. and Eliza (Holyoke) Shackley of Brewer, Maine.

Leon F. Higgins resides at Brewer, Maine. He was mayor of Brewer for three terms. Later he was elected to the lower branch of the State legislature and served two terms, being the Republican floor leader and candidate for the speakership. In 1916 he was elected State senator and was candidate for the presidency of that body. He is widely known throughout the State of Maine. He is high in Masonic circles and a Methodist in religious

921. ALVIN DYER9 HIGGINS (Amos Dtjer\ Amos\ Eleazer^, Reuben^, Reuben^, Richard^, Benjamin^, Richard^),j born March, 1850, at Atkinson ville, a part of Charleston, Maine; died Nov. 7, 1916, at Thompsonville, Conn.; married Aug. 11, 1873, Mary Stewart of New York City, daughter of Jonas and Ann (Odium) Stewart, who survived him.

Alvin Dyer Higgins when seventeen years old entered the Higgins Carpet Works, carried on by his uncle, Elias Smith Higgins. He acquired thorough knowledge of the processes of manufacture of carpets and showed diligent application and exceptional ability which caused him to advance steadily until he assumed offices of responsibility in the management. When the company was reorganized after the death of Elias Smith Higgins, Alvin D. Higgins and Robert P. Perkins became the principal owners, Mr. Higgins being vice-president and general manager. In 1901 the company was amalgamated with the Hartford Carpet Corporation and the works located at Thompsonville, Conn., where Mr. Higgins took up his residence and continued to be general manager. In 1914 a still more important consolidation was effected, the Bigelow Carpet Company of Clinton and Lowell, Mass., being merged with the Hartford Carpet Company into a thirteen-million-dollar company, of which Mr. Higgins continued as general manager and vice-president.

The company has made constant progress and been very successful during the administration of Mr. Higgins, continual additions to the plant becoming necessary. This progress and success were in large measure due to his executive ability, and Mr. Higgins became widely known the country over in the textile world. His interests were by no means confined entirely to the carpet company, for he did much .for the advancement and benefit of his employees and the village of Thompsonville, where the carpet works were located. He was taken suddenly ill of angina pectoris, having previously been in his usual good health, on the afternoon of the national election day and passed away within an hour after the attack. His funeral was held in St. Andrews Episcopal Church, Thompsonville, on November eleventh, and the large attendance testified to the affection and esteem in which he was held.

ii. Grace, b. 1889; married May 17, 1910, in New York City William Edwards Lyford. They reside at Thompsonville, Conn., where Mr. Lyford is superintendent of the Bigelow- Hartford Carpet Company.

Henry Albert Higgins was educated at the schools of Charleston and later at the academy in Corinth and the Charleston Academy, now the Higgins Classical Institute. In 1876 he went to live with his uncle. Rev. John Hamilton Higgins, at Charleston Village and soon took entire charge of the farm and stable of fine horses. During the next seven years the uncle greatly enlarged and improved this farm, adding more land and buildings, thoroughbred Hereford cattle and other cattle and horses. In 1883 he presented all this to his nephew, who has continued the breeding of fancy stock, animals which have taken the first prize at every fair at which they were exhibited. He was remarkably skillful as an ox-teamster and was well known throughout eastern Maine as "the man who has never been defeated." His principal occu- pation was farming, but during the later years of his life he engaged in wool, stock, farm machinery, and merchandise. He was an enthusiastic sportsman and could never resist the allurement of a hunting or fishing trip. His habits and character were beyond reproach and he was one of the best and most favorably known men in his section of the country. He was a devoted Christian worker and lived his everyday life fully up to the standard of His teachings. In politics he was a Republican and active in the affairs of the town. Ten months after the death of Mr. Higgins Mrs, Higgins rebuilt the house and made extensive improvements upon the farm. September 11, 1903, the entire set of buildings was burned to the ground. Nothing daunted, she rented the "Institute House" until the following spring when she purchased the Charles Page farm, where she was born. With the assistance of Rev. John H. Higgins and Franklin Higgins, she replaced the burned buildings and moved back to her village home, where she now resides.

923. FRANKLIN AUGUSTUS^ HIGGINS {Elias Smith\ Amos'', Eleazer^, Reuben^, Reuben'^, Richard^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Oct. 10, 1867, at Charleston, Maine; married Sept. 25, 1894, in New York City, Mrs. Maria Rosalie (Terry) Higgins, widow of his uncle, George Higgins.

in Booth's Boiler Shop, entered the employ of E. S. Higgins and Co. as apprentice, to learn the trade of machinist and mechanical engineer. In November, 1889, he was appointed chief engineer of the large factory and in 1892 advanced to the position of master mechanic, a place he held until October, 1894, when he resigned from the firm's employ. In February, 1895, he engaged with Arbuckle Brothers, Brooklyn, as general superintendent and chief engineer of their many enterprises, a position which he still holds (1916). Mr. Higgins is an enthusiastic sportsman and every year makes a hunting trip to the big woods of Northern Maine. He has collected and written out much genealogical and biographical data concerning his branch of the Higgins family, data which he has most kindly contributed the use of, to the great benefit of this volume. No children.

924. JOHN EDWIN^ HIGGINS (Elias Smith\ Amos\ Eleazer^, Reuben^, Reuben'^, Richard^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Nov. 1, 1871, at Charleston, Maine; married Sept. 18, 1912, Minnie Elva Ross of Charleston, Maine.

John Edwin Higgins was educated in the schools of Charleston, and at the Higgins Classical Institute. In June, 1891, he went to New York City and shortly afterward entered the employ of William Wright in Newburgh as an apprentice in the machinist and engineer's trade. Aiter three and a half years he entered the employ of E. S. Higgins & Co., at the carpet works. He entered Cooper Union night school in 1905 and graduated in 1908 as mechanical draughtsman. He reniained with the carpet company and removed with the removal of their works to ThompsonviUe, Conn. On account of poor health he resigned in August, 1908, and returned to his father's home in Maine. He is fond of sports, athletics, and hunting.

George Herbert Higgins was educated at the schools of Charleston and Bradford, Maine. He went to New York in 1893 and remained there until March, 1898, employed by several firms in a business way, meanwhile taking a course at Packard's Business

College and spending more than a year at his home town in Maine. In 1898 he started a general merchandise store in partnership with his brother-in-law at West Charleston. In a few months he became dissatisfied and rented the Dority store at Charleston Village. May 1, 1900, he moved to North Dexter, Maine, continuing in the same line of business and was also postmaster. In 1902 he returned to Charleston and then again to North Dexter, and in 1907 sold his business and located in Bangor, where in 1916 he was in the employ of the John Cassidy Company.

926. FRED SMITH^ HIGGINS {Orrin Smith\ Arthur^ Eleazer^, Reuben^, Reuben'^, Richard^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Nov. 10, 1873, at Gray, Maine; married Jan. 1, 1903, Alma D. Savoy of Gray, Maine.

at Auburndale; died Feb. 29, 1908, at Fitchburg; married Jan. 1, 1902, at Fitchburg, Nina Maude Ashley, daughter of Joseph and Melissa (Adams) Ashley.

930. CHARLES HERBERT^ HIGGINS {Ehen\ Ehen\ Eben^, Jacob^, Isaac^, Isaac^, Benjamin^, Richard}), born Feb. 23, 1875, at Newtonville; married Oct. 22, 1901, in L'Avenir, Quebec, Canada, Jane Ruth Hall, daughter of Fred G. and Ruth (Brickley) Hall.

He was educated at Amherst College, and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; B.S., D.V.S.; he is now Pathologist to the Dominion of Canada; resides at Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

932. DOUGLAS^ HIGGINS (Henn/, Jared\ Israeli Israel^ Israel^, Samuel^, Benjamin"^, Richard^), born Oct. 26, 1860; married Oct. 6, 1883, Ada Curtis, daughter of Norman Curtis of Glastonbury, Conn.

933. JAMES HENRY^ HIGGINS (Septerius\ Jared\ Urael\ Israel^, Israel^, Samuel^, Benjamin}, Richard}), born March 15, 1853, in New York; married Oct. 23, 1879, Virginia Downing, daughter of John B. and Mary A. Downing of Brooklyn, N. Y.

934. WILLIAM FRANKLIN ^ HIGGINS (Septerius^ Jared\ Israel^, Israel^, Israel^, Samuel^, Benjamin'^, Richard^), born Feb. 24, 1857; died March 26, 1907, in New York City; married April 11, 1883, Lida Edwina McClave, daughter of John and Charlotte Louise (Wood) McClave.

937. FREDERICK ALDEN^ HIGGINS {William Irving\ Alden', Israel^, Israel^, Israel'^, Samuel^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Aug. 4, 1871, at Geneva, N. Y.; married Sept. 29, 1915, Mrs. Kate (Delano) Hyde, daughter of Clayton H. and x\nnie M. (Thompson) Delano and widow of Elmer W. Hyde,

938. FRANK WAYLAND^ HIGGINS {Orrin ThralP, Timothy^, Timothy^, Israel^, Israel'^, Samuel^, Benjamin'^, Richard}), born Aug. 18, 1856, at Rushford, Allegany Co., N. Y.; died Feb. 12, 1907, at Olean, N. Y.; married June 5, 1878, at Sparta, Wis., Catherine Corinne Noble, born July 16, 1856, at Rushford, N. Y.; daughter of Aaron Harrison Noble of Sparta, Wis.

Frank Wayland Higgins was educated in the district schools, at Pike Seminary, and at Riverview Academy, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. For a short time he was western sales agent for an oil refinery, and in 1875 became a partner in the mercantile firm of Wood, Thayer & Co. of Stanton, Mich. He purchased the interests of his partners in 1876, and conducted the business for three years, then selling out and becoming a member of his father's firm. His previous experience had qualified him to assume the managership of the enterprise, and at the end of five years he was able to buy up the entire business. He also followed his father's example in realty operations, purchasing large tracts of timber lands in Washington state and in other parts of the country. His vested interests are represented in the Higgins Land Co. and the Guarantee Land Co., of which he was president; the Olean Land Co., of which he was treasurer; the Higgins Wildcat Co., of which he was secretary, and the Exchange National Bank of Olean, N. Y., in which he was a director. He first became prominent in politics when elected a delegate to the Republican National Convention, Chicago, in 1888. In 1893 he was elected to the state senate from the 32d district, including Cattaraugus, Chautauqua and Allegany counties, and in 1895 from the newly formed 50th district, consisting of Cattaraugus and Chautauqua, holding his seat by three successive re-elections until 1902. In the latter year he was nominated for lieutenant-governor of the state on the ticket with Benjamin B. Odell, and was elected by a plurality of more than 10,000 over his Democratic opponent, Charles N, Bulger. In 1904 he was nominated for governor, and in the great national Republican victory of that year carried the state over his Democratic opponent. Judge D. Cady Herrick, by a plurality of 80,560.

The foregoing account of Governor Higgins is taken from The National Cyclopedia of American Biography, vol. xiii, but some more personal anecdotes, published at the time of his death, may be of interest here.

Early in life he developed a fondness for "trading." He wanted some money when he learned that a circus was coming to town. He made a contract with his grandfather to do a certain piece of work on the farm. For this he was to receive two dollars. Somehow he succeeded in persuading his grandfather to pay him the money in advance. Then he went to the circus.

It is said of him that he won no honors in school, but was full of pranks. The uniform of a soldier appealed to him, and decided him in his choice of a school after he had entered his teens. He informed his father that he desired to go to a military school because uniforms were worn there. "All right, my boy," said his father, "pick out your school and I will send you there. But if you go you will have to stay until you finish." To this the boy agreed and selected a military academy at Poughkeepsie. He stayed there long after the desire for military trappings wore off, and when he went back home he was ready for work.

Frank Wayland Higgins began to take an active interest in politics when he was sixteen years old. He "sassed" his father the only time in his life because they disagreed in the Greeley- Grant campaign, the son being an enthusiastic supporter of General Grant, while the father, a life-long Democrat, advocated the election of Mr. Greeley. When the boy said hotly that he had no respect for his father's political opinions, the father rebuked him in kindly fashion and added: "We will not talk politics any more." For sixteen years they carefully avoided politics in speaking to one another, although the son became well known as a local Republican politician. In 1888 when he returned from the National Republican Convention which nominated Benjamin Harrison for the presidency, the father came to him and said: "You have nominated a good man for President and I am going to vote for him."

As state senator he originated important bills which became law, regulating the state appropriations, expenses, and certain revenues which had not been usually turned over to the state treasury, and classifying the state's employees.

Mr. Higgins' administration as governor was characterized by the passage of some of the best measures ever signed by a governor of New York in the interest of the people - notably the Page-Agnew 80-cent gas bill, the life insurance bills, the act prohibiting corporations from contributing to campaign funds, the stock transfer tax, the amendments to the Raines law (regulating saloons), the bill for the removal of the tracks in

In 1905 because of the conditions in the ^reat insurance companies of New York, Governor Higgins ordered a searching investigation of the companies. He said: "The insurance investigation was set in motion by me when it appeared that something was radically wrong in the management of great companies. It was conducted to a conclusion without fear or favor by an impartial committee, aided by counsel of the highest rank." It was due to Governor Higgins that the general insurance bill, framed as a result of the investigation, was passed in its original form, without the amendments which would have made it ineffective. In other reform legislation he was equally effective and successful. During his administration Governor Higgins suffered from that form of heart disease which ended his life, and he could have had a renomination, but his doctor warned him that his retirement from politics was absolutely necessary. He heartily acquiesced in the nomination of Mr. Hughes to succeed him, and attended the latter's inauguration at great risk to himself.

A hospital as a memorial to Governor Higgins has been estabhshed on the site of his home at Olean. He left a large estate, chiefly consisting of western timberlands and ore lands.

939. REUBEN PAUL^ HIGGINS (Franfois Wesleif, Franfois De Nogue', James^, Sylvanus^, Israel^, Samuel^, Benjamin^, Richard'^), born Sept. 27, 1880, at McGraw, N. Y.; married Oct. 28, 1908, Mabel Aroa Brewer, daughter of Edward and Eda May (Ainsley) Brewer of Cortland, N. Y.

Reuben P. Higgins graduated from the Cortland Normal School in 1898, from Cornell University in 1902, and from Johns Hopkins Medical School, 1905. He resides at Cortland, N. Y., where he is a physician and surgeon. He has been elected a member of the Board of Education of Cortland, is a prominent Mason and belongs to the Presbyterian Church.

940. HENRY KINGMAN ^ HIGGINS (Louis Jesse\ Franfois De Nogue', James^, Sylvanus^, Israel'^, SamueP, Benjamin'^, Richard^), born July 13, 1888, at Cortland, N. Y.; married Dec. 2, 1910, Ethel May Leete, born March 30, 1891, daughter of Horace and Mabel (Landers) Leete.

941. HENRY SILAS^ HIGGINS (WeHer Chapin\ Silas'', Sylvester^, Heman^, Israel'^, Samuel^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born June 7, 1870, at Norwich, Conn.; married Oct. 17, 1894, Lucy Porter Warner of Norwich, Conn., daughter of John Edward and Sarah E. (Allen) Warner.

942. EDWIN WERTER9 HIGGINS {Werter Chapin^ Silas\ Sylvester^, Heman^, Israel^, Samuel^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born July 2, 1874, at Norwich, Corm.; married Sept. 21, 1904, AHce May Neff, daughter of Christian F. and Mary F. (Binn) Neff of Allegheny, Penn.

Edwin W. Higgins was educated in the schools of Norwich and took his degree in law at Yale University in 1897 and was at once admitted to the bar, beginning the practice of law in the same year. He was elected to the Connecticut General x^ssembly in 1899; served as corporation counsel of the city of Norwich, 1901-02; member of Republican State Central Committee, 1900-

06; Health Officer for New London County, 1900-05; prosecuting attorney for Norwich in 1905. He was elected a delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1904 and 1916. He was four times elected to Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee of the 59th, 60th, 61st and 62d Congresses. He has traveled in Japan, Hawaii, Panama, and Europe. He is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, of Phi Sigma Kappa, and of the American Bar Association. He has been a director and officer of the Groton and Stonington Street Railway Company and of the Uncas Power Company. At present he is vice-president and receiver of The Hopkins and Allen Arms Company. In religious preference he is a Congregationalist. He is a vicepresident of the Higgins Family Association and holds a commission in the Connecticut Home Guard.

943. JOHN MITCHELL^ HIGGINS {Werter Chapin\ Silas\ Sylvester^, Heman^, Israel*, SamueP, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Sept. 7, 1876, at Norwich, Conn.; married Oct. 3, 1899, Georgiana Gregory of Boston, Mass.

John M. Higgins was a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at Boston in 1897; residence Somerville (Tufts College), Mass. No children.

Authority: Most of the data concerning Dan Higgins, son of Samuel and his descendants, here given is taken from Descendants of Francis Le Baron.

945. SENECA DEAN» HIGGINS (RobeH B.\ Robert'', Setk^, Nathan}, Simeon^, SamueP, Benjamin^, Richard}), bom Oct. 8, 1861, at Orleans; married September, 1886, Mary Cross of Morrill, Maine, born July 4, 1862.

946. GEORGE T.^ HIGGINS {Thomas^, Seneca'', Seth\ Nathan^, Simeon'^, SamueP, Benjamin^, Richard^), born in 1875; married Nov. 20, 1895, Sarah Y. Fulcher, daughter of John and Josephine H. (Doane) Fulcher.

949. ELISHA9 HIGGINS (John Henry\ Reuben'', Reuben\ Philip^, Thomas'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Dec. 31, 1848, at Barnard, Maine; married Susan Davis of Minnesota.

iii. Eliza, b. September, 1882; married Henry Smith of Wisconsin. Child, Henry, iv. Gussie, b. May, 1883; d. August, 1884. V. Susan, b. May, 1884; married Edward Johnsted. Children:

950. CHARLES HENRY^ HIGGINS {John Eenry\ Reuben'', Reuben^, Philip^, Thomas*, Benjamin^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born April, 1853, at Barnard, Maine; married Clara Brown of Detroit, Maine.

i. Harold, b. Sept. 25, 1882, at Kingman, Maine; married Linda Willey of Greenboro, Vt. Child: My rtie, b. January, 1910, at Craftsbury, Vt.

ii. Arthur Higgins Chase (adopted), b. March, 1884, at Sebec, Maine; married Louise Chadbourne of Albany, Vt., and had Veda, b. Feb. 9, 1911, at Glover, Vt.

Residence, Wellfleet, Mass. Treasurer and manager of the F. B. Higgins Company at Boothbay Harbor, Maine. Has also resided at Port Clyde, Maine, and at present at Boothbay Harbor,

958. ROBERT WRIGHT^ HIGGINS (William Wright^ Allen'', Judah^, Samuel^, Paul^, Benjamin^, Benjamin"^, Richard^), born July 18, 1874, at Pawtucket, R. I.; married June 18, 1900, Ellen M. Pike, born Oct. 21, 1877, daughter of Austin L. Pike of Providence, R. I.

Residence, Providence, R. I., and later Bridgeport, Conn., where he is now (1917) superintendent of the Whiting Manufacturing Company, silversmiths.

959. ZEDA A.» HIGGINS (William Wrighi\ Allen\ Judah\ SamueP, Paul^, Benjamin^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born March 17, 1878, at Pawtucket, R. I.; married July 5, 1901, Anna M. Braman, born July 30, 1877, daughter of Jason E. Braraan.

died Dec. 6, 1896; daughter of Joseph B. and Mary J. (Peabody) Clark; married (2) June 8, 1898, Ruth Allen, daughter of George W. and Mary (Lester) Allen.

962. FRANK ALBERT^ HIGGINS (Freeman\ Lewis', Prince^, Timothy^, Freeman'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin"^, Richard^), born Jan. 16, 1865; married Marion Field Lawrence, daughter of A. Clarence and Sarah (Field) Lawrence.

963A. ARTHUR PARKERS HIGGINS (Merrill Whitney\ Lewis', Prince^, Timothy^, Freeman'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Aug. 5, 1880, in Manchester, N. H.; married April 12, 1916, Bertha Perry Dunton, daughter of William Henry and Alice (Burrell) Dunton.

964. ALDUS CHAPIN^ HIGGINS (Milton Prince\ Lewis\ Prince^, Timothy^, Freeman'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin'^, Richard^), born Dec. 7, 1872, at Worcester, Mass.; married (1) June 6, 1898, Edgenie Gertrude Brosius, born Aug. 26, 1870; died Sept. 24, 1911; daughter of Milton Louis and Elizabeth (Dillon) Brosius of Lewiston, Penn.; married (2) Jan. 16, 1914, Mary Sprague Green, born June 10, 1882; daughter of James and Mary A. (Messinger) Green of W^orcester, Mass.

Aldus Chapin Higgins received his early education in the public schools of Worcester and prepared for college at the Worcester High School, entering the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, from which he was graduated in the Class of 1893, with the degree of Bachelor of Science. For several months after his graduation he worked as a machinist in one of the shops of which his father was the head. Instead of continuing in the service of any of the corporations which his father had built up, he decided to study law and entered the National University Law School at Washington, D. C. At the same time he was appointed assistant examiner in the United States Patent Office, a position in which his knowledge of mechanics was extended, fitting him in an exceptional degree for the duties of his subsequent positions with the Norton Company and the Norton Grinding Company. In 1896 he received from the law school his degree of Master of Laws cum laude, resigned his position in the Patent Office and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in Worcester County.

After a year of travel he returned to his native city and opened a law office. For several years he was in general practice, making a specialty of patent law and during this time had charge of the patent and legal matters of the Norton Companies, conducting in 1900 the negotiations for the electric-furnace process of making the artificial abrasive known as Alundum acquired by the Norton Company in 1901 and completing the patent work in connection therewith. This branch of the Norton Company work demanded so much of Mr. Higgins' time and attention that he retired from the general practice of the law and entered the service of the Norton companies exclusively.

In 1901 Mr. Higgins built and managed the electric-furnace plant of the Norton Company at Niagara Falls, N. Y., putting the laboratory process of making Alundum upon a commercial basis. His invention of the electric-furnace in which Alundum is made commercially received the John Scott Medal and Premium awarded by the City of Philadelphia on recommendation of the Franklin Institute in 1913. This invention also received notable awards at the St. Louis Exposition.

With the growth of the Norton Company Mr. Higgins' executive activities were extended to cover the acquisition and management of bauxite mines; the erection and management of a plant at Chippawa, Canada, for the manufacture of carbide of silicon, an artificial abrasive known by the trade name of Crystolon; the extension of the manufacture of Alundum to the Canadian plant, and other activities in the organization of the Deutsche Norton Gesellschaft, at Wesseling, Germany. In 1912 IVIr. Higgins was elected secretary and general counsel of the Norton Company and Norton Grinding Company and has continued in executive charge of all abrasive plants of the Norton Company, as well as general counsel for the Norton companies, with headquarters at Worcester, Mass.

Company, a director of the Merchants' National Bank and president of the Bancroft Realty Company, owners of the Bancroft Hotel of Worcester.

In politics Mr. Higgins has been an active Republican, serving for a number of years on the Worcester Republican City Committee, of which he was chairman in 1900.

965. JOHN WOODMAN » HIGGINS (Milton Prince\ Lewis'' , Prince^, Timothy^, Freeman'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin^, Richard^), born Sept. 1, 1874, in Worcester, Mass.; married Jan. 17, 1906, Clara Louise Carter, born July 2, 1882; daughter of Thomas Whitman and Mary Louise (Lupton) Carter of St. Louis, Mo.

He attended public and private schools of his native city, prepared in the Worcester High School and entered the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, from which he graduated in the class of 1896, in the electrical and mechanical engineering courses, with the degree of Bachelor of Science. Immediately after graduation he associated with his father in a new corporation, the Plunger Elevator Company, and for eight years was secretary and superintendent. In 1904 this business was sold to the Otis Elevator Company and Mr. Higgins and his father then established the Worcester Pressed Steel Company, of which he has been the manager to the present time. In 1905 a new plant was built at Barber's Crossing, Worcester, which has been enlarged from time to time until it comprises twenty acres. The business has prospered. Several departments were added, including a cold rolling mill in 1912. Since the death of his father, Mr. Higgins has been president and treasurer.

He has been a director of the Worcester Chamber of Commerce, vice-president of the National Metal Trades Association and president of their Worcester Branch, director of the Associated Industries of Massachusetts, and vice-president of the Safety Council.

He was secretary of the Worcester Congregational Club and director and secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association, in which he was especially active during the new building fund

He is also a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity, the Worcester Club, the Tatnuck Country Club, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Engineers' Club of New York, the Society of Automotive Engineers, the Sons of the American Revolution and the Society of Mayflower Descendants. He is a Congregationalist and an active member of Piedmont Congregational Church of Worcester.

966. EDMUND SAFFORD^ HIGGINS (Edmund Fessenden\ Letois^, Prince^, Timothy^, Freeman'^, Benjamin^, Benjamin"^, Richard^), born Aug. 5, 1885, at Manchester, N. H.; married Sept. 30, 1914, at Philadelphia, Penn., Margaret Lucy Kelley, born at Babylon, N. Y.; daughter of William and Margaret (Bichan) Kelley of Nanticoke, Luzerne Co., Penn.

He was educated in the public schools of Manchester, N. H., and at Yale University, graduating from the Manchester High School in 1903 and from the Sheffield Scientific School in 1906. He chose engineering for his profession and in 1917 was maintenance engineer for the Dupont Powder Company at City Point, Va.

970. BARZILLAI ROBBINS^ HIGGINS (Judiah QuickC John'', Judiah^, Judiah^, Jonathan'^, Jediah^, Jediah"^, Richard^)* born 'April 10, 1868; married Oct. 10, 1900, Ida^Cole, daughter of Richard D. and Elizabeth A. (Chittenden) Cole.

972. ROBERT GADDIS^ HIGGINS (Issachar Hoagland\ Wiliiam Fisher^, Judiah^, Jonathan^, Jonathan*, Jediah^, Jediah^, Richard^), born Aug. 31, 1883; married Oct. 4, 1911, Viola Lovell, born Feb. 1, 1888, daughter of Charles and Annie (Fisher) Lovell of Flemington, N. J.

973. JAMES WALLACE^ HIGGINS (James Ward\ David Sayre', James^, Samuel^, Jonathan'^, Richard^, Zerah?, Richard^), born July 6, 1873; married June 3, 1902, Agnes Hampton Bogart, daughter of Henry C. and Emily (Ryberg) Bogart of Roselle Park, N. J.

975. FREDERICK SEAVER^" HIGGINS {Zehina E.\ Zebina^, James^, Jonathan^, Jonathan^, Samuel*, Jonathan^, Jonathan^, Richard^), born July 12, 1883, at Orleans, Mass.; married there Feb. 15, 1911, Agatha Florence Shackley, daughter of William and Alice F. (Mayo) Shackley.

980. ERNEST GHESTER^" HIGGINS {Marshall Irving^ William Henry^, Enoch'', Ephraim^, Enoch^, Eleazer^, Richard^, Benjamin^, Richard'^), born May 16, 1880, at Wellfleet, Mass.; married Oct. 12, 1904, Annie Baker Higgins, daughter of Gharles F. and Abbie (Baker) Higgins of Wellfleet, Mass.

Unplaced Descendants Of Richard Higgins

Isaac Hopkins of Truro and Elizabeth Higgins of Eastham married Aug. 22, 1757, by Mr. Cheever, minister of Wellfleet (Eastham North Precinct).

Zebulon Young, Jr., and Elizabeth Higgins, both of Eastham, married Jan. 26, 1758, by Rev. Joseph Crocker. Children: Mercy, b. Nov. 19, 1758; Zebulon, b. Sept. 2, 1760.

Ebenezer Harding and Constant Higgins, both of Eastham, int. Jan. 1, 1780. This record is a puzzle and it is impossible to identify the persons mentioned. Possibly it was intended for Ebenezer Higgins and Constant or Content Harding. It would then be the record of the third marriage of Ebenezer^ Higgins, son of Ichabod. But the date seems to conflict with that of the will of Ebenezer Higgins.

Probably Descendants Of Richard Higgins

ELEAZER HIGGINS, born, it is asserted by a descendant, on Cape Cod; died at Eden, Maine; married Sarah Hadley, born in Eden, Maine; died at Eastport, Maine.

This Eleazer Higgins was grandfather of Mrs. Florence DeHna (Higgins) Moses of Eastport, Maine, who had given the information. It has been impossible to place this Eleazer Higgins in connection with the known Higgins Families of Eden, Maine. Perhaps Mrs. Moses was mistaken in the Christian name of her grandfather.

SIMEON^ HIGGINS (Eleazer^) is probably the Simeon Higgins of Eastport, Maine, who married and had a son Lorenzo Higgins. Lorenzo Higgins married and had a son Lorenzo S. Higgins, who married Lorinda Cunningham of Cape Sable, daughter of Seth. His residence was at St. Andrews, N. B., and at Brunswick, Maine.

i. Lorenzo S., Jr., b. at St. Andrews, N. B.; married Nov. 15, 1890, Georgia A. Hughes of Brunswick, Maine, born at Bath, Maine. Their daughter, Madeline G. Higgins, b. Nov. 15, 1893, at Brunswick, Maine.

J0HN2 HIGGINS (Eleazer^), born April 23, 1813, at Eden, Maine; died March 27, 1906, at Eastport, Maine; married at Eastport, June 25, 1841, Hannah Shackford Pearce, born Aug. 11, 1818, at Eastport, Maine; died there Nov. 13, 1880; daughter of Thomas and EHzabeth (Clark) Pearce of Eastport.

i. Perley Hartwell, b. 1876 at Ellsworth, Maine; married (1) Nov. 10, 1903, at Bangor, Maine, Grace Darling, b. 1874 at Houlton, Maine, daughter of Jacob and Ellen Darling of Houlton; married (2) Oct. 14, 1908, at Bangor, Thelina May Parsons, b. 1888 at Houlton, Maine, daughter of George and Mary Parsons of Hadlock, N. B. Perley H. Higgins was by occupation laborer and teamster. Child: Elizabeth Rose, b. Feb. 17, 1908, at Bangor, Maine, ii. Annie B., b. 1879 at Ellsworth; married June 27, 1899, at Hampden, Maine, Alvie Humphrey of Hampden, b. 1876, millman.

"Freeman Higgins of Eastham and Thankful his wife (see No. 64), Prince Snow, mariner, and Reliance his wife of Barnstable, Mercy Higgins, widow, of Truro, and Mary King of Boston, widow, the legal heirs and representatives of Elisha Paine, deceased, authorize Titus Hosmer of Middletown to sell land in Middletown, Conn., to James Hopkins, June 11, 1770." Middletovm Land Records, vol. xxii, p. 121.

The four following families were given as sons and grandsons of SamueP Higgins {Joshua'^, Jediah^, Jediah^, Richard^), but this is believed to be impossible, because James and Jediah are not mentioned in the will of SamueF Higgins as his children. Just where James and Jediah belong elsewhere has not been determined, but the undoubted fact is that they belong to Richard Higgins' descendants, among the New Jersey lines.

i. Joshua, b. about 1846; married Amelia Randolph, ii. Jediah, b. July 23, 1848; married (1) Gertrude Graves; (2) Mary Bartedo; (3) Mrs. Ellen (Conlon) Flanagan.

JEDL\H HIGGINS (Jediah), born July 23, 1848; died - - ; married (1) Gertrude Graves; (2) Mary Bartedo; married (3) Mrs. Ellen (Conlon) Flanagan^ widow of John Flanagan of New York City.

The will of Morris Higgins, of Middletown township, Monmouth County, N. J., dated Oct. 2, 1847, proved March 19, 1867, mentions mother, Hannah Higgins, and sister, Frances Hughes. His wife was Eleanor, from whom he separated Feb. 9, 1849. Her will, dated Oct. 22, 1850, leaves property to the children of Joseph M. Cottrell, late of Marlborough township, Monmouth Co., N. J. She may have been a Cottrell herself. No Higgins children mentioned.

The will of Mrs. Lavinia Higgins, dated at Redbank, N. J., Sept. 10, 1887, mentions husband John Higgins and children mentioned below. Her residence is given as Oceanic township.

William Higgins of the township of Franklin, Gloucester Co., N. J. Will dated June 6, 1829; proved July 1, 1829. Leaves all property to wife Fanny. No children mentioned. (Book C, p. 375 of Gloucester County Wills at Woodbury, N. J.)

Isaac C. Higgins, probably of Somerset Co., died before 1856. He was married and had children, Mary, Joseph C. and Mary C, who are in the records called "legatees of the late Joseph Higgins." (Somerset Co., N. J., Probate Book C, p. 383.)

Possibly Descendants Of Richard Higgins

TIMOTHY^ HIGGINS was in 1790 living at Bowdoin, Maine, with a family of seven sons and one or two daughters, as is shown by the census of that year. The date of his birth is unknown and no gravestone has been discovered. The vital records of Bowdoin were destroyed by fire in "the early seventies" and consequently no dates regarding him or his family can be recovered. His grandson, Nathaniel S. Higgins, affirmed that Timothy Higgins came from Cape Cod. In this he may have been right, but no record has anywhere been found which lends support to the idea. The statement cannot be rejected as unreasonable, since the records of several Eastham Higgins families are either wanting or very imperfect.

ZACCHEUS BEAL^ HIGGINS {D7jer\ Timothy^), born March 10, 1802, at Lisbon, Maine; died Aug. 24, 1879, at Webster, Maine; married Nov. 10, 1820, Mary Linscott Totman of Great Island, Harps well, Maine.

Perry; (2) Mrs. Chandley or Chandler, iv. Lucretia Denney, b. July 15, 1827; married Moses Sinclare. She d. May 12, 1900, at Lisbon, Maine, where she resided. Children: Everett (moved to New Hampshire); Willis (moved to New Hampshire); Cyrus, v. Hannah, b. Nov. 19, 1830, at Webster, Maine; married

Chandley. viii. Melvina, b. about 1842; d. Aug. 8, 1906; married George T. Allen of Lisbon, Maine, later moved to New Hampshire. Children: Frank, Mary, Curtis.

John Woodward at Topsham, Maine. Children: Alvin Wade, b. July 19, 1851; George Willard, b. July 22, 1853. The two sons removed to Tacoma, Wash., in 1888.

NATHANIEL SMITH^ HIGGINS (Dyer\ Timothy'), bom Oct. 25, 1806, at Lisbon, Maine; died April 26, 1889, at Calais, Maine; married Mrs. Margaret (Collins) Rollins, Dec. 17, 1832, at Wesley, Maine.

i. John Edwin, b. Oct. 3, 1850, at Lisbon, Maine, ii. Matilda Jane, b. Oct. 30, 1852, at Webster, Maine; d. May 25, 1875, at Lewiston, Maine; married Oct. 16, 1873, Israel Phillips Folsom, son of William and Mary (Phillips) Folsom. Child: WilUam Higgins, b. April 20, 1875.

MARTIN VAN BUREN^ HIGGINS {Zaccheus Beal\ Dyer\ Timothy^), born January, 1838, died May 11, 1901, aged 63 years, 4 mos.; married Fanny Chandley, born 1860; died May 5, 1883, aged 23 years. Both buried at West Bowdoin, Maine.

i. Ernest, b. in Webster, Maine (or Lisbon Falls) ; married Nov. 4, 1916, Aura P. Hewitt of Richmond, Maine, daughter of Capt. Charles E. Hewitt. Residence Kittery, Maine.

Aug. 31, 1857, at Wesley, Maine, Laura H. Stuart, born April 11, 1841, at Northfield, Maine; died Feb. 11, 1907, at Framingham, Mass.; daughter of Robert and Deborah (Libbey) Stuart.

i. Anna Laura, b. April 8, 1864, at Calais, Maine; married Wilford A. Bailey, Sept. 4, 1886, at Framingham, Mass. Residence, Worcester, Mass.

ERNEST EDWARDS HIGGINS {Willis Foster\ Nathaniel, Dyer\ Timothy'^), born March 22, 1874, at Calais, Maine; married Oct. 9, 1902, at East Machias, Alice Burrill, born May 26, 1872, at East Machias, Maine; daughter of Henry and Amelia Burrill.

He lived at Warsaw and Laona, N. Y., and at Palmyra, Wis., and then went to Chicago with one of his sons. It is stated that he was killed by a locomotive, being thrown from the track at or near Englewood. The name of his wife is unknown. Informant could not furnish dates. He had a brother, John Higgins.

married and has one son and four daughters. ii. Shelley Eugene, b. at Chicago; residence Whitewater, Mich.; a physician; married and has one son and three daughters.

Records Of Revolutionary War Service

The records of Revolutionary War service contained in this volume have been taken from the published records of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, and New Jersey. When the individual soldiers or sailors could be identified with a reasonable degree of certainty, their records have been placed under their names in the body of the work. In a few cases well attested family tradition has been accepted as the evidence of such service. The records which follow in this place are those of unidentified persons, and are taken from Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in the Revolution, published by the Commonwealth. Of these persons Josiah, Jonathan, Seth, and Zaccheus were probably descendants of Richard Higgins of Eastham. Of the others this cannot be confidently affirmed.

Higgins, Archibald, Worcester. Private Capt. Abiathar Angel's CO., Col. David Brewer's regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775; enlisted May 15, 1775; service 2 mos. 3 weeks; also, Capt. John Wright's co., Col. David Brewer's (9th) regt.; company return (probably October, 1775); reported right arm shot oflf Oct. 6, 1775, and as having died in October, 1775.

Higgins, Edward, Portsmouth, N. H. Descriptive list of officers and crew of the ship "America," commanded by Capt. John Somes, sworn to in Suffolk Co. June 8, 1780; age 14 years; stature 4 ft. 10 ins.; complexion light; residence Portsmouth.

Higgins, George, Salem. Sailor ship "Rhodes," commanded by Capt. Nehemiah Buffinton; descriptive list of officers and crew, sworn to Aug. 14, 1780; age 18 yrs.; stature 5 ft. 7 ins.; complexion light; residence Salem.

Higgins, John. Company receipt given to Capt. Oliver Soper for wages for Feb. and March 1776, dated New York; also company receipt given to Capt. Soper for ration allowance on March from Dorchester to New York, dated New York, April 29, 1776; also receipt for cartridge boxes, given to Lieut. Abijah Lincoln, dated New York, May 31, 1776, signed by said Higgins and others; also, company receipts given to Capt. Soper for wages May to Aug., 1776.

Higgins, John, Salem. Sailor ship "Rhodes," commanded by Capt. Nehemiah Buffinton; descriptive list of officers and crew sworn to Aug. 14, 1780; age 27 years; stature 5 ft. 6 ins.; complexion light; residence Salem.

Higgins, John. Account dated Ipswich Jan. 18, 1782, rendered by the Selectmen, of bounties paid said Higgins and others to serve in the Continental Army for the term of 3 years, agreeable to resolve of Dec. 2, 1780.

Higgins, Josiah, Brookfield. Private Capt. John Cutler's CO., Col. Luke Drury's regt., marched from home Aug. 27, 1781; joined regt. at West Point Sept. 3, 1781; discharged Dec. 3, 1781; service 3 mos. 14 days, including travel (150 miles) home; residence Brookfield; enlisted for town of Brookfield; enlistment 3 months.

Higgins, Joel. Private (late) Capt. Jonas Parker's co., Lieut. Col. John Brook's (7th) regt.; muster roll for Jan., 1781, dated West Point; enlisted July 18, 1780; enUstment 6 mos., reported disch. Jan. 18, 1781.

Higgins, Jonathan. List of prisoners sent from Newport, R. I., in the prison ship "Lord Sandwich," and landed at Bristol March 7, 1778; reported a seaman.

Higgins, Lowden D. (also given Lowden Nona). Sheffield, Private Capt. Ephraim Fitch's co.. Col. Benjamin Simonds' detachment of Berkshire Co. militia; muster roll dated Ticonderoga Feb. 25, 1777, enHsted Dec. 16, 1776; enlistment to expire March 15, 1777; also, list of men raised in Berkshire Co. to serve in the Continental Army for the term of 9 mos., agreeable to resolve of April 20, 1778, as returned by Truman Wheeler, Muster Master, dated Great Barrington, June 5, 1778. Residence Sheffield.

Higgins, Seth. Seaman brigantine "Hawke," commanded by Capt. Jonathan Oaks; engaged May 3, 1777; service 1 mo. with the fleet under Commodore John Manley. Roll sworn to in Middlesex Co.

Higgins, Morris, Leicester. Private Capt. Seth Washburn's CO., Col. Ward's regt., which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service 8 days.

Higgins, Robert, Taunton. Private Capt. Jesse Saunders' CO., Col. P. D. Sergeant's regt.; muster roll dated Aug. 1, 1775, enhsted May 2, 1775; service 91 days.

Higgins, Seth, Wellfleet. Private Capt. Benjamin Godfrey's CO., Col. John Cushing's regt.; service from Sept. 23, 1776, 60 days at Rhode Island; roll dated Newport; also, Capt. Benjamin Godfrey's co.. Col. Josiah Whitney's regt.; arrived at destination May 10, 1777; discharged July 10, 1777; service 2 mos. 13 days at Rhode Island, travel (13 days) included; 118 miles reported as distance from Wellfleet to place of destination; enlistment 2 mos., roll dated Boston Neck, South Kingston.

Higgins, Zaccheus. Private Capt. Jonathan Andrew's co.. Col. Joseph Prince's regt.; enhsted May 8, 1780; discharged Dec. 31, 1780; service 7 mos. 24 days, under Brig. Gen. Wadsworth at the Eastward; mileage home (120 miles) allowed. Roll certified at Thomaston.

Higgins, Zenas. Private Capt. Samuel Warner's co.. Col. John Brown's (Berkshire Co.) regt.; enlisted July 18, 1780; discharged Oct. 23, 1780; service 3 mos. 13 days, travel (130 miles) included; regiment raised for 3 months.

Addenda

While this volume was in press some important documents have become accessible, not previously available. In 1893 Mrs. Rebecca (Kingman) Higgins, wife of Eliakim Higgins, gave to her nephew, Mr. Josiah Paine of Harwich, now deceased, a large number of old documents, chiefly deeds, which had come down in her husband's family for generations. One of these, dated 1711, is valuable because it clearly shows that Jonathan^, Joseph^, and Elisha^ were sons of Jonathan^ and Elizabeth (Rogers) Higgins, By the courtesy of the present owner of these documents, this deed is printed in full in this place and abstracts of other deed are given.

"To all People to whome these Presents Shall Com Greeting. Know ye that I Joseph Higgin senr of Eastham In the county of Barnstable in the Province of the Massachusetts bay &c: for & In consideration of the sum of eight pounds to me in hand paid by Jonathan Higgins Junr & Elisha Higgins both of Eastham in the county & Jurisdiction above named have Granted bargained sould Enfeofed and confirmed & delivered & hereby do for myself my heirs executors and administrators Grant bargain sell Enfeof confirm & deliver unto them the sd Jonathan Higgins Junr & Elisha Higgins & to their heirs & assigns for ever all that my one third part of that parcell of Land lying at the barley neck in Eastham aforesd given to our deceased mother Elizabeth Higgins by our Deceased Grandfather, Leutt Joseph Rogers the whole being eight acres more or less Ruled and bounded as may apeer by the origenall Grant thereof with my one third part of all swamp & medow ground thereto belonging as also my one third part of a small division of Land Granted by the Town of Eastham on the northwest part of sd land together with all members rights privileges & appurtenances every ways belonging & appertaining to all and singuler the sd Granted third parts of all and singuler the Granted premises whatsoever To have & to hold all & Singuler the Granted premises from me the sd Joseph Higgins my heirs executors & administrators unto them the sd Jonathan Higgins & Elisha Higgins & to their heirs & assigns forever free & clere & clerely aquited of & from all maner of entanglements \\Tiatsoever hereby declering that before & untill the time of Granteing these presents I was the true & Lawfull propriator of all the sd Granted premises & that the same was my own proper estate in fee simple & I thereby had good right full power & Lawfull authority to Grant bargain sell Enfeof & confirm as above sd & that the sd Jonathan Higgins & Ehsha Higgins are allredy in the full & Lawfull possesion of all the

Granted premises & may & shall by value of these presents by them selves their heirs & assigns for ever use occupie & Improve the same without suite let or hindrance warranting the title & tenure here of aginst all Lawfull claimes & challenges whatsoever.

In witness where of I have here to set my hand & seal this twenty eight day of May In the tenth year of her Majts Reign Annoque x^'om 1/11. Joseph higgins (seal)

Barnstable ss : on the day & year above writen the above named Joseph Higgins appeared before me the Subscriber one of her majts Justices of the peace for sd county & acknowledged the above writen to be his act & Deed Joseph Doane

By another deed, dated May 4, 1702, Jonathan Higgins and Jona Higgins, Jr., and Joseph Higgins all of Eastham, yeomen, convey to Nathaniel Mayo and Samuel Mayo their parcels of marsh or sedge ground at a place "comonly called lettel billingsgat with a parcel of upland at a place comonly called Griffins Island."