Groton Town (part 6 of 9)

The Indians soon acquired from the English the love of strong drink, which is sure to lead to disputes and quarrels. The earliest documents at the State House, relating to Groton and the savages, give an account of a drunken brawl wdiich ended in murder. The affair took place in the Merrimack Valley, and several men of this town were summoned to appear as witnesses at the investigation before the General Court in Boston. In the spring of 1668 Captain Eichard Waldron built a trucking or trading-house at Penacock (now Concord), New Hampshire, where a few weeks later one Thomas Dickinson was murdered by an Indian while under the influence of liquor. The homicide created great excitement, and it has been supposed to have delayed the permanent settlement of the place for many years. A warrant was issued directing the constable of Groton to summon John Page, Thomas Tarbell, Jr., Joseph Blood and Kobert Parish, all of this town, before the General Court in order to give their testimony, which they did under oath. It appeared by the evidence that there had been a drunken row, and that Dickinson was killed by iui Indian, who acknowledged the crime and expressed great sorrow for it, but pleaded drunkenness in extenuation of the deed. The culprit was tried at once by a council of the Indians, who sentenced him to be shot, which w^as done the next day. It is interesting now to note the high temperance stand taken, more than two hundred years ago, by the Chief Tohaunto, which places him abreast of the most earnest opposers of the rum traffic at the present time.

During a series of years before Philip's War the Indians had been supplied with arms and ammunition, though this was contrary to the laws of the Colonies. The French in Canada and the Dutch in New York had carried on considerable traffic with the natives in these contraband articles ; and occasionally some avaricious settler would barter with them, giving powder and shot in exchange. The possession of firearms made the Indians bold and insolent, and the tendency of events was toward open hostilities. This tendency was strengthened by a feeling of suspicion on the part of the colonists, and by one of iealousy on the part of the savages. Distrust always grows out of suspicion, and the fears of the settlers began to be excited when they thought of their exposed situation. Under these circumstances, it was wise to prepare for all emergencies ; and at an earlyday a military company was organized in this town. The following entry is made in the manuscript records of the General Court during the session beginning May 6, 1673 :

" James Parker of Groaten haning had the care of the military Company there for seuei-all yeares. is Appointed & ordered to be their leiftennant & W^ Larkin to be ensigne to the sajd Company there." i *

The two officers of this organization were each promoted one grade during the next autumn, which would indicate that the company was filling up in numbers. At the session of the General Court beginning October 15, 1673, the record reads :

" The military Company of Groaten being destitut of military ofcers The Court Judgeth it meet to choose & Appoint James Parker to be their captane Lakin to be leiftennant & Nathaniel Lawrence to be their ensigne.3 "'

Before this time there had been in Middlesex County a company of troopers, or cavalry, made up of men living in the frontier towns, of which Groton was one - as mentioned in the General Court Eecords of October, 1669.

One of the prominent men in the history of the Colony at this period was Major Simon Willard. A native of England, he came to Massachusetts in the year 1634. He had lived at Concord, Lancaster and Groton, and in all these places exerted a wide influence. He had filled various civil offices, and in his day was a noted military man. His farm was situated at Nonacoicus, now included within the limits of Ayer ; and his dwelling-house was the first building burned at the attack on Groton, March 13, 1676. During several months previously he had been engaged with his men in scouting along the line of frontier settlements and protecting the inhabitants. At this assault Major Willard came with a company of cavalry to the relief of the town, though he did not 'reach the place in time to be of service in its defence. He died at Charlestowu, on April 24, 1676, a very few weeks after this town was abandoned. Benjamin Thompson, the earliest native American poet, pays the following tribute to his character, in a little pamphlet published during Philip's War, and entitled " New England's Tears." It is certainly rude in expression, and probably just in its conception, but not accurate as to the date of his death :

"About this Time Died Major Willard Esq.; who had continued one of our Senators many years, and Head of the 2Iassachuset Bands. In 23 April 1676.

" Great. Good, and Just, Valiant, and Wise, New Euglands Common Sacrince : The Prince of War, the Bond of Love, A True Heroich Martial Dove : Pardon I croud his Parts so close mdch all the World in measure knows. We envy Death, and well ice may, Wlio "keeps him under Lock and Key. ''^

Nearly one-and-twenty years had passed since the little settlement in the wilderness was begun, and Groton was fast approaching its majority. The new town had enjoyed a moderate share of prosperity, and was slowly working out its destiny. The founders were poor in this world's goods, but rich in faith ai5d courage. They had now tasted the hardships of frontier life, but not as yet felt the horrors of savage warfare. The distant thunders of a threatening storm were beginning to be heard, and the occasional flashes put the early settlers on their guard. Philip's War had broken out during the summer of 1675, and the outlying settlements were exposed to new dangers. The inhabitants of this town took such precautions as seemed needful, and trusted in Providence for the rest. They were just beginning to prepare for the workof anothe?seasl)n, when a small band of prowling Indians alarmed the town by pillaging eight or nine houses and driving off some cattle. This occurred on March 2, 1676, and was a sufficient warning, probably, to send the inhabitants to the garrisonhouses, whither they were wont to flee in time of danger. These places of refuge w^ere usually houses surrounded by a strong wall of stone or timber, built up as high as the eaves, with a gateway, and portholes for the use of musketry.

In Groton there were five such garrison-houses, and under their protection many a sleepless, anxious night was passed by the inmates. Four of these houses were very near each other, and the fifth was nearly a mile away. The sites of some of them are well known. One was Mr. Willard's house, which stood near the High School ; another was Captain Parker's house, which stood just north of the Town Hall ; and a third was John Nutting's house, on the other side of James's Brook. The fourth was proba- bly north of John Nutting's, but perhaps south of Mr. Willard's. There is a tradition that one stood near the house formerly owned and occupied by the late Eber Woods, which would make the fifth garrison-house " near a mile distant from the rest." Richard Sawtell, the first town-clerk, was living on this site at that time, and his house would have been a convenient rallying-point for his neighbors. Without doubt he was the Richard Sawtell who served in Major Appleton's company during Philip's War.

It is recorded in the inventory of his estate, on file in the Middlesex Probate Office at East Cambridge, that Timothy Cooper, of Groton, was " Sleine by the Indeins the Second day of march, 1675-6." Cooper was an Englishman by birth, and lived, probably, somewhere between the Baptist meeting-house and the beginning of Farmers' Row. It is not known that there was other loss of life at this time, but the affair was serious enough to alarm the inhabitants. They sought refuge immediately in the garrison-houses, as the Indians were lurking in the vicinity. On March 9th the savages again threatened the beleaguered town, and by a cunningly contrived ambush, managed to entrap four men at work, of whom one was killed and one captured, while the other two escaped. This second assault must have produced great alarm and consternation among the people of the town. The final and main attack, however, came on the 13th, when the enemy appeared in full body, - thought to be not less than four hundred in number. The inhabitants at this time all were gathered into the several garrisons for protection. During the previous night the savages scattered throughout the neighborhood^ and the first volley of shot on the morning of the 13th was a signal for the general burning of the town ; and in this conflagration the first meetinghouse of Groton was destroyed, together with about forty dwelling-houses. This building, erected at the cost of many and great privations, was the pride of the inhabitants. With its thatched roof, it must have burned quickly ; and in a very short time nothing was left but a heap of smoking embers. Although it had never been formally dedicated to religious worship, it had been consecrated in spirit to the service of God by the prayers of the minister and the devotion of t}\e congregation. In this assault John Nutting's garrison was taken by stratagem. The men defending it had been drawn out by two Indians, apparently alone, when the savages in ambush arose and killed one of the men, probably John Nutting himself, and wounded three others. At the same time the garrisonhouse, now defenceless, was attacked in the rear and the palisades pulled down, allowing the enemy to take possession. The women and children, comprising those of five families, escaped to Captain Parker's house, situated between James's Brook and the site of the Town-House.

There is a family tradition, worthy of credence, that John Nutting was killed while defending his' loghouse fort during Philip's War. His wife's name appears a few months later in the Woburn townrecords as " Widow Nutting," which is confirmatory of the tradition.

very soon after it was ended, and these furnish all that is known in regard to it. At that time there was no special correspondent on the spot to get the news ; and, as the means for communication were limited, these narratives differ somewhat in the details, but they agree substantially in their general statements.

With the exception of Hubbard's Narrative, the contemporary accounts of this assault on the town are all short ; and I give them in the words of the writers, for what they are worth. The first is from " A Brief History of the Warr with the Indians in Newe England," by IncreaseMather, published in the year 1676. This account, one of the earliest in print, is as follows :

" March the 10th. Mischief was done, and several lives cut off by the Indians this day, at Groton and at Sudbury. An humbling Providence, inasmuch as many Churches were this day Fasting and Praying. (Page 23.)

^^ March lii. The Indians assaulted Grotow, and left but few houses standing. So that this day also another Candlestick was removed out of its place. One of the first houses that the enemy destroyed in this place, was the House of God, h. e. which was built, and set apart for the celebration of the jmblick "Worship of God.

" When they had done that, they scoifed and blasphemed, and came to Mr. Willard (the worthy Pastor of the Church there) his house (which being Fortified, they attempted not to destroy it) and tauntingly, said, What icill you do for a house to pray in now tee have burnt your Meetinghouse f Thus hath the enemy Hone wickedly in the Sanctuary, they have burnt up the Synagogues of God in the Land ; they have cast fire into the Sanctuary ; they have cast down the dwelling place of his name to the Ground. 0 God, how long shall the Adversary approach f shall th« Enemy Blaspheme thy Name for ever f why wtthdrawest thou thine hand, even thy right hand f pluck it out of thy bosome.' ' (Page 24.)

Several accounts of the war appeared in London in 1676, only a few months after the destruction of this town. They were written in New England, and sent '.o Old England, where they were at once published in thin pamplets. The authors of them are now unknown, but undoubtedly they gathered their materials from hearsay. At that time Indian affairs in New England atti acted a good deal of attention in the mother country. One of these pamphlets is entitled : " A True Account of the most Considerable Occurrences that have hapned in the Warre between the English and the Indians in New England, ... as it hath been communicated by Letters to a Friend iu London." This narrative says :

"On the 13th of 2Iarch, before our Forces could return towards our Parts, the Indians sent a strong party, and assaulted the Town of about forty miles North-west from Boston, and burn'd all the deserted Houses ; the Garrison'd Houses, which were about ten, all escaped but one, which they carryed, but not the English in it ; for there was but one slain and two wounded." (Page 2.)

Another account, entitled : "A New and Further Narration of the State of New England, being a continued account of the Bloudy Indian-war," gives the following version :

" The 14th of 3Iarch the savage Enemy set upon a Considerable Town called Gromjhton, and burnt Major Wilberds House first (who with his family removed to Charls Town) and afterwards destroyed sixty Five dwelling-houses more there, leaving but six houses standing in the whole Town, which they likewise furiously attempted to set on fire ; But being fortified with Arms and Men as Garisons, they with their shot, killed several of the Enemy, and prevented so much of their designe ; Nor do we hear that any person on our side was here either slain or taken captive." (Page 4.)

A few pages further on it says : '-' Grantham and Kashaivay all ruined but one house or two." (Page 14.) Few persons would recognize this town under the disguise of Grantham.

" The 1th of March following these bloody Indians march't to a considerable Town called Croaton where they first set fire to Major Willards house, and afterwards burnt 65 more, there being Seaventy two houses at first so that there was left standing but six houses of the whole Town." (Page 4.)

The details of the burning of the town are found in " A Narrative of the Troubles with the Indians in New England," written by the Reverend William Hubbard, and printed in the year 1677. It is the fullest history of the events relating to Groton appearing near the time; and very likely many of the facts were obtained from the Reverend Mr. Willard. The account is not as clear as might be desired, and contains some glaring discrepancies, but it is too long to be quoted here.

The Indians were a cowardly set and never attacked in open field. They never charged on works in regular column, but depended rather on craft or cunning to defeat their adversary. The red hellhounds - as they w^ere sometimes called by our pious forefathers - were always ready to attack women and children, but afraid to meet men. The main body of the savages passed the night following the final attack in "an adjacent valley," which cannot now be easily identified, but some of them lodged in the garrison-house, which they had taken ; and the next morning, after firing two or three volleys at Captain Parker's house, they departed. They carried off a prisoner, - John Morse, the town clerk, - who was ransomed a short time afterward. The following reference to him in an undated letter, written bv the

"May ye 12th [167G] Good wife Diuens [Divoll] and Good wife Ketle vpon ransom paid, came into concord. & vpon like ransom presently [ajfter John Moss of Groton & lieftenant Carlors [Kerley's] Daughter of Lancaster were set at liberty & 9 more w'out ransom." (Mather Manuscripts in the Prince Collection, at the Boston Public Library, L 76.)

The ransom for John Morse was paid by John Hubbard, of Boston, and amounted to ''about five pounds." Morse's petition to the Council, to have Hubbard reimbursed, is found among the Massachusetts Archives (LXIX. 48).

Fortunately the loss of life or limb on the part of the inhabitants of the town was small, and it is not known that more than three persons were killed - of whom one was Timothy Cooper, and another, without doubt, John Nutting - and three wounded ; two were made prisoners, of whom one escaped from the savages and reached Lancaster, and the other, John Morse, was ransomed.

The lot of these early settlers was indeed hard and bitter ; they had seen their houses destroyed and their cattle killed, leaving them nothing to live on. Their alternative now was to abandon the plantation, which they did with much sadness and sorrow. The settlement was broken up, and the inhabitants scattered in different directions among their friends and kindred. In the spring of 1678, after an absence of two years, they returned and established anew the little town on the frontier.

Stood The First Meeting House Of Groton

The monument, in connection with two others relating to the history of the town, was dedicated with appropriate exercises in the Town Hall on Feb. 20, 1880, when an address was delivered by Dr. Samuel A. Green, which was subsequently printed.

After Philip's War the colonists were at peace with the Indians, but it was a suspicious kind of peace. It required watching and a show of strength to keep it; there was no good-will between the native race and the white intruders. The savages at best made bad neighbors ; they were treacherous and addicted to drink. The following entries in the town records show that they were a shiftless and drunken set :

" Jnneuary 31 1681 It [was] agred upon by the select men That the ludanes shall be warned out of the Toune forth with and if the shall ueiglect the warning and if any of them be taken drounke or in drinke or with drinke Then these parsons ar to be sezed and brout be fours the select men either by constable or by any other parson and be pounesed accordin as the law doth direct and the Informar shall be sattised for his paines"

" March 28 1682 two Indian squaws being apprehended In drinke & with drinke brought to y* select men one squaw Nehatchechin swaw being drouncke was sentanced to receive & did i-eceive ten stripes the other John Nasqunns sway was sentanced to pay S^ 4^ cash and loose her two quart bottle and the Liquour in it awarded to Sargnt Laken who seized them."

troublesome, and for the next fifteen or twentyyears continued their occasional depredations bymurdering the inhabitants, burning their houses, destroying their crops or killing their cattle. Into these garrison-houses the neighboring families gathered at night, where they were guarded by armed men who warned the inmates of any approach of danger.

At times troops were stationed here by the Colonial authorities for the protection of the town ; and the orders and counter orders to the small garrison show too well that danger was threatening. In the meanwhile King William's War was going on ; and the enemy had material and sympathetic aid from the French in Canada. The second attack on the town came in the summer of 1694, and the accounts of it I prefer to give in the words of contemporary waiters. Sometimes there are discrepancies, but, in the main, such narratives are trustworthy.

" Nor did the Storm go over so : Some Drops of it fell upon the Town of Gi-oton, a Town that laj% one would think, far enough off the Place where was the last Scene of the Tragedy.

" On July 27. [1694,] about break of Day Groton felt some surprising Blows from the Indian Hatchets. They began their Attacks at the House of one Lieutenant Lalin, in the Out-skirts of the Town; but met with a Eepulse there, and lost one of their Crew. Nevertheless, in other Parts of that Plantation (when the good People had been so tired out as to lay down their Military Watch) there were more than Twenty Persons killed, and more than a Dozen carried away. Mr. Gershoni Ho' hart, the Minister of the Place, with part of his Family, was Kemarkably preserved from falling into their Hands, when they made themselves the Masters of his House ; though they Took Two of his Children, whereof the one was Killed, and the other some time after happily Rescued out of his Captivity." (Book YII. page 80.)

"Having crossed Merrimack, on the 27th of July [1694] they fell upon Groton, about 40 miles from Boston. They were repulsed at Lakin's garrison house, but fell upon other houses, where the people were off their guard, and killed and carried away from the vicinity about forty persons. Toxus's two nephews were killed by his side, and he had a dozen bullets through his blanket, according to Charlevoix, who adds that he carried the fort or garrison and then went to make spoil at the gates of Boston ; in both which facts the French account is erroneous." (11. 82.)

In the assault of July, 1694, the loss on the part of the inhabitants was considerably greater than when the town was destroyed in the attack of 1676. It is said that the scalps of the unfortunate victims were given to the Count de Frontenac, Governor of Canada. A large majority, and perhaps all, of the prisoners taken at this time were children. The Indians had learned that captives had a market vakie ; and children, when carried off, could be more easily guarded than adults. It was more profitable for the savages to exchange prisoners for a ransom, or sell them to the French, than it was to kill them. It is now too late to give the names of all the sufferers, but a few facts in regard to them may be gathered from fragmentary sources. The families that suffered the severest lived, for the most part, in the same general neighborhood, which was near the site of the first meeting-house. Lieut. AVilliam Lakin's house, where the fight began, was situated in the vicinity of Chicopee Row.

Mr. Gershom Hobart, the minister, whose house was captured in this assault, lived where the Baptist meeting-house now stands. One of his boys was killed, and another, Gershom, Jr., was carried off. There is a tradition extant that a third child was concealed under a tub in the cellar, and thus saved from the fury of the savages. Judge Sewall writes in his diary, under the date of May 1, 1695 :

"Mr. Hobarts son Gershom is well at a new Fort a days Journey above Nerigavvag [Norridgewock], Masters name is Nassacombgwit, a good Master, and Mistress. Master is chief Captain, now Bambazeen is absent."

According to a letter written by the Keverend John Cotton to his wife at Plymouth, and dated " Election-night, Boston " (May 29, 1695), he was rescued from captivity during that month. The inscription on the Shepley monument says that "the Indians massacred all the Sheples in Groton save a John Sheple 16 years old who the[y] carried captive to Canada and kept him 4 years, after which he returned to Groton and from him descended all the Sheples or Shepleys in this Vicinity ;'' but there is no record to show how many there were in this family. Mr. Butler, in his History (page 97), makes substantially the same statement, but does not mention any number. In my list it is placed at five, which is conjectural ; of this number probably four were slain. Shepley Jived near where the Martin's Pond Road starts off from the North Common. The knowledge which the boy John obtained of their language and customs, while a prisoner among the Indians, was of much use to him in after-life. Tradition says that, when buying furs and skins of them, he used to put his foot in one scale of the balance instead of a pound weight. In the summer of 1704, while he and thirteen other men were reaping in a field at Groton, they were attacked by a party of about twenty Indians. After much skirmishing Shepley and one of his comrades, Butterfield by name, succeeded in killing one of the assailants, for which act they were each granted four pounds by the Provincial authorities. He was the direct ancestor of the late Honorable Ether Shepley, of Portland, formerly chief justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of the State of Maine, and his son, the late Gen. George Foster Shepley, formerly a justice of the Circuit Court of the First Circuit of the United States. John's petition to the General Court, asking that an allowance be made for this service, and giving the particulars of the attack, is found among the Massachusetts Archives (XXX, 496, 497) at the State- Hou&e.

Among the " Xams of thos Eemaining Still in hands of the freuch at Canada," found in a document dated October, 1695, are those of " Lidey Langly gerl" and " Jn" Shiply boy." In this list the resi- dences of both these children are incorrectly written, Lydia's being given as Dover, New Hampshire, and John's as Oyster River. They both belonged in this town, and were taken at the assault of July 27, 1694. The name of Thomas Drew appears in the same list as of Groton, which is a mistake, as he was of Oyster River. (Archives, XXXVIII. A 2.)

This expedition against Groton was planned in part by the Indian? at a fort called Amsaquonte above Norridgewock, in Maine. It was arranged also in the plan of operations that Oyster River - now Durham, New Hampshire - should be attacked on the way ; and the assault on that town was made July 18th nine days before the one on Groton. At Oyster River more than ninety persons were either killed or captured; the prisoners from the two towns appear to have been taken to Maine, where they were brought frequently together during their captivity. On January 21, 1695, Lieutenant-Governor William Stoughton issued a proclamation, in which he refers to the " tragical outrages and barberous murders" at Oyster River and Groton. He says that several of the prisoners taken at these places "are now detained by the said Indians at Amarascoggin and other adjoining places."

Hezekiah Miles, alias Hector, a friendly Indian, at one time a captive in the enemy's hands; made a deposition before the Lieutenant-Governor and Council, at Boston, May 31, 1695, which gives some details of the preparation for the attack ; and Ann Jenkins, in a deposition on June 11, 1695, adds other particulars. These papers may be found among the Massachusetts Archives (VIII. 39, 40).

The story of William and Deliverance Longley's family is a sad one to relate. They were living, with their eight children, on a small farm, perhaps a mile and a quarter from the village, on the east side of the Hollis road. Their house was built of hewn logs, and was standing at the beginning of the present century. The old cellar, with its w^ell-laid walls, w^as distinctly visible forty years ago, and traces of it could be seen even to very modern times. The site of this house has recently been marked by a monument bearing the following inscription : -

The Other Three

The monument was erected in the autumn of 1879, at the expense of the town, on land generously given for the purpose by Mr. Zechariah Fitch, the present owner of the farm ; and it was dedicated with appropriate exercises on February 20, 1880.

On the fatal morning of July 27, 1694, the massacre of this family took place. The savages appeared suddenly, coming from the other side of the Merrimack Kiver, and began the attack at Lieutenant William Lakin's house, where ^hey were repulsed with the loss of one of their number. They followed it up by assaulting other houses in the same neigh- borhood. They made quick work of it, and left the town as speedily as they came. With the exception of John Shepley's house, it is not known that they destroyed any of the buildings ; but they pillaged them before they departed. They carried oflf thirteen prisoners, mostly children, - and perhaps all, - who must have retarded their march. There is a tradition that, early in the morning of the attack, the Indians turned Longley's cattle out of the barnyard into the cornfield and then lay in ambush. The stratagem had the desired effect. Longley rushed out of the house unarmed, in order to drive the cattle back, when he was murdered and all his family either killed or captured. The bodies of the slain were buried in one grave, a few rods northwest of the house. A small apple-tree growing over the spot and a stone lying even with the ground, for many years furnished the only clue to the final resting-place of this unfortunate family, but these have now disappeared.

William Longley was town clerk in the year 1687, and also from 1692 till his death, in 1694 ; and only one week before he was killed he had made entries in the town records. His father, William Longley, Sr., also had been town clerk during the years 1666 and 1667, and died November 29, 1680. The father was one of the earliest settlers of the town, as well as the owner of a thirty-acre right in the original Groton plantation. Lydia, John and Betty were the names of the three children carried off by the savages, and taken to Canada. Lydia was sold to the French and placed in the Congregation of Notre Dame, a convent in Montreal, where she embraced the Eoman Catho- lie faith, and died July 20, 1758, at the advanced age of eighty-four years. Betty perished soon after her capture from hunger and exposure; and John, the third child, remained with the savages for more than four years, when he was ransomed and brought away much against his own will. At one time during his captivity he was on the verge of starving, when an Indian kindly gave him a dog's foot to gnaw, which for the time appeased his hunger. He was known among his captors as John Angary. After he came home his sister Lydia wrote from Canada urging him to abjure the Protestant religion ; but he remained true to the faith of his early instruction.

Their grandmother, the widow of Benjamin Crispe, made her will April 13, 1698, which was admitted to probate in Middlesex County on the 28th of the following December ; and in it she remembered these absent children as follows:

. " I give and bequeath Vnto my three Grand-Children y' are in Captivity if they returne Vizdt these books one of y^ a bible another a Sermon booke treating of faith and the other a psalme book."

The old lady herself, doubtless, had read the " Sermon booke treating of faith ; " and it must have strengthened her belief in Divine wisdom, and been a great consolation in her trials. She did not know at this time that her granddaughter was already a convert to the Roman Catholic religion. The knowledge of this fact would have been to her an affliction scarcely lejs than the massacre of her daughter's family.

important offices both in the church and the town. Like his father and grandfather, he was the town clerk during several years. Among the papers (Knox Manuscripts, Waldo Papers, L. 13) in the possession of the New England Historic Genealogical Society is a deposition made by Longley, giving a short account of his captivity among the Indians.

In the month of July, 1877, I was in Montreal, where I procured, through the kindness of the Mother Superior at the Congregation of Notre Dame, a copy of the French record of Lydia's baptism, of which the following is a translation :

" On Tuesday, April 24, 1696, the ceremony of baptism was performed on an English girl, named Lydia Longley, who was born April 14, 1674, at Groton, a few miles from Boston in New England. She was the daughter of William Longley and Deliverance Crisp, both Protestants. She was captured in the month of July, 1694, by the Abenaqui Indians^ and has lived for the past month in the house of the Sisters of the Congregation of Notre Dame. The godfather was M. Jacques Leber, merchant ; the godmother was Madame Marie Madeleine Dupont, wife of M. de Maricourt, Ecuyer, Captain of a company of Marines: she named, this English girl Lydia Madeleine.

After this attack of July 27th the town was left in straitened circumstances, and the inhabitants found it difficult to meet the demands made on them. In this emergency they petitioned the General Court for relief, which was duly granted.

Cotton Mather says that one man was killed at Groton in the year 1697, and another, with two children, carried into captivity. (Magnalia, Book VII. page 91.) He does not give the data clearly, but inferen- tially it is June. The prisoner was Stephen Holden, who was captured, with his two oldest sons, John and Stephen, Jr. John was released in Januaty, 1699, at which time the father and the other boy were yet remaining in the hands of the savages. It was not long, however, before they too were freed ; for, in the following June, the House of Representatives voted three pounds and twelve shillings for the expenses that had been incurred in bringing them back.

QuEEX Anxe's War, as it is commonly called in America, broke out in the year 1702, when England declared war against France and Spain ; and the American Colonies were drawn into the contest. The Indians in Xew England were in sympathy with the French ; and they kept the frontier settlements continually on the alert. Strict vigilance, on the part of the colonists was the price of their safety. Military companies were still held under discipline and drill, and from time to time were reviewed by the proper officers. In the year 1702, Chief Justice Samuel Sewall accompanied Governor Joseph Dudley through Middlesex County on a tour of inspection; and in his Diary, under date of October 28th, he writes :

"Went to Groton, saw Captain Prescot and his company in Arms. (Got'' had sent to them from Dunstable that would visit them). Lancaster ia about 12 Miles Southward from Groton. Concord is 16 Miles % and Ten-Rod from Groton."

After these alarms there was a short respite, which continued till 1704, when the frontier towns were again exposed to savage warfare, and this town suffered with the others.

- " afterwards fell ou Lancaster, and (Jroaton, where they did some Spoil, but not what they expected, for that these Towns were seasonably strengthened. . . .

" And yet a little while after they fell on Gmaton, and Nashaioay [Lancaster], where they kill'd Lieut. Wyler [Wilder], and several more. (Pages 24, 25.)

In the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society is a manuscript diary of John Marshall, of Braintree, which has the following entry :

The begining of this month of august [1704] the Indians did mischief at Lancaster Killed 3 or 4 persons burnt their meeting house : and did some harm allso at Groton. the same week. Killed one or more : about 200 men went out after them who weer gone 20 days under major Taylor, but Returned Without doing any spoill on them."

It was during this assault that Matthias Farnsworth, Jr., was captured and taken to Canada, where he remained permanently. He was afterward married to a French wife, and his numerous posterity are still living in Canada. The name is found written now Farnet, Farnef and Phaneuf.

A party of Indians, numbering about thirty, made their appearance in town, and killed a man on the night of October 25, 1704. Pursuit was at once made for them, but it was unsuccessful. The Boston News- Letter, October 30, 1704, gives the following account of the affair ;

" On Wednesday night [October 25] an English man was kill'd in the woods at Groton by the Indians which were afterwards descryed in the night by the Light of their Fires, by a Person Travailing from Groton

"on the 25 day [October, 1704], mr Breck was ordained at marlborrough. the next day a man was killed and scalped by the Indians he belonged to the town of Groton his name was davis : a very useful man and much Lamented."

It has been a tradition that John Davis was killed by the Indians, but the date of his death was unknown ; this entry, however, seems to fix it. It is said to have happened in the early part of the evening, while he was taking in some clothes which had been washed and hung out to dry. He lived near the Groton School, where W. Dickson resided when the map in Mr. Butler's History was made ; and Davis's Fordway, in the river near by, named after him, is still remembered by the older people of that neighborhood.

It is not surprising that the inhabitants, upon the renewal of hostilities, were obliged to ask for help from the General Court. They had already suffered much in life and property, and were little able to bear new burdens. They represented to the Governor that they had been greatly impoverished by their loss of horses and cattle, of corn and hay, and that they were scarcely able to hold out much longer ; but the crowning calamity of all was the illness of the minister, Mr. Hobart, which prevented him from preaching. Their means were so limited that they could not support him and supply his place besides. They were obliged to earn their living at the peril of their lives; and some were thinking to leave the town. They spent so much time in watching and guarding that they seemed to be soldiers rather than farmers. Under these discouraging circumstances they asked for help from the Province, and were allowed out of the public treasury twenty pounds to assist them in procuring another minister, besides ten pounds to be divided among those who had been the greatest sufferers in the late attack upon them.

Two years later another assault was made on the town, though with little damage. I again quote from Penhallow's History of the Wars of New England :

"[July 21, 1706]. Several Strokes were afterwards made on Chelmsford, Suclhiii-y and Groton, where three Soldiers as they were going to pnblick Worship, were way-laid by a small Party, who kill'd two, and made the other a Prisoner." (Page 36.)

A few additional particulars of these " Strokes" are found in the Kev. John Pike's Journal, printed in the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society for September, 1875 :

"Jiily 21, 1706. Sab: 2 souldiers slain & one carried away by the enemy at Groton. They were all new-Cambridge [Newton] men & were returned to their Post from one Bloods house, who had invited to Dinner." (XIV. 143.)

The Rev. Jonathan Homer, in his History of Newton, as published in the Massachusetts Historical Collections, V. 273, gives the names of these men as John Myrick, Nathaniel Healy and Ebenezer Seger, and says they were all three killed by the Indians. This statement, however, is inaccurate, as John Myrick was not one of the three soldiers, and, further- more, was alive after this date. It is sufficientlyclear from contemporaneous petitions among the Massachusetts Archives (LXXI. 345,419), that two of these men were brothers, by the name of Seger, and the third one was Nathaniel Healey. It was Ebenezer Seger who was killed, and, probably, Henry, Jr., who was taken prisoner.

At various times in its early history, the town was threatened by bands of roving Indians, who did whatever damage lay in their power to do. Such incursions kept the inhabitants on the alert, and from time to time companies were organized for the purpose of scouring the neighborhood.

On 3Iarch 12, 1694-95, an Act was passed by the General Court, which prohibited the desertion of frontier towns by the inhabitants unless permission was first granted by the Governor and Council. There were eleven such towns, and Groton was one of them. The law required the inhabitants of these out-towns, who owned land or houses, to take out a special license, on pain of forfeiting their property, before they could quit their homes and live elsewhere. *It was thought that the interest of the Crown would be prejudiced, and encouragement given to the enemy, if any of these i^osts were deserted, or exposed by lessening their strength. Many towns were threatened by the Indians about this time, and a few were attacked. It is recorded that some of the settlers here left the town, and there was probably a movement among the inhabitants in other places to do the same. This fact undoubtedly occasioned the enactment, which was to remain in force "unto the end of the session of the

A similar Act was again passed on March 22, 1699- 1700, which embraced fourteen frontier towns, of which GrotOn was one, and seven other towns that " lye more open than many others to an attack of an enemy." This enactment had a limitation in point of time similar to the preceding one. Subsequently this Act was revived on June 8, 1702, wuth the limitation, though no towns are specified by name ; again on June 28, 1706, it was re-enacted, to remain in force until June 29, 1707 ; and still later, but not for the last time, it was passed on June 10, 1707. This continuous legislation to prevent the desertion of the frontiers shows clearly the unsettled condition of the outlying towns during Queen Anne's War, and Gi'oton was no exception. The inhabitants were now living in constant dread of the savages. Sometimes an exposed farm-house was attacked and burned, some of the inmates killed and others carried away in captivity ; sometimes the farmer was shot down while at work in the field, or while going or coming. This was the fate of John Shattuck, and his eldest son John, a young man nineteen years of age, who were killed on May 8, 1709.

They were returning from the west side of the Nashua River, where Mr. Shattuck owned land, and were attacked just as they were crossing the Stony Fordway, near the present site of Hollingworth's paper-mills, where they were killed. At the time of his death Mr. Shattuck was one of the selectmen of the town. During the autumn of 1882 Messrs. Tileston and Hollingworth, of Boston, at that time the owners of the mill, caused a suitable stone to be placed by the wayside, bearing the following inscription :

Just Below The Present Dam

A remarkable fatality seems to have followed Mrs. Shattuck's kindred. Her husband and eldest son were killed by the Indians, as has just been mentioned. Her father, James Blood, Avas likewise killed, September 13, 1692. So also were her uncle, William Longley, his wife and five children, July 27, 1694 ; and three others of their children were carried away into captivity at the same time. A relative, James Parker, Jr., and his wife were killed in this assault, and their children taken prisoners. Her step- father, Enoch Lawrence, received a wound in an engagement with the Indians, probably in the same attack of July 27, 1694, which almost wholly prevented him from earning a livelihood for himself and family. The three Tarbell children, who were carried oif to Canada by the Indians, June 20, 1707, were cousins of Mrs. Shattuck. John Ames, who was shot by the savages at the gate of his own garrison, July 9, 1724, was the father of Jacob, who married her niece, Kuth Shattuck. And lastly, her son-in-law, Isaac Lakin, the husband of her daughter Elizabeth, was wounded in Lovewell's Fight at Pequawket, May 8, ] 725. These calamities covered a period of only one generation, extending from the year 1692 to 1725.

In a list of prisoners held by the French and Indians in Canada, March 5, 1710-J 1, are the names of "Zech: Tarbal, John Tarbal, Sarah Tarbal, Matt. Farnsworth [and] Lydia Longley " (Archives, LXXI. 765), all of Groton, though no date of capture is given. Lydia Longley was taken by the Indians on July 27, 1694, and the particulars of her case have already been told ; AFatthias Farnsworth was captured in the summer of 1704 ; and the Tarbell children were carried off on June 20, 1707. Sarah, John and Zechariah were children of Thomas and Elizabeth (Wood) Tarbell, who with a large family, lived on Farmers' Row, near where James Lawrence's house now stands. Sarah was a girl nearly fourteen years of age, John a iad of twelve years and Zechariah only seven, at the time when they were taken. They were near kindred of the Longley family, who had been massacred thirteen years before. The father was unquestionably the Corporal Tarbell who commanded, in the autumn of 1711, one of the eighteen garrisons in the town.

The story of their capture and captivity is a singular one, and sounds like a romance. They were picking cherries early one evening, - so tradition relates, - and were taken before they had time to get down from the tree. It should be borne in mind that the date of capture, according to the new style of reckoning, was July 1st, when cherries would be ripe enough to tempt the appetite of climbing youngsters. These children were carried to Canada, where, it would seem, they were treated kindly, as no inducement afterward was strong enough to make them return permanently to their old home. The girl, Sarah, was sold to the French, and placed in a convent at Lachine, near Montreal ; but what became of her subsequently I am unable to say.

Thomas Tarbell, the father of these children, made his will September 26, 1715, which was admitted to probate six weeks later, and is now on 'file at the Middlesex Probate Office in East Cambridge. After making certain bequests to different members of his family, he says :

"all the rest aud residue of my Reall Estate I give to be Equallj' divided betweeu my three children, John, Zacliary, & Sarah Tarbell, upon their return from Captivity, or lu Proportion unto an}' of them that shall return, & the rest, or the parts belonging to them that do not return, shall be Equally divided among the rest of my children."

During my visit at Montreal in the sumnler of 1877, I saw the Congregation of Xotre Dame, the French record, of which the following is a translation :

" On Monday, July 23, 1708, the ceremony of baptism was performed on Sarah Tarbell, who was born at Groton in New England, October 9, 1693. Her parents were Thomas Tarbell and Elizabeth "Wood, both Protestants, and she was baptized by the minister shortly after her birth. Having been taken hy the savages on Blonday, June 20, 1707, she was brought to Canada ; she has since been sold, and has lived with the Sisters of the Congregation of Notre Dame, established at Lachine, where she abjured her religion on May 1. Her godfather was M. Jacques Urbaiu Robert de Lamorandi^re, Secretary of M. 1' Intendant ; and her godmother was Madame Marguerite Boiiat, wife of M. Etienne Pascaud, the deputy treasurer of the King in this country. Her name Sarah has been changed to Marguerite. " Signed,

The boys remained for many years with their captors at Caughnawaga, an Indian village on the right bank of the St. Lawrence Eiver, directly opposite to Lachine.

In the year 1713 John Stoddard and John Williams were appointed by Governor Joseph Dudley to go to Quebec and treat with the Governor-General of Canada for the release of the New England prisoners. They were accompanied by Thomas Tarbell, - probably the elder brother of the boys, - and we find his petition presented to the House of Representatives June 1, 1715, "praying consideration and allowance for his Time and Expences in going to Canada, with Major Stoddard & Mr. Williams, Anno 1713, to recover the Captives."

" Capt. Noyes, from the Committee for Petitions, made Report on the Petition of Thomas Tarioll, viz. That they are of Opinion that nothing is due from the Province to the said Tarholl, since he proceeded as a Volunteer in that Service to Canada, & not imployed by the Government, but recommended him to the favour of the House."

the public treasury. Captain Stoddard's Journal, giving an account of the negotiations, is printed in ''The New England Historical and Genealogical Register" (v. 26), for January, 1851, and Tarbeli's name is mentioned in it.

We find no further trace of these boys, now grown up to manhood, during the twenty-five years following this attempt to release the New England prisoners. In the winter of 1739 John and Zechariah Tarbell came back to Groton in order to visit their kinsfolk and see their native town. They were so young when carried away that their recollections of the place were of course very indistinct. It is not known now under what circumstances or influences they returned. An itemized bill of the expense incurred in bringing them back from Canada was made out against their brothers, Thomas and Samuel, and perhaps paid by them. Shortly afterward Thomas Tarbell petitioned the General Court for means to enable him to meet the necessary charges of the journey, besides the expenses of an interpreter ; and a conditional loan was granted. " The record does not say whether it was ever paid back by him. The papers relating to the subject are among the Massachusetts Archives (XV. A, 15-19).

On April 20, 1739, Governor Belcher brought the case of these captives to the attention of the Council and the House of Representatives, when he made a speech, in which he said :

" There are latelj' come from Canada some Persons that were taken by the Indians from Groton above thirty Years ago, who (its believed) may be induced to return into this Province, on your giving them some propf^r Encouragement : If this Matter might be effected, I should think it would be not only an Act of Compassion in order to reclaim them from the Errors and Delusions of the Eomish faith ; but their living among us might, in Time to come, be of great Advantage to the Province."

On the same day the subject was referred to a Committee of the House, who reported a resolution which was sent to the Council for concurrence; and on several occasions within a short time the same question came up in different forms.

All these efforts, however, to reclaim the two men from savage life proved unavailing ; for it is known that they remained with the Indians and became naturalized, if I may use the expression. They married Indian wives, and were afterward made chiefs at Caughnawaga and St. Regis, villages in Canada. Their descendants are still living among the Indians, and the Tarbells of the present day, in this town, are their collateral kindred. Nearly forty years after their capture, Governor Hutchinson met them in New York State, and in his " History of the Province of Massachusetts Bay" refers to them thus : - to be one of the wealthiest of the Cagnawaga tribe. He made a visit in his Indian dress, and with his Indian complexion (for by means of grease and paints but little difference could be discerned) to his relations at Groton, but had no inclination to remain there." (II. 139.)

Some years after this time, these two young men - now occupying the position of chiefs - moved up the St. Lawrence River, accompanied by several others, all with their families, and established the village of St. Regis. This Indian settlement is pleasantly situated on the right bank of the St. Lawrence, the boundary line which separates the State of New York from Canada running through it. From its peculiar position, it was agreed, during the last war with England, that the Indians should remain neutral, but the compact was often broken. In the summer of 1852 the tribe numbered about eleven hundred persons, of whom it is said that not one was of pure Indian origin.

Many interesting facts concerning the Tarbells at St. Eegis are found in the " History of St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties, Xew York"' (Albany, 1853), by Dr. Franklin B. Hough. A part of the village comes within the limits of Franklin County ; and the author has gathered up some of the stories still told about these two brothers in that neighborhood.

In former years the St. Regis Indians had certain rights in a land reservation in the State of Xew York ; and more than once treaties were made between the Governor of the State and the chiefs of the tribe, among whom were descendants of these Tarbell boys. A treaty was signed on February 20, 1818, in behalf of the Indians, by Loran Tarbell and Thomas Tarbell, and two other chiefs. Another treaty was signed on September 23, 1825, by eleven chiefs and trustees of the tribe, including Peter Tarbell, Thomas Tarbell, Mitchel Tarbell, Louis Tarbell, and Battice Tarbell. Some of these names, I am sure, will sound familiar to the older inhabitants of Groton. It is very likely that Battice is the same as Sabattis, an Indian name, which is said to be a corruption of Saint Baptiste.

Speak, was a son of Lesor Tarbell, one of the lads who had been stolen away from Groton by the Indians, and who subsequently became one of the tirst settlers who preceded the founding of St. Regis.

" He was a man of much address and ability as a speaker, and was selected as the mouthpiece of the tribe on the more important occasions that presented themselves." (Page 182.)

The statement is wrong, however, that Lesor was the name of one of the captured boys. It is perfectlywell known that their names were John and Zechariah, but it is not improbable that one of their sons was named Lesor. If such was the case, it was intended, doubtless, for Eleazer, the name of their youngest brother, who was less than two months old when they were carried off. It certainly would be a touching tribute to their childish recollections if they had remembered this little babe at home and carried him in their thoughts for so many years.

In the summer of 1877 I visited St. Regis, where I met a grandson of one of the Tarbell captives. He was more than eighty years old, and could speak only Indian ; and I had to talk with him through an interpreter, I learned that he was aware that his grandfather had been taken when a boy, from a town near Boston, and that he had kinsfolk still living there. What interested me exceedingly was- the physical resemblance between him and some of his collateral relations, who lived and died at Squannacook within my recollection. He was a man of ordinary size, with a sunburnt face and gray hair, though somewhat bald. There was but little appearance of Indian blood in his veins, and he would have passed anywhere for a goodlooking old man. He lived with one of his sons in a small house that was clapboarded and painted, - and one of the best in the village, - where, surrounded by his grandchildren, he was passing the declining years of his life in comfortable ease.

During the summer of 1723 " the Indian enemy" - as the early settlers were wont to call them - still threatened the western frontier towns. On August 16, 1723, according to the printed Journal of the House of Representatives, Lieutenant-Governor Dummer, at that time the acting Governor of the Province, was desired immediately to order detachments of men, varying from three to six, from the inhabitants of the several towns along the line of outer settlements, to be constantly employed in scouting and ranging the woods in their respective towns ; and under this order Groton was to have six. On August 24th it was ordered by the House of Representatives that these scouts should be placed under the direction of the chief military officer of the several towns, and such officer should receive five shillings a week for his services. Owing to informalities in the matter, a dispute arose between the House and the Lieutenant- Governor, who within two days sent two messages to that body, and some slight modifications were made in the original draft.

It was on Thursday, July 9, 1724, that John Ames was shot by an Indian, one of a small party that attacked his garrison in the northwesterly part of the town. Ames lived on the north side of the Nashua Eiver, a short distance below the Hollingsworth paper-mills. He is said to be the last person killed by an Indian within the township. The Indian himself was immediately afterward shot by Jacob Ames, one of John's sons. The Boston Gazette, July 18, 1724, thus refers to the event :

"A man was kiU'd last Week at Groton, by the Indians, and 't is suppos'd one Indian was kill'd by one of our Men in the Garrison ; the Indians left their Packs, 5 in number, which were taken and secur'd by the English."

The New England Courant, July 13, 1724, reports that '' Last Week the Indians kill'd a Man at Groton, and had one of their own Men very much wounded." The same newspaper, in its issue of July 27th, says that " The Scalp of an Indian lately kill'd at Groton is brought to Town."

Jacob Ames' petition for an "Allowance" or bounty, for killing the savage, is found in the printed Journal of the House of Representatives, November 20, 1724.

In the summer of 1722 the Provincial governments of Massachusetts and New Hampshire offered a bounty of a hundred pounds for every Indian's scalp that should be taken and shown to the proper authorities. This legislation incited volunteers to scour the wilderness for the purpose of hunting the savages, and with this motive Captain John Lovewell, of Dunstable, organized a company which soon became famous.

repeatedly told in this neighborhood, and there is scarcely a person who has not from early infancy heard the particulars of that eventful conflict. It was in the spring of 1725 that Captain Lovewell, with thirty-four men, fought a famous Indian chief, named Paugus, at the head of about eighty savages, near the shores of a pond in Pequawket, now within the limits of Fryeburg, Maine, and known as Lovewell's Pond. Of this little Spartan band, seven belonged in this town ; and one of them, John Chamberlain by name, distinguished himself by killing the Indian leader.

The fullest account of the Fight is found in a pamphlet entitled, " Loveiuell Lamented, or, A SEEMOX occasion'd by the Fall of the Brave Capt. John Lovewell and Several of his Valiant COMPANY, in the late Heroic Action at Piggwacket Pronounc'd at Bradford, May 16, 1725 By Thomafi /S'ywwie.s, Y.D.M." (Boston, 1725.) The sermon contains an historical preface, duly attested by three of the company, which gives many particulars of this ill-fated expedition. It includes a list of the men who took part in the fight, with the names of the killed and wounded. According to this list, the following Groton men were members of Lovewell's company and present during the action : John Jefts, Daniel Woods, Thomas Woods, John Chamberlain, Elias Barron, John Gilson [Isaac Lakin?], Joseph Gilson ; of whom Thomas Woods, Daniel Woods and John Jefts were killed in the fight, and Elias Barron, John Chamberlain and John Gilson [Isaac Lakin?], wounded. It is stated by Mr. Symmes, in his preface, that Barron subsequently " strayed from the rest, and got over Ossipy River, by the side of which his Gun Case was found, & he has ner been heard of since." (Page viii.) Joseph Gilson was the only one of this quota who escaped injury.

The first edition of the sermon was published on July 1st, and exhausted in a very few days. A second edition was issued about the middle of July, with a title-page somewhat changed from the original one, as follows : " Historical Memoirs Of the Late Fight at Piggwacket, with a SERMON Occasion'd by the Fall of the Brave Capt John Lovewell And Several of his Valiant Company; in the late Heroic Action there. Prouounc'd at Bradford, May 16, 1725 By Thomas Symmes, V.D.M. The Second Edition Corrected." (Boston, 1725.) In this edition the running title of " An Historical PREFACE" is changed to " Memoirs of the Fight at Piggwacket." A few corrections are made ; in the list both of the soldiers and of the wounded, the name of Isaac Lakin is given in the place of John Gilson's.

Captain Lovewell, the commander of the company, was a brave officer and a noted man. He was at this time in the prime of life, and ambitious to distinguish himself. He had previously led two successful expeditions against the Indians, and his very name inspired confidence. Only a few weeks before, his second expedition had returned to Dover, New Hampshire, where he made a triumphal entry at the head of his company. They bore ten Indian scalps stretched on hoops, and were received with great joy and excitement; thence they proceeded to Boston, where they were paid a large bounty by the government. The following Groton men were members of the company which went on this second expedition : Jacob Ames, Ephraim Farnsworth, Reuben Farnsworth, Benjamin Parker, Samuel Shattuck, Samuel Tarbell and Henry Willard. Throughout New Engand, Lovewell's daring was made the subject of talk, and the public looked to him as a natural leader in border warfare.

With the small force now at his command, the heroic captain pressed forward to meet the enemy, and in a few days reached the borders of Saco Pond, since known as Lovewell's Pond, southeast of the present village of Fryeburg, Maine. On the morning of Saturday, May 8th, while engaged at prayers they heard a gun, and shortly afterward discovered an Indian on a point of land which ran into the pond. They were distrustful of an ambush, and a consultation was held in order to see whether they should advance or retreat. Their decision was to proceed at all hazards. They said: " We came out to meet the Enemy ; we have all along prayed GOD we might find 'em ; and we had rather trust Providence with our Lives, yea Dy for our Country, than try to Return without seeing them, if we may, and be called Cowards for our Pains." After this answer, Lovewell ordered his men to move forward cautiously ; and they soon reached a place where they halted and took off their packs, and piled them up together. Leaving these behind without a gu made a freeman of Massachusetts on May 22, 1639. In the autumn of 1641 he was waited on by messengers from Woburn, who desired his services for their church ; but they found " Mr. Eoggers loth to part with him.'* Johnson, in his " Wonder- Working Providence of Sion's Saviour, in New^ England," refers to him both in prose and verse. The following is a specimen of the poetry : -

" With courage bold 3Iiller through Seas doth venter. To Toyl it out in the great Western tvast, Tity stature low one object high doth center ; Higher than Heaven thy faith on Christ is plac't: "

From Eowley Mr. Miller removed to Yarmouth, where he was settled as a preacher, though the date of his removal to that town is not recorded. Nor is it known exactly when he came to Groton, but probably at some time during 1662, as in that year the town voted to build a house for the minister. On March 18, 1663, a vote was passed asking him " to continue still with vs for our further edificat[ion]," which shows that he was preaching at that date; but in three short months his labors ceased and he went to take his reward. In the first return of deaths, made by the town clerk of Groton to the recorder of the county, it says: -

The second minister of Groton was the Reverend Samuel Willard, a son of Major Simon and Mary (Sharpe) Willard, and born at Concord, on January 31, 1639-40. He graduated at Harvard College in the class of 1659, and was the only member who took his second degree. He began to preach at Groton probably late in the year 1662, or early in 1663. In the latter year, on the 21st of June, it was voted " that M^ Willard if he accept of it shall be their minester as long as he lines w'' M^ Willard accepts Except a manifest providenc of God apears to take him off."

Mr. Willard was a scholar and writer of considerable note in his day, and even now would be considered such. But little is known of his early history ; and no church-record during his ministry at Groton is extant. Coming here in the vigor of young manhood, at the age of twenty-three, - if we may judge him from the high position he afterward attained, - it is fair to assume that he exerted a strong influence in this neighborhood. It is probable that his early experiences on the outer rim of civilization fitted him for the places of honor and dignity that he was subsequently called upon to fill. A few weeks after his settlement he married Abigail, a daughter of John Sherman, minister of Watertown ; and, after her death, he married, as his second wife, Eunice, daughter of Edward Tyng. He had a large family of children, of whom five were born in this town. One of his great-grandsons, Robert Treat Paine, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence.

In the year 1673, Mr. Willard published a volume of sermons entitled, " Useful Instructions for a professing People in Times of great Security and Degeneracy : delivered in several Sermons on Solemn Occasions."

It consists of three sermons, of which one was preached on the occasion of a case of witchcraft which occurred in Grotoc. It is evident, from a reference in the sermon, that the fame or notoriety of the case had spread far from this town. Mr. Willard says : " There is a voice in it to the w^hole Land, but in a more especial manner to poor Groton ; it is not a Judgement afar off, but it is near us, yea among us."

The book is inscribed, " To his Beloved Friends the Inhabitants of Groton." Like all the publications of that time, it is purely theological, and contains nothing now of particular interest. If he had given us even a few lines of town history, it would be almost invaluable. We look in vain through its pages for any thing that throws light on the manners and customs of the early settlers. AVe do find, however, the modes and habit J) of thought that were prevalent in those days ; and with these we must be content, for the sermons furnish nothing more.

After the town was burned by the Indians in the spring of 1676 and the settlement deserted, Mr. Willard became the pastor of the Old South Church in Boston, where he died on September 12, 1707.

The third minister was the Reverend Gershom Hobart, a son of the Reverend Peter Hobart, of Hingham, and a graduate of Harvard College in the class of 1667. In the early spring of 1678, just two years after the attack on the town, the old settlers returned to their former houses ; and Mr. Hobart accompanied them, or soon followed. He was not ordained, however, until November 26, 1679 ; and soon afterward troubles between the people and the preacher began to spring up. There was the usual controversy about the site of the new meetiug-house, which is not peculiar to this town or to that period, but is common today here and elsewhere ; and there was a dispute over the minister's salary. Mr. Hobart's pastorate was anything but happy and harmonious, and he appears to have left Groton about 1690. The records of this period are very meagre, but contain brief allusions to his absence. During the next two years there was no settled minister of the town, though the inhabitants were not without stated preaching. The Reverend John Hancock filled the pulpit for several months and received a call to become the minister, which was declined. He was the grandfather of John Hancock, Governor of the Commonwealth and signer of the Declaration of Independence.

The fourth minister was the Reverend Samuel Carter, who came on an invitation given by the town, on October 21, 1692. It is evident, from the scanty records, that he accepted the call a^d remained with his people until the time of his death, which took place in the autumn of 1693. According to papers on file in the Middlesex Probate Office at East Cambridge, administration on his estate was granted on October 30th of that year. Mr. Carter was the eldest son of Thomas Carter, first minister of Woburn, and born on August 8, 1640. He graduated at Harvard College in the class of 1660, and, before coming to Groton, had been preaching at Lancaster for a considerable length of time. He was followed in time by Gershom Hobart, who became the fifth minister as well as the third, in the order of settlement. Mr.

Hobart came back to his former parish in the autumn of 1693, but it is not now known how the reconciliation was brought about between him and the town, as the church records of that period are lost ; perhaps t was throu gh an ecclesiastical council. He continued to preach here until about the end of the year 1704, when he gave up his charge. His dwelling stood on the site of the present Baptist meetinghouse, and, at one time during the Indian wars, was used as a garrison-house. On July 27, 1694, it was captured by the savages, when one of Mr. Hobart's children was killed, and another, Gershom, Jr., a lad eight or ten years old, was carried off a prisoner and held in captivity during nearly a year. Mr. Hobart, the father, died at Groton on December 19, 1707.

During the year 1705 the pulpit appears to have been filled by John Odly, as the records have it, and probably the same as John Odlin, a native of Boston and a graduate of Harvard College in the class of 1702. On July 3, 1705, he received a call to be the "town's minister and the church's officer,'' which was not accepted.

The fifth minister was the Eeverend Dudley Bradstreet, a son of Dudley Bradstreet, of Andover, and a grandson of Governor Simon Bradstreet. He was born at Andover on April 27, 1678, and a graduate of Harvard College in the class of 1698. He was the first master of the grammar school in his native town, where he was teaching as early as the year 1704, and perhaps earlier.

this school when he received his invitation to come to Groton. On May 4, 1704, he was married to Mary Wain^ right, and they had three sons, and perhaps other children. Mr. Bradstreet w^as preaching here as early as March, 1706, but was not ordained until November 27th of that year. Under a vote of May 8, 1706, a house " of 38 foot long and 18 foot wide " was built for the minister, which is still standing, and in a state of good preservation. It is situated on the east side of Hoi lis Street, and the present measurements conform very nearly to the dimensions given in the records.

In the summer of 1712 Mr. Bradstreet was dismissed from his charge in this town, presumably for his Episcopal tendencies ; and soon afterward he went to England to apply for orders in the Anglican Church. It appears from a copy of the original document in Latin, made in a manuscript volume, (page 90), by President John Leverett now deposited among the archives of Harvard University in the College Library, that he was ordained a deacon by the Bishop of London, on April 18, 1714, and a priest one week later, on April 25th. He died of small-pox during the next month, only two or three wrecks after receiving priestly orders ; and tidings of his death reached this country in the following summer.

The sixth minister was the Reverend Caleb Trowbridge, a son of Deacon James Trowbridge, of Newton. He was born on November 17, 1692, and graduated at Harvard College in the class of 1710. On March 10, 1715, he was married, first, to Sarah Oliver, of Newton ; and on September 18, 1718, to Hannah

Walter, of Roxbury. Mr. Trowbridge was blessed with a family of nine children, and until recently some of his descendants were living at Groton. He died on September 9, 1760, and lies buried in the old burying-ground, where the inscription on a slab of slate laid over his grave makes a just statement of his religious and social character.

The seventh minister was the Reverend Samuel Daua, son of William Dana, and born in that part of Cambridge which is now Brighton, on January 14, 1738-39. He was a graduate of Harvard College in the class of 1755, and ordained in the ministry at Groton on June 3, 1761. No articles of faith or church covenant appear on the church records until the period of his settlement. On May 6, 1762, he was married to Anna Kenrick, of Newton ; and they had five children born at Groton. His pastorate appears to have been harmonious until the political troubles of the Revolution began to crop out, when a sermon preached by him in the early spring of 1775 gave great offence to his parish. Mr. Dana's sympathies were with the Crown, while those of the people were equally strong on the other side; and the excitement over the matter ran so high that he was compelled to give up his charge. After his dismissal from the tov/n and church he remained at Groton during' some years, preaching for a year and a half to a Presbyterian society, then recently organized ; and later he removed to Amherst, New Hampshire, where he died on April 2, 1798.

where he was born on December 30, 1743. He graduated at Harvard College in the class of 1772, and studied theology under the tuition of the Reverend Samuel Haven, of Portsmouth, Xew Hampshire. He was ordained at Groton on January 1, 1778, when he became pastor of the First Parish, and he continued to hold this relation until the time of his death, on April 8, 1831, being the last minister settled by the town. The degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by his Alma Mater in the year 1817. On June 24, 1779, he was married to Susanna, eldest daughter of the Honorable James and Susanna (Lawrence) Prescott, of Groton. After their marriage they lived for awhile in the house built by Colonel William Lawrence, who was Mrs. Chaplin's grandfather. It was situated on the north corner of Main and Court Streets, latterly the site of Liberty Hall, which was burned on March 31, 1878; and subsequently they removed to the dwelling built by Major William Swan, and situated on School Street, north of the buryingground.

Dr. Chaplin's youngest daughter, Mrs. Sarah (Chaplin) Rockwood, died in Cortland, Cortland County, New York, on November 26, 1889, at the remarkable age of 104 years and eighteen days.

The ninth minister was the Reverend Charles Robinson, the eldest son of Caleb Robinson, of* Exeter, New Hampshire, where he was born on July 25, 1793. He graduated at Harvard College in the class of 1818, and was ordained over the Unitarian Church at Eastport, Maine, where he remained two years and a half. Mr. Robinson was installed at Groton on No- vember 1, 1826, and resigned his charge in October, 1838. He was afterward settled at Medfield and at Peterborough, New Hampshire, but in the year 1860 he returned to Groton, where he resided until his death, on April 9, 1862. During his residence here he was married, on July 3, 1827, to Jane, only daughter of the Honorable Stuart John Park, of Groton, who died on March 23, 1828 ; and subsequently to three other wives.

The tenth minister was the Rev. George Wadsworth Wells, sonof Seth and Hannah (Doane) Wells, of Boston, where he was born on October 17,1804. He graduated at Harvard College in the class of 1823, and then pursued his theological studies at the Harvard Divinity School. For a while he preached in Boston and Baltimore, and, on October 24, 1827, was ordained at Kennebunk, Maine, as colleague pastor of the first Congregational Church in that town, where he remained during eleven years. On November 21, 1838, Mr. Wells was installed over the First Parish in Groton, where he preached with great acceptance and success until his death, which took place on March 17, 1843. The last time that he officiated in the pulpit was on Sunday, February 5th of that year. He was married on May 30, 1833, to Lucia Gardner, daughter of John Fairfield, of Boston. Just before graduation at college, his middle name was inserted by an Act of the Legislature, on June 14, 1823.

College in the class of 1838, and subsequently passed two years at the Andover Theological Seminary. On October 11, 1842, he was ordained in Portland as an Evangelist. After Mr. Wells's death he came to Groton, and was installed on July 12, 1843. Here he remained during eight years, working diligently and faithfully in the cause of his Master, to which he had devoted his life. Finally the loss of his health compelled him to ask a dismission, and his relations to the society ceased in August, 1851. After passing six or eight months in foreign travel, and returning home much invigorated, he was called to the Channing Congregational Church, at Newton. Here he preached for four years, when his physical infirmities again compelled him to seek retirement from his cares and labors ; and he sailed for tlfe Sandwich Islands in the hope that he would still be able to act as an agent of the American Unitarian Association, but in this he was disappointed. After. a rapid decline he died at Honolulu, of consumption, on December, 29, 1857.

Mr. Smith was twice married, - first, on August 31, 1843, to Augusta Hepsibah, daughter of Ivory and Louisa (McCulloch) Lord, of Kennebunk, Maine ; and secondly, on December 8, 1846, to Margaret Ann, daughter of George and Margaret (Shattuck) Brigham, of Groton. His first wife died at Groton, on June 20, 1844, and his widow in Lowell, on March 31, 1864.

The twelfth minister was the Rev. Crawford Nightingale, a son of Samuel and Elizabeth Kinnicut, (Thompson) Nightingale, and born in Providence?

E. I., on November 3, 1816. He graduated at Brown University in the class of 1834, and at the Harvard Divinity School in 1838, and was ordained as an Evangelist, in Providence, on November 7, 1838. He was married, on May 13, 1846, to Mary Hoyt, daughter of William Henry ai^ Frances Wiswall (Humphrey) Williams, of Athol. Mr. Nightingale was settled over the parish on January 26, 1853, and received his dismissal on September 1, 1866, though he continued to be a resident of the town until the year 1875. Before coming here he held a pastorate at Chicopee, and had previously acted as a missionary in Toledo, 0., and in Chicago. He has now retired from the laborious duties of his profession, though he preaches occasionally, and is living at Dorchester.

The thirteenth minister was the Eev. George Mc- Kean Folsom, a son of Charles and Susanna Sarah (McKean) Folsom, and born in Cambridge on February 6, 1837. He graduated at Harvard College in the class of 1857, and at the Harvard Divinity School in 1866. He was ordained at Groton on December 12, 1866, and married, on January 8, 1867, to Susan Cabot, daughter of Charles, Jr., and Susan (Cabot) Jackson, of Boston. In April, 1869, he left Groton and removed to Dedham, where he was installed over another parish. He died in Boston on May 20, 1882, and his wife at Dedham on June 27, 1871. An only child, a daughter, born at Groton on November 16, 1867, survives the parents.

ver, Me., where he was born on September 29, 1822. His father's family removed to Boston in the year 1825, where he remained until 1846. In early life he studied for the Baptist ministry, and joined the clerical profession in 1852, though he was not ordained until January, 1854. He keld pastorates at different towns in Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont, but later he changed his denominational relations and entered the Unitarian pulpit, being settled at Lancaster, N. H., before coming to this town. He was installed over the First Parish on April 26, 1871, though he had been preaching here since December 1, 1870, and received his dismission on August 31, 1874, though he continued to fill ihe pulpit until April 1, 1875. Since leaving Groton he has given up the profession. On November 30, 1843, he was married (first) to Martha Day Ayer, of Plaistow, N. H., who died on January 26, 1816 ; and, secondly, on April 5, 1849, to Miriam Clement Tewksbury,.of Wilmot, who died at New Hampton, N. H., on September 22, 1888. The fifteenth miuister was the Rev. Joshua Young, a son of Aaron and Mary (Coburn) Young, and born at Pittston, Me., on September 29, 1823. He graduated at Bowdoin College in the class of 1845, and at the Harvard Divinity School in 1848. He was married, on February 14, 1849, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. Sylvanusand Mary Bell (Warland) Plympton, of Cambridge. Mr. Young was settled in Groton at the beginning of 1875, and still continues to be the minister of the parish. Before coming to this town he had held pastorates in Burlington, Vt., and in Hingham and Fall River. On commencement,

The formation of a second church in Groton dates back to the summer of 1825, when the venerable Dr. Chaplin, enfeebled by age, became so infirm that he required the help of an assistant. At that time he was well past eighty years, and the powers of a vigorous manhood were beginning to fail him. On Sunday afternoon, July 10, 1825, a very hot day. Dr. Chaplin, near the end of his sermon, fainted in his pulpit ; and soon after the question of settling a colleague pastor came up. This matter gave rise to much controversy and discussion, and resulted in a division of the old parish into two societies.

It happened during a period when throughout the Commonwealth many of the Congregational Churches were undergoing great changes in their creed, and were forming new lines of theological belief. Few persons of the present day are aware of the bitter animosity that prevailed in New England at that time, when these churches were torn asunder by internal dissensions, and of the sectarian feeling that followed the division of the parishes. At the beginning of the troubles the Reverend John Todd, a graduate of the Andover Theological Seminary in the class of 1825, had received a call to become a colleague pastor with Rev. Dr. Chaplin, but which, owing to certain informalities, was never recognized by the town, and over his settlement the main controversy had arisen. The second society, made up of those who had now separated from the First Parish, was duly organized and a house of worship built, which was dedicated to the service of God on January 3, 1827, and at the same time Mr. Todd was ordained in the ministry. He remained as pastor of this society, which became known as the Union Congregational Church, until January 8, 1833, when he was dismissed at his own request.

The Reverend John Todd ^-as the eldest child of Dr. Timothy and Phebe (Bui) Todd, and born in Rutland, Yt., on October 9, 1800. He graduated at Yale College in the class of 1822, and then entered the Theological Seminary at Andover. On March 11, 1827, he was married to Mary Skinner, daughter of the Reverend Joab Brace, of Newington, Conn., who died at Pittsfield on April 29, 1889. After leaving Groton, Dr. Todd held pastorates at Northampton, Philadelphia and Pittsfield, where he died on August 24, 1873, after an illness of three months. In the year 1845 the degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by WiDiams College. He- was the author of more than thirty volumes, besides many sermons and pamphlets, including among them "The Student's Manual," a work which has exerted a wide influence on the young men of the country.

The second minister of the Union Church was the Reverend Charles Baker Kittredge, a son o^ Josiah and Mary (Baker) Kittredge, and born at Mount Vernon, N. H., on July 4, 1806. He graduated at Dartmouth College in the class of 1828, and at the Andover Theological Seminary in 1832. He was ordained at Groton on October 15, 1833, but the time of his ministry here was short, as he was dismissed on August 31, 1835. After leaving this town he was set- tied over various parishes in diflferent places, and died at Westborough on November 25, 1884. Mr. Kittredge was married, on July 9, 1830, to Sarah, daughter of Charles and Susanna (Bayliss) Brigham, of Grafton, who died on March 26, 1871.

The third minister was the Eeverend Dudley Phelps, a native of Hebron, Conn., where he was born on January 25, 1798, and a graduate of Yale College in the class of 1823, and of the Andover Theological Seminary in 1827. He was ordained at Haverhill on January 9, 1828, where he remained until the year 1833, and during 1834 and 1835 was the editor of the Salem Landmark. Mr. Phelps was installed at Groton on October 19, 1836, where he continued as pastor of the church until his death, which took place on September 24, 1849. He was the father of the late Hon. Benjamin Kinsman Phelps, district attorney of New York, an only child by the first wife, who was Ann Kinsman, of Portland, Me. The second wife was Lucretia, daughter of the Hon. Benjamin Mark and Lucretia (Gardner) Farley, of Hollis, N. H., and of Groton, to whom he was married on October 12, 1837.

The fourth minister was the Reverend Edwin Adolphus Bulkley, a son of Erastus and Mary (Walbridge) Bulkley, and born in Charleston, S. C, on January 25, 1826. He graduated at Yale College in the class of 1844, and at the Union Theological Seminary in 1848, and was married, on September 28, 1848, at Huntington, Long Island, N. Y., to Catharine Fredrica, daughter of Daniel and Catharine Fredrica (Kunze) Oakley. Mr. Bulkley was installed over the society on September 18, 1850, and dismissed on January 10, 1864. Before coming to Groton he was settled at Geneva, N. Y., and on leaving this town he went to Plattsburg. At the present time he has charge of a Presbyterian Church at Rutherford, N. J. He has been blessed with eight children, of whom three survive, and five of the eight were born at Groton. In the year 1868 the degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by the University of Vermont.

The fifth minister was the Reverend William Wheeler Parker, a son of Ebenezer and Hannah Brooks (Merriam) Parker, and born at Princeton on March 2, 1824. He graduated at the Andover Theological Seminary in 1858, and on August 24th, of that year, he was married at Holden to Emily, daughter of Joel and Diodamia Walker. Mr. Parker was installed at Groton on May 16, 1865, and dismissed at his own request on August 25, 1868. Since leaving this town he has lived in several places, but is now residing at Harwich Port.

The sixth minister was the Reverend Jeremiah Knight Aldrich, a son of Xehemiah Knight and Sarah Bowen (Branch) Aldrich, aud born in Providence, R. I./on May 20, 1826. He became a licentiate after an examination before the Windham County (Connecticut) Association of Congregational Ministers, on June 4, 1862, and was ordained at Central Village, Plainfield, in that State, on February 17, 1863. He was settled at Groton on June 1, 1870, and dismissed at his own request on May 18, 1873. Mr. Aldrich was married, on June 3, 1848, in Providence, R. I., to Sarah Hamer, of Taunton.

The seventh minister was the Reverend Benjamin Adams Robie, a son of Thomas Sargent and Clarissa (Adams) Robie, and born at Gorham, Maine, on September 9, 1836. He graduated at the Bangor Theological Seminary in the class of 1865, and was married on July 6, 1869, at Vassalborough, to Lucy Hedge Wiggin, of that town. He was settled as pastor-elect on April 1, 1874, and resigned on April 1, 1884.

The eighth minister was the Reverend George Austin Pelton, a son of Asa Carter and Ophelia (Austin) Pelton, and born at Stockbridge, on April 15, 1833. He graduated at Yale College in the class of 1861, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1864. He was licensed to preach by the Essex South Association in February, 1864, and ordained "to the work of the Gospel ministry " without installation, at Franklin, on August 9, 1865. Mr. Pelton was married in New Haven, Conn., on April 27, 1864, to Catharine Sarah, daughter of Seth Warner and Catherine Post Brownson. He was settled as pastor-elect on May 15, 1884, and resigned on May 15, 1886.

The ninth minister was the Reverend John Barstow, a son of Ezekiel Hale and Eunice (Clark) Barstow, and born at Newton Centre on February 16, 1857. He graduated at Dartmouth College in the class of 1883, and at the Andover Theological Seminary in 1887. He began his labors at Groton on April 1, 1887, and was ordained and installed on June 29th, of the same year. Mr. Barstow was married at Wethersfield, on July 5, 1887, to Mary Weller Wolcott, of that town. He was dismissed at his own re- quest on September 12, 1889, and is now settled over a society at Glastonbury, Conn. At one time his father was the principal of Lawrence Academy.

The tenth minister is the Reverend Edward Leeds Gulick, the present pastor. He is a son of the Reverend Luther Halsey and Louisa (Lewis) Gulick, and born in Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, on March 21, 1862. He graduated at Dartmouth College in the class of 1883, and at the Union Theological Seminary, New York, in 1887. He began his labors on October 27, 1889, and was ordained on December 23d of the same year.

A Baptist Society was organized on December 5, 1832, and the Rev. Amasa Sanderson was the first minister. Captain Josiah Clark, one of the members, generously gave them the use of a commodious hall in the third story of a house at the south corner of Main Street and Broad Meadow Road. In the year 1841 the society erected a meeting-house on the spot where the Rev. Mr. Hobart's dwelling stood, which was a garrison-house in the summer of 1694.

Mr. Sanderson was a native of Gardner, Mass., wheie he was born on April 16, 1796. He was married, first, at Weston, in 1822, to Abigail Rand, who died on January 3, 1867 ; and, secondly, at Nashua, New Hampshire, in July, 1867, to Mrs. Mary Rebecca (Batchelder) Woodbury, widow of Seth Woodbury. Mr. Sanderson supplied the pulpit until May, 1843, when from feeble health he resigned his charge. He died in Nashua, New Hampshire, on June 1, 1877, and buried at Ayer.

was the second minister, and had charge of the society from August, 1843, to August, 1844. He is a son of Joshua Lasselle and Mary (Lake) Pinney, and born at Middlefield, Otsego County, New York, on October 15, 1812. In early life he studied the profession of medicine, which he practised for a while, but soon afterward gave up in order to enter the ministry. He began a course of study in the academic department of Madison University at Hamilton, New York, with a view to graduate from the college and the Theological Seminary, but owing to trouble with his eyes he was compelled to abandon the plan. On June 8, 1841, Mr. Pinney was married in Troy, New York, to Olivia Marcia Brownell ; and he is now living at No. 95 Madison Street, Brooklyn.

The Eev. Lewis Holmes, a native of Plymouth, was the third mini.ster. Born on April 12, 1813, he graduated at Waterville College (now Colby University) in the class of 1840. He was settled at Groton in May, 1845, and remained until May, 1849. Mr. Holmes was settled over various societies in Massachusetts, and died at Plymouth on May 24, 1887.

The Rev. John Allen was the fourth minister, and his pastorate extended from June, 1849, to September, 1853. He was born at Mansfield on March 27, 1792, and died at East Providence Centre, Rhode Island, on November 28, 1882. He was married, first, in the year 1816, at Easton, to Sally Bonney ; and secondly, on April 22, 1856, in Boston, to Mrs. Anna (Carpenter) Carpenter, daughter of Caleb Carpenter, and a native of Rehoboth. His father's name was Joseph Allen.

ister, and his service began in November, 1853, and lasted until June, 1857. Born at Canton on February 29, 1820, he fitted for college at Pierce Academy, of Middleborough and graduated at Brown University in the class of 1842. He has held pastorates at various places in Rhode Island and Maine, and died at Dedham on October 24, 1888, while on a visit, though his home was at Brunswick, Maine.