Hudson Town (part 7 of 10)

On September 3, 1863, Mr. Charles D. EIlliot, subject of this sketch, was married to Emily Jane Hyer, a teacher in one of the grammar schools of New Orleans, and secretary of the "Union Ladies' Soldier's Aid Society," of that city, of which her mother (Mrs. Hyer) was president, and which was the first or one of the first organizations of the kind in the southern states. Mrs. Elliot was the adopted daughter of Hon, N. F. Hyer, a native of Vermont, and an officer in the Union army. In 1836 Mr. Hyer emigrated to the wilds of Wisconsin, and was one of the pioneers of that state. He was-judge of probate, and a member of the convention that framed its constitution. While making explorations in that state he discovered the ruins of an ancient Aztec settlement, which in 1837 he surveyed _ and mapped, and which became the subject of an interesting correspondence between him and the Hon. Edward Everett; an account of Mr. Hyer's discoveries is printed in the elaborate work of the Smithsonian Institution upon Wisconsin antiquities. Mr. Hyer founded on this site a new town which he called Aztelan, which name it still bears. In 1848 Mr. Hyer with his family removed to St. Louis, Missouri, and in 1856 emigrated to San Antonio, Texas; in 1857 they recrossed the prairies in Mexican ox carts, and sailed for Pensacola, Florida, whence they went to Louisiana, where at the opening of the civil war, being a pronounced Union man, a plot was laid to kill him, but was foiled by friends among the rebels; he bribed the rebel guard and escaped with his family in the hold of a little schooner across Lake Pontchartrain to New Orleans, where he was appointed by General Butler upon the engineering staff of the army. Mr. Hyer after the war was collector of United States land tax, United States register of voters in Louisiana, and later parish treasurer; in 1877 he moved back to Wisconsin where he died September 12, 1885.

Mrs. Hyer was a descendant of the Clapp, Dorr and Ruggles families of Boston and Roxbury ; she was a woman of liberal education, and brilliant intellect. She died December, 1888; she was especially interested in hospital work among the sick and wounded Union soldiers. In 1864, while she was on the steamer "Empress" which was returning north with convalescent Union soldiers, up the Mississippi river, the boat was fired into by Confederate masked batteries and riddled with shot and its captain and several soldiers killed.

Mrs. Elliot had many thrilling experiences while living in the south, both before and during the Civil war, among them the raiding by Indians of an emigrant camp on the plantation where she was visiting in Texas, and the stampeding of all their horses and cattle.

Mrs. Elliot's own father was David Ring, Jr., who it is surmised may have been a descendant of Widow Mary Ring, one of the early settlers of Plymouth, Massachusetts, and whose great-grandson, Andrew, married a descendant of Miles Standish, and settled in Maine. David Ring, Jr., was born in Sumner, Maine, April 7, 1801, and died in Wisconsin, in June, 1874. He was son of David Ring, Sr., born March 3, 1769, and Mehitable (Crockett) Ring; she was born August 26, 1769; Mehitable's father was John- Crockett, born August 14, 1738, and her mother, Mary (Starbird) Crockett, born January 19, 1745. David Ring, Jr., married, June 24, 1824, Mary, daughter of John, Jr. and Mary (Urann) Spencer. Mary (Spencer) Ring was born in Bangor, Maine, in 1806, and died in Wisconsin, October 13, 1846. Mrs. Elliot's own parents moved from Maxfield, Maine, to Illinois and thence to Wisconsin, about the year 1839 or 1840, where she was born in Union, Rock county, November 23, 1843; on the death of her mother, in 1846, she became by act of legislature the adopted child of Mr. and Mrs. Hyer, as before stated. Mary (Urann) Spencer was baptized in Boston, December 14, 1777, and was married on February 16, 1795, to John Spencer, Jr., by the Rev. Peter Thatcher, of the Brattle Street Church in Boston. Mr. Spencer died October 6, 1816, and in 1818 his widow became the second wife of David Ring, Sr., and stepmother of David, Jr., who, as already stated, married her daughter Mary. Mary (Urann) Spencer was daughter of Joseph and Hannah (Emmes) Urann, both of Boston; Joseph and Hannah were married July 28, 1776; Joseph was son of Captain Thomas and Mary (Sloper) Urann, and was born June II, 1753, in Boston.

Thomas Urann was a member of the "Tea Party ;' he was captain of Artificers in Colonel Richard Gridley's regiment at Bunker Hill, and later under General William Heath. Mrs. Elliot has one of his original company pay rolls, signed by General Heath, and countersigned "Capt. Thomas Urann;"' he was one of the "Sons of Liberty," and a member of the "North End Caucus," a patriotic association whose membership included Paul Revere, John and Samuel Adams and General Joseph Warren; he was a member, and for some time master of the celebrated St. Andrews Lodge of Free Masons, and one of the organizers and first officers of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. Captain Urann was son of Joseph and Sarah (Jamison) Urann, born in Boston, February 3, 1723, and married April 3, 1751, Mary Sloper, also of Boston. Among Mrs. Elliot's other ancestors were Chief Justice Bartholomew Gedney, of Salem, Captain Joshua Hobart, of Hingham, and Jonas Clark, "the famous ruling elder,' of Cambridge.

Mr. Elliot's sister, Mary Elvira Elliot, was born in Somerville, February 2, 1851. She was educated in the schools of Somerville and Cambridge, and at a private school at Foxboro. She has been a contributor to the press for nearly forty years. In 1878 she assisted in organizing a soldiers' relief corps in Somerville, and was its president, for five years. In 1885 she became state secretary of the Massachusetts Woman's Relief Corps, having a membership in this state of about fifteen thousand, which office she still holds; in attendance upon national conventions she has travelled in nearly all of the states and territories of the Union, and has also delivered many memorial day addresses before Grand Army of the Republic posts; she is an officer of the Ladies' Aid Association of the Soldiers' Home; a charter member of the Bunker Hill Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, a member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, the Somerville Historical Society and other organizations.

After the war Mr. and Mrs. Elliot lived in Foxboro, Cambridge, Brookline, Newton and Somerville, Massachusetts. Meanwhile Mr. Elliot was engaged in various engineering works, including Charlestown, Somerville and Arlington water works; Charlestown, Back 3ay, Cambridge and Somerville sewerage; Cape Cod canal surveys and estimates; city engineership of Somerville, 1872-74-75 ; insurance surveys of Boston, Lynn and other cities ; laying out the Mystic Valley and other parkways; the development, management and marketing of real property; for three years he was in a manufacturing business; and for the last twenty years has been professional expert for corporations and estates.

Mr. Elliot was for several years president of the Somerville Historical Society; also a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, American Historical Association, New England Historic Genealogical Society, Somerville Board of Trade, Boston Society of Civil Engineers, etc. ; in 1892 he published a history of Somerville, and has been a contributor to the press for many years. Mrs. Elliot is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution; Ladies' Aid Association of the Soldiers' Home; Woman's Relief Corps; Somerville Historical Society; and other associations.

Mr. and Mrs. Elliot have had five children: Emily Frances, who died in infancy. Clara Zenora, born in Cambridge. Ella Florence, born in Newton. Charles Joseph, born in Cambridge. Adelaide Genevieve, born in Somerville. They were educated in the grammar and high schools of Somerville; Clara Z.; Ella F.. and. Adelaide G. all haye ween students at Radcliffe College, and are members of its. "Idler Club." -Charles J. is a, civil engineer. Clara Z. is a member of the Radcliffe Union; Woman's Relief Corps; Universalist church; and Somerville Historical Society. Ella F. Elliot is a professional genealogist, and is compiling the Elliot, Ring, Urann, Bickford and other genealogies ; she is a member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, and of the Radcliffe Union, ete. Adelaide G. is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and has been a student at the Conservatory of Music; and at the Normal Art and other art schools. All reside in Somerville.

1889, aged eighty years five months. He spent his youth in his native land and learned the trade of sailor there. He came to this country and settled in Lowell, Massachusetts, in 1823, and followed his trade there. After a few years he embarked in business on his own account as a tailor with a store on Central street. He occupied afterward various stores on the principal streets of the city. He was prosperous, and during his active career was one of the best known and most substantial merchants in his line of business. He was a Democrat in politics, and in 1863 was a member of the common council of Lowell. In his younger days he belonged to the various I[rish- American organizations, and was active. He was also a member of the Old Residents' Association. He was in feeble health for several years before his death, owing chiefly to his great age. Mr. McEvoy was frank and genial in disposition, and of the ready wit characteristic of his race. He was well known in the city of Lowell, and well liked by all who knew him. His home was at 38 Tenth street, Lowell. His wife survived him. Children: 1. John F. 2. Henry. 3. Ann E., married Philip P. Haggerty, of Lowell. 4. Catherine T., married, 1889, John H. Buttrick, born in Lowell, July 10, 1830, son of John Buttrick (6) (See sketch of Buttrick family in this work). 5. Mary J., resided in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1889. 6. Patrick H., resided in Marlborough. 7. George A., resides in Lowell. 8. William A., bookkeeper for Walter Coburn, Lowell; resides in Lowell. 9. Charles H., resides in Lowell; night operator in the central

The name of Whitney belongs to a knightly family of remote English antiquity founded by Eustace, living 1086, and styled De Whitney from the lordship of Whitney which he possessed. The present form of the name has been established for about four centuries. The American Whitneys of to-day justly claim the blood of many families whose names are most familiar in English history. The early owners of the land before the days when surnames were used were persons whose Christian names, might be, for example, Eustace, or Baldwin, or Robert, and these were as is known in this case, Eustace of Whitney, Baldwin of Whitney, and Robert of Whitney, from the name of the place of their abode, which in this instance, was that locality known at present as the parish of Whitney, situated in the county of Hereford, upon the extreme western border of England adjoining Wales. The earliest mention of the place is a record in Domesday Book, A. D. 1086. The parish of Whitney is traversed by the river Wye, which gives it its name, Whitney-on-the-Wye. It is one of the most beautiful spots in old England, its Rhydspence Inn reminding one of the description of the old May-Pole. The-Anglo- Saxon derivation of the name Whitney is evidently from '"hewit,' white, and "ey" water, the name meaning white water. In the west of England to-day, Whit-bourn means White brook; Whit-church, White church; and Whit-on, the White town. De Whitney (de, meaning "of'?) came to be regarded as the family name, and in the course of time this prefix was dropped and the name became Whitney, as it is to-day.

The line had been established for more than five hundred years at Whitney and John, the first settler of this name at Watertown, Massachusetts, could trace his descent directly to Sir Robert of Whitney, who was living in 1242, whose father Eustace, already mentioned, took the surname De Whitney on the Wye in the Marches of Wales, who through a line of three or four generations which has been ably traced by Henry (Whitney) Millville, Esq., of New York, in his history of the Whitney family, was a descendant of one "Turstin de Fleming," a follower of William the Conqueror who was mentioned in the Domesday Book, A. D. 1086. The line from Sir Robert (1) of Whitney, living in 1242, passed to another Robert (2) of Whitney, and then by Sir Eustace (3) of Whitney, to Sir Robert (4), Sir Robert (5), Sir Eustace (6) de Whitney, knight, Robert (7) of Whitney, James (8) of Whitney, Robert (9) of Icond, Sir Robert (10) of Whitney, knight, Robert (11) of Whitney, esquire, Thomas (12) of Westminster, gentleman, to John Whitney, who with his wife Elinor, and several sons emigrated from London, England, in 1635, and settled in Watertown, Massachusetts, the first of the name in America, and the ancestor of a great majority of the Whitneys now living in this country.

We unfortunately have no space to speak here of the distinguished members of the early Whitney race in England or to enlarge upon the distinguished careers of many of its modern American members. This has been very fully done in several meritorious genealogies published on this side of the water. Sir Robert Whitney, knight, was sheriff of Herefordshire in the first year of Richard II (1337) and is mentioned by Thomas Fuller in his famous "History of the Worthies of England." It is no doubt true that the family were entitled to a coat armor as long ago as the early crusades and the armorial ensign remained unchanged certainly until the time of the emigration of John Whitney to New England. As the motto on the shield of the Whitney race translated from the Latin into English, is "Gallantly uphold the Cross," the crusade origin of that object of honor would appear to be substantiated by the facts. The Whitney coat-of-arms is a shield with a blue ground on which is a large cross formed of checker-board squares of gold and red, above which, as a crest, was a bull's head, cut off at the neck, black, with silver horns tipped with red. A cross on an ancient coat-of-arms indicated that it belonged to a crusader. A family coat-of-arms could not be devised where the cross would be more prominent than in the Whitney design. In fact, the cross is the only symbol. The coatof-arms as described, appears on the walls of Hereford Cathedral, England, where a Mrs. Lucy Booth, daughter of Sir Robert Whitney, was buried in 1763. The bull's head is said to have been adopted as a family crest from the fact that Sir Randolph de Whitney, who accompanied Richard, the lion hearted king of England, to the crusades, was once attacked by three Saracens, one of them the brother of Saladin. Sir Randolph Whitney, single handed, defended himself with the greatest vigor, but his assailants were gaining upon him when a Spanish bull, feeding near by, becoming angry at the red dresses of the Saracens flitting before him, joined in the attack against to flight and left the field victorious to Sir Randolph and the bull. In acknowledgment of the services of the bull in time of need, the bull's head was adopted as a crest to the family coat of arms. Whether this account be true or not, it is certain that the American descendants of the ancient English Whitney family have many times indicated a "bull headed" strength of mind and tenacity of purpose in many laudable undertakings.

(1) John Whitney of Watertown, Massachusetts, born in England, died at Watertown, June 7, 1673, aged eighty-four'years ; his first wife Elinor died at Watertown, May 11, 1659, aged fifty-four years; he married second, September 29, 1659, Judith Clement, who died before her husband. Although the Whitney family is quite numerous in this country, a very large share of them are descendants of John and Elinor Whitney of Watertown, Massachusetts. John Whitney was third son of Thomas Whitney, "gentleman," and dwelt for several years in the parish of Isleworth, near London, England. He was baptized in the parish church of Saint Margaret, July 20, 1592. At Watertown he was a highly respected citizen and shared with the schoolmaster and the minister the then highly esteemed title of "Mr." He served the town as town clerk, selectman and constable for many years, being the first town clerk to be elected by the town. He owned extensive lots of land on one of which he resided. His will dated April 3, 1673, left a large property to his family. Children of John and Elinor Whitney: 1. Mary, baptized at Isleworth, May 23, 1619, died young. 2. John, born in England, 1624, died at Watertown, October 12, 1692; married Ruth Reynolds. 3. Richard, born in England, 1626; married, March 19, 1650-51, Martha Coldam; in 1697 was residing at Stow, Massachusetts. 4. Nathaniel, born in England, 1627, died young. 5. Thomas, born in England, 1629, died September 20, 1719; married January 11, 1654-5, Mary Kedall. 6. Jonathan, see forward. 7. Joshua, born in Watertown, July 15, 1635, died before October 6, 1719; married (first) Lydia ; second, Mary , died in Watertown, March 17, 1671-2; third, September 30, 1672, Abigail Tarbell, of Watertown. 8. Caleb, born in Watertown, buried July 12, 1640. 9. Benjamin, born in Watertown, June 6, 1643, died 1723; married (first) Jane , died November 14, 1690; second, April 13, 1695, Mary Poor, of Mlarlborough, Massachusetts.

(II) Jonathan Whitney, son of John Whitney (1), born in England, 1634, died in Sherburne, Massachusetts, 1702; married, in Watertown, Massachusetts, October 30, 1656, Lydia, daughter of Lewis and Anna Jones, of Watertown. He became a resident of Sherburne in 1679. He left a will dated January 12, 1702. Children: x, Lydia, bornyjulyes; 1657, died 1719; married April 15, 1681, Moses Adams, of Sherburne. 2. Jonathan, see forward. 3. Anna, born April 28, 1660, died March 6, 1701; married Cornelius Fisher, of Wrentham. 4. John, born June 27, 1662, died 1735; married first, April 10, 1688, Mary Hapgood, of Sherburne; second, 1694, Sarah Haven, of Lynn, died April 23, 1718; third, November 10, 1718, Mrs. Martha (How) Walker, of Framingham, who died November 14, 1721. 5. Josiah, born May 19,

(III) Jonathan Whitney, son of Jonathan Whitney (2), born at Watertown, October 20, 1658, died at Concord, March 17, 1734-5; married Sarah, daughter of Shadrach and Elizabeth (Treadway) Hapgood, of Sudbury. He served in King Philip's war, 1676; and built a house in Sherburne in 1691, but soon afterward returned to Watertown and later resided in the town of Sudbury and Concord. His will dated March 14 was proved March 18, 1735. Children: 1. Sarah, born March 2, 1692-3, died April 10, 1752; married, November, 1712, Jonathan Warren, of Watertown. 2. Jonathan, born September 27, 1694, died young. 3. Tabitha, born August 22, 1696; married first, February 28, 1715, Jacob Fulham, of Weston; he was a sergeant in Captain Lovewell's company, and was killed in a fight with the Indians at Fryeburg, Maine, May 8, 1725; married second, April 19, 1726, George Parkhurst, of Weston, who died March 17, 1734-5; married third, August Io, 1736, Samuel Hunt, of Weston. 4. Shadrach, born October 12, 1698, died July 1764; married January 5, 1731, Mrs. Prudence Lawrence, widow of Thomas Lawrence, of Groton. She died December 25, 1762. 5. Jonathan, born November 25, 1700. 6. Anne, born May 22, 1702, died at Lincoln, August 24, 1793; marriéd March 3, 1723, Captain Ebenezer Cutler. 7. Amos, born May 1, 1705, died October 31, 1770; resided at Townsend. 8. Zaccheus, born November 16, 1707, died at Bedford, March 14, 1739-40; married May 23, 1724, Mary Wheeler, of Concord; she married second, January 1, 1740-41, William Grimes, of Bedford, and died July 15, 1742. g. Timothy, born February 20, 1708-9, died 1740; married, May 24, 1738, Submit Parker; she married second, June 11, 1741, Reuben Woods, of Groton. to. Daniel, see forward. 11. Isaac, of Concord, died before February 4, 1754.

1710; died at Boylston, October 18, 1779; married at Shrewsbury, March 8, 1738-9, Thankful Allen, daughter of Elnathan and Mercy (Rice) Allen. She died his widow at Boylston, August 8, 1801, aged eighty-eight years. He resided for the greater part of his life in the north precinct of Shrewsbury, now the town of Boylston. Children: 1. Levi, see forward. 2. Timothy, born October 25, 1743; married, December 1, 1768, Catherine Davenport, of Shrewsbury, who died his widow at Boylston, August 19, 1831, aged eighty-four years. 3. Daniel, born September 4, 1746; married September 26, 1771, Catherine Stone, of County Gore (Oxford), Massachusetts. 4. Sarah, born September 9, 1749, died June, 1817; married, at Shrewsbury, December 17, 1769, Nathan Banister, of Brookfield.

(V) Lieutenant Levi Whitney, son of Daniel Whitney (4), born at Shrewsbury, December 5, 1739, died at Townsend, January 8, 1809; married first, December 19, 1764, Rebecca, daughter of Deacon Samuel Clark, of Townsend; second, November 13, 1780, Mrs. Lydia (Randall) Price, of Townsend, widow of Major Henry Price, first deputy grandmaster of Masons in America.

Levi Whitney resided in the town of Townsend and Shrewsbury, and was a member of Captain James Hosley's company, Colonel William Prescott's regiment, which marched on the alarm of April 19, 1775, to Cambridge ; first lieutenant of Captain Henry Farwell's company, Colonel William Prescott's regiment, at battle of Bunker Hill, Jume 17, 1775. He was a manufacturer of agricultural tools by occupation, and a man of much. mechanical ingenuity. He was selectman of Townsend, 1777, and a man of high standing in the community. His two brothers, Shadrach and Amos, left substantial bequests to the towns of Townsend, Groton, Mason, Ashby, and Shirley. Levi Whitney was executor of Amos and his principal heir. The hundred pounds in money, the parsonage and farm, his choice hall clock and set of pulpit furniture, Amos Whitney gave to the town of Townsend, were all lost and scattered in the financial troubles which followed the revolution, and yet his memory is still cherished in his native town as its principal benefactor. The interést of the hundred pounds was left for the support of a reading and writing school. A_ substantial gravestone, erected by his brother Levi, recites his merits as legibly as when it was first erected in 1770. About fifty years ago the old clock given to the town was returned to Asa Whitney, of Philadelphia, uncle of Arthur E.

Whitney, who cherished and cared for it until his death. It is now in good running order, and in possession of James S. Whitney of Philadelphia, great-grandson of Levi Whitney. Shadrach Whitney, a brother of Levi and of Amos, left forty pounds to the town of Groton for the support of the minister of that town. He was born in Watertown, lived in Townsend, Mason and Groton, passing away in the latter town. Children of Levi Whitney: By first wife: 1. Amos, born February 11th., 1766, died October 2, 1854; married, August 16, 1789, Anna Brown, of Concord; resided at Chelmsford. 2. Asa, see forward. 3. Sarah, born 1769, married, May 3, 1791, Eleazer Flint, of Reading. 4. Sibyl, born August 27, 1770, married Cyrus Smith, of New Ipswich, New Hampshire. 5. Aaron, born 1772, died at Calais, Maine, February 16, 1845; married first, November 16, 1797, Phebe Dunklee, of Amherst, New Hampshire, who died January 31, 1800; and second, Olive Lund, who died in January, 1867; resided at

6. Sewall, died unmarried, at Lansingsburgh, New York. Child by second wife: 7. Rebecca, born July 29, 1781; married September 18, 1799, Benjamin Wallace, of Townsend. (VI) Asa Whitney, son of Lieutenant Levi Whitney (V), born at Townsend, Massachusetts, 1767, died there December 27, 1851; married, February 25, 1790, Mary Wallate. She died February 11, 1846. He lived and died in Townsend. By occupation he was what was called in the country, a black and white smith, and was much skilled in making agricultural tools, steel traps, gun locks, andirons and fire place fixtures. A black and white smith was one who forged iron and also finished it. His son Joel used to relate that he disliked to hear when a boy that any one in Townsend was to be married, because it meant that he would have to scour and polish all the andirons, frying pans, tongs, &c., required by the new housekeepers. All of his sons were prominent in mechanical pursuits, and by their ingenuity and inventions acquired prominent and notable positions in different parts of the country. His brothers also were noted as successful business mechanics. Aaron moved to Maine, where a town was named after him. His grandson, Amos Whitney, now living at Hartford, Connecticut, was one of the founders of the Pratt & Whitney Co., the largest and most successful company manufacturing machinist's tools and fine special machinery in this country. His name is well known, not only in this country but abroad. His son,

Clarence Edgar is engaged in manufacturing the celebrated W hitney roller chains for automobiles and other machinery. Asa Whitney's brother Amos engaged in the coopering business at Chelmsford and accumulated a large fortune in that mechanical occupation. His son Amos (2) died a bachelor, and by bequest gave $75,000 to Tufts College in memory of his father, besides making bequests to other relatives and friends. Mary Wallace, wife of Asa Whitney, was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, the Wallace family being among the first settlers of Townsend and most prominent in the community. They introduced the cooperage business into the town in its early days, and is at the present time Townsend's distinguishing business. Mary Wallace was a woman of bright, quick intellect, very witty in speech and a splendid specimen of a New England housekeeper. -Children of Asa Whitney: 1. Polly, born May 29, 1790, died March 17, 1861; married, September 17, 1812, James French, Jr., of Wilton, New Hampshire; resided at Hancock and Henniker, New Hampshire. 2. Asa, born December 1, 1791, died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 4, 1874; married at Watertown, New York, August 22, 1815, Clarinda, daughter of Ralph Williams, of Groton, Connecticut ; she died July 6, 1879. 3. Samuel, born February 27, 1794, died December 16, 1870; married first, September 30, 1813, Polly Wallace, of Townsend, who died at Nashua, New Hampshire, September, 1825 ; married second, Kezia Gage. 4. Sewell, born born March 18, 1796, died unmarried, October 26, 1818. 5. Rebecca, born November 4, 1797, died September 1, 1800. 6. Sarah, born May 3, 1800, died September 28, 1829; married, October 15, 1821, George Hartwell, of Mason, New Hampshire. 7. Levi, born March 19, 1802; resided in Ohio. 8. Joel, see forward.

All the sons of Asa Whitney were successful mechanics not only as workmen but as inventors. His oldest son Asa first settled 'in New York state, where he became superintendent of the Mohawk & Hudson Railroad. He invented and made the first locomotive truck wheels which were set in front of the driving wheels of the "John Bull," the first locomotive introduced into this country from England. They are in general use at present. The directors of the road hitherto run by horses were about to abandon the use of the new locomotive, as it shook and damaged the track very much. Asa Whitney begged them not to do this, and offered to make the new machine operate without injury to the light track equipment for $500. It was a difficult piece of work for those days, as proper tools were not in existence. The work was successfully accomplished at. West Point after making special tools designed by Whitney. The brother of Asa, Joel Whitney, traveled to Albany from Massachusetts to see the new locomotive work which it did successfully notwithstanding the clouds of smoke and cinders which enveloped the passengers, the cars being all open to the weather. Asa Whitney was commissioner of canals while in New York and his reputation as a railroad engineer stood very high. For several years he was president of the Reading railroad when it was successfully managed. From 1842 to 1847 he was with W. H. Baldwin, of Philadelphia, engaged in building locomotives on a large scale. This firm was the foundation of the present great company, the Baldwin Locomotive Works. Mr. Whitney gave up locomotive building to engage in the manufacture of car wheels under a patent annealing process of his own invention. He amassed a large fortune in this business which he distributed with a wise yet generous hand. At his death he bequeathed $50,000 to the Pennsylvania University for the benefit of mechanics, and as much more to hospitals and other charities besides leaving generous amounts to his large family. He was a man of great attainments, a natural scholar, of quick wit, and a very generous nature. He was a great lover of books, and accumulated a fine library of His own selecting. In every way he was a good product of our New England education of eighty years ago. He was helpful to all who knew him up to the day of his death. Samuel Whitney, brother of Asa, was also a successful mechanic. He invented much in wood-working machinery, making the first successful wood planing machine. The only brother of this family who was not an iron worker was Sewell Whitney, who was a cunning worker in wood. He made bowls, bottles and trays. He secretly made wood bottles of green poplar wood all in one piece, turned inside and out. Seasoned heads were put in, and when the outside of the bottle dried and shrunk, it tightened the head so that the bottle would hold water and was air-tight. Many haymakers have been refreshed from these unbreakable samples of hoopless wooden ware. He died at thirty-two years of age, else the world might have heard more of him. (VII) Joel Whitney, son of Asa (6), born at Townsend, June 8, 1807, died at Winchester, December 2, 1892; married October 30,

1844, Esther Maria Treadwell, born at Warner, New Hampshire, died at Winchester, Massachusetts, March 1, 1go00, daughter of Nathaniel Rogers, and Judith (Evans) Treadwell. She was descended from the Rogers and Treadwell families of Ipswich, Massachusetts, one of her first ancestors in this country being Rev. Nathaniel Rogers, first minister in Ipswich, and a direct descendent of John Rogers, burnt at the stake in England. A suitable bronze tablet at Ipswich marks the dwelling place of Nathaniel Rogers. The Treadwells are also a notable Ipswich family, one of their number, Daniel Treadwell, professor of mechanics at Harvard and the "Thealogian of the Golden Rule" described in Longfellow's '"Tales of a Wayside Inn," being a near relative of Nathaniel Rogers Treadwell, both being brought up together in the same family. Professor Treadwell was a great mechanic not only by profession but by works as he invented a notable machine for making ropes which did away with hand made ropes. This machine is in general use to-day. He was also a great authority on naval armament and guns.

The earlier days of Joel Whitney were passed in his native town, where he was a schoolmaster for a time. Later he removed to Nashua, then to Boston and later to South Reading, now Wakefield, and next in 1844 to South Woburn, now Winchester. Here as an inventor and machinist he established a plant which became famous. He was a close friend and advisor of the inventors Goodyear and Haywood when they were struggling with their early experiments upon india rubber, and he made also many improvements in the process of making the first' steel saws and other woodworking machinery.

As his life progressed he took front rank as an inventor and made many inventions in machines used in the manufacture of rubber, many woodworking machines and machines for saw makers, and for the manufacture of leather. His work is found in all parts of the world, and a list of his varied inventions would be, if it could be inserted here, a monument to his industry and ability. After 1883 he retired from the active pursuit of business. He was calm and genial in his temperament, of great wit, social in his nature, a great reader, never sought applause or notoriety, had a fine taste for the beautiful in nature, loved music and the fine arts, devoted much of his leisure time to horticulture, and while he never cared for public office he was regarded by all as a valuable citizen. He lived a useful,

Children: 1. Evelyn French, born August 16, 1845, died December 3, 1883. 2. Arthur Eastman, see forward. 3. George Evans, born February 10, 1849; married June 6, 1883, Helen Gertrude, daughter of William G. and Mary Ann Lewis; resides at Cambridge. 4. Joel Francis, born March 5, 1851, died December 16, 1852. 5. Addie Maria, born January 23, 1854; married, January 26, 1876, Albert Eugene Ayer, of Winchester. 6. Fred Milton, born October 27, 1856, died August 7, 1890; married, April 15, 1888, Elmira T. White. 7. Delia, born September 17, 1862.

(VIII) Arthur Eastman Whitney, son of Joel Whitney (7), born in Woburn (set off as Winchester in 1850), July 5, 1847; married first, November 7, 1878, Alice Fletcher, born at Charlestown, August 15, 1853, died at Winchester, July 15, 1901, daughter of Jacob G. and Sarah H. Fletcher; married second, December 2, 1903, Alice Emma Marston, of Arlington, daughter of Alfred and Emma (Lawrence) Marston.

inent citizens of Winchester, where he has held for long terms the offices of selectman, trustee of public library, and filled many other local positions of trust and honor. He is one of the most active influences in making that choice residential town what it is; the highways of the town were much improved from his instigation and active work while he held office; he is interested in the local history of the town, and in 1890 was the moving spirit in promoting the celebration of the 250th anniversary of its first white settlement, the first house in the old town of Woburn being built on Winchester territory ; he has written articles displaying great ability on the subject of the ancient history of his section of the older town; he has also delivered papers before historical societies and local organizations on subjects of current interest and local history. He has collected in the course of years a vast amount of legal and historical information regarding estates in the center of Winchester, where his ancient mill privilege is situated; the history of this estate being traced through the family of Richardson back to the time of the early Converse family, who were prominent in the formative period of the colony and province of Massachusetts Bay in New England. He is a life member of the Massachusetts Horticultural 'Society and the New England His-

As we have seen, Arthur E. Whitney's direct ancestors have mostly been successful mechanics and inventors, all carrying on business for themselves and independent of partners. None of them have lived in cities, but not remote from them. From the time of John. Whitney's first settlement at Watertown in 1635, down to Arthur E. Whitney, all have lived within the limits of Middlesex county. Many other descendants of John Whitney, not directly in our subject's line, have been most notable mechanics such as Eli Whitney, Baxter D. Whitney and the Whitneys who have so developed the manufacture of chairs in and about Gardner, Massachusetts.

As a mechanical engineer, inventor, and machinist Arthur E. Whitney has_ proved himself an equal of his ancestors. He has taken out many patents all of which have been successful. His concern manufactures large quantities of leather working machines much of it being sold abroad. His machine shop is located at the corner of Main and Walnut streets, Winchester Center, on the same site first occupied by his father in 1844.

Children by first wife: 1. Robert Fletcher, born September 29, 1879; married, June 21, 1904, Elizabeth Webster Stillman, of Winchester, daughter of Captain Charles .A. of U.S. Navy, and Harriet (Allen) Stillman ; resides in Winchester. 2. Harold Treadwell, born April 25, 1885, resides in Winchester. Child by second wife: 3. Joel Marston, born October 5, 1905.

Sr. were appointed messengers to carry a letter from the Rhode Island Assembly to Governor Cranfield of New Hampshire, at Mr. Smith's house at Narragansett, and they were to bring back an answer. His will was made June 2, 1685, and proved June 29, 1685, and his wife Elizabeth and son William and daughter Mary Remington were executors. Children: 1. Mary, married Thomas Remington. 2. William, resided at Portsmouth. 3. Thomas, died August 12, 1719; married Anne Barnes ; settled in Swansea, Massachusetts. 4. John, born October 26, 1670; mentioned below. 5. Matthew, born November 20, 1675; married May 2, 1700, Phebe - . 6. Mercy, married January 1, 1702, John Barnes. 7. Sarah.

(II) John Allen, son of William Allen (1), born October 26, 1670, died March 30, 1747; resided at North Kingston, Rhode Island; married Sarah , born in New Haven, Connecticut, June 14, 1677, died about' 1747. His will was proved April 17, 1747, and his wife Sarah was executrix. To her he willed all the indoor movables and negroes Simon and Dinah. Children: 1. Thomas. 2. Phebe, married Slocum. 3. Elizabeth, married Fairbanks. 4. John, born May 15, 1710. 5. William, born May 15, 1710 (twin). 6. Jonathan, mentioned below. 7. Bathsheba, born April Io, 1721; married Johnson. 8. Mercy, married - Card.

(III) Jonathan Allen, son of John Allen (2), born August 6, 1717; resided at North Kingston; married there, November 2, 1740, Elizabeth Huling.

(IV) Jonathan Allen, son of Jonathan Allen (3), born at North Kingston, about 1745; married Annie Miner. Children: Timothy; Miner, mentioned below.

(V) Miner Allen, son of Jonathan Allen (4), was born at North Kingston, Rhode Island. On account of his royalistic sentiments his father removed to Nova Scotia. Miner Allen settled in Parrsborough, Nova Scotia. He was well educated, and taught school. After his marriage he settled on a farm on Parrsborough shore, comprising about four hundred acres, a large part of which was woodland, and which proved a profitable investment. He was a man of medium height and large build, of quiet and retiring disposition, beloved by all who knew him. He and his wife were Episcopalians. He was a Conservative in politics. He married Mary Elitia DeLesdenia, a native of Paris, France. Children: 1. Charles Miner, married Mary Holliday, of Parrsborough; had John William and Charles Miner. 2. Hannah, born September 1798; married Francis Duff; children: i. James Duff, born June 18, 1817; ii. Maria Duff, born January 13, 1821; iii. Naomi Jane Duff, born January 1, 1823; iv. Eunice Duff, born March 18, 1825; v. Allen Duff, vi. Lavinia Duff, born May 14, 1829; vii. Charles Duff; viii. Nathan Duff; ix. Hannah Duff; x. Albert Duff. 3. John, married Mary Loomer, of Parrsborough; children: Henry, Rosanna, ' David and Miner, twins, Jane and Rebecca, twins, Rachel, Mary, Alfred, Victoria, Amelia, Milessa and Archibald. 4. Asa, died May, 1885 ; married first, Rebecca Lovely ; had Nelson, Mary, Hiram, Olive, Daniel; married second, Mary Phinney; had Charles William and George; married third, Bethia Hayzell; had Rebecca Ann, Cynthia Maria, Maud and Asa Brightman. 5. Moses, married Susan Rand. 6, Mary, married first, Wellington Williger, had Mary Ann Williger; married second, David Loomer; had Amasa, Gideon, Luke, Stephen and Asenath Ann Loomer. Pi Lydia, married Silas Hatfield; had Hannah, John, Arnold, Charles and James Hatfield. 8. William, born July 18, 1816; died October 14, 1897; married, January, 1839; Hannah Bennett, born September 17, 1820, died November 11, 1892; children: i. Pauline, born April 27, 1840; 11. Maria, born April 22, 1842; iii. Norman, February 16, 1844; iv. Lynda, December 25, 1846; v. Oliver, born October 21, 1848, died July 13, 1852; vi. Naomi, born July 24, 1850; vil. W. Oliver, February 15, 1852; viii. James Albert, February 7, 1854; ix. Leander, April 24, 1856; x. Silas, September 19, 1858; xi. Hannah Jane, December 11, 1860; xii. Hester Ann, April 21, 1863, died August, 1868; xiii. Herman Haniford, born August 9g, 1867. 9. Nathan, married Rebecca Morris, of Parrsborough; had Lockman, James and Amelia. 10. Archibald, mentioned below. 11. Eunice.

(VI) Archibald Allen, son of Miner Allen (5), born at Parrsborough, Nova Scotia, April 11, 1819, died August 16, 1896. His youth was spent in attending the common schools and assisting his father on the farm, and he early went to sea. He went on coasting vessels, owned by David Loomer, whose daughter he married. He afterward gave up the sea for farming on an estate of three hundred acres, the gift of his father-in-law. Here he built a house and became a prosperous farmer, remaining here the rest of his life. He was a man who held the good opinion of all his neighbors, who called him "Uncle" in affectionate regard. He was an imposing man of fine physique. He was elder in the Methodist church, and a strong supporter of the principles of his faith. In politics he was a Conservative. He was a member of the school committee, and held the office of fish warden. He declined the office of postmaster, which was offered him. He married, 1848, Mary Loomer, born August 18, 1822, died October 17, 1898, daughter of David and Rachel (Bigelow) Loomer, of Parrsborough. ~Her father was a shipbuilder and owner, and a sea captain. Children: 1. John, born 1842; married Jane Sanford. 2. Cynthia, born June 14, 1844; married March 20, 1868, James Burton Peppard, of Great Village, Nova Scotia; children: i. Inglis Archibald Peppard, born September 28, 1870; married June 17, 1806,

Wealthy Jane Newcomb, of Portland, Maine; had Avis Blanche Peppard, born June, 1898, John Inglis Peppard, born August 26, 1899, Pressley Alvin Peppard, born July 14, 1904; ii. Mary Peppard, born February 14, 1875, died October 18, 1889; ili. Blanche Peppard, born April 22, 1877; married, June 2, 1897, Frazer Pritchard, of Parrsborough; had Nettie Gladys Pritchard, born January 18, 1898, Arthur Burton Pritchard, born November 13, 1899, died November 13, 1902, Sheldon Inglis Pritchard, born July 11, 1901, died April 1, 1903, Carlton Frazer Pritchard, born August 23, 1904; iv. Nettie Peppard, born September 2, 1880; v. Alonzo Halliburton Peppard, born December 7, 1884, married November 7, 1905, Bessie Brien, of Halifax; had Clayton Douglass Peppard, born March 19, 1907. 3. Eunice, born July 5, 1850; married January 10, 1870, Archibald McClellan; children: i. Maria Mc- Clellan, born October 14, 1870, married March, 1894, John Grant; ii. Archibald Mc- Clellan, born November 24, 1872, died December 7, 1881; iii. Charles Lowell McClellan, born May 16, 1875; iv. Albert Pressley Mc- Clellan, born December 15, 1877, died December 19, 1898; v. Owen Douglass McClellan, born May 22, 1881; vi. Mary Luella McClellan, born January 9, 1885, married September 3, 1903, Ira B. Morris. 4. Lavinia, married James Hatfield; had Cynthia, (married George Hamilton), Ethel (married Taylor Campbell), Marie, Justus and Archibald Hatfield. 5. Douglass, born October 14, 1857; married November 16, 1885, Ella Millbury, born November 14, 1868, of Eatonville, Nova Scotia; children: i. Pearl Hester, born October 9, 1886; ii. William Hedley, born July 3, 1888, died December 5, 1888; iii. Alonzo Hanson, born October 3, 1889; iv. Curtis Boaz, born October 18, 1891; v. Arthur Lawson, born October 25, 1893; vi. Stella Beatrice, born March 31, 1897; vii. May Pentelow, born May 1, 1899; viii. Alice Louise, born October 25, 1902. 6. Justus, born March Te Teoes. 7. Alonzo, mentioned below.

(VII) Alonzo Allen, son of Archibald Allen (6), was born at Parrsborough, the financial capital and port of entry of Nova Scotia, August 17, 1864. He was educated in the common schools of his native town, with two years in the advanced grade at Advocate Harbor. He early learned the trade of carpenter under Amasa Loomer, serving an apprenticeship of four years in 1886. He came to Boston, Massachusetts, and began work with Miller and Ladd. He next worked for Walter Batchelder, of Chelsea, and was em- ployed for the following six years by Woodbury & Leighton, Boston contractors. In July, 1895, he started in business with his cousin Guy Loomer, under the firm name of Loomer & Allen, at Belmont. This firm was successful from the start, and have built residences for many of the wealthy citizens in that part of the state. Mr. Adlen does much of the architectural designing for the firm, among their contracts are: Brandon Castle; the home of Mrs. George W. Ropes, at Lincoln; the residence of Walter M. Dyer, at Brookline; of Joseph Morrell, at Dedham; of Richard Olney (2nd) at Dedham; of J. A. Jones and Mr. Allen at Chestnut Hill. They are at present erecting a fine dwelling for the Waldo brothers at Chestnut Hill. Mr. Allen has large interests in real estate and has built many houses for sales and to rent.

He and his. family formerly attended the Methodist Episcopal church at Watertown, but now attend the Baptist church. In politics he isa Republican. He is a member of the Master Builders' Association at Waltham. He married June 28, 1893, Ella Maud Crowe, born March 5, 1863, at Truro, Nova Scotia, daughter of George and Lavinia (Duff)

The surname Sands is of ancient English origin, and is spelled also Sandes and Sandys. The branch of the family in London and county Hants has borne since the reign of Henry VIII this coatof-arms: Argent a cross raguly and trunked or. Other branches of the family in Wilberton, Isle of Ely, South Pertherton, in county Somerset, Petersham in county Surrey, and in Westmoreland all have the following arms: Or a feese indented (another dancettée) between three crosses crosslet fitchée gules. Crest: A griffin sergeant per fesse or and gules.

Two pioneers of this family came to New England before 1650. James Sands, born at Reading, Berkshire, England, 1622, settled in Taunton, Massachusetts, as early as 1658, and died in Block Island, where he finally located, March 13, 1695; married in England, Sarah Walker; children: John, Edward, of Block Island; Samuel, of Cowneck, Long Island; Sarah, married Nathaniel Niles; James, settled in Long Island; Mercy, married Joshua Raymond, Block Island. From these are de-

(1) Henry Sands, the other immigrant, was an early settler at Boston. He was dismissed to the gathering of a church at Rowley, November 24, 1639, and was admitted a freeman October 6, 1640. He had a two-acre house lot in Rowley in 1643. He returned to Boston as early as 1646. He was a shipowner and the records show that he assigned a quarter interest of the ship "Welcome," January 3, 1648-49. He died in December, 1651 ; his wife Sybil survived him. Children: 1. Deliverance, born 1638, baptized January 6, 1638-39, at Boston. 2. Samuel, born at Rowley, June 20, 1640. 3. Mercy, born at Rowley, March 24, 1642. 4. Deliverance, born August, 16044, at Rowley. 5. John, mentioned below.

(11) John Sands, son of Henry Sands (1), was born at Boston, August 28, 1646. He had a grant of land at Boxford, Massachusetts, in 1667, and doubtless lived there for a time.

(III) James Sands, according to the family tradition, came from England and settled at Ipswich, Massachusetts, but there is reason to believe that he was descended from Henry Sands, of Boston and Rowley. He was born about 1690 and may have been son of John Sands (2), who lived in Boxford, formerly Ipswich, John Sands (2) may have removed to England, as there is little trace of him in Massachusetts records. James Sands removed from Ipswich to Biddeford, now Saco, Maine, where he died in 1745 leaving a large estate for his day, inventoried at one thousand sixteen pounds. He married Emma : Children: 1. James, mentioned below. 2.

in Buxton, Maine. 6. Ephraim, born Janwary 25, 1720, at Ipswich, died January 25, 1820, aged ninety-eight years; settled in Buxton, 1755; soldier in Revolution. 7. Patience, under eighteen in 1745; married Daniel Ridlon.

(IV) James Sands, son of James Sands (3), was born about 1715 and before 1720. He resided in Buxton in 1742 and returned to Ipswich. Children, born in Ipswich: 1. James, mentioned below. 2. Thomas, married Hannah Porter, of Coxhall, Maine, May 6, 1779; was then of Topsfield, Massachusetts; soldier in the Revolution. .

large tracts of land there, and his son Harlakenden, born 1635, removed in 1694 to Maine to occupy the land. He sold in 1688 parts of Coxhall to Roger Haskins and _ thirty-five others, most of them Ipswich men. John Low, Jr. was one. James Sands was not an original

James Patch's company in 1775. Children: 1. Betsey, born W srt eee) December 6, 1769, married Grey. Polly, born F riday, October I1, 1771, ae Edwards. 3. Thomas, mentioned below. 4. Jonn, born Thursday, April 9, 1778. 5. James, born Monday, April 16, 1781. 6. Nathan, born Monday, March, 1787. 7. Isaac, born Sunday, January 20, 1793, married Doreas born August 3, 1798, and had eleven children.

(VI) Thomas Sands, son of James (5) and Betsy (Low) Sands, was born in Lyman, Maine, February 2, 1775, died July 10, 1824, aged forty-nine years. When a youth his uncle, Judge John Low, offered Thomas and another nephew a farm of sixty acres or a course at the Academy. Thomas chose the latter and always regretted not having had a college education. He was a merchant (country store), farmer, carried on brick making, was justice of the peace, and had held every office in the gift of his county. Said Mr. Charles C. Little, of Little & Brown, to one of the sons: "Mr. Sands your father was the brightest, smartest man I ever knew." He married Eunice Goodridge, April 22, 1708, probably in Lyman, formerly Coxhall, Maine. Eight children were born to them, namely: 1. Nancy, born April 9, 1799, married Samuel Swell. 2. Eliza, born December 30, 1801, married Edmund Hayes, of Limerick, Maine. 3. Harriet, born April 22, 1803, married (first ) John Stone; married (second) David Stone; resided in Buxton, Maine. 4. Hiram, born July 15, 1805, married Sally Patten. 5. Ivory, mentioned below. 6. John Low, mentioned below. 7. James, born October 8, 1818, married Eliza Ann Littlefield. 8. Orin, born May 29, 1820, died unmarried.

(VII) Ivory Sands, fifth child of Thomas (6) and Eunice (Goodridge) Sands, was born in Lyman, Maine, August 17, 1807. A slender lad, subject to attacks of sciatica, who when he was sixteen years of age used crutches for a year and had through life a slight limp. Fond of reading and study he applied himself to his books with the view to become a physician; studying Latin with his Uncle Low, and later medicine with an old nearby doctor. The death of his father put an end to his hopes of a professional career, and at seventeen he "took up the burden of life' and learned thoroughly the brickmaking business which he followed in summer, teaching (and studying) winters for nine years. In 1833-34 Mr. Sands came to Massachusetts and opened a brickyard in Cambridgeport, afterwards off Putnam avenue, and later at Wyeth street, near Garden street. On February 19, 1835, Ivory Sands married Eliza Dow Ward, at her home in Plymouth, New Hampshire. Six children were born to them, of whom three died in infancy. In the 50's Mrs. Sands'. health becoming impaired, the family moved to Keyport, New Jersey. After a two years residence Mr. Sands sold out his business and bought a farm in and removed to Kent county, Delaware. The climate not proving beneficial to his wife's health, he returned to New Jersey and located, as he thought, permanently. After two years he became blind from paralysis of the optic nerve. A year of constant treatment proved of no avail in restoring his sight, and the family removed to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he died in 1878 and was laid to rest in Mt. Auburn. Mr. Sands was kind and generous to a fault. He possessed a keen sense of humor which kept him young at heart and helped him to exemplify the Gospel of Cheerfulness. A lover of' children, he was "Uncle Ivory" to all of the children and young people of his acquaintance. First a Whig, afterwards a staunch Republican, he never missed a caucus or voting if able to go to the polls. He was loyal to his country, state and city. He was a member of the Shepard Congregational church many years. his christian hope tided and buoyed him over many a rough sea of sorrow and trouble. Unconscious most of the last three weeks of his life, he caught glimpses of the glory and heard, with ecstacy, the music of the world beyond.

Children of Ivory and Eliza D. (Ward) Sands, born in Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harriet Eliza, the eldest child, remained with and cared for her parents with rare devotion. After her mother's death in 1882 she was married to Charles Francis Hicks, of Campello, who died in 1901. She now resides in Brockton. Albert I., see forward. Caroline Augusta, the third child, was married in Cambridge, by Rev. Alexander McKenzie, D. D., October 7, 1869, to Joseph I. W. Burgess, merchant of Wareham, where they have since lived. Children: Harry Sands and Alexina Putnam. Harry. Sands married, November

(VIL) John Low Sands, son of Thomas. Sands (6), was born in Lyman, Maine, March 23, 1814, and died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 19, 1880. He was thrown from his carriage and died, without recovering consciousness, four hours later. He was a large manufacturer of bricks at East Cambridge, Massachusetts. In politics he was a Whig, and later a Republican, and served as alderman of Cambridge. He was a member of the Shepard Congregational Church of Old Cambridge, of which he was a generous supporter up to the time of his death. His pastor, Rev. Dr. Alexander McKenzie, read at his funeral the First Psalm as the truest epitaph of the man and his life. He married, March 19, 1839, Sarah Ann Hayes, daughter of Benjamin I. Hayes. Children born in Cambridge: 1. Benjamin Franklin, born March 15, 1840, died February 5, 1881; married April 21, 1862, Mary A. Mayberry, daughter of Elijah N. and Rebecca (Palmer) Mayberry, of Thomaston, Maine; she died in Cambridge, March 8, 1908; children: i. Edward Irving, died young; iu. Frank Edgar, born December 4, 1865, married, June 25, 1890, Lydia R. Phipps, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and had four children, Dorothy, Donald, Mary and Walter; is with Sands, Taylor & Wood Company, wholesale flour merchants of Boston; iit. Frederick E., born July 1, 1866, with the Tri Mount Manufacturing Company, of Roxbury ; iv. John L., born May 12, '1873, married Jane Allen, of New York city, and resides in Cleveland, Ohio; no children; v. Elijah M., born October 20, 1878, married Helen A. Woodbury, of Beverly, Massachusetts, and have two children, John W. and Barbara. Benjamin F. Sands entered the employ of the firm of Henry Wood & Company, flour merchants of Boston, when a boy, and finally became a member of the firm of James F. Edmunds & Company, then Sands & Fernald, remaining until his death; he was a member of the North Avenue Church and of Charity Lodge of Free Masons, of North Cambridge. 2. John Newton, died June 28, 1886; married, December 10, 1866, Annie M. Cofran, who died February 20, 1888; children: i. Sarah Gertrude, born September 11, 1868, died July 27, 1871; ii. Nellie Sophia, born November 4, 1870, died September 27, 1872; iii. William Henry, born June 14, 1872; married, September 27, 1891, Emma Louise Trull; children: Ruth Clara, born September 9, 1892; Alice Mabel, March 23, 1894; Newton Francis, July 22, 1897; Marjorie, Oc- tober 24, 1898; Euna Winnifred, August 17, 1900; Annie Lydia, November 9, 1902; Irene Trull, July 29, 1904; iv. Clara Louise, born July 18, 1875, married, September 12, 1899, John William Lord; v. Annie Mabel, born August 6, 1878; vi. Frank Low, born December 21, 1880, married, March 5, Igo2, Janet Donaldson Woodburn; children: Paul Webster, born June 29, 1906, died October 16, 1906; Philip Woodburn, born December 5, 1907. 3. Orin Edgar, born April 28, 1850, married Charlotte Bradbury, sister of his brother's wife; is president of the Sands, Taylor & Wood Company, flour merchants of Boston; one child, Marion. 4. Martin Winslow, mentioned below. 5. Sarah Eunice, born August 23, 1854, married Daniel Webster Littlefield, of Kennebunk, Maine; no children. 6. Harriet Elizabeth, born December 3, 1856, married Frank E. Mason, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and had one son, Howard, born May 14, 1878; resided in Brooklyn, New York; died January 27, 1900.

(VIII) Martin Winslow Sands, son of John Low Sands (7), was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 4, 1852. He was educated in the Cambridge public schools, and then worked for his father. Later he was admitted into the firm, which was in the brick business. He continued in the firm until 1900, when he became a member of the New England Brick Company and is now the manager of the sales department, with an office at 189 Devonshire street, Boston. He is a member of the Mount Olivet Lodge Free Masons ; Cambridge Chapter; Royal Arch Masons, Boston Commandery, and Mount Sinai Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He belongs to the Citizen's Trade Association. He is a member of the Shepard Memorial Church, Cambridge. He is a man of high principal, respected by all who know him. He married Georgianna E. Bradbury, daughter of Ezra and Arexine Elizabeth Bradbury, of Kittery, Maine. They have no children.

(VIII) Albert Ivory Sands, youngest child of Ivory (7) and Eliza Dow (Ward) Sands, enlisted in Company F, Thirty-eighth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, two months after his seventeenth birthday. He took cold at Ship Island and had typhoid fever ; went to Port Hudson, had a relapse and was sent to St. James Hospital, New Orleans, where he was ill nine months; was discharged and returned broken in health and constitution. Later he twice entered Phillips Academy hoping to complete the course and study medicine, but was obliged to relinquish all thoughts of a profession. When his health permitted he took a course at French's Commercial College, and with Mr. Brown successfully managed a like school at Auburn, New York. A severe illness broke up his connection with the school and he returned to Cambridge. After a time he became bookkeeper for the firm of Frederick Clapp & Sons, Mr. Clapp being an honored oldtime Boston merchant. On June 7, 1870, Mr. Sands married Annie Isidore Clapp, and resided in Cambridge until his death in 1878, four weeks after his father's death. He was a bright man, witty, versatile and original. A member of Charles River Baptist Church; bravely he faced death; knowing and trusting his Pilot, calmly he "put out to sea" and crossed the bar. Of their three children, Frederick I. and Annie Thorndike are dead. The youngest, Sumner R. Mason, married Julia Barnard, of Nantucket; they have two sons, Roger Milton and John Wilson, and live on their farm at North Pembroke, Massachusetts, as also his mother, Mrs. Albert I. Sands.

was born in Hampton, New Hampshire, March 13, 1659. He lived in Hampton Falls, on the farm now owned by his descendant, Miss Sarah Sanborn. He married, December 28, 1682, Mary Gove, daughter of Edward, of Hampton; he) odied!: between: - 1722 sand' 724: "Elis widow married Morrill, of Salisbury, but separated and returned to live on the homestead at Hampton Falls. He was a shoemaker or cordwainer by trade. He bought twenty-five acres of land in the northwest part of Hampton of John Gove, December 8, 1692. He deeded his homestead in the south parish of Hampton to his son Joseph Jr., June 15, 1722, and also other property. He deeded real estate to his son, Abraham, June 13, 1722; to son David his rights in Chester, New Hampshire; to son Reuben a tract in Hampton, called a double portion, because he was eldest son; to son Edward a generous tract. Children: 1. Abigail, born April I, 1686; married, October 7, 1703, Ebenezer Dearborn, of Chester, son of Deacon Thomas, of Hampton. 2. Huldah, born May 3, 1688; married, October 17, 1705, Jonathan: Nason. of Hampton Falls; died October 7, 1758. 3. Reuben, born May 18, 1692. 4. Edward, born April 7, 1695. Abraham, born March 1o, 1696. 6. Mary, born July 28, 1697; married

(IIL) Joseph Sanborn, son of Joseph Sanborn (2), was born in Hampton Falls, July 22, 1700. He was in the military service of the province, 1724, under Sergeant Jonathan Prescott, and again under Captain Weare, and rose to the rank of lieutenant. In 1746 he had a squad of men and was engaged in scouting after Indians. He was one of tne original grantees of the town of Chester, New Hampshire. In 1743 he built on the homestead at Hampton Falls, deeded him by his father in 1722, the house now owned by his descendant, Miss Sarah Sanborn. He divided his real estate, as his father had done, before his death, instead of by will. He gave to son Abraham the farm in Brentwood where he was living, July 21, 1761; to son Joseph part of the homestead, July 21, 1761; to son Benjamin a farm where he was living on the road from Hampton to Exeter. Joseph married, January 18, 1722, Lucy, daughter of James Prescott, of Hampton Falls. She died March 9, 1723, and he married second, Susanna, daughter of Benjamin James, of Hampton Falls. She died June 1, 1761, and he married third, Dorothy (Roby), widow of Benjamin Hilliard. Lieutenant Joseph Sanborn died January 26, 1773. Children: 1. Lucy, born January 16, 1725, married John Sanborn. 2. Joseph, mentioned below. 3. Susanna, born April 28, 1728; married Captain William Prescott, of Hampton Falls and Sanbornton; captain in the Revolution: son of Samuel, of Hampton Falls, and grandfather of the antiquarian, Dr. William Prescott. 4. Benjamin, born February 2, 1730. 5. Abraham, born May 25, 1732. 6. John, born 1734, died young. 7. Mary, born May 23, 1730; married Deacon Jeremiah Lane, of Hampton Falls, son of Deacon Joshua Lane. 8. John, born December 8, 1738, died June 26, iy oon ip

(IV) Joseph Sanborn, son of Joseph Sanborn (3), was born in Hampton Falls, May 14, 1726. He lived on the homestead with his father until 1769, when he sold his share and moved first to Brentwood and thence to Wakefield. His children, however, were baptized in Epping as of Brentwood as early as 1759. He died in 1812. His will, dated 1799, proved 1812, mentions all the surviving children. He married; December 6, 1750, Sarah, daughter of Samuel Lane, of Hampton Falls; second, October 17, 1768, Anna, daughter of Deacon Joseph Philbrick, and widow of Elisha Marston, of Brentwood. Children of Joseph and

(VY) John Sanborn, son of Joseph Sanborn (4), was born November 21, 1767, married Hannah, daughter of Daniel Hall, of Wakefield, New Hampshire, born May 24, 1772, died May, 1841; he died January 29, 1854. Children: 1. William, born March 21, 1793, died young. 2. Daniel Hall, mentioned below. 3. Captain Joseph W., born February 22, 1799; married, July, 1843, Sarah Sanborn, no issue ; lived in Wakefield. 4. Sarah L., born April 29, 1801, died unmarried, 1833. 5. Susan, born January 15, 1804, died unmarried, 1840. 6. Anna, born February 19, 1806, died unmarried, April, 1843. 7. John Gilman, born August 4, 1809, married Dianna Young; moved to Manchester, New Hampshire. 8. Ezekiel, born October ri, 1811, died young. 9. Hannah, born February 14, 1814, died young.

(VI) Daniel Hall Sanborn, son of John Sanborn (5), was born in Wakefield, New Hampshire, May 31, 1796. He was a farmer, lived and died in his native town. He married, 1821, at Acton, Maine, Lydia Dorr, born June 16, 1796, died March 1, 1854, daughter of Joseph and Annie (Brackett) Dorr, both born in Acton, Maine. Mr. Sanborn died September 25, 1872. Children: 1. Hon. John W., born at Wakefield, January 16, 1822, one of New Hampshire's most prominent sons - president New Hampshire state senate 1875, trustee New Hainpshire Agricultural College 1871-79; he lived at Sanbornville, New Hampshire, which was named for him, and died there July 9, 1903. He had honorary degree © of Master of Arts from Dartmouth 1874; superintendent Northern Division and temporarily filled the position of general manager of the Boston & Maine railroad with headquarters at Boston. He married, February 22, 1849, Almira J. Chapman, of Wakefield, born May 1, 1828, died June 2, 1894; second, September 10, 1896, Julia A. Thurston, of Freedom, New Hampshire. Children: i. Charles W., born December 19, 1849, died January 17, 1886; he married Addie Smith; he graduated from Dartmouth College, and chose the law as a profession; ii. Ellen J., born October 10, 1857, died 1858; iii. Lillian, born May 23, 1863, married, May 23, 1888, Herbert Rogers. 2. Joshua Hall, born October 6, 1823, merchant and farmer at Kittery, Maine; married, November 22, 1849, Sarah Elizabeth Libby, of Kittery, born May 18, 1829, died April 5, 1886; he died March 21, 1871. Children: i. William M., born August 14, 1850; ii. Daniel Webster, born February 1, 1852; iii. Lydia Annette, born August 21, 1853, married B. Frank Pickering; iv. Sarah Elizabeth, died young; v. Mary Elizabeth, born March 9, 1858; married Herbert Lambert; vi. John Alden, born November 1, 1862; vii. Arthur Lincoln, born December 19, 1863, died 1864 (twin) ; villi. Andrew Libby (twin), born December 19, 1863, died 1864; ix. Edward Everett, born and died 1865; x. Ernest, born and died 1869. 3. Hiram A., born April 29, 1825, died 1828. 4. Hannah B., born March 1, 1827, died 1828. 5. Lieutenant Enoch Evans, born September 6, 1828; married Sarah M. Sanborn, born January 7, 1829, daughter of James and Sally (Witham) Sanborn; he died in Wakefield, April 2, 1858, leaving two sons: Joseph Taylor and Oscar, who lives in Portland, Maine. 6. Daniel Washington, mentioned below. 7. Lydia Sophia, born August 12, 1837; married Frank N. Dixon who died many years ago; resides in South Eliot, Maine.

(VII) Daniel Washington Sanborn, son of Daniel Hall Sanborn (6), was born in Wakefield, New Hampshire, February 27, 1834. He attended the public schools of his native town and Wakefield Academy. Between the short terms of school he worked with his father on the homestead, and besides farming learned how to make shoes. He left home at the age of twenty years to work at the ship carpenter's trade at Portsmouth, New Hampshire; left this position five years later, and May 9, 1859, began his career as a railroad man at the bottom of the ladder, doing station work on the old Portland, Saco & Portsmouth railroad, now part of the Boston & Maine system. Between August, 1862, and April 4, 1864, he was brakeman in the passenger service, and from the latter date to November 15, 1879, as the Somerville Journal puts it, "His genial face became well known to travelers on the road, as he gathered up tickets in his capacity of passenger train conductor." As a conductor his first regular run was between Portsmouth and Great Falls, now Somersworth, and his train was well known by the other railroad men of the day as the "tin kettle" train, because one of its greatest uses was in carrying the workmen to and from the Kittery navy yard. This was during the civil war, and at that time so many men were employed at the navy yard that the boarding houses of Kittery and Portsmouth could not accommodate all of them and this train was chartered to carry the men to and from their work. Mr. Sanborn's next train was between Portland and Portsmouth, and he was on that train until 1871, when the Eastern railroad leased the old Portland, Saco & Portsmouth line and his run was then extended to Boston. In 1873, when the Eastern railroad acquired the control of the Maine Central system, his run was extended the other way through to Bangor, and for about five years he had the through trips from Boston to Bangor. During this period there was strong competition between the Eastern railroad and its rival, the Boston & Maine railroad, and in 1877 a compromise was made whereby the through trains to: Bangor were discontinued on the Eastern. During the following two years Mr. Sanborn's run was between Boston and Portland. From November 15, 1879, to December 10, 1884, he was master of transportation of the Eastern railroad, since merged with the Boston & Maine system. He was promoted December 10, 1884, to superintendent of the Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine, a position for which his native ability, thorough knowledge of the territory and his varied experience in the business admirably fitted him. Another promotion due to his constant zeal, his proved ability and successful record, came July 1, 1890, when he was appointed superintendent of the larger Southern Division, and again February 16 of the following year was promoted to the position of general superintendent of the Boston & Maine railroad system. After nearly fifteen years in this office he resigned September 1, 1906, and retired. He was succeeded by the present general superintendent, Charles E. Lee. Mr. Sanborn had been in the railroad business for nearly fifty years. He served under the following presidents: Ichabod Goodwin, George M. Brown, Thornton K. Lothrop, John Woolbridge, General Samuel C. Lawrence, A. P. Rockwell, E. B. Phillips, George E. B. Jackson, Arthur Sewall, George C. Lord, Frank Jones, A. A. McLeod and Lucius Tuttle. In the same period he worked under the following general managers: Charles F. Hatch, Payson Tucker, James T. Furber, John W. Sanborn, T. A. MacKinnon and Frank Barr, the latter being the only one of the list now living. Of the superintendents of the road under whom he worked, John Russell, Francis Chase, Jeremiah Prescott and George Batchelder, all are now deceased. The ripe experience he brought to his executive positions and his sunny nature and _ easy method of controlling men, made him uniformly successful and popular with superiors and subordinates alike. The general order of President Lucius Tuttle announced Mr. Sanborn's retirement as follows: 'Mr. Daniel W. Sanborn, general superintendent, who has for nearly hali a century faithfully discharged every duty committed to his care and who has, during that period, risen by promotion through the different grades of employment to his present position, is now, at his own request, retired from active service." The Sanborn Genealogy says of him: "A man of great energy and undaunted ability, who has devoted his life to railroading, and stands today as one of the best examples of the practical railroad officials of America."

He attends the Universalist church of Somerville. In politics he is a Republican, influential in the councils of his party, though never holding public office. He is a member of Erminie Lodge, Daughters of Rebekah; Sons and Daughters of New Hampshire; Candia Club of Candia, New Hampshire; a New Hampshire lodge of Odd Fellows; and Strawberry Bank Encampment; Soley Lodge of Free Masons, Somerville; Signet Chapter, Cambridge, Order of the Eastern Star; Royal Arch Chapter ; Orient Council, Royal and Select Masters; De Molay Commandery, Knights Templar; the Webcowit Club of Somerville. He is president of the Somerville Children's Home Association. He owns a _ handsome home at 382 Broadway, Somerville.

Mr. Sanborn married, September 28, 1856, Lucy M. Lydston, of Eliot, Maine, born July 9, 1836, daughter of John and Minerva (Keene) Lydston, the former born in Eliot, Maine, February 22, 1808, died in Portland, and Lucy M. Sanborn: 1., Carrie Etta, born January 7, 1860; married, May 24, 1882, James M. French, of Northampton, Massachusetts; ticket agent at North Station, Boston; they reside at 60 Adams street, Somerville. Children: i. Edward Sanborn, born December 11, 1883, graduate of Latin high school, Somerville, 1902, and Dartmouth College, with honors, in 1906; ii. Lucy Emeline, born June 10, 1887, graduate of Latin high school, 1906, now a student in Bradford Academy ; il1. Helen Clark, born November 2, 1889, student in Somerville Latin high school, class of 1908; iv. Carrie Brackett, born December 19, 1891, died May 12, 1903; v. Marjorie, born January 6, 1897. 2. Fred Everett, born November 15, 1865, mentioned below. Mr. Sanborn's first wife, Lucy M. (Lydston) Sanborn, died January 10, 1900. He married (second), May 19, 1904, at Lake Mohonk, New York, Ellen Newell Rhodes, born in Montville, Maine, daughter of Samuel J. and Nancy Dearborn (French) Newell. She is an untiring worker in church, educational, charitable and other meritorious causes - Erminie Aid Society ; Children's Home Association; Home for the Aged; Hospital Aid Association; Visiting Nurses' Association; Rescue League; Daughters of the Covenant; Industrial and Educational Union; First Needlework Guild; Helping Hand Society; Y. M. C. A. Auxiliary; Signet Chapter, No. 22, O. E. S.; Erminie Lodge, Daughters of Rebekah ; Martha Washington Chapter, D. A. R.; Woman's Club; Old Powder House Club; Sons and Daughters of New Hampshire ;. Candia Club of New Hampshire; Spanish Female College of Madrid. She is an attendant at the Park Street Church, Boston. (VIII) Fred Everett Sanborn, son of Daniel Washington Sanborn (7), was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, November 15, 1865. Like his father, he began at the foot of the ladder in the railroad business after completing his education. He rose to the position of conductor and finally to his present position, superintendent of the Portland Division of the Maine Central railroad, with headquarters in Portland, Maine, where he makes his home. He married, November 22, 1887, Cora A. Hopkins, of Brewer, Maine, born April 5, 1868, daughter of Albion A. and Sarah H. (Stubbs) Hopkins, the former born at Brewer, Maine, December 14, 1835, died there September 10, 1888, and the latter born at Brewer, Maine, 1849, died there November 27, 1876. Children of Fred E. and Cora A. Sanborn: 1. Mildred Hopkins, born April 7,

PRATT the earliest English family records, before the year 1200, and indicates the family came with the Normans to England. John Pratt (or de Pratellis, or de Pratis, as then generally spelled), held the manor of Patrickborne (Merton Bridge and

Pelham Hundred) in 1200. Four brothers - John, William, Engebraw and Peter de Pratellis - figured prominently in the reigns of Richard I and John, all living in 1201. John was a favorite minister. In trig1 William and Peter both made a gallant record in the Crusade. John Pratt was in parliament from Beverly, 1298 and 1305. Before the year 1300 the family was well known and widely scattered through England, and the shortened form of the name Pratt was the common spelling. The other forms - Pratte, Pradt, Praed, Prate, Praer, and Prayers- - are also found. The surname means meadow, and was a place-name before it became a surname.

(1) John Pratt, of Malden, county Essex, England, is given as the progenitor of this family by '""Wyman's Charlestown," an excellent authority. If this is correct we probably have the will of John's father, dated February I, 1618-19, proved August I1, I619, at Chelmsford, county Essex, of which an abstract follows: "John Pratt of Malden, in the parish of All Saints, to Mr. Hunsden his minister 20 pounds; minister of St. Mary's ten pounds; to the poor of the parishes of All Saints, St.. Mary's,- St. Peter's: each: 'ten pounds; son-in-law, Mr. Thomas Celhirst ; Mr. Samuel Temple; brother, Joseph Pratt; to son Elisha land in Steple, county of Essex, and his house in Malden, when twenty one and 150 pounds; to son Jeremy ten pounds when twenty one; son Samuel; son Elisha to be made Master of Arts; daughter Elizabeth now twenty; daughter Marah not twenty; wife Mary; wife's son Mr. Samuel Temple; wife's daughter Elizabeth Celhirst."'

(11) Richard Pratt, youngest of nine children of John Pratt (1), according to Savage and Wyman, born in Malden, England, and baptized there June 29, 1615, settled in Malden, Massachusetts, and died there in 1691. His will, dated May 8, proved October 6, devised to wife and children and grandson James Hovey. The inventory included house valued at twenty pounds and four acres of land. Children of Richard and Mary Pratt: 1. Mary, born September, 1643, married Thomas Skinner. 2. Thomas, born March or May 5, 1646; died 1718; resided in Malden. 3. Mercy, born June 15, 1650. 4. John, mentioned below. 5. Elizabeth, married Gershom Hawkes. 6. Martha, married John Pratt, son of Thomas, 1686. 7. Hannah, married Joseph Hovey.

iner. He married Mary , who died July 17, 1710, aged fifty-five years, according to town records; gravestone gives May 17, 1710, in fifty-sixth year. He was called John Sr., and died June 3, 1708, aged fifty-three years four months, June 3, 1708, at Malden, (gravestone). John Pratt, of Malden, was at the Falls fight in King Philip's war, May 19, 1676, at Hadley, under Captain William Turner, and his son Thomas had a grant of Narragansett land in Bernardston, Massachusetts, many years later, on account of the father's service. His widow and son Thomas were administrators appointed June 22, 1708. The inventory, dated June 28, 1708, amounted to 227 pounds, and the estate was divided February 19, 1711-12, same year. Children: 1. John, died October, 1704, age twenty-one (gravestone at Malden). 2. Thomas, probably of Rumney Marsh; had slave Ginne, baptized at Malden as of Chelsea, 1750. 3. Ebenezer, boatman, removed to Boston. 4. Joseph. 5. William. 6. Caleb. 7. Joshua. 8. Mary, born March 6, 1696. 9. Hannah. Io. Abigail. (Five were minors in 1708).

(III) Thomas Pratt, son of Richard Pratt (2), born March or May 5, 1646, settled at Malden, and died there 1718. Children of Thomas and Alice Pratt: 1. Richard. 2. John, settled in Attleborough, Massachusetts. 3. Mary, married Ephraim Grover, of Norton, Massachusetts. 4. Sarah, married Perkins. 5. Thomas, mentioned below. 6. Hannah, married Richard Skinner.

(IV) Thomas Pratt, son of Thomas Pratt (3), born in Malden, 1700; married there, June 24, 1725, Lydia Lunde (by Rev. J. Emerson). He died at Malden, August 20, 1776, . aged seventy-six years. Children, born in Malden: 1. Lydia, October 29, 1726. 2. Thomas, April 17, 1729; died April 2, 1815, aged eighty-six years; resided in Malden. 3. Amos, mentioned below. 4. Richard, March 16, 1735-6.

(V) Amos Pratt, son of Thomas Pratt (4), born in Malden, April 11, 1734; married (intentions at Malden), March 29, 1761, Sarah, daughter of John and Sarah Upham of Lynn. They settled in what is now Saugus, Massachusetts. He was a soldier in the Revolution, a private in the first Lynn company responding to the Lexington alarm, April 19, 1775, and marching to Concord. Children (town records) : 1. Sarah, born at Malden, May 19, 1762. 2. Amos Jr., August Io, 1763, at Lynn. 3. David, mentioned below. 4. Jonathan, July 23, 1770; removed to Reading; had place late- ly owned by Jonathan Nichols, Sr., and occupied late by Mrs. Winch; married Mercy, daughter of Joseph and Sarah Burditt; children, born at Reading: i. David, married, 1821, Hannah Patch, of Greenfield, New Hampshire; ii. Jonathan, of Reading. 5. Phebe, born at Lynn, May 20, 1773.

(V1) David Pratt, son of Amos Pratt (5), was born in Lynn, (Saugus) June 20, 1766. He came to Reading with his brother Jonathan, and settled there. He learned the trade of shoemaking and became a prosperous shoe manufacturer in Reading.

(VII) Daniel Pratt, son of David Pratt (6), was born in Saugus, Massachusetts, February 24, 1797. He was educated in the common schools, and succeeded his father in the shoe manufacturing business. After a time he engaged in the manufacture and sale of clocks in Reading, in partnership with Jonathan Frost, in 1832. After three years Mr. Frost withdrew, and Mr. Pratt continued the business on his own account. In 1846 Mr. Pratt removed the clock business to Boston, locating first at 49 Union street, where he continued in business with much success until his death in 1871. He admitted his son to partnership, and after his death the latter continued the business under the present name of Daniel Pratt's Son. Mr. Pratt was a man of sterling integrity, thoroughly honest, and of firm purpose and much force of character. He held the confidence of his townsmen in a marked degree. From early life he took a lively interest in public affairs, and was a man of much public spirit. He held many offices of trust and honor in the town of Reading; was selectman; was for twenty-one years town clerk (1831-52); was representative to the general court in 1845 and 1847; and fire warden several years. He was president of what was probably the first banking institution of Reading. He was chief marshal of the bi-centennial celebration of the foundation of the town in 1844. He died in Reading, March 17, 1871, at the age of seventy-four years, leaving an honorable record of usefulness as a citizen and of success in business. He married, March 30, 1818, Delia Burt, who was born May 19, 1797, in Wilmington, Massachusetts. Children: Daniel F., mentioned below; and Delia, married Benjamin Boyce.

(VIII) Daniel F. Pratt, son of Daniel Pratt (7), was born September, 1823. He had a common school education in his native town, and when quite young entered the employ of his father in the clock business. first in Reading, and later in Boston, where he continued with increasing success during his active life. For a few years after his father's death the business was continued at the old location by Daniel F. Pratt, and his brotherin-law, under the name of Daniel Pratt's Sons. In November, 1880, this firm was dissolved and Mr. Pratt continued alone, locating his store at 339 Washington street, Boston, and making the name simply Daniel Pratt's Son. These quarters soon proved inadequate for the needs of the increasing business and accordingly the business was moved to Hawley street, and later (January, 1895), to its present location, 53 Franklin street. Mr. Pratt was always interested in public affairs, but had rarely held office. He was a Republican in politics. In 1878 and 1889 he made extended trips abroad, but preferred a quiet, domestic life. He married Angeline B. Burt, born July 18, 1828, in Tewksbury, daughter of Brown and Abbie A. (French) Burt. Children: 1. Frank W. B. Pratt, mentioned below. 2. Henrietta H., born May 30, 1858; married Warren H. Manning, June 2, 1885; one child, Warren Harold. 3. Wilbur, born March 23, 1862. 4. Chester, born June 17, 1869; married March 18, 1903, to Bertha L. Ramsdell, of West Newton; one child, Daniel C., born February 26, 1906.

(IX) Frank W. B. Pratt, son of Daniel F. Pratt (8), was born in Reading, October 1, 1851. He received his education in the public schools in Boston. He was first employed as a bookkeeper by A. C. Masury & Company, Boston, oil dealers, but subsequently entered the employ of his father in the clock business of Daniel Pratt's Son. In 1888 he became a partner in his father's business, and since his father retired he has conducted the business, which is one of the largest establishments in this line of business in New England. He is a member of the Congregational church of Reading. In politics he is a Republican, and has held minor offices; is a member of the Congregational Club of Boston, and of the Congregational church of Reading. His home is at No. 21 Sanborn street, Reading. He married, December 25, 1872, Sarah A., daughter of Franklin Weston, of Reading. Children: 1. Marian T., born May 20, 1877; graduate of Wellesley College, class of 1899. 2. Winthrop E., born October 17, 1879; educated in Reading high school; is in business with his father; married, June 24, 1904, Harriet M. Hyde, of Reading; one child, Winthrop E., Jr., born July 24, 1906.

Most if not all of the families of this surname are of English blood, descended from ancestors who bore the personal name of Martin at a time when surnames were being adopted. We find no less than thirty-nine coats-of-arms belonging to Martin families and fifty to Martyn families in the United Kingdom. Some of the armiferous families have seats in Lockynge, county Berks; Bowton, county Cambridge; Bodmin, covnty Cornwall; Athelhampston, county Dorset; and Long Melford, county Suffolk; Plymouth, Devonshire. An ancient armorial of this family similar to many of the family is: Argent a chevron between three mascles sable with a bordure engrailed gules. Crest: A cockatrice's head between two wings. Motto: Initium sapientiae est timor Domini.

More than a dozen of this name came to New England before 1650. Christopher Martin, who came in the "Mayflower," left no descendants; the whole family was swept away by disease in the first infection. Richard Martin, an early settler at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. was one of the founders of the church there, in 1671; deputy to the general court, 1672-79; speaker of the house; councilor, 1680. He married, December 1, 1653, Sarah, daughter of John Tuttle, of Boston; second, the widow of John Denison, daughter of Samuel Symonds; third, Elizabeth, widow of Tobias Lear, daughter of Henry Sherbuerne; fourth, Mary, daughter of Benning Wentworth. His wife died January 2, 1693. Children by first wife: 1. Mary. 2. Sarah. 3. Richard, graduate of Harvard, 1680; died 16go0; preached at Wells, Maine. 4. Elizabeth. 5. Hannah. 6. Michael. 7. John; soldier in King Philip's war. 8. Elias.

(1) George Martin, doubtless brother of Richard Martin, mentioned above, and _ perhaps of other pioneers of the name, came from England in the employ of Samuel Winsley about 1639. He was a commoner when he bought John Cole's rights in 1643, in Salisbury, Massachusetts; was an original commoner and lot-layer of Amesbury, 1654-5; took the oath of fidelity 1646, and again 1677. His petition to the general court, 1648, was referred to the Hampton court. He was a blacksmith by trade. He lived west of the Powow river as early as 1649, and received many grants in what is now Amesbury, from 1654 to 1664. His will was dated January 19, 1683, and proved November 23, 1686. His first wife Hannah died 1646; he married second, August 11, 1646, Susanna, daughter of

Martin

Richard North. His wife was charged with witchcraft during the dreadful delusion of the times; arrested April 30, 1692, tried at Salem,. June 29, and executed July 19, 1692. The most damaging evidence against her was that she went afoot from Amesbury to Newbury in "a dirty season" without getting her clothing wet. She was a short, active woman, plump and well developed, of remarkable neatness, "one who scorned to be drabbled." She had been accused of witchcraft before April 1, 1669, when her husband sued William Sargent for slander in calling her a witch. The jury found for the defendant, but the court did not concur. Miartin then gave bonds for his wife's ae eee on a charge of witchcraft. Children: Hannah, born February I, 1643-4; eed December 4, 1661, Ezekiel Worthen. 2. Richard, mentioned below. 3. George, born October 21, 1648, died young. 4. John, born January 26, 1650-1; married Mary Weld. 5. Esther, born April 7, 1653; married March 15, 1669-70, John Jameson.

6. Jane, born November 2, 1656; married Samuel Hadley. 7. Abigail, born September 10, 1659; married James Hadlock. 8. William, born December 11, 1662. 9. Samuel,

(II) Richard Martin, son of George Martin (1), born 1647, at Salisbury ; married, after 1669, Mary Hoyt, widow of Christopher Bartlett. He received "children's land" 1659; took the oath of allegiance and fidelity December, 1677; belonged to train band 1680. He died March 11, 1728-9, and his inventory is dated June 13, 1729. Children, born in Amesbury: 1. John, born February 4, 1674-5. 2. George, "mentioned below. 3. Anne, married December 25, 1706, Thomas Carter. 4. Dorothy, married October 27, 1707, Henry Blaisdell; second, March 7, 1709-10, Thomas Ayer. 5. Elizabeth, married April 7, 1708, Samuel Huntington. Perhaps others.

one of the first settlers of Weare, New Hampshire. He was ensign, liewtenant and captain in the French and Indian war, and one of the principal men of that town. He married Mercy, daughter of Colonel John Goffe, of Bedford, New Hampshire. Jonathan, his son probably, remained in Weare, the rest of the family went to Maine. Children: 1. Nathaniel, soldier in the Revolution from Norridgewock, Maine. 2. Jonathan, removed from Goffstown, New Hampshire, to Weare, and settled; married Sarah Quimby; children: Reuben, Jacob, Samuel, Dr. William, Jonathan, Daniel, Patience, married Nathan Worthley; Sarah married Asa Dustin, Margaret, Lydia, married Abijah Putnam. Children, born at Weare: 3. Ichabod, March 5, 1759. 4. Robert, October 7, 1760. 5. Moses, mentioned below.

(V) Moses Martin, son of Captain Nathaniel Martin (4), born in Weare, New Hampshire, August 4, 1763; died at Pittsfield, Maine, May 12, 1850. He removed from Weare, near Goffstown, New Hampshire, to Norridgewock, Maine, with others of the family. His lot belonged later to Nathan Wood. He was a soldier in the Revolution from Norridgewock, entered service June 7, 1779, and was discharged September 25, 1779, service two months and twenty-seven days, in Captain Timothy Heald's company, Colonel Samuel McCobb's regiment, in the Penobscot expedition of 1779. He left Norridgewock 1794, and removed to Sebasticook, being the first settler of Pittsfield, Maine, in 1794. He cleared his farm, which has been owned by his family to the present time. William Perry Martin, the present owner, is a lineal descendant. Fle had two hundred acres. He was a famous hunter as well as farmer, and was on the best of terms with his Indian rivals in the hunt. He used to take his furs to Waterville. Maine, to sell them. He was for many years one of the leading citizens of the town. He was a diligent student of the Bible, read it through many times, and was an acknowledged authority on all topics appertaining to the Scripture. He married Anna Parker, born April 27, 1769, died May 7, 1845. Children: 1. Moses Jr., born April 26, 1789; died September 10, 1854. 2. Anna, born March 18, 1790; died September 4, 1859; married Nathan Hale; six children. 3. Sally, born June 22, 1792; died May 8, 1860; married Joshua Gould; twelve children. 4. Aaron, mentioned below. 5. Jesse, born January 28, 1797; died June 16, 1870; married Sarah Lh. David, born April 11, 1799; died October 15, 1874; married, July 4, 1829, Sarah Park, of

Pittsheld: children: i. Cyrene, born October 11, 1831, died September 7, 1899; ii. Dr. George W., born May 7, 1833, died September 7, 1899, married first, September 14, 1859, Maria Farnum, and had George W., Jr., born September 25, 1860, and Robert J., born january 29, 1865, died June 16, 1g01; married second, October 29, 1890, Persis Bodwell; iti. Andrew J., born July 30, 1835, married September 14, 1861, Amanda Farnum; iv. Alsadia R., born September 14, 1839, died October 9, 1870, married September 29, 1869, George Hanson, and had daughter, born October 1, 1870; v. Achsa M., born October 8, 1845, married May 28, 1872, John F. Mills, and had daughter, born August 19, 1875; vi. William Perry, born November 20, 1848, married January 15, 1888, Sophia Sibley. 7. Betsey, born July 18, 1801; died January 1Io, 1890. 8. Cyrene, born September 5, 1803; married George McCausland; two children. g. Lucene, born July 3, 1806; died May 3, 1807. to. Maria, born March 23, 1809; died September 28, 1839. 11. Mercy, born March 26, 1813; died October 2, 1887; married twice. (VI) Aaron Martin, son of Moses Martin (5), born July 31, 1794, at Pittsfield, Maine, died September 14, 1854. He was educated in his native town and remained with his father on the farm until his marriage. He then bought a farm in the south part of Detroit, Maine, where he lived the rest of his life, and became a prosperous man. Besides farming he engaged in lumbering extensively. He was a man of great strength, fond of athletics, especially wrestling. He was killed at Newport, Maine, by the fall of a derrick, while blasting rocks for the building of the railroad to Newport. He was a devoted Methodist in religion. In politics he was a Democrat, with a keen interest in the affairs of town, state and country. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. He married Mary Mason of Munson, Maine. Children: 1. Bradstreet, married Elizabeth Harding of Detroit, Maine; children: 1. Ada; li. Elizabeth; iii. Aaron, married Hannah Knowlton. 2. Mary, died unmarried. 3. Susan, married Nathan Harding. 4. Ezra Abbott, mentioned below. 5. George, died unmarried. 6. Sarah, married David Sutherland. 7. Elizabeth, married Nathan Hale. - (VII) Ezra Abbott Martin, son of Aaron Martin (6), born at Detroit, Maine, January 28, 1819, died at Somerville, Massachusetts, May 1, 1897. He received his education in the public schools, and assisted his father on the farm until 1848, when he bought a farm of a hundred acres in the south part of

Detroit. About fifteen years later he sold the farm and worked for five years in the saw mill of his brother, Bradstreet Martin. He then bought another farm in the west part of the town. Three years later the buildings were destroyed by fire and he sold the farm and purchased a house in Detroit, where he retired from active business. Some years later he resided with his son George E. Martin of Somerville, Massachusetts, and died there. Mr. Martin was a man of strong and decided character and high principles, and active in the temperance movement. He was a member of the Christian church at Detroit, and devoted to his religion." In politics he was a Democrat, and was elected to various positions of trust and responsibility.