Lawrence City (part 5 of 6)

The first officers of the incorporated association were : - President, William S. Knox ; vice president, William J. Bradley ; treasurer, J. P. Kane ; secretary, John C. Sanborn, Jr. ; executive committee, Newton P. Frye, Harry R. Dow and John J. Donovan. Today it has a membership of 70, including men reputedly well versed in every branch of law. The present officers comprise : - -President, W' alter Coulson ; vice president, John P. S. Mahoney ; treasurer, Matthew A. Cregg, secretary, Daniel A. Arundel.

Lawrence has always had big men in the law profession. Among the most prominent of the earlier years, and who are still remembered for their accomplishments, were John K. Tarbox who had served as mayor, member of Congress and insurance commissioner ; Elbridge T. Burley who had a state-wide reputation as a lawyer, and especially in the later years of his career as an authority on the law of wills ; William S. Knox, a notable criminal lawyer, who for eight years represented this district in Congress ; and then, there was Daniel Saunders who passed away April 19, 1917, at the ripe old age of 96 )'ears. Mr. Saunders at the time of his death was the oldest living alumnus of Harvard Law School. He was a man of wonderful vitality, and his keen mind stayed with him to the last. He was still in harness up to the time of the illness which resulted in his death.

Social And Fraternal Organizations

Probably no city in the country, of its size, has more social, fraternal and such organizations than Lawrence. There are altogether about 300 of these societies or clubs which are a prominent factor in the life of the city. Many of them hold valuable realty and are established in their own buildings.

The first fraternal organization here was United Brothers Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, which was instituted May 28, 1847, '^^ the building on the south-east corner of Hampshire and Common streets. It is the parent lodge of Odd Fellows in Lawrence. The members held meetings in that hall for several years, after which they removed to larger quarters on the north side of Essex street about midway between Lawrence and Pemberton streets. Here the lodge was located until the completion of the Odd Fellows building in 1874. The organization has had a steady, healthy growth. Today it is one of the most firmly established of the several branches of the order in the city.

Another early fraternal organization was Grecian Lodge of Masons. It was chartered December 14, 1825, to be held in Methuen. It continued there until 1838, when the charter was surrendered to the grand lodge. After the incorporation of the Town of Lawrence, several of the old members petitioned the grand lodge for a restoration of the charter, which petition was granted December 2/, 1847. Its first meetings were held in a hall at the corner of Essex and Amesbury streets. In 1872 it moved, with all the other IMasonic bodies, to the Saunders block, its present location.

Lawrence Encampment, I. O. O. F., was also here before the incorporation of the city. It was instituted March 15, 1853, ^^^^ existed until July i, 1857, when, for the lack of support, it surrendered its charter. The encampment was re-instituted October 15, 1874. Its growth at first was slow, but it is now a flourishing branch of the order.

Today there are 96 secret or strictly fraternal organizations, representing 37 distinct orders, in Lawrence. There are nearly 200 social and various other kinds of organizations which are active in the social, moral, intellectual and physical welfare of the community. It might be stated that, besides these, there are 31 labor unions. Every nationality and creed have their representative societies, although the greater number of the organizations have no destinction as to race or sect, and all are working for the public weal.

Old Landmarks And Designations

There are, in Lawrence today, few landmarks of the olden time, - before the construction of the daiii. Nearly all of them have been lost in the expansive development in which there has been little sentiment favoring the retention of reminders of the early days, that stood in the way of progress.

Norcross pond which received the drainage from the south side of Tower Hill, and which was used as a lumber dock into which logs were floated from the river to be cut into boards in the saw mill close by, is gone, though a remi-iant of the saw mill remains and is now part of the Gutterson & GouUl property next to the Lawrence Boiler Works. Potter's pond away up on the slope of the hill near its top, where a big lump of ice probably got stranded, left behind by the melting glacier, has been used as a dump by the city's health department, and it has now entirely disappeared. Shanty pond on the opposite side of the river is preserved in the title of the main sewer draining the district. Gale's Hill was prominent in the west part of the city until it was carted into the swamps of Ward Five. General Gale ha<l owned most of the hill, and had built an interesting octagonal concrete house on its top. Out of this hill came the sand for the first filter bed. One of the misfortunes of growing into a good sized city, it may be said, is the loss of the old designations of localities. Stevens \ illage passed long ago ; it is now the Arlington district. Stevens pond arounrl which the village grew up, is practically gone, i'lled up and covered with buildings of the big Arlington Mills corporation. We never hear of the Paper Mill school house on the Atkinson road ; it is now the Prospect street school. Nobody remembers that Adolphus Durant once made pa])er in a little old mV\ on the Soicket River, just east of East Haverhill street. The "Patch" (South Lawrence west of the B. & M. tracks) has gone; the "Plains" (Ward Three) likewise; West Parish road became Beacon street, and Barnard road is now known as Mt. Vernon street.

The old log dam upon the lower Spicket was carried away in the summer of 1878. It was an ancient affair, one of the few old landmarks. The current above the dam was sluggish, the course crooked. The breaking of this dam drained the usually deep river at this point, and revealed the foundations of a still older dam above it, of which there seems to be no account preserved either in records or traditions. It is said, however, that long ago there was a furnace at that point for smeltine iron.

Old Landmarks And Designations 1 85

The "Old Red Bridge" still holds its own, though it is not the red wooden bridge it used to be. The Lowell road, on the southside, used to run to Lowell, but Andover street as they call it now does not run to Andover. Lowell street does not run to Lowell, as strangers might think. It was not named for our rival city upstream, but for one of the early directors of the Essex Company. The "White Pups Bridge" is still with us, also "Bull Dog Field". Salem Turnpike has become Winthrop Avenue. Rumford street, named for Count Rumford, is now called W'inter street. Turnpike street (originally Londonderry turnpike) was on September 2, 1868, given the name of Broadway.

There are numerous other old designations of localities which time and progress have changed. A number of old buildings, the last landmarks of the early days, are remembered by the older residents, but these have mostly disappeared.

The most notable landmark in Lawrence todav is the ancient dwelling at the corner of Elm and East Haverhill streets. A portion of the old house had stood near the mouth of the Spicket River. It was removed to the present site when highways were laid out in the region, and it now stands, the only monument of the early pioneer days of which Lawrence can boast. The building has been much changed by successive repairs and alterations, but the foundations of the original portion are made as if to last forever. The chimney is of immense pVoportions, measuring 20 feet by 13 at the base. It was built, it is said, in 1738, although bricks have been, taken from the huge chimney marked 1688. They are laid in mortar, made bv admixture of clay and chopped straw. The house was at first the dwelling of the Bodwell family, among the first of the pioneers in this section. In recent years it was occupied by the late William B. Gallison and is, perhaps, better known to the present generation as the Gallison house.

There stands in the front yard of this house a noble elm tree which has braved the storms of over 100 years and still appears to be vigorous. It is said that Mrs. Bod well employed a man to bring the tree, then a sapling, from the woods, and plant it in front of her door. The man was a soldier of the French War, and had just returned from the capture of Quebec. In return for his services Mrs. Bodwell rewarded him with a quart of molasses.

What is known as the old Bailey house, now occupied by Mrs. Nellie E. Abbott, on the northeast corner of Andover and Parker streets, is one of the few landmarks of the pioneer days.

The old brick house of Daniel Saunders, founder of Lawrence, on the southwest corner of South Broadway and Andover street still stands, the last vestige of the Cross-roads settlement beyond the south end of Andover Bridge.

At the southeast corner of Ames street and Hudson avenue is what remains of the old x\mes farm house, though removed from its original location.

The old ferry house at Bodwell's Falls is still with us, but somewhat altered. It is located on the west side of Doyle street south of Water street.

Den Rock Cemetery, or Den Rock Park as it is known today, might be included among the notable of the few old landmarks that lemain. The region around Den Rock was alive with weird stories in the old days, and men of today remember the superstition that still clung to the huge rock in their boyhood days. The Devil is said to have visited the place. With a frightful shriek waking the echoes, he was seen in a flash of lightning one stormy, dark night, sliding down a rent in the side of the rock. The place of his descent afterward became known as the Devil's Slide, and more than one boy has spoiled the seat of his pants trying to emulate the pastime of his satanic majesty, which gave this fissure in the rock its name.

There is a tale of a cave under the rock, where moonshiners had a still ; where thieves stored their ill-gotten gains, and where counterfeiters plied their illegal trade. Boys have searched for this cave and men have wondered about it, but it is not known that any mortal eye has seen it.

The rock is one of the most picturesque features of this locality and the city is fortimate in owning it. The Park Commissioners took possession of it some years ago, and eventually, if it is not turned into a quarry, it may become a popular adjunct of the city's park system. Though the land around it was originally purchased for a cemetery, and some of it was laid out into avenues, and two or three lots sold to clinch the purpose, it never was used as a cemetery. So far as known, the only thing buried there was a dog. In the old days the Peters family had a brick yard at Den Rock, and to this day there have been burnt and distorted bricks found in the ground about the rock. These were not the work of the Evil One who amused himself by sliding down the rock in flashes of lightning on dismal nights, but were the result of the carelessness of a young Peters lad who fed the fires too freely.

Historical Remnants

In this chapter are related what might be regarded as sideHghts of history, - incidents, dramatic and amusing, odd and whimsical, all of which may be found interesting. For want of a better caption we call it, "Historical Remnants".

A notable event in the pioneer days was the visit of General Lafayette who on Jvme 20, 1825. passed through this section on his way from Boston to Concord, N. H. The general left Boston at 9 o'clock in the morning, with his suite, riding in an open barouche, drawn by four white horses. The route taken was through Charlestown, Medford, Reading, Andover, through the present Lawrence, and Methuen. He was met at the Andover line by a company of cavalry and escorted to Seminary Hill where the venerable Mr. Kneeland welcomed the honored guest. Several military companies here joined the cavalry and escorted him to Taylor's Hotel where he was welcomed by the faculty of the Institution. About 2 p. m. the distinguished party passed over Andover Bridge, now Broadway Bridge, in Lawrence, escorted by the Andover cavalry. At Methuen there was a welcome by the local militia and by one of the general's old light infantry soldiers, several of whom met him upon the route. At 3 p. m., at the state line, the cavalry delivered their guest to the staff of Governor Morrill of New Hampshire, the Granite State party arriving safely in Concord with their distinguished guest early the same evening. The only halt in Lawrence was to water the fine blooded horses at the Shawsheen corner well, and a short rest upon the old bridge where the picturesque rapids and pleasant scene attracted the attention of the noble Frenchman. All along the route the people from the country about gathered to give welcome to Lafayette.

The Shawsheen Pigeon

The wild pigeon does not come directly into local life, but in the olden days, before Lawrence of today was dreamed of, the light lands of Shawsheen fields were extensive rye fields, and pigeons came in great flocks from far and near. The snaring and netting of this game became an occupation for old-time farmers of the region. The market for these birds was at Boston and Salem, and the Shawsheen pigeon was considered a dainty dish in those days.

J Corporation Jvith A Soul

Some people say that corporations have no souls, but this could have hardly applied to the oldest corporation in this locality, the "Proprietors of Andover liridge". At one time the directors voted to allow all going from Andover to Methuen to church on Sunday to pass free of toll. The toll man was surprised at the religious interest attracting the Andover people to the north bank, but on inquiry could learn of no special awakening. Feeling that their liberality had been abused, they then voted to allow only those known to the toll man as church goers to pass free. This involved that of^cial in dispute as to religious habits of travelers, and it was finally voted to charge saints and sinners alike, both Sundays and week days. The record shows, however, that the directors voted for several years to allow Adolphus Durant, Esq., with his family to go from Methuen to Andover to church free of toll. They also gave the reverend Dr. George Packard, the first rector of (jrace church, free use of the bridge in his journeys to and from the parish.

P)efore lager beer became a New England beverage, "Flip" was an old-time drink, compounded of new rum and lemons (now civilized into punch). It was a favorite of the pioneers. Poor's Tavern and the Essex House, at Shawsheen corner, retailed great quantities of this beverage, for there gathered the merry-makers from a wide circle of the country. A glass of flip sold for fourpence-ha' penny, a mug of ample size for ninepence and a full bowl of the fluid cost a shilling. New rum, the liquid base of the mixture, cost only zy cents per gallon at the Newburyport distillery. There was substantial proof in the compounding and sale of this liquor by the glass, mug or bowl. On festive occasions, like military musters, trainings, election gatherings and horse races, flip was sometimes mixed in open rum barrels saw'ed in half ; boys with pestles mashed the lemons, earning six to 12 cents per day.

Pioneer Race Track

The old Turnpike, from the rise at Shattuck street, near the Falls bridge, southward to Phillips Hill, was four rods wide without sidewalks ; this gave room for four parallel tracks or roadways and chance for races by nags of every gait, four abreast, with every kind of motmt. On festival or public days the scene was an animating one.

Historical Remnants 189

There were no elaborate rules and all sorts of horses and farm jockeys took part. There was little betting of money but a great deal of bragging, disputing and drinking. Wrestling was the old-time precursor of football, and this was also a popular pastime. Saturday afternoon seems to have been the time when nearly all farmers and workers took a half day off and found Shawsheen corner a place for games and great jollity. If moderns believe that old-time intoxicants were harmless or beneficial let them interview the oldest inhabitant whose memory goes back to the days when there were no laws regulating the sale of liquor and no disgrace attending the general use of it, and the illusion will be dispelled.

Junketing In The Old Days

Junketing is not a modern custom. The proprietors of the old Andover Bridge found solace at the Shawsheen corner taverns where their meetings were held. In the season of 1802, Benjamin Ames, the innkeeper at the old Essex House, charged 21 suppers, 19 pints of gin, 4^ mugs of toddy and 4 "beals of punch", with a liberal supply of brandy. The corporation paid 8 pounds, 14 shillings and one penny for these sustaining supplies. The great bill of liquors came when, in the summer of 1802, they rebuilt the bridge. John and Henry Poor, innkeepers at the Shawsheen, supplied the workmen with 1 1 1 gallons of N. E. and W. I. rum, and 142 lbs. of sugar for sweetening. The charge was made in many items, and $142 was paid out of the company's treasury therefor. No toddy or punch was supplied to laborers ; they took rum straight or went dry. Laborers and mechanics then received 67 cents to $1.00 per day; a yoke of oxen could be hired for 84 cents per day. A night's lodging at the old Shawsheen tavern appears, from old bills, to have cost the traveler eight cents ; a generous dinner, 25 cents ; a week's board, $1.84.

There was trouble about the toll men at the Andover Bridge selling rum in the early days. A substantial citizen filed a remonstrance, stating that he sold the land on which the toll house stood with the understanding that grog should never be sold thereon, and that said toll house was a flourishing grog-shop. In reading this protest one admires this old pioneer temperance reformer for a moment, but loses faith in him when reading further on in his complaint where he states that by reason of such sale his own business as a seller of grog at the corner, half a mile beyond, had been ruined, and he had been compelled to close his house of entertainment. The proprietors appointed a committee to secure a toll man who would not sell grog.

The Old Fire Dog

In the hand-tub days of the fire department, every company had its fire dog. These four-footed "laddies" responded as faithfully as the men, and were sometimes of great assistance in the rescue of people from burning buildings. One, old "Jim Syphon", was a dog with a career. His exploits were many, and his happiest moments were when he was dashing ahead of the fire brigade. He had no jiarticular respect for any one but firemen, and died about the time when the glory of the hand-tub began to wane.

In view of the fact that in the early days fishing was an important occupation of the inhabitants hereabouts, a reference to it may be interesting. It is no "fish story", we are told, in the usual sense but a true record, that Henry Noyes took, at the fishing pools of the river, near Falls Bridge, 20 shad at one dip of the hand net. and that Noyes and partner, on Sunday, June 3, 1850, took 676 shad, worth $67. It is recorded that, in the early summer of 1851, these old fishermen were taking 2,500 to 3,000 lamprey eels per day below the dam. It is evident that the fisheries of Lawrence have greatly declined in importance. Fishing rights once on the ^Merrimack had a marketable value and were bought and sold as valuable franchises. In the pioneer days, prior to the dam. the ^lerrimack abounded in fish and was a popular resort for the dusky fishers of the Indian tribes as well as the early settlers. After the establishment of the town and the starting of the mills, a number of the inhabitants continued to secure a livelihood by fishing on the river. Some of the older residents still remember the remnants of the rude fish wharves that extended along the north bank of the river from the dam to the Essex County Training School.

The Hackman And The Giant

Among the amusing trials in the early court was the civil suit of a hackman against a 700 pound giant, exhibited in old Lawrence Hall. The hackman sued the exhibitors for breaking down his coach with the unusual load of physical greatness, and there was a counter suit for damage and delay caused by the breakage. Several interesting points of law were raised. Old citizens who remember some of the incidents that occurred in court in the old days have to laugh, for very funny happenings took place there, often to the distress of the dignity of the presiding justice.

Some Early Designations Historical Remnants I9I

localities were known by names that became household words. The region known as "The Plains" lay along the Spicket River to the north of Oak street. The "Patch" was the shanty settlement in South Lawrence west of Broadway. "The Swamp" wa's the lowland section of Ward Five. The "Corporation Reserve" was the open common that reached from Broadway to Union street, lying between Essex and IMethuen streets, unencumbered by any but temporary wooden buildings for nearly twenty years. "]^lerchants' Row" was a line of modest brick stores west of Amesbury street. "City Block" included the old Bay State Bank building, on site of the present structure, and several stores to the eastward. The building at the corner of Essex and Appleton streets, directly in the rear of the City Hall, standing for years alone, was known as "The Empire House or Block".

Intellectually Too Full

An amusing incident occurred at one of the Franklin Library lectures when Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes spoke upon the subject of "Audiences". He described the various characters that make up a lecture audience, naming lastly "the man who goes out". He goes out, said the doctor, because he is intellectually full to the extent of his capacity to absorb; if he remains longer he must necessarily run over, like. an overfilled goblet, for the rest of the evening. Just at this point a tall hearer with a bland childlike expression arose, at the very front, and made for the door. The audience cheered him to the echo and he supposing something interesting had been said, gravely turned and marched back to his seat, not intending to miss a good thing. For five minutes the audience laughed at what had to be seen to be appreciated, and the jolly doctor lay over the great mahogany desk of the old City Hall stage in a paroxism of laughter.

Old Common Pond

When ground was broken for the original pond on the common, August II, 1857, ^^ 7-2>'^ ^- "''-' ^ company of about 150 persons assembled with teams and spades and made an extensive excavation. General Oliver made a vigorous speech well spiced with Latin and Shakesperian quotations. There were other speakers, poems, etc., but all took a turn at shovelling in the excavation and were happy. The following October a "Pond Festival" was held at City Hall, to raise money for completing the excavation. Then there were more poems, speeches and music. This pond was curbed and filled the following season (1858) and July 4th, 1859, the full force of the old reservoir on Prospect Hill sent a continuous stream into the air from the centre pipe to a height of 80 feet, to the great delight of visitors and small boys. For many years the pond was a breeding place for a mixed species of fish, having the blended characteristics of the gold-fish and the horn-pout. They were fed and petted by children and visitors and led a lazy and luxurious life that proved enervating and destructive. They died from overfeeding and want of exercise. The luxuriant maple trees that encircle the spot were set in 1862 - 63 under the direction of Mayor W. H. P. Wright. There was much controversy and some bitterness in consequence of the location of this pond at a point east of the centre of the common. A few years ago the old pond was replaced by the present wading pool.

In April, 1847, a disturbance occurred at what was termed the "black house'', a low resort on Water street. The row grew out of a report, industriously circulated by a woman, that upon a certain night she saw a certain man knocked down, loaded upon a wheelbarrow, and rolled ofif into the river. The man referred to chanced for a time to be missing, and great excitement followed upon the supposition that the story were true. Three days later the man returned safe and sound. Indignant that such a report should have grown out of nothing, a crowd assembled and nearly demolished the house. Several arrests were made but the parties were discharged with very light fines.

The riot of 1854 was of far more formidable character. On the one side were arrayed the Irish, commonly referred to in those days as foreigners, and on the other the "Know-Nothing" party. Like the trouble in 1847, that of 1854 was founded wholly upon falsehood. At that it was based on a very meagre matter, but to the receptive minds of blind and eager partisans it was enough. It was reported that an Oak street Irishman had raised the x\merican flag, union down. The "anti-foreigners" paraded the streets with bands and banners in the evening, shouting defiance to the "enemy". Men, since prominent in public office, joined the procession and took part in the fight that followed. On Common street, between Jackson and Newbury streets, the opposing forces met, when fists, stones, and even pistols were used. Fortunately, no one was killed though the house of the man who was said to have raised the flag was badly damaged. The city subsequently paid the bill. When the excitement was over, it developed that a socalled American had unconsciously ofifered the insult to the flag, it being raised union-down by mistake. As for a lack of respect for the flag among the Irish of the city, all doubt in that direction must have been removed during the war of the Rebellion when a great many of that race from Lawrence died and bled for the emblem. The names of a number of them may be found on the bronze tablets of the Soldiers' and Sailors' ^lonument on the common, martyrs to the country's cause.

Historical Remnants I93

/The next riotous demonstration in the city, in which there was ^^cial feehng, occurred on July 12, 1875. On that day, the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne was celebrated by the (3rangemen of Lawrence by a picnic at Laurel Grove, in wdiich they were joined by delegations from Lowell, Woburn and Arlington. After the picnic the Orangemen belonging here returned to the city on the steamer City of Lawrence. They were met at the Water street landing with jeers and derision from several hundred persons who had assembled there. The Orangemen started down Essex street, followed by the crowd. Some stones were thrown, and near the Essex House somebody tore a regalia from one of the picnickers. The Orangemen flourished pistols, and for a time serious bloodshed threatened. Those with regalias sought shelter in the station house, and Mayor Tewksbury was sent for. The latter, with a detail of police officers, escorted the Orangemen to the house of the commander of the lodge on Prospect street. A guard was stationed there and no further disturbance took place. On the way to the house of the Orangemen's leader, however, two of the police officers were hit by stones hurled at them, and somebody in the crowd fired a pistol. The officers returned the fire. About a dozen shots in all were fired. Several persons were slightly injured. Since that time the Orangemen have paraded here, but met with no opposition. -^

Lawrence has seen some turbulent elections, but very few that in animation the last meeting of the electors of the town. B. F. Watson led the Democratic hosts. Early in the day, Mr. Watson made some motion intended to give advantage to his party and was declared out of order. Exasperated at his failure, he planted himself in the way to the polls and in a loud voice announced that "There shall be no voting here today," and called upon his friends to block the passage to the ballot box. The hall was filled with excited men who rushed to the point where \\'atson was standing. A party fight, on an extended scale, seemed almost unavoidable, when, above the din of angry tumult, the clear, calm voice of William R. Page, chairman of the selectmen, echoed through the hall : "Gentlemen, you will bring in your votes." Instantly General Oliver, agent of the Atlantic Mills, started, over the heads of the crowed, for the ballot box. After a severe struggle he finally arrived at the object of his aim, minus his coat tail. This incident operated like magic in allaying the disturbance. All parties regarded it as a joke worth laughing at. and order was far more easily restored than the coat tail.

The City Hall Pump

111 the old (lays everybody had a well or cistern, but a well today is considered almost a prize, so few are they. Probably the most notable of the old time pumps and the best remembered by some of us today was the City Hall pump in Pemberton street. Although the pump was removed some years ago, it is only within a very short time that the well was filled up and the platform removed. It fell a victim to modern ideas of public health preservation. It was a popular resort during the hot weather. Every warm day this well was pumped dry, for its water was sparkling and refreshing, and in great demand.

Mania For Wells Hit The City

In the late 6o's the advocates of temperance in Lawrence were especially active. Although the State had some kind of prohibitory lic|uor law, and the City had a liquor agent who dealt out such liquors as were legitimately called for, it is said that there were between 200 and 300 places in the city where intoxicants were sold illegally. Temperance societies flourished proportionately, claiming a total of a thousand adherents. Public meetings, several of them, were held every month in the churches and in the City Hall. The result of these meetings seemed to be the demand that many public wells be sunk throughout the city. One prominent citizen suggested that as many as six to a block were necessary. Dr. Packard, the venerable rector of Grace church, headed the petition praying that at least two be dug on the common, and one in Storrow Park. Others wanted wells dug in the cemetery. The City Council did provide some wells in answer to this demand, and those who could imagine themselves satisfied with water had a chance to work a pump handle. The last public pump to disappear was in the city park on Bodwell street. The State Board of Health diminished the number by condemning most of the wells, but their condemnation did not always close them at once. The people clung to them with great pertinacity and it was with much reluctance in many instances that they were finally given up.

Notice To The Dead

In 1859 the following peculiarly worded order passed the City Council: - "That Aldermen Bryant and Norris be a committee to prepare a notice to the parties now occupying lots in the cemetery, unpaid for, and to cause such notice to be served on each party, requesting them to call for deeds of such lots and to settle for the same."

Good Time At City'S Expense Historical, Remnants I95

of the city's money for a farewell banquet to themselves and their friends to be served in Lawrence Hall. One hundred and fifty plates were to be laid and the price was to be $1.25 per plate. Some citizens petitioned the Supreme Judical court for an injunction against this appropriation, which was secured.

Old Fire Signal

August 3, 1868, before the fire alarm system was installed, the City Council provided that the fire bells should first strike or toll the number of the ward where the fire was, then ring rapidly for twenty seconds, then stop for about twenty seconds, and then repeat the operation continuously so long as the bells should ring. The City Hall bell was only to toll the number of the ward throughout the whole ringing.

Sun Dial Owned By City

For some six or seven years the city owned a sun dial, although there is no record of it having been used. It was purchased in 1856 by the city government from the patentee for $100. During the years that the city had it in its possession it remained in the safe connected with the city clerk's office, no eft'ort having been made to test its value. What eventually became of it we have failed to learn. The dial was eighteen inches in diameter, and was said to be like those sold to the city of Portland and to the several Maine counties.

Compass Posts On Common

On the easterly side of the common there are three stone posts in line, about 200 feet apart, nearly parallel with Jackson street. These define a true north and south line. The needle of the compass, as is quite generally known, points to the magnetic and not to the true north. The variation from the true north is now about twelve degrees, with an increasing variation westerly of about two and one-half minutes annually. These posts are of valuable assistance to nautical and civil engineers who come here to adjust their instruments. The placing of these markers was brought about by Gilbert E. Hood who as superintendent of schools sent a communication to the City Council in 1871 stating that the legislature of 1870 had provided that the county commissioners of each county should by means of stone posts establish a true north and south line in one or more places in the county. He represented that the common was the most suitable place for the establishment of such a line, and that it would be of great advantage to pupils in the High school. Upon petition of the City Council the county commissioners placed the posts at their present location.

Distinguished Visitors In Lawrence

Lawrence has had many distinguished visitors, among them being : On November 14, 1847, Daniel Webster and his wife; September 8, 1849, Father Theobald Mathew, the distinguished Irish temperance reformer; in 1850, Horace Greeley, the famous journalist, who 25 years later lectured at City Hall on observations from his early visits ; in February, 1853, Thomas Francis Meagher, the Irish patriot and afterwards a major general in the Union Army; in December, 1856, Senator Thomas H. Benton, for 30 years a member of the United States Senate; in i860, Stephen A. Douglass, Lincoln's great opponent; in the spring of 1863, Gen. George B. McClellan, famous Union commander, and his wife; in August, 1865, Crcn. U. S. Grant, commanderin-chief of the Union Armies, with his family and staff; December 21, 1877, Gen. James Shields; January 16, 1880, Charles Stewart Parnell, the Irish statesman; in 1889, President Harrison; in September. 1896, William J. Bryan, Democratic candidate for President and later erstwhile Secretary of State under President Wilson; January 2, 1897, Monsignor Martinelli, apostolic delegate to the United States, from Rome; August 26, 1902, President Roosevelt with members of his Cabinet. In the fall of 191 2, during the Presidential campaign, Lawrence had the distinction of receiving a President and an ex-President of the United States on the same day. In the morning ex-President Roosevelt, Progressive candidate for President, visited the city, and in the afternoon President Taft, Republican candidate for re-election, came here and addressed a gathering of citizens on the common. A Chinese embassy, a Japanese embassy, and a company of naval officers and ofificials representing the Czar of all the Russias, have paid special visits to the city, inspecting the mammoth mills with great interest.

In the spring of 1896 the Merrimack River rose out of its banks to a height of nine feet nine inches above the crest of the dam, three inches short of that reached during the great freshet of 1852. Little damage was done beyond the flooding of a number of cellars.

On February i, 1898, occurred the greatest snowstorm in the city's history. In one night 36 inches of snow fell, and for a time business was completely paralyzed.

On June i, 2 and 3, 1903, the semi-centennial of the founding of Lawrence as a city was celebrated. Imposing ceremonies were held, which were attended by Governor Bates and staff. A big feature was a great parade, representing all nationalities.

Robert S. Maloney was l)orn in Lawrence Febrviary 3, 1881. He attended the pul)lic schools. At the age of 13 years he started to work in the Washington Mills. He took up the printer's trade at the old Telegram office in 1895, and he has since become 'prominently identified with that craft and the labor movement. He was the New England organizer for the International Typographical Union for five years. In 1907 he represented the American Federation of Labor as fraternal delegate at the convention of the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He was elected, as a Republican, to the Board of Aldermen, in 1909, and served as president of the board. In 19 12 he held office as Alderman and first Director of Public Health and Charities under the new city charter. During 1913 he engaged in the job printing business. In 1914 he was again elected Alderman and Director of Public Health and Charities, for a two-year term, at the expiration of which he was re-elected for 1917 and 1918. He served as President of the City Council in 1916, 1917 and 1918. Many notable improvements have been made in the Health and Charities Department during his administration. He has the record for tenure of office as Alderman.

John A. Flanagan

John A. Flanagan is a native of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. He was born February 14, 1865. He attended the parochial and public schools at Charlottetown, and upon leaving school he took up the trade of carpentering, with which he has been since identified. In 1884 he moved to Boston. He came to Lawrence from there in May, 1896. For several years prior to his entering pulilic office he had been a building contractor. He was Assistant Superintendent of Public Property in 1905- '11. In 1913 and 1914 he served as Superintendent of Public Property and Inspector of Buildings. In 1914 he was elected Alderman and Director of Public Property and Parks, which office he has since held, being reelected for a second two-year term in 1916. Alderman Flanagan has the care of all city buildings, parks and playgrounds. Notable pulilic improvements during his administration have been the construct'on of the new Oliver (Centrar* Grammar School and the addition to the Tarbox Grammar School, over which he had supervision. The supervised playground movement has been largelv developed since his induction into office, and the city's park system has been consideralily extended. He is married and has two children.

Who S Who In Public Life Johx F. Fixxegax

John F. F^niiegan is a native of Lawrence, being 1)orn here April 15, 1878. He attended the parochial and public schools of the city. Upon leaving school he started to work in the mills, and later was employed in the meat and provision Inisiness. Fourteen years ago he became connected with the Street Department, and has since served in various capacit es in that municipal department, securing a wide range of experience. In the municipal elections of 1915 he was nominated and elected Alderman and Director of Engineering for a two-year term, and he was re-elected in 1917 for the years 1918 and 1919. A number of important improvements have been made in the Department of Engineering under his supervision, including the reconstruction of the east section of the old filter and the installation of the auxiliary water supply system on Phillips Hill. The latter improvement has fulfilled a crying need of several years standing. The granite block permanent pavement, for which Lawrence has become noted, has lieen extended by him in a number of thoroughfares. Alderman Finnegan has charge of the city's streets, sewerage, bridges and water works. He is not married-

Peter Carr

Peter Carr was born in Ireland April 2, 1884. He came to Lawrence, with his parents, at the age of nine years. He attended the pulilic schools, and the Lawrence Commercial School. For a numlier of years he was employed in the mills. He first appeared in the pul)lic eye in the fall of 1913 when he was elected, as a Democrat, to the State Legislature from the 6th Essex Representative District. He served as Representative in 1914 and 1915. He never missed a roll call, and was regarded as an active member of the House. He was deeply interested in labor legislation, lieing instrumental in having the amount of weekly allowance, under the Workingmen's Compensation Act, increased from one-half to two-thirds of the weekly wage of the applicant. He took a prominent part in the fights for the Merrimack Navigation and Salislniry Beach Reservation Bills. In 1916 and 1917, Mr. Carr engaged in the tea and coffee business- In Decemlier, 1017, he was elected Alderman and Director of Public Safety for 1918 and 1919. In connection with his administration of the Police and Fire Departments, he has proposed a number of progressive ideas, including a well thought out plan for the motorizing of these departments. Alderman Carr is not married.

Lawrence Yesterday Axd Today Hox. Jaaies R. Tetler

James R. Tetler was born in Lawrence August 26. 1877. Upon leaving the public schools, he became a plumber's apprentice, later attending the North End Plumbing Trade School, Boston, where he completed his training. _ He started in business for himself in 1904. He has been prominent in local politics. In 1903 and 1904 he was in the Common Council, and in 1909 and 1910 he served as a Representative. In 1913 he was elected to the State Senate. He was reelected for a fifth term as Senator in November, 1917. Senator Tetler is regarded as an influential member of the upper branch of the Legislature. He has served on the most important committees. The Constitutional Amendment Bill, allowing the State to seize, liy eminent domain, land at Salisbury Beach and return it to the people by lease or sale, was twice carried through the Senate by Senator Tetler, only to be defeated in the House the second year. To become law, it was necessary that the measure pass the Legislature two years consecutivelv. As chairman of the Merrimack Valley delegation, in 1917, he led the fight for the Merrimack River Navigation Bill whicli passed lioth branches of the Legislature, l)ut which was vetoed by Governor McCall. Senator Tetler is married.

Hox. Michael F. Phelan

Michael F. Phelan was born in Lynn, Mass., Octol)er 22, 1875. He was educated in the public schools of Lynn, and Harvard University, receiving an A. B. degree in 1897 and an L. L. B. degree in 1900 from the latter institution. He took up the practice of law in Lynn. In 1905 and 1906 he served as a meml;)er of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. In the fall of 1912 he was elected, as a Democrat, from the 7th Massachusetts District, to the 63rd Congress, and in 1914 and 1916 he was re-elected to the 64th and 65th Congresses. He is an active member of the national legislative body, and is regarded as one of the best informed men in Congress on matters liearing on financial legislation, particularly in relation to banking and currency. He was chairman of one of the sul5-committees which drew up the Federal Reserve Act that has put into the hands of the LTnited States government the control of the l)anking system of the country, the first notalile achievement of the Wilson administration. He also wrote and fathered the bill for the Rural Credits Law which passed Congress in 1916, and which has proven a great boon to the agricultural industry. Consressman Phelan is married and has three children.

Who S Who Tn Public I.Ifk Hon. Louis S. Cox

Louis S. Cox was liorn in Manchester, N. H, Novemlier 22, 1874. Being graduated from the Manchester High School in 1892, he entered Dartmouth College where he received an A. B. degree in 1S96. Studied for half of one term at Harvard Medical School. Then entered Boston University Law School. Given his degree in law and admitted to the bar in 1899. In January, 1900, he came to Lawrence and became associated with Charles A. De- Courcy, now a Supreme Court Justice. Later became a partner in the law firm of Sweeney, Dow & Cox, now known as Sweeney, Cox & Sargent. He has been prominent in politics. Served three years as member of Republican State Committee, and has also served as chairman of Republican City Committee. Elected to State Senate in fall of 1905. Appointed Postmaster in July, 1906, holding that position until January, 1914. Elected District Attorney in the fall of 1015 to fill the unexpired term of Henry C. Attwill, and re-elected in 1916 for three years. He was captain of Battery C, Light Artillery, for three years. In September, 1917, he was appointed a colonel in the State Guard. Mr. Cox is married and has two children.

Bernard M- Sheridan

Bernard M. Sheridan was born in Wellesley, Mass., October 26, 1866. He was educated in the public schools of his native town. He was graduated from the Wellesley High School in 1883, and from Boston College in 1887. He received the degree of A. M. from his Alma Mater in 1893. The year after his college graduation he began teaching in Amsterdam, N. Y. The following year he l^ecame principal of a grammar school on Cape Cod, where so many other wellknown educators served their apprenticeship. Soon after, he was promoted to the High School principalship in the same town. In 1895 he was elected master of the John K. Tarbox grammar school of this city. In 1897 he succeeded B. F. Dame as principal of the Oliver school. He remained in this position until his unanimous election as Superintendent of Schools in April, 1904. Mr. Sheridan is well versed in educational matters. He is a member of the National Education Assn., Massachusetts Superintendents' Assn., New England Superintendents' Assn., National Council of Teachers of English, and the Essex County Teachers' Assn. He is the author of "Speaking and Writing English", a course of study in elementary English which has given him a national reputation. Mr. Sheridan is married and has one child.

Lawrence Yesterday And Today James D. Horne

James D. Home was born in Biddeford. Me., July 21, i860, coming to Lawrence in 1862. He was educated in tlie pul)lic schools of this city and Methuen, Phillips-Andover Academy and Dartmouth College, he'ng graduated from the last named institution in 1884 with an A. B. degree and with Phi Beta Kappa rank in scholarship. In 1890, Dartmouth conferred the degree of A M. upon him. For three years prior to this academic training he worked in the weaving room of the Arlington Mills, and he taught district schools in the last three winters of his college course. Upon graduation from college, he began the study of Law in the office of Hon. J. N. Marshall of Lowell; also attended Boston LTniversity Law School. During the law course, he served as principal of the Lowell Evening High School. In June, 1886, he was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar, and in July, 1887, to the Minnesota Bar, hav'ng gone to St. Paul, Minnesota, the spring previous. In the fall of 1887 he returned to Lowell. Giving up the practice of law for school teaching, he was elected Sub-Master of the Haverhill High School in 1888. He became Principal of the Brattleboro, Vt., High School in 1891. He came to Lawrence as Princinal of the Lawrence High School in 1894.

Daniel J. Murphy

Daniel J. Murphy was l)orn in Lawrence November 15, 1875. He attended the public schools, and was graduated from the Lawrence High School. He then went to Harvard C(^llege, was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa, and completing his college work, entered the Harvard Law School. In June, 1903, he was graduated from the law school, having previously been admitted to the bar, in March, at Boston. While attending law school he taught in the college as an assistant in History. For a short time he was in the office of Judge J. F. Quinn at Salem. He began the practice of law in Lawrence in Octolier, 1903. was later a member of the firms of Knox, Coulson & Murphy, and Coulson & Murphy, and since 1909 has conducted law offices of his own. He has been City Solicitor from 1906 to 1908 and from 1910 to date. Counsel to the Lawrence Bridge Commissions, and Associate or Town Counsel for the Town of .Andover, since 1906. As City Solicitor for the City of Lawrence he has defended the city in important cases, in which his contentions have been established as precedents in mun'cipal law. In 1905 Mr. Murphy married Mary T. Curran of Andover. He has three children.

Dr. Peter L. McKallagat was liorn in Lawrence February 13. 1883. He received his preparatory education in the public schools of this city, being graduated from the Lawrence High School in 1902. In the fall of that year he entered Columbia Aledical School of New York City, and upon completing his course of studies there in 1906 he was given his degree. For the two years following he was house surgeon at St. Vincent's Hospital, New York City, and during the summer of 1909 he had charge of t'le Seaside Floating Hospital of St. John's Gu'ld, New York. On October 15. 1909, he took up general practice in Lawrence. Dr. McKallagat has established a large practice, having had remarkable success in his cases, particularly in the surgical line. He was appointed Assistant City Physician in 1915. He handles all the surgical cases at the Municipal Hospital which has been well equipped for such service by the Department of Public Health and Charit-es. Facilities are provided to meet the requirements for major operations, as well as the minor surgical cases. Dr. McKallagat is married and has two children.

Dr. William J. Sullivan was born in Lancaster, Mass., June 17, i860. He was educated in the public schools of Lancaster and the New York University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, l^eing graduated from the latter institution on March 15, 1886. He came to Lawrence in July of that year. For many years he has been prominently identiiied with the medical profession here, and he is one of the city's oldest practitioners. In " 1893 he was appointed Lhiited States Examining Surgeon for Pensions by President Cleveland, and he still holds that position. He served as President of the Board of Trade in 1909 and 1910, and as Chairman of the Board of Health in 1910. For several years be was a member of the Democratic State Committee, and in 1906 he served on the executive committee of that organization. In 1912 he was appointed Assist. City Physician. He was named City Physician Jan. 5. 1915. and bv virtue of that office he is also a member of the Board of Health. As City Phys'cian, he has supervision of the Muni'-'pal and Tuberculosis Hospitals. He has been connected with the Massachusetts Medical Societv for the past 29 years, and was Pres'dent of the Essex North District of that society in 1907 and 1908. Dr. Sullivan is married, and has one son.

Johx J. Donovan

John J. Donovan was born in Lawrence January i, 1862. He attended the pulilic schools of the city, and was graduated from the Lawrence High School in 1880. Upon leaving school he entered the office of the City Clerk. In 1883 he was appointed Assistant City Clerk and Clerk of Committees, which position he held until 1892. In the fall of 1891 he was elected Register of Deeds for the Northern District of Essex County. He held that office for three years. On November 20, 1894, he took up the study of law in the Boston University Law School, and in 1896 was given a degree magna cum laude. He was admitted to the bar in July, 1896, and began the practice of law in Lawrence. He has gained considerable reputation for his success in handling cases in which municipal law was involved. In 1897 and 1898 he was a member of the Licensing Board for the Civy of Lawrence. He has served fur many years on the local Civil Service Board, and is thoroughly fam'liar with the Civil Service law. He was appointed a member of the Central Bridge Commission by Mayor Cahill in 191 1, being elected chairman of that lioard upon its organization. Mr. Donovan is married and has one child.

Francis J. Morris

Francis J. Morris is a native of Lawrence, Ijeing l)orn Octol)er 3. 1867. He attended tiie ])ul)lic schools. After leaving schonl. tor a while, he was employed in the mills, and later at lilacksmithing. In Decemljer, 1891, he was appointed chief's driver in the fire department, under Chief Melvin Beal. He served in that capacity until July i, 1900, when he was appointed Captain of Engine 8's coml)any on Ames street. In 1912. during the big textile strike, he was given a provisional appointment as Deputy Fire Chief, and in April, 1913, he received a regular appointment as such. Mr. Morris has had a wide experience as a fire fighter during his 25 years of service in the fire department of Lawrence. For nearly nine years he was closely associated with Chief Beal who was regarded as a competent department head, and later, as Captain and Deputy Chief, he participated in and directed the successful handling of difficult fires.

In January, 1918, Deputy Chief Morris was appointed Acting Chief, succeeding Chief Dennis E. Carey, who was removed by the new Director of Public Safety, Alderman Peter Carr. Air. Morris is married.

Wiios Who In Public Life Dr. John J. Deacy

Dr. John J. Deacy was born in Lawrence April 6, 1889. He obtained his preparatory education in the puldic schools of the city and was graduated with the class of 1907 from the Lawrence High School. He entered Tufts College Medical School in 1909, completing the course of studies there and receiving his degree in 1913. During the summer of that year he was an interne on the Boston Floating Hospital, and the following fall became an interne and a resident surgeon at St. John's Hospital, Lowell. He served fourteen months at the latter institution, leaving to take up practice in Lawrence. Dr. Deacy has made a special study of surgery, and each year spends several weeks attending the best surgical clinics in the country. He was appointed Health Physician for the City of Lawrence in March, 1915. He has supervision of all contigious disease cases which demand the attention of the Municipal Health Department To him is given tlie responsibility of guarding- against the outbreak of epidemics. That the city has been remarkably free from serious spreading of contagious diseases is due considerably to the careful and capable attent'on of its Health Physician. Dr. Deacy is not married.

A'laurice F. McKenna is a native of Lawrence. He was born October 12, 1873. His education was obtained in the public schools of the city. Upon leaving school he went to work in the Arlington Mills where he was employed in the dyeing and finishing departments for eight years. Later he became a teamster in the Street Department and in 1900 was elected Superintendent of Streets. For a number of years afterward he was engaged in business. In 1914 he was appointed City Marshal by Alderman James W. Cadogan, Director of Public Safety, and continued in that office during 1915, 1916 and 1917. Just prior to the expiration of Alderman Cadogan's second term in office. City Marshal McKenna resigned to take the position of City Purchasing Agent, to which he was elected by the City Council to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hugh vS. McConnor, the first Purchasing Agent under the new city charter. The office of Purchasing Agent is one of the most important offices within the gift of the City Government. With the exception of very minor items, all supplies for the municipal departments are bouerht through the Purchasing Agent. Mr. McKenna is married and has two children. He was succeeded, as City Marshal, by Timothy J. O'Brien.

Michael F. Cronin was born in Ireland March i, 187S. When an infant he came to Lawrence with his parents. He obtained his preparatory education in the public schools of the city, and was graduated from the Lawrence High School in i8g8. The fall of that year he took up the study of law at Boston University Law School. He received his degree in June, 1901. In the following September he was admitted to the bar. He has been active in local politics, having been prominently identified with the Democratic party. He was elected to the Board of Aldermen in 1904. He served as chairman of the Democratic City Committee in 1905 and 1906, and in 1909 he was the Democratic candidate for Mayor. On January i, 1914, he became Postmaster, having been appo'nted by President Wilson. Lender his administration the Lawrence post office has maintained a high standard of efficiency. Besides handling the great volume of business in Lawrence, the service extends to the towns of North Andover and Methuen. (In January. 1918, the latter town became the City of Methuen, though still a part of the Lawrence post office district). Sub-postal stations have been established in various sections of the city for the convenience of the public. Mr. Cronin is not married.

Nathaniel E. Rankin is a native of Taunton, Mass., being born Sept. 12, 1874. He came to Lawrence at the age of six years. He attended the public schools here and was graduated from the Lawrence High School in 1895. L^pon leaving school he engaged in the dyeing business for two years. In 1898 he entered Boston Un. versify Law School, and received his degree in 1900. In October of that year he was admitted to the bar. He has been prominent in local politics. For five years he was a memlier of the Republican State Committee. In 1908 he was appointed Public Administrator for the Lawrence District l)y Governor Guild, and in 1909 he was appointed by Judge Davis as local examiner for the Land Court. In December, 1916, Governor McCall appointed him Clerk of the Lawrence D strict Court. This court handles the civil cases of Methuen, Andover and North Andover, and has concurrent jurisdiction on all criminal matters of those towns, besides the conduct of lower court cases in Lawrence. Mr. Rankin is a memlier of Division 3 Exemption Board for the examination of local draft cases. He was selected for this position shortly after the passage of the draft law by Congress, following the declaration of war with Germany in April, 1917. He is married and has two children.

Walter Coulson

Walter Coulson was born in Campo Seco, California, October 10. 1864. He came to Lawrence when five years of age. He attended the public schools and was graduated from the Lawrence High School in i!'84. He received his higher education at Harvard Univers.ty and the Boston University Law School. In October, 1889, he was admitted to the bar. While attending law school he was connected with the ofiice of Charles A. DeCourcy, now Supreme Court Justice, of whom he later became a partner and with whom he was associated until Mr. DeCourcy was appointed to the bench in 1902. He is prominent among the local legal fraternity, and he is a member of the County, State and National Bar Associations, besides being a member of the Executive Committee of the Massachusetts Bar Association. Mr. Coulson is attorney for many of the large corporations of the city. He has made a specialty of corporation law. in the interpretation of which he has gained considerable reputation. He served on the School Committee from 1890 to 1896. In 1911 he was elected President of the Lawrence Bar Association, which position he has since held. His activity in behalf of the organization has inspired a lively interest in its affairs. He is married.

Hox. Archie N. Frost

Archie N. Frost was born in Lawrence July 26, 1872. Graduating from the Lawrence High School in 1890, he studied for one year at Colby College, after which he entered Brown University. He was graduated from Brown with an A. B. degree in 1894. In the fall of that year he began the study of law at the Boston LTniversity Law School. In 1895 he became associated with the law firm of DeCourcy & Coulson. and in 1898 he was admitted to the bar. He served in the Common Council in 1898, and as a Representative in 1899, 1900 and 1901. He was a member of the State Senate in 1902 and 1903. In 1908 he was appointed Special Assistant to the United States Attorney General in charge of the Government land suits in Oklahoma. He returned to Lawrence in 1914. and became a law partner of Walter Coulson. He was elected a delegate to the Republican National Convention, held at Chicago in 1916. In the spring of 1917 he was chosen a member of the State Constitutional Convention. In May. 1917. he was appointed by the Supreme Court as Clerk of Courts for Essex County, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of E. B. George, and at the State election following he was elected to that position by the people. Mr. Frost is married and has two children.

Lawrknce Yesterday And Today Thomas M. Jordan

Thomas M. Jordan was lx>rn in Lawrence Decemlier 14, 1871. He attended the pulihc schools. Upon leaving school he went to work in the mills. Later he learned the l^arbering business, in which he is now established. Mr. Jordan has been prominently identified with the public life of the community. He served in the Common Council in 1908 and 1909, and in the Board of Aldermen in 1910 and 1911. By virtue of his office as President of the Board of Aldermen, he became Acting Mayor in July. 1910. upon the resignation of Mayor White. He served 'n that capacity until the election of Mayor Cahill liy the City Council. He was elected to the School Board in December, 1914, being re-elected for another two-year term in 19x6. He was chosen vice chairman of the board in 1917. Air. Jordan has been an active and progressive member of the government. Among the notable ideas advocated by him was that of paving a certain number of streets each year. That program has been carried out, with the result that today Lawrence is noted for its fine thoroughfares. Another idea of his is the Educational Council which has proved a valuable adjunct to the School Board, in an advisory way, in educational matters. Mr. Jordan is married and has two children.

Moses Marshall

Moses Alarshall is a native of Lawrence, being liorn November 20, 1870. He attended the public schools, and later for a number of years he was employed in the mills. In 1892 he took up a college preparatory course of study at the Friends School, Providence, R. I., from which he was graduated in 1896. He then entered Haverford College where he studied for two years. He began the study of law at the Boston University Law School in 1898. He received his degree in 1901, being admitted to the bar the same year. Mr. Marshall has been active in local politics. In 1904 he served in the Board of Aldermen, and in 1906 he was the Repulilican nominee for Mayor. In the fall of 1907 he was elected Register of Deeds for the Northern Esse.x District, for a term of five years. He was re-elected to that office in 1912, and for a third term in 1917. As Register of Deeds, he has charge of all papers, deeds and records relating to real estate in the district which comprises Lawrence, Methuen. Andover and North Andover. His legal training especially adapts him for this responsible duty. By virtue of his office as Register of Deeds he is also assistant recorder of the I^and Court for this district. Mr. Marshall is married.

James H. Bride

James H. Bride was liorn in Lawrence April 16. 1867. He was educated in the public schools. Upon leaving school he went to work in the mills. He started his career in the plumb'ng Imsiness as a clerk with W. F. Rutter & Company. In that line of activity he advanced rapidly. Today he is regarded as one of the most prominent men in the l)usiness in this section of the country. He was admitted to the Rutter firm in 1891, the firm then comprising William F. Rutter, Sr., William F. Rutter, Jr., and James H. Bride. Upon the death of Mr. Rutter, Jr.. a few years later, E. Eben Grimes became a partner, and in 1906, when Mr. Rutter, Sr.. retired, the firm became known as Bride, Grimes & Company. For years this concern has been the leading heating and plumbing contractors in Lawrence. It has installed th" heating and plumbing systems in all of the large mills. Mr. Bride takes a keen and active interest in pul^lic affairs. In April, 1917. upon the organization of the Public Safety Committee to meet emergencies arising from the war with Germany, he was appointed chairman of the Finance Committee, and later named Vice Chairman of the Executive Committee. Mr. Bride is married and has three children.

Hon. Joseph J. Flynn

Joseph J. Flynn was liorn in Ireland May I, 1862. When a little over one year of age he came to Lawrence with his mother. He attended the public schools. At the age of II years he started to work in the Pemberton Mill. In 1881, when the Lawrence Opera House was opened, he took a position there as advertising agent and stage manager, later becoming treasurer and manager. He has also managed a number of summer park theatres, besides having had several shows on the road. Thirtythree years ago he established the bill posting business to which, since severing his connection with the Opera House in 1900, he has devoted his time exclusively. This business has grown tremendously, now covering JO cities and towns in three states. Mr. Flynn has been a prominent figure in local politics. In 1895 and 1896 he served as representative and in 1898 and 1904 as senator in the State Legislature. He was also at one time nominated Democratic candidate for State Treasurer, besides securing a nomination for Congress from this district. He was appointed a member of the Central Bridge Commission by Mayor Cahill in 1911. He is married and has five children.

Daniel J. Murphv was born in Strafiford, Vt.. October 12. 1861. At the age of four years he came to Lawrence. He was educated in tlie parochial and public schools, and Carney's Commercial School of this city. Lfpon leaving school, he entered the office of the McKay Sewing Machine Association as an office boy. During his 25 years with this concern he worked his way up to the position of paymaster. The plant was located in the. building on Haverhill street, now occupied by the Walton Shoe Company. When it was absorbed by the United Shoe Machinery Company, Mr. Murphy was transferred, as assistant manager, to the Haverhill branch office of the latter concern, where he remained for three years, until he was transferred to the Boston office. Three years later he took the position of treasurer and general manager of the Murphy, Tyler Company, Inc., which manufactures water-proofing for shoe leather. He still has a controlling interest in that company. In 1915 he was appointed Superintendent of Sanitation and Chairman of the Health Board, by Alderman Roliert S. Maloney. His executive ability has aided greatly in placing the Municipal Health Department on a well organized basis. Mr. Murphy is married and has one child.

Richard Ward

Richard Ward was born in Greenfield, N. H.. July 14. 1879. He moved to Lancaster, Mass., in 1881. He was graduated from the Lancaster High School in 1896, and in the fall of that year he entered Dartmouth College. In 1901 he was given an A. B. degree at Dartmouth, the following year receiving a master's degree in commercial science from that institution. L^^ion completing his college training, he entered the office of the Western Electric Company at Chicago, with which concern he remained for one year. He then became connected with the Hapgoods, employment experts, of St. Louis. In 1905 Mr. Ward went into the lead manufacturing business in St. Louis, under the firm name of the McDuffee, Ward Lead Manufacturing Company, dealing extensively in plumbers' supplies. He came to Lawrence in 1908, when lie became president and treasurer of the Wright Manufacturing C(impany whicli controls the Wright braid mill. In 1917 he was elected President of the Chamber of Commerce. His energetic personality and executive al)ility have infused new life into that organization. Mr. Ward is prominently identified with the banking and commercial, as well as the industrial interests of the city. He is married and has three cliildren.

Michael F. Brogax

Michael F. Brogan was born in Lawrence October 23, 1868. He attended the parochial and public schools. Upon leaving school he went to work in the mills. At the age of 17 years, he began his career by learning the machinist trade with the McKay Metallic Fastening Association. When that industry moved to Winchester, he went with it. His advance was rapid. He became thoroughly familiar with the manufacture and setting up of every machine produced by the McKay concern and by the LTnited Shoe Machinery Company, with which he later became connected. For 10 years he travelled all over the LInited States as a salesman of shoe machinery and findings. During the past 15 years he has held a position as inventor with the LInited Shoe Machinery Company. He has evolved many new devices for the manufacture of shoes. Through the products of his inventive mind he has become prominent in the shoe machinery industry of the country. Mr. Brogan came into public life of the city in 1914, when he was appointed a member of the License Commission, for a term of six years, by Mayor Scanlon. In 1916 he was named chairman of the board by Mayor Hurley. Mr. Brogan is married and has one child.

Charles E. Bradley

Charles E. Bradley was born in Lowell December S, 1862. He came to Lawrence in 1873. Upon leaving school he went to work in the old fish line mill in South Lawrence. Later he learned the machinist trade and, for a number of years, he was employed in several of the local machine shops. In 1890 he opened a real estate and fire insurance office, with which business he has since been prominently identified. With his brother, William J. Bradley, he is one of the city's largest individual property owners, having extensive and very valuable holdings on the main street. They pay annually to the city in taxes on real estate over $7,000. Charles E. Bradley served in the Common Council in 1888. He has always manifested a keen interest in public affairs, and has been ever ready to lend his support to movements for the city's welfare. Following the great textile strike of 1912, when the Citizens Association was organized for the purpose of rehabilitating Lawrence's good name by overcoming the ill effects of misrepresentations of unscrupulous writers and agitators, Mr. Bradley was chosen Chairman. His activity aided greatly in bringing about the remarkable success of that organization. Mr. Bradley has three children.

Richard J. Shea

Born in Lawrence May 30, 1855. He attended parochial and public schools. At the age of 12 years he went to work in the mills. Later, for a number of years, he was employed at the grocery ])usiness. In January, 1886, he was elected Clerk of the Common Council, and the following April he was elected City Auditor, succeeding Walter R. Rowe. Mr. Shea was the last Clerk of the Common Council, holding that office 26 years. He is married and has two children.

Born in Lawrence April 10, 187S. He was educated in the public schools, Villanova College and Boston University Law School, being admitted to the bar in 1903. He 1)ecame Assistant City Clerk in April, 1910, and was appointed City Clerk Sept. 19, 1910, to fill the vacancy caused liy tlie resignation of Cornelius J. Corcoran. The following Deceml)er he was elected by the people. Mr. Wade has a wide knowledge of municipal affairs. He is married and has five children.

Daniel Saunders

A native of Lawrence, Septeml)er 25, 1891. He was educated in the public schools of the city, Bowdoin College, Harvard Law School and Boston University Law School. In 1917 he was admitted to the bar. He was elected to the School Board in 1915 for two years, and he was reelected in 1917. Mr. Saunders is the great grandson of Daniel Saunders, the founder of Lawrence. He is not married.

Born in Lawrence January 6, 1858. He attended the public schools. At the age of 10 years he went to work in the mills. In 1890 and 1891 he served in the Common Council. He was elected Assessor in January, 1895. and in 1899 he was made chairman of the board. Mr. Murphy has a keen knowledge of property valuation in Lawrence. He is married and has four children.

William A. Kelleher

Born in Lawrence May 2"], 1875. He attended the parochial and pul)lic schools. L'pon leaving school, he went to work in the mills, and later he engaged in the to1)acco business for a number of years. He has been prominent in local politics. In 1903 and 1904 he was a meml^er of the Common Conned, and in 190.S. of the Board of Aldermen. He served as Representative in 1906, 1907 and 1908. In the fall of 1909 he was elected City Treasurer. Mr. Kelleher is married and has one child.

Arthur D. Marble

Born in Hingham, Mass., April 10, 1853. He attended the public schools and Derby Academy at Hingham. In April, 1874, he came to Lawrence, and became first assistant to City Engineer Baldwin Coolidge. In the summer of 1875 the office of City Engineer w'as abolished, but the department was retained and the City Government continued to employ Mr. Marble as Acting City Engineer. When the office was re-established in 1898 he was elected City Engineer. Mr. Marl)le has one daughter.

Michael A. Flanagan

Born in Lawrence Feliruary 21, 1890. He was graduated from the Lawrence High School in 1906, and Boston College, receiving an A. B. degree from that institution in 191 1. He then entered Boston L'niversity Law School, getting his degree in law and being admitted to the bar in 1914. In November. 1916, he was elected Representative from the 8th Essex District. He was re-elected in 1917. Mr. Flanagan is not married.

Arthur Bower

Born in England September 7, 1877. He came to Lawrence in 1887. Upon leaving school he went to work in the mills, becoming a weaver and later taking up the loomfixing trade. He served in the Common Council in 1907 and 1908. In the fall of 1913, as a Republican, he was elected Representat^e from the 5th Essex District. He is now serving his fourth term in the lower branch of the State Legislature.

Fred F. Flynn

Born in Lawrence April 25, 1873. Upon leaving school, he learned the machinist trade. He was appointed a patrolman in the Police Department in 1896, serving as inspector in 1904 and 1905. In April, 1907, he was appointed a memlier of the Detective Department of the District Police. In that capacity he served in many important cases in every county of the state. He was appointed Pro- I)ation and Court Ot^cer of the Lawrence District Court September i, 1916. Mr. Flynn is married.

Dennis F. Donovan

Born in Lawrence Octol)er 27, 1872. He attended the public schools. Upon leaving school he learned the drug l)usiness, taking a course of study at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy. On May i, 1905, he was elected City Pharmacist, succeeding Edward L. Barrett, the first to hold that position. The City Pharmacy supplies the Municipal and Tulierculosis Hospitals, the outside poor, and the medicinal needs of other city departments. Mr. Donovan is married.

Michael S. O'Brien

Born in Lawrence February 17, 1883, He was educated in the public schools of the city, Dartmouth College, and Harvard Law School. Admitted to the bar in 1909. In 1912 he served as Alderman and first Director of Public Property and Parks under the new city charter. That year he inaugurated the supervised playground movement which has since become one of the most imp(Trtant functions of the municipality. Mr. O'Brien is married and has two children.

Dr. John H. Bannon

Born in Bolton, England, Sept. 10, 1877. He was educated in the parochial schools and the LIniversity of Maryland Medical School, being graduated from the latter institution in 1899. He was elected to the School Board in 1904 for a term of three years. In August, 1906, he was elected the first School Physician. In 1910 he was again elected to the School Board, but was legislated out of office in 1912 by the new city charter. Dr. Bannon is not married.

Who S Who In Public Ijfk William A. Walsh

Born in Boston July 11. 1868. He was educated in the Boston pulilic schools and Boston College. For a number of years he was an officer at the Boston Public Library. In May, 1901, he was elected Lilirarian at the Lawrence Public Lilirary, .succeeding Frederick H. Hedge. During his administration the main library building has been enlarged and three delivery stations have been established. In 1903 Mr. Walsh was honored with an M. A. degree l)y Boston College. He is married and has three children.

Dr. Joseph A. Levek

Born in Newmarket, N. H., Feb. 19, 1890. He came to Lawrence in 1903, and was graduated from the Lawrence High School in 1907. He received his degree from Tufts College Medical School in 1913. He was an interne at the Boston City Hospital, Boston Floating Hospital", Massachusetts General Hospital and the Lawrence General Hospital. In April, 1915, he began practice in Lawrence. He was appointed School Physician February 16, 1916. Dr. Levek is married.

William Lord

For nearly 30 years connected with the Cemetery Department of the City of Lawrence. After attending the public schools he went to workas clerk of that department in 1889. In 1896 he was made superintendent. He has supervision of Bellevue Cemetery.

Dr. George W. Dow

Born in Methuen September 23, 1852. He was educated at Colby Academy, Brown University and the Harvard Medical School. He served on the School Board in i89i-'93, and in the Board of Aldermen in 1894. and 1895. For a number of years he was C'ty Physician. He was appointed Medical Examiner in 1902 by Governor Crane. - Dr. Dow is married and has one child.

Born in Lawrence August lo, iS8i. He was educated in the pulilic schools and Boston University Law School, being admitted to the liar in 1906. In 1912, when the new city charter went into effect, the City diuncil elected him the city's first Purchasing- Agent. He filled this very responsilile position creditably until Nov. I, 1917, when he resigned to become Secretary of the Federal Land Bank at Springfield. Mr. McCdunor is married and has one child.

Dr. Meyer Schwartz

Born in Russia Decemlier 25, 1878. He came to this country at the age of seven years. He attended the public schools at Manchester, N. H., and was graduated from the Manchester High School. He studied medicine at the LIniversity of Maryland, receiving his degree in 1902. In the fall of that year he took up practice in Lawrence. He was appointed School Physician in 1909, which office he has since held. Dr. Schwartz is married and lias one child.

John P. Ryan

Born in Lawrence Septeml)er 6. 1863. He served in the Common Council in 1892 and 1893. On Feliruary 22, 1893, he received his appointment as State Armorer from Governor Russell. He is the custodian of the property of the State Militia, and has charge of the State Armory on Amesbury street. During his service he has seen the local militia units off to war on three occasions, and has been very active in their interests. Mr. Ryan is married, and has three children.

Born in Ireland April 18. 1872. He came to Lawrence in 1876, from Boston. He attended the parochial and public schools, being graduated from Lawrence High School in 1890. LTpon leaving school he learned t'le drug business, at which he spent several years. He was graduated from the New York Lhiiversity and Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1899. In 1900, 1901 and 1902 he served on the School Board. He was appointed School Physician in 1916. Dr. McCarthy is not married.

Who S Who In Public Lifk Michael H. Jordan

Born in Lawrence Fe1)rnary 7, 1862. He attended the parochial and pn1)lic schools. For a numlier of years he played professional baseljall, being prominently identified with teams of the Xew England League, the L and L League of the Middle West, the Texas League, and the Atlantic Association. In 1915 he was elected Representative from the 6th Essex District. He was re-elected in igi6 and 1917. Mr. Jordan has two children.

Frederick Butler

Born in Lawrence September 21, 1884. He was educated in the public schools of the city. Highland Military Academy and Bryan & Stratton's Commercial School. Upon completing his education he entered a l:)anker and broker's office. He later l)ecame engaged in the clothing business. He was elected, as a Republican, from the 7th Essex District to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in the fall of 1913. He is now serving his fifth term as a Representative.

Joseph V. Brogax

Born in Lawrence March 16, 1871. He was educated in the parochial and public schools. For a numl^er of years he was employed as a meat and provision clerk, and later became estaljlished in that business. In iQOi he was appointed Sealer of Weights and Measures by Mayor Leonard. Mr. Brogan has the supervision of all weights and measures in Lawrence, and also supervision of the enforcement of the law relating to peddlers and itinerant venders. He is not married.

Dennis Shine

Born in Ireland August' 17, 1855. He came to Lawrence in 1879. For 12 years he was employed in the shoe shops of Haverhill and Lynn. In 1898 he took the position of Assistant City Messenger under W^illiam H. Merrow, his predecessor. He was elected City Messenger in January of 1910. He has the care of the auditorium and offices in the City Hall, besides acting as messenger for the City Government. Mr. Shine is married and has three children.

Tax Rate

**Estimate shows decrease due to conditions caused by great textile strike. Note: - Since 1895, with the exception of the official census year, that is, every year divisable by five, the population given is nothing more than an estimate based on the computation of the average annual increases. The figure for iqi6 is in accordance with a report given out by the Federal Census Bureau for Massachusetts and rating Lawrence as the ninth city in the state.

Mayors Of Lawrence

tElected by City Council August 2otli to fill unexpired term. **Died in office August i6th. ttElected at city election to fill unexpired term.

Town And City Auditors

A. C. Radcliffe was apparently tlie first regular City Auditor. For the years ending in March, 1849, 1S50 and 1851, Ivan Stevens audited the town accounts. From that time until 1859 the accounts were audited by a finance committee, except that in 1854 Dana Sargent was paid $25 for auditing all the city accounts but those of the city treasurer.

General Statistics 225

1881 Oscar A. Frye, Gustave Graichen, James C. Fisher, William A. Kelleher, Herbert S. Rice, Charles U. Bell (President), Patrick O'Connor, James A. Coughlin, Thomas Griffin, Thomas Ayrey, Alfred L. Mellen, Charles L. Place, George Collins, Charles A. Trumbull, Cornelius Whitehead, Michael F. Collins, John J. Kilbride, Wendell W. Beal.

1882 James C. Fisher, Harry E. Smith. Ernest E. Dick, Charles U. Bell, Edward Costello, William A. Kelleher, Patrick O'Connor, Maurice Lyons, Anthony Corwan, Eugene A. McCarthy, Henry A. Buell, Moses F. Hutchinson (President), Cornelius Whitehead, John N. Ellingwood, John H. Stafford, Patrick A. Lenane, John J. Kilbride, Franklin B. Davis.

1908 Arthur Bower, Herman Grunwald, Carl A. Woekel, Jr., James A. Coyne, Thomas M. Jordan, Henry J. Nichols, Michael Brown, Joseph Hayes, Joseph A. Kennedy, Bernard J. Bresnahan, David D. O'Connell, Fred J. Watson. Timothy Bee, Thomas Hughes, Joseph A. Mosher, George F. Hoar, Florence D. McCarthy, John J. McCarthy (President).

igio Joseph F. Adams, Jacob Doerr, Albin Ulrich, Bernard J. Keaveny, Henry J. Nichols, David Noonan, Thaddeus J. Begley, Frank D. Foley, John F. Morrissey, Michael J. Dooley, Joseph H. Maxwell, Eugene A. Mc- Carthy. Jr.. (President), Charles P. Rushforth, Joseph Spencer, L. Morton Taylor, Thomas A. Welch, Edgar W. Shea. John J. Nugent, Jr. igii Adam Boehm, Robert Leupold, Albin Ulrich, Michael H. CoUopy, Bernard J. Keaveny (President), David Noonan, Thaddeus J. Begley, Frank D. Foley, Jolin F. Morrissey, Michael Joseph Fay. John McMahon, John A. O'Do'nnell. Frederick W. Briggs, James J. Carney. Joseph A. Hurley. Joseph M. O'Dowd, James H. Quinn. Thomas A. Welch. Note : - The Councilmen are named in the order of the wards they represented, three being elected from each of the six wards. Common Council aljolished under new charter in 191 2.

Vote On License

Note: - From 1852 to 1875 prohibition was in effect, except from 1870 to 1875 the sale of beers and light wines was permitted. From 1875 to 1881 the question was left to the discretion of the Board of Aldermen. From 1881 to date, local option in vogue - Question determined by the people and, until 1895, licenses were granted by the Board of Aldermen. In 1895 the first grant was made by the newly appointed License Commission. On July ist, 1888. the so-called High License statute went into effect, affecting the licenses granted the following May. The first License Commission comprised : - ^John P. Sweeney, chairman ; Walter E. Parker and James E. Donoghue.

City Solicitors

*Resigned March 13th. tElected March 20th tOvfill vacancy. **Original ordinance, establishing office of City Solicitor, was repealed February 10, 1875. This ordinance had been adopted February 28, 1854. Office reestabhshed by ordinance February 18, 1878. During interval, 1875 - 'yy. it appears that attorneys were engaged as the occasion demanded.

Postmasters Of Lawrence

*When George A. Waldo was first appointed the Post-office, now designated as Lawrence, was known as Merrimack, the latter name being retained until the incorporation of the town in 1847.

General Statistics 233 State Senators And Representatives

Note : - -In the years not mentioned in the above list, the Senator serving came from elsewhere in the district. In the earlier years the Senatorial district, including Lawrence, comprised practically the whole of Essex County. Party designation is given where there has been a record of such.

General Statistics 235 Destructive Fires

1850 February 28. The Bangor block and five other houses on Common street, near Newbury, 12,000 August 16. Car shops of the Boston & Maine railroad, in South Lawrence, 25,000

185 1 February 11, The armory of the Lawrence Light Infantry, with its contents, and B. H. Clark's store on Merchants' row, consumed, 12.000

1871 June 23. The building at northeast corner of Common and Amesbury streets and Stowell's shop burned, 30,000 July 18. Clement & Cressey's shops in Essex yard, 17,000

1885 January i. Lawrence Lumber Co.'s building, Essex yard, also Briggs & Allyn's shops, 17,000 February 18. Russell paper mill. 30,000 March 18. Packard school house in South Lawrence, 25,000 September 12. Lee, Blackburn & Co.'s chemical works at which Fireman James Keegan lost his life by falling into a vat of vitriol.

November 13. Hartley Bros.' wool scouring mill on Island st., 13,500 1902 October 17. Hamblett Machine Co.'s shop on Island street, 14,000 Dec. 3c. F. P. Berry & Co.'s furniture store, and W. H. Godfrey's storehouse on Essex street, 15,800 1907 July 2;^. City Flour Mills on South Broadway totally destroyed, 90,000 September 11. Robertson & Sutherland Co.'s store on Essex st., 10,000

191 1 January 25. Plymouth fibre mills on Marston street, 41,000 August 3. Robertson & Sutherland Co.'s store on Essex street, 12,000 August 28. Bradley block of ten-footers on Essex street, 25,000 October 19. Archiliald Wheel Co.'s plant, 50,000 November 13. H. K. Webster's grain elevator and storehouse, 25,000 November 28. Regan Bros', foundry on Merrimack street, 11,000

1913 February 2. State Armory on Amesbury street, 10,000 February 7. Lawrence Street Congregational church totally destroyed. 23,000 May 4. M. J. Cahill's dry goods store on Essex street, 15,000 June 14. \J. S. Bobbin Co.'s shop on Lowell street, loooo

1916 March 31. Jak Katz and Joseph E. Walworth residences on Campo Seco street, former totally destroyed and Mrs. Aaron A. Currier and daughter. Ella Currier, burned to death, 20,000'

1917 July 31. Franklin House stal)le and adjoining property. 561 - 7 Common street. 16.000 November 14. R. J. Macartney Company's clothing store. 431 - 5

A. B. Sutherland Company

In the plant of the A. B. Sutherland Company, 309 - 2>-^ Essex St., Lawrence has one of the biggest department stores outside of Boston. The concern has almost an acre of selling space, occupying four floors and basement and having a frontage of 85 feet on the main street.

The concern was established in 1900, as Robertson, Sutherland & Co., it comprising Archibald M. Robertson, Andrew B. Sutherland and John J. Mathison. They took over the business of A. W. Stearns, one of Lawrence's pioneer merchants. The remarkable growth of A. B. SUTHERLAND ^j-^g concem is noted especially by

The first step toward expansion was taken in 1904 when possession of the adjoining four-story building was obtained. In 1912, more space was engaged on the upper floors of the Arlington Trust Company building. In 1909, the company was incorporated. In 191 6, Mr. Robertson retired, and the name of the firm was changed, in 1917, to the A. B. Sutherland Company. Mr. Sutherland is president, treasurer and manager; John J. Mathison, vice-president, and Airs. A. B. Sutherland, clerk.

The shopping advantages of this store have been influential in attracting shoppers from surrounding cities and towns. It is the city's largest mercantile establishment. It has 35 complete departments, selling practically everything that is carried in a modern department store, including women's, misses' and children's garments, millinery, dry goods, carpets, draperies, china, crockery, kitchen goods, groceries, etc.

It is reputed to be the best lighted store in New England. It is situated in the very heart of the business section, within easy access to the main thoroughfares and the railroad stations. All street cars pass its doors. Among its advantages is a prompt delivery service, with two deliveries daily in Lawrence and to the surrounding districts. The concern employs 150 people.

Michael T. Sullivan Michael J. Suluj'An, Inc

Lawrence's largest furniture house, and one of the biggest north of Boston, is the estabhshment of Michael J. Sullivan, Inc., 218-226 Essex street. This concern was first established in 1887, as a partnership, when Timothy J. Buckley, Michael A. McCormick and Michael J. Sullivan bought out the Inisiness of Patrick Sweeney at 222 Essex street. Four years later the firm took the adjoining store, 218-220 Essex street. The growth of the concern has been steady, and from time to time it has been necessary to secure additional floor space to meet the demand upon its facilities.

In 1901, upiMi the death of Mr. McCormick, the firm became known as Buckley & Sullivan. In 1914 Mr. Buckley retired from the business which was then incorporated, Mr. Sullivan taking into the firm some of the employes of long standing. The corporation took the name of Michael J. Sullivan, Inc., with Mr. Sullivan as president and treasurer, and Joseph R. Guilfoyle, secretary. The directors are M. J. Sullivan, A. M. Sullivan,]. R. Guilfoyle and John G. Praetz.

In the fall of 191 4 the large store west of the original location was added on the ground floor, giving a frontage of 90 feet on the main street. The entire four floors and basement have a floor space of about 35,000 square feet. Besides, two large storehouses are used to carry the extensive stock of the concern. The establishment is equipped with all the modern facilities. Its immense show windows and large ground area provide excellent means for displaying the stock. The concern carries a complete line of house furnishings, pianos, talking machines and office furniture. It is the sole agent in the city for most of the nationally advertised household specialties. It is reputed to be the leading rug and carpet house of Lawrence. An important department is the upholstering and cabinet-making, a feature of the business that has existed from the beginning.

The store attracts many buyers from surrounding cities and towns, it being widely known for its great variety of stock and its shopping advantages.

Reid & Hughes Company Leonard E. Bennink

The Reid & Hughes Company, 225-235 Essex street, is one of Lawrence's largest mercantile concerns. As a dry goods department store it is complete in every respect, and it stands high in the estimation of the purchasing public.

The business was founded in 1869 by Thomas Simpson and William Oswald who bought out the dry goods business of A. Sharpe at 213 Essex street, and started under the firm name of Simpson & Oswald. The concern soon outgrew the original quarters, and it moved to the present location, taking in Nos. 229, 231 and 2T^7^ of the present store. Additions were later made, east and west, until the entire street floor of the present establishment was occupied.

After a successful partnership of several years Mr. Simpson withdrew from the firm. Air. r)swald took over the entire business, conducting it until 1893 ^vhen, his health failing, he sold it to Reid & Hughes, leasing the building for 10 years with the proviso that he could take the business back at the end of that time should he choose to do so.