Lawrence City (part 1 of 2)

Lawrence City

master in one of the earliest terms of the grammarschool in Lawrence), studied engineering and architecture, and in 1845 removed to Lawrence and entered the service of the Essex Company, and after remaining with the company several years, opened an office on his own account. Most of the streets and building lots and sewers up to the time of his decease were surveyed and laid out by him, and he was the architect of the Court-house and Central Block. He was several years a member of the school committee, and in 1860 was elected mayor, serving during the first year of the war. Died January 18, 1868.

Morris Knowles, born in Northwood, N. H., came hither, also from Lowell, where he had been employed; and superintended all the wood-work of the large machine-shop buildings, and of all the large mills except the Bay State, and during the past year has been actively at work for the Arlington Company.

Stephen P. Simmons, a native of Rhode Island, came to Lawrence in 1847. He assisted in work on the dam, built the stone chimney of the Lawrence Machine-Shop Company, and other large amounts ot stone-work for the Essex Company. He also constructed Grace Episcopal Church, the stone church at Methuen and the foundations of the Lawrence jail.

Levi Sprague constructed the brick-work of the Atlantic mills and boarding-houses, and of the fifty brick tenements of the machine-shop, and was largely engaged otherwise in early building.

The first cashier of the company during its earliest and busiest years was Geo. D. Cabot, who resigned in January, 185;j, and after a short period of rest became agent of the Lawrence Gas Company. He was succeeded by John R. Rollins who remained somewhat more than eleven years till the summer of 1864, when Henry H. Hall became cashier, succeeded by Hon. Robert H. Tewksbury. Present organization, - Hon. Chas. S. Storrow, president; Howard Stockton, treasurer; Hiram F. Mills, chief engineer.

The first dwelling-houses erected after the incorporation of the company, were built by them on the westerly side of Broadway^ - ^one of which was occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Timothy Osgood, who for many years, there and later in another part of the city, kept an exceedingly good and popular boarding-house.

The first sale of land was made in April, 1846, to Samuel T. Merrill, who came from Georgetown, and on this he erected the first dwelling-house in town after those built by the Essex Company - others followed rapidly. But many came without pecuniary means, among them many Irish laborers, who must in some way be provided for - for them the Essex Company furnished a large tract on the south side of the river near the dam on which they might erect shanties, only on condition that liquors should not be sold on the premises. And the settlement thus formed with its quaint narrow avenues and rustic division fences was one of the most interesting spots in Lawrence, one which visiting strangers were always pleased to see.

These shanties were originally erected on the north side, but as the water was raised by the construction of the dam, and the territory west of the railroad was occasionally overflowed, the occupants removed to the south side to higher and dryer ground.

The writer has pleasant recollections of one of these men who was among the earliest to build a tasteful cottage, about which he arranged a pretty flower garden, and surrounded the premises with a neat, well-painted fence ; the interior wad as well arranged as the exterior, and he took much pride in this effort; some of his neighbors, however, thought he was " putting on too many airs," and annoyed him at first by defacing his work. This did not long continue ; their own ambition was stimulated, others purchased, new streets laid out, and the original shanties in a few years gave place entirely to substantial buildings.

Among the pioneers was Amos D. Pillsbury, of Georgetown, who came to procure a shop for the manufacture and repair of boots and shoes ; but finding no place wherein to commence work, he went to Newburyport, purchased a gondola, thirty-two by twelve feet, on which he built a "State-room," put in a stock of boots and shoes, leather, tools, cooking apparatus and provisions, arrived at the " New City " just before the first land sale, anchored in the river below the bridge, threw out his plank and commenced work. Here he continued till cold weather, when he removed to a store on Essex Street, which was then ready for his occupancy.

He built, in 1847, a building near the lower end of Common Street, and while Mr. H. D. Clement was building a house for his own use near by, he boarded with him for a short time. In a paper read before the Old Residents' Association, Mr. Clement thus speaks of him : " By persistent interviews with the proprietor I learned that the building was intended for the promotion of the arts and sciences, and for the physical, mental and moral impi'ovement of wayfaring men, and was to be called the Montezuma House. The builder himself was a problem past finding out. From his knowledge of ancient lore, and his love of the fine arts, he might have been a pupil of some of the old masters. From his apt quotations of Scripture, his fluency of speech and his broad philosophy, he might have been mistaken for a clergyman, while from his good looks, his pleasing manners and his generous sympathy for all man and womankind, he might have been taken for one of our pioneer physicians; and from his knowledge of law and politics, and his skill in mystifying the truth, he might have been taken for one of our early Lawrence lawyers. He must have been intended by nature for one of our greatest men, with some unaccountable mistake made in finishing. As the building progressed, I noticed the absence of plan or system, and the eccentric oddity of its owner, conspicuous in all its parts. The frame from its odd appearance, might have done service at some remote age in the past; the usual order of proceeding was reversed by commencing at the top and leaving off at the cellar, it being raised and the roof covered before the cellar was dug, and although I could not understand tl^ principle of gravitation and cohesion that was to keep it up and together, yet he could explain it in the most satisfactory way. After a slight application of Spanish brown paint, and the word Montezuma in large letters somewhere, though not where one would expect to see it, the building was completed.

" I sought shelter there late one night, was kindly received by the proprietor, who seemed to combine within himself the offices of usher, steward, male and female waiters, and sometimes hostler, wan shown to a very small room, and was soon asleep, without examining the surroundings. On waking the next morning I found the room had been newly plastered the day previous, the bed clothes wet and slightly frozen, and myself with a cold in the head, but thought myself fortunate in being able to obtain such accommodations, and secured them until my own house should be finished.

'- The furniture was of unique style and of ancient date, each piece having a history of its own. The ornaments were numerous and varied, consisting largely of mottoes and emblems, both sacred and i>rofane, usually a mixture of both which none could explain or interpret so well as the host himself. He had also in and about the premises a good supply of cats, dogs, fowls of various kinds, also several kinds of wild animals, whose habits he could explain admirably when he chose to do so, which was not often.

The tables were an important part of the domestic arrangements, as all seemed to be hungry at that time, though there were not so many thirsty ones as appeared later, and although it was a mystery sometimes hard to solve whether our food was flesh, fish or fowl, and harder yet to learn how it was cooked, and though we could find no fault with the tea or coffee, not knowing the name of the liquid set before us, it all served an excellent purpose' and was sure to find a ready market.

There was a furnished room in the basement front, but for what purposes it was used were beyond my ability to discover. Some inquiries were made if liquor was not sold there, but I think there could not be, as liquor selling and liquor drinking seemed to be the special abhorrence of the proprietor, and I looked in several times without seeing any signs of the traffic; besides there was an emblem hanging on the wall which forbade such a conclusion : it was a painted circle with a black dot near the lower edge, which by his interpretation signified departed spirits. From some of the religious mottoes on the wall, and the free quotations of Scripture by the proprietor, the company might sometimes be taken for a religious class-meeting; from the pictures of fast horses and rare animals, and the appearance of the company at other times they might have been considered sporting characters ; while from the mysterious emblems around, and in connection with remarks and explanations thereon by the owner, they might have been mistaken for a branch of the Concord School of Philosophy.

Horace Greeley visited the new city about this time, and on inquiring for the first class hotel was referred by the hackman to the Shawsheen house, and asking if they sold liquor there was answered " yes." On inquiring for the second class hotel he was referred to the Oak Street House, and repeating his inquiry was again answered in the affirmative, and on inquiring for the next house was referred to the Montezuma, and asking the same question was answered in the negative, and the coachman was ordered to drive him there. I did not witness his reception, but it must have been interesting if the host knew his guest. If this original genius did not know how to keep a hotel he certainly knew many other things, and I feel sure we shall never look upon his like again. After leaving Lawrence he purchased an island near where Rowley River enters Plum Island Sound, where he spends his later days with some congenial spirits and calls it the Isle of Patmos.

The first dry goods dealer on the ground was Artemas W. Stearns (born in Hill, N. H.), who opened a store on Amesbury Street in 1846. Mr. Stearns erected the building on Essex Street in 1854, which he still occupies, actively engaged in business. The building was enlarged in 1877, and is being still further enlarged and improved, 1887, presenting one of the finest fronts on the street.

The oldest clothing dealer in the city is Captain William R. Spalding (born in Milton, N. H.), who came also in 1846, and still continues in the business.

Another early trader was John C. Dow, who opened and conducted for several years a book and stationery store. John Colby opened one a few months previously. Mr. Dow subsequently (1872) changed to his present business, a dealer in crockery and glassware.

Among the early physicians and surgeons the first to settle here was Dr. Moses L. Atkinson, born in Newbury, Mass., July 14, 1814, graduated at Dartmouth College, 1838, and Harvard Medical School, 1844 ; commenced practice in Lawrence, 1846, and died July 13, 1852, aged thirty-eight. Others early on the ground were J. S. Curtis, E. W. Morse, G. W. Sanborn, J. Brown, Charles Murch, E. B. Allen, A. D.

Lawrence

Blauchard, who relinquished practice for other business; William D. Lamb, who has retired from practice and removed to Southbridge ; Julius H. Morse, deceased ; Seneca Sargent, born 1803, commenced practice 1826, one of the first settlers of Lawrence, where he died August 7, 1873 ; Isaac Tewksbury, born 1795, studied with Dr. Robinson, of West Newbury, and Kittredge, of Andover, commenced practice in New Hampshire, 1817, came to Lawrence 1847, was in continuous practice between sixty and seventy years ; Aaron Ordway, born 1814, came to Lawrence, 1847, as an apothecary and botanic physician, and continued in the business for about twenty-five years, retiring and devoting himself to other pursuits ; David Dana graduated from Harvard Medical School 1847, and after practicing a year in public institutions in Boston came to Lawrence, and is the only one remaining of the early physicians now in active practice. He served in the Civil War two years as surgeon of the First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery ; he was the first city physician of Lawrence, and also the first appointed for the jail and house of correction.

Among the early attorneys were Daniel Saunders, Jr., who was on the ground before the Essex Company was formed, mayor in 1860 ; Joseph Couch, the first trial justice ; Henry Flanders, afterwards somewhat prominent in Philadelphia; Charles Stark Newell, Avho removed to New York City; Dan. Weed, who removed to Washington, where he died September 5, 1884 ; Parley S. Chase ; Joseph F. Clark ; Thomas A. Parsons, retired to a farm in Derry, N. H. ; David J. Clark, graduated at Dartmouth College 1836, came to Lawrence 1847, removed to Manchester, N. H., 1850, in partnership with his brother, Hon. Daniel Clark, was postmaster at Manchester 1866, deceased ; Ivan Stevens, graduated at Dartmouth College 1842, read law with Hon. James Bell and Hon. Amos Tuck, commenced practice in Lawrence 1846, died April, 1880 ; Thomas Wright, born in Lowell, educated at Harvard University, studied law with his father, a very prominent lawyer in Lowell, came to Lawrence 1846, represented the city in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and the district four times in the Senate ;' VVm. H. P. Wright, brother of the preceding, educated at Cambridge, came to Lawrence 1847, continued his studies with Hon. Daniel Saunders and with Wright & Flanders, was in partnership with his brother till 1861, when he was elected mayor and served with earnestness and marked ability during two years of the war, represented the city in the Legislature 1867-68, and w^as one of the associate justices of the Police Court; Benjamin Boardman; Benjamin W. Ball; Nathan W. Harmon.^

This ^as the only store of its kind for nearly six months, and its ledger contained upwards of six hundred names before another store was opened. In addition to groceries Mr. Crosby appears to have been the first ice dealer, offering to supply ice from his two ice houses, one situated on the south side of the river below his store, the other at his farm in North Andover, filled with "lake ice." This store and stock was purchased in 1850 by Joseph Shattuck, who, with his brother, Charles W. Shattuck, have conducted the business since, first at South Lawrence, and later in a new brick building built by them on Essex Street, till 1887, when thej^ retired, and were succeeded by Henry A. Buell & Co., who had elsewhere in the city been long engaged.

Another early dealer was Charles Smith, who came early from Lowell and yet remains here, having also retired after a very active and busy life.

The first lumber dealer, Mr. Hezekiah Plummer, born in that part of Andover now included in Lawrence. He was engaged in the manufacture of sashes and blinds, &c., in 1846, but soon erected a steam mill in South Lawrence for supplying lumber for the growing wants of the new town. Besides those not elsewhere mentioned many others have been prominent, many of them residents for a long period and actively engaged in business, contributing their share to its material growth and prosperity. Among them may be named one of the earliest dealers in dry goods, Joseph O'Hea Cantillon, born in Ireland, 1810, came to Lawrence, 1846, was a leading spirit among his countrymen and popular with all classes ; be was a very active man in temperance work and public affairs, and was one of the board of assessors in 1854. He removed to the West, was at one time mayor of the city of Dubuque, Iowa, died in 1879. John J. Dolaud, born in Derry, N. H., August 29, 1826, came to Lawrence, 1849, from Manchester, where he had been employed in the Amoskeag Mills. He was an overseer in the Atlantic Mills till 1871. _Mr. Doland was a descendant of patriotic ancestors, and is the oldest lineal descendant of one who fought in the Revolutionary War. He was a member of the distinguished military order of the Cincinnati. Eben L. Chapman, J. Merrill Currier, Milton Bonney* (mayor in 1865), William P. Clark, Peter Holihan, Patrick Sweeney, Jordan Bros., Henry M. Whitney, J. P. Kent,* William H. Bridgman,* Dana Sargent (afterward mayor of Nashua, died November 23, 1884), John Beetle (died June 20, 1879), John F. Bingham, George B. Smart, John Kiley,* John B. Atkinson,* Alonzo Briggs (deputy sheriff), Martin Bros., Albin Yeaw, Charles R. Mason, E. J. Mason (died December 4, 1880), David S. Swan,* James A. Treat (died April 24, 1886), Henry Barton, Byron Truell (House of Representatives 1875, 1876, Senator 1877, 1878), Simpson & Oswald, Rufus Reed (died 1886), Charles

A. Brown (now of Portland), Joseph Norris,* Carney Bros., William A. Kimball* (died March 6, 1880), J. Smith Field, Horatio Smith,* Amasa Bryant,* John Gale,* A. A. Lamprey, James E. Simpson (mayor 1878, '79, '80, '85), J. G. Abbott, J. Clinton White, M. P. Merrill* (many years an assessor, died June 14, 1886), Levi Emery,* George W. Hills, John F. Cogswell, William E. Gowing, Lawson Eice, Eobert E. Whittier, Eobert M. Bailey, N. B. Gordon. Another of the oldest residents is Samuel M. Davis, who was an engineer on the Boston and Maine Eailroad, came to Lawrence in 1847, and ran the first locomotive into town over the new railroad bridge. Captain John Smith, one of the earliest, who came in 1845, died September 19, 1879, aged eighty-seven. Ford Bros., Joseph Stowell, Albert Emerson, G. W. Chandler, Walker* and Freeman Flanders, H. J. Couch, Alonzo Winldey, John Daly, Henry A. Prescott and Moses Wingate.

The first marriage in town took place May 15, 1847. The parties were Mr. James M. Currier of Lawrence and Miss Mary E. Libbey of Conway, N. H. Eev. John C. Phillips was the officiating clergyman. The first public marriage occurred October 17, 1847, at the Baptist Chapel. Mr. Edwin E. Gage of Lawrence and Mrs. Abby B. Eichardson of Methuen were married by Eev. John G. Eichardson of the Baptist Church.

Mr. William W. Dean of the firm of Dean & Hazeltine, on Broadway, is the first child born of American parents in Lawrence, having been born in April, 1847. Mr. A. Joplin of Hampton comes next, who was born in February, 1848.

To go further into details, or to name even the various merchants and mechanics who have grown with the growth of the town and city would be making a directory, which would be foreign to the purpose of the present article.

" For Lowell, every day 6 and 10 A. M., 2}4 and 4 P. M., and on Sunday 8 A. M., Currier & Abbey, Proprietors, Chamberlain & Charles, Drivers.

Boston and Maine Eailroad was extended into Lawrence early in 1848. Lowell and Lawrence Eailroad was opened July 2, 1848, and extended to North Lawrence in 1879. Essex Eailroad to Salem opened September 4, 1848. Manchester and Lawrence completed October, 1849. The Merrimack Valley Horse Eailroad was incorporated in 1863, charter renewed 1866. The incorporators were George D. Cabot, Wm.

H. P. Wright and Wm. E. Spalding, and the road was opened for travel from the Paper-Mills to Methuen, 1867 ; extended to North Andover, 1868; and to South Lawrence, 1876. Additional facilities for travel have been furnished by further extensions in 1887. The enterprise of doubtful issue at first has proved remunerative, and the stock has advanced materially in value. Wm. A. Eussell has been president and James H. Eaton treasurer from the beginning.

Hotels. - Before operations commenced by the Essex Company, there were two hotels, the Shawsheen House (now called Eevere) and the Essex House, since converted into a dwelling-house, situated in South Lawrence, on the old Londonderry turnpike (now Broadway). The first hotel built by the company, the Franklin House, was opened November 1, 1847, by Major T. J. Coburn, previously of the Eastern Exchange Hotel, Boston. It has been since kept by J. L. Huntress, Charles B. Melvin, JefTord M. Decker, Col. Larrabee (formerly of the Merrimack House, Lowell), Thomas W. Huse and is now conducted by Mrs. C. E. Huse.

The Merrimack House was built about the same time at the corner of Broadway and Tremont Street ; this was burned in 1849 and was not rebuilt. The United States, another large building in Essex Street, nearly completed but not occupied, was also burned in 1859. It was somewhat imposing in its external appearance, but very cheaply built, and almost as soon as touched by fire fell in ruins, as it deserved, but unfortunately causing the loss of life of three persons.^ Hotels have since multiplied, and we have now on the main business street the Essex, Central and Brunswick, besides many others of less prominence in other parts of the city.

The Lawrence post-office was opened for the first time September 7, 1846, by George A. Waldo, postmaster. He remained in office three years. William Pierce, of Andover, followed for six months, when Nathaniel Wilson followed and served four years. Mr. Wilson was the first druggist in town, and was for eight years city treasurer. By a change of administration Major B. F. Watson became postmaster, and held the office eight years. He was succeeded by Major George S. Merrill, who retained the position twenty-six years, from 1861 to 1887, when Patrick Murphy, who had been city treasurer from 1883, was appointed to the place.

From the first sale of lands, April 28, 1846, to October 10, 1846, the growth of the new settlement had been so rapid that the population had increased from less than two hundred to about twenty-five hundred, and there had been erected one hundred and thirtyfive stores, shops and dwelling-houses. The obvious inconvenience of taxation, education, etc., in two sep-

As early as February, 1847, a town-meeting was called to see what action the town would take on the petition of Chas. S. Storrow and others to be set off in a new town by the name of Lawrence. The meeting was well attended, from two hundred to three hundred being present. John Davis was chosen to preside, and the meeting was addressed by George A. Waldo, J. W. Carlton and John Tenney, all in opposition to the proposed division. Messrs. Waldo and Tenney were chosen a committee to take all honorable and legal measures to thwart the design of the petitioners, and to employ counsel if necessary.

The opposition was unavailing, and on the 17th of April, 1847, the Legislature of Massachusetts granted a charter to the town of Lawrence, of which the following is a copy : (Other names had been suggested, such as Essex and Merrimack, but Lawrence was adopted in honor of the original founders.)

" SiiCTiON I. All the territory now within the towns of Methuen and Andover, in the County of Essex, comprised within the following limits : that is to say, by a line beginning at the mouth of Shawsheen River, at its Easterly bank, thence running Southerly by Said Easterly bank to a Stake at the bend in Said River, a few rods westerly of the bridge where it is crossed by the Salem Turnpike, thence in a straight line westerly to a marked stone in the wall at the Easterly corner of the intersection of roads by Jacob Barnai-d's house: thence Northerly in a straight line across Merrimack River, passing between the house of Asa Barker and that of Ebenezer Barker, on the Tower Hill road, leading from Methuen to Lowell, to a stake about 21.iO feet Northerly from where the line crosses said road : thence Northeasterly to a monument on the Easterly side of Londonderry Turnpike, passing a little northerly of the house of Abiel Stevens : thence Easterly in a straight line to a monument at the intersection of Lawrence Street with the old road which runs easterly from Stevens' factory toward Haverhill : thence in a straight line, easterly, passing north of William Swan's house through a monument about 400 feet south of the intersection of the roads near said Swan's house, to the line of the town of Andover in Merrimack River: thence running by the said line of Andover westerly to the easterly bank of the Shawsheen River at the point of starting: is hereby incorporated into a town by the name of Lawrence : and the said town of Lawrence is hereby invested with all the privileges, powers, rights and immunities, and subject to all the duties and requisitions to which other towns are entitled and subject, by the constitution and laws of this Commonwealth.

" Section 2. The town of Lawrence shall make and maintain all bridges for public highways over the Shawsheen River, so far as the easterly bank of said river is a boundary of the said town, including the masonry of said bridges on the easterly bank thereof.

" Section 3. The inhabitants of the said town of Lawrence shall be holden to pay all arrears of taxes which have been legally assessed upon them by the towns of Methuen and Andover respectively : and all taxes heretofore assessed, and not collected, shall be collected and paid to the treasurer of the towns of Methuen and Andover respec tively, in the same manner as if the act had not been passed : and also their proportion of all County and State taxes that may be assessed upon them previously to the next State valuation - that is to say, two-thirds of the State and county taxes that may be assessed upon the town of Methuen, and one-eighth of the State and County taxes that may be assessed on the town of Andover, till the next State valuation.

" Section 4. The parts of the said town of Lawrence now belonging to the towns of Methuen and Andover, respectively, shall remain parts of the said towns of Methuen and Andover, for the purpose of electing State officers, senators, representatives to Congress, and electors of president and vice-president of the United States until the next decennial census shall be taken in pursuance of the 13th Article of Amendment to the Constitution : and the meetings for the choice of such representatives and other officers aforesaid, shall be called by the selectmen of said towna, respectively : the selectmen of Lawrence shall make a true list of persons belonging to the territory of each of said towns hereby incorporated into the town of Lawrence, qualified to vote at every such election, and the same shall be taken and used by the selectmen of said respective towns for such elections, in the same manner as if prepared by themselves.

Sections. The said towns of Methuen, Andover and Lawrence shall be respectively liable for the support of all who now do or shall hereafterstand in need of relief as paupers, whose settlement was gained by, or derived from a residence within their respective limits ; and the said town of Lawrence shall, within one year from the time of its organization under this act, pay to the town of Methueh one thousand dollars as and for their just proportion of the debts of the town of Methuen, owing at the time of the passage of this Act, exclusive of the amount of the surplus revenue of the United States in the treasury of the town of Methuen : and the town of Lawrence shall also pay twothirds of the amount of said surplus revenue whenever its repayment shall be demanded by the United States according to law: and shall also pay to the town of Methuen the amount that said town shall pay for building Haverhill Street, so called, within the limits of the said town of Lawrence, as ordered by the County Commissioners for the County of Essex.

"Section 6. Any justice of the peace in the County of Essex is hereby authorized to issue his warrant to any principal inhabitant of the town of Lawrence, requiring him to notify and warn the inhabitants thereof, qualified to vote in town affairs, to meet at the time and place therein appointed, for the purpose of choosing all such town officers as towns are by law authorized and required to choose at their annual meetings : and such justice, or, in his absence, such principal inhabitant, shall preside till the choice of a moderator in said meeting.

Town Officers From 1847 To 1853

1852. Selectmen : - 'Wn\. R. Page, Levi Sprague, Joseph Norris. School Committee: - Rev. Geo. Tackard, A. D. Blanchard, Rev. Samuel Kelley, Nathan W. Harmon, John A. Goodwin. Toivn Clerks and Treasurers .- - Geo. W. Benson, clerk, Geo. W. Sanborn, treasurer and collector, Ivan Stevens, auditor.

During the continuance of the town government the population increased from six thousand in 1848 to nearly thirteen thousand in 1853. And to any one familiar with the routine, of town government, it will be apparent that the officers of the new town had plenty of employment, - constant meetings in the early years, for organization, to provide for schools, cemetery, po- lice and the usual concomitants of advancing civilization, lockups or prisons for the turbulent and unruly, erection of public buildings, building of roads, etc., all expenditures of the public money being voted upon by the people in town-meeting assembled. The inconvenience of this method of conducting affairs led the people to apply for a city charter, which was granted, and the act signed by Governor Clifford March 21, 1853.

Besides the inconvenience of attending frequent meetings, vexatious delays were liable to occur, in consequence of the rancor of party spirit, and the old saying, "in the multitude of counselors ther.e is wisdom," proved not always true. This was amusingly and provokingly illustrated in the attempt to fix the location of the town hall, and in the refusal to accept from the Essex Company the gift of the common. But no meeting of the people was perhaps more exciting than the meeting of 1852 (the last under town government). Mr. Hayes, in his "Sketches of Lawrence," printed in 1868, gives the following account of the meeting : " Early in the day Mr. B. F. Watson, the leader of the Democrats, made some motion intended to give advantage to his party, and was declared out of order. Exasperated at his failure, he planted himself in the way to the polls, and in a loud voice announced, ' There shall be no voting here today,' and called upon his friends to block the passage to the ballot-box. The hall was filled with excited men, who rushed to the point where Watson was standing. A party fight on an extended scale seemed almost unavoidable, when above the din of the angry tumult the clear, calm voice of William R. Page (chairman of the selectmen) echoed through the hall, 'Gentlemen will bring in their votes.' Instantly General Oliver started for the ballot-box, and, after a severe struggle, finally arrived at the object of his aim, but minus his coat-tail.

"The incident opei'ated like magic in allaying the disturbance. All parties regarded it as a joke worth laughing at, and as the two emotions - laughter and anger - cannot exist together, order was far more easily restored than the coat-tail. Probably not a man in Lawrence, who esteemed order as a law of heaven, felt any regret that a town organization, which drew together in one hall all the voters of the place, was to give way to a division of these voters into wards under a city organization."

The first election of city officers was held April 18, 1853, and the new government was inaugurated May 10th. Three parties presented candidates for mayor, Charles S. Storrow, treasurer of the Essex Company, being the candidate of the Whig party, Enoch Bartlett of the Democratic, and James K. Barker of the Free Soil or Anti -Slavery party. Mr. Storrow was elected, and associated with him in the Board of Aldermen were George D. Cabot, Albert Warren, E. B. Herrick, Alvah Bennett, Walker Flanders and S. S. Valpey ; and in the Common Council were Josiah

Osgood (president), Nathaniel G. White (many years president of the Boston and Maine Railroad), Dana Sargent (subsequently mayor of Nashua), William R. Spalding, Elkanah F. Bean, Daniel Hardy, Isaac K. Gage and others, the members of both boards being selected by the people more with a view to their business capacity than to their political activity, and forming an exceptionally capable government for starting the machinery of the new city.

Children

the simple restrictions that it should not be diverted from its purpose, or built upon, that the town should expend a small sum, not less than two hundred dollars, annually for its improvement, and that it should be under the care of a committee consisting of the chairman of the selectmen or mayor, the agents of the Essex Company, the Atlantic and Bay State Mills. At a town-meeting in September, 1848, the town, on motion of some scheming politicians, voted not to accept the gift ! At a subsequent meeting in October the people, awake to the ridiculous position in which the town had been placed, reversed the decision, for which action all who have since resided here have been grateful. The several committees have taken much interest in improving and beautifying it, and much larger sums of money have been appropriated for the purpose than were required by the terms of the gift. Perhaps no one in the earlier days devoted more time and attention to the planting and rearing of the noble trees which now shade its broad avenues than Levi Sprague, one of the selectmen in 1848, '49, and Gen. H. K. Oliver, then agent of the Atlantic Mills ; though others have in various ways contributed their share. The trees around the pond were planted under the direction of Mayor W. H. P. Wright. The unsightly wooden fence was removed during the mayoralty of Hon. John K. Tarbox, and the present curbstone substituted. For the pond on the Common the citizens are indebted to the exertions of the late Dr. J. H. Morse, who obtained by subscription half of the cost, the city appropriating the balance in 1857.

Another tract of ten acres, Storrow Park, on Prospect Hill, was deeded by the Essex Company to the city in 1853. This is in part shaded by trees, young oaks of native growth, is on high land, and commands pleasant views of the busy town below.

"The Amphitheatre," so-called, sometimes named Happy Valley, was dedicated to public use in 1873, by the company. This is a beautifully located tract in the western part of the city, inclosed on three sides by a ridge of hills giving it the resemblance from which it was named. This tract embraces seven acres, and forms a pleasant and quiet retreat for the citizens of that region.

Another park, the finest of all except the Common, now owned by the Essex Company in South Lawrence, comprises eleven and a quarter acres, and is named Union Park ; bounded by South Union, Osgood, Salem and Market Streets.

Cemetery. - In 1847 the town purchased five acres of land in the western part of the city for burial purposes. This has been gradually enlarged until Bellevue Cemeterrj has, by judicious management and constant, but continued, improvement by the city and the good taste of the citizens, become a very beautiful resting-i:)lace for the dead, a spot where the grave is robbed of half its horrors by the beauty of the surroundings, and where one, in the language of Bryant, might feel that he " could wrap the drapery of his couch around him and lie down to pleasant dreams." West of this is St. Mary's Cemetery, and still further west, partly in Methuen is the cemetery of the Church of the Immaculate Conception, both of which have much improved.

The city also, in anticipation of prospective wants, has purchased in North Andover about ninety acres, at a spot known in the vicinity as Den Rock. This is somewhat difficult of access, but callable of becoming in the future an appropriate place, and from its natural scenery may be made, by the aid of art, a beautiful ground for the purpose intended.

Banks. - The first bank, the Bay State, incorporated February 10, 1847, was located at a point very nearly corresponding with the geographical centre of the city, the junction of Lawrence and Essex Streets. Its capital was originally two hundred thousand dollars, increased to five hundred thousand dollars, and subsequently reduced to three hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars, the par value of the shares being at present seventy-five dollars each. The first president was Hon. Charles S. Storrow, who resigned after twenty years of service, and was succeeded in 1867 by Hon. George L. Davis. Nathaniel White, the first cashier, Avas previous to this cashier of the Powow River Bank at Salisbury, to which office he was appointed on the organization of the bank in 1836. He was succeeded by Charles A. Colby, who had been several years teller of the bank, and on Mr. Colby's resignation and removal to New York City, Mr. Samuel White, then of Haverhill, was elected cashier and is still in service.

Intimately connected with this bank was the first institution for savings in Lawrence, the Essex Savings Bank. This bank was incorporated in March, and organized September, 1847, and for a long period its business was managed by the prt-sident and cashier of the Bay State Bank at their rooms. James H. Eaton was appointed assistant treasurer in 1865, and on the decease of Mr. White he became treasurer, 1866. George D. Cabot succeeded Mr. Storrow in the presidency, and after faithful service of about twenty-five years, including eleven years as president, he resigned, and was succeeded by Joseph Shattuck, who has since remained in office. This savings bank is the oldest in the city, its deposits amount to more than four millions of dollars, and it has never omitted a dividend.

The National Pemberton Bank was organized in 1854, Levi Sprague being the president from the beginning to the present time. The first cashier was Samuel C. Woodward, who was succeeded by William H. .laquith. James M. Coburn followed Mr. Jaquith, and remained till 1879, when he went to a more promising field in the West, and J. A. Perkins has been cashier since that date. The capital of this bank is one hundred and fifty thous^and dollars. Number of shares, fifteen hundred.

The Lawrence National Bank was organized in February, 1872. Dr. A. J. French was president till 1878, when he was succeeded by Artemas W. Stearns, who yet retains the office. P. G. PilLsbury was cashier till 1879, when, having been turned from the path of duty by the glittering allurements of Western mining; schemes, his connection with the bank ceased. No loss was incurred by the bank, however, as the directors paid personally all remaining deficiencies. John R. Rollins, who had been thirteen years cashier at the Pacific Mills, succeeded Pillsbury, and after a service of nearly eight years was succeeded in 1887 by H. Leslie Sherman. The capital stock of this bank is three hundred thousand dollars, in three thousand shares.

The Pacific National Bank was organized January, 1877. President, James H. Kidder ; Cashier, William H. Jaquith, formerly of the Pemberton. Fifteen hundred shares, one hundred dollars each.

Lawrence Savings Bank, organized 1868. Milton Bonney was its first president. Mr. Bonney died, and Hezekiah Plummer has since been president, while William R. Spalding has been the treasurer from the beginning.

The Broadway Savings Bank commenced business in 1872. John Fallon, then agent of the Pacific Mills, was chosen president, and so remains. The treasurers have been James Payne, John L. Brewster and the present treasurer, Gilbert E. Hood.

Fire Department. - Before the organization of the town the Essex Company took early steps to protect themselves against fire by purchasing the engine " Essex," which was manned by persons in the employ of the company. As soon as the town government was fairly s'arted fire-wards were appointed, viz. : William M. Kimball, Josiah Johnson, Nathaniel Wilson, Charles Smith and Samuel I. Thompson ; and a committee consisting of William M. Kimball, Nathaniel Wilson and Caleb M. Marvel was appointed to purchase engine and apparatus, and erect a house for the same.

In 1848 the Legislature passed an act establishing the Fire Department of Lawrence. In November, 1847, the committee above named purchased two engines - "Rough and Ready," located on Newbury Street, afterward removed to Garden Street (and at a still later date the name was changed to " Niagara"), and "Syphon," located on Oak Street. In 1850 a fourth engine, "Tiger," was placed in South Lawrence.

In 1851 the Essex Company, the Atlantic and Bay State Mills, for still further protection, built a reservoir on Prospect Hill, holding one million gallons, and connected it by proper pipes with pumps operated by the mills ; a company was subsequently formed under the name of the Lawrence Reservoir Association, and operated by associated corporations. The reservoir was designed for the benefit of the corporation solely, not being of sufficient capacity for general use; but the company generously allowed pipes and hydrants in several of the principal streets to be used exclusively in case of fire, and they also allowed the use of water without charge for the pond on the Common. Edward B. Herrick, of the Bay State Mills, was agent for the company from the beginning till his death, November, 1878 ; he was succeeded by Mr. Rollins, who served till June, 1879, when the care of the reservoir was placed in the hands of Mr. Rogers, the agent of the City Water Works.

The first chief of engineers was Williiim M. Kimball, - others have been James D. Herrick, Samuel I. Thompson, Luther Ladd (who had been connected with the Fire Department from the beginning, and served in all seventeen years as chief). Colonel L. D. Sargent, Benjamin Booth, George K. Wiggin, Albert R. Brewster, Colonel Melvin Beal, Michael F. Collins, Dennis Wholley and William E. Heald. The present chief is Z. Taylor Merrill.

Under the former organization, with the hand engines, about two hundred and fifty men were employed, and in their trials of skill, as well as at fires, there was a friendly rivalry among the companies, each striving to be first on the ground and earnest to get the first stream upon the fire, plenty of noise and fun, not only among the firemen, but from their adherents, who, proud of the " machine" from their own district, usually accompanied in crowds to cheer them on, so that, whether by night or day, with bells ringing and the cheers of crowds, pandemonium seemed to have broken loose.

After the invention and introduction of steam fireengines, " those fleshless arms whose pulses beat with floods of living fire," all this was changed, and while by no means depreciating the promptitude and efficiency of the older department, fires are now managed with much less confusion, with far greater efficiency, and with less than half the number of men.

The department now embraces five powerful steamengines (the first purchased in 1860, two more in 1862, the fourth in 1864, fifth in 1871), one chemical engine with double tanks of seventy-five gallons each, built in 1880, two hook-and-ladder companies; - four engines and one hook-and-ladder company in active service, the others held in reserve. The fire-alarm telegraph was introduced in 1859, and the apparatus was put up by Mr. J. H. Stevens, under contract with the Gamewell Fire-Alarm Company, at a cost to the city of eight thousand dollars. This has been gradually extended, until now fifty alarm-boxes warn the department of the locality of a fire, and avoid many fatal delays.

Water-works. - As early as 1848 a plan was formed for supplying the town with water, and a charter was granted that year to John Tenney, of Methuen, Alfred Kittredge, of Haverhill, Daniel

Saunders, of Lawrence, and others, under the name of the Lawrence Aqueduct Company. The plan of introducing water from Haggett's Pond was found impracticable and the enterprise abandoned. In 1858 a petition from prominent citizens was laid before the city government, requesting that steps be taken for a supply of water. The formidable expense that would be incurred led the government to consider the petition as premature, and nothing was done.

In 1871-72 the subject was again agitated, and with good reason ; in twenty-five years of rapid growth large numbers of the wells had become mere cesspools, and the water unfit for drinking or culinary purposes, especially in the compact portions of the city. A petition to the Legislature resulted in an " Act to supply the city of Lawrence with water " was passed and approved by the Governor March 8, 1872. This act was accepted by the legal voters, twelve hundred and ninety-eight voting in favor and eight hundred and thirty in opposition. In June a joint committee, consisting of Aldermen James Payne and James A. Treat, and L. D. Sargent, Henry J. Couch and George W. Russell, of the Common Council, was appointed to obtain estimates of cost, etc. An engineer, L. Frederick Rice, of Boston, was consulted, the committee made an elaborate report, and in April, 1873, an ordinance was passed providing for the election of water commissioners, and in May the Board of Commissioners was organized, with William Barbour chairman, Patrick Murphy clerk and Morris Knowles.

The water is taken from the Merriraac River at a point about three-quarters of a mile above the dam, where, in a building of brick, are placed two pumping engines, built by I. P. Morris & Co., of Phihidelphia (Leavitt's patent), capable of forcing two hundred thousand gallons per hour each, from the river to the reservoir on Bodwell's Hill, about a mile irom the centre of the city, the water being conveyed in a pipe thirty inches in diameter and about five thousand feet in length.

The reservoir is constructed in two divisions, either of which may be used independently of the other - both having a capacity of thirty-nine million gallons. From this reservoir cast-iron pipes convey the water to the various parts of the city, on both sides of the river.

In 1875 an ordinance was passed establishing rates and providing for the permanent management of the works ; and a Water Board was appointed, consisting of Milton Bonney, Robert H. Tewksbury, N. P. H. Melvin, William Barbour and James Payne - one member retiring each year.

works have proved of great value to the city in furnishing an abundant supply of water for domestic purposes, and in the protection afforded against tire. On January 4, 1886, nearly five hundred hydrants had been placed (Lowry pattern), seventeen drinking fountains established, fifty-two miles of main pipe laid, and a supply of water furnished to about thirty-five thousand persons in families and boardinghouses.

Sanitary Arrakgements. - Early provision was made by the corporation for the cleanliness of their premises and the sanitary condition of dwellinghouses. In the construction of sewers the Bay State Mills expended thirty thousand dollars ; and in the construction of other blocks, the first thing was to build beneath the cellars a sewer, through which a swift current of water flows, carrying away at once all waste into the Merrimac River. In the construction of sewers, however, some mistakes were made by the different city governments. Several sewers and many drains opened into the Spicket River; this being a sluggish stream, especially between the dams, and oftentimes low, became in time an open sewer, rendering the valley in its neighborhood not only offensive, but dangerous to health. One of our local poets (truly not a yery poetical subject) thus wrote of it:

Bid Wiish Cologne's foul river, Rhiue ; Nor will benign Supernal powers Conspire to cleanse this Rhine of ours, Whose sickening tides, it is well known, Are foul as ever washed Cologne. - They scored but two and seventy stenches there.

For several years the selectmen and Board of Aldermen were the health officers. With all their other duties, proper attention could not be given to sanitarymatters. Since the organization of a special Board of Health much more time has been devoted to thia subject, and the city will compare favorably in this regard with other municipalities.

Police Department. - In the early years of Lawrence every one was too busy to be engaged in roguery, and in subsequent years a vigilant and efficient police has preserved good order, seldom disturbed by any very notable events. One of the earliest attempts at burglary was an effort to rob the Essex Co.'s safe. The company at that time occupied the one-story building near the guard locks. The plan was frustrated by Marshal Tukey, of Boston, and two notorious burglars, who for a considerable period had baffled the marshal's efforts, were captured.

In the second year of the city government (1854) a disturbance occurred which came near proving a serious riot. A flag had been discovered, Union down, on a building on Oak Street, supposed to have been raised purposely by an Irishman (really by an American) as an insult to the flag. A crowd soon assembled composed of the more excitable element of the Know-Nothings (literal know-nothings, since they had not taken the trouble to ascertain truth) ; collision ensued, and on Common Street the front of one building (Bangor Block so-called) was considerably damaged. Stones were freely used, and some shots were exchanged ; the riot act was read by Mayor Bartlett and the crowd dispersed. Fearing further trouble, about three hundred extra policemen were sworn in, but no further disturbance occurred, and the skies once more shone benignantly over a bloodless field.

Again, in 1875 a small body of Orangemen, returning from a picnic, Avere assaulted by a crowd of the thoughtless and reckless portion of the people, forgetting (if it ever occurred to them) that it is a free country, where all have equal rights. Seeking protection at the police station, the mayor, R. H.Tewksbury, and some policeman escorted them to their destination. Stones and other missiles were pretty freely used and some pistol-shots discharged. Some were slightly wounded, but nothing of a serious nature resulted.

These items are mentioned merely as incidents in history and not as possessing any serious import. In both instances the collisions were the natural results from the impulses of unthinking and unreasoning men. When serious trouble came in 1861 men of all nationalities - American born and foreign born, Catholics and Orangemen - vied with each other in maintaining the honor of our national banner by land and sea.

The city has been the scene of one deliberate murder. Albert D. Swan was shot by Henry K. Goodwin ' August 27, 1885. There had been between the two men a dispute of long standing in regard to the usfe of some invention connected with the telephone in which both were interested, and for the use of which Goodwin claimed that Swan was indebted (o him in a considerable amount. Swan claimed that he owed him nothing. On the day above named Goodwin borrowed a pistol, and, going to the countino--room where Swan w:is seated at a desk, he renewed his demand, and as it was not responded to satisfactorily, he fired with fatal effect.

Mr. Swan was born in Tewksbury May 10, 1845, and came with his father, the late David S. Swan, to Lawrence in 1848. He was educated in the schools of Lawrence and at Comers' Commercial College, Boston ; commenced life as a clerk in the bankinghouse of Hallgarten & Herzfield, New York, and was afterwards gold paying teller and attorney for the firm in the New York Stock Board ; entered into partnership with his father under the name of D. S. Swan & Son in Lawrence, 1866, in fire insurance business. The father died 1874, and the business was continued by the son, who was also at the time of his death a director in the Bay State Bank.

Police Court. - In April, 1848, the Police Court was established by act of Legislature. Prior to this, justice had been dispensed by Trial Justice Joseph Couch. The first judge appointed was William Stevens, who, after a service of thirty years, resigned, and was succeeded by Hon. Nathan W. Harmon in 1878. After a service of nine years Judge Harmon resigned on account of impaired health, and was followed by the present judge, Hon. Andrew C. Stone. Associate justices have been Hon.Wm. H. P. Wright, W. Fiske Gile, Charles IT. Bell, Gilbert E. Hood. Among those who have held the oftice of clerk, formerly appointed by the mayor and more recently elected by the people, have been Wm. H. Parsons, W. H. P. Wright, Edgar J. Sherman, Henry L. Sherman, Charles E. Briggs, Jesse G. Gould and the present incumbent, Henry F. Hopkins.

Of these, three - Oilman F. Sanborn, Nathaniel Ambrose, and James D. Herrick - were successively at the head of the town police. Phineas M. Gage was the owner of a fine larm in the easterly portion of the town, embracing what is now Jackson Court and a portion of the Common, - On hard Street taking its name from his orchard, and Garden Street from his garden.

The venerable Bailey Bartlett (a son of Hon. Bailey Bartlett, of Haverhill, who was appointed sherifi' of Essex County by Gov. John Hancock) resided for several years in Newburyport, afterward in Salem and came thence to Lawrence. He was, as above stated, one of the first constables chosen in Lawrence, and on the decease of Joshua Buswell (the first deputy here), he was api^ointed deputy-sheriff", an otiice which he filled acceptably for many years. After this he was appointed a constable for civil service by successive city governments, and was remarkably active till a year or two before his decease, which occurred 1887, at the advanced age of ninety-two. James D. Herrick, educated at Phillips Academy, Andover, entered Dartmouth College, but did not continue a college course ; was a teacher till 1846, when he came to Lawrence, and for twenty-two years was in the employ of the Essex Company as toll-keeper at Andover Bridge. He was one of the first members of the school committee and served on the committee at different periods for ten years ; was at one time chief engineer of

Under the city government, the various marshals (chiefs of police) have been Harvey L. Fuller, Chandler Bailey, Leonard Stoddard, Joseph H. Keyes, John S. Perkins, George W. Potter, John W. Porter, Edmund R. Hayden (afterward mayor), Noah Parkman, Col. Chase Philbrick, Capt. James E. Shepard, Lyman Prescott, James M. Currier, Moulton Batchelder and James T. O'Sullivan.

Industrial School. - This school was established in 1875, to jjrovide a place for boys " who are growing up without salutary control, or no control at all ; who either have no homes or homes merely in name ; who lead idle lives and are habitual truants; who may indeed have been guilty of petty offences, but who may be reformed by kind treatment - a place where they may receive useful instruction in books and manual labor." The school opened with two boys July 3, 1875, under the direction of Captain H. G. Herrick, Rev. George Packard, Hon. Milton Bonney, Rev. John P. Gilmore and Frederick E. Clarke as trustees. The school has proved a very wise and useful establishment, and has accomplished much good. Many boys, who would otherwise have grown up to become pests of society, have gone from this school to become usefiil and industrious citizens. It is really a home, and by no means a prison, and is and has been for several years under the charge of Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Risk.

Of the original trustees, Messrs. Packard and Bonney have died, and Rev. J. P. Gilmore has left the city. Messrs. Herrick and Clarke have from the beginning devoted much time to the interests of the school.

Judge William Stevens was born in North Andover, Mass., 1799; entered Harvard College at the age of sixteen, graduating in 1819; went to Nashville, Tenn., where he commenced the stud}-- of law; was admitted to the bar and practiced law in that city till 1826, when he removed to Belfast, Me., and became the law partner of John Wilson. The copartnership was dissolved in 1829, at which time he was elected to represent Belfast in the Legislature of Maine, nine years after the separation of Maine from Massachusetts. During his residence in Belfast he was active in public affairs, and is mentioned in the history of that town as a "distinguished and prominent" citizen ; was a leader in the Debating Society, president of the Belfast Lyceum, editor of the Maine Farmer and Political Register, and a leading member of the Fire Department. Mr. Stevens removed subsequently to his native town, and soon after was elected to the Massachusetts Legislature, and served several terms. In 1836 he was appointed cashier of the Essex Bank in Andover, a position which he held till November 20, 1847, when the business of that bank was closed, and the cashier was ordered to dispose of the notes and other property. He removed to Lawrence July 3, 1848, at which time he was ajjpointed by Governor Briggs judge of the Lawrence Police Court.

This jjosition he held till May, 1877, and during this i^eriod was for three years a member of the School Committee. Failing health, loss of eye-sight, compelled his resignation, and on the 4th of June, 1878, he was stricken with apoplexy and died in a few hours.

Judge Stevens was a gentleman of the olden time, very urbane in manner, kind to a fault to the unfornate and erring; as a judge, sometimas deciding cases according to equity, rather than strict law ; a publicspirited citizen and a sterling patriot. Two of his sons, fuU)^ imbued with the father's devotion to country, gave their lives to its service in the Civil War.

Newspapers. - The first newspaper in Lawrence was issued in October, 1846, by J. F. C. Hayes, and was called the Merrimack Courier. It continued under the editorial management of Mr. Hayes, John A. Goodwin (subsequently of Lowell), Homer A. Cook, Rev. Henry I. Harrington and Nathaniel Ambrose till 1862. In 1848 a Democratic paper, entitled the Vanguard, was published by Fabyan & Douglas. The name was subsequently changed to The Sentinel. This paper has been edited in the course of its existence by Harrison Douglass, Colonel B, F. Watson, Geo. A. Gordon, Benjamin Bordman, John Ryan, Hon. John K. Tarbox and Abiel Morrison, and is yet issued as a weekly j^aper.

In 1855 the Laivrence American was commenced by George W. Sargent and A. S, Bunker ; it was continued by Mr. Sargent alone, and then Major Geo. S. Merrill became associated with him, and has since been the editor. This paper is Republican in politics, and is issued daily under the title of Lawrence American, an evening paper, and weekly as the Lawrence American and Andover Review. This is believed to be the first newsi^aper and printing-office in the world where the presses are all run by electric power, introduced in 1884.

The Lawrence Journal, another well-conducted paper, was commenced by Robert Bower as the organ of workingmen. It was purchased in 1877 by Mr. Patrick Sweeney, one of the earliest residents of the town , Democratic in politics, with a good share of independence.

Charitable And Other Organizations

consequence of the opposition to secret societies in anti-Masonic times, ihe meetings were practically abandoned. December 14, 1846, the first Masonic meeting was held in Lawrence, and at an adjourned meeting, one week later, it was determined to petition the Grand Lodge for a charter under the name of Grecian Lodge, in which it was hoped the Methuen Masons would join, and it was proposed that they should meet weekly from the 28th of December. Benjamin Boardman was proposed for M., Geo. E. Tyler for S. W., and J. F. C. Hayes for J. W., and a committee was appointed to take steps for procuring a charter, which was granted in February, 1848.

Odd Fellows. - The first lodge of the L O. O. F. was organized May 10, 1847, and the order is represented in Lawrence by the following : United Brothers Ljodge, formed in 1847 ; Monadnock Lodge,l^o. 150, organized 1867; I^awrence Lodge, in 1869; Kearsarge Encampment, No. 36, September 11, 1868 ; Lawrence Encampment, No. 31, in 1852, and re-instituted 1874' The I^awrence Odd Fellows^ Building Association, formed in 1874-75, erected the fine brick building at the corner of Essex and Lawrence Streets ; the lower floors of this building are occupied by stores; the second floor has been, for several years, occupied by the Lawrence Public Library, and the upper stories have been finely fitted and furnished for meetings and banquet halls of the various associations of the order.

Among the Benefit Insurance Societies are The Knights of Honor ; Knights and Ladies of Honor ; United Order of Pilgrim Fathers, five divisions; The Royal Arcanum; The Home Circle; The American Legion of Honor ; The Northern Mutual Relief Association ; Ruth Lodge, Daughters of Rebecca; all of which are recognized by the State, and their financial standing reported in the Insurance Reports.

Other benevolent societies are the Knights of Pythias (a secret order) ; the Order of United Friends, represented by two organizations, - Alpha Council, No. 7, and Bay State Council, No. 162; Knights of St. John; Knights and Ladies of the Golden Rule; the Golden Rule Alliance ; United Order of the Golden Cross, in three divisions, - the Olive, Eastern Star and Loyalty Commanderies ; the Ancient Order of Foresters ; all having for their object mutual assistance to sick and .distressed members.

The Ladies' Union Charitable Society, incorporated 1875, has the charge of the hospital for the care of acute cases of sickness and accident ; nursery fiir day care of small children; training-school for nurses.

The German population has two associations of the Order of Harugari, known as Scldlltr Lodge and Freiheit Lodge, with Masonic features and benefits ; also an Aid Society, a Sick Relief Association, and the St. Aloysius Aid Society (Catholic).

Other large benevolent societies are The Lrish Catholic Benevolent Society, organized October, 1863; Two lodges Ancient Order of Hibernians ; The Protectory of Mary Lmmacnlate, better known as the Orphan Asylum, as its name implies, an orphan asylum and home for invalids, the first institution ever erected in the city for charitable purposes ; and the Conference of St. Vincent de Paul.

There are in Lawrence also several social and literary clubs, among which are the Home Club, with handsomely furnished rooms, centrally located on Essex Street ; the Caledonian Society (Scotch) ; Sons of St. George (English); Le Cercle Montcalm (French) ; the Turn-Verein (German) ; the Knights of St. Patrick and the Old Residents' Association, to which all are eligible who have resided in Lawrence twenty-five years or more. Miss E. G. Wetherbee, president.

A Natural History and Archaeological Society, embracing nearly one hundred members, has recently been formed, R. H. Tewksbury, president; John V. Langshaw, secretary ; G. R. Sanborn, treasurer.

Needham Post (No. 39) of the Grand Army of the Republic combines the two objects of good-fellowship and benevolence to needy and sick comrades.

The post was named after Sumner Henry Needham, a member of the old Sixth Regiment, and who was among the first martyrs of the Rebellion. He was killed at Baltimore on the 19th of April, 1861. -His remains were brought to Lawrence and interred in Bellevue Cemetery with public honors. Business was suspended throughout the city, and flags at halfmast, with other demonstrations of grief, marked the public respect ibr his memory.

He was born at Bethel, Me., and had been twelve years in Lawrence when the war broke out. With the name of such a hero as its patron, Post 39 could not help but increase in numbers and usefulness. Today its membership is one of the largest of any post in the State outside of Boston. Its roll represents over three hundred members in good standing, with fresh accessions coming in at every meeting. It has disbursed for charitable purposes during the last ten years from seven hundred dollars to twelve hundred dollars annually.

Sherman, Major E. A. Fiske, Col. Chase Philbrick, Major L. N-. Duchesney, Adjutant Frank O. Kendall, Ex-Mayor Davis, Stephen C. Par-sons, James Noonan, Daniel F. Kiley, David Johnson, William H. Coan, Hon. A. C. Stone, John F. Hogan, James J. Stanley, George H. Flagg and Charles H. Couillard were his successors. Of the above, Mr. F. O. Kendall has been appointed and served as adjutant under eleven commanders, this being a longer period than can be said of any other member of a G. A. R. Post in the State. The charter members of Needham Post were Melvin Beal, James G. Abbott, Frank Davis, E. L. Noyes, Chase Philbrick, A. A. Currier, George S. Merrill, E. J. Merriam and S. M. Decker. The charter is dated December 10, 1867. The present commander of Needham Post is Charles U. Bell, Esq.

Musical Association. - 77*6 Oldest Musical Associatio7i in the city is the Lawrence Brass Band, formed in February, 1849, a very patriotic association, which in the Rebellion sent twelve of its eighteen members into the Union army.^ For many years it was under the leadership of D. Frank Robinson. The present leader is Mr. E. T. Collins.

The Lawrence Cornet Band, F. J. O'Reilly, leader; La Bande Canadienne, J. R. Lafricaine, leader; the Lyra and Glocke Singing Societies (German) ; the Ladies' Choral Union, under the direction of Mr. Reuben Merrill ; two Orchestral Associations, one directed by E. T. Collins, the other by C. J. A. Marier.

Young Men's Christian Association. - Organized October 12, 1876 ; incorporated January 14, 1880; reorganized February 6, 1883. The association has pleasant and convenient rooms, which are open daily from 8 a.m. to 9^ p.m. The following privileges are free to all persons : Reading-room well supplied with papers and periodicals, parlor games boarding-house register, employment bureau, song service and facilities for letter-writing. In addition to the above, members of the association are entitled to the use of the gymnasium, bath-rooms, members' parlor and admission for member and lady to the annual course of entertainments. Any young man of good moral character, regardless of religious belief, may become a member on payment of an annual fee of two dollars. Fee for membership, with use of the gymnasium, five dollars.

The building occupied by them was built for and occupied by the Eliot Church. This was sold when the Eliot and Central Churches united, and was purchased by Hon. Wm. A. Russell, who conveyed it to the association, generously deducting from the payment the sum of ten thousand dollars of the actual cost.

Lawrence City Mission. - In the great influx of population naturally attendant upon founding of the new town many came with limited means, who, either from want of immediate employment or illness, needed assistance. Poor, but not by any means paupers, a little aid from those more fortunate would help them on in their struggle for success. Among the first to recognize the importance of system in the distribution of aid was Rev. Henry F. Harrington, then pastor of the Unitarian Church, who said to his people : " If you will place your charity money in my hands, and send your applicants for aid to me, I will look up the cases and help as I shall see help is needed."

December, 1854, seven gentlemen met for the purpose of forming a " Relief Society." These men were Rev. George Packard, John C. Hoadley, William D. Joplin, James K. Barker, Rev. Richard S. Rust, Ebenezer B. Currier and Rev. H. F. Harrington. At a subsequent meeting John C. Hoadley was chosen president, the city was divided in six districts, a division committee of three persons from each ward of the city was appointed, and to each section was assigned a visitor. The first general agent was Wm. D. Joplin (who died August, 1870). Mr. Joplin served one year, and following him Henry Withington, who served more than two years, both devoted to the work without compensation, the last-named giving his entire time during the winter months. The society continued four years, and rendered important aid, particular during the stagnation of business in 1857. In February, 1859, the society voted that a committee of two from each religious society be invited meet in convention with a committee of two from the association to consider the establishment of a city mission. The first meeting was held March 3, 1859, in which twelve religious societies Avere represented. The meeting unanimously decided in favor of forming a mission, and a committee was appointed with Hon. Chas. Storrow as chairman, who reported that the proposed measure " promises results of a most beneficial character, not only to those who are to be more particularly the object of the labors of the mission, but also to those who, by joining in its support, whatever be their peculiarities of religious opinion, thereby create and strengthen within themselves that bond of truly Christian fellowship which unites all who co-operate in good work." They also reported that Geo. P. Wilson (of the Methodist Church) was a person containing in an unusual degree the qualifications and experience requisite for the proper discharge of the duties. of city missionary. The report was unanimously adopted, and the wisdom of their choice was fully j^roved, - beloved and trusted by all, Mr. Wilson devoted all the energies of his benevolent and unselfish nature to the wants of the unfortunate and suffering, and during thirteen years of service, in the trying times that succeeded the fall of the Pemberton mill, and during the four years of war, in counsel as chaplain at the jail, and in every way in which he could, he was always found ready to do all in his power for the benefit of suffering humanity, and in all his charitable work he had the full sympathy and aid of his equally devoted wife. He resigned in 1872 and went to Boston in the service of the Boston Missionary and Church Extension Society. A plain monument in Bellevue Cemetery, erected by the citizens of Lawrence, marks his resting-place ; it bears this simple inscription :

April 1, 1872, Rev. Charles U. Dunning was appointed to succeed Mr. Wilson, and for about thirteen years, with the earnest co-operation of Mrs. Dunning, faithfully and judiciously carried on the work so auspiciously commenced, and was succeeded by Francis S. Longworth, the present missionary. The mission is sustained by voluntary contributions, and the salary of the missionary is paid by the different manufacturing corporations, divided in proportion to their capital. The president of the society, Rev. George Packard, died, after eighteen years of devoted service, November 30, 1877, and Gilbert E. Hood was chosen to succeed him.

The mission has from the beginning accomplished much, and by its usefulness in various ways has commended itself fully to the people. In 1885, in the hope of making it still more systematically useful, it became a bureau of charities on the basis of associated charity, having for its objects, "to secure harmonious co-operation between the different churches, charities and charitable individuals of Lawrence, in order to assist the deserving poor, prevent begging and imposition, and diminish pauperism ; to encourage thrift and self-dependence, through friendly intercourse, advice and sympathy ; to aid the poor to help themselves, and to prevent children from growing up as paupers." Such have ever been the aims of the mission, but whether all the societies will co-operate is a problem for the future.

Flower Mission, the object of which has been to brighten the homes of the sick with flowers, and otherwise distributing among them fruits and delicacies suitable for invalids, and in this work they have been generously aided by the people of Andover and North Andover, Early in October, 1875, at the invitation of the City Missionary, a number of ladies met at the Inission rooms to take into consideration the formation of a Day Nursery, for the care of children whose mothers were emisloyed in the mills, and for such hospital work as might be found at hand. And on the 8th of October the Ladies' Union Charitable Society was formed, and organized by the choice of Mrs. Alfred P. Clark, president ; Mrs. Wm. A. Russell, secretary and treasurer. The other officers representing the different churches were :

A public meeting was held at City Hall on the 19th, and at this meeting sufficient encouragement was given to warrant the society in commencing work. A building was purchased, completely furnished, and opened to receive children in November. January 4, 1876, the society was incorporated, and the building was removed to land of the Washington Mills, and enlarged by the addition of three rooms in the rear ; but as there was no room to be spared for the care of the sick, an invalid's home was opened on Montgomery Street. A few years later the Washington Mills having other use for their land, removal became necessary. It was also essential that the nursery building should be in the vicinity of the mills, and it was determined to purchase a lot of land for the purposes required. This was accomplished, and money raised by subscription for erecting a larger building where the nursery and home should be combined. The different manufacturing companies gave three thousand dollars. Other sums were obtained from citizens, and the front of the building, now used as a hospital, was erected and dedicated February 9, 1882, the old buildings being placed in the rear and used for culinary purposes. The physicians soon began to urge upon the society the necessity of opening the hospital department to men as well as women, as most of the accidents in the mills occurred among the men, and there was no place in town for the care of many of these cases, and, heretofore, it had been customary to send to hospitals in Boston. This movement created the need of a larger building, and the society immediately gave their attention to increasing their accommodations. May, 1885, they succeeded in purchasing a lot adjoining the hos2)ital from Mr. Chas. A. Brown, which was enlarged by the gift of an unknown friend of twenty-five feet front additional, thus giving them a lot of one hundred and thirty-five by seventy-eight feet. In 1885 the home for children was finished, free from debt, and in March, 1886, the hospital ell was completed and dedicated. The hospital, which will accommodate twenty patients, and the day nursery are both still under the charge of the society, and both have proved of great utility.

Not yet satisfied with their earnest and successful efforts, the society, in October, 1882, established a training-school for nurses, which is yet in successful operation. Eight nurses are in constant attendance, graduating after having passed a successful examination and two years' training in the hospital. A directory for nurses was opened in 1885, aiming to assist persons requiring a nurse, and to aid nurses desiring work in their chosen profession. In these various works the ladies have been materially aided by the physicians of the city, who have cordially cooperated in much gratituous service, and by lectures and aid in the training-school. One pleasant custom has grown up in connection with this enterprise which is worthy of mention. For the purpose of raising funds in support of the nursery and hospital, some one (it is believed Mr. and Mrs. Dunning) suggested having a public breakfast on the 1st day of May ; this has grown gradually in favor, and seems to have become a permanent institution, the City Hall being usually filled from early morning till the middle of the forenoon, where the citizens meet in social intercourse, and no inconsiderable sums are realized from the entertainment.

The present president of the society is Mrs. Wm. E. Gowing, and for the past four years Miss A. E. Andrews has been the efficient head of the hospital.

Public Schools, - Forty years ago, 1845, there were within the present limits of Lawrence three of those small one-story buildings known as schoolhouses, where, as in other district schools throughout New England, the children had the benefit of a few weeks' instruction in the common branches of education in the two terms of summer and winter. They were, no doubt, like their prototypes, plain, rude and neglected, with cold floors, a uniform pattern of desks for pupils of all sizes, and these unpainted, on which, even if not instructed in the art, the male portion of the pupils were self-educated in the rudiments of sculpture.

In 1846 another building was prepared by the Essex Company, and under the direction of the Methuen school committee - Dr. Stephen Huse, James D. Herrick and Rev. Willard Spalding - was opened for pupils, with Nathaniel Ambrose ^ as teacher. This school soon increased in numbers from twenty-five to one hundred and fifty, and was continued till after the acceptance of the town charter.

At the first town-meeting Dr. William D. Lamb, James D. Herrick and Dan Weed were elected members of the school committee. In their report they give the record of five schools, located on Tower Hill, Hampshire Street, Jackson Street, Prospect Street and " Andover side." The rapid influx of scholars rendered active measures necessary, and as future success depends largely on right beginnings, the agent of the Essex Company, Mr. Storrow, requested Hon. Horace Mann (then the best authority in educational affairs) to meet the committee and devise with them

1 Mr. Ambrose died September 30, 1878, at the age of sixty-seven. He was chosen annually during the continuance of the town a constable and part of the time inspector of police and captain of the watch.

The plan then adopted contemplated the establishment of primary and intermediate schools scattered over the territory of the town, one grammar school upon the north side of the river, one grammar school upon the south side and one high school for the town.

At the town-meeting of 1848 five persons were chosen members of the committee, - Rev. Henry F. Harrington (now superintendent of schools in New Bedford), ^ Nathan W. Harmon (since judge of the Police Court), ^James D, Herrick, Rev, Lyman Whiting and Rev, George Packard,

The plan matured and carried into execution at that early day, and which has continued to the present time, of dividing the schools into primary, middle, grammar and high grades, has proved by time to be the best and most economical. The government, the people and the non-resident owners of our large manufacturing establishments were liberal in the expenditure for schools, as, in fact, they have ever been since. The manufacturing companies paying at that time sixty-five per cent, of all the taxes, expressed their feelings in the language of one of their representatives, " Let the schools be the best that can be made at any cost,'' fully realizing the importance of early discipline in habits of method and order, of those who are ultimately to be the sovereigns of the State.

This same year the committee called the attention of the town government to the requirements of the statute for a building for a high school ; twelve thousand five hundred dollars was promptly appropriated for the purpose, and the building now occupied by the Oliver Grammar School was erected, and named the Oliver School.

Lawrence High School. - In January, 1849, T. W. Curtis was elected principal of this school, to which seventeen pupils were admitted that month. In September twenty-two more were admitted, and Miss Sarah B. Hooker was elected assistant teacher. Mr. Curtis resigned in 1851, and for the remainder ot the term Rev. H. F. Harrington, of the committee, was the instructor. In 1851 Mr. C. J. Pennell became principal. Miss Hooker resigned in January, 1852, and was succeeded by Miss Jane S. Gerrish, of Newburyport, who remained in service till June, 1873. In 1853 Mr. Pennell resigned to accept a professorship in Antioch College, Ohio.

He was succeeded by Mr, Samuel John Pike, then a tutor in Bowdoin College, After a service of three years he removed to Somerville, For a few months the position was filled by Mr. Wm. H. Farrar, and, in May, 1857, Mr. Wm. J. Rolfe was elected principal. Mr. Rolfe remained four and a half years, and removed to Boston, where he became associate editor of the Boston Journal of Chemistry, and is widely known as the author of several valuable works. For three months after the withdrawal of Mr. Eolfe, Mr. Thomas G. Valpey, an instructor in another institution, spent his vacation as principal of the High School, and in December, 1861, Mr. Henry L. Boltwood became principal. He was succeeded in 1863 by Albert C. Perkins. Mr. Perkins remained till 1873, and resigned to become principal of Phillips Academy, Exeter (and is now principal of the Adelphi Academy, Brooklyn, N. Y.). The subsequent teachers have been Charles T. Lazelle, 1873 to '75 ; Horace E. Bartlett, 1875 to '79 ; Edward H. Rice, 1879 to '80 ; Edwin H. Lord, 1880 to '84 (recently elected principal of the new Brewster Academy at Wolfboro'), and the present principal, Frank P. McGregor.

A second assistant. Miss Harriet C Hovey, was elected in 1856, and, after a faithful service of seven years, was succeeded in 1863 by Miss Marcia Packard, who left the service in 1881. Other assistants have been Miss Alice E. Birtwell, 1873 till her decease, in 1883 ; Miss Emily G. Wetherbee, Mary A. Newell, Ada Lear, Katharine A. O'Keefe, Louisa S. Halley and Julia J. Underbill, the six last mentioned being still in service.

A sub-mastership was created in 1872, and the position has been held by Herbert S. Rice, 1872 to '77 ; Parker P. Simmons, to 1879; Anson M. Richardson, 1879 to '85 ; Edward J. Sartelle, and Edwin H. Lord, Edward H. Gulick.

The Oliver Grammar , School commenced with a little over one hundred and forty scholars in the spring of 1848, in a wooden building where the Unitarian Church now stands, under the direction of Mr. Geo. A. Walton (now of the State Board of Education). ' It was supposed that this house would accommodate the grammar school on the north side of the river for an indefinite period ; but before the walls of the High School building were up it was found necessary to alter the plan, and as soon as finished the grammar school was placed in the upper story, with seats for one hundred and eighty-four scholars. This soon proved too small, and in 1851 the three-story transverse section was built; again in 1867 the front portion of the original building was raised to its present height. Its name, Oliver Grammar School, was given in honor of the late General Oliver. In 1865 Hon. Milton Bonney, then mayor, who had been a member of the school committee for three years previous, and foresaw that the increasing growth of the grammar school would soon demand the use of the whole building, called the attention of the government to the necessity of providing a new building for the High School, and land was secured for the jiurpose, on which, in 1866, the new High School building was erected ; but before its completion the sessions of the High School were held in the vestry of Trinity Church, and the entire original building was given up to the Oliver Grammar School.

The committee were quite fortunate in securing the services of Mr. Walton, as he served as an able coadjutor in carrying into effect the plan adopted, and being zealous in his chosen profession, he brought the school to a high state of excellence. The Qiiincy School of Boston was the model on which the grammar school was built, then the only one of its kind in New England. Mr. Walton continued in the mastership of the school from April, 1848, for sixteen years, till the summer of 1864; was succeeded by James H. Eaton, who had been assistant teacher (now treasurer of the Essex Savings Bank), Mr. with Albert F. Scruton as assistant. After Mr. Eaton's resignation, Mr. John L. Brewster was elected (who was subsequently superintendent of schools form 1880 to 1887). Successiveprincipals were James Barrell, Park S. Warren, Barrett B. Russel and the present principal, Benjamin F. Dame.

The school, commencing with two classes in 1848, has now eight grades under sixteen female teachers, with one head master and t-even hundred pupils ; the building will accommodate eight hundred and forty.

Packard School. - This is at the present time the grammar school of South Lawrence. The building was originally a brick building of eight rooms and was first occupied 1872. In March, 1885, it was destroyed by fire, but has since been rebuilt and contains ten rooms and a hall. The other buildings, the Lawrence and Union Street School buildings, on the south side of the river, are occupied by the primary schools.

The grammar school has been successively under the charge of Isaiah W. Ayer, Jonathan Tenney, John B. Fairfield, Wilbur Fiske Gile, John Orne, Jr., J. Henry Root, Jefferson K. Cole, Edward P. Shute and Albert P. Doe.

It would be impracticable in the limits of this article to give a more extended sketch of the growth of the schools of Lawrence, and mention the various faithful teachers who have been here employed. Suffice it to say that, in addition to the three previously named, Lawrence has seventeen public schools, employing seventy-two teachers, the total number of teachers being one hundred and eight in active employ ; the average number of pupils for the year 1886 being nearly five thousand; average attendance, 96.42 per cent.

Free evening schools were established in 1859 - for the benefit of those who are unable to attend school during the day - taught at first by volunteer teachers. The evening school started as an experiment, under the direction of Mr. George P. Wilson, the city missionary, in the old Odd Fellows' Hall. It was removed later to the basement of the City Hall. The school gradually grew in favor, has become a part of the public-school system, and the expense is assumed by the city. There are now maintained one school in the westerly part of the city, one on the south side of the river, and a large one in the Oliver building for ordinary English branches of study, and a High School for instruction in algebra, chemistry and drawing.

Sewing has also become a permanent addition to the work of the middle or intermediate schools, and very creditable work of the pupils has been exhibited.

A sewing-school had been established in April, 1859, by the city missionary, and for twenty-five 3^ears was sustained under the care of the mission, charitable and competent ladies volunteering their services as instructors from year to year.

Training-School. - Among the schools a very valuable addition was made in 1869 by the establishment of a training-school for teachers, in which persons who could not perhaps incur the expense of absence from home in the normal schools of the State may have an opportunity to educate themselves for the business of instruction. The object of the school is to fit teachers for the work of organizing, governing and teaching in the public schools. The school has been under able management, and has proved of great value. The first instructors were Misses L. J. Faulkner and Fannie A. Reed, the latter of whom continued in the school for about ten years. In 1879 Miss Lily P. Shepard, a graduate of the Westfield Normal School, a teacher of experience in the training-school at Springfield, was placed at the head of the school, and has continued till the present. Her first assistant was Miss Clara Lear, who served one year, and was relieved at her own request, succeeded by Miss Clara T. Wing. Miss Wing resigned, and was followed by Miss Janet G. Hutchins, who, in 1887, accepted another position in Lewiston, Me.

Private Schools. - In 1847 several private schools supplied the wants of the people, in addition to those under charge of the town. Among these was a school opened near the commencement of 1847 by a Mr. Ward, assisted by Misses Proctor and Chapman, commencing with twenty-four scholars, which in its fourth term numbered forty.

Messrs. Twomb'y and Judkins had also a flourishing school ; another was taught by Messrs. O'Connell and Bresnahan ; and still another was opened in Feb - ruary, 1848, by Mr. and Mrs. Silas Blaisdell. This latter school continued for several years and was well patronized.

The French population also maintain a private school, and the German population also have a small school of sixty pupils. A successful private school is also under the charge of Misses Marcia Packard and Cornelia Harmon. Gordon C. Cannon has for several years conducted a flourishing commercial school.

The Lawrence Machine Shop was built and owned by the Essex Company, the main building, foundry and chimney being very substantial structures of stone, commenced in 1846 and finished in 1848. The works were operated by the Essex Company until 1852, Caleb M. Marvel being the superintendent. The machine shop played an important part in the early days of Lawrence, was su23plied with every variety of valuable tools and machines, and gave employment to a large number of skillful mechanics. Some of these still remained in Lawrence, though a large number, on the closing ot the shop, sought other fields, and other places in various parts of the Union have had the benefit of their skill. Many locomotive engines were built here, the first of which was the " Essex," which was used on the railroad between Lawrence and Boston. Others were the"Welland" and the "Trent," which went to Ogdensburg; others went to the Erie Railroad, and many others later to other roads.

The Hoadley Portable Engine, which acquired extended celebrity, was first built here by John C. Hoadley, who subsequently established his works on the North Canal, whence large numbers of the engines went to the West and California. Here also the steam fire-engine, which, with modifications, is now in so general use, was first brought out by Thomas Scott and N. S. Bean. The^rst engine built, named the " Lawrence," was purchased by the city of Boston. Mr. Bean subsequently removed to Manchester, where the manufacture of these engines has since been carried forward. Considerable amounts of cotton machinery were also built here.

In 1852 the property of ihe machine-shop was transferred to a new company - the "Lawrence Machine-Shop Company," having a capital of seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars, the value of shares being fifty dollars each. The officers were Samuel Batchelder, president; J. H. W. Paige, treasurer; Gordon McKay, agent ; and John C. Hoadley, superintendent, who, on the resignation of Colonel McKay, became agent.

The company suffered in common with others in the general depression of business in 1857, remained idle two years, and the property was sold to the Everett Mills Company.

The following just tribute to the memory of Mr. Hoadley, written by a gentleman in Boston, appeared in the Advertiser soon after his decease :

John Chipman Hoadly, born in Turin, N. Y., 1818, the son and grandson of farmers, passed his youth in Utica, N. Y. At the age of eighteen he was employed in preliminary surveys for the enlargement of the Erie Canal, and his ability as a draughtsman brought him quick promotion and more responsible work. In 1844 he went to assist Horatio N. and Erastus B. Bigelow in the foundation and development of the manufactories and town of Lancaster (now

Clinton, Mass.). Four years later lie, with Gordon McKay, formed a partnership for the manufacture of engines and other machinery in Pittsfield. In 1852 he was called to the position of superintendent of the Lawrence Machine-Shop, and soon after reluctantly accepted the position of agent, well knowing that the failure of the company was only a question of time.

After the closing of that company he engaged in the manufacture of portable engines, then but little used in this country. Their skillful design and honest construction soon gained a name and a large market for them all over the country, especially in California. After a number of very prosperous years the crisis of 1873, with its shrinkage of value and bad debts, forced the company to close its affairs. During a part of this time Mr. ijoadley was also interested in the organization of the Clinton Wire-Cloth Company, agent of the New Bedford Copper Company and the McKay Sewing-Machine Association, and was one of the founders and president of the Archibald Wheel Company. Since 1876 he engaged in various interests, especially as an expert in mechanical and engineering questions, serving in important cases in the courts and in responsible positions in the great mechanical exhibitions.

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, of which he was one of the original trustees, claimed for many years a part of his. interest, and as a member of the State Board of Health during more than seven years, he did his part in this most useful work, besides tilling other positions, as alderman in Lawrence, a member of the Legislature in 1858, and Presidential elector in 1862. Commissioned by the State during the Rebellion, he visited England to inspect ordnance for harbor defense.

This brief summary comprises, however, only a fraction of Mr. Hoadley's real interest. The unique featui'e of his life was his intense enthusiasm in many paths of literature and in the higher lines of thought. If mechanics was his pleasure, literature was his delight; no pressure of business could draw him wholly away from his books.