Leominster City (part 2 of 4)

It should be said, in this connection, that by word and deed, in season and out of season. Rev. Mr. Fay labored to help on the good work. He was a host in himself, fired by true patriotism, he gave his hand and his heart to the cause of his country and rendered efficient service in the business of recruiting.

Rev. George S. Ball, the brave Chaplain of the 21st Regiment, also accomplished much by patriotic speeches and direct personal influence. The town voted appropriations of money and serviceable uniforms and other clothing, and individuals gave liberally. The Messrs. Burrage of Boston, Johnson C., Alvah A., and Charles H., natives of Leominster, gave $810 for the purchase of equippments. In addition to this, Mr. A. A. Burrage offered the sum of $100 to any one of the Burrage name, or any one connected with him by blood or marriage, who should enlist within a specified time. These are only a few of the many instances that might be mentioned. The ladies of the town formed a "Soldier's Aid Society" and carried out a systematic plan of operations, preparing and sending to the soldiers in camp such things as would contribute to their comfort.

ment Band of Mass. V. M. They went into camp about the first of May, and were fifteen months in active service ; coworkers with the soldiers, doing their share of picket duty, and caring for the wounded. Upon the discharge of the Regimental Bands of the Army, by act of Congress, in July, 1862, the Leominster Band returned home. But several of their number enlistied in the regular service.

We have not the space in this book to give even a brief history of the ditferent regiments having Leominster men in their ranks, but some idea of the dangers and hardships of the four years' struggle miy be gained by the record of those who died during that time. After the principal battles of the war, in which Leominster men were engaged, the town sent prominent citizens to the front to look after the dead and wounded, as well as the sick, taking with them articles of wearing apparel and comforts of various kinds, and they were often privileged to witness, and afterwards report to friends at home, instances of patient endurance and heroism.

Roll Of Honor

To the earnest and persistent efforts of the late James Bennett, L^sq., in searching for information, we are indebted for the following facts in connection with each of the forty-eight soldiers whose names are enscribed on the Soldiers' Monument.

Front Tablet

Corporal Andrew W. Cowdrey, the first martyr from Leominster, was severely wounded at Ball's Bluff, Oct. 21st, and died of his wounds, Nov. 3d, 1861, at Poolesville hospital, Maryland shore. lie left a wife and two children, and was buried in Leominster with military honors.

iny, taken prisoner by the rebels, and cofined in Libby Prison. With only the floor for his bed, he received neither care nor medicine for twenty-seven days. When exchanged he was in a weak and reduced condition, and had an attack of diphtheria, and died of suffocation from falling into a foul vault at the hospital, Fortress Monroe, Aug. 6th, 1862.

Corporal Fraxklix Gardner was one of the " color guard," and at the battle of Antietam, Sept. 17th, took up the colors from the third color bearer, who had been shot dead at his side. He received three balls ; the first passed through a limb, the second through his thigh, the third in his stomach. Regardless of these wounds he managed to keep the flag waving until the next guard took it. From Wednesday morning, Sept. 17th, until Friday morning of the same week, he lay within the enemy's lines. When our men went to bury the dead and remove the wounded, he was placed in the hospital at Sharpsburg, and removed Sept. 25th, to Patent Office hospital, Washington, where he died Oct. 6th, 1862.

Capt. Haxs Peter Jorgexsex, a native of Copenhagen, Denmark, enlisted as Orderly Sergeant. At Ball's Bluff he was wounded in the right arm. He was detailed to recruit, but afterwards promoted to Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant, and Oct. 28th, 1862, to Captain, in command of his old Company A, and was killed.

Capt. Jorg^nsen had seen service in the campaigns of the Danish Army and was twice wounded while fighting the Prussians at Schleswig and Holstein ; once in the arm by a ball and on the head by a sabre. " He was not a native of this country. He could not have been drafted, yet so keen was his appreciation of the great interests at stake, that he is reported in the Worcester Spy to have said : ' Freedom is the same everywhere and I cheerfully give my life in its defense. I would give more if I had it,' or words to that effect,"

Corporal Charles A. Lamb, son of Albert Lamb, was taken prisoner at Ball's Bluff. At Libby Prison he sickened and died of congestion of the lungs, Nov. 25th, 186 1.

Sergeant Edward B. Rollins, after fighting bravely at Ball's Bluff, succeeded in crossing the river safely, but on looking back to the Virginia shore he saw some of his comrades, who were not yet taken prisoners. He procured a skiff, rowed it over amid the whistling of balls, took in his passengers, and landed them in safety. Two years later, he sent his wife a beautifully wrought card with the names of eleven hard fought battles in which he had been engaged. He left a space for one more, and wrote, that after one more battle, he should probably come home. He went into his twelfth battle, Gettysburg, and was killed July 2d, 1863. He left a wife and four small children.

Capt. Charles H. Stevens enlisted as Fourth Sergeant. He was promoted to 2d Lieut., ist Lieut., and, July 4th, 1863, to Captain. He was wounded in the foot at Savage Station, and in the leg, while supporting our batteries at Gettysburg. At Bristow Station, Oct. 15th, 1S63, after an hour's hard fighting, the enemy gave way ; but Capt. Stevens was severely wounded, and died while being carried to the hospital. In his honor Post 53, G. A. R., was named.

John Gould Snow, only son of Thomas S. Snow, was at Ball's Bluff and in si.\ other battles. He died of chronic diarrhoea, Dec. 10, 1863, at P'airfax hospital, Va.

Sergeant John O. A. Tripp was in seventeen battles. He was wounded at Gettysburg, captured at Petersburg, taken to Anderson ville, parolled, entered our lines exhausted by starvation, cold, and sickness, and died in a l^altimore hospital. Mar. 19th, 1864. He was buried with military honors at Leominster, March 23d, 1864.

Leominster Roll Of Honor

Charles B. Wood was drowned March 20th, 1862, while relieving guard on a dark, stormy night, on the banks of the ChesajDcake and Ohio canal.

RuFus H. Carter, 21st Reg., Co. D, was mustered out at Blaine's Cross Road.s, East Tennessee, Dec. 31, 1863. He re-enlisted in the Veteran Volunteers and was killed at Petersburg, Va., by Sharpshooters, Sept. 30, 1864. |

John F. Crosby, 23d Reg., Co. D, was wounded by the enemy at the battle of Kingston, and afterwards was shot in the back by the accidental discharge of a musket in the hands of a comrade. He was helped to an ambulance and was four weeks in the hospital at Newbern. He w^as sent north by steamer, but died in New York Harbor, April 22, 1865. He was buried in Leominster, with military honors.

Sergeant Artemas S. Farwell, first enlisted in a New Hampshire Regiment. He served his time, re-enlisted in the 25th Mass., Co. F, and died of diphtheria, Nov. 23d, 1862. He was buried in Leominster.

Frank George, 3d Reg., Mass. Cavalry, Co. D, was taken prisoner in the Shenandoah Valley, with his entire Company, captured by two companies of rebels in United States uniforms and carrying the Union Flag. They stripped them of their clothing, and marched them on foot 5 days without rations. He was first imprisoned at Belle Isle, then at Andersonville, and afterwards hurried away to Salisbury, upon the approach of Sherman's army, where he died of starv^ation, Dec. 6, 1864 He left a family.

George A. Houghton, 21st Reg., Co. I., died of ship-fever at Hatteras Inlet, on board the transport ship "Northerner," Jan. 20, 1862. He was buried in the sand on the beach by chaplain, Geo. S. Ball, and a band of sailors who volunteered to go ashore in a violent gale.

Capt. James Masters Mellen, ist Mass., Co. A, re-enlisted Oct. 18, 1863, as 1st Lieut., 3d North Carolina, Colored Vols., and was killed at Wilmington, N. C, Sept. 23, 1865. His commission as Captain arrived two days after his death.

when he was taken sick at Fort Warren. He came home on a furlough, and died of pneumonia at his father's home, Henry Derby's, Jan. 5th, 1862.

Sergeant LeRoy R. Gallup, 36th Reg., Co. A, was killed by the premature bursting of one of our own shells while lying in front of and supporting our batteries at Campbell's Station, near Knoxville, Tenn. He left a wife and two children.

Andrew B. Osborn, 36th Reg., Co. A, was discharged April 22, 1863, for disability. He re-enlisted in the i6th Mass. Battery, March 11, 1864, and died of heart disease, at Camp Augue, gen. hospital, Alexandria, Va., Jan. 31, 1865. He left a wife and two children. He was buried in Leominster with military honors.

John F. Owens, 5th Reg., Co. E, died of diphtheria, in camp, at Readville, April 13, 1865. He was buried in Leominster, with military honors. The Sons of Temperance, of which order he was a member, joined in the service.

John Schouw, a native of Amsterdam, Holland, 29th Reg., Co. H, died of dysentery on board of a transport ship, at the wharf, Cairo, III, Aug. 20, 1863. He left a wife and one child.

Albert Lafayette Wilder, 3d Reg., Co. D, (Cavalry), was taken prisoner at the same time and place, and under the same circumstances as his brother-in-law, Frank George. He v/eighed 180 pounds when taken ; died of starvation about the

Ira B. Foster, 53d Reg., Co. C, was wounded in the neck, near Port Hudson. He went to the rear and had his wound bound with cotton to stop the flow of blood. As it was early in the morning, he returned and fought the rest of the day, which was his last day's service. He was sent to Baton Rouge Hospital, where he died. He left a wife and child.

Sergeant James Munford Lewis, fife major 53d Reg. Co. C, came home sick and died at home before he was mustered out of the service. He left a wife.

Capt. Leonard Wood was for many years an active part of the social, religious and business life of Leominster. Before the rebellion he was engaged in the provision business of North Leominster, but in August, 1861, he was mustered into the ser-

October 22d, 1861, Capt. Moses Gaskell having been killed in the battle of Ball's Bluff, Lieut. Wood was promoted to take his place. At this battle he had displayed great courage, rising from a sick bed that he might take part in the engagement. After serving through the Peninsular, Antietam and Fredericksburg campaigns, as one of the bravest officers in a regiment which saw perhaps as much and as hard service as any in the army, he resigned his commission and was discharged January 16, 1863.

After his return from the army Capt. Wood resumed his business in North Leominster, and under the ministry of the Rev. Wm. J. Batt, of the Orthodox Congregational Society, united with that church becoming at once a prominent and useful member. He served the church as deacon, the Sundayschool as teacher and superintendent, and the Society as parish committee. He gave liberally and to the full measure of his means, and was active in securing funds from others for the building of the present church edifice. Later on he was the soul of the mo\ement which resulted in the formation of the church in North Leominster, and also gave liberally of his means and energies towards their present house of worship. Besides his church w^ork he was also an active worker in the temperance cause.

In addition to his North Leominster business, Capt. W^ood was for some time a member of the firm of Hallett & Wood, provision dealers, at the market now owned by Conant & i\ Torse. In 1879, clesiring to carry on a more extensive business, he moved to Bridgeport, Conn., and with Mr. Hallett began the wholesale meat business which he followed up to the time of his death, Feb. 6, 1886.

church, Rev. Wm. J. Batt having charge of the services, assisted by Rev. Robert G. S. McNeille, pastor of the church at Bridgeport, of which Capt. Wood was a deacon. Rev. Mr. Jones of the North Leominster church, and Rev. Richard Meredith of the Orthodox church.

The relations between Mr. Batt and Deacon Wood were unusually tender and fraternal. At the time and ever after Mr. Wood determined to seek a higher and better life, he had the sympathy and encouragement of his pastor, and between them there existed the closest and most sacred intimacy. In his remarks Mr. Batt described the life, character, work and even the peculiarities of Deacon Wood, showing that through all these years, in Bridgeport as well as Leominster, he was the same earnest, enthusiastic, whole-souled, uncompromising friend of temperance, morality and religion, and had the same interest in the well being of his fellow men that characterized his new life in this town.

A short time before his death, at a re-union of the Old 15th Regiment, Capt. Wood, in responding to "Antietam", closed his remarks by throwing back his coat and showing a fragment of the standard of his regiment containing two stars shot from it at the battle of Antietam and which he had preserved through all these years, said : "Boys : when I am laid to rest I hope to have these go with me." This wish was regarded and those honored emblems were pinned on his breast over his heart ; a last and most fitting tribute to a brave officer and a true man.

At the breaking out of the war in 1861, he was a member of the Leominster Light Infantry, and with that organization was mustered into the service of the United States July 12th,

Capt. E. A. Bennett

1861. The Company was designated as Co. A, 15th Regiment, Mass. Volunteers. He was in all the actions in which that gallant regiment participated, until his capture at Antietam. He was taken to Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., and after a few weeks was parolled and carried to Camp Parol!, Annapolis, Md., and shortly after came home as a parolled prisoner. On account of injuries received at the time of his capture, a severe attack of fever and ague, and general disability, incident to severe campaigns and prison life, he received an honorable discharge Dec. 31st, 1862; During the year 1863 he resided a short time in Brookfield, Conn., and after his return to Leominster, received notice that he had been drafted to fill the quota of Brookfield. He at once reported to the authorities in Conn., but was rejected. It being his wish to do such military duty as lay in his power, he enlisted in a Band organized by P. S. Gilmore, for service in the gulf States, Nov. 23d, 1863. This Band was known as the ist Brigade Band, and a part of the time was assigned to the 8ist Reg. U. S. Colored Infantry, Department of the Gulf. By reason of failing health he was discharged at New Orleans, July 20th, 1865.

In the Spring of 1868, feeling that Leominster should be represented in the State Militia, he, with several other veterans of the late war, in twenty-four hours, recruited a company of 60 men, who were shortly after mustered into the service of the State for a term of three years, as Co. K, loth Reg., M. V. M. At the election of officers he was unanimously chosen Captain. While this company was under his command, he was one of the most earnest, faithful, and eminently successful Company Commanders in the State. During this time the Leominster Light Infantry, as an organization, was an honor to the State Militia, and to the town of Leorninster. This office he continued to hold until his death, which occurred March 13th, 1873. He was buried with the military honors due his rank, the funeral being largely attended by the officers of the Regiment. Capt. Cook was twice married. His first wife was VAlen H. Green of Ashby, Mass., who died April 6, 1869. March 6, 1873, he was married to Belinda Whitcomb of this town.

Previous to the war he was connected with the State Militia, and was also interested in the fire department, being F'oreman of Torrent Engine Company in its palmiest days.

Upon the breaking out of the rebellion he enlisted, July 12, 1861, with his old Company A, in the 15th Reg., for three years, but owing to poor health he received his discharge from the service, Feb. 3d, i'i6^, and returned home. He subsequently re-enlisted in the 4th Mass. Cavalry, and was made Quarter-master Sergeant. On the morning of the 4th of Feb. 1865, he was captured bv the enemy and remained in Andersonville prison until the 20th of March following, when he was parolled and sent to Vicksburg. Soon after this he returned home. Upon the re-organization of the Leominster Light Infantry as Co. K, loth Reg., he was elected First Lieutenant, and upon the death of Capt. Cook, succeeded to the command of the company. He afterwards felt obliged to resign his commission on account of his health.

For four years Captain Bennett was associated with Aldrich Cook in the comb business until 1876, when he was obliged to give up his business. March 5, 1877, he died at his home on West street. Captain Bennett was only 18 years of age when he entered the army, and a life of rare promise seemed open before him. He was an activ^e and public spirited young man, genial and impulsive, ancl was liked by all who knew him

Particularly was this true with the young men of the place, among whom he was very popular. His death was keenly felt in the community where his social qualities made for him so many personal friends among all classes in town.

Many gallant soldiers went from Leominster, served faithfully during the war, and still survive. We select, in addition to some who are mentioned elsewhere, as worthy representatives. Col. Joslin, and Captains, Rockwood and Brown.

Col. George C. Joslin was the youngest son of Major Elias Joslin, and brother of Mr. Charles L. Joslin, and Mrs. W. B. Tisdale of this town, and was born in Leominster, August 19, 1839. Previous to the war he removed to Worcester, and while there he belonged to the City Guards. At the breaking out of the war. Major Devens recruited a three-months battalion of Rifles, and Mr. Joslin accompanied them as 2d Lieutenant. Before the expiration of their service Major Devens was transferred to the command of the 15th Reg., and Lieut. Joslin was appointed Captain of Co. i. He participated in the campaigns and battles of his regiment until, at Antietam, he was wounded, and came home. As soon as he was sufficiently recovered he rejoined his regiment. He was surprised and captured while on a skirmishing expedition, and after being confined in several rebel prisons, was held for a time, with other officers, as hostages, at Charlestown, S. C, and upon being exchanged, returned to '^his regiment. At the battle of Gettysburg, Col. Ward was killed and Col. Joslin assumed command during the rest of the battle, and remained in command until the regiment was mustered out. Soon after the war Col. Joslin went to Chicago, but afterwards returned to Boston, where he received an appointment as clerk in the custom house. He was afterwards promoted to Assistant Ap-

Captain George W. Rockwood, for several years previous to the war, was in the militia service. He was thoroughly posted in military matters and extensively known as a good disciplinarian. As Commander of Co. A, 15th Reg., he went to the war, was captured at Ball's Bluff, and was one of several commissioned ofificers who were held as hostages for the same number of rebel privateers of equal rank, who had been captured by the U. S. Government. After his release he rejoined his regiment, remaining with it until Jan. 26, 1863, when he resigned his commission. The officers and men who served under Capt. Rockwood, bore testimony to his bravery and efficiency, and no officer stands higher in the estimation of surviving comrades than he. F'or several years he has resided in Marlboro', Mass., where, together with his son, he has been engaged in the ornamental painting business.

Captain G. W. Brown, was a native of this town, went as a private in Co. A, 15th Reg., was promoted through the different grades, until he was made Captain, and came home in command of the company after a three years' service. Immediately after the close of the war, Capt. Brown proceeded to Colorado, which was then a territory, and engaged successfully in the cattle raising business. He is now a prominent citizen of Longmont, Boulder Co., Colorado.

The Soldiers' Monument

The project of a Soldier's Monument was first brought to a decisive point in the spring of 1866, when the requisite funds were appropriated by the town and a committee empowered to carry a plan into effect. This committee consisted of Messrs. John H. Lockey, Leonard Ikn-ragc, Joel Smith, Solon A. Carter and William Tilton.

It was at first proposed to erect the monument "within the enclosure on the common ; " but in December the present location "on that part of the common in front of the hotel," (the hotel then standing on the corner of Pleasant street) was decided upon and an extra appropriation made for the additional expense of grading. The monument, with its present surroundings, is so well represented in the illustration that little need be said by way of description. It is of Quincy granite, rising 23 1-2 feet from a base, 6 feet and 10 inches square, bearing, on the first stone above the base, inscriptions in raised letters, on four sides, Gettysburg, Port Hudson, Ball's Bluff and Knoxville. These were the more important battles in which Leominster soldiers took a part. Above this stone is the die, upon the four sides of which are enscribed the names of Leominster's fallen heroes, and above the die a handsome obelisk with stars represented near the top.

The monument was completed and formally dedicated Sept. I2th, 1867. It was an unusually fine day; nearly every store and building was decorated with flags and bunting. The monument was wreathed with laurel and profusely decked with flowers, and the town was thronged with visitors. The dedicatory exercises took place on the common, in the afternoon. The procession (headed by the Leominster Brass Band) under command of Capt. Leonard Wood, Marshal of the day, was composed of Company K, loth Reg., M. V. M., and past soldiers of this and neighboring towns. Among those who occupied seats on the platform were several members of the old Leominster Artillery, who served in the war of 181 2, among whom may be mentioned Col. Elias Joslin, Phineas Burditt, Oliver Barrett, William Boutelle, David Tenney, and Oilman Robbins.

H. Smith, organist at the Unitarian Church), sung by the Choral Club, composed of young men and women belonging to the different religious societies. Rev. W. J. Batt of the Orthodox Congregational Church, read selections of scripture, and Rev. Horace Parker, of Ashby, offered prayer. Mr. Joel Smith, who acted as chairman in the absence (from illness) of Mr. J. H. Lockey, then introduced James Bennett, Esq., who read an original poem of a patriotic character. The ninth stanza of this poem commenced with the words : while the author was reading this verse, a bevey of young maidens, dressed in white, advanced to the monument and decked it with red, white and blue garlands. After the reading of the poem, came the patriotic address by the orator of the day, Rev. Geo. S. Ball of Upton, a native of Leominster and chaplain during the war. An original hymn, written by James Bennett, Esq., was then sung by the Choral Club. Rev. Rufus P. Stebbins was next called upon and gave a speech, interspersed with old memories, and closed with a poem replete with humor and pathos. The exercises closed with an interesting and unexpected floral tribute (by the young ladies who had decorated the monument) to the following named gentlemen : Rev. Geo. S. Ball, Rev. Rufus P. Stebbins, Gen. Kimball, Capt. Joel A. Stratton, Capt. Rockwood, James Bennett and Solon A. Carter. In 1880, through the generosity of Mr. J. Wallace Lines, who left a bequest of $100 towards erecting a fence around the monument, and upon the appropriation of $500 for the same purpose by the town, the curbing was raised, the fence put in place and the land graded. Messrs. Joel Smith, T. J. Ames, and VV. H. Loverino- were the committee having it in charge.

The first movement to establish an encampment in Leominster was made in the Autumn of 1867 by five old veterans : L. A. Cook, A. J. Parker, F. W. Polley, E. A. Bennett, and Charles H. Wilder ; but, from a lack of enthusiasm among their old comrades, the idea was abandoned, and the five just mentioned made application to, and joined. Post 19 of Fitchburg, which had been chartered but a few months. This lack of interest was due to the fact that a previous organization had

The first decoration services un- 1 r the auspices of the G. A. R. \\ ;re held upon "Commemoration I y," 1868, by a detachment from i ist 19, consisting of the five comrades from this town. In June, 1868, Aldrich Cook, C. B. Flagg, J. G. Eaton, \Vm. A. Burrage, J. F. Chaffin, aud Geo. A. Browne joined Post 19, and soon after measures were taken to form a Leominster Post, resulting in the granting of a charter bearing date of June 13th, 1868, with the names of the above mentioned comrades as charter members.

The Post was organized July 9th, at the Armory of Co. K, in the upper story of " Gardner Hall." The ofificers chosen and installed at that time were : Commander, Lucien A. Cook ; S. V. C, \Vm. A. Burrage ; J. V. C, F. W. Policy ; Adjt., J. F. Chaffin ; O. M., A. J. Parker ; Sergt. Maj., C. B. Flagg ; O. M. S., G. A. Browne.

old Armory building, that stood for years upon the " Old Training Field," and was used jointly by the "Artillery " and "Rifle" Companies. Subsequently it was removed to the spot where P. W. Newell's building now stands and a story put underneath the original, or, upper story, which was occupied by the Post. Several years after it was moved to its present location and occupied by comrade J. J. Railey. After several removals the Post at last encamped in its present attractive quarters. Its history, in the meantime, has been one of good work done, and its record such as to secure the hearty sympathy and co-operation of the community in its efforts.

Probably the most successful meeting ever held by the Post was a Grand Camp P^ire, given April 26th, 1877, at which time the Department Commander and Staff, Posts 19, of Fitchburg, 59, of Sterling, 64, of Clinton, 48, of Ayer, and 50, of Townsend, were present. The parade was headed by the Fitchburg Band, and in the evening a concert was given in the town hall, by local talent, under the direction of comrade J. F. Chafifin, after which stirring speeches were made, and a collection, amounting to $85.00, taken up to be given towards establishing a Soldiers' Home in Massachusetts. This action was the means of placing the town of Leominster first in the State to respond to the call for contributions for that purpose. The full amount turned over to the Department Commander for the Soldiers' Home was $572.05.

About $2000.00 has been expended in charity by the Post during the past ten years, and nearly 200 families aided. This does not include many donations made by comrades, which did not pass through the Post's funds, nor does it include about $600 given to the Soldiers' Home, nor the $900 stolen from them. All these sums foot up nearly $5500.00, or an average of about $275 per year, for the past twenty years. Early in 1885, the organization met with a heavy loss through the rascality of their comrade, and previously highly esteemed Quartermaster, \Vm. H. Lovering, who absconded with the entire funds of the Post, excepting about ^45.00, and for which he was court-martialed and dishonorably discharged from the G. A. R. Although disheartened at their loss they immediately took measures to replenish their treasury. The sympathy of the town's people was shown in a substantial way, the Post realizing handsomely from the various enterprises which they brought out. The Ladies Relief Corps donated $100.00. The ist Congregational Society from their calico party, $69.30. The Baptist Society $20.00. The largest and most successful enterprise was the Grand Fair held from Oct. 12 to the 17th, which netted $4616.57. Thus, what appeared to be a calamity was really a blessing in disguise, for the Post found itself in good circumstances once more. Old soldiers, who had not until then manifested an interest, felt the severity of the loss and like true soldiers rallied to its assistance, joined the ranks and are now doing all in their power to help carry on the work successfully. The officers of Post 53 for 1888, are : T. A. Hills, Commander ; H. N. Spring, Senior Vice Commander ; D. W .Martin, Junior \"ice Commander ; C. A. Wheeler, Surgeon ; E.

B. Payne, Chaplain; A. W. Allen, Adjutant; J. J. Railey, Quartermaster ; C. B. Flagg, Officer of the Day; Elijah Thompson, Officer of the Guard ; Albert Flagg, Sergeant-Major ; G. A. Richardson, Q. M. Sergeant.

From the time he was thirteen years of age, until the Summer of 1862, he worked on a farm for his uncle, Dea. Emory Burrage. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Co. H, 33d Reg., which company his cousin, Joseph P. Burrage, had previously joined. Before leaving camp he was promoted to the rank of Corporal, and afterwards, while in Georgia, he was made Orderly Sergeant. After being mustered out of service in 1865, he learned the shoe business in Leominster, married in March 1869, Abbie Thayer of Leominster and subsequently removed to Marlboro', Mass. Me was elected Commander of the Post in 1869.

F. W. PoLLEV, third Commander, was born in Leominster, Feb. 26th, 1837. He worked at shoe-making until the war broke out, when he enlisted and served in Co. A, 15 th Reg., and in Co. H, 4th Reg., Mass. Heavy Artillery.

In 1862 he engaged in the shoe business with his father, under the firm name of A. M. Polley & Son, which business he still carries on. Together with others he helped organize Post 53, of which he was a charter member. He served as Senior and Junior Vice Commander, and from July, 1869, to Jan., 1873, as Commander.

J. A. .Stratton, fourth Commander, was born in Leominster in 1837. He enlisted in August, 1862, in Co. C, 53d Reg., Mass. Vols., and was commissioned as Captain. He was badly wounded at the assault upon Port Hudson, La., being shot through the head. He was mustered out with the Reg. Sept. 2d, 1863. He joined Post 53 in Nov., 1869, and served as Commander several terms. He is at present living in Reading, Kansas.

Elijah Thompson

C. B. Flagg, seventh Commander, is a native of Sterling, where he was born Feb. 13th, 1839. He enlisted in Co. A, 34th Reg., M. V. M., for three years. He was wounded May 15th, 1864, at New Market, Va., and discharged at Dale Gen'l Hospital, Worcester, July 3d, 1865. He joined Post 53 in 1868 and was Commander in 1880.

W. B. Frissell, eighth Commander, was born in Thetford, Vt., in 1826. He enlisted in 1861 as private in Co. K, 6th N. H. Reg. He served three years ; was wounded at the second battle of Bull Run and Fredericksburg. He held the rank of First Sergeant at the time he was discharged in 1864. He moved to Leominster in 1865, and has since followed the business of carpentering.

Thomas J. Ames, ninth Commander, was born in Keene, N. H., Feb. 25th, 1843, and came to Leominster in 1850. He enlisted in Co. A, 36th Reg. Mass. Vols., July 14, 1862, and was with his regiment up to July 8, 1864, when he was wounded in front of Petersburg, Va., and was mustered out of service as Sergeant, July 18, 1865. He became a member of Post 53 in 1870. He served as adjutant for four years, and was Commander in 1884. He also served on the staff of Commander in Chief, R. B. Heath. He was appointed a Postal clerk in 1880.

Madison Beal, tenth Commander, was born in Winchendon, Mass., in 1846. He enlisted Oct., 17th, 1861, as private in Co. I, 26th Mass. Vols, and was discharged from service Nov. i8th, 1864. He joined Post 53 in 1871, and served as Commander in 1883.

ster, April i8th, 1841. He learned the comb business and has been, most of the the time since, interested in the manufacture of horn goods. From 1872 to 1876 he was engaged in the comb business with Capt. E. A. Bennett, under the firm name of Bennett, Cook & Co. He enlisted and served in the 5th Mass. Vols. He was a charter member of Post 53, and served as Commander in 1884.

A. W. Allen, thirteenth Commander, was born at Townsend, Vt., July 8th 1844. He enlisted first, April 19th, 1861, for three months, in the ist Reg., Vermont Infanty. He served his time out and re-enlisted, Oct. ist, 1861, for three years, in the 1st Reg., Vermont Cavalry, and was discharged at Stevensburg, Va., Feb., 1864.

By reason of re-enlistment he was granted a veteran's furlough of 35 days and after that period continued with the Reg. until the close of the war. During the war he was slightly wounded twice, but not enough to require the help of a surgeon.

WiLLARi) D. Blaxchard, fourteenth Commander, was born in Foster, R. I., Aug. 7th, 1844. He removed to Uxbridge and attended the schools there. Sept. 23d, 1861, he enlisted in Co. H, 25th Reg., Mass. Vols. He re-enlisted Feb. i8th, 1864, and was mustered out of service July 15th, 1865, by reason of the close of the war. He removed to Leominster in April, 1870, and has since that tinie been engaged in business as dealer and contractor in granite. He was Commander of Post 53 in 1S87, and the Worcester County Division G. A. R., 1887-8.

Feb. 19, 187S, by request of Commander Joel Stratton, and other comrades of the Post, a small company of ladies met in Wood's block, in the rooms then occupied by Mrs. L. J. Cook, for the purpose of forming a Ladies Society, to assist the Post in their labors of charity. March 4th, 1878, the Ladies Auxiliary Corps was organized with the following officers : President, Mrs. Joel Stratton ; Vice President, Mrs. L. J. Cook ; Secretary, A. S. Jaquith; Treasurer, Mrs. Amanda Wilder. January i, 1881, the name of the Society was changed to the Leominster Relief Society," and Dec. 2gth, re-organized under Its present name, "Woman's Relief Corps, 31, of the Department of Massachusetts," with the following officers : President, Mary A. Flagg ; Senior Vice Pres., Sarah F. Gallup ; Junior Vice Pres., Helena Brown ; Chaplain, Augusta Holman ; Conductor, Sarah Hicks. The officers for 1888, are. President, Sarah F. Gallup ; Sen. Vice Pres., Adolin O. Kendall ; Jun. Vice Pres., Sarah Hicks ; Sec, Mary A. Flagg ; Treas., Ella Butler ; Chaplain, M, Augusta Holman ; conductor, Emma Wells ; assistant conductor, Charlotte Danforth ; Guard, Sarah Parker ; assistant guard, Mary Locke.

The Sons of Veterans were mustered into service the evening of Dec. 15, 1885. The object of the organization is to keep in remembrance the deeds the fathers wrought, and to perpetuate the love they cherished for the country they so bravely defended. The membership is confined to young men whose fathers served their country during the Rebellion. The present officers are : G. H. Woodbury, captain ; G. S. Gibson, 1st Lieut; G. S. Boynton, 2d. Lieut.; H. E. McKenney, chaplain, (rank of Lieut.); W. C. Cozzens, orderly sergeant; G. A. Woodworth, O. M. Sergeant ; J. V. Cook, Sergeant of Guard ; John S. Wilson, Color Sergeant; W. F. Morse, Camp Guard ;

At a meeting of the Camp, held on Monday evening, July 25th, 1887, Rev. E, B. Payne, in behalf of 200 of his fellow townsmen, presented the Camp with a beautiful silk flag, elegantly mounted, and bearing the inscription : " E. A. Bennett Camp No. 52, S. of V., Leominster, Mass."

Old Military Companies

I"or many years Leominster furnished two companies of militia, the Old Artillery Company and "The Leominster Rifles ;" and for a long time was the Regimental headquarters. The manufacturers and business men of the town were personally interested in military matters and although it was the only town of its size in the State, having two companies, yet both received a liberal support and were in a flourishing condition. The palmiest days of the " Rifles " were during the 20 years previous to 1850. The Artillery Company, as previously stated, was in existence for nearly a century, although in later years it was organized as infantry.

Under the old militia laws, one Company of Artillery was allowed to each Regiment of Infantry. The Leominster Artillery Co. was attached to the 9th Regiment and always assigned the right of line.

In June, 1868, after the close of the war, the Company was re-organized. They made choice of Lucien A. Cook, Captain ; Eugene A. Bennett, ist Lieutenant ; William A. Burrage, 2d I^ieutenant ; and the Company was designated as Co. K, loth Regt., M. V. M. In 1878 the militia of the State was re-organized and Co. K, was transferred to the 6th Regt. In December, 1885, it was disbanded by order of Adjt. Gen. Dalton,

Patriotism, Ii 9

Time did its work and they became illegible. Some of the records were lost in the Worcester fire, so that at the present time there is very little relating to its history in a state of preservation.

The year previous to being disbanded, the Company went into muster with a small number of men, but at the time the order was received, Captain Winch was engaged in recruiting the Company. Had the organization lived to celebrate its centennial, fifteen months later, it would have been a red letter day in the history of Leominster.

Chaptkr Vii

ENEVOLENT and other organizations in Leominster, are numerous and well supported, the humane and social qualities of the people finding expression in their operation.

Secret Societies

The Masonic Order is represented by Wilder Lodge, F. & A. M., which was organized in 1859, and chartered June 14, i860, receiving its name from Hon. David Wilder. It should be stated here that Aurora Lodge, F. & A. M., the oldest organization in Fitchburg, was instituted in Leominster, June 9, 1801, and removed to Fitchburg in 1845. The charter members of Wilder Lodge were: Wm. Durant, Luther Longley, Calvin B. Cook, Ephraim Buss, Benjamin Higbee, Sewall Richardson, Wm. Wilder. John H. Lockey, Samuel Putnam, Geo. T. Lincoln, Charles H. Merriam, Emory Tilton, William B. Walker, F. W. Policy, C. T. Brown, Horatio Willard, L. N. Leslie, A. L. Putnam, Joel C. Allen. The Past Masters are: William Durant, John H. Lockey, Alfred L. Burditt, Charles A. Wheeler, Samusl Whittier, Joel P. Miller, Oliver J. Put-

D. Moody, S. W.; H. C. Garfield, J. W.; J. G. Tenney, Treas.; O. A. Taft, Sec. ; D. W. Martin, Senior Dea.; N. E. Metcalf, Junior Dea.; C. A. Joslin, Marshall ; C. H. Moore, Chap.; A. Draffin, S. S.; A. W. Colburn, J. S.; Mason Harris, I. S.; W. F. Wilkins, T. Stated communications, Tuesday, on or before full moon.

Improved Order of Red Men, Wachusett Tribe, No. 41. Instituted, May 18, 1887. The present officers are : Prophet, D. A. Driscoll ; Sachem, F. W. Osgood ; Senior Sagamore, S. A. McDonald ; Junior Sagamore, J. L. Jones ; Chief of Records, W. F. Lawrence ; Ass't. C. of R., C. H. Hyatt ; Keeper of Wampum, H. E. Davis ; G. of W., C. A. Burnham ; G. of F., I". S. Flagg. Meetings every Monday. Hall in Raton's Block.

Mutual Benefit Societies

Knights of Honor. Granite Lodge, No. 197, was instituted Dec. 2 1 St, 1875. Past Dictators : C. A. Wheeler, Geo. A. Bishop, J. P. Lockey, Geo. F. Morse, F. E. Nims, F. O. Lotlirop, II. G. Kdgcrly, D. I. Munsie, Aklrich Cook, Geo. H.

Ancient Order United Workmen. Tahanto Lodge, No. 23, was organized in 1881. The Past Master Workmen are : Wm. H. Savage, J. A. Cotton, H. R. Brown, J. A. Stowell, Albert Stevens, M. A. Greenwood, and O. A. Taft.

G. Derby, Guide ; Jason Buxton, I. W. ; C. F, Russell, O. W. Stated meetings, first and third Thursdays of each month. Royal Arcanum. Monoosnock Council, No. 977, was

Order of the Iron Hall, Branch y^j. Instituted June 8th, 1888. Officers : C. ]., M. F. Morse; V. J., Charles Brigham ; Acct. A. E. Burgess ; Cashier, F. S. Treworgy ; Adjuster, E. H. Nutting; Prelate, E. M. Wheeler ; Herald, J. A. Johnquest ; Watchman, W. F. Currier ; Vedette, M. Blodgett ; Medical Examiner, Dr. E. R. Miller. Meetings Friday evenings in I. O. G. T. Hall.

Leominster Firemen's Relief Association was chartered March 12th, 1879, for ^h*-' purpose of mutual relief, and assistance, under the calamities to which their public duties may expose them. President, Wm. H. Wood ; Vice Pres., A. W. Lowe ; Sec, A. L, Tenney ; Treas. PLlmer Bates.

Sons of Temperance. Aurora Division, No. 29, was instituted in 1879. The Past Worthy Patriarchs are : Joel Smith, Mason Harris, Mrs. Mason Harris, Mrs. Ira F. Holman, Mrs. Ola L. Smith, Chas. O. Moore, Z. S. Phelps, A. B. McPherson, Wm. C. McPherson, J. C. Smith, Janus L. Ellis, Geo. S. Boynton, ¥vtd W. Greenleaf.

Leominster Club, organized in April, 1S82. President, Geo. F. Morse'; Vice President, Dr. E. J. Cutter ; Secretary and Treasurer,^Edmund Munsie. Rooms in Allen's Block.

LocKEY Rifle Club, composed of the employes of the Lockey Piano Case Co., was organized April 10, 1886. President, J. H. Lockey ; Vice Pres., W. H. Wood ; Secretary, H. R. Davis ; Treas., A. J. Rugg ; Capt. W. H. Wood. Range off Mill street. Members of these rifle and gun clubs have done some excellent shooting, Messrs. George F. Prevear, E. M. Rockwell and F. A. Whitney thus far taking the lead.

The Leominster Town Improvement Association. This town early manifested an interest in planting, as well as preserving, shade trees, wherever they would beautify the place, and and was always ready to encourage the same public spirit in indi\'iduals.

About the year 1765, the land since used for the new cemetery, was hired by Joshua Smith, the first tanner in town, with the expressed understanding that he should plant a row of elms by the side of it ; a condition which he fulfilled, but the soil not being suited to their growth, very few of them lived. The town also, in its corporate capacity, has caused trees to be set out in various locations. A few^ of the elms and other trees on the common, and in the vicinity of the three meeting houses and the Town House were of this number. The rest were planted by citizens. The avenue of elms on Main street were planted in the spring of 1763, and the maple trees around what is called "the neck," were placed there by Joel Crosby, Esq., who, for many years, took pains to set out ornamental trees, not only adjoining his own land, but along the line of the neighboring farms.

The first organized effort to secure public improvements, and to beautify the town, was made by the Leominster Town Improvement Association, which was organized February 2d, 1883. Its officers included an executive committee of fifteen, and sub-committees on trees, vines and climbing plants, Lectures and entertainments, membership, water-supply and drainage, and an advisory committee.

Mr. Howard M. Lane was its first l^resident, accepting the office to serve only until a complete organization was effected, and the Association placed on a working basis. As soon, therefore, as that point was reached, Mr. Lane resigned the position, and Mr. A. S. Paton was elected in his place. The Vice Presidents were : Dr. F. . E. Nims, Hamilton Mayo, N. Harwood and F. C. Bowen ; Secretary, Miss Laura S. Merriam; Treasurer, Amos B. Merrill. Some of the objects of the Association were to encourage and superintend the planting and maintaining of shade trees in the public streets and squares and trimming and preserving trees already existing, to encourage the planting of vines, climbing plants and flowering shrubs about the dwellings of citizens, and around the public buildings, to use its influence for the improvement of the water supply and drainage of the town, to consult v/ith the owners or occupants of dilajMdated buildings and unseemly plots of ground, and endeavor to secure an improvement in their general appearance. To im])r()ve and raise to a higher

The first and most important work undertaken by the Association was the improvement of the common. Several years prior to this Mr. George H. Norman contributed a receipted bill of $100.00 for his services to the town, with the provision that the sum should go towards providing a fountain whenever water should be put in. At the May town meeting, a committee consisting of Hamilton Mayo, Esq., T. B. Grimes and E. G.

Davis was ap- Nov. 6, 1 883, recthe Town immon and that the m e n t Associamittee to c a r- T h e report o f was accepted the $100, undergift of Mr. Norted toward the the contemplat- The Executive the Association Paton, Wm. B. G. Davis to atalso voting suittion for one Committee Tisdaleto superpointed, who, ommended that prove the com- Town Improvetion be thecomry out the work, this committee and adopted, and stood to be the man appropriaconstruction of e d fountain. Committee o f appointed A. S. Tisdale and E. tend to the work, able compensaman'stime. This chose Wm. B . intend the work.

M. H. Kittredge for the granite basin and the stone work, not including necessary excavations. The basin is of Eitchburg granite 25 feet in diameter, curbing and solid foundations

3 feet deep and filled inside with rubble, covered with cement. The cutting of the circular curbing was done by Frank M. Leavitt and Leonard Woods at no profit, and the thoroughness of the whole work is creditable to both contractor and workmen. The drinking fountain adjoining the stone basin was a gift to the town by S. M. Frost and cost ^loo.oo, and was made by the J. L. Mott Iron Works, New York. The laying out of the grounds was after a plan prepared by a former townsman, Mr. H. C. Burdett, of Boston. The loam, of which 227 loads were used, was obtained in exchange for a double quantity of gravel and having been put in place during the previous autumn, an old fashioned bee was appointed for June 6 and 7, 1884, when the citizens responded and the loam was levelled and the foundation of the walks was constructed by volunteer labor, after which a collation was served in the town hall by ladies of the Association. While the work was in jorogress, Mr. J. C. Allen, then too ill to be out, noticed the army of workmen on the common, and with his life -long public spirit, delegated Mr. C. S. Perry to distribute soda tickets among them at his expense. This was one of Mr. Allen's last public acts. Prominent among the workers, on this occasion, was Rev. Wm. H. Savage, shovel in hand, showing his interest by example as well as precept. It may be mentioned, in this connection, that the formation of the Improvement Society was first proposed by Mr. Savage, that he declined acting as its president believing it should be purely a town Society, but that he lost no opportunity, as long as he remained in town, of encouraging a public spirit in others. The Leominster Farmers and Mechanics' Association was organized in the Autumn of 185 1. Its object was to promote the interests of agriculture, and all industrial pursuits, and especially to benefit those engaged therein, by inciting to investigation, to reflection and to action, and by furnishing facilities for a fine interchange of oj^inions, thereby to call fortli

Chaptkr Viii

MONG those who have lived in Leominster in the past, there are few who may be said to have attained marked distinction beyond the hmits of their immediate ... -..^^^.v^^ / neighborhood. In the early history of the town the clerical profession was well represented by John Rogers, the medical A by Jacob Peabody, and the legal by Asa our purpose, in the foregoing pages, to give undue prominence to the subjects of these sketches, but to record briefly the doings of Leominster men of later years, who were active and useful in their day and generation.

Al\aii Crocker was, perhaps, more widely known than any other native of Leominster, llis father was a veteran in the Nichols & Kendall paper mill, where, at the age of eight years, Alvah found employment. At sixteen he entered Groton Academy, remaining until the fifty dollars, he had saved from his earnings, was gone, and he was obliged to leave to obtain money. Not succeeding in this, he ga\"e u]) all idea of getting

Biographical. I3T

In 1826, he selected a spot of land in West Fitchburg, built, with borrowed capital, his first paper mill and started in business. The location was in a birch swamp and not easily accessible, as the river road was not then built. Desiring to get a road further up the Nashua River, and meeting with opposition from the land-holders, he bought the whole Nashua valley to the Westminster line, gave the land for the road, and by this investment laid the foundation of financial success. All the mills of Crocker, Burbank & Co., have since bee<n located in this valley.

In every public enterprise Mr. Crocker exhibited the same rare sagacity and foresight shown in the management of his private affairs. In 1843, while in the Legislature, he advocated the railroad from Boston to Fitchburg, and in spite of opposition and ridicule, the Fitchburg Railroad was built and Mr. Crocker was made its first president. Three years later he accomplished the building of the Vermont and Massachusetts R. R., and was its first president. In 1847-8 he delivered several hundred lectures in behalf of the Troy & Boston R. R., doing more than any other man in the State to insure the completion of the Tunnel, and was one of the Commissioners, when the work was put into the hands of the State.

Besides the railroad enterprises, to which so much of his public life was given, a greater work was undertaken in the controlling and utilizing the magnificent water power of the Connecticut River at Turner's Falls. This work, however, wds left unfinished at his death. It was his ambition to make Turner's Falls not only rival Lowell, Holyoke and other large manufacturing cities, but to pass by and above them, and had

In 1872 Mr. Crocker was chosen Representative to Congress from the Ninth District, was afterwards re-elected, and was a member at the time of his death, whicli took place December 30th, 1874. In his own city, Fitchburg, Mr. Crocker labored steadily and persistently to secure needed improvements, being largely instrumental in getting a water supply. During the war he was a staunch patriot, and a liberal donor of time and money to secure the triumph of the great and good cause. Gov. Andrew entrusted him with the honorable duty of caring for the wounded Massachusetts soldiers, and more than one patriot can testify that when funds were not available for the relief of his need, the money of Mr. Crocker was at once and judiciously drawn upon, to convey the aid desired.

David Wilder, died at his residence in North Leominster Friday, Sept. 21st, 1866, aged 88 years. No citizen of Leominster, probably, ever held more offices of trust given by the people. He represented the town eleven years in the Legislature, was a Justice of the Quorum throughout the Commonwealth, as a State Senator, Commissioner of the Highway, member of the Governor's Council, and for five years was Treasurer of the Commonwealth. He was a member of the Unitarian church for 57 years, and an officer (deacon) for 34 years. He was also a prominent Mason, Wilder Lodge receiving its name in his honor. Dec. 3, 1852, he finished writing The History of Leominster, which was his last public business. Dr. Charles Woodward Wilder was born in Ashburnham, Mass., December 30th, 1793. He was a member of the class of 18 17, Dartmouth Medical School, and there he received his diploma as Doctor of medicine. He commenced the practice of his profession with Dr. Haskell of Leominster, and remained with him about three years, after which he moved to Templeton, Mass., where he was engaged in an extensiv^e practice for eleven years. Leaving Templeton in 1832, he went to Fitchburg, and for some time was engaged in the practice of his profession in that place in company with Dr. Snow. From Fitchburg he returned to Leominster and made this place his home for the rest of his life. He practiced his profession with remarkable success, not only in this town but in all the adjoining villages. He was also deeply interested in all the important events of his time. He was full of progressive ideas and believed in improvements. He was public spirited, and took an active part in the affairs of the town and county. For many years he was a member of the school committee and during the years 1836, 'n, '45, '47 and '48 represented the town in the State Legislature. During his life he held many other offices of public trust and distinction. He was for some time President of the Worcester District Medical Societv, before which, in 1843, he delivered a very able disertation on Pulmonary Consumption. When the old Fitchburg Bank was first organized he was one of its charter members, and held the office of Director during his life. He was one of the prime movers in organizing the Fitchburg and Worcester R. R. Company, now a part of the Old Colony system, and it is chiefly owing to his energy and perseverance that the road was completed and the enterprise made a success. He was elected the first president of the road, and after resigning that office became one of the directors of the company, which office he held up to the time of his death. He was also a member of the Bunker Hill Monument Committee, and took an active part in all public matters up to the last year of his life. The final disposition of his property by will showed, in a marked degree, his blended benevolence and thoughtfulness that distinguished him through life, by his liberal bequest of twenty thousand dollars to the Massachusetts General Hospital, for the support of free beds in that institution. He was a prominent member of the First Congregational (Unitarian) Society, and took an active part in all church matters. His mijst striking characteristics were his untiring activity and industry. He endeavored to use every moment for some good, and by this means climbed the ladder of life, commencing with the bottom round and ending with the top one of success.- His death occurred February 1 2th, 185 I.

James H. Carter was born in Lancaster in the year 1794, and removed to Leominster, where he was for many years one of the most influential and active business men. He first beean the manufacture of combs in the small house now standins: on the corner of West and Cotton streets, using the old fashioned horse-power in the business. He was afterwards associated with Isaac Cowdrey and Oliver Patch under the firm name of Carter, Cowdrey & Patch, the particulars of which are given in Mr. Cowdrey's sketch.

Mr. Carter served the town as chairman of the board of Selectmen and also on the board of Assessors. He was specially interested in the Fitchburg and Worcester R. R., and held the office of a director before it was consolidated with the Boston, Clinton and Fitchburg R. R. Mr. Carter was one of three original incorporators of the Leominster Savings Bank. John H. Lockey and Leonard Barrage being the other two, and was elected a trustee and served in that capacity as long as he lived. He was also a director in the First National Bank from the date of its incorporation until the time of his death, March 13, 1871.

J. C. Lane was born in Eppi ng, N. H., June 15, 18 15, and came to Leominster in 1845. He established the first piano shop and manufactured the first piano-forte cases ever made in this town. He first occupied a small building which stood near where Valpey & Anthony's shoe factory now stands and afterwards, in 1847, he built the shop now owned by the W. S. Reed Toy Co., and carried on business there for several years. During all the years of his residence in Leominster Mr. Lane was an active and efficient member of the M. E. Church and a prominent and respected citizen.

Oliver Patch was born in Fitzwilliam, N. H., August 9th, 1805, and died in Wilmington, Vt., June 28th, 1875. When a young man Mr. Patch removed to Leominster and engaged in the livery and jobbing business. He afterwards started in what was then a new business in Leominster, the buying and selling of coal. He was also a member of the firm of Carter, Cowdrey, & Patch, as stated in sketch of Isaac Cowdrey, and was for a time interested in the Union Comb Co. Upon the organization of the First National Bank Mr. Patch was made a director, which office he held as long as he lived. Some time previous to his death Mr. Patch gave up active business, retiring to his farm which he carried on as long as he was able to labor.

Charles H. Merriam was born March i, 1822, in the town of Westport, County of Essex, in the State of New York. He was one of seven children of Josephus and Betsey Merriam. His father died when he was six years of age, and the family, consisting of the mother, four boys and three girls, removed to this State, and located in Fitchburg, where in early life he worked in the cotton mill, after which he lived on a farm for a brief time. He then learned the harness trade and became a master workman. In 1847, ^^ began the study of law with his brother in Connecticut. He was afterwards a student at Middlebury, Vt. In 185 1, he returned to Massachusetts, and in 1852 was admitted to the practice of the law in the Courts of this Commonwealth, and the same year opened an office in Leominster. He was appointed Trial Justice, which office he held until his death. In i860, he was elected a delegate to the National Republican Convention, which Convention nominated Abraham Lincoln, for the Presidency. In the early stages of the Rebellion he was active. He enlisted in the 53d Regiment as Colonel but sickness compelled him to return home. For many years he was counsel for the town in all legal matters, was many times elected to the office of Selectman, and as a member of the School board giving to the town for many years valuable service in both these offices. He held almost every important office in town, within the gift of the people; was active in introducing the water works into town and had been chairman of the water board from the beginning. The present High School Building was erected under his supervision and when the town hall was remodelled, and the library,. reading room and selectmen's room were devised, it was done largely under his direction. In 1869,- 70,-71, he represented his district in the State Legislature. While a member of the House, he was twice placed on the Judiciary Committee of that body, and there his ability as a lawyer and legislator became apparent. He was assigned to the difficult task of drafting general laws touching the sale of Spirituous Liquors, Statues improving the Probate System and others of larger importance. He was regarded as one of the ablest legislators of those years. In 1878-9 he represented his district in the Senate, where he found his place on the Law Committee of that body, and fully maintained his reputation as a skilfull and wise legislator.

It can be truly said of him, that whatever position he was called upon to occupy by the citizens, he entered upon the duties of the office with a conscientious determination to discharge them to the best of his ability. He died at his residence on Main street, Sunday morning, Oct. 7th, 1883.

son and character he was like his father and grandfather, firm and faithful in the discharge of all trusts committed to his care. In addition to these qualities of mind and character, Mr. Nichols brought with him to Leominster a thorough knowledge of business methods. He was a competent book-keeper and made a complete revolution in the system of keeping the town books. He was for some ten years Treasurer of the Town, was a Commissioner under the bankrupt laws for his district in 1842, and held a Justice of the Peace Commission for many~years. He was also a member of the Board of Directors of " The Fitchburg Bank," where his ability and experience made him a valuable member.

Those who were intimate with Mr. Nichols, and knew him during these years, remember him as a man of sterling integrity, honest and faithful in all things. He was looked up to by the town's people and was considered worthy to be held up as a pattern for young men to emulate. Few men have exerted a more salutary influence in the community, or whose departure caused such universal regret.

Levi Goss was born in Lancaster, Mass., in the year 18 13. He received a good common school education, and, at an early age, entered the employ of Eli B. Sampson at Boylston, where he continued as his clerk for a number of years, acquiring a thorough knowledge of the Dry Goods and Grocery business. He was afterwards associated, as partner, with O. B. Sawyer in the same line of business in West Boylston. In 1864 he moved to Leominster and bought out the business of J. Q. A. Pierce. This business he continued with his son-in-law, D. I. Harthan, m the brick block owned by him, on the corner of Mechanic street. In 1872 the firm dissolved, Mr. Goss retiring from active business.

He was chairman of the board of Selectmen both in West Boylston and Leominster, and he was deeply and actively interested in the building of the fine carriage-road to the summit of Wachusett mountain, and in the improvement of that popular resort.

He was a director in the First National Bank from 1872 until the expiration of its charter and the formation of the new bank. He was also one of the trustees of the Leominster Savings Bank for several years, continuing in that office until the time of his death, Dec. 23d, 1884. For many years of his life, Mr. Goss was called upon to settle estates and to serve as trustee and guardian for minors and others, and in all these positions manifested rare ability with perfect integrity. Those who knew him well honored, respected, and loved him. He was a friend and counsellor to many who needed advice, and a man from whom every one received it kindly. It has been said by one who knew him well : " His salutation and cordial hand shake strengthened one's faith in humanity, and made the day seem brighter."

Joseph Cozzkns came to Leominster from Holliston about the year 1845 and with his brother Leonard, engaged in the Lumber and Grain business at the Haws' mill - -now Harwood's - and, after his brother's death, continued alone until about i860, when he sold the mill and bought the Carter farm, where he lived the rest of his days. He was elected a director in the l-'irst National ]^ank in 1868, holding that office until Jan. ist, 1885, when he declined re-election. He was a trustee, also, of the Savings Bank from its organization, and for thirteen years a member of its board of investment. For several years he was a member of the board of Overseers of the Poor and also one of the Road Commissioners, and filled many other important positions of trust.

Mr. Cozzens was a straightforward, practical, business man. "He expressed his opinions plainly and positively, and was always ready to fulfil just what he promised, nothing less, nothing more. No one loved a social hour with a friend better than he, and he made every one cheerful by that ready, jovial manner, so peculiar to him. Such men are missed, for they help make life pleasant."

William Milton Rowland was born May i8th, 1817, in Conway, Mass. He was a lineal descendent of John Howland, one of the Pilgrim Fathers who came over in the Mayflower in 1620. John Howland's wife was Elizabeth Carver, a daughter of John Carver, the first Governor of Plymouth Colony.

Mr. Howland was engaged in the manufacture of carriages in his native town. In 1847 ^e moved to Springfield, with his family, where he worked as a machinist, and soon after removed to Leominster.

Here, in 1855, he engaged in business with Mr. John H. Lockey, first in the manufacture of corn planters, and afterv^ards, very successfully, in the manufacture of apple parers. In 1866, Mr. Howland retired permanently from business. During the remainder of his life he was often called upon to fill positions of responsibility and trust. He was public spirited, and his advice was sought in public enterprises. He was actively interested in getting a water supply for the town and was Treasurer of the Water Board, a position which he held at the time of his death.

and, in 1872, when the Society built their present house of worship, he was one of the largest contributors. He was chosen chairman of the building committee, and to him the Societyis indebted for the good taste displayed in many parts of their beautiful edifice. He was, also, a member of the organ committee, and by his taste and experience as a musician did most effective service.

He was an earnest christian, a model husband, and a loving father. "He always had a kind word for every one, and his genial disposition and cordial greeting made him many friends." He died, after a short illness, Sept. 3d, 1874.

Joel Crosbv Allen was born in Leominster, in the house now occupied by Mrs. James Bennett, Main street, Sept. 2d, 1817. His early life was spent on what is known as the Miles farm with his uncle, Mr. Joel Crosby. He was named for Mr. Crosby, and at his uncle's death inherited a share of his property. At the age of 18 Mr. Allen, in company with his father, began the general merchandise business in a store which stood where Allen's block now is. Later he was in company with Mr. Chas. H. Colburn, under the firm name of Colburn & Allen. For some years, after this firm dissolved, Mr. Allen was not in business. During this time the store was in charge of his brothers ; first, of Geo. A. Allen and then of William T. Allen. Later Mr. Allen resumed the business in connection with Mr. Porter Kimball. When Mr. Kimball retired from the firm the business was continued by Mr. Allen until the formation of the First National Bank of Leominster, when he accepted the position of Cashier. At that time the bank was located in what was called "Allen's Building." After some years of faithful service he was forced, by pressure of public duties and private business, to resign ; but he remained a director of this bank, and its successor, until his death. He was, also, a trustee of the Leominster Savings Bank.

Biographical

As a public servant, Mr. Allen was most faithful and efficient. In 1845 he was elected Town Clerk and a few years later, Town Treasurer. He held both these offices at the time of his death. No other name was ever mentioned for either place in all the years he served the town as its Clerk and Treasurer. He gave time and strength to these duties without stint, though the pay was no adequate return for the service rendered. His was a long and most honorable public service.

Mr. Allen served the public in other ways. He was chosen to represent the town in the Legislature in 1852, and in 1853 was the the chosen member representing the town in the State convention to revise and amend the constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In the year 1863 he was elected Senator for this district, giving satisfaction to his constituency and honoring the office more than th3 office could honor him. He was Treasurer of the Fitchburg and Worcester R. R., while in process of construction, and afterwards Vice President and Director in the Company.

For the larger portion of his life he held the office of Notary Public and Justice of the Peace, placing his seal upon hundreds of documents without fee, simply because he thought the other party needed the money more than he. Allen's Block, built after the destruction of the old store by fire, stands as a monument to his public spirit and the pride he took in his native town and its welfare.

Mr. Allen was, from his early youth, an active and earnest worker in the Unitarian Church. He shared, to the fullest extent, the work and burdens of both church and parish, and among its honored dead none are more honored than he, but he did not actually enroll his name as a member until the latter part of his life.

to speak here : but this may be said in all confidence, that Leominster has no more honored name than that of Joel Crosby Allen, and she never need desire a more faithful and loving servant. Mr. Allen died at his home June 23d, 1884.

Samuel Merriam was born in Mason, N. H., July 29, 1818. He received his education in the public schools of that town, and, at the age of 17, was apprenticed to the firm of Scripture & Ames, of Mason Village, to learn the tin and stove business. He remained there until he was twenty-one years of age. He was then hired by a firm in Woonsocket, R. I., where he worked as a journeyman a short time, and subsequently went to Nashua, N. H. In the spring of 1844 he went to West Boylston, Mass., and commenced business for himself; but not feeling quite satisfied, he sold out his business in the autumn and went to Worcester, where he engaged in the same business, in company with P. D. Russell, remaining there until the year 1850, when he removed to Fisherville, [now Penacook] N. H., and formed a partnership with H. H. Amsden of that place.

In 1853, in connection with H. H. Amsden and B. F. Caldwell, he commenced the manufacture of pine furniture, under the firm name of Caldwell, Amsden, & Co. Wherever Mr. Merriam lived he took a deep interest in the welfare of the place. While there he served as Councilman and Alderman several years, and in 1853-4 ^^^s member of the Legislature at Concord.

In the spring of 1864 he came to Leominster and, in company with George Hall of Nashua, N. H., purchased the land and water privilege and commenced the manufacture of furniture under the firm name of IMerriam, Hall, & Co. When he came to Leominster he brought with him the same public spirit which had characterized him in other places. He was soon chosen Chairman of the Board of Selectmen and Director of

Samuel Merriam

When a young man he united with the Baptist Church in Mason, N. H., and all through his active life his church was very dear to him; he spent both strength and money for the promotion of its welfare. He was Deacon of the Central Baptist Church and Superintendent of the Sunday School many years. He was also interested in the Baptist Vineyard Association, being one of the Directors of the same at the time of his death, which occurred Dec. 30th, 1880.

Major Joseph Tenxey, son of Joseph Tenney, was born in Bradford, Mass., Nov. 26th, 1776, and died Mar. 25th, 1858. He was a carpenter by trade and was for many years the only contractor in town. He was the first in this town to construct a building by the " square rule," the usual method being what was known as "the scribe rule."

During the greater part of his life he was interested in military affairs and was actively connected with the State Militia, and at the time the requisition was made, in the war of 1812, for artillerymen, the response came from the Old Leominster Artillery Company : " We will go as a Company," and they went to South Boston with Captain Tenney as their Commander. The British failed in their attempt to " lay waste the whole American coast," and after the sacking and burning of Washington were obliged to withdraw their army. The Company remained on duty until all danger was past when they returned, Capt. Tenney receiving a Major's commission.

Mr. James Burdett was born in Leominster, on the old Burdett place, about one mile from the Center on the Lancaster road, where his father lived, and died at the age of 97 years, he having purchased it a few days after the battle of Bunker Hill, on which memorable occasion he was present. Mr. James

Burdett was one of the pioneers in the comb business, and had his shop at the home place, the work at that time being all done by hand. Mr. Burdett was, also, engaged in farming. He was a quiet, unassuming man who understood his own business, and attended to it. He was an old pensioner of the War of 1 812, and the oldest man in town at the time of his death. During his life he held many ofifices of trust. He was elected the first " Free Soil" Representative to the Legislature of the State, and at times held other minor ofifices, such as Selectman, Overseer of the Poor, Assessor, etc. He did his work faithfully, and was a respected and valued citizen. He died at the home of his son, Mr. A. L. Burdett, on Grove Avenue, June I, 1884, at the advanced age of 92 years, 10 mos., 16 days.

Joseph Sumxer Darling was born in Leominster, June 8, 1802, and for nearly four score years he was closely identified with its growth and life, taking an active interest in all matters relating to the welfare of the place, and always discharging his duties with conscientious fidelity.

He was honored with the several ofifices of Constable, Assessor and Selectman, and represented his town in the State Legislature. As a citizen soldier he acquired the title of " Colonel" by reason of his connection with the then famous 9th Reg., Mass. Vol. State Militia, of which he was the commanding ofificer for some time. For eight years he was connected with the Custom House at Boston, as Inspector of Customs, and lost his position on account of his unflinching adherence to his political conv^ictions. During this period he lived in the city and subsequently, for five years, in Belchertown.

In the political questions of the day he took great interest. He was an old line democrat, and never swerved from his political faith, while he lamented the deficiencies and departures of

Biographical. I45

Mr. Darling was for 52 years a consistent member of the Orthodo.x Church of this place, uniting with it upon confession of Faith in 1831. This church was formed and for two years worshipped at the house of his mother, Mrs. Mary Lincoln, who was one of the four worn 3a, of the original ten persons organized as a Church Dec. 25, 1822. This house is now occupied by Mr. J. H. Joh.ison on West street. Mr. Darling was always loyal to the faith of the church, constant in his attendance upon its worship and liberal in the support of its ordinances.

He had more than ordinary endowment of that quality so rare in possession or e.xercise, " good common sense." He was wise as a counsellor, firm and righteous as an administrator of trusts, and his decision in matters referred to him for judgment, were rarely reversed. Mr. Darling was a man possessed of a very retentive mind. Since the days of his early manhood he had seen two generations come and go, and in his later years his memory of those who had passed away was more comprehensive than his knowledge of, and acquaintance with, the living.

Silas Richardson was born March 22, 1802. at the old homestead of the family, in North Leominster, now owned and occupied by his brother, M. D. Richardson. He lived on the old homestead until he was twenty-one when he began life for himself, working on the farm in the summer and teaching school in the winter, for thirteen years. In 1846 he was appointed se.xton of the town cemetery, which position he held for twenty-six years. His failing health caused him to resign the position to his son, Charles H. Richardson, who still holds it. Mr. Richardson was one of the hardest working men of ments. His duty was his pleasure, always. He died at his residence on Grove Avenue on Sunday morning, Jan. 16, 1876, mourned for, not only in his own family circle, but by the community and the Church, of which for many years he was a. member.

Aakox S. (iiiu'.s, familiarly known as (jcneral (libbs, was born in Boylston, and came to this town in in 1833. He spent his early life in Leominster, being engaged in trade for several years in a building fronting on Monument Square, but now standing in the rear of Wood's Block. He kept a country store, supplying everything in the line of Dry and West India goods. In 1 841 he went to New York, returning to Leominster after a few years, and was for some time employed as book-keeper for Joel Smith. In politics he was a democrat, well read, and well informed on all political issues, and was not unknown to the distinguished men in his party. He held a General's Commission in the Mass. State Militia, and was well booked in military tactics. All his movements in private life showed that he had good military blood in his veins. He was a great reader and thinker and people enjoyed entering into conversation with him. Leominster was the place he loved above all others, and he chose to spend his last days here. Elias Joslix. (Sketch in the following chapter.) Oliver G. Caldwell, the second child of John and Mary Caldwell, was born in Lunenburg, in the year 1805. Five years later his parents removed to Ashburnham, where he was educated in the public schools of the town. The early years of his life were spent on the farm with his father. Leaving the farm he engaged for a time in the teaming business, and for several years after this in running a saw and grist mill. Mr. Caldwell moved to Leominster in 1855, where, in company with Mr. S, A, Miller he was for many years engaged in the manufacture of tubs under the well-known firm name of Caldwell & Miller, in which business he continued till 1874, when ne retirea from active life. For some years previous to his death, in 1 885, he was not actively connected with the business, though he still had a deep interest in business matters, and had at least an indirect connection with his former work in the person of his son-in-law, Mr. Lawrence. It may be said of Mr. Caldwell that he was a good business man, careful, painstaking and honest, against whose public or private life there was no reproach. He was not a man to thrust himself into notice. He was quiet and unassuming, but earnest and faithful. In his church relations as a member of the Orthodox church, he shared cheerfully its work and burdens, contributed liberally to its support and counseled wisely in its affairs. As a man and a Christian he is worthy to be honored and remembered.

Augustus Whitman was born at South Abington in March, 1821. His father, who died in 1878, aged nearly 94 years, was a prominent lawyer of Plymouth County, and served several terms in the State Senate. Mr. Whitman was educated in the schools of his native town and at Phillips Academy at Plxeter. He was possessed of marked traits of character which distino-uished him and rendered his life work successful Although he suffered from physical infirmities for many years, his mind was clear and active, and as a financier he had few superiors in this part of the State. His career gives an example of what may be achieved through uprightness of character, honesty of purpose, a just regard for the rights and happiness of others and an indomitable will, which, in his case, triumphed over physical infirmities. He was just and exact in all his dealings, kindly in disposition, generous in his contributions to both public and private enterprises, and a friend to worthy you'ig men, many of whom have cause to bless his memory for material assistance and advice. Mr. Whitman made his home in this town for many years, where he gave considerable attention to stock raising, and was one of the most extensive stock breeders in Worcester county, and paid a larger tax into the town treasury, than any other single individual or corporation. His death was caused by an accident. He was killed very suddenly by being thrown from his carriage, in the orchard adjoining his residence at Worcester, on Saturday, October 2d, 1880. ]\v the provisions of Mr. Whitman's will, among other benefactions, the Congregational churches at North Leominster and South Abington, received $5000 each.

Dr. James M. Randall, son of J. M. and A. R. Randall, was born in Woburn, Mass., Oct. 9, 1857. He was a graduate of Harvard Medical School. He settled in this town, in the year 1878, opening an office in the old Post Office building, owned by Charles H. Colburn. He was young, ambitious and deeply interested in his chosen profession. At this time the age of Dr. Field made his large practice burdensome to him, and becoming acquainted with the young allopath, who was entering upon ttie same line of practice v/hich he had followed successfully for half a century, a mutual respect and confidence resulted in a mutual benefit, Dr. Randall taking charge of the night work for Dr. Field and becoming quite intimately associated with him in his practice, and gained the confidence of his many patients, who naturally turned towards him when in need of a physician after the decease of Dr. Field. This, added to his own large practice, resulted in a heavy burden ; notwithstanding which, the doctor gladly devoted all his time and energies fulfilling what he considered his mission to those in suffering and distress. After being here some two years he moved into the Putnam house on Main street, his mother and sister coming to town at that time, to reside with him, and later on he purchased the Dr. I'^ield place, remodelHng it to suit his taste. It was at this time, and in the midst of arduous professional duties that sickness came, and he who had often been a source of strength to others, was himself unable to resist the destroyer. He passed away on the afternoon of November 4th, 1884, leaving the memory of a spotless character and an influence for good which is still felt in the communit}'.

Emory Tilton was born in Conway, Mass., April 24, 1817. He removed to Leominster in 1853, purchasing the Leominster House of Mr. E. Balch, and was proprietor of the same for some fifteen years. Soon after leaving the hotel he went into the Dry Goods and Grocery business in which he continued until ^^73, when he was elected a member of the Water Board ; and after the completion of the Works he was made the first Superintendent. This position he held up to the time of his death. In addition to his work in helping to secure a water supply for the town, may be mentioned his interest in the Fire Department. For many years he was a member of the Board of Engineers, serving at one time as Chief. His death occurred Jan. i, 1880.

Though not a church member, Mr. Tilton was actively identified with the Orthodox Congregational Society, where, as in his home and among business men, he was highly esteemed for his sterling worth and integrity.

William Tilton was born in Brighton, Mass., in 18 14, and that same year his parents moved to Conway, where he lived until twenty-four years of age. In 1838, he went to Ludlow, Vt., and commenced the horn comb business, which he carried on for twelve years. He was there honored with various town offices, and also served as a Justice of the Peace. In 1852 he came to Leominster, and shortly after went into partnership with the Messrs. Look Brothers, under the firm name of Look,

Tilton, & Co., in the horn comb business. He was honored by the town with several important trusts, and was, for the last two or three years of his life, collector of taxes. In the winter of 1869-70, under the preaching of Rev. Mr. Earle, he experienced religion and united with the Orthodox Congregational Church and ever after took an active interest in all its affairs. He was a member of the building committee of the new house of worship and one upon whom a full share of the labor and responsibility came, and by whom it was cheerfully borne. He was Treasurer of the Church at the time of his death, which occurred Dec. 7th, 1873. Mr. Tilton was married Nov. 24th, 1846, to Miss Cornelia A. Wyman. They had two sons, Wm. Francis and Edward B., the latter being one of the active business men of Leominster at the present time.

Biography By Families

No attempt will be made in this chapter to enter into the genealogy of the families referred to, but to give some items of family history, through the medium of brief sketches of the heads of families and most prominent members who are, or have been, residents of this town ; presenting the most important facts in the life of each. The families selected are the Morses, Burrages, Carters, Hills, and Joslins ; each represented by numerous descendants in this immediate vicinity.

The Morse'S

The families of Gardner and Augustus Morse are descended from Joseph Morse, of whom history gives us the following : Born in England, in 1587, emigrated to New England, 1635, settled in Ipswich, prior to 164 1. It further says he was prob- ably among the early but not the first proprietors and settlers of Ipswich, whose incorporation took place 1633, for it is evident from their records that he was acting as Commoner with them Dec. 28th, 1642, and the extent of his improvements four years later, indicate an earlier commencement than 164 1. The destruction of their earliest records precludes the hope of discovering his relative standing in the community ; but from the company in which he is found, the uncommon education in his family, and the references in his will to copies of precious religious books, it is inferred that he was a person of standing and piety ; and that, by his prayers and godly example, as well as by his sacrifices and enterprise, he has imposed everlasting obligations on his race. His will is dated Feb. 2d, 1646. In this, he gave a dwelling-house to his wife, Dorothea, his new cloak to his son, Joseph, his great l^ible to Hannah, and other Bibles and religious books to his children.

Gardner Morse was born in Dorchester, Mass., in 181 1, came to Leominster in 1827, was apprenticed to Bezaleel Gibson for four years, to learn the comb business, bought his time the last three months, beginning business on his own account July, 1832, in company with Erastus Thompson, on West street, at what is now the corner of Exchange street. This firm was succeeded by Gardner Morse & Co., the business being removed to the old Stearns Mill, at the foot of Carter's Hill, where Smith's Piano Forte works are at present located. Later on the firm of G. & A. Morse was formed, and the building up of Morseville, begun, a large brick factory being built for the manufacture of combs ; the firm employing some 100 hands in this line of business, doing a business of $ioo,oco a year; a large business for that period. Afterwards, on the same stream, they established the piano business, and later on, the chair business, employing, altogether, several hundred hands, necessitating the building of between twenty and thirty houses for their accommodation, besides the factories. Morseville, up to the breaking out of the war, was a very busy part of Leominster. General A. Morse being called at that time, by the Governor, to assist in fitting out troops for the war, the firm was dissolved, continuing from that time forward as G. Morse & Co., covering a business career of over fifty years. Mr. Morse married in 1833, Mary, daughter of Manassah W'illard, of Sterling, whose death occurred in 1883, after a happy union of nearly fifty years, residing in the same house on West street, for a period of forty-five years, where a family of 8 children were raised to man and womanhood. ^Mar}- C., the eldest, died in 1872, George F., and Albert G., of whom mention will be made, Charles A., the youngest son, who died in 1883, was a graduate of the Institute of Technology, and had acquired quite a reputation as a chemist among those who knew him. Anna M. is a teacher of music and painting and resides in Leominster, as does Elizabeth A., who married, in 1859, John H. Rice, whose family consists of one son, J. F. Rice, engaged in business in Fitchburg, and three daughters, Mary, Helen, and Edith. Henrietta A. married E. K. Abbot, of Norwich, Conn., who died in 1870, leaving two sons, Willie and Charley, who reside, at present, in Norwich, Conn., with their mother. Sadie H., the youngest daughter, is Supervisor of Music in the public schools of Fall River.

George F. Morse was born in Leominster Oct. i6th, 1835, in the house known as the Micah R. Ball house on West St. The following April his parents purchased what has been known for the past fifty years as the Gardner Morse place, on West street. Moving thereto brought them within School district No. 2, where the youth attended school until the age of twelve. Li that year (1847) the Leominster High School was organized, with W. S. Phillips as its first teacher ; and the sub- ject of this sketch was admitted as a pupil at the first term. After finishing a four years' course at the High School, he commenced work in the importing house of Hill, Burrage, & Co., Boston. (Alvah A. and Chas. H. Burrage, of the firm, being natives of Leominster). After serving two years at this business, at a salary of fifty dollars the first year and one hundred the second, he returned to Leominster and was in the employ of G. & A. Morse, during the years of 1854-5-6, as bookkeeper for the mill and manager of the grocery store connected with it. In 1857 the Morse Comb Company was formed, consisting of Gardner Morse, Wm. Booth, J. F. Goodhue, and G.

F. Morse. The loss of the mill by fire caused the dissolution of this Company the year following. Later on, the firm of G. Morse & Son was formed, which continued until 1861, when

G. F. Morse went into the army as clerk in the Quartermaster's Department. In 1862 he joined the 3d Division, 3d Army Corps, General Whipple, commanding. Continuing in the Quartermaster's department of this division from Harper's Ferry to Fredericksburg. He left the army in 1863, and, in company with General Morse, bought the city hotel property at Annapolis, Md. Disposing of his interest in the property the year following, he returned to Leominster, engaging once more in the comb business, until 1869, when he located in Boston, as proprietor of the Creighton House, on Tremont street. After a year's experience, and proving to his satisfaction that he could "keep a hotel,'' he sold the business to Mr. F. F. Balch and returned to Leominster. In 1871 the firm of G. Morse & Co. was formed, consisting of G. Morse, G. F. Morse, and A. G. Morse ; for the manufacture of combs and dealing in horns. G. F. & A. G. Morse taking the latter branch of the business the year following, and under the firm of G. F. Morse & Co., continuing the same for twelve years. The prosecution of this business rcquird extensive travel, taking him, in 1875, to California, in 1880, to Cuba and Mexico ; going from Havana to the City of Mexico in company with Generals Grant and Sheridan, at the time Grant was completing his visit around the world.