Lowell City (part 2 of 11)

November 10, Joseph Locke died. He was born in Fitzwilliam, N. H., April S, lll-l, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1797. He studied law with Timothy Bigelow, and was admitted to the bar in 1801. The next year he opened an office in Billerica. He was elected rcjiresentative to the legislature from that town in 1806, and was re-elected seven times. He was president of the court of sessions eight years. He was presidential elector the same year. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1820, and of the governor's council in 1822-23. He came to Lowell in 1833, and received tiie appointment of justice of the police court. In 184-9 he was one of the representatives to the legislature from Lowell.

In 185-t Sewall G. Mack was chosen mayor. Two principal events of this year were the organization of the Merchants' Bank, May 8, and of tlie Five-Cent Savings Bank, May 16.

In March, 1855, WiUiani Livingston died. Chietly to him Lowell owes the successful completion of the Lowell and Lawrence, and the Salem and Lowell railroads. These roads were incorporated and built, notwithstanding the persistent opposition of the Boston and Lowell Company, which claimed that its chartered rights were violated by their construction.

In June the Middlesex North Agricultural Society was organized, "William Spencer president. The society purchased a lot of land of the Boston and Lowell Railroad Company, and in 1860

In 1860 the Union Agricultural Library Association was established, with one hundred and forty members and a library consisting of two hundred and seventy-five volumes. The interest has subsided, but the books remain.

July 2, a registry of deeds for the Northern District of Jliddlesex County was opened in tlie new court-house, and A. B. Wright was appointed register. Mr. Wright was succeeded by I. W. Beard, and Mr. Bea^rd by J. P. Thompson. The district now comprises Lowell, Billerica, Carlisle, Chelmsford, Dracut, Dunstable, Littleton, Tewksbury, Tyngsborouglr, Westford, and Wilmington.

History Of Middlesex Couxty

is recorded a? one of the iucor])orators of the Tremont Mills in 1831, of the Boott Cotton Mills in 1835, and of the Lowell Machine-Shop in 18-i5.

Central Bridge was laid out as a public highway by the city council. It was opened as such in October, 1856. In 1833 the proprietors of the bridge allowed the occupants of their land in Centralville to cross the bridge toll free, thus offering inducements to people to become their tenants.

When Ceutralville was annexed to Lowell, it contained 909 inhabitants ; its valuation was $294,51 1. In 1874 it contained 8,000 inhabitants, and its valuation was $3,500,000.

August 9, 1856, three young men - Rogers, Gushing, andTilden - tried the experiment of going over Pawtucket Falls in a boat. They are alive to tell their experience.

October 38, while Rufus Choate was addressing more than 3,000 citizens in Huntington Hall, the floor of the hall suddenly settled, causing great consternation. The seats had been removed, and the hall was packed with people. General B. F. Butler being present, quieted the people by a timely caution, and the meeting dissolved without injury to any one.

Dr. Nathan Allen, who for many years has interested himself in sanitary and hygienic questions, expressed in 1857 the opinion "that Lowell, whether compared as a whole with other cities and towns in New England, or its American population with the same class in other places, presents a remarkably favorable state of health for the past twentyfive years. The absence of aged people in the population, to increase the rate of mortality, is off'set in a great degree by the number of deaths occasioned by casualties. From 1830 to 1846, two hundred and thirty-one deaths are reported as occasioned by drowning, accidents with machinery," etc.

Messrs. Charles P. and Thomas Talbot, the linnname being C. P. Talbot & Co., who commonceil business in Lowell in 1839, in a store opposite the AVasliington House, as dealers in drugs and dyestuffs, found the business of sufficient importance to warrant them in building a factory in North Billcrica.

The bridge over the Concord River, on East Merrimack Street, was- rebuilt at an expense of $3,700. The fall of the easterly arch of the Church Street bridge over the Concord River occurred this year.

This year (1857) will long be remembered as a period of financial distress. Some of the mills in Lowell completely stopped, and others ran on short time. Thousands were unemployed, and all kinds of business suffered.

August 13, 1859, the first steam fire-engine procured by the city was tried with satisfactory results. The fire department had been encouraged and sustained from the organization of the town, the best men secured for engineers, and all the modern appliances and improvements adopted.

May 10, the Lowell Felting Mills were established by Moses A. Johnson and Isaac Schofield, who commenced the manufacture of felting from Russian and American cattle hair, at the foot of Howe Street, Belvidere. Mr. Schofield retired, and in 1866 James S. Wiggin and George Brierton of Boston, with Mr. Johnson, purchased the steam saw-mill on Pawtucket Street, and erected a building suitable for their purpose.

July 33, the proprietors of Pawtucket Bridge offered to sell the bridge for $13,000. The town of Dracut agreed to pay $3,000 and the city of Lowell $4,000, in case the county commissioners would lay the bridge out as a public liighway. February 4, 1861, the matter was settled by the commissioners; the county was charged with the balance of $6,000, and the bridge was free. February 20, 1861, the event was duly celebrated; a rope was fastened to the toll-gate, horses were hitched to the rope, and (he gate was drawn across the bridge, preceded by a band of music.

The Rehelijon Ok 1861

April 13, the guns of South Carolina fired upon Fort Sumter. Tiie intelligence of this aroused the patriotism of the North, and all political difl'orences were forgotten in the one prevalent desire to pre- serve the Union. As early as January 31, a meeting of the officers of the 6th Massachusetts Reginaent was held at the American House in Lowell to "arrange for future contingencies." At this meeting Major B. F. Watson of Lawrence presented the following resolution, which received the approval of all present : -

" Resolved, Tbat Coloael Jones be authorized and requested, forthwith, to tender the services of the 6th regiment to the commander-in-chief and legislature, when such service may become desirable, for the purposes contemplated in General Order No. 4.

" Commomcealth of Massachusetts. " Adjutant-Genebal's Office, Bosto.v, April 15, 1861. " Col. Jones : Sir, I am directed by His Excellency, the Commander-in-Chief, to order you to muster your regiment on Boston Common, forthwith, ia compliance with a requisition made by the President of the United States. The troops are to go to Washington.

On the night of the 15th it became known that the 6th regiment was called to go to the front ; the soldiers assembled at the armories, and fifty or sixty names were added to the rolls. Colonel Jones was present, and made a speech to the companies. The men were busy all night making necessary preparations. Tiie ne.\t morning the armories were crowded by citizens, who came forward with ofl'ers of money, clothing, etc. A drizzly rain-storm prevailed, but it did not damp the ardor of the men.

The following companies were from Lowell : Company A, National Greys, Josiah A. Sawtell, captain ; C, Mechanic Phalanx, Albert S. Follansbee, captain ; D, City Guards, James W. Hart, captain ; H, Watson Light Guard, John F. Noyes, lieutenant commanding.

At ten o'clock Huntington Hall was filled. Colonel Jones introduced the mayor, who presided. Eev. Amos Blanchard, D. D., read the Eighteenth Psalm. Addresses were made by the mayor (B. C. Sargent), A. R. Brown, Esq., f. H. Sweetser, Esq., Captain Peter Haggerty, Hon. Linus Child, Colonel George F. Sawtell, and Hon. Tappan Wentworth. Mayor Sargent assured the soldiers that tliey and their families should be cared for by the city. The city government promptly responded April 18, voting the sum of ^8,000 to be used for that purpose. The benediction was pronounced by Rev. Dr. Blanchard.

The regiment, accompanied by the Brigade Band, took an extra train of cars for Boston at a quarter before twelve o'clock. On its arrival in Boston it marched to Faneuil Hall. During the march tlie men were enthusiastically cheered by the people who lined the streets and occupied the buildings along the route. At quarter-jjast four o'clock, p. m., it marched from Faneuil Hall, tlirough State and Washington streets, to Boylston Hall, where quarters had been prepared.

April 17, the regiment was increased in Boston by the addition of the Stoneham Light Infantry, Captain J. H. Dike ; the Washington Light Guard, Boston, Captain Walter S. Sampson ; and the Worcester Light Lifantry, Captain Harrison W. Pr.itt. The other companies were filled up by men from other regiments, so- that the 6th numbered six hundred and fifty men.' At eleven A.m. the regiment marched to the State House, where those of the troops who had old muskets were furnished with the new rifled musket; each man received an overcoat,^ flannel shirt and drawers, and a pair of stockings. While in front of the State House the regimental colors were presented to Colonel Jones by Governor Andrew, who said : -

" Soldiers, summoned suddenly, with but a moment for preparation, we have done all that lay in the power of men to do, - all that rested in the power of your state government to do, - to prepare the citizen soldiers of Massachusetts for this service. We shall follow you with our benedictions, our benefactions, and prayers. Those whom you leave behind you we shall cherish in our heart of hearts. You carry with you our utmost faith and confidence. We know that you never will return until you can bring the assurances that the utmost duty has been performed wliich brave and patriotic men can accomplish. Tliis flag, sir, take and bear with you. It will be an emblem on which all eyes -nail rest, reminding you always of that which you are bound to hold most dear."

At seven p. Ji. the line of march was taken for the Worcester depot, under the escort of the second battalion of infantry. The shouts of the people, mingled with the discharge of cannon and the ringing of the bells, were heard all through the route. At Worcester the military, fire department, and thousands of people lined the track as the train passed. Early on the morning of the 18th the regiment arrived in New York and marched to its quarters at the Astor, St. Nicholas, and Metropolitan hotels. The reception was cordial and enthusiastic. The streets were literally packed with soldiers and citizens to do it honor. At noon the 6th marched to the Jersey Ferry, and took the train for Washington. At Trenton and Newark, N. J., a salute was fired in honor of its appearance. The 6th arrived .at Philadelphia about eight o'clock, p. M., where the crowds of people were so dense that the regiment could only move tlirough the streets by the flank. The cheering was incessant. The officers were entertained at the Continental Hotel, and the soldiers were quartered at the Girard House. While the soldiers were seeking repose. Colonel Jones had a conference with Brigadier-General P. S. Davis, of the First Brigade, Massachusetts Militia, who had been sent forward by Governor Andrew to arrange subsistence and transportation, and who, liaving heard the most exciting rumors and threats from Baltimore, declined to take the responsibility of ordering the regiment either to go on or wait for further information. Colonel Jones' reply was, " My orders are to reach Washington at the earliest possible moment, and I shall go on." General Davis, extending Ins hand, replied, " Colonel, if you go on, I sliall go with you." The only fear Colonel Jones expressed, in continuing the conference, was, that the train might be destroyed by an obstruction on the track, or by the destruction of a bridge, causing a wholesale slauglitei-, for which the friends of the regiment would hold iiini responsible ; but he added, " My orders are peremptory, and, whatever may be llie consequences, I must proceed." They arranged for the despatch of a pilot engine, in advance of the train, to avoid a casualty. Tlie soldiers liad scarcely retired to rest in Philadelpliia, when tlie long roll sounded, and tiicy were obliged (o (urn out. They left at one o'clock, A. m., April 19. All possible care was taken in embarking the men, so that, if called upon to disembark suddenly, they would be in regimental Hue. The car containing the field and staff' officers was at the head of the train. At Havre-de-Grace the cars were not run off the ferry-boat in the order in which they went on. This derangement may have conferred martyrdom on men who would otherwise have escaped. On arriving at the Susquehanna, the train was augmented by the addition of cars containing an unarmed corps of young men apparently from sixteen to twenty-two years of age, numbering about one thousand, calling themselves Small's Brigade. In rearranging the train on the south side of the Susquehanna, it being night, some of the cars, in which were a portion of the 6th regiment, were misplaced, separating them from the other companies of the regiment. Company K, Captain Sampson, was to have had the left, and thus, with Major Watson, would have had the post of honor, but for the derangement at Havre-de- Grace, which misplaced the companies so that, on their arrival in Baltimore, Company D occupied the position of Company K, and Company L, which belonged on the right, was transferred to the left. Quartermaster Munroe had distributed twenty rounds of ball cartridge, and Colonel Jones had gone through the cars, issuing an order for the regiment to march across Baltimore in column of sections. The soldiers loaded and capped their rifles. The colonel ordered Major AA'^atson, his second in command, to repair, upon the stopping of the train, to the left company. Captain Sampson, and remain in the car with that company. When the train arrived and stopped (about 10 o'clock, A. M.), the major proceeded fiom the forward car to the one containing Captain Sampson's command. No oilier came lo file out. All the cars forward of (';i|it;iiii Siimpson's company, or tiie larger portion of I hat cnmpany, disappeared, and horses were being attached to tliat car. Major Watson supposed he had tlie left of the regiment, and no intimation had been received of a change in tlie orders. The railroad authorities, without consulting the colonel, had ordered the cars drawn across the city by horses, before the mob collected, as the regiment w".s not expected until about noon. The car containing Captain Sampson's company, at the first turn in the street, owing to obstructions, was thrown from the track. Major Watson, with the aid of a passing team, ixqjlaced it upon the track. Tiie mob were much excited, and missiles were thrown at and into the car. On Pratt Street, nearly opposite the dock, the mob detached the horses, in proximity to a pile of pavhig-stones. Here a most furious and determined attack was made with stones and fire-arms, wounding several soldiers in the car. Major Watson ordered the men to shelter themselves, as far as possible, by lying upon the floor of the car, while he went out among the crowd, and by threats, and the formidable ajjpearance of his revolver, compelled the driver to reattach the horses. They had proceeded but a short distance, when the horses were again detached and the same scene was repeated ; the car was then drawn to the Washington depot without furtiier trouble.

There were eleven companies in the regiment. Above is a narration of the passage of seven companies, occupying eight cars ; the remaining four companies left in the cars were : Company C, Mechanic Phalanx, Captain A. S. Follansbee ; Company I of Lawrence, Captain John Pickering; Stoneham Light Infantry, Captain J. H. Dike; Company D, City Guards of Lowell, Captain James W. Hart. The balance of tiie thirty cars in the train were occupied by Small's Brigade.

While awaiting the movement of the cars two men came in and aimounced that the track had been torn up and removed, and advised the officers to march their men through the city. They were sharply questioned by Captain Follansbee and the other officers, and the determniation taken to march through. The four companies filed out of the cars in regular order. Captain Dike of Stoneham was entitled to the right, and when requested to take that position he declined, with the remark that he did not wish to take the responsibility. After consultation, the officers decided that the command devolved upon Captain A. S. Follansbee, Company C. He immediately took his position upon the right, wheeled into column of sections, and ordered the march in close column. But a difficulty arose ; no one knew the way to the destination of the troops. Inquiry was made of the by-standers, when a policeman stepped up and volunteered to guide them. The policeman had not proceeded far before he was knocked down by a stone. Very soon the mob was upon them, with a secession flag attached to a pole, wliich was taken and trampled in the dirt; the whole column marched over it. The street through which the troops marched was parallel with the canal, and when they came to the bridge over the canal they found it barricaded.

The planks of the bridge had been taken to form the barricade. The men made short work of this obstruction, replaced the planks on the bridge, and continued their march. Stones were hurled at the troops, and some of the men were hit; pistols were discharged ; terms of obloquy were used to irritate the men ; tiiey were informed that they could not march through the city; every "white nigger" would be killed before they could reach the depot. Not a gun had been discharged by the troops. The band being without arms refused to leave the station ; there was no music, but the flag was there. In the march through Pratt Street the right of the column had passed a three-story brick building, in the third story of wliich three of the windows had been taken out, and men were stationed there with muskets in their hands. The City Guards, Captain Hart, had the rear of the column. When they were in front of the building, the men in the windows of that building fired, and the balls took effect in Captain Hart's company, killing two men. In front and on the flanks of the column was a dense mass of excited and furious people. Into this crowd the troops were ordered to fire, and the result was, according to Captain Follansbee, that it " laid a great many of them away." In the judgment of Captain Follansbee and others on whose information he relies, the firing continued about thirty-eight minutes. While this was taking jjlace, two blocks from where the men \vere killed, a well-dressed man, with a police force, came up to Captain Follansbee, announced himself as Mayor Brown, requested him to cease firing, and told him he should be protected. While he was speaking one of the men was knocked down by a stone. The mayor seized a rifle and shot the man that threw the stone. The crowd renewed the attack, and stones and balls continued to fly about the mayor's head. He remarked to Captain Follansbee, " This is getting too hot for me," and hastily took his leave.

Beyond this they came to a place where the street branched into two streets. Having no guide, the gallant leader was in doubt. A circumstance now occurred that decided him. At the opening of one of the streets a man had posted himself, shouting he would shoot the first man that attempted to pass him. " That 's the road for us,'* remarked Captain Follansbee, and the order was promptly given to " Forward, march ! " That man was Marshal Kane, chief of police of Baltimore. A short march brought the column to the depot, where they joined their companions. After they were in the cars, a crowd surrounded them, but the significant appearance of guns protruding from the windows prevented any further material injury.''

Efforts were made by the mob to delay the train, and the conductor reported to the colonel that it was impossible to proceed, that the regiment must march to Washington. Colonel Jones replied, '' We are ticketed through, and are going in these cars. If you or the engineer cannot run the train, we have plenty of men who can. If you need protection or assistance, you shall have it; but we go through." They reached the Relay House, where the double track ended; the train from Washington had the right of way, and a delay of two hours occurred. Late in the afternoon the regiment reached Washington, where Major McDowell, of General Scott's staff, was in waiting to receive it : its quarters were established in the Capitol.

May 5, the regiment left Washington for the Relay House, at the junction of the Baltimore and Ohio and the Baltimore and Washington railroads. The Boston Light Artillery, one hundred and twenty-one men, and the 8th New York Regiment, eight hundred and forty-eight men, were stationed at tlie Relay House. Here they remained till May 13, when they were ordered to Baltimore. They reached there in the evening, and during a furious thunder-shower raised the national flag on Federal Hill. May 16, the regiment was ordered back to the Relay House, where it remained, guarding the railway. June 13, it was again ordered to Baltimore to remain and protect the polls during the election; on the defeat of the Union candidate it returned to the Relay House. June 26, the regiment was again sent to Baltimore, where it encamped on Mount Clare and in a neigh- boring grove. On the 31st, at two o'clock in the morning, it marched through the city to the residence of Charles Howard, president of the board of police commissioners, and conveyed him a prisoner to Fort Mc Henry. The next day it returned to the Relay House. July 4, the loyal citizens of Baltimore presented the regiment with a magnificent silk banner, bearing this inscription : " Loyal Citizens of Baltimore, to the Sixth Mass. U. S. V., Pratt Street, April 19, 1861." July 22, Congress passed a vote of thanks to the regiment. General Dix published a congratulatory order on relieving the regiment from duty, dated July 29, 1861. Passing through Baltimore on their way home, they received a cordial reception. August 1, they arrived in Boston, and were mustered out of the United States service the next morning.

August 2, the regiment, accompanied by the Brigade Band and a drum corps, was received in Lowell at half past one o'clock. A salute of nineteen giuis greeted its arriwil. The soldiers were met and escorted by the fire department and other bodies to the South Common, amid the enthusiastic cheers of the people and the peals of the bells. After speeches by the mayor and Colonel Jones, they were escorted to Huntington Hall, wliere a collation had been provided at the expense of the city. Having given a connected history of the 6th regiment, I now return to the date of its departure from Lowell.

April 20, flags were displayed from St. Paul's and the First Congregational Churches, the Hamilton Mills, Samuel Lawrence's house, the Lowell Machine-Shop, on Warren Street, and the Lowell Bleachery. April 22, the Brigade Band arrived home from Baltimore. The several banks tendered loans of money to the state. April 27, the Soldiers' Aid Association was organized ; Nathan Crosby president, S. W. Stickney treasurer, and M. C. Bryant secretary. The ladies entered heartily into the work of supplying the soldiers witii articles needed for their comfort and convenience. The record of this Association is honorable to all connected with it.

May 6, the bodies of Addison 0. Whitney and Luther C. Ladd were brought to Lowell. The city goverimient and a detachment of the Richnrdson Light Infantry escorted the bodies to lluntinglun llall, which was dressed in mourning, and where the following solemn services took place : -

Cleveland; anthem, St. Anne's Choir; discourse, Rev. W. E. Clark ; original hymn by Eev. G. W. Homer, read by Rev. J. J. Twiss, sung by St. Anne's Choir; prayer. Rev. D. ilott; benediction, Eev. Frederick Hinckley.

The pall-bearers were Lieutenant W. E. Farrar, G. E. Dana, Edward S. Hunt, Surgeon W. H. Bradley, James Francis, H. H. Fuller, David Hyde, and Captain Temple Tebbetts.

May 11, the Abbott Light Guard, Captain E. G. Abbott, left the city for Camp Andrew, Brook Farm, Eoxbury. This company was attached to Colonel Gordon's regiment.

May 15, Sergeant John E. Ames, Company D, Corporal Daniel B. Tyler, Company D, privates Edward Coburn, Company D, and Michael Green, Company I, - the soldiers wounded at Baltimore, - arrived in Lowell. They were received by the Richardson and tlie Lowell Light Infantry. May 21, the Richardson Light Infantry, Captain Phineas A. Davis, left Lowell via Boston for Fortress Monroe.

July 8, the Butler Eiiles, Captain Ebeu James, and the Hill Cadets, Captain S. Proctor, left Lowell for Camp Cameron, Cambridge, and were attached to the 16th Massachusetts regiment.

September 5, General B. F. Butler returned to Lowell after the affair at Hatteras Inlet. He was received by the mayor, and escorted by the military to his home. September 10, he obtained an order from the Secretary of War, countersigned by the President of the United States, to raise a force not exceeding six regiments, and organized a camp at the fair-grounds of the North Middlesex Agricultural Society. It was named Camp Chase.

January 2, 1862, the Bay State and Elaine regiments left Camp Chase for Boston, where they embarked on board the ship Constitution for Ship Island.

January 5, the Eev. J. P. Cleveland was appointed chaplain of the 26th regiment. On the 13th lie was presented with a sword and belt ; on the 15th he was dismissed as pastor of the Appleton Street Church, and went to Ship Island. He was discharged from his chaplaincy May 2, and returned to Lowell May 24. He died'March 7, 1873.

chusetts batteries and the Gloucester Liglit Infantry, Captain Cook, left Cam]) Chase for Sliip Island. February 20, the 31st Massachusetts regiment left Camp Chase.

April 22, John A. Andrew, governor of Massachusetts, transmitted to the General Court a copy of " an Act for the relief of the families of those of the Massaclmsetts 6th Begiment of Yolunteers ^ho were killed or wounded in the riot of the 19th of April, 1861," passed by the General Assembly of Maryland. This Act appropriated seven thousand dollars for this object.

May 26, a call for troops to defend the capital, endangered by the near approach of the enemy, fired anew the patriotism and zeal of the 6th regiment. Proceeding to Boston, it remained in readiness two days, when intelligence was received tliat the apparent danger had been averted, and it returned home.

July 1, President Lincoln issued a call for 300,000 volunteers. The cpiota for Lowell was 397. The city council authorized the payment of " a bounty of $110 to all such men as should come immediately forward, enlist, and be mustered into the United States service for the term of three years, or the war." Lowell was the first city in the commonwealth to raise her quota.

August 4, the President issued a call for troops to serve for nine months. The 6th regiment was among the first to respond. September 9, the regiment departed from Lowell ; arrived in Washington on the lltb ; on the morning of the 12th was ordered to Fortress Monroe, and on the 13th General Dix ordered the regiment to Suffolk, on the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad. Suffolk was an outpost of Norfolk occupied by a force of about 5,000 men under the command of General 0. F. Terry.

Tlie field and staff officers of the 6th regiment were: colonel, Albert S. Follansbee, Lowell ; lieutenant-colonel, Melvin Beal, Lawrence ; major, C. A. Stott, Lowell ; surgeon, Walter Burnham, Lowell ; chaplain, John W, Hanson, Haverhill ; adjutant, Thomas 0. Allen, Lowell; quartermasters, William G. Wise, Charles H. Coburn, Lowell; assistant-surgeons, Otis M. Humphrey and George E. Pinkham, Lowell.

List of the companies : Company A, Lowell, Captains Andrew C. Wright, Alfred J. Hall, 97 men; Company B, Groton, Captain George F. Shattuck, 75 men ; Company C, Lowell, Captain John C. Jepson, 100 men; Company D, Lowell, Captain

James W. Hart, 89 men ; Company E, Acton, Captain Aaron C. Handley, 75 men ; Company F, Cambridge, Captain John S. Sawyer, 87 men; Company G, Lowell, Captain George L. Cady, 94 men ; Company H, Lowell, Captain Rodney C. Fersons, 96 men ; Company I, Lawrence, Captain Augustine L. Hamilton, 100 men; Company Iv, Dracut and Chelmsford, Captain C. E. A. Bartlett, 8;i men. Hanson says : "During more than eight months of our stay in Suffolk a line of works, nine miles in extent, flanked by the Dismal Swamp, was

Brevet-Major Edward G. xVbbott, captain of Company A of the Second Infantry, was killed at the battle of Cedar Mountain, August 9, 186^. He was born in Lowell, September 39, 1840, the son of Hon. J. G. and Caroline Abbott ; graduated at Harvard College in 1860, and entered the law office of Samuel A. Brown. He raised the company of which he was appointed captain, called the Abbott Light Guard, and joined Colonel Gordon^s regiment.

The battle of Cedar Mountain was drawing to a close when he fell ; and during the fight, says General Andrews, his colonel, his conduct " was as brave and noble as any friend of his could desire." Just as the Union army began their retreat Cai)- tain Abbott was shot, the ball passing directly through his neck. He died immediately. The body was brouglit to Lowell, and buried Smiday, August 17, with public lionors.

September -11 , William Spencer died. He was born in Manchester, England ; engaged in the management of a print-works in Ireland ; came to Lowell in 1827 - 28, and had charge of the Hamilton Print-Works until his death. He was a practical printer, loved iiis business, and served the company faithfully and well. He was the first person wlio succeeded in dyeing yarn from the beam. He was the first president of the North Middlesex Agricultural Society, and manifested great interest in its prosperity and success.

October 5, " Captain Timothy A. Crow](>y, company A, Thirteenth Infantry, died at New Orleans. He was born in Lowell, February 14, 1831, and after leaving scliool was employed in the l^owell Fen- scvcnd years hr was connected witii the cily pnlicc; in IS.jS was dcpniy marsiial. He subscriuiiitlv studied law, ami was admitted to the bar in 1860. He was a corporal in the Watson Light Guard in their three months' campaign, and bore the colors of the 6tii regiment, during the Baltimore riot in 1861, with a steady courage that attracted the admiration of all. He then gathered tiie company of which he was captain at his death. He displayed tine abilities as an officer, and won tlie respect of all with whom lie came in contact in the Department of the Gulf. He left a widow and two children. His remains were brought to Lowell for burial, October 26, 1862.

In his address to the city council, delivered January 5, 1863, Mayor Hosford said: "The whole number of men who have been or are now engaged in the service of their country from this city is 3,279; of which number, 215 are three months' men, 607 nine months' men, 2,227 three years' men, 34 in the regular army, and 196 in the navy. Since the commencement of hostilities, 176 are known to have lost their lives ; 56 have been killed in battle or died of wounds received. 111 have died of disease, 8 of accidents, and one was shot for insubordination. About 25 have been reported as actual deserters."

January 12, General B. F. Butler returned from Xew Oilcans, and addressed his fellow-citizens in lliiiiiiiii^iiiii Midi. He gave them an account of his adiiiiiiisi ration in the Department of the Gulf, and answered the charges brought against hira. April 14, the Audover Association of Congregational ministers met in Lowell. They called on General Butler, and thanked him for his services.

January 24, at a meeting held by the ladies of Lowell, the first sanitary fair was inaugurated; officers were cliosen and committees appointed. All tlie religious societies were represented on the committees. The fair was held in Huntington Hall, I'ebruaiT 20, 27, and 28, for the benefit of the Saiiiiarv ( oiiimission, and $4,850 were realized, after paying all expenses.

April 16, Peter Lawson, Nicholas Mickel, John A. Goodwin, James Kent, and their associates were incorporated as the Lowell Morse-Railroad Company. Laying tlie track for the road was commenced September 9.

Brevet-Major Solon A. Perkins, of the Third Cavalry, in an engagement June 3, 1863, at Clinton, La., was mortally wounded. He was born at Lancaster, N. H., December 6, 1836, the son of Apollos Perkins, who came to Lowell in 1840. Major Perkins served Avith General Butler in the Department of the Gulf, and earned the reputation of being the boldest and most successful cavalry officer in the army.

Henry Livermore Abbott, major of the 20th regiment of Massachusetts volunteers, fell, mortally wounded, in tiie battle of the AVilderness, on Friday, May 6, 1864, at the age of twenty-two. He was the second son of the Hon. J. G. and Caroline Abbott. He was born in Lowell, January 21, 1842, and graduated at Harvard College in 1860.

July 6, Colonel Follansbee received a request inviting the 6th regiment to enter the service for one hundred days. Tliis was complied with, and its services were offered and accepted.

In the record of the Great Rebellion two names intimately connected with Lowell have gained a prominence that entitles them to a place in her history.

Captain Gustavus V. Fox was born in Saugus, June 13, 1821. He came to Lowell with his father, Dr. Jesse Fox, in 1823, and entered the United States Navy, where he served nineteen years at different stations, - on the coast survey, in command of mail steamers, and in the war with Mexico. While in the naval service, in 1856, he accepted a position as agent of the Bay State Mills, now the Washington Mills, of Lawrence, which he held till 1861. In February, 1861, he was sent for by General Scott, at the instance of Postmaster-General Blair, in reference to throwing supplies and troops into Fort Sumter, but President Buchanan refused at that time to allow the expedition.

On the 6th of April, 1861, the first part of a secret naval expedition under Captain Fox sailed from New York for the relief of Fort Sumter. Captain Fox says : -

" My plan for supplying Fort Sumter required three hundred sailors, a full complement of armed launches, and three tugs. The Powhatan carried the sailors and launches, and when this vessel was about to leave in obedience to the orders of the secretary of the navy, two officers. Lieutenant D. D. Porter, U. S. N., and Captain M. C. Meigs, U. S. Engineer, presented themselves with an order from the President of the United States, authorizing the former to take any vessel whatever in commission, and proceed immediately to the Gulf of Mexico. This order did not pass through the navy department, was unknown to the secretary of the navy, and when signed by the President he was not conscious that his signature would deprive me of the means to accomplish an object which he held to be of vital importance."

This expedition arrived hi season to hear the heavy guns and see the smoke and shells from the batteries that had opened fire on Fort Sumter. The arrival of this expedition was anticipated, tlie President having on the 8th of April notified the governor of South Carolina that supplies must be sent to Fort Sumter. The fort was evacuated on Sunday, the 14th of April. On Monday the steamer Sabel took the garrison outside to the steamer Baltic, which left that evening direct for New York, where she arrived on the morning of the 18th.

Captain Fox received a letter from the President dated May 1, 1861, acknowledging that he, the President, was in a measure responsible for the failure of the expedition, and that the cause of the country was advanced by the attempt.

Alive to the necessity of keeping open the communications with the North, Captain Fox, when he found that those of Washington and New York were severed, applied to Mr. Aspinwall for a small steamer to enable him to reach Chesapeake Bay. Mr. Aspinwall applied to John Jacob Astor, Jr., who very generously gave a check for §3,000. With this. Captain Fox procured the tug Yankee, and persuaded Commodore Breese to arm and fit her out. Having received from the commodore an appointment as acting lieutenant. Captain Fox left, on the 26th of April, for Hampton Eoads. The services of the boat not being required at this ])oint, he offered his vessel to General Butler, wlio was about opening communications with Washington. The general sent him through with a report to the President, and immediately after Captain Fox was appointed assistant-secretary of the navy.

After nearly six years' service as assistant-secretary of the navy. Captain Fox returned to private life. In 1869 he became agent of the Middlesex Company, which position he retained until March,

Histoey Of Middlesex Couxty

Benjamin F. Butler was born at Deerfield, N. H., November b, 1818. The district school helped him to spelling, figures, a little geography, and the rudiments of grammar. His fatlier died in 1819, leaving the care of the son to tlie mother, who conceived the idea of giving him a liberal education as a preparation for tlie ministry. In 1828 she came to Lowell. Here he had an opportunity for education, whicli was well improved. From the common school \\& graduated to tlie high school Afterward he attended the academy at Exeter, preparatory to a college course. Strong in the hope of seeing him grace the pulpit of a Baptist church, his motlier sent him to Waterville, Maine, where the Baptists iiad recently founded a college. He returned to Lowell in his twentieth year, with a preference for the legal rather than the clerical profession. He entered the office of William Smith, Esq., and helped himself to law, occasionally practising in the police court. This practice, and teaching for a time in one of the public schools, enabled him to pay for the clothes he wore. In 1840 he was admitted to the bar. This marked an era in his life, for in the practice of his profession he has gained a reputation that will abide. His military career commenced about this time. He rose through the various grades to be a brigadier-general of militia. His varied experiences in the courts and at the hustings are omitted from necessity, and the reader is taken to the year 1860.

General Butler was a delegate to the democratic convention held at Charleston that year ; and it was there, at Baltimore, and subsequently at Washington, that he acquired a thorough knowledge of the designs and purposes of the Southern disunionists. General Butler gave Governor Andrew a full relation of what he had seen and heard, and advised him to get the militia of the state in readiness to move at a day's notice.

"On the morning of the l.'Sth of April, ISGl, Governor Andrew received a telegram from Senator Wilson, asking that twenty companies of Massachusetts militia be instantly despatched to defend the scat of government. A few hours after, the formal requisition arrived from the secretary of war, calling for two full regiments.

brigadier, and an order was received calling for a brigade of four full regiments to be commanded by a brigadier-general. . General Butler, on the morning of April 17, received an order to take command of these troops. The 6th departed that afternoon. The general accompanied the 8th regiment to Philadelphia, where it arrived on the memorable 19th of April. At 11 o'clock, a. m., April 20, the 8th started in cars for Havre-de- Grace, where it embarked on the ferry-boat Marylaud for Annapolis. The general and troops arrived safely, and after a tedious and vexatious delay were landed, much against the wishes of the governor of Maryland and the mayor of Annapolis. Upon examination it was found that the railroad depot contained a "small, rusty, damaged locomotive," and when the general inquired of his men if any of them knew "anything about this machine," Charles Homans, a private of Company E, responded affirmatively.

The troops went through to Washington, but General Butler remained at Annapolis, and was ordered by General Scott to hold the town and superintend the passage of the troops that were continually arriving. An offer by General Butler to employ Massachusetts troops to suppress an insurrection of the slaves in Maryland called forth a mild remonstrance from the governor of Massachusetts. This question was better understood at a later day.

General Butler went to Washington and recommended the occupation of JIanassas Junction, but his recommendation was unheeded. He was afterwards ordered to the Eelay House, the occupation of which is given in the history of the 6th regiment. After the occupation of Baltimore, General Butler was recalled to Washington, received a commission as major-general aiid the command of Fortress Monroe. May 22, he took possession of his command; then followed the possession of Newport News, the employment of slaves as contraband of war, and a spicy correspondence. June 10, occurred the unfortunate affair of Big Bethel, where Major Winthrop fell. August 18, General Butler was removed from the command of Fortress Monroe, and General Wool appointed in his stead ; General Butler had been in command of the Department of Virginia two months and twenty-seven days. He accepted a subordinate position under General Wool, and participated in the capture of the forts at Hatteras Inlet. September 10, he nblaiiu'd an order to raise not exceeding six regi- ments in the New England states. He returned home ; the six thousand troops were raised. February 25, 1862, General Butler sailed from Hampton Roads in the steamship Mississippi, for Ship Island, with orders to capture New Orleans. After a remarkable voyage of nearly thirty days, the steamship arrived at Ship Island and the troops were landed. April 17, the fleet, under command of Captain Farragut, approached Fort Jackson, and on the JJ4th was anchored before New Orleans. On the 26th of April the 26th Massachusetts, under Colonel Jones, started for Sable Island, twelve miles in the rear of Fort St. Philip, and on the morning of the 27th the fort was invested on all sides. General Butler hastened to the fleet before New Orleans, and arrived in season to aid Farragut by his counsel. The troops were landed May 1. June 5, Mumford was condemned to die for tearing down the Union flag. (Jeneral Butler's government of the city of New Orleans is a matter of history which my limits will not allow me to dwell upon. The order appointing his successor is dated Washington, November 9, 1862 ; his last general order is dated December 15, and he left New Orleans December 24. Upon reaching New York he found a letter from the President, requesting his presence at Washington. His attempt there to find out why he was recalled only led him to the conclusion that the French government had to be conciliated. His reception at the North showed that the people approved his course in New Orleans. lu November, 1863, he was ordered to take command of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina. AU colored troops recruited at the North and in Maryland were sent to him, and he caused them to be equipped and drilled. On the 5th of May, 1864, Butler's forces sailed up the James Eiver, preceded by the navy, and seized and held two salient points which were afterwards fortified, - Forts Powhatan and Pocahontas.

On the following day fortifications were commenced on the left bank of the Appomattox, four miles from Petersburg, and also on the right bank of the James. Butler made a demonstration upon Petersburg, and fought the battle of Swift Creek. His movement upon Richmond was checked by the battles of the Wilderness, and he returned to Bermuda Huntlreds, where he was attacked by Beauregard, whom he repulsed. He ordered a cavalry force, under General Kautz, to make an assault on Petersburg from the south, which he did, but was not supported by Gilmore on the north. In another attack ou Petersburg by General Smith and General Hinks, the defences were carried ; but Petersburg was reinforced by a portion of Lee's army, and our forces retired. The next enterprise General Butler engaged in was the Dutch Gap Canal, four hundred and fifty feet long, which would save a circuit of seven miles ; it was completed within thirty feet, when the naval commander thought he could not hold the river against the rebel gunboats. September 29, General Terry, with a colored division, made an attack on New Market Heights and took them. Then the entire Tenth Corps attacked the fortifications on the New Market road. The Eighteenth Corps, under General Ord, made an attack on Fort Harrison and captured it. September 30, General Lee sent two divisions to attack Butler's forces : a battle was fought which resulted in a victory for the army of the James.

During the summer of 1864 General Butler conducted the exchange of prisoners, a most laborious duty, and had command of the rebel prisoners at Point Lookout. The experiment of blowing up Fort Fisher with two hundred and fifty tons of gunpowder was tried and failed. In November General Butler was sent to New York with a joortion of his command to prevent any disturbance at the presidential election ; it was a very quiet election.

July 21, 1864, the Hill Cadets and Butler Rifles, under Captains Donovan and O'Hare, returned home after three years' service. Attached to the 16th regiment, they took part in the battles of Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg.

October 20, John P. Robinson died, aged sixtyfive. He was born at Dover, New Hampshire; educated at Phillips Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire; graduated at Harvard College in 1823; studied law in the office of Dauiel Webster, and commenced practice in Lowell in 1827. H. G. F. Corliss was associated with him first as a student and afterwards as a partner. Mr. Robinson served one year in the state senate, five years iu the house of representatives, and was one of the committee on the Revised Statutes in 1836. It was said of him : " John P. Robinson was an able and accomplished lawyer, an eloquent and powerful orator, and a thorough classical scholar." Mr. Robinson married a daughter of Ezra Worthen.

June 17, the steamboat Traveller made a trip from Lawrence to Lowell, and landed her twenty passengers within ten minutes' walk of the horsecar track. The engine had two-horse power ; the boiler occupied the centre of the boat.

October 23, 1866, Dr. J. C. Ayer gave the city a bronze statue of victory. It was placed in Monument Square, and July 4, 1867, was unveiled in the presence of a multitude of peojjle.

July 10, 1867, the building purchased and appropriated for the Old Ladies' Home was dedicated. It is situated at the corner of iloody and Tilden streets.

March 29, 1867, St. John's Hospital was incorporated. Early in the fall of 1866 the Sisters of Ciiarity purchased the " old yellow house," built by Timothy Brown in 1770, with adjoining land suitable for the erection of a hospital. Two years afterwards (in 1868) the building was completed and opened.

The report for 1879 says of St. John's Hospital: " Its doors are always open to cases where individuals are suddenly stricken down or injured by accidents in tlic mills, or on the railroads, or bv otiier means."

December 4, 1868, General U. S. Grant visited Lowell. A committee went to Boston the evening ofthe.'kl, to meet him and arrange for the visit. Geucrnl Grant was engaged until miiliiiifhl, iind the committee postponed their visit until the next morning. When the general was informed of their mission, he said, " I will put on my coat and start now."

As early as September 4-, 1868, Z. E. Stone, the editor of the Vo.v Fopidi, called the attention of the old residents of Lowell to the necessity of forming an association for the purpose of collecting and preserving its history. The first meeting was held at the bookstore of Joshua Merrill on Merrimack Street, November 21. E. B. Patch called the meeting to order; George Brownell was chosen chairman, and Z. B. Stone secretary. Fifty-four persons were present, and a committee of eleven, consisting of John 0. Green, J. G. Peabody, Charles Morrill, George Brownell, E. B. Patch, E. M. Bead, Samuel Fay, Artemas L. Brooks, Charles Hovey, Z. E. Stone, and E. B. Howe, was chosen to report a permanent organization. Another meeting was held December 19, but the room was too small for the numbers present, and it was adjourned to meet in Jackson Hall December 21. At this meeting the report of the committee on permanent organization was accepted, a constitution adopted, and the following officers were chosen : President, John 0. Green, 1868-1879; vice-president, A. L. Brooks, 1868, Jefferson Bancroft, 1879; secretary and treasurer, Z. E. Stone, 1868, Alfred Gilman, 1871-1879. Executive committee: Ward One, J. B. Francis, 1868, Edward Tufts, 1868, J. W. Smitli, 1879, Charles Hovey, 1879 ; Ward Two, Joshua Merrill, 1868-1879, J. P. Jewett, 1868, A. B. French, 1879 ; Ward Three, Hapgood Wriglit, 1868-1879, E. B. Patch, 1868, Alfred Gilman, 1879; Ward Four, E. F. AVatson, 1868- 1879, Benjamin Walker, 1868-1879; Ward Five, J. G. Peabody, 1868-1879, Charles Morrill, 1868-1879 ; Ward Six, J. K. Chase, 1868, William Kittredge, 1879, E. B. Howe, 1868-1879.

The name adopted was The Old Kesidents' Historical Association of Lowell, and the purpose, " to collect, arrange, preserve, and, perhaps, from time to time, publish any facts relating to tlie history of the city of Lowell ; as also to gather and keep all printed or written documents, as well as traditional evidence of every descrijition, relating to the city."

At the flr.t aniiu:d meeting, Miiy 3, 1 Sl!9, President Green delivered an address. This plan liiis been preserved and continued very mnrli to the satisfaction of the members, and to the material interests of the Association. Tiie Association at that time numbered eighty -five. At the meeting ilay 4, 1871, it was voted to hold meetings quarterly, commencing with May. At the meeting November 10,

1871, Alfred Oilman was chosen secretary and treasurer in place of Z. E. Stone, resigned. As evidence of the interest felt in the objects of the Association, the number of members has increased from eighty-five in 1869 to three hundred and twenty-four in 1879.^ The meetings have been well attended, and four numbers of the ContribittioHS have been printed, containing historical matter of great interest.

February 20, 1869, the question in regard to a supply of pure water was again agitated. An estimate, by the engineer, gave the cost at S 740,000. J. B. Francis in a pamphlet discussed the matter, and gave, as his opinion, that the cost would amount to $2,000,000. February 23, the vote was in favor of the introduction of water; yeas 1,866, nays 1,418.

The council sanctioned the natural-filter plan, and authorized the commissioners to sink test- wells. This was done, and proved so satisfactory that the water-works were constructed accordingly. They were completed in 1873; in 1879 the whole cost, including everything, was §2,682,493.01, from which deduct the income, S 566,322.88, leaving net cost, $2,116,107.13.

Lowell is provided with the only complete system in the country for obtaining pure water by natural filtration. Subsequent eH'orts to increase the quantity by artificial filtration are liable to tlie criticism that an extension of the gallery would have effected the same result.

May 26, 1869, the Lowell Hosiery Company was incorporated with a capital stock limited to $200,000. The company started with $100,000, which was increased to $175,000. January 15,

June, 1870, the Thorndike Manufacturing Company commenced operations on Thorndike Street, extending back to Hale's Brook. The mill is of wood, three stories high, with a flat roof. The specialty of this company is the manufacture of suspenders. A. C. Russell is superintendent, D. C. G. Field, treasurer.

July 31, 1870, Colonel Thomas Nesmith died. In his will he gave $25,000, to be held in trust, the income to be expended for the benefit of the poor in the city of Lowell; $3,000 to the towni of Windham, New Hampsliire, for the purchase of a library ; and § 1,000 to be lield in trust, the income to be expended for the benefit of the Sabbath school of High Street Church.

The first case of small-pox appeared February 8, and gradually spread throughout the city until September, when the measures taken to check its spread were so inadequate that great dissatisfaction was manifested. The old board of health resigned, and a new one was elected, with a board of consulting physicians. Measures were promptly taken to check the ravages of the epidemic, which were successful. The whole number of cases was 570, of deaths 172.

A new bridge was completed at Tyngsborough, and the cost assessed by the county commissioners as follows : ^liddlesex County thirty-eight, Tyngsborough forty, Lowell sixteen, Dunstable three, and Chelmsford three per cent of the amount.

May 6, John W. Tilton found a skeleton two feet below the surface in excavating on the high land at the corner of Central and Whipple streets. It is supposed to be that of an Indian. In March, 1874, another was found in Belvidere, while excavating on the line of the Lowell and Andover Railroad.

Lowell, in 1873, received a large accession of territory. That portion of Chelmsford called Middlesex Village was annexed, with an area of one thousand acres, estimated to contain fifty-five families, two hundred and sixteen inhabitants, and fortyseven voters. The valuation was $200,000. One thousand acres were annexed from Dracut, and six hundred and sixty acres from Tewksbury.

After the overture, Charles Cowley, Esq., chairman of the committee, introduced the Hon. C. A. Stott, president of the day, who extended a cordial welcome to those present. liev. Theodore Edson, S. T. D., rector of St. Anne's Church, and chaplain of the day, read the litany; the responses were sung by the choir of St. Anne's Church. Tiie speakers were introduced very pleasantly by the president.

The whole celebration was characterized by the perfect order of the arrangements, the great interest displayed by the citizens and visitors, the ability and eloquence of the speakers, and the imjjressiveness of the music.

One of the results of tins celebration was tiie donation of $1,000 by Hapgood Wright as a semicentennial fund, to be put at interest, its accumulations used at the end of fifty years "for the benefit and improvement of the city or citizens of Lowell, as the city council may determine by a two-thirds vote of the city council in joint convention assembled," and to be called The Hapgood Wright Centennial Trust Emid.

He visited Huntington Hall, where an examination in vocal music of the different classes belonging to the grammar schools was going on. The party visited the Middlesex, Lowell, Merrimack, and Lawrence mills, without an escort.

March 27, 1878, the Boston and Lowell Railroad ' commenced to widen the deep cut at the northern station. When completed, the width wiU be ninety feet, instead of twenty-eight feet, the present width.

May 13, the Lowell Art Association was formed, " for the purpose of cultivating a taste for works of art, and the encouragement of art studies. President, Thomas B. Lawson ; vice-president, Mrs. Daniel S. Richardson; secretary, Samuel M. Chase ; treasurer, George J. Carney ; directors, E. W. Hoyt, Mrs. Horatio Wood, Henry Barrows, Miss E. 0. Robbins, WiUiam G. Ward, Miss Helen A. Whittier, Miss Helen W. Wright. The Association have rooms in Wyman's Exchange.

July 3, James Cook Ayer died. He was born May 5, 1819, in Groton, Connecticut. Dr. Ayer accumulated several millions of property during his lifetime ; how many it is almost impossible to tell. He was largely interested in valuable real estate in New York City, Chicago, Boston, and Lowell. He was a large owner of the New York Tribune stock, the Tremont and Suffolk Mills, the Merchants' National Bank, and the Lowell and Andover Railroad. In 1871, when the inhabitants of that portion of Groton called the Junction asked to be set off as a new town, with the name of Ayer in honor of the doctor, he gave §10,500 toward the erection of a town-hall, wiiich he subsequently increased to $30,000. The structure was dedicated October 26, 1876, with appropriate exercises.

In 18£2 the territory now occupied by Lowell was one school district with two school-houses, - j one near the pound and the other at Pawtucket I Falls, near the Stone House. The Merrimack Company built a school-house on Merrimack Street; employed at first a female teacher and paid the whole expense for its support. When Eev. Theodore Edson came, the school was put under his charge. Joel Lewis was the first male teacher, for one year, at the end of which time he was appointed surveyor for the Locks and Canals Company. He j died November 11, 1834. In 1835 Mr". Lewis ! was succeeded by Alfred V. Bassett, from Atkinson, New Hampshire.

In 1839 the Merrimack School had one hundred and sixty-five pupils. In the summer of this year Mr. Bassett resigned his situation as teacher. liassett was succeeded by Walter Abbott of Milford, New Hampshire, who remained one year, left, and engaged in the mercantile business. Reuben Hills, of Hancock, New Hampshire, came in 1830. In May, 1833, the North School-house, near the North Common, was completed, and the Merrimack School was moved into it. In April, 1832, this school had so increased that it was found necessary to have an assistant, and Mr. N. D. Healey was appointed. When the school was removed to the new house, two female assistants were employed. In 1834 the school was divided. Mr. Healey was appointed principal to the new school, and Mr. Bean appointed assistant to Mr. Hills. This school has had the following names : Merrimack, North Grammar, Hancock, and Bartlett.

Ailams School. - The population in the vicinity of tlie North Grammar School increased so rapidly that the committee of 1S36 opened the lower part of that house, and appointed Otis H. Morrill as principal.

Wlien Mr. Fisk resigned his position in the Hancock School, the house was remodelled by dividing it into eight rooms, in seven of which female assistants were placed, and Mr. Bement in the eighth, the whole making one school called the Bartlett Grammar School.

Irish Schools. - In 1844 the school committee appointed a sub-committee to report upon the history of these schools. I avail myself of their report : -

" By the advice and eft'orts of philanthropic individuals a room was rented, sujjplied with fuel and other necessaries, and a teacher placed in this school who was to be remunerated by a small weekly voluntary tax from the parents. From tlie poverty and indifi'erence of the parents, however, the scliool languished and became extinct. It was revived from time to time, but after months of feebleness failed.

" Up to the year 1840 the attempts to establish a school in the neigliborhood of the Acre were sustained chiefly by individual benevolence. At the annual town-meeting in May, 1830, an article was inserted in the warrant for the appointment of a committee to consider tiie expediency of establishing a separate school for the benefit of the Irish population. The committee reported in favor of such a school ; the report was accepted, and the sum of S 50 was appropriated for the estabhshment and maintenance of a separate district school for the Irish. It was kept only part of the time, and suspended. All the arrangements hitherto were unsatisfactory. In 1834 Rev. Mr. Connelly carried on a private school in a room under the Catholic Church. In June, 1835, this gentleman made application to the school committee for aid, and an arrangement was entered into between them."

Under the above arrangement the committee assumed the supervision of the private school already existing in a room under the Catholic Churcli, and elected Patrick Colhns its teacher, as one of the public instructors. September 10, 1835, another Catholic school, in the vicinity of Chapel Hill, was adopted as a town school, taught by Daniel McIUroy under the auspices of Mr. Connelly. In the summer of 1837 another room was prepared under the Catholic Church ; a new Catholic school was opened, and ilary Ann Stanton elected its teacher. In June, 1838, ilr. Collins' and Mr. ilcIUroy's schools were united, called the Fifth Grammar School, moved to Liberty Hall on Lowell Street, and Mr. Mclllroy chosen principal, Peter !McDermott assistant.

Mr. George "W. Shattuck, who had been a successful teacher in ^Ir. Graves^ school for two years, was elected principal of the Lewis Street School. His management was judicious ; the school increased in numbers and reputation. In 1848 a large private school, which had been kept in the basement of the Catholic Church, was disbanded, and most of the pupils entered the public schools. From 1838 to 1851 inclusive, 669 pupils of the Mann School (Lewis Street) received certificates to enter the mills, while the total number from tlie other grammar schools was as follows: Edson, 156; Hancock, 282 ; Washington, 107; Franklin, from 1840, 59 ; Adams, 429 ;" Moody, from 1841, 139 ; Green, from 1841, 102; Colburn, from 1848, 67; total, 2,070 from all the schools during this period. In the foil of 1852 the Sisters of Xotre Dame opened a school for girls under the supervision of Father O'Brien, through whose influence nearly all the girls who had hitherto attended this school joined that oi the Sisters. Mr. Shattuck resigned January 1, 1853, and engaged in other business till tlie spring of 1850, when he was elected superintendent of the public schools.

small white house on the comer of South and Middlesex streets, Xovember 5, 1827, by Joshua Merrill of Milford, Xew Hampshire. In 1829 it was removed to the Free Chapel, where it continued until February 18, 1833, when it was removed to the new brick school-house on the South Common. Mr. Merrill retained his position as principal till October, 1845, wheu he resigned and entered into trade as a bookseller. During the first four years Mr. Merrill conducted his school alone ; but in 1832 the district system was abolished, the school increased in numbers, and he was provided with an assistant. When ilr. Merrill's school was removed to the new school-house, February IS, 1833, another grammar school, hitherto kept in the basement of the First Universalist Church, then located on Chapel Hill, and taught by Moses F. Eaton, was united with Mr. Merrill's, and Mr. Eaton was retained as assistant.

Washington School. - In the spring of 1834 the accommodations in the Xorth and South grammar schools were not sufficient for the pupils entitled to attend schools of that rank. The school committee, on the 24th of March, opened a new school in the Xorth School-house, and gave it the name of the Third Grammar School. Nathaniel D. Healey was appointed principal, and Isaac Whittier and Edith Patch assistants. In June, 1838, the Third Grammar School was moved to the South Grammar School-house in order to accommodate the children residing in Belvidere, who had then acquired a right to attend the Lowell schools.

FranHin Sc/iool. - During the winter of 1839 Mr. Rufus Adams was employed to open a school on Middlesex Street, and in 1840 the Fourth Grammar School was established in a school-house near the old burying-ground. Mr. George Spalding was appointed principal, and held the position till 1844. His successor was Xason H. Morse. lu 1845 the new brick school-house was erected, at the intersection of Middlesex and Branch streets, at a cost of 88,954.05. The number of pupils was so large that ilr. ilorse was furnished with two female assistants, and Mr. James ilcCoy writingmaster, ilr. Frank F. Coburn is the present incumbent.

3foof/j/ School. - January 8, 1811, this school was opened, with Mr. Seth Pooler as j)rincipal. lie had been an assistant in the High School since 1838. Benjamin B. Thompson, Elizabeth C. Bart- Ictt, and Helen R. Eastman were Mr. Pooler's

Greeti School. - Prior to ISil all the grammar school scholars (except those attending the Irish school) were obliged to go to the North or South grammar schools. The rapid increase of population near the central point between these two seemed a sufficient reason for the erection of another house, and in 1841 a location was selected on Middle Street. A large two-story brick house was built to accommodate a grammar and a primary school. The grammar school was opened about, the middle of the year, with Samuel C. Pratt principal, assisted by Nelson H. Morse, H. Amanda Fox, and Nancy H. Green. C. H. Farnsworth was the writing-master. Mr. Morse remained till 181('>, when he was appointed principal of the Franklin .School. Albert L. Fisk is the present incumbent.

Colbiirn School. - The increase of population on Gorham, Church, and Lawrence streets, and the large attendance at the Edson School, led the committee to ask the city council for another schoolhouse, and recommended that it be located on Lawrence Street. The request was granted, the house built and finished, and dedicated December 13, 1848. The school was opened at the commencement of the winter term under the tuition of Mr. Aaron Walker, Jr., who had been principal of the Green School, but for several years preceding 1848 had been teaching at Charlestown. The present master is Albert L. Bacheller.

Varnum School. - 3, 1851, that part of Dracut called Centralville was set off from Dracut to Lowell. This district had more than five hundred children, for whom the school committee were at once called upon to make provision. The school-houses in the district were the old academy on Chestnut Street and the brick school-house on Tremont Street. These were put in good repair; a grammar school was immediately opened in the upper room of the academy building, and a primary school was commenced in the lower room of the same building. Another primary school was opened in the old brick school-house, and a third on Fourth Street. The grammar school was named in honor of General Joseph Varnum. A. W. Boardman, a graduate from Harvard College, was elected principal, and Elizabeth Calef assistant. Mr. Boardman remained till the spring of 1853, when he resigned. He was succeeded by Mr. D. P. Galloupe, who for many years had been principal of one of the grammar schools in Salem. December 7, 1857, the new brick school-house on ^lyrtle Street was occupied by the Varnum School. In 1878 Mr. Galloupe, after a service of twenty-five years, resigned, and was succeeded by Mr. Arthur K. Whitcomb, who had been previously engaged in the editorial departments of the Courier and the Citizen}

High School. - Ixy 1831 the High School held its sessions in a small house near the Free Chapel, on Middlesex Street; then in the lower story of the Free Chapel ; then in the present Edson Schoolhouse; then in Concert Hall, on Merrimack Street; then in the Bartlett Grammar School-house, near the North Common ; then in the attic of St. Mary's Church, on Lowell Street ; then back to the Free Chapel; and finally, in 1840, in the building erected for the High School on Kirk Street. This building, as remodelled in 1867, accommodates three hundred and thirty pupils, in seven different rooms.

George B. Jewett, classical teacher (Amherst College) ; subsequently tutor in Amherst College, and pastor of church in Nashua; now resides in Salem, Mass.

Church History

Saturday, March 6, 1824, by invitation from Kirk Boott, Theodore Edson came to Chelmsford for the purpose of holding a meeting for public worship. One hundred and seventy-five years before, the Eev. John Eliot appeared here for a similar purpose.

A building had been erected on the land now occupied by the Green School-house, on Merrimack Street, designed to serve permanently for a schoolhouse, and temporarily for religious meetings. It was in the upper room of this building that Mr. Edson held his first service Sunday, March 7, 1824. " On this occasion the room was well filled."

The engagement with Theodore Edson was not distinctly on sectarian grounds. The division in the Congregational ranks, which had taken place some time previous, became irreconcilable, and resulted in the establishment of the Unitarian Congiegationalists. The two parties had put forward tlieir ablest men ; a war of words resounded throughout the old commonwealth; men took sides, and the war raged fearfully. It was Cambridge and Andover hurling thunderbolts at each other ; each endeavoring to demolish the other's citadel and spike its cannon. Under these circumstances the question arose, " Is it best to take either of the belligerents to build up this new enterprise ? " AVith the cautious prudence which characterized all their movements, the directors, a majority of whom were Unitarians at heart, concluded that they did not want war, but peace and quiet, and Mr. Edson was invited, not to establish a Protestant Episcopal Church, but to inaugurate the Merrimack Religious Society.

Early measures were taken by tiu- directors of the Merrimack Manufacturing Com])any to provide for the religious interests of those jxrsons in their employ; the following ])rinted rules wengiven to each one, as a part of the contract euterrd into: -

"All |)ersoiis are ro(]uired to he constant in attendance upon public worslii]!, cilliei- at the church in this place, or in some of I lie neighboringparishes.

" All are required to pay 37i cents per (|uarlcr in advance, for the support of ])ublic wur.-hip in tliis place, which sum shall be paid over lor the use of such regular society as each may r-hoo.se to

The directors appointed Patrick T. Jackson and Kirk Boott, December 27, 1822, as a committee to build a church, and five thousand dollars were appropriated for that purpose. This vote was amended April 15, 1824, a little more than a month after Mr. Edson came, so that the church was to be built of stone, and a sum not exceeding nine thousand dollars was appropriated for this purpose.

During the year 1827 it was thought desirable to dissolve the connection between the Merrimack Religious Society and the Merrimack Manufacturing Company. For three years the affairs of the society had been managed at the counting-room. In order to effect this change, and establish a parish on an independent foundation, it was necessary that the company's contract with the rector be assumed by the society, and that the society should have the use of the church and parsonage. Accordingly, September 23, 1827, the church and parsonage were leased to the society ; the company discharged from all further obligation on account of taxes, rector's salary, repairs, and insurance, and the society to have possession for fifteen years at a mere nominal rent.

At this time (1839) the parish had become large enough to warrant the employment of an assistaut ; the Rev. Mr. McCoy was engaged for one year, and Chapel Hall was rented for services. This movement resulted in the formation of St. Luke's Church.

April 17, 1811, a committee was appointed by the directors of the Merrimack Manufacturing Company to sell the church. The lease expired November 23, 1812, and February 27, 1843, the church alone was sold to the society for $12,000, and a deed given, with tiie condition that the parsonage should be vacated.

In 1844 the Rector's Library of St. Anne's Church was commenced, which now numbers over 2,000 volumes of valuable, useful, rare, and curious books.

In 1857 a chime of bells was placed in the tower of the church, obtained through the persistent efforts of George Hedrick, Esq., who seldom fails in accomplishing whatever he undertakes.

The rector of St. Aime's, Rev. Theodore Edson, D. D., presents the almost unparalleled example of a clergyman ofiiciating in one church fifty-five consecutive years. In 1858 he was confined to The Manse thirteen weeks by sickness. On his recovery, at the suggestion of his parishioners, the Rev. C. W. Homer became his assistant, and services were held in the chapel as well as the church. The engagement of the Rev. C. W. Homer led to the formation of a new society, called St. John's Church, a notice of which will appear in its order.

June 20, 1866, the parsonage of St. Anue's Church was purchased of the Merrimack Company and presented to the parish. B. F. Butler, in behaK of the donors, said, in presentuig the documents to the rector : -

" Our gift is a perfect title, coupled with a single condition only, - that it shall be appropriated to charitable, educational, and religious uses, in conformity with the Protestant Episcopal canons, rites, and usages, under the direction of the church of St. Anne's in Lowell, forever."

St. Anne's Chapel was finished iu 1869 at a cost of about $7,000. It will seat two hundred persons. The tower was erected at an expense of §1,200, which sum was contributed by Mrs. Mary Dunimer Carleton, widow of George H. Carleton.

The House of Prayer, a mission of St. Anne's Church, was built in 1876, and dedicated December 29 of that year. Rev. B. F. Cooley, rector, was succeeded in 1878 by Father Browne.

September 29, 1875, No. 13 Anne Street was opened as a Home for Orphans, luider the charge of the Sisters of St. Margaret, an American sisterhood having headquarters iu Boston. April 20, 1876, the Home was organized under the statutes, and the property conveyed by the Rev. Dr. Edson to a board of trustees ; Rev. Theodore Edson was elected president. Rev. N. Hoppin treasurer, H. H. Grosvenor secretary. The object is " the education and mahitenance of orphan and other children, and such charitable work as may be incidental thereto."

In 1876 twenty, in 1877 twenty-one, and in 1878 twenty-nine children found a home in this institution. It is supported by voluntary contributions.

First Congreffational CJmrcli. - January 7, 1824, William Davidson, James M. King, Nathaniel Holmes, and others met at No. 21, Merrimack Company's Boarding-House, and held a union

The First Congregational Church was organized July 12, 1826, and on the 25th of December, 1827, the house on Merrimack Street was dedicated. It was owned by a joint-stock company ; the whole amount of stock had been subscribed for and taken. July 18, 1827, George C. Beckwith had been ordained and installed as pastor, the ceremony being performed in tlie Baptist Church. He continued until March 3, 1829, when he resigned. December 25, 1829, Amos Blanchard was ordained and installed as pastor, and continued until May 21, 1845, when he was called to the Kirk- Street" Church. October 1, 1845, Eev. Willard Child was installed as pastor, and continued till January 31, 1855. October 17, 1855, Eev. J. L. Jenkins was ordained and installed ; he continued until January 15, 1862. September 17, 1862, Rev. George N. Webber was installed as pastor ; he resigned in March, 1867. October 31, 1867, Rev. Horace James was installed as pastor, and continued till December 13, 1870. September 13, 1871, Rev. Smith Baker was installed as pastor, and has continued to the present time.

January 8, 1828, the proprietors of the First Congregational Meeting-House returned thanks to Kirk Boott, agent, for donation of the land on which tlieir house stands.

First Baptist Society. - January 1, 1826, Nathan Oliver, William D. Mason, Cyrus Oliver, George Puffer, Abel Rugg, and Jonathan C. Morrill met at the liouse of Nathan Oliver and voted to organize a churcli. The regular organization took place February 6, 1826. The council convened two days after at the Merrimack Hotel (Stone House), then kept by Balch and Coburn. I,an(! for a church building was given by Thomas I lord. The corner-stone was laid witl\ Masonic cerenmnics early in the summer of 1820, and November 15 the building was dedicated and the Rev. Jolni Cooksun of Maiden was installed. Mr. Cookson continued as pastor till August 5, 1827. June 4, 1828, the Rev. E. W. Freeman was installed, and continued until his death, September 22, 1835. February 24, 1836, Joseph Warren Eaton was ordained and became the pastor, until February 1, 1837, when he resigned. December 25, 1837, Rev. Joseph Ballard of South Berwick, Maine, was installed, and continued until September 1, 1845. January 29, 1846, the Rev. Daniel C. Eddy was ordained, became the pastor, and remained until December 18, 1856. The Rev. William H. Alden was installed as pastor June 10, 1857, and resigned March 25, 1864. The Rev. William E. Stanton was ordained November 2, 1865, became the pastor, and continued until June 30, 1870, when he was dismissed on account of ill health. Rev. Norman C. Mallory was settled September 14, 1870, and closed his labors in this church June 30, 1874. Rev. Orson E. Mallory was settled March 24, 1875, and remained until 1878. He was succeeded by Dr. T. M. Colwell, the present pastor.

The Second Baptist Society was organized September 13, 1831, and built the brick edifice now known as St. Mary's Church, on Lowell Street. This building was sold in 1838 to the TMethodists for $12,000, and was called the Wesley Chapel. It went out of their possession in 1843; in 1847 it was sold to the Catholics.

T//e Third Baptist Society was organized in 1840, and the Rev. John George Nay lor was its first pastor. The church on John Street was erected under the pastorate of the Rev. Ira Person, and sold to the Methodists in 1861.

Branch Street Chapel was organized in August, 1870. Two years before it was started as a mission from the two Baptist churches, and as such was conducted by the Rev. E. A. Whittier. In the above year the chapel was enlarged, and became the charge of Rev. G. F. Warren. He was succeeded by S. Hartwell Pratt, who left January 1878, wlien Orson E. Alallory became pastor.

1827, the corner-stone for a building was laid with Masonic rites ; Rev. Dr. Edson officiated as chaplain, and the address was made by the Rev. John N. Maffitt, the celebrated revivahst. In the evening the Rev. J. N. Maffitt preached in St. Anne's Church. November 29, 1827, the building was dedicated. It was placed at the corner of Central and Elm streets, and suggested the name of Chapel Hill. As early as June 1, 1821, the Methodists had a class on the Front Row, Merrimack Corporation, composed of Mr. and Mrs. Jas. R. Barnes, Phebe Higgins, Winsor Puffer, Gratia Ann Balcom, Mary Ann Balcom, and Ann Page.

The Rev. Daniel Dorchester claims that the First Methodist Church was then organized, and is, consequently, the oldest church organization in Lowell. He says " their names were duly recorded in a classbook, or register, and Mr. Barnes officiated as a class-leader "; but adds, " they attended upon tlie public services of Rev. Dr. Edson."

From August, 1826, to November 29, 1827, services were held in the Old Red School-house at Hale's Mills. From November 29, 1827, to November 14, 1839, services were held in the Chapel Hill Church. From 1839 to the present time services have been held in St. Paul's Church, Hurd Street.

January, 1832, an edifice on Lowell Street was dedicated, and retained until November, 1837, when the Baptist Church, on the opposite side of the same street, was purchased for §12,000, and called the Wesley Chapel. The Wesley Chapel was sold to Rev. James T. McDermott in 1816.

November 13, 1839, the Hurd-Street Church was built, and called St. Paul's Church. While digging for the foundation, skeletons were unearthed, and an ear-jewel taken from the side of one of the skulls by the late S. K. Fielding.

March 25, 1813, St. Paul's Church divided; a portion bought the old church on Chapel Hill, and moved it to Prescott Street. They were styled Wesleyan Methodists.

January 1, 1851, the church edifice on the corner of Central and Merrimack streets, which had been erected by the Third Universalist Society, was sold to the Second Wesleyan Methodist Society, W. H. Brewster, pastor.

The First Universalist Sociefi/. - ^iwXy 23, 1827, occurred the first recorded meeting of the pioneers of this society. The second meeting was held in the Merrimack Company's school-house, on the 28th of July. The Old Red School-house, near Hale's Mill, and Livermore Hall in Belvidere were occupied for the meetings until November 27,

1828, when a church that had been erected on Chapel Hill was dedicated, and the Rev. EHphalet Case installed as pastor. Mr. Case remained pastor of the society about two years. Rev. Calvin Gardner succeeded Mr. Case, and officiated till March, 1833, when he resigned. Rev. Thomas B. Thayer accepted the position of pastor March 25, 1833, and remained twelve years. During his pastorate the church building was removed from Chapel Hill to the corner of Central and Green streets. Rev.

E. G. Brooks succeeded Mr. Thayer, and remained one year. Rev. Uriah Clark became pastor in 1846, and continued until 1850. In 1851 Rev. T. B. Thayer returned to his former charge, and remained six years, until 1857, when he was called to the charge of the Fifth Universalist Society in Boston. In ilay, 1859, Rev. J. J. Twiss received a call. He commenced his labors the first Sabbath in September, and continued until January 1, 1872. Rev. G. T. Flanders, the present pastor, commenced his labors April 1, 1872. The old building on the corner of Central and Green streets was sold to the Lowell and Andover Railroad Company, and an elegant and imposing structure erected on Hurd Street.

the corner of Shattuck and Market streets. June 30, 1836, the first meeting was held to form this society, which was organized September 21. November 6, Rev. Zenas Tliompson was called as pastor, and installed February 3, 1837. On the 15th of November, 1838, the church building was dedicated. Mr. Thompson resigned his pastorate March 10, 1839. August 26, Rev. Abel C. Thomas was ordained pastor, and continued luitil the first Sunday of July, 1842. On the afternoon of the day that Mr. Thomas preached his farewell sermon, Rev. Alonzo A. Miner commenced his duties as pastor, and continued until May, 1848. Rev. L. J. Fletcher immediately succeeded Mr. Miner, and remained till September. October 1, 1848, Rev. L. B. Mason became pastor for a short time. September, 1849, Rev. J. D. Williamson commenced his labors. Owing to ill health he remained but one year. May 14, 1850, Rev. N. M. Gaylord was installed as pastor, and remained two years. Rev. J. S. Dennis was the immediate successor of Mr. Gaylord, and remained two years. Rev. Charles Cravens followed, and resigned at the end of the year. In April, 1855, Rev. C. II. Button was settled as pastor, and resigned in June, 1858. In March, 1859, Rev. L. J. Fletcher became pastor, and remained till 1863. July 1, 1864, Rev. Francis E. Hicks commenced his labors here. He died April 23, 1865. November 18, 1865, Rev. J. G. Adams became pastor, and remained till July, 1872. In April, 1873, Rev. W. G. Haskell took charge of the parish, and remained till April, 1876. In April, 1877, Rev. R. A. Greene, the present pastor, began his work.

The Third Universalist Church was built in 1843, on the corner of Merrimack and Central streets, and was dedicated January 31, 1844. Rev. H. G. Smith was the first pastor. Difference of opinion on doctrinal points arose between Mr. Smith and Rev. A. A. Miner, pastor of the Second Church, which caused a lengthy and acrimonious discussion in the Gospel Fonntam, a Universalist paper printed here at the time. A majority of the Universalists of the city espoused the views of Dr. Miner, and the result was Mr. Smith resigned. He was succeeded by Rev. John Moore and L. J. Fletcher, but the society languished and ceased to exist. The building was leased to the Second Wesleyan Methodist Society, W. H. Brewslcr, ])astor.

1 tember 26, 1829, and procured a hall in the schoolhouse of the Hamilton and Appleton companies, which was furnished with conveniences for a house of worship. This school-house is now the Free Chapel of the Ministry at Large. October 8, 1830, the society voted to assume the name of South Congregational Society, and that has ever since been the legal name of the society. For the first year various persons supplied the puli^it. September 8, 1830, a call was extended to Mr. William Barry, who was ordained November 17, 1830. Mr. Barry resigned December 2, 1835, and Rev. Henry A. Miles was installed as his successor December 14, 1836. The long pastorate of Dr. Miles was one of great prosperity to the parish ; the church was greatly enlarged in numbers, and he is still affectionately remembered not only by members of his own parish, but by many of our citizens. He resigned in 1853. Dr. Miles was afterwards secretary of the American Unitarian Association ; travelled extensively, and is now active and vigorous as pastor of'the North Church in Hingham.

His successor, Mr. Theodore Tebbets, was ordained September 19, 1855 ; he retained his pastorate eight months, and resigned on account of ill health in May, 1856. He died of consumjjtiou in 1863.

Tlie fourth pastor, Rev. Frederick Hinckley, was installed in Lowell, November 12, 1856; remained about nine years, and was succeeded by Mr. Charles Edward Grinnell, who was ordained February 19, 1867. He remained a little more than two years, and afterwards took charge of a parish in Oharlestown, and has now left the ministry for the law.

Rev. Henry Blanchard, the sixth pastor, was ordained January 19, 1871. After remaining two years he resigned, and took the Church of the Unity in Worcester, where he now preaches.

Tlie parish contains three hundred and nine families; the church numbers about one hundred and seventy-five members, and the Sunday-school about one hundred members, exclusive of the Bible class, about fifty more. The number of children in the parish is small compared with the number ol' adults. The fiflicth anniversary of the parish was duly observed September 26, 1S79.

One hundred and fifty members were set apart from the First Congregational Church. An act of incorporation established The Proprietors of the Second Congregational Meeting-House^ and the stock was $100 per share. The house was built in the summer and autumn of 1830, dedicated July 10, 1831, and hired until 1856; when the society took the name of Appleton-Street Congregational Society. The house was purchased in 1869.

October 4, 1831, Rev. William Twining was installed pastor. He resigned the position on account of failing health, and was dismissed by a council May 25, 1835. July 6, 1837, Rev. UzziaJi C. Burnap was installed as pastor, and continued until February 6, 1853. He died August 12, 1851. December 30, 1852, Rev. George Darhiig was installed. He resigned December 6, 1854. October 2, 1855, Rev. John P. Cleaveland, D. D., was installed. He was dismissed .Jaimary 15, 1862; became chaplain of the 26th Massachusetts Regiment, and went to Ship Island. He returned May 2, 1863. December 17, 1862, Rev. J. E. Rankin, D. D., was installed, and continued until October 29, 1864. October 3, 1866, the Rev.

Addison P. Foster was installed as pastor ; but resigned October 17, 1868, on account of ill health. July 20, 1870, Rev. J. M. Greene, the present pastor, was installed.

The new church, on the corner of Summer and Favor streets, called the Eliot Church, was finished and occupied January 1, 1874, at a cost of $79,249.68. The present debt is $15,000.

The Freewill Baptist Church was organized in 1833, and the proprietors were incorporated in 1836. The church building on Merrimack Street, at the head of Central Street, was erected in 1837, at a cost of .$20,000. Tiie money was obtained by Elder Nathaniel Thurston from the mill girls as subscription, or as loans. He not only undertook the building of the church, but also that of a large establishment in Centralville, afterwards used as a water-cure. In conseriueuce of the misapplication of the funds, or of incapacity in the management of the finances of the church, it came to grief. The building was afterwards converted into a museum and theatre by Noah F. Gates, who, in 1845, purchased Moses Kimball's museum, which had started in 1840 in Wy man's Exchange, and moved it across the street into the Freewill Baptist Church. It was the cpiestion of licensing this theatre that agitated the community at that time. The license was eventually obtained, and the excitement subsided.

Fire ravaged this building three different times. The tall spire was taken down November, 1846. The building seemed fated to disaster. It is now reconstructed and occupied for stores, offices, etc. The post-office, Bailii Courier office, and horserailroad office are located in it.

Source changes here: from History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, by Drake, Samuel Adams, published 1880; 26,186 words in this source stream.

Lowell City

in Middlesex County, State of Massadiusetts, iras taken from the northeasterly part of Chelmsford. It is situated twenty-five miles north by west from Boston,iii latitude 42° 3S' 46" north, longitude 71° 19' i' west from Greenwich. It is bounded on tlie north and :a?i by Dncut, on the east and soutli by Tewksbury, And ou the south and west by Chelmsford. Its original bounds, as defined in the charter, were as follows : " Beginning at Merrimack Biver, at a stone post, about two hoodred rods above the mouth of^Pawtucltet Canal, so called, thence running so\itherly ia a straight course] until it strikes the Middlesex Canal, at a point ten rods above the canal bridge, near the dwethfig-honse of Henry Cobnm ; thence southerly on said canal twenty rods ; thence a due east course to a stone post at Concord Siver." Its area is 7,735 acres, or about twelve square miles. Since its incorporation as a town, in 1826, it has received two additions from Tewkshury on the east, two from Dtacut on the north and east, and one from Chelmsford on the west. These additions will hi appropriately noticed.

The territory now belonging to the city of Lowell was originally granted to Cambridge, June 2, 1641, ftnd again June 14, 1642. This grant was conditional, " All the land lying upon Shawshin Hyver, and between that and ConcMd Kyver, and icliceca tkatautlMerrimark Syver, not foimerly granted by this Court, are granted to Cambridge, so as they erect a nlbgc tliere within five years, and so as it shall not extend to prcjndicc Chailestowne vilLisrc, or the tillage of Cocliitnwit" (Andover), etc. Tliis ; grant was confirmed absolutely Mnrch 7, 1643-44, ! and included the present town of Billerica, portions of Bedford and Carlisle, and a part of Tewkshury and Clielmsford, or of both. " All the land between Concord and Merrimack rivers " includes Lowell. In order to prevent confusion, it is well to state that there Were two villages of Indians inhabitiDg the territory on whicli Lowell stands.' The Wamesits occupied the land on both sidbs of CcHicoid River, and the Pawtuckets, the region in thevicinity of Pawtucket Tails. They belonged td dm tribe. Allen, in his HU/ory of Ckelmt/ord, says, " It was customary to call tliose of the same oatioD^ or tribe by the different names of the villages at which they resided. Inattention to this circnm^ stance has introduced great uncertainty and coi^ fusion in those transactions of the town which related to the Indians in Waniesit and Pawtucket. Tliey belonged to the same tribe, and, living so near together, constituted but one village. 'TOey are sometimes called Pawtuckets j more commonly, Wamesits," '

Lowell can claim no share in the patriotic efforts that achieved our independence. The history of these belongs to Chelmsford, Dracut, and T6wk«- buTT. The names of Ford, Walker, Spalding, Parker, Vamum, and Clark are still held in veneration, and will continue to be until patriotism ceases to be a virtue.

Tito important enterprises, both coimected with the present territory of Lowell, were inaugurated in the years 1792 and 1793. Dudley A. Tyng, William Coombs, and others were incorporated as The Proprietors of the Locks and Canals on Merrimack River August 8, 1792, and James SulHvan, Esq., and others were incorporated June 22, 1793, as Tlie Proprietors of the Middlesex Canal.

The Locks and Cana! Com])aiiy was farmed to improve the navieation of Merrimack River. The great obstacle in the way, at this period, was Pawtucket Falk. They were so preci))itou5, the current so \-iolent, and tlie rocks iri the cluinnel so abundant, that it was impossible, unless in time of s freshet, to run lumber over them with any pros*' pect of success. Tlie water in Concord River, which enters the Merrimack below Pawtucket Falls, is thirty-two feet lower than the water a( the head of the &lls in Merrimack Biver. Previous to the building of the canal around Pawtucket Falls, the Iiimber and wood that came down the Merrimack hatd to be teamed around the &Us and then made up into rafts.

The canal was opened in 1796. Its length is about one and one half miles, and it has four sets of locks. Its direction is nearly east. It cost S 50,000, and the stock was divided into five hundred shares. The yearly dividend on these shares varied from two to ten per cent. As it plays an important part in the history of Lowell proper, it will call for further notice.

At the opening, the directors, and other gentlemen who were invited, occupied a boat tliat was to make the first trip through the locks. Hundreds stood around to witness the passage, - men, women, and children. ^' Scarcely had they entered the first lock," says Allen, ^' when the sides suddenly gave way. The water, bursting upon the spectators with great violence, carried many down the stream. Infants were separated from their mothers, children from their parents, wives from their husbands, young ladies from their gallants, and men, women, timber, broken boards, and planks