Norfolk Town (part 22 of 23)

Levi Ladd, the subject of this sketch, is the second son of Samuel6 and Nancy (Young) Ladd; was born at Tuftonboro, N.H., May 20, 1834. His youth up to eighteen years of age was passed upon the farm ; and like most New Hampshire farmer boys of his time, except on those never-to-be-forgotten occasions, "the husking party, " "the spelling bee", "the old singing-school", "the annual fall muster", and the "circus," - when it came, - his life was not much varied. His education was obtained in the public schools of his town.

In the spring of 1853 he obtained a clerkship in a wholesale store in Boston : and on' Monday morning, March 28, he bade the family, the neighbors, and the old home good-by, and commenced his journey upon the stagecoach to the great city of Boston, then with a population of one hundred and fifty-one thousand. It was during this journey, at Dover, N. H., that he made his first acquaintance with and had his first ride upon the steamcars. This clerkship of nearly eight years was very enjoyable; but the great change from the outdoor life of the boy to the indoor life of the clerk was slowly but surely undermining a strong constitution, and had to be given up.

After recruiting about a year, he again entered mercantile business, this time as travelling agent, selling goods in the New England and New York States, remaining here until August, 1865, when he, with Charles M. Clapp and Robert D. Evans, formed a copartnership for the manufacture and sale of rubber goods, then a comparatively new industry, Mr. Ladd's department being to look after the Western business, which necessitated much travel over a large area, embracing most of the States in the Union. This copartnership, after seven years of successful business, was terminated October 1, 1872; and the American Rubber Company, consisting of Mr. Ladd, Mr. Evans, and John H. Rogers, was formed.

Diocraphical Review

The success of this company was, indeed, flattering to the founders, the sales increasing in a few years from a small beginning to over a million dollars annually.

In 1873 Mr. Evans, Mr. Ladd, Henry W. Burr, and George H. Hood formed the Eagle Rubber Company, a corporation expressly established for the manufacture of wringingmachine and print cloth rolls, this continuing until its consolidation in 1879 with the American Company. Mr. Ladd's department in the American Company, of which he was the senior member, necessitated much close confinement, the result of which was to bring back with increased force the old troubles that in 1861 compelled obedience to fate, and which had many times during the past year, given the unmistakable warning that either health or business must be surrendered. Acting upon the advice of his physicians, he chose the latter, thus with much reluctance terminating a profitable business with pleasant associates.

In the winter of 1869 he purchased a farm bordering on the Charles River in Needham, Mass., and the following spring moved to it from his home in Cambridge. It was here, after his retirement from business, that much pleasure was enjoyed; and no less so was this the case with Mrs. Lack! and the children. He is much interested in everything that tends to the improvement of his town, of which he has been the Treasurer with one intervening year from 1881 to the present year, 1898.

Mr. Ladd became a member of the Prospect Street Congregational Church of Cambridge in 1868, and has since been a member of this denomination. In early life he was a Democrat. Casting his last vote in this party for James Buchanan for President, since that time he has been a Republican. He is a firm believer in high tariff, reciprocity, and protection to American workmen as the true and only sure foundation for permanent prosperity.

From the family records on his mother's side the following is obtained: William Young, born April 25, 1728, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War; John Young, son of William, born December 12, 1776; Nancy

Mr. Ladd married at West Newbury, Mass., June 1, 1S59, Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. John and Elizabeth (Messer) Appleton. Dr. Appleton comes of a very ancient and distinguished ancestry.

John Apulton of Waldingfield Magna, Suffolk, England died 1414. John Appulton of Waldingfield, England, son of John' living 1459. John Appulton of Waldingfield, England, son of John2 died 1481. Thomas Appulton of Waldingfield, England,

Captain John Appleton, the eldest son of Samuel Appleton8, the emigrant, was born in Little Waldingfield, Suffolk, England, in 1622, baptized November 17, and came with his father to America in 1635, being then thirteen years of age. He was a Deputy to the General Court for many years, between 1656 and 1679, was the Treasurer of Essex County, - and one of the Justices of the Inferior Court of Pleas. A petition signed by the freemen of Ipswich in 1667 represents him as a gentleman fully orthodox in his judgment as to matters of faith and points of religion professed among us, right, good, honest, pious, and prudent in his conversation, true and friendly,

Colonel John Appleton, son of Captain John', was born in Ipswich, October 17, 1652. He married Elizabeth, the eldest daughter of President John Rogers, of Harvard College.

The Rev. Nathaniel Appleton, D. D., son of the Hon. John1" and Elizabeth (Rogers) Appleton, was born at Ipswich, December 9, 1693. He graduated from Harvard College in 1712, at the age of nineteen years. He was ordained over the First Church in Cambridge, October 9, 171 7; and after an eminently successful ministry of sixty-seven years and useful service as a member of the corporation of Harvard College for sixty-two years, 1717-79, he died February 9, 1784. He received the second degree of Doctor of Divinity conferred by the college in 1771. Appleton Chapel, Harvard University, has since been erected by the trustees under the will of Samuel Appleton.

John Appleton,12 son of the Rev. Nathaniel,11 D. D., was born in Cambridge, March 29> 1 739, O. S. He graduated from Harvard College in 1757. About the year 1761 he became engaged in the importation of European merchandise at Salem, in which business he continued until within a few years of his death, which took place March 4, 1817. His son, John Sparhawk Appleton,'' A.M., Salem, for many years kept a book-store on Essex Street, Salem. John Appleton,'4 M.D., son of John Sparhawk and father of Mrs. Ladd, was born at Salem on January 9, 1809. In February, 1833, he graduated from the Harvard Medical School, taking the Boylston prize. He was actively and most successfully engaged in his profession until 1S55, when he relinquished the practice of medicine and devoted the remainder of his life to literary pursuits. At one period of his life he was a successful lecturer, not only upon subjects relating to his profession, but upon biography and temperance, of which he was an ardent advocate, and also upon music.

He was an accomplished musician, one of his highest ideals being his church choir, often performing his own compositions and alike affording much pleasure to his audience and profit to the church. His lectures upon the organ were interesting and entertaining, as also was his performance upon this instrument; he had great love for sacred music, especially oratorio. He was a linguist of rare ability and an unusually well-informed antiquarian, and was the author of several works upon this subject; indeed, if he had an "ism", it was antiquarianism. He was an honorary member of the Massachusetts Historical Society and for a time a member of the Cambridge School Board. He was a Christian gentleman of rare possessions, and his kind and genial companionship was a continual benediction.

Total number of children in the seven generations, sixty-one; male, twenty-six; female, thirty-five. Married males, twenty-two; females, twenty-eight.

§AMES McGILL,* proprietor of Fairview Farm, Dover, and a member of the Board of Selectmen, was born in Lawrence, Mass., September 16, 1857, son of Thomas and Jane (Smiley) McGill. His parents were both natives of Scotland, his father of Edinburgh and his mother of Glasgow. Thomas McGill emigrated to the United States when he was twenty-two years old, and for a time was employed upon a farm in Keene, N.H. He then went to Lawrence, where he was engaged in the furniture moving business until 1864, when he came to Dover, and bought the farm which is now owned by his son James. He tilled the soil for the rest of his life, and died February 11, 1 88 5. His wife, Jane, whom he wedded in this country, became the mother of ten children, as follows: James, the subject of this sketch; Jonathan, his twin brother, who died in infancy; Martha, who resides at the homestead; Catherine, a nurse; Jeanette, who forms one of the family circle at the homestead; Annie, wife of A. P. Morse, of Sherborn, Mass. ; Agnes, who married William Dale, a coal dealer in South Natick; Margaret, a school teacher in Natick; Thomas, a farmer in Sherborn; and John A., who is residing at the homestead. The mother died in April, 1894.

James McGill acquired a common-school education, and at an early age began to make himself useful upon the farm. He took charge of the property after the death of his father, and has since made a specialty of dealing in milk. He owns one hundred and sixty acres of land, keeps an average of thirty cows; and milk from Fairview Farm is delivered by him to regular customers in this and the adjacent towns. Mr. McGill is an earnest advocate of the temperance cause, and supports the Prohibition party in politics. He is now Third Selectman, and has been a member of the board four years. He takes an active interest in all movements relative to the improvement of the town, and is at the present time Master of Dover Grange, No. 117. He and his sisters, Martha and Jeanette, are members of the Congregational church. Mr. McGill is unmarried.

fOSEPH R. TOTMAN,* a retired shoe manufacturer of East Weymouth, was born in this town, October 2, 1839, son of Joseph and Lucy (Burrell) Totman. The father was a native of Scituate, and the mother of Hingham, Mass. The paternal grandfather, Benjamin Totman, moved from Scituate to East Weymouth, where he spent his later years.

Joseph Totman, father of Joseph R., was educated in the common schools. At the age of fourteen he began to learn the shoemaker's trade, which he followed as a journeyman for several years; but eventually he engaged in manufacturing upon his own account, and became one of the foremost business men of his time and locality, employing an average force of two hundred men. His death occurred about 1886. A public-spirited citizen, he did his utmost to develop the general resources of the town, and was one of the founders of the

East Weymouth Savings Bank, of which he served as president for some time. Politically, he was in his earlier years a Whig and later a Republican. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and was a generous contributor toward the support of the Congregational church, of which he was a member. He was also superintendent of the Sunday-school for sixteen years. There are but two of his children living, namely: Clarissa P., wife of Avery S. Howe, of South Weymouth ; and Joseph R., the subject of this sketch.

Joseph R. Totman attended the town schools, and at the age of fourteen entered his father's shop as an apprentice. As a journeyman he did the first stitching on a shaving machine, which his father was the first to introduce into this town. When twenty-eight years old he became a partner in the enterprise, which then took the firm name of Totman & Son; and he remained in business until 1890, at which time he retired. He owns a farm of one hundred acres, besides other real estate, and is actively interested in all movements calculated to increase the general prosperity of the town. He is connected with the Odd Fellows Lodge in East Weymouth, and is both prominent and popular socially. Mr. Totman married Lucinda Pratt, daughter of the late Solomon Pratt, of Weymouth, and has one son, Silas B., a resident of East Weymouth.

EORGE T. STAPLES,* superintend- \ '-> I ent of the Dedham Water Works and a highly respected citizen of this old Norfolk County town, was born in the city of Boston, December 25, 1S46, son of John and Abbie (Barrel 1) Staples.

John Staples was born in Assonet, now called Freetown, Bristol County, Mass. His parents had four other children, two sons named David and Gilbert, and two daughters named Bettie and Sarah. John Staples was a machinist and engineer, and lived for a number of years in Cuba, where he was employed on a large sugar plantation. He died there. His wife, Abbie, was a native of Bridgewater, Mass., and a daughter of Thomas Barrell, who was born in Scituate, Mass. Eight children were the fruit of their union. Two of them died in childhood, and three sons and three daughters grew to maturity, namely : John, Jr., who, like his father, was an engineer on a sugar plantation in Cuba, and died there; Charles, a draughtsman, living in Cambridge, Mass.; Mary; Abbie; Emma, the wife of Rufus W. Gifford, of Sturbridge, Worcester County, Mass.; and George T. , of Dedham, further mentioned below.

The boyhood years of George T. Staples were spent in South Boston, where he was a pupil in the day and night schools, afterward attending Comer's Commercial College two terms. When seventeen years old he began learning the machinist's trade with Aquila Adams in South Boston, under whom he worked two years; and the third year of his apprenticeship he served with John Souther. From that time he was employed in a number of different machine shops until 1881, when he came to Dedham as engineer on the Dedham Water Works, where in 1S93 he was appointed superintendent. He has since filled the position very satisfactorily.

In 1868 Mr. Staples was joined in marriage with Miss Sarah L. Kingman, the only child of William T. and Sarah (Smith) Kingman. She was born in Boston, as were both her father and mother. Her maternal grandfather, William Smith, came to this country from England. Three of the eight children born to Mr. and Mrs. Staples died in childhood. The living are: John F., who married Miss Minnie Vanbuskirk, of Nova Scotia; Grace M.; George T. ; Florence S. ; and Sadie K.

Mr. Staples is independent in politics. He is a Mason of long standing, having joined King Solomon Lodge of Charlestown, Mass., thirty years ago. He and his family are attendants of the Unitarian church.

'REDERICK W. TIRRELL, a carriage and harness manufacturer of Quincy, Mass., was born in this town, March 31, 1865. He is the elder son of the late Charles Philip Tirrell, and belongs to the old Weymouth family of Tirrells, descended from William, Boston, who married in 1655 Rebecca, daughter of Captain Nicholas Simpkins, first commander at the Castle, had four children, including two sons - William, Jr., and Gideon - and removed to Weymouth. (See Savage's Genealogical Dictionary.)

Nathan Tirrell, of a later generation (son of Joseph and grandson of Samuel, son of William, Jr., if we mistake not), married Abigail Hunt, she like himself being a native of Quincy. Their children were as follows: Edward Church Tirrell, who married his cousin Miriam, daughter of Thomas Tirrell; Rebecca; John Adams; George Washington; Nancy and Jane, twins; Job; and Charles Price, the grandfather of Frederick W. Tirrell.

Charles Price Tirrell was born in the old fort-house on Fort Hill, Quincy, in 1800, and in this town spent his fourscore years. When a young man he was employed as a coachman by John Quincy Adams, who took a friendly interest in him because of his intelligence and natural ability, and paid the expenses of his apprenticeship as a carriagemaker. In 1822 he had acquired the trade, and started in business for himself; and this business, having been since continued by his descendants, is one of the oldest established in the town. He was a man of fine business capacity and a noted singer, having a pure and rich voice, which for many years was heard in the different church choirs of the place. He married Jerusha Field, and had three children, but two of whom grew to mature years; namely, Quincy and Charles Philip. Quincy married for his first wife, Anna Moulton, who bore him two sons - Charles Edgar and George Guilford: and by his second wife also, Harriet Dunbar, he had two sons - Harry Dunbar and Henry.

Charles Philip Tirrell was born in Quincy. Mass., January 28, 1837. Having completed his education in the public schools of this town, he learned the trade of carriage-maker with his father and brother, later forming a partnership with them under the name of Tirrell & Sons, continuing in the same business until his death, February 20, 1892. He was a man of broad and liberal views, taking an intelligent interest in all the leading questions of the day, and was a regular attendant of the Unitarian church. He married Laura, daughter of Lemuel and Eliza (Bonney) Dunbar, and they became the parents of four children, of whom three are living, as follows: A. Cora, wife of Jesse F. Curtis, of Ouincy; Frederick W., subject of the present sketch; and Charles F., also of Ouincy.

Frederick W. Tirre.ll, after obtaining his early education in the public schools of Ouincy, served a four years' apprenticeship at the saddlery and hardware business in Boston. He then took a commercial course of study at Bryant & Stratton's Business College, subsequently learning his trade of woodworker. Having served his time at this, he became superintendent of his father's factory; and after the death of his father, in 1S92, he succeeded to the business, which had been started seventy years before by his grandfather. Mr. Tirrell is an independent thinker, well endowed with native sense, and a man of firm and decided views.

He married Miss Riah E. Dennen, daughter of Joseph W. and Sadie A. (Johnson) Dennen, of Ouincy. Joseph VV. Dennen was born in Gloucester, Essex County, Mass., February 1 1, 1843. He was a son of Nathaniel and Mary (Bray) Dennen, and a grandson of Joseph Dennen, a lifelong farmer of Gloucester. Nathaniel Dennen was a ship-carpenter by trade, and followed that occupation in conjunction with tilling the soil the greater part of his life, his farm being located in the west part of his native town. He married Mary, daughter of Jeremiah P. Bray, the representative of one of the old families of Gloucester. Nathaniel and Mary Dennen reared six children, namely: Mary; Joseph W. ; Julia, wife of George A. Parsons, of North Beverly; Lucy A., wife of Alvin Parsons, of Salem, Mass. ; Emma; and Howard, of West Gloucester. The mother was a member of the Universalis! church.

Joseph W. Dennen was reared and educated in Gloucester, remaining with his parents until nineteen years of age. He then learned the trade of currier, but, not liking the occupation, soon abandoned it; and on the 3d of October, 1863, he began driving a milk cart for E. S. Poor, of Peabody, Mass. Being a young man of push and energy, he attracted the attention of his employer; and three months later he was appointed to the position of superintendent of the large farm belonging to Mr. Poor. Mr. Dennen remained there until 1873, when he came to Ouincy as superintendent of the Mount Wollaston Farm of three hundred and thirty-nine acres. Fifty acres of this are tilled, and on it he cuts from two hundred and fifty to three hundred tons of hay per annum. He keeps seventeen horses and one hundred cows, employing thirteen regular hands, besides hiring extra help in the summer. He has two large milk routes, one in Boston and the other in Ouincy; and he also raises large quantities of garden truck, which he markets in Ouincy. In politics he is independent. Fraternally, he is a member of Mount Wollaston Lodge, I. O. O. F., and of the Knights of Honor. Mr. Dennen married Sarah, daughter of Alexander Johnson; and their only child is Maria E., wife of Mr. Frederick W. Tirrell.

§OSEPH D. TUFTS,* who owns and cultivates a productive farm in Medfield, is a native of Nathan, Somerset County, Me., born May 25, 1816. His parents were John and Sally (Hight) Tufts, the former of whom was born in Lee, N.H., July 25, 1779, and the latter in Maine, October 6, 1784. John Tufts settled upon a farm in Nathan when he was twenty-one years old, and resided there until his death. His wife, Sally, became the mother of twelve children, three of whom are living, namely: John, a resident of Grinnell, la. ; Joseph D., the subject of this sketch; and Clymena, who is a resident of San Francisco, Cal. Those deceased are: Nancy, Sally, Hannah, Zacbariah, Hanson, Horace, David, Benjamin, and Jackson.

Joseph D. Tufts acquired a common-school education, and resided with his parents until becoming of age. He then went to Roxbury, Mass., where he drove an ox team for a time. He subsequently secured employment upon a farm in Canton, Mass., which was owned by a lawyer of Boston. After remaining there eight years he went to Jamaica Plain, Mass., where he resided for quite a number of years. In 1875 he settled upon his present farm in Medfield, which consists of twenty-four acres of excellent tillage land, which he has since improved and brought to a high state of cultivation, and on which he carries on general farming with success.

On December i, 1852, Mr. Tufts was joined in marriage with Mary A. Abbott, a native of Norway, Me., and daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Abbott, prosperous farming people of that town. She died November 10, 1882, leaving two daughters, namely: Mary E. , born October 7, 1855; and Alice, born August 21, 1S65, both of whom reside at home with their father. Mr. Tufts retains his mental and physical powers to a degree remarkable in one who has passed the age of fourscore, attending to his every-day duties about the farm with the energy of a much younger man. Politically, he is a Republican ; and he and his daughters attend the Unitarian church.

§AMES R. WILD, a carriage manufacturer of Ouincy, Mass., was born in this town, August 13, 1849, a son of John O. A. Wild. He is the direct descendant of John Wild, an early settler of Ouincy, who married Sarah Hayden, granddaughter of Richard Thayer, who purchased the land now included within the limits of Ouincy from the Indians. Samuel Wild, son of John and Sarah, was born in old Braintree, March iS, 1693, and married Bethiah Copeland. Micah Wild, their son, was born May 5, 1734, and during the war of the Revolution was a soldier in the American army, taking part in several battles. His son Barnabas, born October 20, 1770, was the great-grandfather of James R. Wild, of Quincy. Barnabas Wild married his second cousin, Eunice Wild, a daughter of Jonathan Wild, who married Hannah Bass, a direct descendant of John Alden and Priscilla Mullins. Jonathan Wild was also a patriot soldier of the Revolution, and was at the battle of Bunker Hill.

life in the town of Milton. He had large landed possessions, and for many years managed a large dairy farm, running a milk route from Milton to Boston. He lived to the age of seventy-one years and eight months, dying January 15, 1863. The maiden name of his wife was Susan Stoddard. She was born in Hingham, Mass., a daughter of Captain Samuel Stoddard, an officer in the Revolutionary navy. He was captured by the British, and, being conveyed to Dartmoor, England, was confined there two years, while his brother Reuben died in Dartmoor. Captain Stoddard's wife was Susan Mansfield, a daughter of Joseph Mansfield, who likewise fought in the Revolution. Captain Samuel Stoddard was of the fifth generation in descent from John Stodder, or Stoddard, who had a grant of land in Hingham, Mass., in 1638, the line being: John,' Samuel,- Jeremiah,3 Reuben,4 Samuel.5 Reuben Stoddard, the Captain's father, married Elizabeth Glover. Samuel Stoddard2 married Elizabeth Gill, a daughter of Thomas Gill, whose wife, Hannah Otis, was the daughter of John Otis, one of the first settlers of Hingham.

John O. A. Wild was born in Milton, Mass., May 6, 1824. He obtained his education in the common schools of that town, and learned the trade of a carriage-maker in Boston. He subsequently followed his chosen occupation in Taunton for a time, but soon after his marriage came to Ouincy, where he continued in the same employment for a number of years. He subsequently embarked in the granite business, operating one of the finest quarries in this locality, and making a specialty of monumental work of all descriptions. He not only quarried the stone, but, taking the material in the rough, turned out completed monuments and tablets at his own works, employing about forty men. He was very successful in this business, which he carried on until his decease, August 1, 1880. He married Caroline A. Thrasher, a daughter of Elkanah Thrasher, of Taunton, Mass. Of their ten children six grew to mature years, as follows: Lucy Caroline: James R. ; Erank M. ; Susan U., wife of Robert Johnson, of Boston; Sarah A. ; and Emily C.

the public schools of Quincy, and, having learned the trade of a carriage-maker from his father, subsequently succeeded him in the business. He keeps a force of fifteen or twenty men employed at his works, having especial departments for the wood work, for the painting, and for the blacksmithing. He makes a specialty of the latter industry, being the leading horseshoer in the city. He is a man of great push and energy, and since obtaining control of the business he has added to his stock a complete line of harnesses and trimmings of all descriptions. He also handles bicycles of different makes and grades.

Mr. Wild married Miss Jeannie M. Johnson, daughter of Robert Johnson, of Boston, Mass. They have four children; namely, Ruth, Jeannette, Eleanor Pierce, and James R., Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Wild attend the Unitarian church.

HERBERT WOODSUM,* a tack and nail manufacturer of South Braintree, a member of the firm of B. H. Woodsum & Co., was born in Randolph, October 4, 1857, son of Rufus and Caroline (Clark) Woodsum. His father was a native of Sumner, Me., and his mother of Randolph, Mass. The Rev. William Woodsum, the paternal grandfather, was a wellknown Baptist clergyman in the State of Maine for a period of more than fifty years.

Herbert Woodsum removed to South Braintree with his parents when he was six years of age, and he was educated in the grammar and high schools of that place. When in his sixteenth year the death of his father obliged him to earn his living, and he began work in the tack factory of Messrs. Stevens & Willis, where he remained employed for about eleven years. In 1883 he became a partner in the firm of Simmons & Woodsum, tack manufacturers at East Braintree, which firm existed for several years, the business being subsequently carried on under the name of B. H. Woodsum & Co. In December, 1890, the business was removed to South Braintree: and in 1893 it was incorporated under its present title of B. H. Woodsum Company.

Mr. Woodsum is in the truest sense of the term a self-made man, his success in life having been due primarily to his own industry and enterprise. His factory is located on the Monatiquot River, and has a capacity of fortyfive hands, being well equipped with the best machinery for the manufacture of tacks and small nails. He married Mina E. Mansfield, a native of Camden, Me., by whom he has three children - Benjamin H., Edna E., and Edith F.

Mr. Woodsum is a Republican politically, and at the present time is chairman of the Republican State Committee. For the past ten years he has been chairman of the Republican Town Committee of Braintree. He served as Representative from Braintree during the legislative sessions of 1891 and 1892, during his first term acting on the Committee of Printing, and in 1892 as chairman of the Committee on Liquor Laws. He is a member of the Puritan Lodge, No. 179, I. O. O. F., of which he is a Past Grand. He is also identified with the Royal Arcanum, and is one of Braintree's best known and most respected citizens.

LFRED O. CRAWFORD,* of the firm of A. O. Crawford & Co., manufacturers of folding paper boxes at South Weymouth, was born in Thomaston, Me., June 6, 1853, son of Captain Rufus and Isabella (Edgerton) Crawford, both parents being natives of Maine. The father was a well-known sea captain of his time, sailing mostly from Thomaston, Me. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in his native State. In 1871 he came to South Weymouth and obtained employment with E. Rosenfeld, a dry-goods merchant here, as salesman, which position he held for several years. He subsequently left Mr. Rosenfeld to go into the dryrgoods business in Holbrook, where he carried on a store for two years, or until the great fire which occurred in that town on Christmas Eve, 1S87, when he shared in the common misfortune of being burned out. Returning- to South Weymouth, he bought out the dry-goods business of A. H. Wright, and engaged again in the dry-goods and notions business, in which he continued for a time. His next venture was in the job printing business, and while thus engaged he began the manufacture of folding paper boxes, eventually selling out his interest in the printing establishment, and devoting all his energies to the development of his present business. His plant is situated on Central Street, South Weymouth, includes the latest improved machinery, and employs from fifteen to thirty men, according to the season of the year.

Mr. Crawford married Mary N. Wade, daughter of David N. and Mary (Hudson) Wade, of South Weymouth, and has three children - Uavid N., George O., and Frank W. Mr. Crawford is a Republican in politics, but with independent proclivities. He served the town for eight years as Tax Collector, and is one of the stockholders of the South Weymouth Cooperative Bank. He is a member of the Order of the Golden Cross. He belongs to the Old South Congregational Church at South Weymouth, in which at the present time he is serving as clerk.

{ ^TeORGE D. BULLOCK, M.D.,* a \ '-) I leading physician and surgeon of v*- - *~ Weymouth, was born in Taunton, Mass., December 6, 1859, son of Dr. Andrew D. and L. Frances (Robinson) Bullock. His father was a native of Taunton ; and his mother, who was born on Cape Cod, was a descendant of Elder John Robinson, a member of the Plymouth Colony. Dr. Andrew D. Bullock was educated for the ministry, but not ordained. Entering the field of journalism, he was for a time, during the war, connected with the editorial department of the Springfield Republican. Subsequently fitting himself for the medical profession, he practised it in Providence and Hopkinton, R.I., for a number of years, or until his death, which occurred in 1874.

George D. Bullock attended the New Hampton (N.H.) Literary Institute, at which he was graduated in 1881. After pursuing his preliminary medical studies with Dr. John D. Kenyon, of Hopkinton, R.I., he attended lectures at the Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia, from which he was graduated with the class of 1S86. While preparing him self for his profession he paid his way by clerking in a drug store. Locating in Portsmouth, R.I.', after receiving his diploma, he practised in company with Dr. Benjamin Greene until January, 1887, when he came to Weymouth, where he has since resided. He has acquired a large and lucrative practice, and has the esteem and confidence of the citizens of Weymouth and vicinity. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, of Weymouth, and also of the Masonic fraternity.

In November, 1890, Dr. Bullock was united in marriage with Eva F. Macauley, of this town, by whom he has had one daughter - Leila E., who is no longer living.

RRIN T. LEACH,* a well-known citizen of Norwood, Mass., and a veteran of the late Civil War, was born in Bridgewater, Vt. , on May 1, 1842, son of Henry W. and Roxelane (Thompson) Leach. His paternal grandfather, John Leach, was a farmer in Bridgewater, Vt. ; and his father, Henry W. Leach, was born in that town, but died in Pomfret, aged eighty-three years. IT i s wife, Roxelane, was the daughter of David Thompson and a grand-daughter of Noah Thompson, a descendant of John Thompson, who was bom, it is said, in 1616 in the north of Wales, and came to this country, as some have thought, in 1623. John Thompson married in 1645 Mary Cooke, whose father, Francis Cooke, came over in the "Mayflower" in 1620. Henry and Roxelane Leach were the' parents of four children; namely, Samuel, Orrin T. , Austin K., and Henry C. Orrin T. Leach passed his boyhood in Bridgewater, Vt., and after completing his term of schooling worked on a farm until August 15, 1862, when he enlisted in Company C, Sixth Vermont Regiment. They were sent to the front, and their first experience of active service was on December 11 at the first battle of Fredericksburg. After this the men were in camp until spring. During the fight at Gettysburg, they were ordered to advance, and arrived at the scene of battle on the second day of the engagement, but were not called into action. Shortly after this was the skir- mish at Beaver Creek, Md., in which Mr. Leach took part. He was then sent North, and for three weeks was encamped in Tompkins Square, New York City, and subsequently for a week was in Kingston. Returning to the front, he rejoined the Union army in Virginia, and in October of that year took part in the engagement at Rappahannock, his regiment being then part of the Second Division of the Sixth Army Corps. Going into camp again, he remained until May, 1864, when the campaign was organized which culminated in the battle of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court-house, and the other memorable engagements that followed. Mr. Leach was in active service during all this time, and vividly recalls the thrilling experiences of those days. He was then assigned to the Army of the Potomac, massed for the defence of the national capital, and took part in various engagements that followed. Near the close of the war he was at Brookville Junction for a week, then at Danville, Va., for three weeks, and later for a few days at Richmond. From that city he took up the line of march to Washington, and upon arriving there was mustered out under general orders on June 19, 1865.

Returning to the restful quiet of his old home, he remained there until October, when he came to Massachusetts, and was engaged in farming in Bridgewater for a year and a half. He afterward learned the carpenter's trade, and subsequently worked at that for about fifteen years. In 1880 he came to Norwood and began work in the tannery, in which he has been employed up to the present time.

Mr. Leach married Sarah B., daughter of H. H. Alden, of Bridgewater, Mass. Four children have been born to them, and of these two are living; by name, Emily A. and Viola B. Mr. Leach is a Baptist in religious faith. He is a member of the American Order of United Workmen, and is Commander of George K. Bird Post, G. A. R., of Norwood.

EORGE W. WHITE,* of Weymouth, Vte I Deputy Sheriff of Norfolk County, - was born in this town, January 18, 1819. His parents, George W., Sr., and

Betsey (Burrill) White, were both natives of Weymouth. His father, who was a professional musician, died in the eighties. He was a son of Captain Jonathan White, who is said to have been a soldier of the Revolution.

George W. White, second of the name, whose course in life we are now tracing, grew to manhood in Weymouth, and obtained his education in the common schools of the town. When about fifteen years of age he began to work at the shoemaker's trade, which he followed for some fifteen years. He received his first commission as Deputy Sheriff on March 10, 1855, and has since served continuously in that capacity, by his ability and efficiency having gained the entire confidence of the public. For twenty-four years also he was Postmaster of Weymouth, and the length of his term of office amply demonstrates that the public was well and satisfactorily served.

Mr. White has been twice married. His first wife, Hannah Hayden, of Weymouth, bore him six children: Lorenzo; Sarah A.; Ann R., wife of John E. Hunt; Ada, wife of Walter C. Gutterson ; Herbert L. ; and George L. The present Mrs. White was formerly Mrs. Mary E. Wales. Her father, Hervey White, of Williamsburg, Mass., was the son of Nehemiah, a soldier, Drum Major and later Sergeant in the Revolutionary War. He was a noted, musician, as have been many of the family, a talent for music being, as it would seem, a birthright inheritance. Hervey White was an axe manufacturer in Cleveland, Ohio, had an extensive trade throughout the West, and was widely known in his line of business. By her first husband, Samuel Wales, Mrs. White has two children: Sarah W., wife of George March, a banker of Chagrin Falls, Ohio; and Charles A., an oil refiner in Washington, Pa. Mrs. White has been president of the W. C. T. U. at Weymouth for six years, and is an active and leading member of the Union Literary Society of Weymouth.

Mr. White is identified with the Universal ist church. During the Civil War he served for about three years as Deputy Provost Marshal. He has been for many years a Justice of the Peace; and during the war he held the position of Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue in his Congressional district, under the Hon. B. W. Harris, then Collector of the district. About 1 860, when Judge White was Probate Judge of Norfolk County, Mr. George W. White was by him appointed as an officer in his courts, and has continued to hold this position. He is one of the leading citizens of this town, and enjoys the esteem and full confidence of the business community as well as of a large number of warm personal friends.

SHANNON DAVIS,* a progressive and enterprising business man of Norfolk County, residing in Brookline, is engaged as a real estate and mortgage broker, with his office in the Ames Building, at 1 Court Street, Boston. He was born January 28, 1857, in Brookline, a son of Robert Sharpe Davis, second. The first progenitor of the family in this country was William Davis, who came from Wales when a young man, and settled in Roxbury, Mass., where he was three times married. He was a member of the Apostle Eliot's church, as was also his wife and most of his children. He died December 9, 1683. His grandson, Ebenezer Davis, a blacksmith by occupation, was the first of the family to settle in Brookline, where he made large purchases of land, and settled on property which he had previously purchased in 1746. He died in 1776. He had a grandson, Ebenezer, who was the father of Robert Sharpe Davis, first, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Robert Sharpe Davis, first, reared five children - Samuel Croft, Robert Sharpe, Phineas Stearns, Sarah, and Lucy.

Robert Sharpe Davis, second, was born in Brookline, February 18, 181 1. About 1825 he entered the employ of the well-known publishing firm of Crocker & Brewster, of Boston, with whom he remained a few years. He then became a partner in the firm of Lincoln, Edmunds & Co., in 1835 becoming sole proprietor of the business. Among his publications were the mathematical works of Benjamin Greenleaf. He remained in business for many years, and was very successful. He was a lifelong resident of Brookline, where he died February 23, 1873. He married in 1837 Mary Harriet Shannon, of Portsmouth, N.H., and their children were: Mary Shannon, Lucy Stearns, Sarah Comstock, Laura Wood, Caroline Elizabeth, and Langdon Shannon.

L. Shannon Davis was educated in the common and high schools of Brookline. He left school abruptly on the death of his father, and succeeding to the business of the elder Davis carried it on until able to dispose of it advantageously. In 1883 he began dealing in real estate, both in Boston and in Brookline, opening an office on State Street, Boston. He has since gradually enlarged his operations; and to meet the demands of his constantly increasing business he removed, not long ago, to his present office at Room 52, Ames Building. He is connected with some of the largest land companies in New England, being agent of the Goddard Land Company, and agent and manager of the Brookline Land Company. He also transacts much business for M. P. Kennard and other men of prominence in the financial world, and he is a member and one of the directors of the Real Estate Exchange. In Brookline he has built a large number of houses of the better class, which he has sold to people of means, in this manner helping greatly to improve and develop the town. He is a member of the Merchants' Club of Boston. In politics he is independent.

Source changes here: from Norfolk County Agricultural and Home Making Bulletin, by Norfolk County Agricultural School, published 1917; 15,803 words in this source stream.

Timely Topics

School opens for the fall term on Where Is there a person at all in- September 7th. In making up the tcrested in agriculture who is not schedule for tlje year we find that interested in a good old fashioned with the large number of freshmen it plowing contest? Come to the Agriwill be necessary to divide the class cultural Fair with your team and eninto two divisions. ter with either a walking plow or a sulky and take home the price of

State Grange Field Day Poultry Field Meetings

The State Grange Field Day held at the Agricultural School on i^igust 20th was well attended, visitors being present from all the surrounding towns and a large delegation of State Grange officers and Deputies from all parts of the state.

The morning was taken up with a ball game between the School and a team of Grangers, the School winning by a score of nineteen to six Dinner was served by caterer Holman of Norwood. Fully five hundred people were in attendance when the meeting was called to order at 2.15 P. M., Mr. M. A. Evans, Master of Norfolk Pomona, presiding.

Mr. E. H. Gilbert, Director of the School, Avelcomed the guests after which Leslie R. Smith, State Master, gave an interesting talk on grange work and explained the plans for the National Grange meeting which will be held at Boston in November. National Master Sherman J. Lowell of Predonia, New York gave an address on Class Legislation. Fred D. Griggs, Secretary of the Middlesex County Farm Bureau, spoke on the National Farm Bui-eau Federation and the praiseworthy position Massachusetts was taking in the organization. The Millis Orchestra furnished music and Past State Master Edward E. Chapman of Wilbraliam led the singing.

Work is progressing rapidly on the addition to the boarding house and we expect everything will be in readiness when school opens. Every bed in the large dormitory has been engaged. We have accommodations for a few more in the small dormitory on the school grounds. If you know of any yo^ung man who is contemplating attending school here this fall and wishes accommodation ask him to send in his application at an early date.

The two Poultry Field Meetings held in Norfolk County August 12th and 13th were, to quote a aumber of the poultrymen, a grand success. Prof. Monahan upheld all that has been said about him as a disease specialist for his work was a revelation to those present. In spite of tne poultry culling work carried on in past years a large number attended the demonstrations given by Mr. Argood. A feature of the two meetings was the talk given by Mr. Morse at Stoughton on economic management. Messrs. Norris and Morse are among our most progressive po.ultrymen and are always willing to share their successful methods with other poultrymen in the County.

Rye And Vetch

With the ever increasing scarcity of stable manure the question of raising some crop to supply humus to tha soil is an important one. As soon as corn, potatoes, etc. are harvested the land can be seeded down to rye. Rye is a non legume but supplies humus and when supplemented by commercial fertilizer a more satisfactory condition of soil Is maintained than when fertilizer is used alone.

Rye and vetch can be sown if the crop preceding can be removed before the second week in September. About twenty pounds of vetch to one bushel of rye should be used. The vetch is a legume and if inoculated and the soil limed will supply nitrogen to the soil from the air as well as humus. If the crop is cut early it makes a fine green feed for early spring feeding. The County Agent is able to secure through the State Agricultural College bacteria for inoculation at a very low price. If you wish to secure bacteria for any legume notify him several weeks in advance.

Agricultural Department Celery Inspection

Norfolk County has lost one quarter of its cows the past twenty-five years and Is still losing them. This is no theory but the hard facts reported by the New England Milk Producers' Association as the result of the "cow census" which it has been taking, covering every town in Massachusetts for the past twenty-live years. The figures are the most accurate of any that have been collected on a year by year basis as they are taken direct from the returns of the assessors from each town.

In spite of the general losses in Norfolk County there are a few towns that show a gain. Avon leads with a gain of twenty-eight percent and Randolph is a close second with a gain of twenty-seven percent. Cohasset gained eight percent and Holbrook six percent. All other places lost but Quincy which was practically stationary.

Canton, Millis, Sharon, Stoughton, Weymouth and Wrentham lost less than ten percent. Places losing between ten and twenty percent were Bellingham, Braintree, Dedham, Franklin, Medway, Norwood and Walpole. Those between twenty and thirty percent were Poxboro and Milton. Higher percentages of loss were reported from Brookline sixty four, Dover fifty, Medfield fifty eight, Needham thirty five, Norfolk fifty two and Wellesley forty one.

The tractor demonstrations which will be held both days of the Agricultural Pair will give the farmers of Norfolk County a chance to see both the field and garden tractors in operation. If you are interested in any one of the different styles of tractors and motor cultivators yo'U cannot afford to miss these demonstrations .

For the information of the market gardeners within the area quarantined on account of the European Corn Borer, certification and inspection of celery, for the present, will be made in the washroom. Growers will be furnished with certificates by Inspectors for such boxes as may prove to be free from the corn borer.

All requests for inspection of celery must be made at least one day in advance of shipment, otherwise shipments are liable not to receive attention. More than one day will aid the work. Celery must not be bunched before inspected. No celery leaves or green refuse will be allowed in certified packages.

Applications for inspection should be addressed to: United States Department of Agriculture, 43 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass. Telephone, Haymarket 188.

The Department of Horticultural Manufactures of the Massachusetts Agricultural College will have a. demonstration home storage room for fruits and vegetables at the Agricultural Pair. Prof. William R, Cole of the Department will give a talk on storage and will answer questions.

Thursday, September 16th, of the Agricultural Pair will be given over to meetings of market gardeners, fruit men and dairy men with lectures at different times on subjects of vital interest to those engaged in such types of farming.

The Agricultural Pair program for Wednesday, September 15th, will include demonstrations of poultry killing and poultry disease control. All those who did not have an opportunity to hear Prof. Monahan at the Poultry Field Meetings should avail themselves of the opportunity.

Market Garden Field Meeting

It seemed as if every market gardener in the state was in attendance at the annual field meeting held at the Market Garden Field Station in Lexington on August 4th.

The garden tractor demonstration attracted a large number and all agreed that there is still a chance for improvement in all of the makes shown. The small, one wheeled cultivator seemed to impress quite a number but there again all agreed that the chance for improvement was great. It might be well to take this space to say that almost all the common types of tractors will give demonstrations at the Norfolk County Agricultural Fair, September 15th and 16th, giving all those who were not able to visit the Field Station a chance to see the tractors in operation.

Prof. Tompson, in charge of the Station, is to be congratulated upon the different demonstrations being conducted. Among the many things that impressed the delegation from Norfolk County was the chance for the home growing of seeds. Seed of

With the growing shortage of stable manure the subject of green manures is one that seems to interest all of the commercial vegetable growers. The display of the various kinds of green manures and cover crops growing side by side was woi'th the trip.

At the meeting of the State Vegetable Growers' Association held under the oaks the subject of the standard bushel box was discussed by various growers present and all agreed that it is time to stop the aise of a package in the markets sold as a bushel but containing about one and one-fifth bushel by cubical measure.

Short addresses were given by President K. L. Butterfield of the Massachusetts Agricultural College; Sidney Haskell, Director of the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station; and John D. Willard, Director of the Extension Service of the Massachusetts Agricultural College.

Eradication Of Witch Grass

Witch grass, known in parts of the state by other names, as quack grass, dog grass, etc. is the weed that does the most damage in Massachusetts, many farmers say the control of witch grass is their most serious prdbleim.

Fields which have been cleared of this weed are kept in cultivated crops while other fields which need taking aip are left to grow more unproductive. Methods of Control

There are methods of eradication which are fairly s,uccessful. These are more successful in dry weather than in wet seasons. Perseverance is as important as the method and half-heai'ted attempts to eradicate this weed will be a failure.

harvested or after close pasturing. The field is cultivated with a disk or spring-tooth harrow after plowing and then every ten days or two weeks until winter. In wet seasons more frequent disking is necessary, going over the land as soon as the green sprouts show. This land is plowed deep in the spring and a cultivated crop grown. Keepinig this clean gives the weed a final knockout blow. If disking does no get ahead of the witch grass a second plowing 5 to 6 inches deep in late summer or earls'^ fall will help.

The field may he plowed after removing a hay crop as suggested above and then sown thickly tv buck- Viiieat or millet. These crops are rank and quick-growing and to some extent get ahead of the witch grass and choke it out. Many farmers have satisfactorily grown buckwheat for this purpose. While it may not entirely kill out the witch grass, it will weaken the stand. These crops may be harvested or plowed under, fall and disking once or twice to drag as many root-stalks to the surface as possible, will help 'weaken the stand of witch grass. This method is not as effective as harrowing and disking during the summer but it is well worth while because it will weaken the stand.

witch grass in potato fields by ridging the potatoes two or three times per season. Digging the crop 'Will help get rid of the plants left in the row. On land that dries out during the suimmer too much ridging is not advised because the yield of potatoes may be reduced during periods of drouth .

Prof. Earle Jones Poultry Notes

The following treatment for intestinal worms was recommended by Prof. Monahan, Poultry Specialist of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. For one hundred birds take one pound of finely chopped tobacco stems, steep these for two hours in enough water to keep them covered. This liquid, including the stems, with ground feed enough for onehalf of the usual feeding is a highly recommended preparation. On the day of treatm.ent do not feed until two o'clock in the afernoon when the medicated mash is fed moistened. About two hours afterwards, or four o'clock, give about one fourth of the usual ration of ground feed mash made with water in which one pound of Epsom salts to one hundred birds has been dissolved. Early the next morning the droppings ought to be removed to prevent the birds from getting any of the worms. Another treatment repeated in seven days is soimetimes advisable.

The pullets ought to be coming along in good shape at this time. If they are a little under sized it would pay to increase the proporiton of beef scrap in the mash ration. Are the winter quarters ready to receive the pullets? Also, - are you planning to light up the laying houses this winter? It seems that most of the larger producers of poultry products in the County are using either artificial illumination or contemplate putting in the "lights".

Home Making Department

Enthusiasm for the County Fair h\ being shown by town groups and individual women throughout the county. Premium lists and entry blanks have been placed ii? the hands of the town committee and all entries of exhibits must be in by Sept. 10.

An interesting program of lectui'es and demonstrations has been arranged for the two days Including a demonstration in jelly making, electrical household devices, a talk on tinting and dyeing of dress matei-ials, and lantern slide lectures. This is a fine opportunity to see many high grade exhibits, liear an interesting program, meet your county neighbors, and heln your county fair to be a success..

Make Jelly With Less Sugar

It has been said that there will be very little preservation in this secton this year because of the high price of sugar. This is a wrong viewpoint for fruit may be canned or made into jelly with much less sugar than is ordinarily thought necessary. Formerly the standard has been the number of jars of jelly produced from a given amount of fruit - -now the standard should be the number of jars of jelly produced from a pound of sugar. The thrifty housewife will secure as much sugar as she can and make it go as far as possible, but under no conditions should she sacrifice fruit because sugar is not available for pieservation.

in any proportion to fruit juice from a little or none up to eq^ual amounts or more. When used in excess the natural flavor of the fruit is obscured. Suh-acid fruits such as apples, qaince, grapes, blueberries, etc. give the best jellies vs^hen the proportion of sugar is from % to% the amO'Unt of juice. Acid fruits require more to make them palatable.

Always make two extractions of juice. With hard fruits use equal weights of water and fruit for both extractions. With soft fruits, use % to 1/3 as much water as fruit for the first extraction and double that amount for the second.

Place the fruit and water in a covered kettle, place over a quick fire and bring to the boiling point. Continue to cook, stii'ring only to prevent scorching until the fruit is tender. Remove from the fire and let stand from ten to fifteen minutes. Strain through a square of best grade cheesecloth. Return pulp to the kettle, add the proper amount of cold water, boil from 3 to 5 minutes and allow to stand for 15 minutes to obtain the second extraction. Drain as directed above. Mix the two extractions of juice, measure, and concentrate the juice about % for hard fruit and ^A"' for soft fruit, before adding the sugar. Do not use more than % as much sugar as fruit juice. In this proportion one is allo'ved to enioy the loal flavor oT th' fruit and a jelly of high quality may be secured.

Last year Prance borrowed three canning specialists from the United States Department of Agriculture. This unit taught a large number of agricultural directors and professors, assembled for the purpose at the principal French agricultural college, the American methods of canning and drying. This year the

Instead of giving the instruction at one place in Prance this summer, short courses will be conducted in different parts of the country at the schools where those who attended the course last year have been teaching American canning methods. To facilitate the work the Prench government recently issued a bulletin which gives complete directions for canning by the American method.

The American method of canning, that is, cooking fruit and vegetables in the jar, is spreading fast through all known civilized countries. The school held in Prance last year was attended by Algerians, Syrians, Armenians, and Egyptians who since nave been teaching the people in their respective countries to can a la American.

This year other countries besides Prance are requesting lectures and demonstrations on this work. Holland's Health and Nutrition Department, recognizing the value of plenty of fruits and vegetables in the diet of a people all the year around, has asked for 10-day lectures and demonstrations by the Americans. Denmark will call home her agricultural consuls this summe^' from all parts of the world for two weeks' instruction in food conservation to be given by Mr. Lund. Belgium and England also have requested the loan of the canning specialists.

The fact that in 1918, at a time when it was so necessary that nothing be wasted, the housewives and club girls in America were able to conserve nearly a billion jars of food has made a deep impression on people in other lands, who now ai"e anxious to learn how it was done.

No two families use the siune aimo'unt of canned products during the year so it is quite impossible to estimate the amounts of the different fruits and vegetables which an individual family will require,. Mrs. E. D. Waid of Walpole has found her canning budget . very helpful to her in carrying on the business of her household and that it takes very little of her time to make it out. The Home Demonstration Agent asked for the privilege of printing her canning budget in the Farm Burettii Bulletin so that other county women may see a simple method of keeping these records. Following Mrs. Waid's 1919 Canning Budget:

Garden Seeds Required For Family Of Eleven

Very few families have definite records of ihe amount of vegetables which they need to produce to supply their family in the summer with the fresh product and for canning a supply for winter use. Mrs. J. C. Hopkins of Dover has contributed the following information which she has worked out for her family of eleven. It Is interesting to note that two quarts of canned vegetables are provided for each day. Such a proportion of vegetables in the diet means greater health for the family. Beans -

Don't forget that fruit juices maybe extracted, strained, bottled, and sterilized during their season and kept until later in the year when they may be made into jelly. This relieves the strain on the sugar supply during the preservation season and enables one to have fresh jellyany season of the year.

Is your exhibit of eggs or dressed poultry nearly ready to enter at the Norfolk County Fair? Someone will get the prizes - why not you? Entryblanks can be secured by addressing the Norfolk County Agricultural School Walpole. All entries must he made before September 10th.

Junior Extension Department Field Day

The few adults who attended the annual summer Field Day of the Norfolk County club members held at the Agricultural School at Walpole, August 13th seemed to enjoy the events of the day as much as did the 220 young people who gathered there. Id spite of the threatening weather the attendence among the children was better than on previous years and the program was uninterrupted.

Games, contests, songs, cheers, canning demonstrations and judging contests, a vegetable judging contest and a breadmaking demonstration made up the general nrogrami. After the sun finally decided to come out and stay out the scheduled trips about the schqol farm, inspection and explanation of crops and buildings were conducted by students of the school. A 'Short address of welcome was given by Director Birnest H. Gilbert, introduced by the connty Success Club President, Helen Findlen.

Big Success

BIG SUCCESS trained by Helen Findlen, junior leader for Dedham. The canning judging team trained by the same leader won first in that contest. Medfield came a close second in the judging. Weymouth scored second and Franklin third in the canning demonstrations. Other teams were present from Westwood and Holbrook.

Since a general invitation is always extended to the older people throughout the county to attend these meetings of the juniors, it seems a pity that so few take advantage of it. Occurring only twice a /ear, it is an unusual opportunity to see what is being done by these boys and girls in their vario^us club projects. Cooperation and interest from the older people would do a great deal to stimulate the work a.- mong the children .

Fall Exhibits

The fall exhibit season is approaching rapidly and plaiif are well under way in most Norfolk County towns for Grange or harvest fairs. With the addition of the big county fair, many attractive premiums are being offered for canned goods for old and young.

In thirteen towns the canning club members are preparing their jars foithe final exhibit. Several granges are planning to offer prizes at their fairs to interest the boys and girls. It is hoped that many townspeople 'Will attertd the exhibits wherever they may be held. Information may be obtained from the local leader whose name is listed below if the exhibit is not already scheduled:

Franklin

Henry Egnei-, a graduate of the Norfolk County Agricultural School was employed as Garden Supervisor by the School Department of Fnanklin during the summer and over 200 children who had gardens came under his supervision. These gardens ranged in size from the small flower garden of 10-12 feet to gardens of one quarter acre or over. Many of these gardens have supplied the summer vegetables for large families and some of the boys have sold produce enough in addition to pay all expenses of ploughing, fertilizer, etc. and have a tidy balance for pocket money.

Board Of Trade Meeting

The Associated Boards of Trade of Norfolk County will hold their next meeting at the Norfolk County Agricultural School, Tuesday evening, October 26th.

County Fair Notes

The fact that it is possible to conduct a fair without the objectionable midway found at most of our fairswas proven to the satisfaction of all present.

A public meeting will be held at the Norfolk County Agricultural School on Thursday, November 4th, at 7.30 P. M. to consider plans for holding a Fair in 1921. It is hoped that all persons interested in the Fair will be present. Representatives of various civic organizations. Granges, etc., throughout the County will be invited to participate.

Home Storage Of Fruits And Vegetables

The family having a cool room in the cellar of its house or a place that can be utilized as a cool room is in a position to enjoy fresh vegetables of many varieties through the winter months. If these products are grown on a vacant lot or other garden site they will be produced at small cost and help very greatly in keeping down the food budget.

Those having a cold room, however, or having a place in the cellar that might be used for one, need not hesitate to make use of it, even if they are obliged to buy their vegetables, since the time of year when these supplies should be put in is also the time of greatest supply and lowest price.

During the harvest months, September and October, in the years 1915-1918 inclusive, potatoes sold, on an average at wholesale, at prices per bag that amounted to 1.07 per bushel, or for purposes of comparison .27 cents per peck.

During the consuming period, November 1st to June 1st, 1916-1919 inclusive, which corresponds to th'' first mentioned harvest period, the average retail price per peck wa-; .47 cents.

An average family of five, two adults and three children, will consume about 20 bushels of potatoes in this period. These would have cost, at the laverage pjice quoted, if bought at wholesale at harvest time $21.40, while if bought by the peck as consumed through the consumine;

The Plan Of A Room

The home storage cool room should be located in the cellar and as far as possible fi^om the heater. It should be so placed that a cellar window opens in^^o it. For an average family a room 6 ft. by 10 ft. will be ample.

The walls can be of the simplest construction and the following directions are offered. Studs may be of 2 in. X 3 in. stock and should be covered on both sides with building paper and this in turn with matched boards. This will give an effective air space as protection against heat and cold.

One pane of glass in the window should be removed and a cold air flue of a cross-section size equal to the pane area built in carried down to within six inches of the floor. This. flue should liave a tight fitting shutter on the outside and a damper just inside the window opening. This shutter and damper will provide the air space necessary to protect from cold entering from outside. A second pane of glass should be removed and a shutter fitted In itsplace. This is to provide a warm, air outlet and thus complete the ventilation circuit.

If the cellar has a concrete floor it will probably be necessary to put in a pail or pan of v/ater, or to occasionally sprinkle the floor in order to provide sufficient moisture.

The equipment of the room is a problem for the individual householder. It is a good idea to build in a set of shelves for canned products, and either a curtain or doors should be provided to keep the shelves dark. Racks for boxes of vegetables and bins for potatoes are a convenience. Assistance can be obtained from the County Agent :or by writing the Extension Service, M. A. C, Amherst, M,ass.

The County Agricultural Agent wishes to take this space to thank all who cooperated with him to make the Agricultural Department of the first Norfolk County Pair a success. In spite of the disagreeable weather it has been estimated that the average attendance each day was over two thousand people. The Horticultural exhibit was one of the big features of the fair and showed to all interested just what the vegetable and fruit growers of the county can do when they get started. The following is a list of those winning premiums in the Agricultural Department: Fruit Apples

You will notice on the list of awards the name of Mr. F. H. Almy of West Wrentham. He is to be congratulated on the quality of exhibits shown.

Does yonr soil need lime? Your County Agent will be glad to test your soil and if it is found to be acid you will have ample time to order lime for application next spring.

Market Garden Notes

H. F. Thompson Market gardeners will soon be having visits from seedsmen, booking business for 1921. It will be well to have pretty definitely in mind the quality of crop produced during the last year. We have in mind in particular Copenhagen Market cabbage which was observed, in Eastern Massachusetts, last spring, where nine fields out of ten showed poor seed quality. There were several types of cabbage in the field, some early and some late, some good and some not good. It was possible to see at the Market Garden Field Station, a great variation in the quality of Copenhagen Market cabbage in the limited variety test. Within a very few days the attention of the writer was called to some home garden tomatoes which showed very exceptional quality, and seemed to be absolutely perfect, while a good many others have been observed which were far from right. In harvesting some carrots, at the Field Station, to be recorded in a variety test, it was found that some varieties ran fairly true to type, while others showed roots short and long, light colored and dark colored, smooth and rough. The crop was grown on uniform land, only two rows of a kind, not far from the Service Building, and yet the variation between lots was very great. The seed was the controlling factor. Think these things over and be prepared to order seed where you can get the best, and be willing to pay well , for high quality seed.

Inquiries are being received at the present time as to what can best be sown for a green manure crop to plow under early in the spring. There are three or four available, and very much worth while. As yet wa have to guess at their comparative value rather than have any definite record. Winter rye will make tiie most growth above ground, prevent washing of the soil, and take up much plant food which might otherwise be washed out of loose garden soil from nt)w until spring. In fact, this last named function is one of the most important for the green manures. It is a good deal like saving the change from the dollar bills. The more soluble plant food there is, the faster the rye will grow, the more it will save, and the more humus it will furnish. The more open the soil, the greater the possibilities of loss with the green manure crop.

Barley is in some ways an extremely valuable crop, if sown immediately. It will make considerable growth between now and the time it is killed by winter, and be less troublesome in the spring when the ground is to be used for the first early crops. A combination of winter rye and winter vetch with the vetch seed inocu- Ifited , gives promise for soil improvement. There are some difficulties in the way of handling. Vetch will not make much growth this fall, but will grow very rapidly in the spring. If the land is to be plowed, the first half of April the spring growth will not amount to much. If left until the middle of May there will be a big growth, and considerable nitrogen gathered from the air. However, there is some difficulty In plowing this crop under because it makes sucli a tangle. This is one of the worst features of this combination.

It is to be hoped tbat we will soon have more accurate knowledge about the growth, bulk of top and root produced, and general value of green manure crops, for different seasons of the year. Men should come to a point where they will keep their ground growing green manures between crops. If there happens to be four or five weeks between principal crops, and some quick growing green manure can be put in, it is important to do this. Buckwheat has shown a

The Massachusetts Agricultural College correspondence course term begins October 1st, after which courses in agriculture may be started at any time until May 1st, 1921, and may be continued through the month of June. Your County Agent will make personal visits to and assist in any way possible those who decide to take the cO'Urse. Catalogues describing the correspondence courses may be obtained by addressing Supervisor of Correspondence Courses, Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.

"Mating and Breeding of Poultry" is the name of a recent book on the subject of poultry keeping that is published by Orange Judd Company. It deals especially with the mating and breeding of different breeds of poultry according to the Standard of Perfection. It fills a long felt need as poultry fanciers have quite generally kept the secrets of successful breeding of show poultry to themselves. The authors of the book are Harry M. Lamon, Senior Poultryman, Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture arid Rob R. Slocum, Poultryman, Bureau of Animal Industry, both of whom are authorities on poultry matters.

We were happily disappointed in our first county fair both in the number and quality of exhibits sent in and in the number of people attending the fair. We appreciate the spirit of the women in the county that contributed their time and exhibits to the fair and it is because of this community and county spirit that the fair was attributed a sue cess by so many people. Norfolk County women will be interested to know that a State leader who has by 25 of the 28 towns in the county^ 1 he exhibit of canned products wias far above average quality, and a canning expert in viewing the display remarked that it was a better exhibition of canned products than was shown at the Eastern States Exposition last year. Town canning exhibits were sent in by Franklin, Walpole, Westwood, South Weymouth, Dover, Foxboro, Millis, and Quincy. These collections were representative of a group of people that had not

County Fair

Every class and every lot in the Home Making Department had one or more entries. There was a total of 372 entries of ex'hibits in the Home Making Department contributed

Clothing Efficiency Groups in Cohasset. South Weymouth, Quincy, Randolph, Ponkapoag, Stoughton, Dover, Medfield, Walpole, Foxboro, Plainville and South Bellingham exhibited the three garments made in the elementary clothing efficiency course which has been given in seven towns in the county this past season. The possibility of using elementary patterns for .more elaborate gowns was demonstrated by the 37 garments which were exhibited as developments of the elementary course.

We are pleased with the success that was attained at our first County Fair, but we will not be satisfied with the same results next year. We realize that errors were made in our first atten.pt and shall endeavor to correct them next year. We are open to suggestions and would like constructive criticism from the county people. One state worker said that our fair this year was the best agricultural fair that had been held east of Greenfield. Next year we will aim to iT:?ke it the best fair east of the Pacific Coast.

One Fifth Of The Home Making Prizes Taken By Walpole

The winning of prizes seemed to be a secondary matter to the county women who exhibited at the fair, as everyone seemed willing to do her part toward making the fair a S'Uccess. We take pleasure in publishing the list of names of prize winners in the Home Making Department: Canning- Best exhibit by towns of canning, no variety duplicai-d. 1st - Franklin 2nd - Walpole 3rd - West wood 4th - Weymouth Best exhibit of canned vegetables, 6 jars, 6 varieties. 1st - ^Mrs, W. K. Wood, Franklin. 2nd - Miss Mary Hill, Walpole 3rd - Mrs. George Fisher, Walpole 4th - A. L. Huntley, WoUaston Best exhibit of canned fruit, 5 jars, 5 varieties.

Best exhibit by town groups of three garments made in the clothing efficiency course. 1st - Cohasset 2nd - Foxboro 3rd - Dover 4tli - Quincy

Be"t Family Budget, estimated from not less than a six months' record of expenditures. 1st - Mrs. Roscoe West, Needhiam. 2nd - Mrs. W. A. Weiker, Medfield 3rd - Mrs. E. D. Waid. Walpole 4th - Mrs. F. B. Brooks, Holbrook.

Snapshot and Plan showing most efficient arrangement of the Working equipment in the Kitchen. 1st - Mrs. Austin D,, Kilham, Walpole. Handicraft

In the July issue of our Farm Bureau bulletin we published a copy of the preservation report card that the women throughout the state have been asked to fill out. We have set 500 as our goal and contribution from Norfolk County. As we previously stated, this stat)s'"lcal information was requested by the Washington office for the purpose of having, definite diata which will assist in securing funds for the continuation of Home Demonstration work. If you have not received one of those report cards Avill you not cut It from the July bulletin, fill it out, ind send it to the Home Demonstration Agent before October 30th.

Here Is The Seceet

No article of food exhibited at the county fair was entitled to a ^premium unless it was accompanied l)y the recipe. We are going to try and pass the good work along by publishing these recipes in our monthly bulletin. The recipes are tried but they are not infallible unless a gen- -'ero.us amount of common sense is used in the making.

Mix shortening with flour, sugar and salt. To this add the yeast which has been softened in % of a cup of lukewarm water and the milk at a lukewarm temperature. Beat until the dough is elastic. Cover and let rise over night. Beat again. Turn out on floured board and knead until light and smooth. Shape, put into T>ans, let rise again and bake 40 minrutes.

Sift together 3 times 1^^ cups -pastry flour, 2 t. baking powder and % t. salt. Beat two eggs for five minutes, add 1 c. sugar, % c. milk and 1. t. vanilla. Add the sifted flour to th"'" mixture. Pour in a well buttured tin and bake in a moderate -oven.

Pie Crust - 2 cups pastry flour, % c. lard, 1 egg, 1 T. lemon juice, 1 t. salt, sufficient ice-cold water to hold This is t;reatly improved if

Add 2 t. butter, 2 cups sugar and beat thoroughly. When cool, add two eggs and the juice and grated rind of two lemons. Bake with two crusts.

Mrs. Lena I. Kimball

Children are back at school again and in many homes the packing of the children's lunch box is a daily task. What provision has been made in your school for serving a hot lui-ch to the children who are obliged to carry a cold lunch? Hot lunches in the schools have been established in several of the towns during the past two years. This year we hope to make a special drive along this line and have as our aim at least one ho*" dish served in every school where children are carrying a cold lunch.

The exhibit of garments made from feed sacks loaned by the Foxboro Thrift Commi^^tee attracted much attention at the County Fair. This exhibit was first started two years ago and has been added to gradually by the commi+tee until it is quite complete. Hand woven rugs from old rags is the new feature added to the exhibit this year so now flour bags, feed bags and rag bags are the source of supply for the articles made.

Are you interested in reducing the cost of your millinery? Last spring two millinery courses were given in the county and the cost of the finished ha^^s was reduced 50 per cent. Cohasset, Islington, Milton, Holbrook, Randolph and South Walpole have requested fall courses in millinery and plans are under way for starting courses in these towns in the early fall.

We wish to extend our thanks to all who assisted toward making the Norfolk County Fair held recently at the Norfolk County Agricultural School, a succe;^;-'

Junior Extension Department

All who saw the canning exhibit at the Pair will agree that the children in the club work cooperated wonderfully in making the County Fair a success. Out of the fourteen towns in which canning club work has been carried on this summer only one town failed to send exhibits. Each club that exhibited was well represented by a large number of its members.

An' especially interesting feature of the exhibit was the canned menus sent by the' members of the Wey- ,mouth High School club. This was a result of an experiment carried out by the girls to show just how much canning can stand for in the home. An unexpected guest would never phase these girls. From soup to dessert, the menus were complete.

The home economics club members sent in a great rvxanj exhibits, both in bread making an:] sewing entering three dresses made in last year's club as well as some darns and embroidery.

In the vegetable exhibits every class was filled and the quality of the vegetables was as good as any in the state according to Mr. Farley, who was the judge of the vegetables.

Hathaway White of Westwood made a very exceptional and outstanding record winning six first places and one second on seven vegetable entries that he exhibited in.

Plans for home economics and poultry clubs are being started in many towns. Has your school or town ever had a club? If not, tell your friends about it and notify your

The Weymouth High School canning club exhibit sent by the Weymouth girls to the Elastern States Exposition, won the first prize of $25.00 in its class of club exhibits, competing with exhibits from Connecticut, New Hampshire and Delaware. The Weymouth girls in their exhibit showed several complete dinner menus, a collection of apple products, jams, jellies and conserves, stories, records, and a clever booklet called "Clips From the Canning Club Log." The exhibit was the center of interest in its section of the hall and many appreciative comments were made on the work shown by the girls.

Boys from Norfolk County stood well up on the list of vegetable prize winners. In the lollection of ten kinds of vegetables, Adrian Barnes of Weymouth won second place and Hathaway White of Westwood the third. In collections of five, Hathaway White was second and Harry Howard of Walpole, third. Hathaway White also won first on parsnips and second on onions. Max Greenberg of West Medway was first on onions; George Downer of Westwood, first on beets; Coyle Brothers of Weymouth, first on cabbage with Harry Howard, third; on pumpkins, John Jennings of Weymouth earned a third premium.

At a meeting of the Student Council Considerable interest in football is held October 20th the following of- being shown by the students during ficers were elected to cerve one year: their recreation periods and later we P- esident - William C. Law, Foxboro. shall expect some interesting inter- Secretary - Kenneth F. McCully, Wal- class garner:. There are at present pole. two teams working steadily, one cam- Treasurer - Frederick Price, South posed of members of the Junior and Weymouth Senior Classes captained by Brayton Executive Committee: and the other made up of members Representing the Seniors, Joseph of the younger classes and captained

Milton. Freshmen (lA) - Eldred B. Wales, Candidates are in the field for a West Wrentham. basketball team and from the ma- Freshmen (IB) - Fre^m^^i '^ T^nl- terial on! hand we ought to have a lard, Medway. pretty good team.

Several boys who are musically inclined have joined forces in an attempt to form an orchestra. The interest is high and the individual talent good so the project bids fair to be successful.

Quite a number of the Ooys who came to the School this fall live on farms or have worked on farms in the past and have had one or two years in a high school. Many of these boys are prepared to take up our second year work and a few who have bad a large amount of farm practice as well as the cultural training have been advanced to the Junior Class. Our students are divided into the following classes:

At the recent County Fair the Student Athletic Association conjducted the booth selling ice cream, tonic and candies. A profit of almost $70. was realized from the two days sales which is to be used in purchasing athletic equipment. Part of the proceeds have already been expended for a football, soccer ball, two baseballs, a basketball and basketball nets. The students are now making good use of this equipment. Football scrimmages take place each day and it is hoped that before long the basketball co^urt will be ready for use.

We regret to announce the resignation of Prof. Earl Jones, Massachusetts Agricultural College Specialist in Soils and Crops. Prof. Jones leaves .us to take up the same work in Oihio. His many friends in Norfolk County wish him the best of success in his new field.

Agricultural Department

results of these demonstrations 'have proven, without a doubt that thorough spraying for blight is essential if potatoes are to be S'Uccessfully grown in Norfolk County.

Both lots were Green Mountains and from the same source of seed. Those not sprayed with Bordeaux died down fifteen days before those sprayed. The rot found among those sprayed wtili Bordeaux was on the

Protect Fruit Trees From Mice

Mice girdle thousands of young fr>uit trees every year. The bitter experience last spring of hundreds of Massachusetts fruit growers who had part or all of their young trees girdled by mice working under the snow should bring home to every grower the fact that protecting young trees from mice is just as essential to successful fruit growing as pruning or spraying or any other orchard -operations.

Two kinds of protectors, wire and "building paper, are in comnon use and each of them offers dependable protection. Galvanized wire screening with a quarter inch mesh makes an ideal protector and once in place it will last for years without much attention. Eiut at present prices for wire these protectors cost twelve or tifteen cents apiece an^d this Avill bar them from most orchards.

A good grade of common building paper or sheathing makes a satisfactory protector. It has been used for years at the College with good resiults. Of course mice could gnaw through the building paper if they really wanted to, but they very seldom do it. Building paper in Amherst costs $3.80 per roll of 500 square feet. A roll will out 300 to 500 protectors which makes them cost about one cent each.

We saw the roll into two 18 inch pieces. From these short rolls pieces may be cut long enough to encircle the trunk. They are tied on with pieces of twine. All grass should be cleared away from the base of the tree and the protector should be set low enough to keep the mice from working under it. Paper protectors should be removed in spring.

Paints and washes should be looked upon with suspicion. They work all right until we get a "mouse year" when the mice gnaAv through most of them withont 'hesitation. Furthermore the bark of a yoiurtg tree is verytender and the grower who luses paints and washes promiscuously is liable sooner or later to let himself in for a lot of trouble. Common lead paints will sometimes kill the bark and do more damage than the mice.

Horticulture

Work in the flower garden at this season is confined principallv to a general cleaning up of all refuse and making things snug for the winter. Do not burn any refuse, waste or leaves unless it is infested with insects or disease. All waste vegetable matter should be turned under or put into a compost heap as it is valuable as a humus making material besides adding plant food to the soil.

In the herbaceous borders, transplanting which has not been accomplished should be left until spring as it is a little late to ask a plant to make some new roots before severe weather sets in.

A liberal coating of partly decayed m&nure spread between the plants will prove very helpful. The plantfood contained in this will be washed into the ground by the late fall rains and become available to the plants as soon^ as growth commences in the spring.

In favored locations we find Canterbury Bells and Hollyhocks wintering nicely out of doors. The ground between these plants should be miulched, taking care, however, not to cover the tops of the plants too heavily. This latter rule holds good with nearly all the biennials and many of the perennials.

plan to have a few plants in reserve in the cold frame to take the place of any that may winter kill. Plants wintered in the cold frame should be attended to regularly in regard to ventilation and watering. Be careful not to over water.

Toward the last of the month, or early in December the m.ulching of the strav/berry bed must be attended to. Where they are easily procured we like to use pine needles for this purpose. They are light, will not blow away, and do not bring in any weed seeds.

If yo'U do not lay down the raspberry canes for the winter tie them up to the s*"akes or wires. A few evergreen branches placed on the north and northwest side of the rasp^ berry plantation if it is in an exposed position is beneficial. They may be set in the ground a few inches and will assist in preventing the high winds of the latter part of the winter from damaging the canes.

Norfolk County Grangers are to be congratulated upon the quality of their fairs held this season. The County Agent visited most of them and was impressed by the quality and size of exhibits. It seems, however, that a little more care in selecting specimens would tend to give even better results.

Apple Scab

Hardly a orchard in the County has escaped the apple scab. The following remarks by R. A. Van Meter on the subject will, I am sure, be of interest to you.

"Remember that the time to get the apple scab which is filling the cull barrels this fall is just before the blossoms open in the spring. Figure what it cost you this year. That will make it easier to stop the farm work next spring long enough to get that spray on it at jnst the right time. It doesn't pay lo grow cull fruit. There's too much competition in that grade."

We wish to thank all who cooperated with the Farm Bureau in the different tests conducted throughout the County this summer. The County Agent will soon be qalling again to arrange projects for the coming year and will hope to have the same hearty cooperation awaiting him.

Intestinal Worms

In many parts of the countrv there has been a serious loss from intestinal parasites in poultry. In well fed flocks where h.alf grown chickens are poor and thin or where similar symptons appear in old birds, there is a possibility of extensive infestation of worms.

For 100 birds, steep one pound of finely chopped tobacco stems for two hours in water enough to cover theim. Mix the stems and the liquid with one-half the 'Usual ration of ground feed. The day previous to treatment withhold all feed, giving water only. After the birds have been starved 24 hours, feed the medicated mash, and two hours after it is cleaned up give them one-fourth of the usual ration of ground feed mixed with water in which Epsom salts has been dissolved at a rate of 11 ounces for each 100 birds. The treatment should be repeated 10 days later. After Mie flock has been freed from worms the houses and yards sho.uld be thoroughly cleaned to reduce the chances of reinfestation. The fowls should be removed to temporary quarters and all manure, loose dirt, and surface earth to a depth of several inches removed. The removal material should be placed where the birds cannot get at it, since the roundworm eggs it contains are very resistant and may retain their vitality for as long as a year, possibly longer. It is important that the yards and runs be kept at all times as clean and dry as possible. Manure should not be allowed to accumulate, and wet spots and puddles of stagnant water should be drained, or the location of the yards changed to a place which can be kept in a sanitary condition."

The average October egg yield of the 1,000 hens in the last five annual International Egg Laying Contests, held under the direction of the Connecticut Agricultural College, shows the egg yield to have been a little better than seven eggs per bird. Did yours do as well as that?

The pullets should all be in laying quarters by now and nicely settled which means comfortable and sanitary quarters. The male birds onght to be separated and kept by themselves. Don't forget to supply green feed to the confined birds.

Mr. C. W. Carrick, formerly poultry instructor here and now in the Extension Service of Purdue University, La Fayette, Indiana, is to judge the utility classes at the Chicago Coliseum show this year. This means that the birds will he judged for their probable egg production as shown by the yellow pigment in their skin. Hence only two classes will be provided this year, one for the American and one for the Leghorn classes, but as soo.i as other breeds can be judged intelligently classes will be made for them. At this same show there will be a class for capons, each breed to be judged sepprately. It is interesting that the large.- shows are including the utility classes aicng with standard bred classes which proves that the trend of the times is to combine the fancy and utility qualities in our poultry. This is surely a good sign.

A comparatively new disease ealled the foot and head disease has appeared in eastern Colorado. Experience seems to indicate that it is a sod disease and appears only when chickens are kept on sod according to Mr. I. E. Newson of the Colorado Agricultural College. The (.isease manifests itself by the formation of blisters on the feet and around the head, followed by scale and distortion of the feet and in many cases blindness and death. Control measures consist in plowing .up all sod in the vicinity of the chicken pens cr confining the poultry on plowed ground.

On a farm in Seattle the feathered "Babe Ruth" laid three hundred and twenty-six eggs in % year. Her egg yield was worth $16.00 while she consumed $4.00 worth of feed, leaving quite a substantial profit for the year.