Springfield City (part 8 of 8)

J. H. Cook & Co.'s Monumental Works have been firmly established as a thriving industry of this city. The firm began business in Hallowell, Me., in 1847, as workers of the celebrated " Hallowell " granite. Three years later they removed to Portland, Me., and added the working and wholesaling of marble. About the close of the war the senior partner disposed of his interests, and went to Boston, where for several years he devoted his attention exclusively to granite building work. In the spring of 1872 he came to Springfield, where he has ever since resided. He bought the monumental works and business of H. K. Cooley, and has steadily improved it in both amount and quality, until now it ranks among the foremost in its line in the Connecticut Valley. The firm furnish the heaviest and finest monumental work that can be procured anywhere, which a few years ago could be obtained only in large cities. They are also celebrated for their artistic and original designs, and for fidelity in the execution of contracts. Among their expensive and unique works may be mentioned the family monuments of Oliver Holcomb of Windsor, Conn., surmounted by a granite statue of Hope 7% feet high, and costing $4,000 ; and of Lewis and Milton Bradley, Dr. Nathan Adams, and Chester VanHorn, in the Springfield Cemetery, that of Mr. VanHorn being surmounted by a huge globe of highly polished Quincy granite, 4 feet in diameter, and weighing over 4 tons, being the largest ball of polished granite known to exist ; also of Chaffee and Hyde, in the South Cemetery at Somers, Conn., and of Kibbie and Root in the Centre Cemetery at Somers, the two latter being beautiful statuary designs, the statues having been imported expressly for these monuments. They are also the builders of the new granite drinking-fountain recently presented to the city by D. B. Wesson, Esq. A few years ago they began to import Italian statuary, at first for their own use, but afterwards to supply a flourishing wholesale trade in lawn, parlor, and monumental statuary; importing to order from the leading art-studios of Europe any thing that may be desired. They constantly carry a large and fine stock of statuary and monumental work, as well as a good assortment of native and foreign colored marbles, and are prepared at all times to make designs for special wants. They also furnish every description of interior marble fittings, such as tiling, wainscoting, etc. Recent tiling done by them may be seen at the Hayneshouse rotunda, the Oak-grove Cemetery chapel, and J. H. Wesson's residence on Federal Street. Although the senior member of the firm is still J. H. Cook, its founder, the active business management has for the past eight years devolved upon William F. Cook, the junior member, who is recognized as a thorough-going and public-spirited business-man. The works are centrally located on the south side of State Street, at the corner of Willow, and will be found worthy of an inspection.

Jacob C. Lutz, Lithographer, occupies the two upper floors of the Rav & Taylor building on Worthington Street, ten thousand square feet of space being used for the works. The business was established by Mr. Lutz in Goodrich block in 1867, one small hand-press being used. From this beginning the business has steadily grown to its present dimensions, now being in the foremost ranks of similar establishments in New England. Mr. Lutz has, from the first, given his personal attention to his business, and a look through his establishment shows how near perfection he has carried his art. The work-rooms are well lighted, and excellently arranged throughout the works. Twenty skilled workmen are kept regularly employed ; and four hand-presses for proving and transferring, with three Hoe steam lithographic presses, are used. The chief products are commercial, manufacturers', and colored chromo work ; but all branches of the lithographic art are carried on. Especial care is given to color-work; the drawing, engraving, and printing all being done in the building, and under Mr. Lutz's supervision. Jacob C. Lutz was born in Germany in 1831, and learned his trade in that country. He came to New York in 1849, and to Springfield in 1S62. He was, until 1867, in the lithographic establishment of Milton Bradley, leaving only to begin work for himself. In 1 881 he was elected by the Republicans and Democrats as common-councilman from Ward 3, an office which he held with credit until the last municipal elections, when he was chosen by the Republicans to represent them in the city government as alderman from Ward 3.

The Springfield Printing-Company is the lineal successor of all the local printing-offices and binderies of the early days, and is at the same time one of the most prominent industries of the present day. It is also one of the largest of its class in this country. Its beginning dates back to 1S31, when G. & C. Merriam, the publishers of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, made the first attempt (not including the newspaper-offices) to establish here an office exclusively for book and miscellaneous printing, disconnected from the publishing of a newspaper. The office was opened in State Street, and from that time in its progress of development it has undergone many changes of ownership and location. Its main impetus towards success was its purchase in 1853 by Samuel Bowles & Co., then composed of Samuel Bowles, Josiah G. Holland, and Clark W. Bryan. This firm, by their preeminent ability and unsurpassed enterprise, brought the original little print- ing-office into a great printing and binding establishment. The firm were also publishers of "The Springfield Republican." In 1873 a dissolution took place, which divided the establishment; "The Republican" remaining in the hands of the firm, which continued under the style of Samuel Bowles & Co. ; the printing and binding departments being transferred to the firm which organized under the name of The Clark W. Bryan Company, which continued until 1880, when the name was changed to The Springfield Printing Company. Shortly after the re-organization in 1873, the building now occupied was put up expressly for its uses, by J. L. Worthy ; and with its present accommodations, facilities, and workmen, it is enabled to undertake and execute almost any work that is expected of large and first-class printing establishments, and to do all kinds of special or ordinary binding in cloth or leather or other materials. Under the same roof is a thorough electrotype and stereotype foundery, and within a few miles are scores of extensive paper-mills, so that this company has at its command all the advantages necessary to enter successfully into competition with similar establishments in any part of the United States ; and its wide-spread reputation shows that it has made known these advantages ; and the enormous amount of work annually turned out bears evidence that a large number of firms in New York, Boston, and elsewhere have become its constant patrons. The substantial building now occupied, on the corner of Main and Worthington Streets, is well shown in the engraving on the opposite page; and from this picture its extensive equipment may be surmised. Without going into details as to the extent and variety of work executed here, it may be said that beautiful and elaborately illustrated catalogues are a specialty, and that one of the first really large illustrated catalogues printed in this country was made here in 1866. Various periodicals have also been printed here, which have been creditable specimens of typography; and of books there has been no end to the number and variety rolled off at this establishment. One house, in its several successions, as G. & F. Bill, Bill, Nichols, & Co., and Charles A. Nichols & Co., has had all of its books made here during the past twenty years ; and the demands of this house alone have been at times a thousand books a day for every day during many successive weeks. "The Clark W. Bryan," or the "Springfield," or the "patent tearoff" calendars, as they are variously called, have also been a source of great revenue. They are the popular tear-off calendars used in enormous quantities for advertising purposes by insurance-companies, manufacturers, merchants, and other concerns. Single orders have amounted to $5,000, and some customers have sent in their orders every year ever since the calendars were introduced. The Springfield Directory and kindred works are also published by this company. In the bindery may be seen at all times stacks of the current periodicals being put through the processes of plain and elaborate cloth and leather binding, and thousands of books being put into covers for various publishers. At one time, when the album business was in its glory, this concern was one of the most extensive manufacturers. As much as $300,000 worth was sold in a single year ; and a single company has bought as high as $90,000 worth of these albums in one year. Enough has now been said to show that the Springfield Printing-Company has age, experience, facilities, and reputation that have been acquired in building up this great industry, which has been an important factor in the growth&of the city. The company has the following officers : Charles A. Nichols, president ; Avery J. Smith, treasurer ; George H. Noyes, foreman of the book and job printing office; and Henry E. Ducker, superintendent.

G. & C. Merriam & Co. is the name on a modest little sign on State Street, that is pointed to with pride by every resident of Springfield. It is known to almost all intelligent families in America and Great Britain, and to the traders in almost all lands. It is the name of the firm that owns and publishes that marvellous volume, Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. The early history of the firm, and a description of that part of the business they first built up, is given below, under the caption of " The Old Corner Bookstore of Whitney and Adams." But the part of the business which they seemed by nature and cultivation eminently well fitted for was the publishing of a class of books of infinite service to the whole world. They began by the publication of a series of law-books, one of which was " Chitty's Law Pleadings." They published more than 200,000 copies of the Bible, and many miscellaneous books. They own that little book familiar to every child at school, "Webster's Spelling-Book," of which about 75,000,000 copies have been sold already; and about 1,000,000 copies are sold yearly, in spite of the many competitors now in the same field. After the death of Noah Webster, they purchased the right to publish his dictionary, a revised and enlarged edition of which they published in 1847, which proved to be a remarkable success. Two other editions were issued in 1856 and 1859, the latter containing illustrations. These editions, notwithstanding the immense amount of labor and expense involved in bringing them out, were considered minor affairs when compared with the great revision printed in 1864. The labor on this occupied more than 10 years, involving an aggregate of more than 30 years of literary labor, distributed among nearly 50 individuals. Dr. Mahn of Berlin, an eminent European scholar, spent 5 years upon the etymologies alone. The last edition of this valuable and notable book was brought out in 1879; and now Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, in the quantity of matter it contains, is believed to be the largest volume published, being sufficient to make 75 ordinary l2mo volumes. It has 1,928 large quarto pages, 118,000 words, and 3,000 illustra- tions ; and, in addition, an appendix of almost indispensable information, which, if made into books, would form a series of valuable reference volumes. By reason of the progressive policy of the firm in always improving the dictionary, so as to keep it up to date, it is no wonder it has had an enormous sale, exceeding that of any other printed in the English language. Since the death of Dr. Webster in 1843, the publishers have paid his family over a quarter of a million dollars as their share of the copyright money. The work has been a success abroad as well as in America, and is published in London from plates owned by the Springfield firm. This marked success, when analyzed, will be found to be the result of the highest order of merit, combined with the most persistent and intelligent enterprise. " Get the best " has been the motto of the Webster's Dictionary publishers, and they have heralded this in almost every conceivable manner in all parts of the civilized world. The style of the firm has had but one slight change since they began with Webster. Originally, in 1S31, it was G. & C. Merriam; and, although Homer Merriam became a partner in 1856, it continued unchanged until 1882, when, by the admission of Orlando M. Baker and H. Curtis Rowley, it became G. & C. Merriam & Co. In its present hands, the enterprise bids fair to sustain fully the prosperous record of the past half-century.

The Old Corner Bookstore. - The famous " Old Corner Bookstore " of Whitney & Adams, at the corner of Main and State streets, has come to be historical. It is one of the longest-established and best-known business houses in Springfield. It has done a noble work. For many years it has been sending out an ever-increasing stream of pure, attractive, and instructive literature, until it has reached nearly every part of the land, and nearly every town and village. That the house has attained such great success in the dissemination of valuable literature, is a matter of hearty congratulation ; that they have attained that success by a strict adherence to an exalted ideal, is a matter of the highest public gratification. It is now 53 years since George and Charles Merriam came to this city, and established this business on State Street, in the building now occupied by Wilcox & Co. Three or four years later, the building now occupied by the "Old Corner Bookstore" was erected, and G. & C. Merriam secured new quarters. They soon began the publication of law-books, and issued more than 200,000 Bibles ; but they gained their world-wide reputation in the publication of Webster's Dictionary. During the 53 years of its existence, a number of changes have taken place in the personnel ol the firm ; the last being 13 years ago, when James L. Whitney and W. F. Adams became proprietors. Mr. Whitney has, however, been connected with the house for about 30 years; and Mr. Adams had previously been six years with tin-

Second National Bank. These gentlemen fully maintain the probity and high integrity of the house. They have a keen insight for business ; and, having learned the wants of their customers from long experience, they are eminently fitted to meet the requirements of the great reading public. For years the business of the house has been steadily increasing. At their store can be found every thing that goes to make up a complete book establishment. Their stock is particularly rich in the best editions of standard American and foreign authors and in fine illustrated works. They also have blank-books, office-supplies, and stationers' specialties. They have published several works of local history, including Morris's " History of the First Church," and " Green's Springfield Memories." Here it is that professional men and students have found their supply of books ; here families come ; and here churches and Sunday schools, from all the region about, secure their immense supplies. The thousands of school-children buy their books here for every term, - indeed, the path is well worn toward the " Old Corner Bookstore." Whitney & Adams are also wholesale and retail dealers in wall-papers, window-shades, and interior decorations, which yield results comparable with the happiest effects of mural paintings. There has been a rapid development of taste in this direction ; and Whitney & Adams have always been leaders in its fashions, and have secured for themselves an enviable reputation. Excellent selections can be made from their extensive and elaborate stock of artistic goods. The success of this house is largely due to the straightforward and honorable policy by which their affairs ever have been and are now conducted.

Gill's Art and Book Store is one of the most popular resorts in Springfield. It occupies the greater part of the handsome brick building, with stone trimmings, situated on the corner of Main and Bridge streets. The business includes an art-store, with an extensive stock of paintings, engravings, fine-art goods, and artists' supplies ; a bookstore, with a choice assortment of books ; a stationery-store, with an exquisite supply of stationery and novelties ; a framing-establishment, where all kinds of frames are made to order ; a circulating-library containing 1,500 volumes ; and two art-galleries, unsurpassed in New England, wherein special exhibitions of noted works of art take place once a year, and where all the year round hangs a splendid collection. This place always is a surprise to visitors to Springfield, who hardly expect to see, in a city of about 36,000 people, situated midway between New York and Boston, an establishment so well fitted up, and so creditably stocked ; and the many well-to-do people of the rich country, within a radius of fifty miles of Springfield, find here whatever they need in fine arts and literature. A very large stock of miscellaneous goods is carried for wedding-presents, as well as a full line of the Rogers statu- ary, the exclusive agency of which Mr. Gill has had ever since he began in business. In the stationery department is kept, or made to order, every thing needed in the way of blank-books, wedding and social outfits, and leather goods. The Universal Fashion Company have made this the depository for their long list of patterns. The proprietor and founder of this business is James D. Gill, who was born in Hinsdale, Mass., on the 27th of June, 1849. He came to Springfield in 1867, and was employed by Lewis J. Powers, with whom he remained until 1869, when Mr. Powers disposed of his retail business to Charles W. Clark, in whose employ Mr. Gill continued till he formed a co-partnership in 1 871 with Frederick R. Hayes. Five years later he became sole proprietor. In 1878 he arranged for the erection of Gill's Art Building, which he leased for a term of years. It was designed to accommodate the business, and has undoubtedly been of great service in enabling the proprietor to reach his present success. Mr. Gill keeps employed, at all times, about fifteen persons ; and in holiday seasons, thirty-five or more. His good work is already felt throughout this locality, and many homes have been made beautiful as a result of his efforts to introduce the highest grade of art. As lie is still a young man, comparatively speaking, he is reasonably certain of securing that pecuniary reward to which his experience, reputation, and talents abundantly entitle him.

but their marked ability, and their evident enterprise, have already won them a prominent place in the community. The unique architecture of the front of their new brick building, at 331 and 333 Main Street, will attract even any casual observer; and the exquisite stock, its neat arrangement, and its great variety, will meet the tastes of the most fastidious. In some respects this is a new industry for Springfield. Heretofore fine steel-engraving and plate-printing, and a high grade of wood-engraving, were not actually done in the city : but now, under this one roof, may be seen the progressive steps of designing, engraving on wood, steel, or copper, and printing any thing needed for commercial or social uses. Stationery outfits for weddings, parties, balls, etc., and supplies of all kinds (blank-books, printing, stationery, etc.) for counting-rooms, can be obtained here in as good style and of as fine quality as at any establishment in larger cities. Exquisite job-printing for menus, ball and entertainment programmes, church and society histories, and lists of members, and kindred work, is one of the specialties of this firm, and for which they take the lead in this city. The members of the firm are two young men, - Louis H. Orr and George B. Hooker; and it is safe, in their case, to predict a long and successful career in an occupation for which they seem to have exceptional qualifications. The extent to which their business has been developed within a few years maintains our position in presenting this house as one of the noteworthy industries of this city.

Forbes & Wallace. - The leading dry-goods house of Springfield succeeded to a business begun in an unpretentious manner in 1866, in the Barnes Block, at the north-west corner of Main and Vernon Streets. Although the location has never been changed, the premises have been extended from time to time, until now the firm occupy upwards of 12 times the area of the original store. The establishment includes the main floor of the building, 200 by 50 feet, with a basement corresponding in size, and a second story not quite so large. At first the firm were simply the tenants of the small corner store : now they are the landlords of the large building. The building, too, has been several times altered to suit the demands of the business , so that now the quarters of Forbes & Wallace present one of the most attractive establishments, as well as the largest of its kind, in the Connecticut Valley. It is well lighted, not merely by numerous side and front windows, but also by an immense skylight. It is fitted out with the modern appliances for carrying on the business, - elevators, steam heat and power, cash-railways, etc. The stock, although nominally dry-goods, practically includes an unlimited variety of goods requisite for the wants of men, women, and children, - dry -goods, cloaks, millinery, fancy-goods, notions, furnishing-goods, toys, books, etc. ; and in quality ranges from the cheapest of native to the costliest of foreign goods. Besides the local or retail trade, the firm do extensive wholesaling in supplying the dealers up and down the Connecticut Valley. The members of the original firm were

Forbes & Wallace, Dry-Goods Establishment

Alexander Forbes and J. M. Smith, both of whom had had much experience in the trade ; Mr. Forbes having been for some years with Churchill, Watson, & Co. of Boston. Mr. Smith, in 1874, withdrew from the firm to become connected with Churchill, Watson, & Co., afterwards Churchill, Gilchrist, Smith, & Co. At that time, Andrew B. Wallace, who for upwards of four years had been conducting a store at Pittsfield as an associate of Mr. Smith under the firm name of Smith & Wallace, came to Springfield to associate himself with Mr. Forbes, under the style of the present firm. Mr. Wallace, too, had at one time been in the employ of the firms of Churchill, Watson, & Co., and Hogg, Brown, & Taylor, two old and noteworthy firms of Boston. The two partners are Scotchmen, and combine, with their energy and ability, unquestioned integrity, and a strong characteristic determination to bring to the front whatever they put their hands to. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that Forbes & Wallace have developed their once little retail store into the largest and most prominent wholesale and retail dry-goods house in Massachusetts, excepting only some of those in Boston.

Warren D. Kinsman, whose fancy dry-goods and novelties establishment occupies the corner stores of the handsome brick structure known as Kinsman's Block, on the west side of Main Street at the corner of Bridge Street, enjoys the distinction of being at the head in his line in Western Massachusetts. This pre-eminence Mr. Kinsman has fairly earned by devoting his whole lifetime to the business in which he is still actively engaged. He began as a clerk in a similar establishment in 1852, in Manchester, N.H. ; and in 1858 went to Boston into the concern of his former employer, J. A. Howard. In 1861 he came to Springfield in the employ of the brother of his then recent Boston employer, J. C. Howard, who died in 1862. The next four years he was associated in the continuance of this same business with Luther G. Howard, another brother, under the firm name Howard & Kinsman, which continued until August, 1866, since which time Mr. Kinsman has conducted the business alone in his own name. At first, the store was on Main Street, a few doors north of State Street, now occupied by T. S. Stewart, in the Pynchon Bank Block; and continued here until 1870, when it was moved to 360 Main Street, now occupied by L. S. Stowe & Co. In 1880 the final move was made into the present brick block, which was built by Mr. Kinsman on land purchased by him of the Hampden Savings Bank, and of the Trask family, where for a couple of generations stood one of the most noteworthy homes of Springfield. Here one can see a model store in its line, - light, convenient, well arranged, fully stocked, and ably managed. Here one will be served promptly and intelligently, and go away satisfied that the goods are exactly what they purport to be. The premises include the first and second floors, and the basement, and comprise about S,ooo square feet. The business includes not only the choicest local retail trade, but also a good line of wholesale customers among the better class of kindred establishments in the Connecticut Valley.

Haynes & Co. are the leading clothiers of the city ; and, in fact, the history of the clothing and men's outfitting business in Springfield can almost be written from the experience of the Haynes family, who have taken a prominent part in the later development of the city. In the chapter on Places of Amusement, may be seen a portrait of Tilly Haynes, who erected Haynes Hotel and the Haynes Music Hall, served for some time as State senator, and founded the establishment now under consideration. And it may be remarked, that while Springfield has been the home of many noted people, and has earned an enviable reputation as a model New-England city, its present growth and success have, after all, been due, to a great extent, to the energetic men of moderate means ; in which class would justly belong Mr. Haynes, who in his thirty-years' residence has done his full share in making the city what it is. He came here in the spring of 1849, and opened a branch of the famous "Oak Hall " in Boston, the pioneer house in this trade. His success sufficed in a short time to satisfy him, just then twentyone years old, that he would be wise to buy the business. Up to 1849 ver>' little made-up clothing had been sold in this city; and even that little was sold by several general stores who kept a small variety of the commonest sort, one or two tailors who kept a limited assortment, and one or two small shops that attempted to make an exclusive business of it. Mr. Haynes opened in a small building on Main Street, near State Street, where the Springfield Institution for Savings block now stands. The first year's business amounted to $8,000, the second to $20,000; and the third year he rebuilt the larger stores adjoining on the north, on the Edwards estate, previously occupied by Gunn & Co. Here Mr. Haynes began to demon strate his capacity for pushing his business. He published an advertising paper, which he distributed at the rate of 80,000 copies per month ; and by this and other means he increased the business to upwards of $100,000 a year. In 1857 he purchased the house and gardens corner Main and Pynchon Streets, and built the first local theatre, and at the same time larger quarters for this business. Here he associated with himself four or five younger brothers, and the business was brought up to over a quarter of a million dollars annually. In the great fire of 1864 tli is property was destroyed, together with other buildings belonging to Mr. Haynes, on the opposite corner. He, however, proceeded at once to not only rebuild the Opera House, but also to build the Haynes Hotel on the opposite corner. At this time the younger brothers, with Theodore L. Haynes at the head, made up a new firm, which has since continued the business. They have constantly increased it, until now the establishment of Haynes & Co. is the leading house in Western Massachusetts. In 1880 the business was moved into the handsome brick building, Nos. 346 and 348 Main Street, which had been built for McKnight, Norton, & Hawley, and admirably adapted to admit of an unsurpassed exhibition of the great stock of clothing always carried by the firm. The main floor is 40 by 204 feet, and 18 feet high. It is excellently lighted, and is probably the finest clothing salesroom in the Connecticut Valley. The building is the property of Theodore L. Haynes, the senior partner, and is one of the most attractive on Main Street. The business comprises four distinct departments: ist, men's ready-made clothing; 2d, boys' and chil- dren's clothing; 3d, custom clothing: 4th, men's furnishing-goods. It may surprise even some Springfield people to learn that the firm's ready-madeclothing department alone has kept, since 1866, upwards of 150 people constantly employed. The firm are generally esteemed as thoroughly trustworthy, and the goods they sell are always to be found just as the) are represented; and the entire establishment is one of those local enterprises in which the citizens take pride.

underwear, linens, domestics, prints, etc. Occupying the corner of Court Square and Main Street, the rooms are well lighted by large windows ; the wholesale department in the basement being as favored in this respect as the general salesrooms on the two floors above. The firm, finding their business still growing, have plans under way whereby the establishment will be still further enlarged and improved by the addition of the large stoie on Court Street, directly in the rear of that at present occupied by them. Messrs. Smith & Murray hold high positions among the merchants of Springfield ; J. M. Smith, the senior member of the firm, having come to this city in 1866, when he became a member of the dry-goods firm of Forbes & Smith, remaining until 1874, when he returned to Boston, and became a member of the firms of Churchill, Gilchrist, Smith, & Co., and Smith & Watson. In 1S79 he located permanently here. Peter Murray, the junior member, was for several years salesman with the well-known Boston firm of Hogg, Brown, & Taylor, and also with Churchill, Watson, & Co., and Smith & Watson.

The Fisk Manufacturing Company is situated on Walker Street, in the southern part of the city, and is one of the largest soap-works in the New- England States. This large and prosperous establishment was founded in 1853 by T. T. Fisk. Afterward the firm was known as L. I. Fisk & Co.; and in 18S0 the present corporation was formed, under the name of the Fisk Manufacturing Company. The business has grown year by year, until the company's goods are known and used in every State in the Union, and also extensively in foreign countries. At these works 40 men are kept regularly employed, and an average of 150 tons of soap a week is turned out. The brands of soap which are made a specialty of are the "Japanese," "White Prussian," "Pale;" and in 1884 the company will put upon the market a new brand, called the " Golden Rule," for popular use. Aside from these, 15 or 20 grades of manufacturers' soaps - consumed by woollen, cotton, silk, and carpet mills - are made by the Fisk company, several hundreds of tons of these goods alone being shipped during the year. The latter class of soaps do not bear the company's trade-mark, but are sold entirely for the use of manufacturers. The works are roomy, well lighted, and excellently arranged throughout. The soaps are manufactured upon fixed scientific principles ; the boiling all being done by steam, while the machinery and ingenious apparatus for moulding and stamping are the best known to the trade, and compare favorably with the largest manufactories of the kind in the country. Improvements are constantly being made at the works, and the business is pushed with enterprise and honest dealing. The buildings cover 125 by 250 feet of ground. The main structure is of wood, four stories in height, every floor of which is used for some part of the manufacture of soap. The additions are of brick, the most important of which is a storehouse 30 by 80. The offices have been newly fitted at the beginning of the year 1884, and the private office is elaborate in its decoration and finish. It is finished in natural wood ; the doors and panels being of highly polished cherry, and the floor of maple inlaid with dark woods. The furniture is of cherry, the chairs being richly upholstered in red leather. The wall-paper is dark in tone, the greens and bronzes being traced with gold. The office is a surprise and delight to the visitor, who, leaving the busy workshops, is ushered into this snug little room in one corner of the company's enclosure. The present officers of the Fisk Manufacturing Company are : president, George C. Fisk ; treasurer, Noyes W. Fisk.

Kalmbach & Geisel, the lager-beer brewers, whose establishment is on the Boston road, just beyond the eastern terminus of the horse-car line, has grown, under the management of the present proprietors, to hold a high place among the industries of the city. The business was begun, in a very small way, in 1869; but it was not until bought by the present owners, Messrs. Kalmbach & Geisel, that it became an assured success. In 1869 the capacity of the brewery was barely 1,000 barrels of beer per year, while at the present time 40,000 barrels may be easily turned out.

The space now occupied by the company covers about ten acres, and the buildings are admirably constructed and arranged. Of these, the main brewery building is a three-story wooden structure, 40 by 150 feet. The ground floor of this building is used for the company's office; an engineroom, where a large hydraulic-pump draws water from an artesian well, 180 feet in depth; and an immense vat, holding 150 barrels of mash, where the first process of beer-brewing is carried on. From this vat the beer passes through pipes to a copper caldron, with a capacity of 130 barrels, on the floor above. After boiling, the liquid is forced to the cooler on the upper floor, and thence to the filterers and coolers, where it is made ready for the fermenting-vats in another part of the building. All the machinery and appointments of the establishment are of the most approved modern manufacture. The greatest care is taken in brewing the Kalmbach & Geisel beer, about fifteen experienced workmen being kept employed during the busy season. The brick ice-vaults, erected in 18S0, are considered among the best of the sort in the country. The building, 44 by 64 feet, and 90 feet in height, has three cellars, and holds 4,550 barrels of beer. The icechamber on the upper floor holds 1,200 tons of ice, the cellars below being cooled and ventilated by air-chambers and registers, all admirably planned. In addition to this, there is a second and smaller ice-house with a capacity of 4,000 barrels of beer. The wooden ice-house, for storage purposes, holds

2,200 tons of ice, which, with the stables, is in the rear of the main buildings. Six delivery teams are kept in constant use. Messrs. Christian Kalmbach and Theodore Geisel have a residence in the enclosure, and are both gentlemen of German birth, and thoroughly skilled in the art of brewing. In addition to the local sale of their beer, the firm have built up a good trade all through Hampden County, and at many points in the surrounding territory.

The R. H. Smith Manufacturing Company, although incorporated Dec. 2, 1883, is the legitimate outcome of some twenty years' effort in this line of work by R. H. Smith, whose name has become familiar to all dealers in rubber and metal stamps, rubber type, and rubber-stamp goods. Notwithstanding there are in the United States many concerns who style themselves "manufacturers" of this line of goods, there are in fact but few concerns who really manufacture the goods ; and of these there is not one anywhere which manufactures on such a large scale, or which has such an extensive business, as the one now under consideration. Nor is there any which owns or controls so many patented specialties that are associated with this industry. The company was incorporated under the laws of Massachusetts, with its capital of thirty thousand dollars all paid in. The president is R. Hale Smith, the vice-president is Henry M. Smith, and the treasurer is Arthur C. Harvey, all of whom have been associated together for a number of years, and all of whom are thoroughly practical workmen in this line of business. The premises include a large part of the three-story brick building on the north-east corner of Main and Worthington Streets, where the firm have been located ever since 1873. Twenty-five men are generally employed; and this establishment, aside from being the largest of its kind in the whole country, is the oldest in New England. The use of rubber stamps in hundreds of forms has become within a few years almost unlimited, and this is due to a great extent to the many improvements made in the same. Among the most important was the introduction, by them, of metal-bodied rubber type, changeable like ordinary type, so that with one stamp and a quantity of type an endless variety of hand-printing may be done. Probably the most important recent invention is "Smith's Patent Lever Self-inker," a self-inking stamp, using interchangeable metal-bodied rubber type, as well as dating and other solid dies. It is practically many stamps in one, and is a simple, ingenious, and well-constructed piece of mechanism. It is patented not only in the United States, but in several foreign countries ; and the foreign trade already built up by this firm for this stamp and their various lines of goods is evidence that Springfield wares are acceptable abroad as well as at home. Among the other noteworthy specialties of this firm may be briefly enumerated their " Bay State Seal

Presses," of which tons are sold yearly, and which are used in thousands of public and corporation offices ; the " Monitor Check Protector," a machine which punches a series of small round holes through the paper so as to form figures indicating the amount of the check; the "Automaton Check Perforator," another machine, having the same object in view, but finer in construction, and more costly; the " Hinged-cover Inking Cushions," a simple and serviceable inking pad for rubber hand-stamps ; the " Steel Wheel Numbering Machine," for paging books or numbering checks, certificates, etc. ; the "Automaton Self-inker," - sometimes called the "Tom Thumb " stamp; "The Pencil Stamp," a neat little stamp made to fit on the end of a lead-pencil. Besides these specialties, a complete line of goods used by metal and rubber stamp dealers is kept. Here many of the rubberstamp makers get their stamps, seal presses, and other articles, into which they affix the rubber printing-dies. And although the firm has a long list of direct patrons among banks, insurance companies, and firms, its chief business is with dealers and stationers in all parts of the world ; and it is this fact that entitles the firm to a notice among the noteworthy industries of this city.

Barney & Berry. - The manufacture of skates, carried on so extensively in the beautiful building of which a cut is shown, was commenced in 1864, in the building then known as Warner's Pistol Factory at Pecowsic, and removed to Mill River in 1866. In 1869 Mr. John Berry retired from the firm; and Mr. Barney continued there the firm name until 1872, when he moved the business to their own factory on Broad Street, where they employed in a building two stories high, 30 by 100 feet, some thirty hands. The reputation of the Barney & Berry skate continued to grow, and became so world-wide in the next ten years, that they were forced to build the present building in 1882, where they are now located. This factory is 100 feet on Broad Street, 200 feet on Hanover Street, and 120 feet on Elmwood Street, and three stories high. The most skilled workmen are employed. The kinds of skates made are numerous, and have been awarded the highest medals for excellence where exhibited. In 1876, at Philadelphia, they received the only medal awarded; in 1873, tne highest medal at Vienna; and in 1878, likewise at Paris. The firm's illustrated catalogue of 20 pages shows the great variety of styles, such as the ladies' club, clamp, and wood-top skates, gents' club and clamp, the American rink-skate, the sidewalk roller-skate, extra parts, etc. Whatever the firm make, in form, quality, and ornamentation, has been thoroughly proven during the last twenty years to be of the highest artistic excellence. The New-York office is 114 Chambers Street; Boston office, 125 and 127 Pearl Street; and Philadelphia, at 514 Commerce Street.

King'S Hand Boo A' Of Springfield

Kibbe Brothers & Co., manufacturing confectioners, own and occupy the building at the corner of Main Street and Harrison Avenue. They rank among the oldest and most reliable business houses of the city. The house is the largest and most important of the sort in New England, outside of Boston, and was established in 1825. Itwas not, however, until 1S43 that the Kibbes became identified with the business, when the firm became known as Simons, Kibbe, & Co. ; Horace Kibbe being associated with George A. Kibbe, his brother. The latter remained in the firm until his death in 1882; while the former, together with E. McElwin and S. D. Porter, make the present company. The factory covers an area of 70 x 1 10 feet in dimensions, four floors and a basement being used. The work-rooms are thoroughly equipped with all the latest apparatus and appliances known to the trade ; and between sixty and seventy operatives, men and women, are kept constantly employed. Nine wagons are kept on the road during the entire year, distributing the company's products within a circuit of one hundred miles of Springfield. The quality of the goods manufactured by this house is well known. At this factory all varieties of fine and fancy confectionery, stick-candy, and toys and holiday novelties, are made from pure goods and free from adulteration.

The Phillips Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of steam-heating apparatus for public and private buildings, and dealers in steam-and-gasfitters' and plumbers' supplies, was incorporated in March. 1876, and is the successor of Phillips, Mowry, & Co. who, in turn succeeded Julius H. Appleton & Co. The president and treasurer of the present company is Henry M. Phillips, one of Springfield's most active and best-known citizens, who has represented the district in the Legislature, and is now the mayor of the city, having recently been elected a second time, director of the Second National Bank, of the Five Cents Savings Bank. etc. The secretary is G. Frank Adams, who has been connected with the company and its predecessors since 1866. Although executing a great amount of work within this immediate vicinity, the company is known throughout New England, and often successfully competes for contracts on public work elsewhere. A recent contract with the State of Connecticut included the heating, ventilating, lighting, and plumbing of the new Normal School at New Britain ; and the work is pronounced as one of the most successful undertakings of its kind in the State. The company put the steam-heating apparatus into the State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester, where the five large boilers furnishing steam are placed several hundred feet from the buildings warmed, also into the Women's Reformatory Prison at South Framingham, and innumerable other public and private buildings in New England and New York. The premises occupied are on the south side of Worthington Street, in the fourstory brick building Nos. 121 and 123. They include the first floor and basement, two lofty and light rooms, each 100 by 40 feet, supplied with steam-power, and well equipped with all the requisite tools and appliances for the finest or greatest quantity of work. About 25 workmen are employed.

The E. Stebbins Manufacturing Company, brass founders and finishers, have their extensive manufactory at Brightwood, only a few rods south of the Wason Car Company's Works. The E. Stebbins Manufactory has long been recognized as one of the leading industries of the Connecticut Valley, and the work produced takes its place with the best fine brass castings and plumbers' supplies manufactured in America. This house was established by Erastus Stebbins, a pioneer in the trade, at Chicopee, Mass., in 1848. At that time the work was done in a small wooden shop, the chief articles manufactured being a patent molasses gate and faucet, of Mr. Stebbins's invention. These patents gave him the control of the market for the first named, and aided him in competing so successfully with the makers of other faucets that he was able to make his business handsomely remunerative, and so very successful in every respect that his competition was seriously felt by older and larger establishments. As business increased, the shop at Chicopee became far too small for economical management; and, finding better facilities in this city for manufacturing, Mr. Stebbins removed his works here in 1S61. His production was largely and rapidly added to, not the least of which was a general brass-foundery business. He accumulated a handsome fortune : and in 1868 he sold out his entire interest, shop, fixtures, and patents to Messrs. Hayden, Gere, & Co. of Haydenville, Mass., and retired from business. In this year, 1S6S, the E. Stebbins Manufacturing Company was incorporated, with a capital stock of $50,000. But other changes in the management followed. In 1872 Messrs. F. B. Cook and W. A. Taylor of Hinsdale, Mass., bought out the business, and continued it until 1875, when the entire manufactory was destroyed by fire. The present works were erected in 1875. *n l&7& H.

M. Brewster, for many years connected with Messrs. Hayden, Gere, & Co., was made agent and manager, a position which he now admirably fills. The buildings consist of a four-story brick factory, 40 by 90 feet; and a one-story foundery building adjoining, covering an area of 50 by 100 feet. The works are thoroughly equipped with the latest improved machinery and tools, and a force of 100 skilled workmen are kept employed. The specialties of the house are the Stebbins and Brightwood patent compression and ground key work, Broughton's patent self-closing work, the Springfield patent universal hose coupling, and diamond bronze.

Chauncey L. Moore has been a photographer in Springfield for twentyeight years, and is now the longest-established photographer in Hampden County. His gallery at No. 441 Main Street, opposite Court Square, has been occupied by him for twenty consecutive years, and is familiar to all who ever have occasion to come to this city. Since he began here, Mr. Moore has photographed almost all the men, women, and children who have been noteworthily identified with this locality. Almost every Knight Templar, Mason, Odd Fellow, clergyman, public officer, and business man has sat for his picture in this gallery; and to-day there are here nearly thirty thousand negatives carefully put away, all registered and classified. Here, too, may be found the negatives of hundreds of buildings and views made during the score of years just passed. In making this Handbook, the publisher has had occasion to draw on this collection for much material which could not have been obtained anywhere else. But not only does the gallery possess a great abundance of material, but it exhibits a grade of work rarely found outside of the largest cities. A mere glance through the frames and cases will make evident that Mr. Moore has kept abreast of the times, and has promptly introduced the improvements in the art or profession to which he has devoted his whole lifetime. The work executed here comprises photography in all its branches ; portraits in ink, oil, water, or crayon ; and enlarging or copying of every kind. The apartments are cosey and neat, and the attendants are invariably courteous ; and these facts, combined with the excellence of the work, have drawn to this gallery hundreds of patrons from New York, Boston, and elsewhere, who from various causes at times come to this city. An important branch of the establishment is the exquisite framing of portraits. The building occupied is gradually becoming one of the relics of the town, and will long be remembered by the present generation of Springfield people.

The Chapman Valve Manufacturing Company have their works in Ward 8, Indian Orchard, on the line of the railroad owned by the Indian-Orchard Mills, running between the main line of the Boston and Albany and the Athol Railroads on Pine Street, facing Essex and Hampshire Streets. The present buildings consist of machine-shop, brass-finishing shop, pattern department, and blacksmith-shop on Pine Street, 285 feet long, and three stories high, all of brick, with power elevators, and all modern improvements. Opposite this is a large brick building for office, and storage for finished goods, connected with the finishing-shop by an iron bridge spanning the railroad-track. In the rear of the finishing-shop, and forming a square, are the brass and iron founderies, and annex buildings. The brassfoundery is of brick, 50 by 75, built expressly for their special work. Their new iron-foundery, just completed, is of brick, 60 by 150, with monitor roof, 2 large Mackenzie furnaces, large core-ovens, cranes, and railroad-track running through the entire length. Joined to the iron-foundery, at right angles, is an annex building, 175 feet long, for engine and boiler rooms, cleaning and tumbling castings, storage of foundery supplies, etc. In the rear of the iron-foundery is a brick building, 150 feet long, for storage of coal, moulding-sand, etc. The company has also just completed a spur-track

2,000 feet long, for the better handling of iron-foundery supplies. All of the above buildings are new, or nearly so, of brick, and have the most approved appliances for fire protection. Their power consists of three large boilers, and two 50-horse-power Corliss engines. Their present force is 160 men, divided among the several departments, under competent mechanics as foremen, who, in turn, are under a skilful mechanic as superintendent.

The various goods manufactured by this company are valves and gates, for steam, water, gas, oil, ammonia, etc., and a large variety of fire-hydrants. Their goods are too widely known to need any description here, or any indorsement as to character. They are to be found in use all over the country, and in parts of Europe. The capacity of the works has been taxed to its utmost for the past 5 years in filling their orders. Their machinery, tools, patterns, and every thing pertaining to their equipment, are of the best order and most approved design, and the results of large outlays of money, and careful and skilful management.

The Chapman Valve Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1874, with a capital of $60,000, afterward increased to $100,000, its present capital. The first building was completed in 1874, and all the others have been built within the past four years. The directors are Samuel R. Payson, Percival L. Everett, Harvey D. Parker, and H. S. Hovey (all of Boston), Joseph W. Smith of Andover, C. J, Goodwin of Indian Orchard, and James D. Safford of Springfield. The president is Samuel R. Payson, the treasurer is Percival L. Everett, and the general manager Jason Giles. The general office and works are at Indian Orchard in Springfield; and the treasurer's office is at 72 Kilby Street in Boston.

The Hampden Watch Company was incorporated in June, 1877; since which time it has probably done more to popularize the American watch, and put it into universal favor, than any other similar concern in the country. This has been accomplished by the high standard they have continuously maintained in all points of fine and accurate finish of their goods, and the wonderful time-keeping qualities which their methods of construction and arrangements of the working-parts peculiar to these watches have developed. The company is strictly a home enterprise ; the stock being controlled by Springfield capitalists, and the officers among the most prominent of her successful business men. The plant is located on Armory Hill, covering several acres. The four large buildings are complete in every respect. The main structure is of brick, three stories in height, with a basement. It is finished entirely with hard woods, sheathed with ash, cherry trimmings, and floors of maple, while the work-rooms are supplied with cherry workbenches 2 inches thick. The windows are large, giving ample light to the manufactory. The dimensions of the building are 30 by 120 feet; and to this a fifth is to be added of the same size and architecture, with a tower between the two, 60 by 60 feet, and four stories high. The special and automatic machinery used in the factory was made from their own designs ; while the whole is operated by an engine of 85 to 100 horse-power, and two boilers of about 100 horse-power. It is expected, that, when the additional buildings are completed, the number of operatives will be very largely increased. The factory has fourteen separate departments, and here all parts of the watches are made. Beginning with the peculiar tools required in the manufacture of the most delicate parts, and finishing with the adjustment to heat, cold, and positions, none of the work leaves the factories until completed. Each watch is kept in the adjusting-room until perfectly finished for an accurate time-keeper. One of the proofs that this company is enterprising and prosperous in the highest degree is shown by the fact that there is probably no manufacturing establishment in Springfield or vicinity where help earn larger wages than they do here. This manufactory, like many of those mentioned in this chapter, derives its trade almost wholly from firms outside of the limits of this city; and it has become a recognized competitor in every city of any importance throughout this country, and in fact in many other countries. The " Springfield watches " have been successfully brought before the American people, as well worthy of their general patronage. The president and treasurer of the Hampden Watch Company is Charles D. Rood ; and the directors are James Abbe, James D. Brewer, H. J. Cain, N. F. Leonard, and Charles D. Rood. The directors are well known as business men of the highest character, and the president has gained the esteem and confidence of the jewellers of the country.

The Cheney Bigelow Wire Works, on Taylor Street, may be classed among the most successful and growing manufactories of the city. The business was founded in 1842 by Cheney Bigelow, the present company having been organized in 1874; since which time they have so rapidly grown that the establishment has several times been enlarged, until they now occupy two floors, 80 x 100 feet, of the building owned by the Wason Manufacturing Co. They make a specialty of wire goods for banks, counting-rooms, and public buildings, and also wire railings and fencings. The productions of the works also embrace all kinds of brass and iron wire cloths, also foundery riddles, and coal and sand screens. The " Dandy Rolls,'' for producing water-marks in the manufacture of paper, are also made by this company. So well and favorably known are the products of this house, that not only do they largely supply the United States, but Canada and the foreign markets. The management of the business is in the hands of W. D. Stevens, who is the treasurer of the company.

The Bullard Repeating-Arms Company is one of the new industries; but as it has started on a noteworthy scale, under favorable auspices, superior management, with large capital and unsurpassed facilities, it will probably not be long before it will be recognized everywhere as one of the many great manufacturing establishments of Springfield. It starts with a capital of five hundred thousand dollars, and with George H. Ball of Worcester as president, and Horace H. Bigelow of Worcester as treasurer. The manager, James H. Bullard, is the inventor of the Bullard rifles. His love for this work seems to be innate, as may be gleaned from the fact, that, at the ao-e of twelve years, he very quickly traded for a rifle, a watch which had been given him. From that time he has been keenly interested in fire-arms of all kinds, although at times engaged on other mechanical work. For five years he was making pistols for Smith & Wesson, and while there obtained several patents now held by that firm. For three years past he has been perfecting the Bullard rifles, which have been at once recognized as superior to all others of their class, - carrying heavier cartridges, shooting more rapidly, being safer to operate, easier to handle, and simpler to load. The materials are all of the finest quality. The workmanship is as perfect as possible. The Bullard rifles are of fourteen different calibres, gotten up in about one hundred different styles. Their force and strength have never been equalled in any other. A bullet from the Bullard rifle, using the regular U. S. cartridge (45 calibre, 70 gr. powder), has, at a distance of 3,000 yards from muzzle of gun, penetrated a three-inch spruce plank and eight inches of sand. The larger rifle carries twelve loads. The manufacturing establishment is worthy of special mention. The buildings are unusually well constructed, and compare favorably with any manufacturing establishment in this country. They were built all of brick, from the plans of Mr. Bullard, who had in mind every demand of the business. They are substantial and attractive. The windows have been arranged so as to furnish the utmost amount of light. The main building is three stories high, 165 feet long, and 40 feet wide. The equipment of the finest of metal and wood-working machinery is ingeniously arranged; and it is worth the time and trouble of any resident or visitor to go through the establishment. There is good working room for 200 men, and about 50 guns a day can be made. The engine and boiler house seems to be a model in its way, and contains the Hawkins boilers and a Hartford engine of 150 horse-power. The situation is most delightful; being at the head of State Street, at the crossing of the New- York and New-England Railroad. The company's property includes two acres, and provision has been made for future enlargement.

owners. Florida Street is being continued out to the Athol railroad-track : and 100 men have been at work in different parts of the grove, grading building-lots at the west end, and trimming up the old avenues throughout. A road is to be cut from Florida Street into the grove, winding about to the head of the ravine, whence the two former roads through the ravine are to be restored to usefulness. One of these leads down the west bank, past the summer-house, and under the New-England railroad-track, to the mineral-spring on the low land. The other road, along the east bank, will cross the railroad at grade, and a culvert will be built over the brook. The wild growth in the ravine is to be trimmed, and the beauty of the graded banks restored as Major Ingersoll left them many years ago. The summerhouse has been rejuvenated, and is ready, in a bright new dress of paint, to receive visitors. The mineral-spring, famous of old for its cures, is to be surrounded by a stone curbing ; and its waters are to be made easily accessible to those in search of health, or of something new to drink. Several culverts are being located in different parts of the grounds. Thus a pleasant strolling-place, long sought as a measure of public beneficence, is thrown open to our citizens by keen-sighted business men, who propose to illustrate anew the lesson shown in the " McKnight reservation," that whatever is worth doing in the real-estate trade is worth doing well. Dollars and beauty come together here.

A well-done work was that of Major Edward Ingersoll on this knoll. It was as for a place he loved, and expected to pass his days in, that he set out the shade-trees that will bear testimony of him for generations to come, and ran the plough over the slopes, smoothing, grading, and adorning this most steadfast of friends. The summer-house held many a gay party, the orchards responded bountifully for his care, the brook bubbled its thanks, and the spring had a "practice " that doctors might envy. The grove has had a history, and has been the subject of much speculation of various kinds in the last 40 years. As indicating the fluctuation in its supposed value, it is related that William Mattoon once put the price for threequarters of an acre from it at $6,000. The grove was Solomon Hatch's property till 1845 or 1S46, when it was bought by Major Ingersoll, who held it for 20 years, during which time he changed it from its unkempt state to the form which under the scars of time it bears to-day. But it proved as hard to keep as a white elephant; and Mr. Ingersoll parted with it to Hinsdale Smith and one Billings of Philadelphia, in 1866 or 1868, for $25,000. It was sold in 1872 to Henry W. Phelps for $42,500, passing into the hands of Willis Phelps and William Mattoon. Great expectations were then entertained of its value; but the building of the Athol Railroad, which was the chief reason for its purchase, damaged its value for residence purposes not a little. Various projects for its use have been conceived. It was pro- posed at one time to locate the insane-asylum there instead of at Northampton. Major Ingersoll has desired to see it taken as a hospital-site, being convinced that its breezes should be availed of. The recent cemetery and public-park propositions are familiar.

The work that W. H. and J. D. McKnight, with occasional associates, have done in building up the new district of the Hill, is represented in rather impressive figures. Buying land in the rough, by the acre, they have paid about $175,000 for some 175 acres of land. Of this, 115 acres are partly built on, and divided by 19 streets, which have been mainly graded, hardened, bordered with sidewalks, and curbed at the McKnights' expense; and 60 acres are still unimproved. They have laid two or three miles of curbing, set out 3,000 trees, and built several short sewers at their own expense. They have built and sold more than 100 houses; more than 200 houses stand on land sold by them ; and they have now, complete or in the process of construction, six more. They have built, or will have finished in a few weeks, five fountains at street-corners, each surrounded by a border of turf with a few trees and intersecting paths. These pretty spots add greatly beyond their cost to the attractiveness of the neighborhood, and are found to be a good financial investment. One of the newer streets, Dartmouth, running from Bay Street to St. James Avenue, is 100 feet wide, and has four rows of shade-trees, a wide strip of turf lying between the sidewalk and carriage-way. Yale and Harvard Streets are 50 feet wide. The other streets which they have entirely laid out, or have had a large share in making, are : Westminster, Buckingham, Thompson, Sherman, McKnight, Catherine, Bowles, Clarendon, Buckingham Place, Oak-Grove Avenue, Edgewood, and one new street. East of State Street are also Beacon, Colton, Hawley, and Winchester. A tract fronting 900 feet on the west side of State Street has been built on by them. Their fountains and parks are: McKnight Park, Clarendon Fountain, Dartmouth Park, Buckingham Fountain, and the Thompson Triangle park yet unnamed. And to the above-chronicled achievements is now doubtless to be added that of building, and presenting to the horse-railroad, a 5,000-foot branch, which will make the west part of Ward 5 easily accessible ; and it is likely to lead in time to a Worthington-street railroad from the depot to Oak-Grove Cemetery, for professed judges claim that this route will be more travelled than State Street in the near future, as some say it is so travelled at present.

The McKnight brothers have dealt in real estate in this section for 14 years, building their first house in 1870; but the "boom" has been in operation only since 1879. One result of the covering of this formerly cheap territory with attractive houses set in neat yards, and on pleasant streets, is seen in the increase of 43 per cent from 1879 to *883, inclusive, in the assessors* valuation of all the real estate in Ward 5, an increase of S 1.072,- 000, of which more than half is. west of State Street. The increase for the five years averages about $ioo,coo a year for the district in which the McKnight brothers have worked, or a total increase there of 75 per cent. The figures from the assessors* books for three of the city wards are as follows, showing the total valuation for each year: -

A single tract of four acres, which the McKnights have transformed in this period, has been raised from $2,000 to $36,000 in the assessors' valuation.

A significant fact is, that more than three-quarters of the houses in McKnight-land have been taken by recent comers to the city, partly business men ; and in smaller part, people who live on their incomes, and have been attracted to this city and place by the pleasantness and comparative cheapness of the residences procurable. It is believed that from this latter class much of the future increase in population is to come. The country has a large floating class of these people ; and it is to supply their requirements, and draw them to the city, that the McKnights and their associates propose especially to labor. This opportunity is considered good reason for the neatness and taste they endeavor to use in their work. Their efforts in this line have had a contagious influence in some localities. Particularly do they claim credit for the improvement and contemplated improvement in the Eastern-avenue region since their invasion of it. One man, who has owned much real estate in that neighborhood for decades, is quoted as having looked at the method of prettiness as now being exemplified there, and declared that "he really believed it paid to fix up things."1

1 The above notice of the McKnights is reprinted from The Springfield Republican, and conveys an idea of what permanent good these two workers have done for the city, although their work has been done as private enterprises. - EDITOR.

Agawam National Bank, where the matter was discussed, and its formation shaped on March 18, 1879. The next meeting was holden at the rooms of the Common Council in the City Hall, on April 2 of the same year; was called to order by the Hon. Lewis J. Powers, and the offices of president and secretary filled by the election of the late Charles O. Chapin and Henry M. Phillips respectively. Meetings were afterward held, vice-presidents, executive officers, and treasurer elected, and the good work of promoting the business interests of the city of Springfield commenced by this association. The rooms first engaged for its meetings were in the Massachusetts Mutual Life Company's building; but they have since been twice changed, and now comprise a commodious and well-lighted and pleasantly situated store on Pynchon Street. It leads out of the grand rotunda of the lately remodelled Haynes House. Here can be found all the leading daily and weekly papers, daily stock reports, official stationery for the use of members, and generally in the evening a number of the business men. who gather together for the cultivation of a more cordial acquaintance among themselves, and to discuss topics of general business welfare. Since its organization, the association has materially aided in locating several new industries in our city, and a large number of skilled workmen; many of whom have found homes in that section of Springfield made beautiful by the McKnights. Our enterprising moneyed men, through the agency of the Business Men's Association, are ever ready to help locate, start, and continue business of every nature, having an apology for existence, when brought to their attention; and competent management of such business is insured. The present officers of the association are as follows : president, Hon. H. M. Phillips; vice-presidents, P. P. Kellogg and V. N. Taylor: secretary, C. S. Parkhurst : treasurer, A. T. Folsom ; executive committee. James D. Gill, Noyes W. Fisk, L. S. Stowe, H. W. Southworth, Samuel Bigelow, E. D. Metcalf, and D. H. Brigham. It must be. and is by all competent to judge, conceded, that Springfield offers especial attractions to the business man and manufacturer, as a place to establish himself and live. With a population of over 36,000 people (than which no city of its size can claim a better class), its manufacturers and its merchants prosperous and contented, its taxes low, its condition cleanly, its streets good, its water-supply abundant, its excellent sewerage, its efficient schools, good churches, beautiful drives, its telephones and electric lights, its wellappointed street-railroad, express-companies, telegraph-service, sound banks. live newspapers, and places of amusement, together with its reasonable freight and passenger rates to and from the great markets of the world. Springfield commends itself as a place for residence or business second to no inland city in the world.

King'S Handbook- Of Springfield And To Its Institutions And Citizens

Short-hand reports of sermons preached by Rev. George Moxon, first minister of Springfield; taken by Major John Pynchon. 1637-39. HISS, in City Library.

Warning to the Unclean, in a Discourse from Rev. xxi. 8. Preacht at Springfield Lecture, August 25th, 1698, at the Execution of Sarah Smith. By Mr. John Williams, Pastor of the Church at Deerfield. Boston: Printed by B. Green and T. Allen for Michael Perry, at his Shop over ".gainst the Town House. 1699. 64 pp. i6mo.

God's Help to be Sought in Time of War with a Due Sense of the Vanity of what Help Man can afford: Shewed at Springfield, March 26, 1724. By Daniel Brewer, M.A., Pastor of a Church in said Town. Psal. 124, 8, Our help is in the Name of the Lord, who made Heaven and Earth. Boston in New England: Printed by B. Green, 1724

A Narrative of the Proceedings of those Ministers of the County of Hampshire, &c, that have disapproved of the late Measures taken in order to the Settlement of Mr. Robert Breck, in the Pastoral Office in the first Church in Springfield. With a Defence of their Conduct in that Affair. Written by Themselves. Boston: Printed 111 the year 173''. 93 pp., 1 21110.

An Examination ol and some answer to a Pamphlet intitled, A Narrative and Defence of the Proceedings of the Ministers of Hampshire who disapproved of Mr. Breck's Settlement at Springfield, with a vindication of those Ministers and Churches, that approv'd of, and acted in the Settlement of said Mr. Breck. Prov. xviii. 17: He that is first in his own Cause Seemeth just, but his Neighbour Cometh and searcheth him. Boston Printed by T. Draper, for H. Foster, at his Shop in Cornhil. 1736. 98 pp., 8vo.

The Work of Ministers represented under the Figure of Sowers, in a Sermon preach'd at Springfield, January 26, 1736, at the Ordination of the Reverend Mr. Robert Breck to the Pastoral Office in the First Church there. By William Cooper, M.A. Published at the urgent and repeated Request of the Ministers and People that heard it. Boston: Printed by T. Draper, in Newbury Street, 1736. 26 pp., 121110.

A Letter to the Author of the Pamphlet called an answer to the Hampshire Narrative. Prov. xxx., xxxii.: If thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thyself, if thou hast thought evil, lay thine hand upon thy mouth. Boston: Printed in the year 1737 84 pp., 121110.

The Ungodly Condemned in Judgment. A Sermon Preached at Springfield, December 13th, 1770, on Occasion of the Execution of William Shaw, for Murder. By Moses Baldwin, A.M., Pastor of the Church in Palmer. New- London: Printed and sold by T. Green, 1771. 14 pp , nmo.

The Departure of Elijah lamented A Sermon, Preached at the Funeral of the Rev Stephen Williams, D.D., Pastor of a Church in Springfield, who departed this Life, June 10th, 1782, in the Ninetieth year of his Age. By Robert Breck, A.M., Pastor of the First Church in Springfield. Help, Lord, for the Godly man ceaseth. Springfield: Printed by Babcock & Haswell, 1782. 27 pp., 121110.

Past Dispensations of Providence called to Mind in a Sermon Delivered in the first Parish in Springfield, on the 16th of October, 1775. Just one hundred years from the burning of the Town by the Indians. P.y Robert Breck, A.M., Pastor of the Church there. Hartford: Printed by l Babcock. 1784. 28 pp., i2mo.

A Discoursi Delivered at the Funeral of the Reverend Robert Breck, Pastor of the First Church m Springfield, who departed this I ife \i ril 1784: in the Seventy-first year of his Age and in the Forty-ninth year of his Ministry. By Joseph Lathrop, A.M.. Pastor of a Church in West Springfield. Springfield: Printed by Brooks and Russell, 1784. 23 pp., i2mo.

A Sermon delivered April 27, 17S5, at the Ordination of the Rev. Mr. Bezaleel Howard to the Pastoral Care of the First Church of Christ in Springfield. By Timothy Hilliard, A.M., Pastor of the First Church of Christ in Cambridge. Springfield, Mass. : Printed by Stebbins & Russell, at their office near the Great Ferry. 18 pp., 8vo.

Discourse delivered at Springfield, Oct. 30, 1805, on Occasion of the Completion and Opening of the Great Bridge over Connecticut River, between the Towns of Springfield and West Springfield. By Joseph Lathrop, Springfield, 1806. 16 pp., 8vo.

Sermon preached at the Ordination of the Rev. Samuel Osgood as Pastor of the First Church and Society of Springfield, by Thaddeus M. Harris. Springfield, Mass., 1809.

An Address to the Members of the Bar of the Counties of Hampshire, Franklin, and Hampden, at their Annual Meeting at Northampton, September, 1826, by George Bliss. Springfield: Tannatt & Co., printers, 1827. 85 pp., 8vo, with appendix.

An Address delivered at the Opening of the Town Hall in Springfield. March 24, 1828, containing Sketches of the Early History of that Town and those in its Vicinity. With an appendix. ByGeorge Bliss. Published at the request of the Town. Springfield: Tannatt & Co., 1828. 68 pp., i2mo.

Address delivered at the Consecration of the Springfield Cemetery, Sept. 5, 1841, by William B. O. Peabody. Springfield: printed by Wood & Rupp, 1841. 16 pp., 8vo.

Statement of Facts in Connection with the Petition of Charles Stearns and Others for an Act of Incorporation as an Aqueduct Company. Springfield, 1848. 36 pp., Svo.

The Ministers of Christ: A Sermon delivered in Christ Church, Springfield, Mass., May 17, 1848, when the Bishop of Massachusetts admitted the Rev. Henry W. Adams, M.A., the Rector 01' the Church, to the Holy Order of Priests. By the Rev. Titus Strong, D.D., Rector of St. James's Church, Greenfield, Mass. Published by request. Springfield: from the office of Horace S. Taylor, opposite Court Square, Main Street, 1848. 32 pp., 8vo.

A Sermon delivered in the First Church in Springfield, Mass., Sabbath Afternoon, Jan. 25, A.D. 1849, by Samuel Osgood, D.D., Pastor of the Church, on the Termination of the Fortieth Year of his Ministry. Springfield: George W. Wilson, printer, corner Main and State Streets, 1849. 33 pp., 8vo.

Sermons by the Late William B. O. Peabody, D.D., with a Memoir by his Brother. Boston: Benjamin H. Greene, 124 Washington Street, 1849. 393 PP-> i2mo.

The Literary Remains of the Late William B. O. Peabody, D.D. Edited by Everett Peabody. Boston: published by Benjamin H. Greene, 124 Washington Street, 1850. 447 pp., i2mo, with portrait.

A Chart and Description of the Railroad from Boston 10 New York, via Worcester, Springfield, Hartford, and New Haven, in which are noted the Towns, Villages, Stations, Bridges, Viaducts, etc., with Numerous Illustrations, constituting a Novel and Complete Companion for the Railway Carriage. By the author of A Chart of the Western Railroad. Boston: published by Bradbury & Guild, 120 Washington Street, 1850. 84 pp., i2mo.

Report of the Case of Charles Stearns against J. W. Ripley, in the Circuit Court of the United States, at Boston, November Term, 1850, for Malicious Prosecution, his Honor Judge Sprague presiding. Springfield: G. W. Wilson, printer, corner of Main and State Streets, 1851. 76 pp., 8vo. Appendix, 14 pp. Map as frontispiece.

Public Spirit and Mobs. Two Sermons delivered at Springfield, Mass., Feb. 23, 1851, after the Thompson Riot. By George F. Simmons, Pastor of the Third Congregational Society. Springfield: Merriam, Chapin & Co. Boston: William Crosby and H. P. Nichols. 1851. 31 pp., i2mo.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in the Year One Thousand Eight Hundred and Fifty-two. An Act to establish the City of Springfield. Springfield: H. S. Taylor, power-presses. 1852. 21pp., 8vo.

of Superintendence', Civil and Military, particularly with reference to Economy and General Management of the Springfield Armory. Springfield, Mass., November, 1852. Springfield: G.W.Wilson's steam-power presses. 1852. 78 pp., 8vo.

An Historical Sermon, preached by Samuel Osgood, D.D., on retiring from the Active Pastorate of the First Church in Springfield. May, 1854. JI/SS in City Library.

History of Western Massachusetts, the Counties of Hampden, Hampshire, Franklin, and Berkshire, embracing an Outline of General History of the Section, an Account of its Scientific Aspects and Leading Interests, and Separate Histories of its One Hundred Towns. By Josiah Gilbert Holland. In two volumes and three parts. Springfield: published by Samuel Bowles & Co., 1855. 520 and 619 pp., i2mo, with map.

Proceedings on Occasion of the Hundredth Anniversary of the Ordination of the Rev. Joseph Lathrop, at West Springfield, Mass. By W. B. Sprague Springfield, 1856. 102 pp., 8vo.

Exercises at the Dedication of the New City Hall, Springfield, Mass., Jan. 1, 1856, including the Address by Dr. J. G. Holland, with a Full Description of the Building. Published by order of the City Council. Springfield: Samuel Bowles & Co., printers, 1856.

Historical Memoir of the Springfield Cemetery, read to the Proprietors at their Meeting, May 23, 1857. by George Bliss, their President, accompanied by an Address delivered at the Consecration of the Cemetery, Sept. 5, 1841, by Rev \V. B O. Peabody. Springfield, Mass : Samuel Bowles & Co., printers. 1857. 23 pp., 8vo.

Address at the Dedication .of a Monument to the Rev. W. B O. Peabody, by George Walker, with a hymn for the occasion by J. G. Holland Springfield, 1S61. 23 pp.. 8vo.

The Chapin Gathering. Proceedings at the Meeting of the Chapin Family 111 Springfield, Mass., Sept. 17, 1862. Springfield: printed by Samuel Bowles & Co., 1862. 97 pp , 8vo.

A Discourse delivered on Friday, Dec. 12, 1862, at the Funeral of the Rev. Samuel Osgood, D.D., Late Senior Pastor of the First Congregational Church in Springfield, by William B, Sprague, D D , Minister of the Second Pi gregation in Albany Albany: Cli.nl - Van Bi nthuyscn, printer, 1863 42 pp . 8vo

Anniversary Sermon delivered in Christ Church, Nov. 29, 1863, by Rev. George H. McKnight, Rector. Published by request. Springfield: Samuel Bowles & Co., printers, 1864. 24 pp., 8vo.

The Nation weeping for its Dead. Observances at Springfield, Mass., on President Lincoln's Funeral Day, Wednesday, April 19, 1865, including Dr. Holland's Eulogy. From the " Springfield Republican's" Report, Springfield, Mass. Samuel Bowles & Co.: L. J. Powers, 1865. 32 pp., 8vo.

The Springfield Horse Shows. Details and Proceedings of the Exhibition of 1867, with a History of the Origin and Progress of the Celebrated Springfield Horse Shows, as shown by Former Exhibitions in 1853, 1857, 1858, and i860. Springfield, Mass.: Samuel Bowles & Co., publishers, 1867. 28 pp., 8vo.

A Sketch of the History of the First Half Century of the Third Congregational Society of Springfield, Mass. Address at the Dedication of the Church of the Unity. Sermon upon the Character and Ministry of Rev. William B. O. Peabody, D.D., with an Appendix. Springfield, Mass.: Samuel Bowles & Co., printers, 1869. 50 pp., 8vo.

Description and Rules for the Management of the Springfield Breech-Loading Rifle-Musket Model, 1868, National Armory. Springfield, Mass., 1869. jg pp., 8vo, illustrated.

Address at the Funeral Services of Thomas W. Wason, in St. Paul's Church, Aug. 27, 1870, by Rev. H. R. Nye, Pastor of the Church. Printed by request of the family. Springfield, Mass.: Samuel Bowles & Co , printers, 1871. ispp , 8vo with portrait.

The City Library Building: a Descriptive and Historical Sketch published in connection with the Annual Report of the City-Library Association, May 6, 1872. Springfield, Mass. : Samuel Bowles & Co., 1872.

An Address delivered 111 the New Court House in Springfield, Hampden County, Mass.. at the Dedication of the same, April 28, 1874; containing Sketches of the Early History of the Old County of Hampshire and the County of Hampden, and of the Members of the Bar in those Counties, with an Appendix. By William G. Bales. Published at the request of the members of the bar by the county commissioners. Springfield, Mass. Clark W. Bryan & Co., printers, 1874. 96 pp., 8vo illustrated.

West Springfield Centennial 1774-1874. With portraits and illustrations An account of the Centennial Celebration of the Town of West Springfield, Mass., Wednesday. March 25. 1874, with the Historical Address of Thomas E. Vermilye, D.D , LL.D. Compiled by J. N. Bagg. Published by vote of the town, 1874. 144 pp., 8vo.

History of the Fust Church in Springfield. An Address delivered June 22, 1875. With an Appendix. By Henry Morris. With Portraits and illustrations. Published by request Springfield, Mass.: Whitney & Adams, 1875. 60 pp., i2mo.

Springfield Memories. Odds and Ends of Anecdote and Early Doings. Gathered from Manuscripts, Pamphlets, and Aged Residents. By Mason A. Green. Springfield, Mass.: Whitney & Adams, 1876. no pp., 8vo, illustrated.

1636-75. Early History of Springfield. An Address delivered Oct. 16, 1875, on the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Burning of the Town by the Indians. By Henry Morris. With an Appendix. Springfield, Mass.: F. W. Morris, publisher, 1876. 85 pp., i2mo.

Historical Memoir of the Springfield Cemetery, read to the Proprietors at their Annual Meeting, May 6, 1878, by Albert D. Briggs, their President, with By-laws adopted June 24, 1878; accompanied by an Address delivered at the Consecration of the Cemetery, Sept. 5, 1841, by W. B. O. Peabody. Springfield, Mass.: Atwood & Xoyes, printers, 1878. 48 pp., 8vo, with map.

History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of some of its Prominent Men and Pioneers. 2 vols, quarto. 1,111 pp. Published by Louis H. Everts, Philadelphia, 1879.

Secretary's Report, in Annual Report of City Library Association, containing a Sketch of the Libraries of Springfield, May 5, 1879. Published by the Association, 1879.

Papers and Proceedings of the Connecticut-Valley Historical Society, 1876-81. Springfield, Mass.: Published by the Society, 1881. 325 pp., 8vo,

An Historical Addres;, delivered on the Two- Hundredth Anniversary of the Settlement of Springfield, May 25, 1836 By Oliver B. Morris Published from the Papers and Proceedings of the Connecticut-Valley Historical Society, by permission Springfield, Mass : Press of Springfield Printing Company, 1881. 30 pp , 8vo.

The City of Springfield, Mass.: its Advantages as a Manufacturing Point, together with a List of the Officers and Members of the Business Men's Association, and other Valuable Information. Issued by the Association, 1882. Springfield, Mass. : Press of Springfield Printing Company, 1882. 32 pp , 8vo, illustrated.

The Fortieth Anniversary of the South Congregational Church of Springfield, Sunday, March 26. 1882 Sermon by Rev. Noah Porter, D.D. , LL.D., first pastor. Historical Discourse by Rev. S. G, Buckingham, D.D., present pastor. Appendix. Springfield, Mass: M. C. Stebbins & Co., 1882. 91 pp., 8vo.

Atlas of Springfield City, Mass. Compiled from recent and actual surveys and records under the direction of the publishers, George H. Walker & Co. Boston, 1882.

Commerce, Manufactures, and Resources of Springfield, Mass., and Environs. A historical, statistical, and descriptive review. National Publishing Company (limited), 1883. 172 pp., 8vo, illustrated.

A Chart and Description of the Boston and Worcester and Western Railroads; in which is noted the Towns, Villages, Stations, Bridges, Viaducts, etc., with Numerous Illustrations, constituting a Novel and Complete Companion for the Railway Carriage. By William Guild. Boston: published by Bradbury & Guild, 12 School Street. 84 pp., 121110.

Index To Text

Evangelist Building, 168. Evangelist Mission, the, 208. Evans, C. F. (Mrs.), 106. Evans House, the, 106. Evening Star Lodge of Perfection, 274. Evening Union, the, 293. Everett, Edward, 71, 101. Every Saturday, 293. Exchange, Tavern, 98.

Hampden-County Agricultural Society, 160, 241. Hampden-County Court-house, 121. Hampden-County Children's Aid Association, 212. Hampden County, creation of, 23. Hampden-County Horticultural Society, 161. Hampden-County Jail and House of Correction,

140. Hampden-County Truant School, 132. Hampden Daily Post, the, 43. Hampden District Medical Society, 159. Hampden Hall, 265, 266, 281. Hampden House, 106. Hampden Fire-insurance Company, 41. Hampden Harvest Club, 161. Hampden Intelligencer, the, 285. Hampden Journal, the, 284, 285, 288. Hampden Patriot, the, 284. Hampden I odge ol I ree Masons, 253, 272, 274.

to white settlers, 10. Indians, relations of Springfield people with, 17. " Infant City," the, 33, 34. Ingersoll, Edward, 210, 238, 367. Ingersoll, John, 304. Ingersoll, James C, 170. Ingersoll's I in >

Inhabitants inclined to abandon town, 17. Institute Hall, 204. Insurance companies, 309-318. Insurance, primitive mode of, 309. International committee on reading-rooms, 153. International Institute, 140. Ireland, George H., 216. Ireland, Oscar B., 159, 170, 314. Iron Works, R. F. Hawkins's, 335. Island, the, 72. Ives, Dwight, 1S2.

Liquid Light Division, Sons of Temperance, 279. Lisser, R. L. de, 165, 168. Literary clubs, 155. Literature and science, I4i-r62. Lithographing establishment of Jacob C. Lutz,

Loring-street American Methodist Church, 219. Lots, assignment of, to new-comers, 62. Lovers fined for violating Puritan law, 72. Lowell, I. B., 306. Lower Water-shops, 34. Ludlow Manufacturing Company, 59. Ludlow reservoir, 229. Ludlow, town of, 14, 36, 5r, 57, 58, 68, 114, 116

Massachusetts, 215, 274. Massachusetts Arms Company, 59. Massachusetts Canal, 81. Massachusetts Gazette, the, 283. Massachusetts General Hospital training-si hool for nurses, 220.

Public-school system in Springfield, 125- Public Halls, 281. Putnam, Benjamin, 180, 182. Putnam, Ely, 68. l'ynchon Bank, 42. Pynchon, Charle-. ig

Christian Association, 155. Rebellion, Southern, causes great excitement, 24. Receipts on early railroads, trouble in dividing, 82. Recruiting-post during Revolutionary War, 20. Redfield, John R., 314. Reed, A. C, 217. Reed, David Allen, 200, 220. Reed, E. A., 177. Reed, George K., 159. Religious organizations, 173-210. Religious weeklies, 294. Restaurants, 108.

Springfield and New London Railroad, gr. Springfield and North-eastern Railroad, 47. Springfield Aqueduct Company, 116. Springfield Arsenal, tower of, 51. Springfield Art Association, 167, 210. Springfield as a city, 33-50.

Springfield, Athol, and North-eastern Railroad, 84. Springfield Bank, 296. Springfield Board of Underwriters, 318. Springfield Botanical Society, 158. Springfield Business College, 138. Springfield Bicycle Club, 271. Springfield Cadets of the Cathedral, 278. Springfield Caledonian Club, 270. Springfield Canoe-club, 270. Springfield Cemetery, 24, 66, 224, 241. Springfield Clearing-house, 306. Springfield Club, 268, 321. Springfield Collegiate Institute, 136. Springfield Commandery Knights Templars, 274.

United-States Armory, 68, 69, 233: established by Act of Congress, 245 ; character of early workmen in, 245; world-wide reputation of, 245; arsenals, 245; probable attempt to destroy, 248; variety and quality of small arms, 250, 252;

Index To Illustrations

Alexander. Henry, jun., portrait of, 36-A. American Hov:- Amencan National Bank, 299. Ames, David, portrait Ames. John, portrait Arsenal building and gateway. 245. Arsenal, forging, boring, rolling, and annealing department. 24J. Arsenal, machine, milling, and polishing shops, 257. Arsenal, room in the main, 247. Arsenal, the commandant's quarters, 261. Arsenal, welding and rolling gun-barrels, 251.

Holland, Josiah Gilbert, former home of, 235; portrait c Holland monument, Dr.. 22a. Home for Friendless Wome: Hooker school Hope Congregational Church, 201.

Index To Illustrations

Smith, William L., portrait of, 42. Smith & Murray's " Boston Store," 353. Smith & Wesson Manufactory, opp. p. 322. South Congregational Church, 189. Spooner, Samuel B., portrait of, 43. Springfield Almshouse and City Farm, 221. Springfield Art-association rooms, 169. Springfield, bird's-eye view of, frontispiece. Springfield Cemetery, 227. Springfield-Cemetery entrance, 224. Springfield Club House, 268. Springfield City Hall in 1883, 15. Springfield Institution for Savings, 304. Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Company's

Taylor & Tapley Manufacturing Company, building of, opp, p. 332. Third Meeting-house, 176. Trask, Eliphalet, portrait of, 36. Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, 191. Tyler, Philos B., portrait of, 35.

Wason Car Manufacturing Company, opp. p. 320. Wason, Thomas W., portrait of. opp. p. 318. Wesson, Daniel B., opp. p. 240. Wright, Emerson, portrait of, 45. Winchester, Charles A., portrait of, 42. Women's Christian Association, 207. Worthington-street grammar school, 131.