Taunton City (part 12 of 13)

Prof. Dickinson has written a bulletin "Facts on Lawn Management", which is Extension Leaflet No. 85. It may be obtained free from the Bristol County Extension Service, Segreganset, Mass., or from the State College at Amherst.

Wins Camp Honors

Howard H. Jennings of Easton, the State Garden winner this year, and delegate from Bristol County to Camp Gilbert, Amherst, won the Camp "Spirit" honor for the boys, and will go again next year with Eleanor Coggeshall of Brewster, Barnstable County, who won the same honor for the girls. Both these young people will carry the spirit from the 1931 Camp Gilbert to the 1932 Camp Gilbert. Incidentally, it might be said that Howard enters Massachusetts State College this fall for the two-year course at Stockbridge School of Agriculture.

Junior Club Activities

A letter is being sent out to certain Poultry Club members in the county who have been punctual with their poultry records during the past year, and to the first ten replying, a free two-day trip will be given to the Eastern States Exposition, Sept. 22 and 23. The only string attached to this proposition is that each one going will be obliged to exhibit at least one bird and pay the expressage each way on it. For a single bird the express both ways is around $1.00. This is absolutely all the expense that you will have unless, of course, you choose to spend something while at the Exposition.

Almost every spring and early summer many complaints come in, in regard to diarrhea, sour crop, pendulous crop and indigestion among hens, and this year has been no exception. In the first place, at the seasons mentioned, the birds have been through a terrific strain due to high egg production and many of them have their vitality somewhat lowered. Secondly, many of the flocks are running outside and have an opportunity to partake very liberally, as hens are prone to do, of filthy water, and to pick up refuse of one kind or another that might bring on indigestion.

Suggestions for overcoming these troubles must be quite general in nature. Increased sanitary precautions, placing a teaspoonful of baking soda in each quart of drinking water for sour crop when detected, and a dose of epsom salts for diarrhea and general indigestion - usually three-fourths of a pound to a pound for each one hundsed hens, or a level teaspoonful, for individual treatment, is the usual dosage.

For several years, particularly in the spring, it has been general to hear complaints concerning off-flavor or socalled "fishy" eggs. Both the external and internal appearances of the eggs are perfectly normal, yet the odor forbids Its use as food. This trouble has caused many poultrymen to lose nearly half of a well established retail egg route. The manager of a large eastern co-operative has remarked that their experience vnth the trouble has been confined to browti eggs.

The cause is usually attributed to the teed, and many a commercial feed man has had his product condemned. The cause, however, is not due to the feed but to a few individual hens. Just enough eggs are laid by these hens to be well distributed to the different customers. A person has to get only one ot them, and imagination does the rest.

Last summer the owner of a small trapnested flock discovered that his birds were laying some fishy eggs. Noting that the shells of the offensive

Special Apple Market Reports

The Division of Markets of the Massachusetts Department of Agriculture has announced that they will continue the special apple market reports this year. These will be published twice a week during the marketing season. Anyone interested may obtain these reports by requesting same from W. R. Cole, Amherst, Mass., and paying postage for mailing, which will be one dollar for the season.

Better Dressed Chickens

More than 140 poultrymen in Bristol County attended the three chicken picking demonstrations conducted by Professor Monahan. These demonstrations were held at the Globus Poultry Farm, North Rehoboth; Peckham Poultry Farm, New Bedford, and the Bristol County Agricultural School at Segreganset.

There are three methods of picking chickens - dry picking, semi-scald and full scald. The dry pick makes the best looking carcass and one which will keep a long time, but requires considerable skill to do quickly. Scalding with hot water enables the picker to rub the feathers off quickly, but gives the skin a mottled appearance which soon discolors and is unattractive.

The semi-scald method of picking makes a finish almost as attractive as the dry picking. The bird stays in good shape for several days and any poultryman with proper equipment can learn to pick this method nearly as quickly as by dry picking.

Semi-scald picking of broilers requires water at 126° F. with immersion of the chicken, after it is bled, for 30 seconds. With foWl the water temperature should be 129° F. Water at this temperature does not loosen the feathers so that they can be wiped off as when scalded, but it does permit them to be

(Continued from Page 1, Column 3) eggs were identical in size and shape, it was a matter of only a few days before he traced it to his No. 851 hen. This bird continually laid these offflavored eggs. They were normal during the fall and winter, but some internal change took place during the spring. This No. 851 was sold for meat. Later in the fall it was discovered that No. 1208, a pullet, laid these eggs from the beginning. This bird continued to lay these off-flavor eggs until finally she was killed and autopsied. During the fall and winter a great many of her eggs were examined bacteriologically, but proved to be practically sterile. Thus, the idea of possible bacterial invasion was disproved. The odor seemed to be confined to the yolk of the egg, and no trace of this odor was found in the oviduct when the bird was autopsied.

The exact cause is difficult to determine, yet the data at hand seem to prove that it is a matter concerned with a selective physiological process of a few' birds in a flock. At present it looks impossible to consider administering anything to a flock that will change this condition of a few individuals. Detecting the offending birds is the remedy.

pulled quite as easily as in dry picking and does not discolor the skin. Furthermore, semi-scald removed pin feathers quite effectively, which is not true of dry picking.

Every Friday at 4.50 P. M., questions from the public on Health and Prevention of Disease, and the Depai-tment's answers to them will be broadcast.

Beginning September 14, each Monday from 12.35 to 12.45, over Station WBZ, the State Extension Specialists will broadcast. The following is the schedule for September:

Farm And Home Week

At present there are no figures to show exactly how many women attended Farm and Home Week from Bristol County, but we do know that the County was well represented. The programs planned were so fine that it was difficult to choose which lecture to attend, but all agreed that wherever they went their time was well spent.

It is interesting to note how keenly the women are interested in flower gardens. Many took advantage of the opportunity to visit the Clarke Estate at Northampton.

The Homemakers' Dinner, prepared by the homemakers of Hadley, was attended by 112 women. Folk dancing was enjoyed on the larwn after the dinner.

A lecture, "The Human Side of the Byrd Expedition", by Charles E. Lofgren. Personnel Officer of the Byrd Expedition to the South Pole, proved very popular and extremely interesting. This lecture was followed by moving pictures of the Expedition.

The final program, led by Mr. R. P. Bridgman with "Family Life Today and the Children of Tomorrow" was a splendid close for a very happy and interesting week.

Frozen Desserts

Prepared by May E. Foley, Extension Nutritionist There are no desserts more universally liked in the summer time than the frozen ones. Nor are any more wholesome for all members of the family. The mistake is often made, however, of giving children ice cream cones, sodas, and rich sundaes at any time of day. This is not a good practice. It is much better to serve a simple ice cream, sherbet or ice as part of the meal, and not spoil the child's appetite by giving fancy frozen dishes between meals.

Pour hot milk on beaten eggs, add sugar and salt. Return to double boiler and cook until mixture coats on spoon. Cool, flavor and freeze, using one part salt to 8 parts ice if freezer is used.

Scald the milk, stirring constantly. Mix flour, salt and water to smooth paste and add to it very slowly the scalded milk, stirring constantly. When thich cook in double boiler 12 to 15 minutes. Add beaten egg and sugar and cook for tv/o minutes. Strain custard through fine sieve and when cold add the cream, lemon flavoring and the bananas which have been peeled, scraped and put through a sieve. Freeze.

Soak apricots overnight and stew them until tender. Put them through a sieve and add sugar while appricots are hot, stirring until sugar is dissolved. When cold add cream, then milk, stirring constantly. Freeze.

Dissolve sugar in milk, put in freezer can, partially pack with 8 parts ice to one part salt. When chilled, add lemon juice, finish packing and freeze.

Cut small 2 pounds rhubarb. Put in baking dish with 1 cup water, 2 cups sugar. Bake in slow oven until rhubarb is tender, and then strain. Thei-e should be one quart. Freeze as ice. Maple Mousse

Cook beaten egg yolks and syrup until thick, stirring constantly. Set aside to cool. Whip the cream, beat egg whites until stiff. Whip the syrup mixture until light and mix all together. Pack in ice and salt and let stand four hours.

This year the peach crop is the largest in the history of the c'untry and right now, while the fruit is in surplus, is should be utilized to the fullest extent by homemakers, says the Bureau of Home Economics, U. S. Department of Agriculture. In the city markets the prices are attractive enough to warrant a liberal use of peache=! in the daily diet. For those who have access to orchards peaches can be bought so cheaply by the bushel that it is a real inducement to do some canning and preserving.

"Problems are solved only by those who have no fixed Walls, who have elasticity of temper, open minds, and feelings that have not hardened." - President Butler, Columbia University.

Self-preservation is not always the first law of Nature. If it were every person would be vaccinated against smallpox, have a health examination on his birthday and stop trying to beat the red light on the corner. - Hygeia.

Seven physical causes for instability in children are listed by Ruth 0. Mc- Carn in Junior Home. They are malnutrition, irregular feeding, iodine deficiency, lack of lime owing to insufficient quantities of milk, constipation, any childhood disease and poor inheritance such as congenital syphilis.

Other causes listed are inconsistent or erratic discipline, emotional tension in the home, over-stimulation from movies or reading, too many activities, constant noise, fears, failure or r ^or adjustment at school and the lac': of child companions.

When instability or emotioral maladjustment is noted in a child, the parents should do the follo\ving things, says Mrs. McCarn: Take the child to a physician for an examination; reduce his living to a healthful routine ; be sure that he gets plenty of milk and enough sleep ; provide more time for rest on the days when he seems worse; let him play outdoors as much as possible; administer firm and consistent discipline. - Hygeia.

Older Club Members

The first social and business meeting of the 4-H Older Club Members' Association will be held in the Grove at the Bristol County Agricultural School, Segreganset, Saturday evening, August 29, at 7.45 P. M. All club members 18 years old or over are invited to attend this meeting.

Come prepared to roast frankfurts and meet old friends. Mr. Farley, the State Club Leader, will be present. Come and have the best time you have ever had.

Brockton Fair Contests

Contests for the girls in cake and muffin making, sewing machine, canning and home economics will be held at Camp Field, Brockton Fair, while for the boys there will be garden, poultry, dairy and fruit contests.

Club Members At Camp Gilbert

For the first time (this year) a trainjing school for Junior Club leaders was held the week previous to the opening of Camp Gilbert. Ida Davis of Taunton and Raymond Harrington of North Dartmouth attended this school, which was a very successful one.

The delegates from this county included Mary Faber, Dartmouth, Clothing; Emma Stokinger, Easton, Flower Garden; Natalie Ogosalek, Taunton, Food; Howard Jennings, Easton, State Garden; Lawrence White, Freetown, Garden; Everett Smith, Dighton, Handicraft; and Lester Ralph, North Attleboro. Poultry.

Mrs. Kate Tallman attended the local leaders' conferences which were held at the same time as the Camp. The County Club Agent, E. R. Wyeth, was also in attendance at the Camp, making 11 representatives from this county.

The members and leaders from this county, and from all counties, attending the Camp received a great inspiration from meeting with each other, and they will, no doubt, go back to their respective counties and communities and work even more than before to spread the "good gospel" of 4-H Club Work.

Garden Notes

All specimens must be uniform type and of the same general shape. Important with root crops. Must have right type for variety, brings out variety characteristics.

All specimens must be uniform market size for variety (not too large or small). Too small means waste, and too large means coarseness or woodiness.

Uniformity in size, shape, color, and maturity are very important. Ideal reached when we can't tell one specimen from another on a display. Shouldn't be over-ripe or under-ripe.

4. Freedom from Blemishes: Freedom from insect, disease, or mechanical injury important Bruises or any type of injury to skin or core should not be present. Generally disqualify badly diseased exhibits. Disqualification depends on extent of injury.

judging; some types harder than others; don't peel leaves down too close; leave one or tw'o leaves on to prevent bruises. Color varies with variety. Firmness important.

6. Corn - Edible stage; tips well filled except Bantam; straight rows, butts well filled, rows close together, kernels even, ears all uniform color.

important. Better a little underripe than over-ripe; select long straight beans. All specimens must be same length and same color. Stringiness is discounted. The judge breaks them.

thumb nail into the skin ; harder the skin the more mature and better the squash. 17. Tomatoes - Should be firm (not extremely important). Must be uniform color don't mix pink and red varieties. Must be free from blemishes and cracking on end stem. Stems off.

Show

On the dairy program Dr. G. E. Corwin of the State Division of Animal Industry will discuss the subject, "Diseases of Cattle Transmissable to Man Through Milk". The plan throughout all the program this year is to have 40 nainute discussions of each subject by some authority on the subject and 20 minutes will be given over to discussion by two local farmers.

Prof. C. J. Fawcett, State Dairy Specialist, will discuss "Where's the Profit in Dairying?" Prof. R. W. Donaldson, State Agronomy Specialist, will discuss "Soil Needs and the Use of High Power Fertilizers". Prof. F. H. Branch, State Farm Management Specialist, will have for his subject, "Costs and .Returns for Growing Cash Crops".

On the fruit program there vdll be three speakers from outside the county. Dr. J. C. Shaw of the State Eixperiment Station, Prof. F. C. Sears, head of the Pomology Department at the State College, and Mr. Clifton W. Nelson, one of the leading fruit growers of Plymouth County. Their subjects have not yet been announced, but they will be practical subjects which will be of value to our fruit growers.

On the vegetable garden program Dr. O. C. Boyd of the State College will discuss "How to Reduce Losses from Diseases in Growing Vegetable Crops". Prof. Robert E. Young, formerly of Ohio and now located at the Market Garden Field Station at Waltham, will discuss "What You Should Know About Your Soil". Prof. F. H. Branch has some very interesting figures on the (Continued on Page 2, Column 1)

Junior Department At Young Farmers' Show

By the time this copy of the Bulletin reaches you the Bristol County Young Farmers' Show will not be far off. The following suggestions to junior exhibitors and those taking part in the junior contests would not be amiss.

The dates of the show are Thursday and Friday, October 8 and 9. The entry blanks should be in to the Secretary, 'Miss Florence M. Cordner, by October 7 for everything except poultry and rabbits, and the entries for those should be in by October 3rd. Be sure to let the Club Agent know well in advance of the Show date if you wish to have him arrange to get in your exhibit. Don't let your inability to get them here prevent you from exhibiting.

The Committee on Junior Exhibits is as follows: Herbert M. Ashley, Berkley, Chairman; Mrs. Herbert M. Ashley, Berkley, Secretary of Junior Department; Aldo Fasolo, Taunton; Natalie Ogosalek, Taunton; Adrian Vincent, Rehoboth; and the iClub Agent, E. R. Wyeth, Segreganset. Get in touch with any of these folks in regard to exhibiting or judging at the Young Farmers' Show.

All judging contests will be held on Friday, October 9, at 4.00 P. M. There will be Clothing, Canning, Poultry and Vegetable Judging Contests. In the Clothing judging there will be aprons, darns and hemmed patches; in the Canning, jellies, canned fruits and canned vgetables; in the Vegetable judging there will be four classes of the common varieties and in the Poultry there will probably be Reds, Rocks and Leghorns.

The Sectional Ball Jar Contest will be held at the Bristol County Young Farmers' Show on October 8 and 9, instead of at Brockton Fair. Please send your entries for the Ball Jar Contest to the Secretary of the 4-H Department, Mrs. Clara M. Ashley, R. F. D. No. 1, Taunton, Mass.

State-Wide Rat Banquet

The county-wide anti-rat campaigns which were conducted in the State last year were so successful that it has been decided to put on a State-wide campaign on Friday, October 30, the day before Hallowe'en.

The campaign will be conducted by E. M. Mills, Rodent Control Specialist for the NeW England States. The rats will be served a farewell banquet consisting of three courses, fish, meat and cereal. These courses will be spiced with red squill. Red squill is the newest and safest rat destroyer known to modern science. It kills rats and mice, but, so far as is known, is not fatal to human beings, dogs, cats or poultry. However, it may make them quite sick, and Mr. Mills warns that it should be kept out of reach of domestic animals and children.

The baits this year are being put up in cans by the Bureau of Biological Survey of the United States Department of Agriculture and will be distributed by the County Agricultural Agents.

As a result of purchasing and mixing the supplies of bait in large quantities, three cans of the bait can be supplied for 50 cents. Three cans will make 100 baits or enough to bait an average farm. Homemade baits would cost at least twice this amount, would be less effective, and would be troublesome to make. Baits will be available at the various towns of Bristol County on October 30th for those who send in an order in advance.

Circular letters will be sent to our regular mailing list with an order card. These cards must be returned to the County Agricultural Agent, Segreganset, Mass., by Friday, October 23rd.

It is hoped that everyone Will cooperate in this campaign. Rats are highly migi'atory and move from farm to farm. Work with your neighbor and give this information to those who might be interested. Be sure to get one of these order cards and tell your neighbors about that State-wide campaign.

(Continued from Page 1, Column 1) cost of growing vegetable crops and will discuss "Costs and Returns in Growing Vegetable Crops". Mr. C. A. Hayes, who is Director of the New England Division of the Atlantic Commission, an organization which does all the purchasing for the A. & P. Stores, will discuss "Recent Developments in Chain Store Marketing of Locally Grown Vegetables."

The speakers on the poultry program include Prof. J. C. Graham, head of the Poultry Department at the Massachusetts State College. Dr. G. L. Dunlap of the State Experiment Station and Prof. F. H. Branch, Farm OManagement Specialist.

Dr. Dunlap will take for his subject, "Gleanings From Our Diagnostic Service." Prof. Branch w'ill discuss "Factors Affecting Profits as Told by Actual Records".

The Young Farmers' Association are expecting the best show that we have ever held. If requests for premium lists are any indication we are going to have considerable increase in exhibits. The exhibits will be open to the public from 3.30 P. M. until 11.00 P. M. There will also be the usual outside game booths.

There will be musical programs both evenings. On Thursday evening we will have Pietro Mordelia and his two daughters, three musical merry-makers from the White Entertainment Bureau of Boston. The program will consist of readings, classical songs, musical selections on the piano-accordian, saxophone, musical saw, flexophone and guitar.

Grain On Hay-Buying Farms

Throughout the winter of 1930-1931, several dairymen, who would ordinarily have bought big quantities of hay to feed, have fed small quantities of hay and have bought a bigger proportion of food nutrients in grain. They did this on the theory that under prevailing price conditions, with hay high and grain low, they would be buying food for their cattle cheaper.

Practically all of the men who tried the new feeding system like it. Their cows keep in as good, or in some cases, better condition. The men thought that they were getting better production and getting it more economically.

A study of cow' test association records, made possible by the co-operation of the herd owners, now tells what did hippen. From herd books of 11 different herds the records of all the individual animals that had two complete years' records were used.

Group 1, composed of 89 cows in 9 herds, was changed in 1930-31 to this new method of feeding. The records for the group show the following averages per cow through the two years, 1929-1930 and 1930-31.

Changes In Amounts Of

A study of the individual cows in the two ^'oups finds each group divided in the following proportions into classes of cows that made more milk and more profit, less milk and less profit, and less milk but more profit.

Mrs. Carolyn S. Dewing, representative of the Henry Bosch Wall Paper Company needs little introduction in Bristol County. She is a well known interior decorator, and is always enthusiastically received when she speaks. Her many friends vidll be glad to know that she is to be on the Homemakers' Program of the Young Farmers' Show on Thursday, October 8. Her subject w'ill be "Good Backgrounds in Home Decoration".

Many of us do not realize the wide range of activities of our State Department of Public Health. We have been very fortunate in securing for our speaker on Friday afternoon, October 9, Dr. Luise M. Diez, Director of the Division of Child Welfare, who will tell us some interesting things about the activities and services of that department.

None of our county-wide meetings are really successful without the presence of our State Home Demonstration Leader, Mrs. Annette T. Herr. Mrs. Herr always has a message of real interest for our homemakers.

Miss Mary Pozzi, State Recreation Specialist, has something different to offer our women in the way of entertainment for the organizations they belong to.

Food necessarily plays an important part in our daily life. A demonstration by Mrs. Ruth Hathaway Smith of the Birdseye Frosted Foods will prove interesting. This was a popular feature of the Farm and Home Week program at Amherst last July.

Young Farmers' Show

Premium lists for the Young Farmers' Show have been distributed to those who have expressed an interest in exhibiting at the Fair. Last year was the first year that cash awards were offered in the Home Department, and there may

The awards for jellies, and canned fruits, vegetables and meats are quite liberal. If you w'ould like an entry blank address Miss Florence Cordner, Bristol County Agricultural School, Segreganset, Mass.

Home Furnishings

Beginning in September the Home Furnishings project will be carried on in Bristol County under the leadership of Mrs. Harriet J. Haynes, State Home Management Specialist. The project will consist of four meetings and will include the subjects that are of special interest to those who enroll. These include curtain making, slip covers, chair sets, couch covers, pillows, table runners, rug making, lampshades and any other particular interest wanted.

We have already heard of several who are not on our mailing list who are interested in this project. The enrolment will be limited only by the numbers that we are able to take care of, so if you did not receive a card wiite or telephone to Miss Blanche W. Eames, Home Demonstration Agent, Segreganset, Mass., or get in touch with one of the women in the following list.

Why, oh why, do we sometimes forget to sign our names when we send return cards? One or two of the Home Furnishing cards which have come into the office have no name on them. Didone of them come from you?

Home Bureau Officers Elected

"The dental journals of the day carry articles calling attention to the neWer knowledge of nutrition. The special care of the teeth during pregnancy is nowlooked upon as essential, not only for the sake of the prospective mother, but also for the developing fetus. What a splendid thing it will be for humanity if children can be given the wonderful asset of fully developed jaws and soundly constructed teeth." Dr Fairchild.

A good school lunch contains milk, at least one dark sand%vich, not more than one sweet sandwich, fruit or vegetable, and a sintple dessert such as stuffed prunes, simple cake or cookies, or 2 or 3 pieces of good candy.

In Ohio

A County Garden exhibit made up of varieties of vegetables obtained from the gardens of Edward Roman, Berkley; Frank Lewis, Taunton; James Brodie, Harold Ames and John Mann of East Taunton, and Irving Wyeth of Dighton, tied for fourth place with Milwaukee County of Wisconsin in the 4-H Garden Club Contest given under the auspices of the Vegetable Growers' Association of America at Cincinnati, Ohio, recently.

Individual prize ribbons were won as follows: Frank Lewis, first on celery, fifth on onions; James Brodie, second on tomatoes, third on peppers; Edward Roman, fourth on cucumbers, fourth on carrots; Harold Ames and John Mann, fourth on beets, and Irving Wyeth, fourth on potatoes. Frank Lewds and James Brodie each won a weed cutter besides ribbons and cash.

This competition was open to all garden clubs in the country, and to place fourth in a National contest shows that the boys in this county know how to grow and select vegetables as well as they do in other parts of the country.

Canning Notes

Fall is here and it brings thoughts of winter. Have you your canning all done and placed on the shelves? Last summer you were told to save your best jars to exhibit at the Young Farmers' Show. You better look them over and get them ready as the Show will soon be here.

The time has come to check up on all that you have done. The iinal reports are due at the county office not later than October 15. Will you please see that your report is in and remind your fellow club members about theirs?

You girls who have been in the Room Improvement Contest this summer have been very busy with paint brush and paint. Now you can draw a breath and see just what you have accomplished. Remember the contest closes October first, so put the finishing touches on before this date. A tour of the best rooms will be conducted soon. The date will be announced in the next Bulletin. Watch for it.

After October first the winter clubs begin. Which club are you going to belong to this year?. If you have not belonged to a 4-H Club before, but would like to know about it, vn-ite to the Club Agent at Segreganset.

Club Meets

the Bristol County Agricultural School on Saturday evening, August 29. Thirtyfive were present including State Club Leader George L. Farley and County Leaders Miss Dorothy M. Stewart and Edwin R. Wyeth.

A committee on constitution and bylaws, consisting of Howard Jennings, Easton; Mrs. Clara M. Ashley, Berkley, and William McConville, North Dartmouth, presented same, which after some discussion and changes, w'ere adopted.

Some of the more important Articles in the By-Laws were as follows: The minimum age limit to be 16 years. It was decided to have three regular meetings a year, one in the spring in connection with the 4-H Camp, another in the latter part of the summer and another during the winter. The exact dates of these meetings would be sent out to members a few weeks previous to the meetings.

The President, Howard H. Jennings, appointed the following on the Execuitive Committee: - Herbert M. Ashley, Berkley; Evelyn Morse, Taunton; Anthony Thatcher, Rehoboth, and the officers, including Howard Jennings, Easton, Pi-esident; vice-president, Robert Sharpies, Seekonk, and secretary-treasurer, Mrs. Clara M. Ashley, Berkley.

Aggie News Notes

The Bristol County Agricultural School opened Wednesday, September ninth for the Freshman Class, with 51 present. A group of Bristol County's farmers of the future, preparing to be leaders in agricultural and community enterprises, in fact, high minded citizens of a great agricultural nation.

In the Floricultural Department of the school Mr. Blackledge, '31, will assist Mr. Robinson in the greenhouses. Blackledge gave excellent service in this Department as an undergraduate and we are all glad to have him with us again.

It is hoped that this Department will become a model in this field in the days just ahead. The best carnation stock yet benched at B. C. A. S. may be seen. Mums, calendulas, snapdragons, carnations, and stocks vsdll be the leading fall crops.

There has been a very fine Macintosh Apple crop this year. The advisability has become apparent here at B. C. A. S. of having the trees heavily mulched, because of the great number of apples that have dropped this year. The mulching has saved the fruit from being bruised. Several of the first year boys are helping to pack the fruit.

The evening of October 23rd is the date. Beginning at eight o'clock that evening the Builders of America hold their annual informal reception at the Agricultural School Hall for new members, guests and friends. Parents are especially invited. Grand march and dance follow the reception. An evening too enjoyable to miss!!

You Vfill make more friends in a week by getting yourself genuinely interested in other people than you can by trying to get other people interested in you Wiggam.

Received

Co-operative Extension Work in Agriculture and Hone Economics; Massachusetts Agricultural College, United States Department of AgnsuJture, Massachusetts Board of Education, Bristol County Farm Bureau, ana^ftiStSr'CSilHty Agricultural School, co-operating. I Initials

Organization

The Bristol County Union Agricultural Meetings and Show are held by the Bristol County Extension Service with the co-operation of other agricultural organizations as follows:

Apple Club

Our local fruit growers all realize that the season of 1931 was a difficult season in which to produce clean fruit. The frequent rains during the period when the important sprays were being applied made it almost impossible to keep the fruit properly protected from fungus and insect pests.

The weather, however, doesn't prevent Mr. Lester F. Allen of Fall River from growing clean fruit. Mr. Allen has quite a sizeable orchard with many varieties of fruit. But regardless of insect pests, fungus disease or weather, Mr. Allen is able to produce fruit every year considerably above the 90% clean apple club requirements. It doesn't seem to make any difference which variety is checked they are all equally clean.

The requirements of the Massachusetts Clean Apple Club are that the grower must produce at least 300 bushels of the variety which is checked and that the variety checked must be one of the New England Seven. To be eligible to membership the grower must have at least 90% of his apples free from fungus diseases and insect pests.

When the representatives of the State College checked Mr. Allen's apples he told them that they could check any variety they wished. Last year the check up was made on Mcintosh and the check showed this variety to be more than 96% clean. This year the check up was made on Wealthy which checked over 95% clean.

Yet some people still think that spraying doesn't pay even though a checkup of nearly all unsprayed orchards will show' less than 5% clean fruit.

State-Wide Rat Campaign

The State-wide Anti-Rat Campaign went over with a bang. Nearly twice as many baits were ordered in Bristol County as were used last year. So far we have not received any unfavorable reports, but we have received a great many favorable comments.

Everyone realizes that rats are a serious menace and it seems as though it should be well worth while to put on a one-day campaign each year to help rid ourselves of this peat.

Dollars Worth Of Farm Products

Although Bristol ranks eighth in area among the eleven agricultural counties of Massachusetts she ranks a close third in the value of her animal products, seventh in the value of crops, third in the combined value of animal and crop products produced and third in value of farm land and buildings.

Some of the products in which Bristol County stands first among the counties are in total value of poultry raised, totalling $1,500,000; value of turkeys raised the annual value being $86,000; value of ducks, $296,000.

Federal Farm Loans

Farmers of Bristol County have borrowed more than one million dollars from the Federal Land Bank of Springfield. It is quite a tribute to the farmers of this county to add that the Federal Land Bank has not suffered the loss of a single cent on any loan it has made in Bristol County. This fact would indicate that agriculture in this section is in a relatively healthy condition as the Federal Land Banks have suffered severe losses in other sections of the country.

We still have a number of inquiries from our local farmers as to how the Federal Land Bank operates. A few farmers still have the idea that the money for these loans comes from the Federal government. It is perhaps natural to imply this from the name.

The Federal Land Bank of Springfield is one of the twelve Federal Land Banks organized under the provisions of the Federal Farm Loan Act. The bank is under the supervision of the Federal Farm Loan Board, a Bureau of the United States Treasury.

The banks are a co-operative organization. The ownership of the bank is vested in the National Farm Loan Associations. Every borrower is a member of a local farm loan association and each borrower has stock in the association to the extent of 5% of the amount of his loan. For each one thousand dollars borrowed $50.00 or 5% is deducted from the loan when closed to pay for the borrower's stock in the association.

Money is loaned only on first mortgage security on real estate and only to worthy, experienced farmers. On most farms a borrower can secure a maximum loan of about one half the value of the farm real estate. Where there is a large investment in buildings and a relatively small acreage of land, a farmer may not obtain one half the actual value.

1st. - Federal Farm Loans are noncallable as long as the borrower meets his requirements. Most other loans can be called in at the time of any interest payment. Federal Farm Loans may run from five to thirty-six years at the borrower's option.

2nd. - The borrower pays back the principal of his loan in small regular semi-annual payments. On the 33 year plan his semi-annual payment on the principal of his mortgage amounts to only 1%% of the loan or $15.00 for each one thousand dollars borrowed.

4th. - All net profits of the bank, except the legal reserves required by law, eventually are returned to borrowers in the form of dividends.

There are some disadvantages of any loaning system and possibly there are some with the Federal Land Bank System. The possible disadvantages we have found are: -

However, it would seem that the possible disadvantages are offset by the advantages of the long time, easy payments and low interest rate on Federal Farm Loans.

In Bristol County there are three National Farm Loan Associations, all three of which are chartered to gi-ant loans anwhere in Bristol County. The secretaries of these three associations are listed below and will be glad to furnish any additional information.

Club Radio Broadcasts

The first Saturday in each month from 12.30 to 1.30 P. M., there is a 4-H Program broadcasted from Washington, through station WBZA, Boston, and WBZ, Springfield.

Formed

The subject of Home Furnishings evidently is particularly interesting to women of Bristol County. Two leader schools are being taught by Miss Grace B. Gerard, recently appointed specialist in Home Furnishings at the Massachusetts State College, and one leader school is being taught by the Home Demonstration Agent. Community groups are organized in some places where women could not get to the leader school.

Young Farmers' Show Notes

A large and colorful display of jellies and canned fruits and vegetables decorated one end of the room in which the Homemakers' Meetings of the Young Farmers' Show were held.

About 420 jars were exhibited by forty women and older 4^H Club girls. The quality of the exhibit was good, and it was interesting to notice that about half of the prizes were awarded to young women who have had 4-H Club training. Of the forty exhibitors, thirteen could claim the benefit of 4-H Club experience.

In the Clothing classes the keenest competition was shown in the class for the best work apron. Of the ten aprons exhibited there was not one but what was suitable for real use in the kitchen or about the house. We observed two women copying the names and addresses of some of the exhibitors of these aprons with the idea of exchanging patterns. Work aprons that are well designed and well made can always be sold at Christmas fairs and bazaars.

Although one day was very warm and one day was quite cold, both days of our Young Farmers' Show were bright and clear - truly perfect autumn days. The Homemakers' Meetings were well attended.

The Child Welfare Department of the State Department of Public Health had a very interesting exhibit of infant's clothing and of books for young children.

We hear a great deal about cod liver oil. Many mothers give this healthful food to babies and older children as well. At three weeks of age begin with 6 to 8 drops on a teaspoon, gradually increasing the amount until at six months the baby is getting two teaspoons and at nine months 3 teaspoons daily. Some babies spit it out at first, probably not because they particularly dislike it, since little babies have not much sense of taste, but because the texture is new. Most babies learn to like it in a short time.

prevents infections of the nose, throat and lungs. Mothers who have given their children cod liver oil during the winter months have found fewer colds and other lung and throat infections. Vitamin D is the one which helps take the place of the ultra-violet rays in sunshine, and helps to build and keep in good condition bones and teeth. We need this vitamin, particularly during the winter months, since in our climate the sun contains few ultra-violet rays from October to April.

Viosterol is a concentrated Vitamin D preparation and contains no Vitamin A. This should be used only on advice of the doctor. This is also true of cod liver oil tablets, which are expensive, and of the different emulsions, which contain drugs of different kinds.

Radio Broadcasts Home And Grounds

Each copy of the Farmers' Bulletin henceforth will have some timely suggestion for those interested in making their homes a more congenial and beautiful place in which to live.

The Home starts at the entrance to the property. Let's remember then that the grourds are as much a part of the home as the house and the folks who live inside.

A few bulbs planted about the home bloom early in the spring and seem to cheer us up when other vegetation is still dormant. Bulbs for spring and early summer bloom should be planted now before the ground freezes. Snowdrops, Squills, Crocuses, Tulips, Narcissus, Hyacinth, and Lilies, are fine for this purpose. Snowdrops, Squills and Cro-

This is an ideal time of year to plant most varieties of trees, shrubs, including roses and vines. A few of the fleshy rooted and thin barked kinds like Magnolia and Birch should not be planted until spring, however. A few of these plants rightly placed about the home grounds add much to the beauty and pleasure of the home.

Clean out the dead perennial stalks and other debris in the garden and burn it up. It harbors the eggs and pupae of harmful insects which remain alive over winter.

Paper White and other Narcissus as w'ell as Tulips and Hyacinths can easily be forced inside the house at this time of year by placing then in shallow djshes and putting pebbles about them to hold them in place. Water should be placed in the dish to half cover the bulbs. The bulbs thus placed should be well rooted before bringing them into a warm, light place.

Coming Year

Let every club member set an especially high standard in their club endeavors for the year just ahead. This means that each boy and girl who enrolls should make a promise to themr selves to stick to the project they start. It is better not to start a project at all than to start one and then drop it. A real 4-H Club member never quits until the work is done. We would rather have fewer club members and more finishers than a large enrolment and a low percentage of completions.

ley. Miss Natalie Ogosalek and Mr. Aldo Fasolo of Taunton, and Adrian Vincent of Rehoboth, together with Mrs. Wyman Hawkes and the Club Agent, handled the work of the Junior Department in a very creditable way.

In the Home Economics Department there were 85 exhibits by club members and in the adult poultry, rabbit and garden classes there Were 28 exhibits by club members. In the whole show there were 156 different club boys and girls who exhibited and judged.

The biggest and best Junior Show ever was our slogan this year and it undoubtedly was. There were 346 entries all told, as compared with 216 last year, or a gain of over 33 1/3%. There was also a gain in the quality of the exhibits as well.

Wins Scholarship At Brockton Fair

Natalie Ogosalek of Taunton is the second prize winner of the Joseph Burnett Scholarship Contest. This means that Natalie has forty-five dollars to help her in Normal School. She is a senior in the Taunton High School this year and plans to enter Framingham Normal School next fall.

Natalie has been in club work seven years and has been a leader at the County Street School Food Club for the past two years. She has been active in the Canning, Food, Clothing and Garden Clubs.

Watuppa Club Broadcasts And Has Outing

On Saturday, October 24th, the Watuppa 4-H Rabbit Club of Fall River broadcasted a program from Station WNBH, New Bedford. The following members participated - Omer Harrison, Club President; Arnold Booth, Vice- President; Charles Dagnall, Jr., Secretary-Treasurer; Alden Word ell, Lewis Peterson, Herbert Erickson, Lincoln Crowell and the Club Agent.

As a result of a very successful Rabbit Show held in the North Park, Fall River, in September, the Club was able to do all this and there is still money in the treasury.

Club members in this project should keep feed and egg records commencing November first. Egg record cards and other club literature will gladly be furnished to all who wish to belong. Write to the Club Agent at Segreganset if you wish some.

Last year the Poultry Clubs in the county made better and more complete records than ever before. It is hoped that this will continue. Prizes will be offered to the best club in the way of a free trip and to the three best individuals, grain and pullets and cockerels.

Briefly the requirements for each year of poultry club work up to four years is as follows: First year, at least ten hens or pullets, ownership desirable, but not compulsory, keep feed and egg records from November 1st to June 1st, and the filling out of a questionnaire in the record book. Second year is the same except the flock should be increased by ten birds making 20. The third year 30 birds and the 4th year, 40 birds. Hatching chicks and carrying on demonstrations in disease control, feeding tests, etc., should also be carried on in the advanced years of work. The more and better work a member does each year the more chance he will have of winning a county championship.

County Canning Delegate Chosen

Christina Schobel of Rehoboth has been chosen as the County Winner in Canning, therefore winning a trip to Camp Gilbert next July. This is Christina's third year in canning. She has also been in Food and Clothing Clubs.

Room Improvement Contest

The County winner in the Room Improvement Contest is Jean Campbell of Attleboro. She will go to 4-H County Camp next June for four days. Jean has belonged to the Food and Clothing Clubs. This fall she spent a week at Camp F^eld, Brockton Fair.

Pig Club Member Wins Many

Emmons D. Entwistle, son of Mr. and Mrs. W. D. Entwistle of North Westport, won many prizes on his Berkshire hogs this fall. At Eastern States Exposition he won four firsts, one second, four thirds and two fifths on his pigs. At Columbus, Ohio, New York State Fair, and Reading, Pennsylvania, he also won many more prizes.

This new type of Berkshires that Emmons and his father have developed are very fine. It is hoped that Emmons will exhibit again next year and do as well and even better.

Honor Comes To B. C. A. S.

Praise and applause has rung from coast to coast, by radio, newspaper and official, to Henry Brousseau, for the honors won at the National Dairy Show at St. Louis, Missouri. We are printing the letter received by Mr. Gilbert, explaining his trip. Dear Mr. Gilbert:

Bright and early on the morning of October 3rd, the Massachusetts State Vocational Stock Judging Team, with Mr. Noel V. Smith, of Smith Agricultural School as our advisor, started from Northampton to the greatest of all dairy shows, the National Dairy Show at St. Louis, Missouri. The team consisted of Alfred W. Gould of Hawley, student of Smith Agricultural School; Roger M. Perrington, Shelborne Falls, Attendant of Arms Academy, and myself (Henry A. Brousseau of Attleboro), graduate of the Bristol County Agricultural School. This team was chosen as representatives of the state through elimination contests held at the Massachusetts State iC'ollege and at the Eastern States Exposition.

A train from Northamption took us direct to one of the best railroad staitions in the world, the Grand Central station in New York. We then took a ferry across the Hudson River and there had a magnificient view of the great New York sky line and the Statue of Liberty. Upon landing at Jersey City, we took the Baltimore and Ohio National Limited Pullman Train and crossed eleven states. We passed through Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Harper's Ferry, where the states meet and about which we hear so much in history, Cincinnati and on to St. Louis. A day and a half on an observatory train gave us an opportunity of seeing one of the most beautiful sections of our country.

Four days were spent in St. Louis, attending the show and visiting the main points of interest. We were fortunate enough to see the great reception and honors paid to the World Baseball Champions, The Cardinals, as they finished a most glorious season of baseball. Among the many points of interest enjoyed here was a steamboat ride on the Mississippi, the great yellow, fast flowing, muddy river, covered with house boats and flat boats.

There was the Jefferson Memorial, where Col. Lindbergh's trophies and medals are collected, also the Lambert St. Louis Airport where Lindbergh received his training. Another pleasure was the St. Louis Zoo in Forest Park, one of the largest and finest in the world.

A vex'y interesting trip was made to the Purina Experimental Farms, here we saw the different experiments as they are carried on. While at the farm, a very interesting program was conducted, composed of addresses by such men as William H. Danforth, president and founder of Purina Mills; Branch Rickey, Vice-President of the World's Champions, the St. Louis Cardinals. The different experiments were explained by Prof. Powell and other professors on their respective tasks.

My outstanding point of interest here was the large arena, one of the largest and best known. Here the aristocrats of the dairy world meet and here the determining of all dairy supremacy in the show world is done. That is where our judging was done and I will never forget the large gathering of students and not a word to be spoken until the judging was completed. Finally, the judging contests were closed and a banquet followed where all met together and the prizes were awarded. Some three hundred met from the East and the West and listened silently as Dr. C. H. Lane spoke and all burst into applause as the winners were announced, Massachusetts carrying off first in Poultry Judging, second in dairy judging and losing to California by twelve-hundredths of a point for fourth place in milk judging. We brought back eleven medals, of which the most prized by the team was the Poultry Trophy Cup, awarded by the Purina Mills. My own prize, which I shall always treasure, was the seventeen jewel, gold Waltham Watch, which was won not only through my efforts, but by those of the Bristol County Agricultural School and its instructors.

All happy over our winnings, we were off for Massachusetts, some thousand miles away, but many more interesting buildings, cities, monuments and memorials were in store for us to see. Among the outstanding was the city of Washington, the most beautiful, historic and cleanest city visited, containing the National Capital, Congressional Library, Washington's Monument, Lincoln's Memorial, Smithsonian Institute,

Masonic Temple Memorial to Washington, Government Printing Department of Bills and Stamps and finishing up with a trip to Mount Vernon, George Washington's Home facing the Potomac. The visiting of these buildings which alone cannot be described, and their splendor can be little realized until seen, this alone would make a wonderful trip.

From Washington our next sight seeing trip w'as at Philadelphia, visiting the U. S. Mint Offices where the United States coins are made. We toured through the grounds where the World's Fair was held and then the Betsy Ross house where the first American Flag was made, and finished with Independence Hall, which contains the Liberty Bell.

New York was our next stop, its great sky line lighted with its skyscrapers projecting high into the sky seemed unbelievable. Broadway in its gay splendor was the last attraction. Then we were back to good old Massachusetts and we were all glad to be back.

Hoping to see another B. C. A. S. boy go soon. As they say, "the best is none too good," so it is at the Bristol County Agricultural School, especially the instructors and the entire school. Sincerely,

Henry Brousseau has been employed on Leslie Clark's dairy farm in Middleboro, since his graduation from B. C. A. S. last spring. After having won out in all the elimination contests in Massachusetts he had the privilege of going to the National Dairy Show in St. Louis. He v/on first on all Poultry Judging over all of the contestants sent from all parts of the United States. Besides this he won fifth in the judging of all breeds of dairy cattle.

"Brousseau, '31, should certainly make a good poultry man sometime, if one can judge by the interest he manifests in the non-feathered variety."

James Marsden, who has worked the past season in the school greenhouse has started the construction of a small greenhouse at home and plans to develop a small business of his own at the completion of his studies at B. C. A. S.

Arnold Hebert, who is a freshman this year, also has a small greenhouse and has recently hired a small store from which he plans to retail in a small way.

The number of students interested in floriculture is growing continually as evidenced by the number of students who have elected floriculture this year.

Hallowe'En Stunt Night

The annual Hallowe'en Stunt Night was held Saturday evening, October 31. After the bonfire, the boys gathered at the dining hall where they enjoyed an interesting program consisting of games and stunts. After the program refreshments were seized - sweet cider and doughnuts.

Fair Returns

Everyone makes mistakes, but mistakes may be made the basis of success. They often point the way not to go, the way not to act, the material not to use, the method not to employ.

The B. C. A. S. Poultry Plant is housing about 2300 layers and breeders this season. The Leghorns predominate in numbers this year as against the 1930 excess of Rhode Island .Reds.

The dry mash hoppers on the plant have been somewhat modernized and nests of the New Hampshire type have replaced the greater part of our old nesting equipment. These nests make collecting less laborious, reducing losses from egg eating, and obstruct less light in the houses. Our breeding house has new shingles and is receiving minor interior repairs. Other small improvements are rapidly being put forward by our energetic and ambitious new manager, Phil Erbeck, with the co-operation of the Farm Shop Department.

Department Five

As this paper goes to press the chrysanthemums are in full bloom. We do not have as many as in some years, but the variety is greater as well as the quality. Some very fine calendulas are being cut, also some of the finest carnations that we have ever cut at this time of the year. Several thousand cuttings are in the propagating beds. Greenhouse number three is being disinfected this week with formaldahyde in preparation for setting a crop of tomato plants about the fifteenth of the month. Our crop of mangels have been harvested and the crop is normal. The celery is being trenched to prevent injury by frost. The crop is not as good, due to the blight situation which has been unusual this season.

Dancing Class

We have resumed our annual dancing class with Miss Grace Blackman as instructor. This part of our social program has been omitted for two years and we have felt its absence in many ways. This first meeting of the group was held on November 2, with an attendance of twenty-five fellows and a goodly number of girls.

"If the American farmer is to prove an exception to the history of the world and remain the independent, thinking, reading, progressive individual he has thus far been instead of becoming a peasant, as he has before in all history, it is necessary that he be given the broadest possible training and be educated most thoroughly in the fundamental principles underlying his profession." - Henry Jackson Waters, 1909. Quoted from "Agricultural Education."

An Optimist

In times of depression, if you have an obsession That business will never improve. And you wander around, with your eye on the ground. And you move in the same old groove.

While your hands you're wringing - ^the birds are all singing, And the sun is shining all day. Misfortunes you bode, you're a stone in the road Of Progress, and cumber the way.

Give thanks if you're healthy; if you're healthy, you're wealthy. (Believe it or not, it is true.) Give thanks for each blessing, forget what's distressing. And the world will look better to you.

B. C. A. S. Social Calendar

December 4 - Athletic Association Benefit. Program furnished by Miss Beatrice Henderson, Banjoist and Whistler, and Jack Henderson, Pianist. Reservations can be made at the school office. Subscription for adults 50 cents, children 25 cents.

Association Annual Meeting

The program of the Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association annual meeting of January 6, 7, 8, 1932, as laid out by the Directors, presents a well rounded series of addresses, talks and discussions on producing and marketing apples and other fruits.

Wednesday afternoon the program begiivs with an address by Dr. Philip Garman of the Connecticut Station, on "P'roblems of Oriental Peach Moth Control". This will be followed by a discussion of "Orchard Management" by Prof. G. P. Potter of the University of New Hampshire.

Thursday forenoon starts off with Professor A. J. Heiniche of Cornell University, whose topic is "Soil Conditions and Productivity of Fruit." Following Professor Heinicke will be heard Professor R. B. Corbett of the Rhode Island State College, who will discuss "Packages and Packing." The morning session is completed with the annual business meeting and election of officers.

In the afternoon of Thursday will again appear Professor Heinicke with an address on "Factors Effecting the Set of Fruit." W. E. Piper of the Department of Agriculture will discuss the new Grading Law and Professor F. C. Sears will present "The New Varieties of Apples."

Friday forenoon starts off with a Round Table Discussion of Cold Storage on the Farm, led by Professor Wm. R. Cole of Massachusetts State College.

Following this and continuing through the day will be a program on Control of Insects and Diseases. This program viall include consideration of 90% Club, Pest Surveys, Leaf Hopper, Curculio, (Continued on page 2, column 1.)

A dairyman came into the office this morning and wanted the vreiter to assist him in securing a license to retail milk on one of our local markets. He hoped to build up a retail route by cutting prices to 9 cents a quart in a market where most of the milk is being sold from 13 to 15 cents per quart. He was receiving six cents per quart wholesale at the farm and could not make it pay.

The writer tried to point out that it was a rather short-sighted policy to attempt to get in on a market by selling milk at less than cost and upsetting a market already in an unsettled condition.

It has been impressed upon us very forcefully in recent months that it takes relatively little cut price milk coming into a market to bring disaster to that market.

It is not consumer deniand that causes the price of milk to drop but it is the milk offered at cut price that forces down the price of milk of the other distributors. The consumer has relatively little to gain by a cut in the price of milk and is quite apt to get a cut in quality because very few dairymen can produce quality milk at cut prices.

To illustrate, the average family consumes about two quarts of milk daily, a two cents per quart cut in the retail price of milk amounts to four cents a day to him. On the other hand if the average producer producing about 100 quarts of milk daily is cut say from seven to five cents per quart he loses two dollars a day and is forced to sell his product far below the cost of producing quality milk.

Summary of figures taken from Herd Improvement Associations show that if the average dairy farmer is permitted to receive 30 cents an hour for his time and a reasonable interest on his investment in his dairy business he would have to get at least eight cents a quart for his milk at present costs of production. The figures also show that at actual prices received for milk this past year an average milk production of 8000 lbs. per year is necessary for a cow to pay her keep.

Results Of Potato Tests At Market Garden Field Station

The State Market Garden Field Station this past season conducted some interesting tests with different sources of seed potatoes and two different types of fertilizer. These experiments were carried on on land previously in clover sod.

Twelve different sources of seed were used, one from Prince Edward Island, five from Maine, three from New York, one from Vermont, one from Massachusetts and one was taken from table stock. There were three rows of each, 60 feet long, rows three feet apart, hills one foot apart, a total of 36 rows.

Half the area was fertilized with 4-8-7 fertilizer at the rate of 2500 lbs. per acre. The other half w'as fertilized with 10-20-20 Nitrophoska at the rate of 1000 lbs. per acre.

Both halves of the area received exactly the same number of pounds of nitrogen and phosphoric acid, but the Nitrophoska plot received slightly more potash.

The source of seed giving the highest yield averaging the total yield of each three rows was the Prince Edward Island seed which yielded 43 lbs. The 2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th, and 9th in the order of yield were the five Maine sources. The 3rd, 7th and 11th were from New York. The one Massachusetts source stood in 6th place, the Vermont source 10th place and the table stock yielded at the foot of the list.

The area fertilized with 4-8-7 fertilizer yielded 527 pounds marketable and 63 pounds small potatoes, while the area which received the 10-20-20 Nitrophoska produced 742.5 lbs. marketable and 56.75 pounds of small potatoes.

House plants should be watered only when they need it. Plants making rapid growth need a lot of water whereas foliage plants do not require much. Flowering plants need plenty of moisture.

The Farmers' Bulletin

Scab, Apple Maggot, New Spray Materials and Spray Residue with Fred E. Cole of Worcester County Extension Service, Professor W. D. Whitcomb of State College Field Station, Dr. Philip Garman of Connecticut, Professor R. A. Van Meter, Professor O. C. Roberts, Professor A. I. Bourne, Dr. 0. C. Boyd, Dr. J. K. Shaw and others participating in the discussions.

A complete copy of the program will be mailed to members about December 25, 1931. Anyone desiring a copy of the program may get it by asking his County Agricultural Agent or by vmting thei Secretary of the M. F. G. A. at State College, Amherst, Mass.

Ten Highest Herds In Butterfat Production

The census figures for 1930 give the average milk production per cow in Bristol County as being slightly less than 6,000 lbs. per year. It would seem on this basis that far less than half the cows in Bristol County are at present paying a profit. The facts of the case are that the average dairy farmer is either not being paid for his own and his family labor or he is not getting any return on his investment.

What then is the answer to the milk price situation? Perhaps there is no answer. There are, however, two methods of procedure which might help.

I refer to the work which has been done by the milk producers organizing to stabilize their market. If one hundred percent of the producers on these Irw'o markets would join their organizations and abide by the decisions of their leader there would be no question but what the dairymen would receive a fair price for their milk and that the consumer would receive the best quality milk obtainable and at reasonable prices.

Unfortunately there are always a few who are ready to discredit the work of any organization or for selfish reasons oppose the interests of the majority.

There is one thing that every dairyman can do to help out the situation. In most all of our dairy herds there are a few cows which do not bring their owner a new dollar for an old one. If these cows were disposed of it would not only check the losses sustained on such cows, but instead of Bristol County having a 10% surplus of milk there would be no surplus and no temptation for cut price milk.

Final Results Of The Rat Campaign

Six hundred 2-pound packages of rat bait were distributed in the recent campaign. In order to find out w'hether or not results were satisfactory, cards were mailed to all who used the bait, asking if they were satisfied with results. One hundred and twelve or about 20% of these cards were returned. Of course, it is rather difficult to tell whether this is a fair cross section or not. It is probable, however, that on the average, people who are dissatisfied are more apt to report than those who are satisfied.

The fact that the rats are migratory in their habits and have been known to travel as far as 12 miles in a single night may account in some measure for poor results. Then again rats do not go into winter quarters until cold weather and owing to the mild fall it is probable that many of the rats had not gone into winter quarters w'hen the campaign took place. Rats are very suspicious creatures and it may be that in some instances the rats had tasted this kind of bait before.

Do not walk over the lawn when the ground is frozen. It is very harmful to the grass and will show plainly next season where it has been walked on.

Wind breaks consisting of painted wooden barricades, burlap stretched over wooden frames or possibly corn stalks should be placed around rhododendrom beds or exposed evergreens before the ground freezes.

Home Furnishing Notes

Nearly all of the groups which have been studying Home Furnishings during the fall months have signed up for the new course which is to start in January, ihis course is concerned particularly with the living room, but the information may be applied to any room, in the house.

Coverings. Meeting IV - iCurtains and Draperies. Meeting V - Pictures and Accessories. Many women are planning to do some redecorating this spring and will find this material very helpful. If you are interested in having this course in your community get in touch With your Home Demonstration Agent, Blanche W. Eames, Segreganset, Mass.

Some of the women who sent replies in the fall indicating an interest in some of the subjects included in our classes this fall have not as yet had an opportunity to join one of our study groups. If you are one of these will you not write to iMiss Eames so that special effort can be made to form a group in your vicinity.

Christmas Sweets

Simple homemade candies and popcorn add greatly to the festivities of the Christmas season. The following material is supplied by the Bureau of Home Economics, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Put the sugar, water, cream of tartar or vinegar, and salt into a saucepan over a hot fire. Stir constantly until, but not after, the sugar has dissolved. Do not splash the syrup. Remove the spoon and do not use it again after the syrup boils. Remove the sugar crystals around the edge of the pan with a dampened brush or wet cloth. Let the syrup boil until it forms a soft ball when dropped into cold water. Add the vanilla without stirring. Pour the syrup in a thin sheet onto a chilled platter so it will cool quickly. Do not scrape out the saucepan. When the syrup is cool, work it until it creams, with a flat wooden spoon. When it forms a soft creamy mass, work it with the palms of the hands in the same way as bread dough until it is smooth.

Place the fondant in an earthenware or glass dish, and cover with a damp cloth. After about 24 hours the fondant is ready to mold. Fondant made in this way vdll keep for months in a cold place if covered with a moist cloth or stored in a tightly covered jar.

Heat the sugar gradually in a clean smooth skillet. Stir constantly with the bowl of the spoon until a golden syrup is formed. Remove from the fire and stir in quickly the salt, soda and vanilla. Pour the syrup over a layer of nuts in a greased pan. When cold, crack into small pieces.

Almost any combination of dried fruit, with or without nuts, may be used. The following were found to go together particularly Well: Apricots, pears, and nuts; figs, dates and nuts; peaches, apples and nuts; raisins without seeds, apricots and figs.

Use equal quantities of any of the fruits selected. Wash and dry thoroughly, and run them, and nuts if desired, through the meat grinder, using the medium blade. Add a little salt, and moisten with enough syrup to make the mixture hold together and keep its shape when formed into balls. Roll the balls lightly in powdered sugar or dip them in coating chocolate.

Heat sugar, butter or margarin, and vinegar over a very moderate fire, stir until the sugar dissolves, then boil without stirring until the syrup forms a hard ball when tried in cold water. Pour carefully around and over the raisins which have been arranged in rows in greased pans. When cold, cut in squares.

and pour while hot over the popcorn and nuts and mix well. When cool enough to handle, grease the hands and form into balls, or place popcorn in a deep layer in a greased pan and cut in oblong pieces. When cold wrap in waxed paper. If desired, 2 squares of unsweetened chocolate may be added to the syrup for variety.

Boil together the sugar, honey, Water and salt for a few minutes. Wash, core, and pare the apples, cut into half-moon shaped pieces about half an inch thick, drop into the syrup, and cook rapidly until the apples are transparent and practically all the syrup is absorbed. Place on waxed paper to dry.

Cook the sugar, water, and salt until the syrup forms a soft ball when dropped in cold water. Remove from the fire, and beat with a spoon until it is creamy. Drop in the pop com and stir quickly until each kernel is coated with sugar. Put on a platter and separate the grains of corn.

Other recipes for home-made candies are given in Aunt Sammy's Radio Recipes Revised, or will be furnished upon request to the Bureau of Home FJconomics of the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Bird boxes and bird feeding stations should be put in place now'. Be sure that they are thoroughly cleaned. Plans for the outdoor feeding stations will gladly be furnished to anyone desiring them.

Local Leader Meeting, January 7

The Annual Get-together of all the local club leaders in Bristol County will be held on Saturday, January 9, at the Bristol County Agricultural School.

This occasion promises to be a very interesting one, for Mr. George L. Farley, Miss Marion E. Forbes, and Mr. H. A. Leland, state leaders from Amherst, have promised to be with us.

There will be more time than usual given over to helping local leaders in the planning of their programs including matters of play, games, songs and the like.

Handicraft Notes

Plans of various articles giving dimensions, kind of material to use, etc., will gladly be furnished by the Club Agent if you will write him at Segreganset.

Clothing Club Notes

4-H Club girls all over Bristol County have spent their time at meetings this month making Christmas gifts. Stuffed toys and bean bags have been very popular. Other interesting gifts have been made also.

Homecraft

There are three Homecraft Clubs that have started their program. Painted iron door stops, and bookends, vases, silhouettes and painted brick door stops are some of the articles that have been made.

The Watuppa Rabbit Club of Fall River, under Mr. John R. Packer's leadership, has made out its program of meetings for the year including two moving pictures on Rabbit Raising and 4-H Club Work. At other meetings they plan to bring in outside speakers and at still others they vtdll practice judging various breeds of rabbits.

Mr. Charles H. Holmes, Superintendent of Schools of Acushnet, is doing a fine piece of work with the forestry clubs in Acushnet. There are four clubs comprising eighty odd members in the Acushnet Schools. The members are also doing fine work in making leaf prints and mounting tree sections and twigs.

Besides the four clubs in Acushnet there are Forestry Clubs in the following towns: Dartmouth, one; Berkley, one; Taunton, two; and Westport, one.

Mr. R. B. Parmenter, Extension Forester for the State, assisted the Club Agent recently, showing moving pic^ tures to clubs in East Taunton, Westport, Dartmouth and Acushnet.

The Junior Woodmen of North Dartmouth under Julius Sylvia's leadership are planning to do some thinning in the Hawes W.oodlot at Smith Mills, North Dartmouth, during the Christmas vacation.

Three Poultry Judging teams will probably be taken to the Boston Poultry Show late this month. Teams from the Watuppa Poultry Club of Fall River, the Full-0-Pep Club of North Dartmouth and the Red Rock Poultry Club of North Attleboro vrill represent the county.

Egg records have been coming in very well this year. Over 50% of the members had reported up to December 5th. The individual w'innings and the club winners will be given in next month's issue as it will be too early to get all the records in this issue before it goes to press. The 10th of the month is the latest date for getting in egg records of the previous month.

A trip will be awarded to the clubs that have a 100% completion this year in getting in monthly records. Last year there were two clubs to win this honor, the Perry Poultry Club of North Rehoboth and the Red Rival Poultry Club of Taunton. The Full-0-Pep Club of North Dartmouth stood high with only one member failing to send in his record.

Several Food Clubs this year are planning to visit neighboring food clubs and hold judging contests. First it would be best to hold judging contests within the club for practice. Score cards for judging may be obtained at the County Oifice at Segreganset.

Local Leaders Of 4-H Club In

We think the above list of 48 local leaders are doing a noble work. With them we know that we will have the most successful club work we have ever had. Twenty of the above are older club members or junior leaders, as we call them.

Garden Club Delegate

Irving Wyeth of Segreganset was selected County Garden Delegate by Earle H. Nodine, Assistant State Club Leader, recently. Mr. Nodine said he had the largest number of vegetable varieties of any garden member. He also made the most profit and won the most prizes at the Fair. He had a fine story and a neat, well kept record. His garden of a little more than 1/8 of an acre netted him $23.64.

Honorable mention is awarded Harold Ames of East Taunton, who had a good garden and kept good records, John White of Taunton, who had a half acre and did a fine job, and James Rose of Berkley who did a good piece of work with his tenth of an acre of garden.

Miniature Garden Exhibit

Instructor H. Judson Robinson of the floriculture class at the Bristol County Agricultural School, put on a miniature garden exhibit of the class, December 1. There were thirty-five exhibits entered by various students of the school which completely covered the stage in the assembly hall. Mrs. Edith Woodward of the Flower Shop, Taunton, judged the exhibits assisted by Edwin R. Wyeth. The awards were in four classes. For a cactus garden representing a desert oasis, the first prize went to Manuel Barros of New Bedford. For dish gardens made of material gathered from the woods, first prize was awarded to William Kaye, Dartmouth, second prize to Norman Clegg, Pottersville, and third prize to Victor Martin, Somerset. For miniature gardens arranged in shallow boxes, first prize to Gerald DeCosta, East Freetown; second prize to Chester Hood, Rehoboth, and third to Arnold Hebert, Taunton. Honorable mention was given to the following for reproduction of woodland scenes, which were executed in an exceptionally fine manner: Fred Hutchings, Segreganset; Ernest Macaully, New Bedford, and John Hedges, Dartmouth. Special award of merit was given to Rudolph Christensen of Dighton for his reproduction of a rock garden which occupied the center of the stage. This was the largest exhibit and covered a space six feet by nine feet.

Mrs. Woodward complimented the boys highly on their work. This is the first thing of the kind ever attempted at the school and doubtless will be made an annual event in connection with the Young Farmers' Show each year.

Social Calendar Miniature Gardens

Many people have recently become interested in miniature formal gardens, miniature landscapes, dish gardens and bowl gardens. This is an attempt to show how one may be assembled and the material used.

Sophomore Hop

The Sophomores hold their annual hop at that time and from all reports it promises to equal or even excel all other similar events in the history of the school.

For a foundation, peatmoss or leafmould are excellent materials. Have the foundation level or as nearly representing the finished job as possible. We will list some materials here which are easily obtained. The tips of cedar trees, broken off at the right length to balance the setting, make a fine background. Small branches of trees make fine trees for a winter scene or if a summer scene is wanted, branches from cherry, soft maple, and willow' when put in water in a warm room will come out in leaf in a short time. Ferns are abundant in the woods. Mosses can be obtained from swamps, rocks and at the foot of trees. Ten different varieties, with spores of beautiful shades of color may be found close at hand. Mirrors or pieces of broken glass may be used as an imitation of water. Another way is to have a small can set in the foundation and filled with water.

Poultry Judging At Amherst

At three o'clock Friday, November 13, Albert Haracz, Harvey Smith and myself, (Victor Martin), left Bristol County School en-route to Amherst for the judging contest, stopping at Southbridge for our evening meal.

Saturday morning We arrived at the Poultry Plant at eight o'clock. We were given instruction and divided into two groups; one to judge production and one to judge exhibition. Each of these groups was divided into three classes for the judging of. Barred Plymouth Rocks, White Leghorns and Rhode Island Reds.

The experiences of mingling vrith other fellows interested in poultry, from all parts of the state was in itself of much value. The opportunity of seeing our State College gives a vision of higher education and the environment in which college men live, stimulating us to strive for greater goals.

Essex Aggies Display

Recently, Mr. Pbilbrook took three of the boys from the Science Department to a Summer Science Exhibit at the Essex County Agricultural School. The boys reported back in assembly n tlie fine exhibit of material from the fields of botany, zoology, minerology, and related sciences. Their boys have carried on this work of summer science during the summer months and have received a great deal of pleasure in collecting and studying from a practical point of view. Great interest seems to be manifested among our boys in carrying out the same idea.

Notice

Through the years, dances at B. C. A. S. have been open to the public only by invitation. The Social Life Council of the school has recently ruled that bf^reafter only those be admitted who iiresent their invitation at the door. Bring- your invitation with you, as this ruling will be rigidly enforced. W. E. Hawkes, Chairman for the Council.

Judging Teams At Amherst

Livestock Judging 2 classes of Hogs; 2 classes Horses; 4 breeds of Dairy Cows and Heifers. 22 teams competing. Bristol placed 6th, with a score of 1239 out of a possible 1800.

Inter-Class Athletics

Each class has a team of four players including a captain. There have already been three games played at the time of this writing. The first game was played between the Senior and Freshmen, with a resultant score of 245 to 323 in favor of the Seniors. The second game was rolled by the Seniors and Sophomores with a score of 296 to 303 in favor of the Seniors. The third game was played between the Juniors and Sophomores. The score was 194 to 209 in favor of the Juniors.

The Farm Shop Department

The Farm Shop Department is constantly on the job and has made a number of improvements about the farm. The roof of the long poultry house has been shingled and the walls have received a coat of paint. New steps have been built for two of the poultry houses. New electric wires have been placed from the dormitory to the poultry department making a noticeable improvement in the lighting system. The erection of the electric wires necessitated the removal of some trees, trimming of others and replacing some of the poles. A concrete runway has been constructed at the farm shop. The gymnasium floor has been repaired and the walls smoothed up and painted. A new bench has been built in the small greenhouse. All exposed shutoffs in the water system have been covered for 1lMa«a«^ iSwitlfeiiUKeMaveYBKdLba^ cl^SEing ft§io'vgell^^.j,^| j^nd, BSfei<*JiVfiBrk^*/*£Egr§sgjagf5:ag^jri ^gj^ loiaJTH Jtal .(niJ'ltiM 'SOJSjiV) .ilaavra ioi^9i§BflM^ojJse§%-f6- r(W>4$gP^ii¥P8fee -te5fc^l«i^:fto^s9^fe3 cg^,i^i^,faHaiy life, it brQught to ,-mirid-.;a,p .experiezice If^f the boy3 in the^ Jreshman d^ss, ,. ".

Department Number Six

Tile re-laying in the sixth department has gone forward at a rapid rate during the past two months. The boys in the department have dug up the old tile which was laid a few years ago. This tile was cleaned thoroughly and will be put back when the seniors grade the ditch. This gives an excellent opportunity for the fellows to learn surveying and drainage.

During the time that the boys have been waiting for the grading, they have stored the turnips and cleaned up about the fields, thus learning the art of being neat and orderly in their farm management.

Beautifying The Home

We read in Washington's Diaries, notes concerning his interest in horticulture. He seemed constantly on the alert for shrubs and trees for his grounds.

April 13, 1785: "Planted and sowed in boxes . . . Six buck eye nuts, brought with me from the Mouth of the Cheat River; . . . Six acorns, which I brought with me from the South Branch. These grew on a tree resembling the box oak. . . . Eight nuts from a tree called the Kentucke Coffetree; Ten acorns sent me by Colo. Josiah Parker. ... A scarlet triangular berry the cover of which opens in 3 parts and looks well upon the shrub. . . . Berry of a shrub, b'rot. from the Western Waters with me . . . a seed brot. from the same place. . . . Seed of a cluster of Red Berrys which look pretty, and if I recollect right grows on a vine." - "Washington, the Farmer."

A little nursery is contemplated at B. C. A. S. And why not? Washington saw beauty in nature's wonders. People are more and more seeing the beauty in God's handiwork.

It is thought that a little nursery on the school farm would create interest among the boys in adding to their homes a touch of beauty. Farm homes can be n^ade more interesting and more livable as well as city homes and great estates. Farmers are realizing this from year to year and continually one notices as grtjAgJjttle corner is being plowed- -this fall, ^llard wood cuttings have, been and seeds are being stratified '%y "the -ortiamental g-aTdening class. '' ""^ It is the desire of the school to serve the .}]o,me, and the county as muchoffs possible. By adding this work. :to .the school farrn, it is hoped that stock, can 0ge2%i5^giiSt6"?t'HS' btfys'at very low price Hat Itaeoa^QftHtfayfceigfilittHiesto hcri-J erfj

Buy Massachusetts Baby

If you want to lose money buy cheap chicks. Massachusetts produces the highest quality chicks possible to obtain. The writer has witnessed many tragic instances during the past few years where people have tried to save money by buying cheap chicks. Many of these instances were of beginners attempting to get a start in the poultry business.

Usually they purchase the chicks through some glowing advertisements. There are still a great many who think that distance lends enchantment and seem to feel that chicks offered for sale by some unknown source at a great distance ought to be a better buy than quality chicks grown in Massachusetts under state supervision.

Cheap chicks are almost always the most expensive in the long run. The mortality on such chicks often runs from 50 to 100% and the chickens that survive are apt to be carriers of disease and are unprofitable.

The County Extension Service has a list of disease free flocks and will be glad to assist anyone interested in locating satisfactory local sources of chicks. You can save money by purchasing quality chicks.

Bi-istol County Milk Producers are organizing to protect their markets. Our five largest markets have already organized. These include New Bedford, Fall River, Taunton, Attleboro and North Attleboro. These Associations, although newly organized, already include 600 dairymen. Their objectives are first to furnish Bristol County Milk consumers the best quality of milk wliich is possible to produce. They believe that this can be accomplished by co-operating with the local boards of health and the distributors on the market to the end that the milk is produced and handled under the best possible conditions.

They also hope to stabilize prices so that it will be possible for dairymen to produce this quality milk at a fair profit. If dairymen are to continue to produce quality milk it is absolutely necessary for them to receive the cost of production plus a reasonable profit.

A diet containing an ample supply of milk and fresh fruit and vegetables and restricted in sugar and starches does something that prevents decay in the teeth of children. - Hanke.

A Study Of Milk Production

The figures given below were secured from a survey taken in Massachusetts in 1916 by Wesley H. Bronson, but the prices are based on present day costs.

In this survey, there was a group of 323 cows averaging 5500 pounds of milk per cow. The average cow in Massachusetts at the present time produces 5623 pounds per cow according to the 1930 census, therefore, the figures in the survey pertaining to the amounts of feeds consumed per cow are applicable at the present time. These quantities of feed are given in Table I. Prices used are current prices.

The survey showed that 150 hours of man labor and 9 hours of horse labor were required per cow. Using present prices of 30 cents per hour of man labor and 15 cents per hour of horse labor, the total labor cost per cow would be $46.35. Total Feed and Labor costs w'ould be $152.29 per cow.

In the survey, Feed and Labor Costs were 82.8% of the total costs. If this basis is used for calculating costs at the present time, the total cost per 100 pounds of milk would be $2,915 or .0626 per quart. This slightly higher (Continued on Page 2, Col. 1)

Prof. Harold F. Tompson

Prof. Harold F. Tompson of Seekonk received a gold medal at the Union Agricultural Meeting held at Worcester on January 7th, "For Consistent Service in Market Gardening."

Prof. Tompson dared to give up a sure thing for an uncertainty. For many years he held a salaried teaching position with the Commonwealth. He had sufficient faith and courage in his teachings to put them to the test in actual practice on a farm of his own.

Prof. Tompson has for several years carried on an extensive market garden farm. For disposing of a considerable part of his produce, he developed a system of road-side stand marketing that is one of the best in the Common^ wealth.

He was formerly director of the Market Garden Field Station at Walr tham and for many years head of the Vegetable Gardening Department of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. He has also held responsible positions in national organizations, and has been a prominent contributor to agricultural magazines.

Prof. Tompson has been in demand as a lecturer on market gardening subijects and his counsel and advice are eagerly sought. He is active in community affairs and has ably served his towii, county, state and nation. Among other positions which Prof. Tompson now holds are President of the Providence Market Garden Association, President of the Governor Dyer Market In'- corporated. Trustee of the Bristol County Agricultural School, and Director of the King Philip National Farm Loan Association.

The Bristol Ctounty Farm Bureau held its annual meeting and election of officers Jan. 13, at the Agricultural School Dining Hall. The organization is in healthy condition, functions as the local unit of the State and National Farm Bureau, in many ways the best spokesman for the farmers of the nation that has ever been developed. President, Elmer M. Poole, North Dartmouth; 1st Vice President, Chas. S. Bliss, North Rehoboth; 2nd Vice President, Alexander R. Smith, Westport; Treasurer, Franklin G. Arnold, Touisset; Secretary, Wyman E. Hawkes, Segraganset.

MILK PRODUCTION COSTS (Cont.) cost is due to the fact that wages are relatively high in proportion to other costs now than they were in 1916.

The percentage that feed costs are of the total costs will vary from time to time depending upon the ratio that feed, labor and other costs bear to each other. Just now this ratio is lower than, usual for Massachusetts because feed prices have declined considerably during the past year while certain other costs like wages, taxes and real estate and equipment values have lagged and have dropped but little.

This also substantiates the argument that the cost of producing 100 pounds of milk in Massachusetts is probably higher than the above iigures indicate.

The higher costs of producing milk in Massachusetts are not due to low producing cows. Dairy statistics show that the average yield per cow in Massachusetts is above the average production per cow. In 1924 she ranked 6th in the United States with an average yield of 5272 pounds or 1488 pounds above the average of all cows in the United States.

Butterfat Pr,Oduction

above figures the average dairy farmer would have to receive six and twentysix one hundredths cents per quart at the farm for every quart of milk he produces. It is probably also true that our costs in Bristol County are somewhat higher than the average for Massachusetts.

Methodist Church, North Dartmouth - January 13 at 10.00 A. M. Agricultural School, Segreganset, January 20 at 10.00 A. M. Methodist Church, Chartley, January 28 at 10.00 A, M. Most of the groups who were in the first series of study classes this fall are planning to continue, and some new groups are starting at this time.

Low Cost Meals

Miss May E. Foley, State Nutrition Specialist, will conduct a lecture and demonstration on "Low Cost Meals" at the American Legion Hiall lin Soufth Swansea on Friday, February 12, 1932, at 1.30 P. M.

This subject is of particular interest at this time when everyone is trying to provide wholesome and nutritious as well as palatable meals for as little money as possible. Miss Foley is well prepared to give women many useful ideas along these lines.

Dried Fruits

Have you had your copper today? - This is a question that scientists are now asking. Liver is our best food source, but if you get a little tired of liver, why not try apricots? And they contain some iron too. All dried fruits are particularly rich in minerals and roughage and some of the vitamins.

Raisins, prunes, peaches, apples and apricots are the five major dried fruits in this country. Pears are beginning to be popular. Other dried fruits consumed in quantity are currants, dates, and figs.

We sometimes hear the remark that prunes at ten cents a pound or apricots at twenty cents are not inexpensive, but we need to remember that most of the moisture has been evaporated and we are paying for only concentrated food. After water is added and the fruit cooked, the bulk is greatly increased. The food value is then the same as an equal amount of freshly cooked or canned fruit with juice. Raw fruit of course has some advantages over canned or dried fruits because none of the vitamin content is lost.

Seeded raisins are best. Wash and soak for one hour. Stew in water in which they were soaked until tender - about 20 minutes. Each cup of raisins takes two to two and one-half cups of water, and serves four persons.

Roll dough to i/i-inch thickness. Spread with butter, brown sugar and a bit of cinnamon, if the flavor is liked. Then the filling of 1 cup chopped, tart apples, and 1/3 cup raisins. Roll as for jelly roll, press edges together, and place in baking pan. Bake Vz hour in moderate oven, basting several times (use 1 teaspoon butter, 2 tablespoons brown sugar, and 2 tablespoons w'ater). Serve hot or cold, in inch slices, with or without milk or whipped cream.

Soak gelatin in cold water. Melt over hot water. Add to apricot, lemon juice, and salt and stir thoroughly. Beat whites of eggs and add sugar, continuing to beat until sugar is dissolved. When the apricot gelatin mixture begins to thicken, beat well and fold in egg whites. Serve with cooked custard.

Use any of the whole wheat cereals, following directions on package. One cup of cut dates is added to each four or five cups of the cereal shortly after it begins to cook. Serve with top milk or thin cream. Shaved maple sugar adds to this dessert.

soft in same water. Obtain meat from stones and add to prunes and water; then add sugar, salt, cinnamon, boiling 'water, and simmer 10 minutes. Dilute cornstarch with enough cold water to pour easily, add to prune mixture stir constantly while cooking 5 minutes. Remove cinnamon, add lemon juice, mold, then chill, and serve with top milk, cream, or custard.

"Every boy baby should have a quart of milk every day until he is tWentyone; every girl baby should have a quart every day until she has weaned her last child." - Sherman.

If at the end of the day you can say that you have caused no unhappiness to anyone you have met, that you have lessened no one's belief in life or mankind, that you have helped the disr couraged and added nothing to the vanity of the ostentatious, then you have done a decent day's work. - The London Express.

Our responsibility for children is based not alone on human aspirations, but it is also based upon the necessity to secure physical, mental and moral health and the economic and social progress of the nation. Every child that is delinquent in body, education, or character is a charge upon the community, as a whole, and a menace to the community itself. The children are the army with which we march to progress. - Herbert Hoover.