Anderson Township (part 3 of 4)

The first settlers upon the present soil of Anderson township were probably Abram or Abraham Covalt and companions, who pushed up the Little Miami in 1790 or 1791, and established a station on Round Bottom to protect themselves, about twelve miles@from the mouth of the river, as it runs. This was known as Covalt's ton. In the absence of the soldiers, however, Mr. Covalt, while hunting with two others, was attacked by the Indians, killed and scalped near the station. Wood was sent to Columbia village, and a relief party started out at once; but without much effect. Mr. Daniel Doty was of this party, and left some interesting notes of the affair. He then saw for the first time a scalped man, and was naturally much shocked. He records that "when a person is killed and scalped by the Indians, the eyebrows fall down over the eyeballs and give them a fearful look." ; The. following account of the killing of Covalt is

Towards noon on the first day in which Buckingham, Fletcher, and Covalt started on their hunt, Covalt began to get very uneasy and to urge the others to return home, saying there might be Indians about: The other two told him there was no danger, but this did not satisfy him. The nearer night approached the more importunate he became, and the more he urged them to return. This uneasiness in Covalt's mind Buckingham always viewed as a bad omen. His entreaties finally prevailed on the others and they consented to return. So they left the 'licks' in order to reach the station while it was yet daylight.

Arriving opposite to where Buckingham's mill now stands, while Covalt and Fletcher were walking close together, and Buckingham about three rods behind, suddenly three guns were fired about twenty yards distant. Buckingham looked forward and saw Covalt and Fletcher start to run down the Miami, and also saw three Indians jump over a log, yelling and screaming like demons. As Buckingham wheeled to run up the river he tried to throw off his blanket, but it hung over his shoulders like a powder-horn, as the strap passed over his head. When he did get it loose it took his hat with it. Heran up but a few poles, then took up the hill, the river and hill being close together. As he went up the hill he looked back several times, but saw no one in pursuit. When he artived on the top he got his gun ready for emergency, then stopped, looked back, and listened. While thus standing he heard the Indians raise the yell down in the bottom, thirty or forty rods distant, then he knew they had caught one or both of the others. When he found the Indians were that distance from him, he knew that he could make tracks as fast as they could follow him. So he steered over the hills and came to the Miami, at what is now Quail's railroad bridge. Getting to the station he found that Fletcher had got there a few minutes before him. By this time it was night.

Fletcher's story of the affair was that he and Covalt ran together some distance, when Fletcher's feet became entangled in a grape-vine, and down he fell, where he laid perfectly still until the Indians passed him. One passed close to him, no doubt thinking he had fallen to rise no more. And they all kept on in hot pursuit of Covalt. As soon as they got out of sight Fletcher made his escape down the river. Next morning a party of men left the station to look for Covalt. Arrived at the piace they found his body, his scalp, gun, tomahawk, powder-horn, blanket, knife, hat, and part of his clothes gone, and an old broken rifle left near his body. The Indian traces showed that they had crossed and re-crossed at Indian ripple. They were not traced any farther.

Enoch Buckingham (one of this party) continued with his family at Columbia, from the spring of 1790 to 1795. Some time this spring they moved into a log cabin on the banks of the Miami, on the lower Buckingham farm.

A Fortified Station

Probably as early as 1790, the eyes of some of the settlers, or newcomers to Columbia, were turned to the broad and fertile tracts in the valley east of the Little Miami, and a party of colonists soon attempted to make a home there. Their first settlement was opposite Turkey Bottom, at the foot of the hills on survey number five hundred and thirty-six, about a mile below the present site of Union ridge, on the land now owned by Colonel James Taylor. Here, for their protection against the Indians, as the custom then was, they built a small block-house, or stockade, which, from the principal man of the party, the father of the late John H. Gerard, exsheriff of Hamilton county, received the name of '"Gerard's Station." Other settlers to be protected by it are said, by Colonel Taylor, to have 'been Joseph Willramson, Stephen Betts, Stephen Davis, Major Stites, Captain Flinn, and others. He says that the block-house stood on the side of the hill near what is called Big spring, and not far from Flinn's ford across the Little Miami, which was on the principal land-route, in the early day, from Cincinnati and Columbia eastward. Stites and Flinn are reputed to have had at least one sharp fight with the redskins at this station. Some traces of it were to be observed until quite recent times.

Anderson township was erected by the court of general quarter sessions of the peace, in 1793. It was then bounded by the Little Miami to the east fork, from the mouth of which a line was described to a point nine miles east, thence another due south to the Ohio, and from the point of intersection the Ohio formed the boundary to the place of beginning. It must have been afterwards enlarged, as settlements increased, since It is otherwise said* to have included all of Hamilton county between the Little Miami and the Elk river, or Eagle creek. So lately as 1803 it is officially described as "all that part of Hamilton county east of the Little Miami river," which then, however comprised only the present limits of the township, or about the same. The voters were then to meet at the house of Thomas Browne, in Newtown, and elect three justices of the peace.

In the latter part of 1799 two townships were set off from the eastern part of the large old township of Anderson - Washington township, which included all the northern part of the present Clermont, and the south part of Warren county; and Deerfield township, which covered all the southern and central portions of Clermont and Brown counties to the aforesaid Eagle creek. The same year a county called Henry was set off by the territorial legislature along the river next east of the present Hamilton, with Durhamstown (now Bethel) as the county seat, but the act was negatived by Governor St. Clair, who pocketed it with several other bills of similar character, as he claimed that the legislature in passing them usurped his own prerogatives; the next year he, by proclamation, erected the desired new county in this direction by the name of Clermont, when Anderson township and Hamilton county, on the southeast, were reduced to their present boundaries.

Anderson, as the fifth township created in the old Hamilton county, was directed by the court of quarter sessions to take for its cattle-brand the letter E. The first township officers were as follows:

John Garrard, clerk; Jesse Garrard, constable; Richard Hall, overseer of roads; Joseph Frazee, Jacob Backoven, overseers of the poor; Joseph Martin, Jonathan Garrard, viewers of enclosures and appraisers of damages.

Early Settlement

Immigrants to the Miami county did not turn so readily to the Military district as to the Symmes Purchase and the Congress lands, since the titles to the latter were considered better and more reliable, and less likely to involve litigation. As early as 1790, some white settlers are believed to have set down their stakes within the limits of the present Anderson township; and, as we have seen, a fortified station against the Indians probably existed upon Anderson soil that year. The first settlements, according to Colonel James Taylor, of Newport, were made upon Bennett Tompkins' survey at the mouth of the Little Miami; Crittenden's survey, settled by Philip Turpin, near the present Union bridge; Powell's, Massie's, Richardson's, John Andersons', Bland's, and Moore's, and the surveys numbered one thousand five hundred and twelve and one thousand seven hundred and twentythree. Besides those named in connection with Gerrard's station and Philip Turpin, who was among the earliest, there were Isaac Vail, John Grimes, the Edwardses, Corblys, Debolts, Johnsons, Clarks, and Durhams, whose families were upon the soil of Anderson during the closing decade of the last century or the opening one of this. Settlers were not numerous, nor their improvements large, for obvious seasons, until after the pacification of the Indian tribes in 1794, by Wayne's victory at the battle of the Fallen Timbers. Many memoranda of individual settlements in the early day will be found in the paragraphs below:

Other Notes Of Settlement, Etc

Mr. John Betts, grandfather of George M. Betts, came He was of Irish descent, and emigrated from Pennsylvania to Ohio. John R. Betts, father of George M., was born in this township. For several years he was in the pork business in Cincinnati. His wife's name was Sarah S. Martin. She was a daughter of George Martin, who died in 1878, at the advanced age of ninety-three years. He was here when the old fort was at Columbia. His wife was a Rigdon. She was the first white child on the north side of the Little Miami river. Mr. John R. Betts had three children: George M., Elizabeth (Mrs. S. Burdsall), and Emma (Mrs. George Bike). The son is now superintendent of the Mount Washington Canning company, which cans from twelve to fifteen thousand cans of fruit and vegetables per year.

Aquila Durham was born in Maryland in May, 1779, and died in September, 1870, in his ninety-second year. He was the youngest of a family of eleven children, six of whom lived to be over eighty-five years of age. The family was noted for longevity. His father died at the age of ninety-six, and had six brothers and two sisters, each of whom lived to be over eighty. Their father came from Durham, England, in 1722, and settled in Maryland. Joshua Durham, father of the subject of this sketch, sold his estate and slaves in Maryland soon after the close of the Revolution, and started for the West. But, owing to the depreciation of the continental money, he and his family were obliged to remain in Pennsylvania several years. They arrived in Cincinnati in June, 1797, only eight years after its settlement, and pushed right out into the wilderness to make a settlement, and built a cabin in the Miami bottoms, about ten miles from Cincinnati. Aquila was then eighteen years old. He helped his father open a clearing in the woods, and, being a skilful hunter, kept-the family supplied with game. Many hardships were encountered ; but they were so accustomed to them that they seemed rather to enjoy the dangers of the chase and the hard labor and privations they had to undergo. When General Harrison was governor of the Indiana Territory, with headquarters at Vincennes, Aquila kept him supplied with sheep and cattle, which had to be driven through the unbroken wilderness. . Many thrilling adventures were experienced by his parties when on the road. Wild animals were troublesome at night, and the Indians were constantly on their path. In 1804 he was married to Harriet Thompson, daughter of Barnard Thompson,a Revolutionary soldier. Theysettled near his father's, and two years later moved upon the farm now owned by Thompson Durham. He lived on that farm for sixty-two years. They raised ten children, all of whom lived to be over forty-five years old. Seven of them still live. His wife died in 1868, after sixty-four years of married life. He voted in 1802 at the first election held in Ohio, and never missed an election as long as he lived. He attended the Cincinnati markets for almost sixty years, at first carrying his produce to market on hoseback, then in wagons to the river and thence ina boat. After roads were opened, he went through to the city in his wagon. Every Tuesday and Friday found him in the market. Many of the old citizens were his customers, and well remember him. It was his pride and boast that no one ever said he was not honest.

Walter Johnson settled in Anderson township in 1804, where his death occurred eighteen years after. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1782. He was a leading farmer, and was several times a member of the board of trustees of the school board. His wife was Anna Bridges, The surviving members of his family are Rebecca Cox, W. W. H. Johnson, Franklin Johnson, Hannah Cord, Charles Johnson, Walter R. Johnson, Anna Johnson, and Sallie Nofton. Charles Johnson's birth is dated in the year 1820. He has filled several township offices. He married Rebecca Corbley, and their children are John C.,, Walter R., Van R., and Leonidas.

Francis H. Jewett is the son of David Jewett. His mother's name was Eunice Rider. The father, who was born in Maine, emigrated from New York to Cincinnati in the year 1835. In the last named place, in 1840, the son was born. At the age of twenty-seven he was married to Catharine Henn. 'Three years later he began the dairy business in Covington, Kentucky, where he remained up to the year 1876, when he removed to his present place in Anderson township. He is said to possess excellent business qualifications - in fact is the successful owner and manager of the largest dairy in the township.

David Jones, and his wife, Mary S. Jones, emigrated from Virginia to the State of Ohio, and were among the first settlers in Anderson township, where the former died in

1872. Abner Jones, grandson of the preceding, was born in 1816. In 1849 he was married to Miss Emily Bennett, daughter of Samuel D. Bennett, of the same township. In politics he has always been a Democrat, and for twenty-four years has held the office of justice of the peace.

Mr. John Webb was taken to Cincinnati with his family early in 1790. He was born in Monmouth, New Jersey, four years previous to this time. His death occurred in Newtown, in 1857. His wife's maiden name was Hannah Frost. She was one year her husband's senior; her death occurred in 1857. The surviving members of the family are Sidney Webb, of Delta, Ohio, and L. A. Webb. of Anderson township. The last named son in 1840 married the daughter of John Frost, of Hamilton county. Ten years later he built the house in which he now resides, the site of which is said to be the highest elevation of land in Hamilton county. Among the leading farmers of the county the subject of our sketch holds a prominent position.

Michael Lawyer emigrated from New Jersey to Hamilton county in 1815, and thence to Clermont county in 1819. He was born in that State in 1771, married Nancy Martin, and remained in New Jersey about ten years after marriage, when he took his family across the mountains into Pennsylvania and settled in Green county, where they lived fourteen years. In 1815 they removed to the west, coming down the Ohio on a flatboat, commonly called a "family boat," and stopped at the mouth of the Little Miami. They resided in this valley four years, and then removed to Clermont county, where the father died in 1835, and the mother ten years afterwards. The surviving children are Catharine Paul, Isabella Becker, and Michael Lawyer. The last-named was born in 1812, and was consequently but three years old when his people landed in the Miami country. In 1839 he married Cynthia Robinson, daughter of John Robinson, and ten years thereafter removed from Clermont county to the farm he now occupies in Anderson township, where, in 1859, he built the fine residence in which hé makes his home.

Winfield S, Durham was born in 1817. His marriage occurred in 1844. The same year he built the home where he now lives in comfort, having secured a fine competence in the business of farming. His mother was Narcissa Wilmington, the daughter of Joseph Wilmington, of Clermont county. The parents of Mr, Durham first settled near the mouth of the Little Miami. They have six children living at the present time. ;

Isaac Edwards, born in New Jersey in the year 1800, was a settler of Clermont county, where he died in 1855. His wife's name was Alice Sawyer. They have three children now living, of whom William Edwards, jr., was born in 1830. He was married in May, 1863, to Miss Ellen Dole, of Olive Branch, in the same county, by whom he has nine children, all living. The next spring after his marriage he removed to the fine place he now occupies, immediately adjoining the Edwards station on the Cincinnati & Eastern railroad, in a handsome house upon the farm of his uncle, William Edwards, sr. Here he has devoted himself closely to his legitimate business of farming, without any turn for speculation or public life. He is now hard upon fifty years old, but is still in the prime of his powers, a strong man and an excellent farmer.

Samuel Johnson, father of James O. Johnson, was among the first who settled on Clough creek, where he remained during the rest of his lifetime. He was born in Virginia, from which State he emigrated to Ohio, and was a leading resident 'of Anderson township. His wife's name was Nancy Estel.

Joseph Martin settled in Anderson township as early as 1790. He was born in Bedford, Pennsylvania, whence he emigrated to Ohio. His death occurred in the same township in the year 1846. He was in the old blockhouse at Gerard Station. His wife was Miss Rebecca Gerard. Four children are still living, of whom their son, Gano Martin, was born in 1811. At the age of twenty-nine, he was married to Elizabeth Curry, the daughter of Colonel William Curry. They still live on the old homestead. Mr. Martin has always been in politics a Republican. ' Since 1840 he has been an active member of the Baptist church of Newtown, in which he has always taken great interest, and for the support of which his contributions have been no small part.

W. H. Markley was born in 1827, at the place where he now resides. He .married Catharine Silvers, with whom, surrounded by a large circle of friends, he enjoys his large farm and beautiful home. His father, Jacob Markley, first settled in Anderson township in 1814. He was born in West Maryland in 1803, but emigrated from Virginia to Ohio. He died in this township in the year 1879. He was a large land-owner, and also followed the business of boating on the river to New Orleans. His wife's maiden name was Emeline Martin. 'There are five children living at the present date.

Thomas Mears, a native of London, England, came to America and became a resident of Philadelphia about the year 1794. at a very early date, where he practiced law. His brother John was a coppersmith, at which trade he _ amassed a large fortune. Some branches of the family still remain in Cincinnati. In 1858 he was killed by being thrown froma carriage. His father, a physician, was a man of remarkable bravery. He died in the West Indies from yellow fever, where he was practicing at the time. He was a great traveller, and when the country was new is said to have driven from New Orleans to Cincinnati in a gig. The wife of Thomas Mears was Polly S. McCormick, daughter of Rev. Francis McCormick, one of the founders of Methodism in the west. The children of this marriage were William E. Mears; Francis Mears, of Clermont county; John Mears, of Anderson township; and Eliza C. Mears, now Mrs. Stoms, also of Anderson township; Esther Mears, afterwards Mrs. Whetstone, deceased; Isaac Mears, now in Colorado; and Patsy, who died in infancy. William was born in Columbia in 1835. Previous to 1875 he was a merchant a large part of the time. At that date he became a member of the postal corps, where he remains at the present. His wife was Miss Hannah A, Sutton.

Robert Martin was born in Ireland in 1772. He settled in Sycamore township in 1820, and died in Symmes township in the year 1850. He was educated for the ministry, but was a teacher the greater part of 'his life. His wife was Jane Luckey. The surviving members of the family are Belinda Clemmens, Jonathan T. Martin, and Dr. J.S. Martin. The last-named is a graduate of the Eclectic Medical institute, of Cincinnati, of the class of 1849. Since that time he has been practicing in the town of Mount Washington, with the exception of three or four years spent in the south and west. His present wife was Julia C. Bishop, of Anderson township. The have two children, Matilda Elms and Olive May Martin.

Absalom H. Mattox first settled in Springfield, Ohio, in 1840. Before this time he was one of the early settlers of central Ohio, serving as sheriff of Clark county from 1825 to 1830. He came to Cincinnati in 1865, and died ten years later. His business was that of a merchant. His wife was Drusilla Haskell, and the members of his family now living are Absalom H. Mattox and F. G. Mattox, the latter a lawyer by profession, and at present clerk of the United States court at Columbus. Absalom H. became associated with the editorial corps in 1872, where he still remains, and since 1865 he has been connected with the Cincinnati Gas Light company.

Isaac Turner was born in Virginia in the year 1780, but emigrated from Green county, Pennsylvania, to Ohio. He settled in Columbia township as early as 1816. His death occurred in Anderson township in July, 1833. He was considered a leading farmer at that time, and had a Gecided reputation for industry. His wife, Sarah Turner, died in 1848. The surviving children are Electa Highland, Rachel Martin, Michael Turner, and Syrena Light. - Michael Turner was born in 1809. At twenty-six years of age he was married to Nancy Flinn. They have six children living: Isaac D., J. J., George W., Anna E., John W., and E. J. He has remained on the old homestead and followed the business of farming the greater part of his life. At one time he was extensively engaged in pork-packing, in which he secured a fine competence.

Louis Drake was among the pioneers of Columbia township. Born in New Jersey, he emigrated from that State to. Ohio, where he died in 1832. He was in the War of 1812, and at different times filled several township offices. His wife's name was Elizabeth Kennedy. They had eleven children, only four of whom are now alive. 'T. 'IT. Drake was born in Columbia in 1818. He has tollowed the business of farming in a large way, and, having secured a good property, has now retired from active life. His present residence is in Newtown. His wife was Lydia Mills, and there are two children, Louis D. Drake and Ordelia L. McGill, both of whom are also residents of Newtown.

Martin Hess was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1803, from which State he emigrated to Anderson township in 1828, when he took immediate charge of the Turpin mills. He continued in his position, respected by all, for twenty-five years, and died in 1855. His wife - Eliza Flint previous to her marriage - was born in 1806, and is still living, at the advanced age of seventy-four. The children are Sarah Muchmore, Martin V. Hess, G. W. Hess, Lottie Searles, and Amanda Hess. Mr. M. V. Hess was elected township clerk in 1868. Two years later he became township treasurer, which office he has since held, with the exception of two years. He is the present incumbent.

Isaac Edwards emigrated from New Jersey to Ohio, and settled in Clermont county about 1805. 'Two years afterward he came to Anderson township, where he died in 1827, being a leading man of his time. His wife was Hannah Martin. She died in 837. The surviving children are William Edwards, of Anderson; Rebecca Horn, of Knox county; Elizabeth Day, of Van Buren county; Samuel and Edward Edwards, both of Anderson township. Edward Edwards was born in 1812, on the old homestead, where he yet lives. The farm consists of two hundred and ninety-six acres of rich bottom lands. His wife's name was Eliza Glansey. The children are Euphemia Jones, Laura Jewett, Harry Edwards, Melvin Edwards, and Clara Hammel, all living at the present time in Hamilton county.

William H. Ayres was born in the year 1849. Leaving school at the age of nineteen, he entered the employ of Mr. W. R. McGill, and still holds his position, respected by all who know him. The first representative of his family in Ohio was his grandfather, John Jones, whose wife was Hattie Durham before her marriage.

R. W. Hibben first settled in Anderson township in 1839. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, and came frem.that city to Ohio. He died in 1844. His wife's name was Rebecca E. Goodman, and they have seven children living. Duke G. Hibben, the son of the preceding, was born in South Carolina in 1829. At the age of ten he came to Anderson township, and still remains on the old homestead, surrounded by many friends.

Samuel Shaw settled at Newtown in 1828. He was a Pennsylvanian by birth, but emigrated from there to Ohio, where he lived until the time of his death in the year

1848. He was the proprietor of a hotel for thirty-one years. His wife was Isabel Jefferies. Five children are living. 'The son, Moses Shaw, was born in. .1833., ,In

Elisha Miller settled in Anderson township in 1812. He followed the business of blacksmithing and farming, and has given the art of wood carving a deal of attention, receiving a diploma for the finest carving on exhibition at the tri-State fair of Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan. He was married, in 183-, to Hester J. Hopper, daughter of Abraham, who is noticed elsewhere with the Hopper family. He is a man respected by all.

The oldest house remaining in the township is a hewed log house near the site of Gerard's station, which was built in 1805 by Josiah and Samuel Holley. It is much in repute as a veritable relic of the olden time, and one of the most venerable dwellings in Hamilton county.

Wilson's survey No. 2,204, at the rapids of the Little Miami, about two miles from its mouth and below the mouth of Clough creek, not far from the present site of Union bridge. Colonel Taylor says his father, General James Taylor, was at the mill in 1792; and further:

He went with'a servant with two bags of corn to have it ground. The mill, he said, was a rough affair, constructed out of two Kentucky flat-boats, which made meal of a very coarse character. He said travelling to that spot at that day was nofgconsidered very safe, as Indians had been seen a few days before on the trail leading to the mill from Fort Washington, and in fact had killed a man. Philip Turpin, who settled on Crittenden''s survey No. 410, about 1795, subsequently built a flouring-mill near the spot where Wickersham built his mill. Said mill stood there until within the last ten years, when (1870) it was torn down by his heirs. 4

The Turpin mill, which wasa very fine one for its day, and did excellent service for two generations, was built about 1805. In the same year the first ferry over the Little Miami was established in the vicinity by the Holleys before mentioned, which they leased for one hundred dollars in cash and one hundred gallons of whiskey. This beverage was then made in considerable quantity at a large distillery half a mile from Turpin's mill, upon or near the site of the old block-house.

All ferries across the river in this region have long since been superseded by bridges, the finest of which is the Union bridge, between Mount Washington and Linwood, so-called from the former union of Hamilton and Clermont counties in sustaining the expense of the construction of a bridge built in 1836, at the old Flinn's ford, about a mile below the present site of the bridge. It was a plain wooden structure, which was removed in 1875; and in that year and the next the fine suspension bridge now used was erected upon its more eligible site by the Cincinnati Iron Bridge company. Its expense, seventy-nine thousand eight hundred dollars, was sustained by Hamilton county alone, a bonded indebtedness being created therefor, -upon authority granted by the legislature. It is three hundred and fifty-three feet long, and every way a substantial and graceful structure. The river, on the Miami front of Anderson township, is also spanned -by two railway bridges, erected for the Cincinnati & Eastern and the Cincinnati & Portsmouth narrow-gauge railroads. There is also a wagon bridge for the turnpike near the mouth of the Little Miami, and another across the river at Plainville, from which a plank sidewalk 'connects it with Newtown - an improvement made by the enterprise and liberality of the citizens of the latter village.

Early Religion

'The Miami Island church, the second church of the Miami association in order of time (afterwards Little Miami Island church, and finally simply Miami), on one of the islands in the river of that name, was formed about 1795, by settlers of the Baptist faith removing from Columbia, and was served at first by Elder John Smith, of the latter place, who had then or a few years afterwards a mill at the island, about eight miles from Columbia. He was also pastor from 1801 to 1804. Elder James Lee was pastor from 1799 to 1801. Elder John Corbly, who had settled a few miles below Milford, preached here for some time afterwards. In 1808 Moses Frazer was called as pastor, and was still with the church when it was dismissed in 1816, with eight others, to form the East Fork Baptist association. James Jones was pastor in 1816. In 1799 the membership here was reported to the Miami association as sixty-two, nearly twice the number of any other church in that body, and almost exactly one-third of the entire membership of the association, although it then consisted of six churches. William Milner was a lay-delegate from this church to the meetings in 1797-8, to organize the association, and was on the committee to draft its "principles of faith, practice and decorum."

The venerated name of Rev. Philip Gatch will ever be associated with the records of pioneer settlement and early religious movements in Hamilton and Clermont counties. He was one ofthe most remarkable men of his time in the Little Miami valley. Mr. Gatch was born near Baltimore, Maryland, March 2, 1751, of Prussian stock on his father's side and Burgundian on his mother's. He was converted under Methodist influences in 1772; began to speak as an exhorter in the same year; the next year was sent into New Jersey as the first itinerant of the church ever sent into the State. He and the Rev. Mr. Walters, then laboring in Virginia and Delaware, were, indeed, the first preachers recruited for the Methodist itinerancy in this country. At the conference of 1774, held in Philadelphia, he was one of five received into full connection. January 14, 1788, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Smith, of Powhatan county, Virginia. much laborious and able service at the east, part of the time under severe persecution, being often threatened, once dangerously assaulted, and once plastered with tar, he engaged in farming for atime; emancipated his slaves in December, 1780, removed to Buckingham, Virginia, and improved a large farm. In 1798 he resolved to emigrate to the Northwest Territory, and set out for the land of hope October 11th, of that year, with his brother-in-law, . the Rev. James Smith, and family, and a near friend, Mr. Ambrose Ransom and his family. Thirty-six persons, white and colored, were in the colony. After many tribulations, by land and water, they reached the Little Miami valley. Says Mr. Gatch in his journal:

From Williamsburgh we passed on to Newtown, and for some days pitched our tents in Turpin's bottom, and there, with those who were with me, were accommodated with a small shop used by a mechanic. On Sunday morning after our arrival the boats landed. My heart was dissolved into love and gratitude to God for his care over us on our journey, and bringing us safely into this desirable and distant land. I rented a house in Newtown, and we were treated kindly by the people, though they cared little for religion. The land which I had taken in exchange for my farm in Virginia did not answer for a settlement, so I purchased a tract in the forks of the Little Miami rivér.

His residence in Anderson township was, therefore, brief, lasting only till the middle of the next February, when his cabin was finished and he moved beyond the East fork into it. His history thenceforth belongs mainly to Clermont county, which he served long and ably in public stations, as justice of the peace, associate judge of the court of common pleas, member of the first constitutional convention, and otherwise. He remained identified, however, with the religious interests of the lower Miami valley, preaching regularly at Newtown and other places, though not as a circuit preacher until circuits were regularly established and appointments made to them, and frequently preached thereafter. He died in the fullness of years and honors December 28, 1835, and 'was laid to rest beside his venerable wife, in the burying-ground upon his farm.

The conference did not appoint a preacher to Miami circuit in 1800. There were at the time four or five local preachers in the Miami country, and they went everywhere preaching the word. They systematized their operations, preached not only on Sabbath, but also on other days, held two-days' meetings, and kept up a routine of quarterly meetings. They were much encouraged in seeing the pleasure of the Lord prosper in their hands. Those popular meetings were held at different points, but most of them were held in the forks of the Miami, and it was matter of astonishment to see the numbers that attended; women would walk twenty and even thirty miles to attend them. The whole care devolved on three families; each would have frequently to provide for from fifty toa hundred people. The men at night quartered in barns and out-buildings, while the women lodged in the cabins.

It was a striking scene to witness the breaking up of one of these night meetings. The people, though coming from a distance, had no way of returning in the darkness but by dim paths or traces, some of which had been first formed by the tread of wild beasts. To obviate this difficulty they would procure fagots made of bark from the trees or splinters made fine and rendered highly combustible; these would be fired up on starting home, and in every direction they might be seen like so many meteors, bounding amid the thick forest and gilding the foliage of the loftiest trees, while the air would often be made vocal with their songs of rejoicing and praise.

Bishop McKendree, in one of his letters, speaks of a meeting at Mr. Gatch's house in June, 1802, which some women walked thirty miles to attend. A powerful revival occurred at this meeting. Another remarkable service was held in 1805, under an awning in front of Mr. Gatch's cabin, by Bishops Asbury and Whatcoat, and their travelling companion, the Rev. J. Crofford. When each of these had preached at the same service, it was insisted by Bishop Asbury that Mr. Gatch should preach also, which made four sermons in succession. And yet, says Mr. Gatch, ''so precious was the word of the Lord in those days that the congregation evinced no uneasiness, but paid the greatest attention to all the discourses." He elsewhere writes: 'The first circuit that was formed here extended over a tract of country from the Ohio up the Miami rivers to Mad river, and the labors of the preachers who travelled it were great. Now [1827] there are seven circuits within the bounds of the first one." The quarterly meetings were held commonly at the house of Mr. Gatch, when his patient, devoted wife would have to provide for the entertainment of fifty to one hundred persons.

Aaron Hopper, fruit and produce commission merchant, Cincinnati, Ohio, is a native of Anderson township. His father, Abraham, settling in the centre precinct of that town about the year 1812, having moved from New Jersey to that place, he carried on blacksmithing for about twenty years, but finally purchased four or five hundred acres of land, and farmed quite extensively before he died, which was about the year 1867. His wife died in 1861. They raised a family of twelve children, five of whom are still living, near Mount Washington, Aaron Hopper was born in 1820; was raised a farmer, receiving such education as the winter schools of his day afforded. He began the produce business some fifteen years ago on a small scale, more, however, own farm than as a general business. For this work the winter seasons were the time, the summer time being spent on the farm; but as years advanced experience in the business was gained, and now the store-room is kept open during the twelve months in each year. In 1875, Mr. Hopper was elected county commissioner, which position he held until 1878. As one of the custodians of the county he manifested considerable interest in its welfare during his stay in office, and, notwithstanding the bribes by the hatful that were offered him, is proud of his clear record when he retired. He has filled other positions of trust, having been in officefor fully twenty years, as township trustee or clerk, etc.

Abraham Hopper, salesman in a commission house on Sixth street, was born in 1825; has his residence near Mount Washington, where he owns.a valuable farm, and was married to a Miss Johnson, of that vicinity.

J. R. Silvers, of Anderson township, book-keeper for the Cincinnati Grange supply house, Third street, Cincinnati, was born April 2, 1857 ; completed his education in Lebanon, Ohio, and in Bryant and Stratton's commercial college. He was raised a farmer, but after teaching school six years, became shipping clerk for a fruit house on Sixth street, and afterwards for the Grange supply house. He was married in 1877 to Miss Emma Johnson, of Mount Carmel, Clermont county, Ohio, and has two children. His grandfather, John Silvers, came to Anderson township in an early day from New Jersey. His wife was Catharine Springer, relation of Jacob Springer, the wealthy citizen of Wilmington, Delaware. Of the six children raised, Joseph E., J. R. Silver's father, born tenth of March, 1825, was the fourth child, and a well-known citizen of Anderson township. He was married to Sarah Hawkins, of the same place, in 1850, by whom he had seven children - the subject of this sketch being the second child.

Moses S. Shaw, formerly a teacher but now a prosperous farmer residing in California, is one of the best known men in Anderson township. Intelligent and humorous, he counts his many friends all over the eastern part of Hamilton county. Mr. Shaw has always taken an active interest in school affairs, and by his hilarious good nature has done much to keep down the political animosities of old Anderson. Mrs. Shaw, an estimable woman, is the granddaughter of Ignatius and Antoinette Ross, old settlers at Columbia in the early days. The graves of these old pioneers may be seen on a beautiful knoll near the Ohio, in eastern California. They died, the wife in 1827 and the husband in 1829. It is related by one of the old folks, that once upon a time Mrs. Ross was engaged boiling maple syrup, on what is now the town site of California, when, during momentary absefice, 'the Indians stole the syrup and broke the kettles. At another time, when the Indians were threatening an attack, Mrs. Ross buried the family treasures, gold and silver, in an old kettle. . It was never taken up, and is yet to be plowed out by some astonished farmer.

Aaron Hopper lives near Mt. Washington, and owns the splendid farm known as "Fruit Hill." He was born in Anderson township in 1818; was county commissioner in 1875-76-77; and has served near thirty years in township offices as trustee and on the board of education. His father, Abram Hopper, came from New Jersey to Anderson in 1812, and with Morris Sharp and James Stagg bought large tracts of land in 1814. Mr. Hopper. is a public-spirited man, doing much for the comfort, good name and happiness of the neighborhood. He is also engaged as fruit dealer and produce merchant in Cincinnati.

Dr. W. W. Highlands, of Newtown, was born in Columbia township, and came to Anderson in 1849. He was a surgeon in the late war. The doctor is an intelligent and estimable gentleman who has practiced about thirty years in Anderson township. He has served many years in the board of education at Newtown, and is now superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Sundayschool. ;

F, W. Boye, of Mount Washington and of the firm of A. A. Colter & Co., wholesale and retail grocers, of Main and Sixth streets, was born in Hanover, Germany, in the year 1833. In 1849 his father, with his family, emigrated to America, and came directly to Marietta, Ohio, where he run a mill, also carried on farming, but F. P. Boye found a situation in a store, where he obtained his first ideas of carrying on business. In 1857 he came to Cincinnati and kept the books for B. P. Baker & Co., corner Walnut and Columbia streets, and afterwards for Mill & Kline, No. 56 Main street, and in 1862 came here, and in 1863 became a member of the firm. In 1863 he married Miss Sallie Colter, sister of A. A. Colter, the wellknown grocer. He resides in Mount Washington in an elegant, substantial homestead of that place.

Cyrus Broadwell was born May 9g, 1801, in Anderson township. He spent part of his life in the south, from 1825 till 1830. He and his brother Jacob opened the first boat-store in Cincinnati, at the corner of Sycamore and Front streets, where they succeeded in building up a flourishing business, which continued until the death of Jacob, in 1840. Cyrus then retired to his farm, near Newtown, where he resided until his death, March 31, 1879. His generosity for all religious and charitable purposes is well known.

Carvil Hawkins, one of the oldest citizens of the township, was born in what is now Cincinnati, but was then outside of the corporation, June 24, 1813, and married Achy Shinn March 24, 1833. Mrs. Hawkins was born May 26, 1815. His mather is still living at the advanced age of eighty-five. Mr. Hawkins began life as a poor orphan boy, his father dying before he was born. He worked on the Little Miami bottoms when thirteen years old for eighteen and three-fourths cents per day, and is now one of the solid men in Anderson, owning two hundred and fifty acres of good, tillable land, and more than half a dozen dwelling houses. His entire life has been spent ia the pursuits of industry, buying timbered farms, having the trees burnt into charcoal, and hauling it to Cincinnati, trading in all' kinds of merchandise, and all the while engaged in farming. A great portion of his wealth was made im the thirteen years he was engaged in coal dealing. He is one of the men who have grown from childhood to old age in this county. He saw Cincirinati in its infancy, the first locomotive which entered the city, and Main and Sycamore streets when but a long row of stumps, and a rough bluff was at their foot, and when there were but six houses between Deer creek and the Little Miami river. Mr. and Mrs. Hawkins are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church, are known and admired throughout the county for their Christian charity, and esteemed for their interest in all philanthropic endeavors.

Leonard Armstrong Webb was born February 7, 1826, on the island north of Newtown, and married May 16, 1846, Penthesilea Frost, in Harrison township, threefourths of a mile west -of the old Lee's Creek Baptist church in this county. By this union three daughters have been born - Gertrude, Adelaide, and Martha Vanelia. Mr. Webb is grandparent of one child. Educationally, he dwelt altogether in ourcommon schools. Religiously, he has been a member of the Regular Baptist church forty-one years. His father came from Monmouth county, New Jersey, in 1793. His mother, whose maiden name was Hannah Frost, came from Berkeley county, Virginia, at the same date, from Bunker Hill, a little town situated between Martinsburgh and Winchester. Mr. Webb owns a well-arranged farm of one hundred and seventeen acres, and according to good authority his dwelling occupies the highest point in the county. Charles Johnson was born in Anderson township, December 11, 1819, and married Rebecca Corbly October 17, 1841. He is the father of five sons, four of whom are living. He is of Scotch extraction on his father's side, who came from Pennsylvania in 1790, and settled in this county. His mother is of Yankee descent, was Anna Bridges in her maiden days, and was the first white child who crossed over into Anderson township and settled permanently with her parents. Mrs. Johnson is of German origin on the line of her father, and from her mother received English blood. By trade Mr. Johnson is a carpenter, 'but is now particularly engaged in farming and fruit-growing. He is one of those men who. obtained his knowledge outside of colleges and academies, but has that rare culture which comes from experience. During the early years of the war he raised a company of volunteers, was elected captain, and served with his men in the Seventieth Ohio regiment for three years. Among the township offices he held are such as justice, school director, and other positions, which show the estimation in which he is looked upon by the people. Richard Ayres was born March 17, 1817, in the southeast corner of Anderson township, in sub-school-district No. 3, and married December 27, 1842, Matilda Archer, of Clermont county. He is father of eight children five sons and three daughters - two dead. Mr. Ayres during his entire life has been engaged in farming, but dealing a good deal in real estate. He began with seventy-live acres to which he fell heir by his father's death, (the latter came from Maine in 1800), and ended with seven hundred and twelve acres. Mr. Ayres' father was a ship carpenter, the son of a Hollander. His mother was Priscilla Durham, born in Hamilton county, but was of English extraction, Her mother came from Maryland. He has been an important influence in the common schools, and has taken an active part in religious

Abner Gerard Hahn, born in Newtown May 9g, 1812, was married December 23, 1838, to Lucinda Barrow. By trade Mr. Hahn is a blacksmith, in which business he continued for twenty years. In 1836 he was a tradesman in Cincinnati, but since that time has been employed mainly in farming at Newtown. About 1844-5 he was one of the trustees of Anderson township, and at several other times has held two or three minor offices. His entire life has been spent in the vicinity of his birthplace, making him one of the very oldest residents. His descendants 'will not feel ashamed of their ancestor.

John J., the father of William Ferris, came from Greenwich, Connecticut, in 1812, and settled at Linwood, where he lived until his deathin 1857. Mr. Ferris is among the first families, and has often filled public offices. Hope M. Brown, father of Mrs. Ferris, was a practitioner of medicine at Newtown for forty years, receiving a diploma from the Miami Medical college. On the side of the husband farming has prevailed, while Mrs. Ferris' people have followed medicine.

William Meldrum Ferris, the subject of this sketch, was born at Linwood October 19, 1832, and married Sarah A. Brown May 22, 1861, by whom two children have been born, both girls. Mr. Ferris' life has been spent on a farm from early childhood, except two years as a student at Farmers' college. He is now employed in surveying, engineering and improving real estate. He ceased to farm in 1868. Linwood, principally through his efforts, has been made what it is, he being one of the first who realized profits from the sale of lots.

Abram Bogart was born December 25, 1812, in New Jersey, twenty miles from New York, in Bergen county, and came to Anderson township in 1814. There he has remained ever since. He married Patsy Bridges September 22, 1836, and is father of eight children, all of whom are living, and all married. He has been a farmer from boyhood. He saw Cincinnati when forest trees stood on Fourth and Fifth streets, and saw the high water of 1832 on Pearl street. He played in a locust grove on the beach of Cincinnati on what was called Western Row, now Central avenue. Mrs. Bogart was educated ina log school-house, with greased paper window panes. Her father came from New England and her mother from Virginia. John Bridges, her grandfather, was the first white man who built a house in Anderson. Both have been members of a Christian church for more than forty years. He has dividéd his property among his children, and now lives retired, but is superintendent of the Clough turnpike. He is respected by everybody.

Gano Martin was born February 4, 1811, and has been married three times - first to Elizabeth A. Curry, by whom six children were born, two of whom are living, one son and one daughter. Mrs. E. A. Martin died October 31, 1851. Second, to Mrs. Elizabeth Hulick, whose maiden name was Nash, April 29, 1852. BY this marriage three sons were born, all of whom still live, the eldest being married. Mrs. Martin died June 20, 1865. Third, to Rachel Highlands, April 5, 1866. Educationally, he received his instruction in an old hickory log school house; religiously, his family from the beginning devoted themselves to the Baptist church. Mr. Martin joined this denomination in 1844, and was elected deacon in 1846, which office he yet holds. In politics he has always served his country first. He was paymaster under the old regimental system for six years; has been a school director for twenty odd years; during the Rebellion was township trustee, and one of those who forced the payment of the township loan of fifteen thousand dollars for war purposes to be paid at one taxation. In the Eastern railway he granted the right of way through most of his farm, and took shares in the capital stock. In 1879 he received a stroke of paralysis, from which he is still a sufferer. But, all in all, he will leave behind him an honorable record.

tive State, New Jersey. His father was born in Virginia. His wife's father, Abraham Hopper, was a native of New Jersey. Her mother's maiden name was Sarah Conklin, a native of Ohio, born in this county. Christopher C. Johnson was born December 8, 1837; his wife, Joanna F. Johnson, April 17, 1843. They were married October 5, 1865. Their son, Ogden E. Johnson, was born December 10, 1867. October 16, 1874, was the birthday ot their daughter, Carrie E. Johnson. All of the family were born in this county, and still reside here. Mr. Johnson followed the occupation of teacher in the common schools of Anderson township for ten years, and since 1868 has been engaged in farming. i

John D. Moore, born in 1836 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Came to Cincinnati in 1838; learned the shoe business in early life with E. G. Webster & Company. Remained in the shoe business until 1865 - the preceding ten years being on Central avenue near Sixth street. Retired to a suburban life at Madeira. Not being suited to an inactive life he drifted into the real estate and building interest, being instrumental in subdividing and building the principal part of the town of Madeira, and engaged in improving his vacant property in Cincinnati. At present and for a number of years superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Sunday-school at Madeira. Elected member of the board of education for three terms. Married to Miss Rachel Mann, of Indian Hill, now Madeira, in 1858, daughter of Joseph B. and Catharine Mann. Both of their parents, John Mann and wife and Jacob Hetzler and wife, settled here in the last cenury..

Major J. B. Mann was born in 1804, and died in 1860 on the same tract of land his parents settled upon. Catharine Hetzler, his wife, was born in 18or, near by, and died on the same tract of land in 1875 - now the residence of J. D. Moore. Major J. B. Mann was a successful farmer and business man; a public spirited citizen; a member of the Methodist Episcopal church at Indian Hill; and is holding positions of trust in the community.

Charles S. Muchmore, an enterprising and well-to-do farmer near Madisonville, was-born in Hamilton county in 1831. His grandfather removed from New Jersey to Madisonville about the year 1800. His father, David Muchmore, about the year 1820, married Miss Sarah Stites, niece of Judge Symmes and daughter of Benjamin Stites. David was born in 1777; his wife was born in 1776. They reared a family of six children, Charles being the only son now living. He was reared on the farm, in which business he has been careful and very successful, and is, in matters of an agricultural character, regarded by his fellows as authority. He was married to Miss Alvira Leonard January 14, 1855, daughter of a wellknown and prominent citizen of Hamilton county. Mr. Muchmore has been a member of the board of education of the Madisonville schools for the past fourteen years.

William Davis Mundell

William Davis Mundell, of the firm of Short & Mundell. wholesale and retail grocers and produce dealers, 102 East Pearl street, was born near Mt. Washington, Anderson township, September 17, 1825. Jonathan Mundell, his grandfather, was one of the original settlers of the county; he came from Virginia to Ohio before the day log school-houses were erected, it being necessary then for the young philomatheans to assemble in squads at some convenient place and by mutual consent teach one another. Mr. Mundell was a gunsmith, a man of some genius, and one who could render service to his fellows in the early pioneer days. He settled with his family, consisting of himself, wife and five children, near Mt. Washington about the year 1795. Some pear trees planted by him soon after his arrival are still standing. He died about the year 1830. James Mundell, his son, and father of William Davis Mundell, was about two years of age when his father moved on this farm; he was reared a farmer, possessed no educational advantages, his time being taken up in tilling the land and warding off the hostile Indians, who were sometimes troublesome. In 1812 he served in the war, and received an honorable discharge from the service when it ended. In r8x5 he was married to Miss Mary McMahon daughter of Francis and Mary McMahon, pioneer settlers of Columbia township. The old log house, her birthplace, which was then occupied by her parents, is still standing - weatherboarded now - as a relic and tenement of the early days of Columbia. Mrs. Mundell was the mother ot eleven children, eight boys and three girls, ten of whom lived to man and womanhood - Mary, Catharine, Andrew, Hugh, William Davis, Jackson W., John R., Martha A., Isaac N., and Oscar C. With so large a family, the duties incumbent upon her were truly irksome, but she was blessed with more than ordinary will and courage, and having that large hope so characteristic of the pioneer parents, did not become, with all her hardships, disheartened with her lot. The religion of Christ was her support in every trying hour, and her children, once a charge and a responsibility, lived to be her comfort, and to cheer her declining years and dying hour.

Adjacent to the town on the mound near her father's cabin was the old Baptist church - probably the first church in southwestern Ohio - to which pss of worship, when a ittle child, she was often wont to wend her way with her parents to attend religious service. In those days it was the custom and necessity to goarmed, and her fatheralways took with him his faithful rifle and stood sentinel at the door or.house corners, with, others, to guard against the approach of hostile Indians, while the minister, old men, women and children would hold worship in the house, How many of us, in this our day, would go to church if attended with the dangers that our pioneer fathers had to encounter?

Mrs. Mundell was born in Columbia township, Hamilton county, Ohio, April 25, 1797; Was married in 1815; joined the Methodist Episcopal church at Salem, Ohio, in 1840; and died at the residence of her son, Hugh Mundell, Clermont county, Ohio, January 27, 1874, aged seventy-seven years. James Mundell died about the year 1853. William Davis Mundell was reared on the farm near Mt. Washington. He attended school in a log house in the Salem neighborhood a few weeks or months each winter, and frequently religious worship at the same place on Sundays - the same house being used for both purposes. In the year 1843 he apprenticed himself toa Mr. Joseph Hime to learn the blacksmith trade, and was to receive about thirty dollars a year for three years for his services. The full time was served, with the exception of the last three months, which he bought off from his employer that the might attend school, feeling the need of a better education. The instruction received during these three months proved to be of incalculable benefit to him in after years. He afterwards opened up a shop in Mt. Washington, being the first blackemith of that place. In 1850 Mr. Mundell and his brother Hugh organized a company, of six persons in all, from Mt. Washington, to cross the plains for California. The wagon for the trip was made by Mr. Mundell and Davis Whippy (one of the company), apd was so constructed that it could be used asa boat when crossing rivers. They left Cincinnati for St. Joseph, Missouri, March 25, 1850, by steamer, and at that place lay in wait three weeks organizing a force of forty wagons of six horses each. At Fort Kearney the company disbanded, seven teams proceeding along the northern Pacific route v/a of Fort Laramie to the Humboldt river, from which place the original six from Mt. Washington, after throwing away their wagon, and finally Mr. Mundell and his brother alone, proceeded, crossing the desert on packhorses, a distance of forty miles, going over in the night time and reaching Carson river in the morning - Sunday - where they rested and also laid in a supply of provisions, paying for six pounds of flour the snug sum of nine dollars. At Sacramento City they sold their stock and footed it up into the mountainous region ona mining expedition, but got sick and soon returned to Sutler's Fort, where, on account of a severe illness of some two months' duration, the doctor advised a trip on the sea as necessary to a speedy return to health. They accordingly set themselves adrift ina sail vessel on the Pacific ocean, where it was becalmed for three weeks, and being disgusted with such slow progression the brothers, upon putting in at Acapulco, went aboard a steamer, reaching Panama in December, 1850, after being on the water twenty-seven days. They crossed the isthmus to Shager's river on mules, paying forty dollars for their transit. At this point they took canoes to the mouth of the river, where, in company with about sixty others, they set sail in the schooner Thorne for New Orleans. The Mundell brothers had already experienced sore disappointments in their trip west, but the trying ordeal was yet to come. The little vessel when fairly out at sea encountered one of those tremendous and tempestuous storms, and for three days and nights was driven like a feather ina gale, and turned up finally on a coral island in the Carribean sea. The captain had lost his reck-- oning and the vessel had been driven far out of its course and among the many dangerous coral reefs with which these waters are filled. At first, upon the stranding of the vessel, the captain supposed the bark would go to pieces in half an hour and ordered the mate to scuttle the fresh water baths, but he disobeyed orders, and this probably saved the lives of the crew as the ship was resting with one side on the reef in about four feet of water, the depth of water on the other side could not be ascertained. Lots were now cast for occupancy in the long-boat, there being" but the one and that only large enough to hold six or eight persons, and these were to be taken to a little barren egg-shaped island full fifteen miles off before it could be returned for another load. The Mundell brothers were by lots cast destined to wait till the last ones. Everything shadowed forth a precarious condition, and in an act of deseration they tore off loose ards from the side of the vessel with which the constructed a scow, hastily built but large enough to accommodate about fifteen, and in this frail structure they reached the island. The crew were all saved; provisions and water at the rate of one-quarter rations were divided among them. The captain upon taking his reckoning found that they were about one hundred miles from Old Town (?) (Balize), Honduras, and that it would také at least eight days to go for rescue and return. But the time from the stranding of the vessel (2 o'clock in the morning) until their rescue was about fifteen days, but deliverance carried them to Balize, from which place they sailed in a few days for New Orleans. Their stay on the barren island. was attended with other dangers than those of abandonment and desolation. They were on one-fourth rations and water, and in a feverish and, to them, overheated, torrid clime, but fortune favored them with one or two showers, and the tents being up the rain-drops were collected and carefully saved. The island furnished the iguana, a species of lizard, and the couch which were of great use to them for food. At New Orleans Mr. Mundell and his brother took a steamer for Cincinnati, but, to make the circuit of accidents complete, we are in truth bound to say that the vessel was snagged in the river. But despite ill fortune they reached home about March 1, 1851, and Mr. Mundell again resumed work at his trade. In1852he married Miss Pattie C. Corbley, and has since lived in Mt. Washington. During the war he served asa recruiting officer for some time, and during the Kirby Smith raid was made captain by the unanimous voice of the company, but was immediately afterwards put in charge of the regiment as colonel.

mere lad. He walked in the funeral procession of George Washington in 1799, and afterwards in that of Alexander Hamilton. Has passed through all the presidential campaigns from Washington to that of Garfield. Came to Cincinnati at an early day; was one of the original members of the Pioneer association and possessing more than ordinary powers of mind. Has passed through many. and varied experiences of life since that time, having always taken an active part in matters of public concern, and has always been considered a very prominent man. He lives to-day a great-grandfather and possesses more than mere ordinary faculties of mind and body.

Charley B. Lewis, proprietor of bakery and lunchroom, 193 West Sixth street, came from Portsmouth, Ohio, to Cincinnati in the year 1861. His father, Thomas C. Lewis, now living, owned the rolling mills of that place, the only ones then west of Pittsburgh, in which mills Charley learned the business of machinist. The property is now owned by his brother-in-law, George Baylis, who is probably one of the wealthiest men of the State. Mr. Lewis was for three years after coming to Cincinnati a driver of a bakery wagon, for which he received one dollar a day. From this he was promoted to a clerkship, and in 1866 bought out the entire business, since which time he has owned it himself. He also owns the building No. 206.

Mill Creek

Rey. Jerome Kilgersteen, in charge of St. Aloysius Orphan asylum, was born in Cincinnati February 22, 1847, his parents being early settlers of this city. Our subject graduated from the St. Francis college in June, 1863, and was ordained in'1870. His first charge was to St. George, of Corryville; thence to St. Stephen, of Hamilton, Ohio. From there he came to his present appointment, which he has been filling very faithfully since.

John Henry Dahman, superintendent of the German Protestant cemetery, was born in Hanover, Germany, May 27, 1836. He came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1853, coming direct to Cincinnati. He was a soldier in the late civil war, enlisted in the Second Missouri cavalry, company C, where he served for four years and nine days, being mustered out as sergeant of company C. He did good service, and was honorably mustered out. He then returned to Cincinnati, where he has remained since. In February, 1879, he was appointed superintendent of the cemetery, in which position he is giving entire satisfaction, gaining the good-will of all. He has made a good many improvements in the cemetery, and it is to-day one of the handsomest and neatest cemeteries.

Anton Barkly, florist, near the German Protestant cemetery, was born in the grand duchy of Baden, January 15, 1823. He came to America and landed in New Orleans in 1846, then went to Polk county, Tennessee; in 1847 came to Cincinnati; and in 1849 went to Nashville, Tennessee, and engaged in the gardening business. In 1863 he returned to Cincinnati, from which time his gardening business here dates. Of late years he has given his attention to the florist business,, of which he.is making a good success. He has two hot-houses in good order, one sixty by thirteen feet in size, and the other eleven by forty feet. Mr. Barkly's father was a large grower in the old country; he was also a soldier under Napoleon, and participated in the battle of Waterloo. He died in Polk county, Tennessee, at ninety-six years of age.

Christian Henning, florist, near the German Protestant cemetery, was born in Hanover, Germany, March 3, 1834, where he learned the art of landscaping, gardening and florist, working at different private places on the Rhine. He then camie to the United States, and landed in Baltimore. In December, 1860, he came to Cincinnati and accepted a position with one of the leading florists of Cincinnati, where he remained for some fifteen months. He afterward was gardener for some of the leading private families of the city. Then he accepted a position with the German Protestant cemetery, where he remained for thirteen years, during which time he superintended the laying out of the grounds and the erection of the buildings; after which he began his present business. Mr. Henning has just begun in the business, but is meeting with good success, ranking as a number one florist.

John D. Seefried, florist, near the German Protestant cemetery, was born on the old homestead where he is now engaged in business, March 11, 1857, and is the son of John and Margaret Seefried, who came to Hamilton county and located on this farm at an early day. Dur -subject is a practical florist. He worked at his trade as a florist in some of the leading private places around Cincinnati. In 1877 he purchased his present business, which had been operated for some years before his purchase. Mr. Seefried has three hot-houses, size seventeen by fifty, fourteen by fifty, and eleven by fifty. He is an active worker, and is meeting with fair success in his enterprise.

Henry Bertrand, florist, near the German Protestant cemetery, was born in Brunswick, Germany, August 19, 1839. Learning the florist's art in his native country, he followed this business in Leipsic, Brunswick, and Hanover, in some of the leading gardens. He then sailed for America, landing in New York city in August, 1865; thence to New Jersey, where he remained some eight months; thence to Louisville; and in 1866 he came to Cincinnati. Here he was engaged as a private gardener and florist in two of the finest private places in Cincinnati, where in the later years he was as manager. He then began his present business, now occupying three buildings, and it is perhaps one of the best and most complete houses in the florist business. Mr. Bertrand is a practically educated florist, standing at the head of his profession. He was appointed as one of the judges of the florist department of the Cincinnati exposition, where he gave entire satisfaction.

Reinhold Schaefer, florist, at the rear of the stock yards, was born in Germany in 1850. At fifteen years of age, he began to learn the florist business. He spent some four years in the city of Berlin, being foreman of private gardens. He made a study of landscape gardening. In 1872 he came to the United States, and worked at his trade in Brooklyn, New Haven, Cleveland, thence to Cincinnati, where he worked six years for H. Harline, one of the leading florists, three years as foreman. In _1879 he commenced his present place, which, for a new place, is one of the most attractive, having two hottwelve by thirty-two feet. good improvements on his new place, and is doing a very profitable business.

William Schilling, gardener, was born in Hanover, Germany, September 15, 1831. He came to the United States and landed in Baltimore in 1858, coming thence direct to Cincinnati; commencing to work at the gardener's business in 1858, which business he has continued ever since, moving to his present place in 1868, consisting now of four and one-fourth acres of fine, improved land, which property he accumulated by hard work and good management in the garden business. Mr. Schilling has been married twice - the first time in 1860, to Miss Sophie Voss, a native of Germany. From this union five children were born. Mrs. Schilling died about 1877. He afterward married his present wife, Sophia Righfeld. She is a native of Germany.

William Hockstedt, gardener, was born in Prussia, September 3,1832. He came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1849, thence went direct to Cincinnati. He then went on a farm in Delhi township, Hamilton county, where he remained until about 1856, when he commenced gardening, which business he has continued ever since. In 1865 he moved to his present place, which is a fine, improved gardening farm, which improvements were made principally by Mr. Hockstedt. He was married in Delbi township April 30, 1852, to Miss Louisa Kolthoff, who was born in Prussia, Germany, in

- 1831, coming to Hamilton county in 1852. By this marriage they have one child, William H., who was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, August 3, 1859. Mr. Hockstedt owns nearly seventeen acres of fine land situated near Cumminsville.

. Frederick Parker was born in England in 1818. In 1839 he came from England to America, and made his first home in Mill Creek township, Hamilton county, Ohio. Margaret Langland, his wife, was born in 1820. They have had six children - four are now alive - David F., Mary F., William, and Alexander L. David is the only one married. The names of children not living are Sarah and John. Mr. Parker has been for some time employed in the lumber trade.

Herman Henry Fricke, gardener, was born in Prussia, December 15, 1824. He came to the United States and landed in Baltimore in 1847, coming direct to Cincinnati, arriving here December 25, 1847. Coming here he commenced to work on a farm as a laborer. In about 1849 he embarked in the garden business, which he has continued ever since. He moved to his present place in 1861, which is a very fine garden farm of twelve acres, located near Cumminsville. Mr. Fricke married in Cincinnati Miss Mary Liella, of Cincinnati, Ohio.

By this marriage they have nine children. Mr. Fricke was trustee of Mill Creek township for two years, filling this office with acknowledged ability. He is a member of the German Protestant church.

Edward Morris, gardener near Winton place, was born in Realm of St. David, North Wales, July In 1832 he came to the United States and located in Washington county, Maryland, where he remained until 1839, when he moved to Cincinnati. Here he was engaged for several months as stage driver to Lebanon, Ohio. He worked for John Kilgore in the gardening business for some six years. -In 1847 he entered the gardening business for himself; has been locacated on the present place for the last twenty-seven years. Mr. Morris married, in 1847, Miss Jane Watson, of England. She came to Cincinnati in 1831. By this marriage they have nine children.

Thomas Cope, gardener, residence near Winton place, was born in Staffordshire, England, in about 1803 or 1804. He came to the United States and landed in Philadelphia in 1829; remained in Pennsylvania, until 1832, when he came to Cincinnati, Hamilton county, which has been his home ever since, with the exception of four years in Iowa. In 1840 Mr. Cope commenced gardening. In 1866 he moved to his present place of six acres. Mr. Cope is one of the oldest gardeners around Cincinnati. He married in Cincinnati, in 1834, Miss Jane Lister, of England. She came to Cincinnati in 1831.

| She is the only one living of the family. By this marriage they have eight children living; had one son in the late civil war; he enlisted in the Second United States artillery. He wasa brave soldier. In 1862 he was killed at the battle of Hanover Court House, Virginia.

Lawrence Kessel, gardener, residence near Winton Place, was born in Germany and is the son of J. Kessel, who was born in Byron, Germany, in 1820, where he married Miss Susan Deal. They, with three children, in 1854, came to the United States and landed in New York city; thence direct to Cincinnati. Here he commenced to work as a private gardener, working in Clifton and suburbs, then in business for himself on a piece of land where the toll-gate is located - Spring Grove - thence moved to the place where our subject is now gardening. Here he continued gardening up to his death, which occurred in about 1878, He was respected and honored for his liberal and honest dealings. Leaving a good estate, Mr. Lawrence Kessel is working on the old homestead.

Henry Beckmann, a gardener, was born in Prussia, February 21, 1826.- He came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1855. From there he came to Cincinnati, and has been a resident of Hamilton county ever since. Coming here very poor, he went to worx as a hired man. After working by the day for about two years, he purchased a piece of land and began gardening for himself, and to-day owns a fine improved property of-over nine acres of Jand situated near Cumminsville which he has accumulated by hard work at the gardening business. Mr. Beckmann was married in Cincinnati in 1856, to Miss Louisa Weded. She was borr

F. Varnan, gardener, was born in Germany, March 1, 1833. He cametothe United States and landed in New York city in 1848. From there he came directly to Cincinnati, commencing to work at the gardener's business which he has continued ever since. He came here in meagre circumstances, and to-day owns one of the best improved gardening farms in Mill Creek township, consisting of five and a half acres of land.. Mr. Varnan was married in Cincinnati, to Miss Caroline Coldhof. She was born in Germany, having come to Cincinnati in 1851. By this vnion they have ten children. He has been a resident of the present place near Cumminsville since 1859.

Lucas Niehaus, retired dairyman, is one of the old and respected citizens of-the township. He was born in Hanover, Germany, October 31, 1800; was married in Germany, to Anna Pheodock. In 1838, with wife and one child, he sailed for America, landed in Baltimore, and then set out in a wagon for Cincinnati, arriving here in June, 1837, after being on the road some seventeen days. Mr. Niehaus, walking the greater portion of the way, came here very poor. He went to work by the day as a laborer; he was engaged in cutting and selling wood for a number of years, and then entered the dairy business in a small way with one cow. His business gradually improved until he at one time had some ninety cows; he was doing exceedingly well, and, after continuing in the dairy vocation for some thirty years, he has retired, the business being carried on by his son, who is meeting with fine success. Mr. Niehaus has been a resident of his present home for the last thirteen years, His first wife died, and he was married a second time, to Miss Mary Lambers, of Germany, who came here in 1840. They have five children, two by the first wife, and three by the present wife. Mr. Niehaus has led a very active life. He, in later years, has suffered from pains, being unable to attend to business.

John Schrenk, a dairyman, was born in Germany September, 1829, where he remained until 1853, when he came to the United States and landed in New York city. While in this country he was working in the tanneries. In 1868 be moved to Mill Creek township and entered the dairy business for himself, and with his enterprise and hard work he to-day owns a very neat dairy with fifty-four cows, doing a very profitable business. He married Mary Klaiber, of Germany, by whom he has two children.

B. H. Macke, a dairyman near Bond Hill, was born in Oldenburgh, Germany, in 1824. He came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1848, coming directly to Cincinnati. Here he commenced to work in a foundry, where he continued for some eight years. In 1858 he began the dairy business, starting with thirty-two cows; his business has increased through his management until now he owns eighty-four cows in connection with the dairy business. Mr. Mackey commenced the improvements on his present dairy farm some thirteen years ago until now he has one of the best improved

Thomas H. Kaiser, a dairyman and one of the most succcessful and fair-dealing men in the business, may be mentioned. The above-named gentleman was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1831. He came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1850, thence directly to Cincinnati. Coming here in meagre circumstances he worked at different kinds of business until he entered the dairy business in 1866. Commencing with twenty cows and some six head of stock, his business has gradually improved until now he owns ninety-five head of cows and twelve head of stock. His dairy is located near St. Bernard, is very complete and kept in first class order.

John Philipp Rhein, proprietor of the Island house near the German Protestant cemetery, was born in Germany April 15, 1828. He came to America and landed in New Orleans in 1851, thence to Cincinnati the same year. Coming here in meagre circumstances, he worked as a hostler, then as an omnibus driver from Cincinnati to Mt. Auburn, which he continued some four years, when he began vegetable gardening near his present home. Here he gardened for some seven years, when he and his brother Jacob started in the omnibus business and purchased four omnibuses and horses for the same, to run between Cincinnati, Mt. Auburn and suburbs. This business increased until they had seven omnibuses in the line. Doing a good business in 1872 Mr. Rhein retired and entered his present vocation. He was waS'-married to Mrs. J. Bessemer, a daughter of John Seefried, who was born in Germany, and came to America and landed in Philadelphia, thence to Cincinnati, where he worked at his trade as a locksmith; he then moved to the farm, where he died respected and honored, one of the oldest pioneers.

H. Broermann, a stock-raiser near Bond Hill, was born in Germany, came to the United States and thence to Hamilton county in 1855. He was for some ten years engaged in the dairy business; since then he has been engaged in stock-raising, which he has been very successful in. He was married in Mercer county, Ohio (where he resided for some five years), to Miss Agnes Kramer. Mr. Broermann has been a resident of his present homestead for the last fourteen years.

H. H. Macke, hotel keeper, near Bond hill, was born in Aldenbush, Germany, April 19, 1819. In 1844 he sailed for America, and landed in Baltimore, thence to Cincinnati, arriving here in 1844, about June 13th. Mr. Macke, by his hard work and good management, saved sufficient money and went into the grocery business, which he carried on in Cincinnati for some ten years. He was fora short time a resident of Plainville and the Four Mile house. He also carried on the dairy business for some four years. In 1861 he moved to his present homestead, where he has put up some very valuable buildings and improvements. He is engaged in the hotel and saloon business, and is one of the best-known and most highly respected German citizens of this vicinity. Mr. Macke

_ married Mary Niehaus, who has since died. He married for his second wife Anna Gotting. He had seven children, four by his first wife, and three by the second.

John H. Funk was born in Prussia, September 25,1828; came to the United States and landed in New Orleans in 1852, thence direct to Cincinnati, arriving here June 8, 1852. Hecarried on the saloon business for several years, and then engaged in the sale of glassware and queensware, at which he continued up to 1875, when he moved to his present place, where he has remained in active business since. Mr. Funk-was married in Newport, Kentucky, to Miss Louisa Kramig. She was born in Germany, coming to the United States when she was about two years of age. By this marriage they have one child living.

Mrs. Nancy (White) Culbertson was born in the northwest corner of Hamilton county, May 10, 1810, and is the daughter of Providence White, who was born in Pennsylvania, or Virginia, March 9, 1784. He came to Hamilton county when he was a boy, with his parents. Then there were plenty of Indians, and he had his toe shot off by them while making a trip to Fort Washington for soldiers to come and help the settlers, who were in danger. He married Catharine Tucker. Both of Mrs. Culbertson's parents are dead. She was married to William Culbertson and went to Kentucky, where she lived thirty-two years, and, in 1877, returned to near the old home, where she is now living. Her grandfather was a captain under General Washington.

Charles Gries, residence Lick Run, Mill Creek township, was born in Baden, Germany, December T, 133. He came to the United States and landed in New, York city in 1852, thence direct to Cincinnati, arriving here in December of the same year. He commenced to work with his brother, Michael, in the butcher business, where he remained for some fifteen months, when he engaged in the same business for himself, and continued in it for about ten years, when he entered his present business, grape-growing and wine-manufacturing. He now owns seven and a half acres of land in the cultivation of grapes - one of the best improved vineyards in the vicinity. His son, John, is manager of the Union Eagle wine hall, situated in the vineyard, and is a very neat summer resort. Mr. Gries' first wife was Theresa Eline, who is now dead. He married his present wife, Louisa Wyreck, in Lick Run. She was born in Germany, and came here in 1853. Mr. Gries is a member of the Catholic church.

Herman Grover, farmer, residence Mill Creek, near Walnut Hills, was born in Hanover, Germany, November 1, 1828. Hecame to the United States in 1845. He stopped in New York and Buffalo a short time, and then came to Hamilton county. He is now one of the oldest German pioneers in this vicinity, and is a member of the Catholic church. He is the son of Henry and Ann Grover. They were martied in Germany, and with four children came to America. Henry Grover worked on a farm, and died in 1849, with the cholera. Mrs. Ann Grover was born in 1800. The subject of this sketch owns seventeen acres of fine land.

church, Avondale, was born in Gambier, Knox county, Ohio, May 28, 1842, and is the son of Rev. Alfred and - Anna Jane ; Leonard, his father, was an Episcopal minister; he came to Ohio and located in Knox county, as early as 1828. Our subject, after receiving a thorough collegiate education, having graduated from Kenyon college in 1862, and after graduating from a theological seminary, he, in 1867, was ordained as minister, when he soon afterwards came to Avondale and took charge of his present congregation, where he has remained since.

Rey. D. O'Meara, pastor of the Catholic church, Avondale, was born in the city of Cork, Ireland, December, 1839, and is the son of David and Mary (Casey) O'Meara. In 1860 our subject came to America «and located in Cincinnati; here, in 1864, he graduated from Mount St. Mary's college. In 1866 he was ordained as minister. He went to Mobile, Alabama, where he took charge of St. Mary's church; which church and congregation, with hard labor, he built up and left in good condition, afterwards visiting Ireland and other parts of Europe. In 13-6 he returned to Cincinnati, and in March, 1878, he was appointed to his present charge, since which he has done very noble work, bringing the church out of debt. It is now in a flourishing condition.

Thomas A. Stephan,head animal-keeper of the Zoological garden, Avondale, adjoining Cincinnati, was born in Dayton, Ohio, May 22, 1846, his parents being early settlers of that city. Our subject, when quite young, moved to Lafayette, Indiana. He learned a trade as a machinist, which business he followed for a short time. He at twenty years of age began his present business taking care of animals, which business he has made a study, and to-day is, perhaps, one of the finest as well as one of the best animal-keepers and _trainers in America. He has travelled with a number of leading circuses and menageries of this country - De Haven's, Heming & Cooper, Great Eastern, Great Hippodrome, Dan Rice, etc., visiting in his travels thirty-four States of the Union and throughout Canada. In 1875 Mr. Stephan was appointed to his present place, since which time he has bebecome so familiar with all the animals under his charge that he can enter the dens of the most ferocious beasts.

William Borman, tin-shop, Avondale, was born in Prussia, June 4, 1827, came to the United States and landed in New York city in 1846; remaining there for a time working at his trade as a tinner, then went to Buffalo, and in 1847 came to Cincinnati. Here he began to work at his trade. In 1849 Mr. Borman established himself in the tinner business in Cincinnati. He has filled several offices of public trust with honor and credit - six years as justice of the peace and a member of the school board some fourteen years. Mr. Borman married Miss Matilda Retsch ; he has nine children living.

J. B. Cook, Avondale, was born in Hanover, Germany, March 14, 1826; came to the United States, and landed in New Orleans in 1853, and in 1854 came to Cincinnati. He came here poor. In 1862 came to Avondale and purchased an interest in the dairy business, which he continued very successfully until 1876, when he refired. He is now in the saloon business, and acob Clark was born at Wakefield, New Hampshire, June 25, 1819. His great-great-grandfather, Robert Clark, came from England at the close of the Seventeenth century and settled at Stratham, the same State; was the father of five sons and two daughters: Mayhew, Benjamin, ohn, Satchell and Jacob, the latter, who was born April 15, 1751, is his grandfather. Jacob Clark, sr., had three sons and two daughters: John, Mayhew and Johnson being the sons; the former being the father of Jacob Clark, jr.

His great-grandfather, on his mother's side, came from England at a very early day, and settled at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. "Thomas Cotton, his grandfather, was professionally a Free-Will Baptist preacher, and father of five children, Betsey, his oldest daughter, being the mother of Jacob Clark, jr., but who died when he was six years old. John Clark was born May 8, 1784, at Wakefield, New Hampshire, and married three times. By the second marriage, November 10, 1814, to Mrs. Cotton, who was born at Wolfboro, New Hampshire, November 17, 1793, four sons and two daughters were born, Jacob being the third son. Johnson, his father's brother, is the only uncle on this side who is living, and, out of a family of ten children, only one son remains, who lives at Salem, Massachusetts, Jacob's brothers and sisters are: John, Thomas C., Johnson, Lucy P., Elizabeth P., Isaac T.Savinia G.,and Mary B. John is dead; Johnson served as surgeon in the late war at Fortress Monroe in 1861; Savinia and Mary are both dead. Jacob obtained his early education by attending the old district school from two and one-half to five months in the year. At sixteen he left home with ten dollars - seven of which was given him by his father - and went to Dorchester, Massachusetts, but what is now Boston, and labored for two years. By means thus accumulated, he returned to New Hampshire, and attended school at Wolfboro - a select school - and also soon after at a school at Merideth village, same State, and Parsonville, Maine. In 1838 he taught at Water village, and in 1839 at Merideth. After these two years at teaching he left for Boston with ten dollars again, and served as a clerk for three years at the Elm Street house, Hanover and Broomfield. His employer, Daniel Chamberlain, offered to set him up in business, but on account of illhealth and a desire to see the west, he left Boston in 1843, and came by railto Albany, New York, and from there to Buffalo by canal, a distance of three hundred and sixty-nine miles; then to Cleveland by steamer; thence to Portsmouth by canal, and to Cincinnati by steamer. He remained for three days in the city, and then crossed over in Kentucky, engaged to work for Colonel James Taylor three months. After this time he resided at Locust Corner, Clermont county, with the exception of three years and six months, when he came to Sweet Wine, this county. While at the latter place he acted in' the capacity of school teacher for three years, and trafficked generally.

February 1, 1849, he married Mary Ann Ricker, Rev. John Westeman, a travelling Methodist minister, performing the ceremonyt By this marriage three sons and four daughters were born, of whom three are living - Addie, Leslie and Jewett. The eldest son married Louisa Windeler, of Cincinnati, November 7, 1876, and lives in Clermont county, occupying a handsome residence on a high point of land, andis one of the prominent fruit growers in this section. He is the father of two sons: Jacob Raymond and George Edward. Mrs. Clark's great-gra ndfather, Jabez Ricker, was born in Berwick, Maine. Her - grandfather, Samuel Ricker, was born in the same siege 7, 1766, and came from sound English parentage. Susanna Jewett, her grandmother, was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire, March 28, 1770, and married in 1790. Her father was born, July 7, 1796, and married Mary Reed Wilson, November 24,1816, of Durham, Maine, in Campbell county, Kentucky. Her mother was born February 12,1800. By this marriage two sons and three daughters were born; Mrs, Clark being the fourth, who was born November 26, 1827, in Rush county, Indiana. While at Locust Corner, Mr. Clark held the office of postmaster fifteen years, though actively engaged in keeping a country store and dealing in real estate. Since 1875 he has engaged mostly in turnpikes, building most of the New Richmond and Columbia road,and is owner of twenty miles. Three Clermont county Tice ; pikes have been aided 4; thy ISSO much through his skill, YY Wen sq and, asa government and county contractor,

Politically, he affliated himself with the anti-slavery people, and has since, in the matter of public offices, been mentioned for some of the most influlntial positions in the county.

He is one of our genial men. Business tact and energy have rewarded him with unparalleled success in financial matters. His judgment is rarely at fault, and his word cannot be questioned,

Goswinn Bauer, wagonmaker and blacksmith, Avondale, was born in Baden Baden, Germany, April 9, 1838. Here he learned his trade as blacksmith and horse-shoer. He was foreman of the horse-shoe department of the artillery for seven years - he received a diploma for fine work. Mr. Bauer served in the army nine years, six years for himself and three as a substitute. In 1866 he came to America, and located in Cincinnati. Here he worked at his trade until 1867, when he began work in Avondale, since which time his business has gradually improved, until to-day he owns one of the leading shops of Avondale, employing a number of first-class mechanics.