Antrim Township (part 1 of 6)

Antrim Township

PRIOR to 1845, the territory now comprised in Antrim Township was included in the counties of Marion and Crawford. At the organization of this county it assumed its present boundaries - the east and south by Crawford and Marion Counties respectively, the west by Pitt and Crane Townships, and the north by Eden Township. Sections 3 to 10 inclusive of the southern part of this township was detached from Grand Prairie, of Marion County, these divisions comprising a tract two miles wide, extending entirely across the township. The old Reservation line extends east through the northern part of Sections 31, 32 and 33, to a point near the center of the northwest quarter of Section 34, from which it extends directly north through Sections 27, 22, 15, 10 and 3 respectively.

Throughout the entire township the surface is undulating and well watered by the Sandusky, its tributaries and several constant springs. The Sandusky River enters at a point near the center of the eastern line of the southeast quarter of Section 34, and extends in a northwesterly direction through the same; also through Section 28, in the same direction, converging to a due west course at a point about midway of the half-section line in the northern part of Section 20; thence trending southwest from a point near the eastern boundary of the northeast quarter of Section 19, passing out at the southwest corner of the latter. Broken Sword Creek enters the township at the north at a point near the northeast corner of Section 5, and flows in a south and southwest direction through Sections 4, 8, 17 and 18, cutting the northeast and southwest corners of the latter respectively, and entering the Sandusky near the center of Section 19. Grass Run and Gray Eye Run flow from the eastern part of the township, form a juncture in Section 21, and empty into the Sandusky near the southwest corner of Section 20. The soil of Antrim Township is very fertile and well adapted to wheat raising, as well as to the culture of oats, corn and other ordinary cereals. Large crops of corn from the bottom lands, and wheat from the elevated as well as the lower tracts are annually gathered, and the township has the honor of supporting some of the most prominent farmers of the county.

The first white settler who located in Antrim Township was John Kirby. He settled on land in 1819 that Col. M. H. Kirby entered in 1820. He was born in Halifax County, Va., and came to Highland County, Ohio, in 1814, and from there to this county, where he died about 1847 or 1848, having reared a large family of children. Jacob Coon also located in this township in the fall of the same year. He came from Pickaway County, and located in the southeastern part of the township in 1819, and resided on the same fai'm sixty years.

Zachariah Welsh came to this county in 1821, and settled in Wyandot Village. He died in 1849; his wife'b demise occurred in 1857. Edmund R. , his son, was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1810. He came to this county with his parents and died January 29, 1880, in Nevada, to which place he removed in 1865. He came from Fairfield County.

Jesse Jurey came from Highland County in 1820 or 1822, and settled west of the village of Wyandot, where he lived and died. Walter Woolsey came from New York State and settled in the township in 1820.

In 1820, Col. M. H. Kirby entered 640 acres where Wyandot now is situated. He made additions to this till he owned L200 acres, on which he moved from Columbus in 1839, remaining till 1843, when he was appointed Receiver of the Northwestern Land Office. Ttiese were the principal settlers up to the date last mentioned, and, in fact, to the date of the organization of the county, 1845, after which time settlements were rapidly made.

Isaac Longwell came from Licking County in 1821, and took up his abode in this township. William T. Howe settled here about the same time. Thomas Terry came soon after from Highland County, Ohio. He was formerly from Old Virginia. He died in Marseilles Township. His son-in-law, Josiah Robertson, moved to the township with him. Abner Jurey located in Antrim in 1822. He was born in Virginia, and was married in this county to Priscilla Winslow, who now resides at Wyandot. He died in 1851. Jacob Brewer moved to the township from the Darby Plains in 1824. Henry Brown, born in Pennsylvania, moved to Wayne County, Ohio, in 1818, and to this township in 1826.

Thomas Thompson moved from New Philadelphia to this township in 1827. He was afterward a missionary, and was employed on the Mission farm. He was also a school teacher. He died in Seneca County, Ohio, in 1884. Isaac Miller first settled here in 1836. He was born in Rockingham County, Va., in 1784. John Leith came from Fairfield County in 1832 or 1833.

George W. Leith moved to Antrim in 1837. In 1845, he was appointed Associate Judge, serving seven years. He died at Nevada March 10, 1883. Lair, Isaac and Jacob Miller were also settlers of 1836-37, coming with their parents, and being then almost grown to manhood. Jacob Keller first purchased land here in 1825, and still lives in the township. He was born in Virginia in 1797. Benjamin Hitecame in about 1840. He was born in Perry County in 1815. D. W. Wilson was one of the early settlers, as was also James Daughmer. Peter Brewer was born in this Township in 1825.

The first house, a hewed-log structure, was erected by John Kirby, on the land entered by Col. Kirby in 1819. Isaac Longwell and Sarah Winslow were the first who were joined in marriage in the township, and Rebecca Welsh, daughter of Zachariah and Hannah (Stein) Welsh, was the first white child born therein, the date of her birth being 1822. Magdalene Hite was born in 1823, probably the second white child born in the township. Abner Jury, an infant, was the first to pass away, the date of his death being August, 1821. He was buried in the Macedona Graveyard, and the little marble slab that marks the spot is brown with age. In 1825-26, David Bibler built a grist mill east of Wyandot on the Sandusky River, the first mill constructed in the township. He was also the first " tavernkeeper " in the township. John Kirby had the honor of being the first merchant of Antrim, his store being located in the village of Wyandot. Most of the settlers, the early settlers, were located within the village of Wyandot, south and east of the Reservation line, but at the date of the organization of the county, or soon after, the settlement was more general, and quite extensive, as will be seen by the following list of tax payers of the township in 1845, and the number of acres owned by each:

Owners Of Real Estate

John Bibler, 169 acres; George Brioker, 90^ acres; Bain & Williams, bh acres; William Bain, 62 acres; Goodlove Bowman, 160 acres; John A. Bibler, 92 acres; Samuel Bretz, 12 acres; Michael Battentield, SO aci'es; Cox & Hampton, 240 acres; Bank Clinton, 664^^ acres; Jacob Coon, 80 acres; John N. Cox, 320 acres; Josiah Copeland, 80 acres; Benjamin Cope, 2 acres; Reuben Drake, 160 acres; Mary Drake, 80 acres; James Daughmer, 48 acres; Joseph Drake, 27 acres; Andrew Eby, 80 acres; Zurial Fowler. 220 acres; Tira Garrett, 98 acres; Charles B. Garrett, 312 acres, also carding machine; John Goshorn, 80 acres; George Garrett, 159 acres; Eli W. Groyman, 160 acres; David Hite, 35 acres; Benjamin Hite, 72 acres; William T. Howe, 240 acres; Jacob Howenstine, 80 acres; Abner Jurey, 80 acres; Lewis Jurey, 200 acres; John Ju^rey, 80 acres; Jacob King, 365 acres; Dennis Leninger, 52 acres; Isaac Longwell, 157 acres; George and James H. Moore, 320 acres; John McElvain, 805 acres; Neil & Neiewanger, 840 acres; Carson Porter, 80 acres; Carson and Mary Porter, 80 acres; Rodney Spalding, 11^ acres; Thomas Salmon, 58 acres; Jacob Staley, 80 acres, also a tannery; Solomon Sturges, 267 acres; Gottlieb Schellhorn, 160 acres; Charles White, 130 acres; Daniel Wilson, 160 acres; John W. Winslow, 49 acres; Benjamin Welch, 240 acres; Samuel AVinslow, 38 acres; Abigail Winslow, bi; acres; Walter Woolsey, 108 acres; Daniel Wright, 109 acres; Wilson, Butler & Baldwin, 641 acres; James S. Reed, 40 acres.

Owners Of Personal Property

The early schools of Antrim were conducted under very great difficulties, the neighbors being far apart and the facilities meager. According to the best iaformation we are able to obtain, the first schools of the township were held in a log cabin in the door-yard of Thomas Terry, Ethan Terry being the first teacher. It is also stated that schools were held in the dwellings of Messrs. Howe and Ijongwell, and that Nathan Howe was, perhaps, the first teacher. It is quite certain that the first schoolhouse was erected in the village of Wyandot in 1827-28. It was, of course, a cabin, and the first teacher who flourished the " rod of correction and shot the young idea " within its walls was Thomas T. Thompson, who subsequently taught in the mission schools. One Martin lays some claim to the same honor, however. William Brown was the third teacher in this educational institution. The schools of the township at the present time are perhaps as well conducted as any in the county, and their interests are as carefully guarded, most of the schoolhouses being built of brick and well furnished.

As early as 1820 the people of Wyandot and vicinity began to assemble occasionally for divine worship. The first meetings were held in the old log schoolhouse in the northeast part of the village, and these were continued with more or less regularity till 1835, when an organization was effected. The members were of the Methodist Episcopal pei'suasion and few in number, William Brown and his wife Margaret being the only members from the village. In 1838, the Methodist Episcopal Church building was erected just south of the village, being the first building of the kind erected in the township. It has since been abandoned and is owned by H. M. Welsh, and will be converted into a township hall. In 1858, the United Presbyterian denomination erected a frame building, 40.k()0 feet in dimensions, and in 1884, this was purchased by the Methodist Episcopal Church at a cost of $300. The pastors who have labored in this field are Revs. Pilchard, Blampede, Rogers, Feckley, Close, Bruce, Neal, Barron and perhaps a few others. The present incumbent is George Zeigler. The present Trustees are Noah Bunnel, Jacob Ranch and James Shaffer. The society now comprises seventy-four members. The most important revival was conducted by Rev. Barron, in 1880, resulting in about thirty members being added to the list. The church has had many trials, but the outlook for the future is promising, as the society is in good working order and now has the advantage of a commodious and comfortable building.

Broken Sword Presbyterian Church. - This society was organized in 1850, at the schoolhouse, which is located on the southwest corner of Section 17; the first meeting having been held in the same year at the same place under the supervision of Rev. Charles Thayer. The society then comprised six members, namely: Sireno Burke, Tirza Burke, Susan Burke, Mrs. McBeth, Lemon Armstrong and Mrs. Arm- strong. In 1856, a church building was erected on the southeast quarter of Section 8. It is a frame structure 26x36 feet, and cost $1,000. It is now owned by the Methodist Episcopal society.

Nevada

This beautiful and thriving village bearing the above title was named from the State bearing the same name and which was attracting considerable attention in the year 1852.

The town as originally laid out was situated in the northwest fractional quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 4, Range 15 east, and contained seventy- two lots, each 60x180 feet, making an area of 10,800 square feet. Railway street is 100 feet wide; Morrison street, or Main street, 80 feet wide; Ayres and Garrett streets each 60 feet wide, and situated east and west of Morrison street respectively. All the regular streets and alleys cross each other at right angles, their bearing being 1 ° 30' east. The stone which by law is required to be placed at the corner of one of the lots is situated at the southwest corner of Lot 18, the original survey having been made by J. K Williams, October 14, 1852.

The additions made to the area included in the original plat, with the names of the persons who made them are as follows: William Welch's addition, twenty-four lots, was made May 16, 1860; William F. Goodbread, twenty lots, January 12, 1863; J. L. Cook, twenty-five lots, March 28, 1863; Goodbread, Welch & Dombaugh, seventy-one inlots, four outlots, February 26, 1866; Joseph Braun, four lots, April 20, 1866; Robert Dixon, sixteen lots, March 11, 1864; George I. Miller, sixteen lots, and two outlots, September 18, 1865; William Balliet, twenty-one lots and four out-lots, April 13, 1866; W. S. Gregg, ten lots, June 21, 1876; William Fetrey, four lots, February 26, 1877; William Welch's second addition, fifteen lots, July 3, 1879; James McLaughlin, twenty lots, 18 - ; H. D. Keller, six lots, October 8, 1881; and J. L. Cook's Secoad Addition, thirteen lots, December 2, 1881.

The founders of Nevada were Jonathan Ayi'es and George Garrett. The land on which it is located was purchased of the Government by William McKibben, of Ashland County, Ohio, and was purchased of him by Messrs. Ayres and Garrett, who laid out the town, consisting of seventy- two lots, in October, 1852. Garrett was of mixed blood - Indian and white.

Jonathan Ayres is a son of Dr. Isaac and Eliza (Coulter) Ayres, and was born in Beaver County, Penn. , March 12, 1822. He removed with his parents to Richland County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood. In 1846, he moved to Upper Sandusky, and has been a resident of that city most of the time since. In 1854, he engaged in the dry goods business and continued in this trade ten years. Being a member of the Ohio National Guards, he was called into service in 1864, and was made Adjutant of the One Hundred and Forty- fourth Regiment, participating in the battle of Monocacy Junction, and also an engagement with Mosby's Cavalry, the regiment under his command doing gallant service in the latter action. He was discharged as Lieutenant Colonel March 1, 1866, and is now a resident of Upper Sandusky. He was married in 1856, to Miss Jennie Harris, of Detroit, Mich., a daughter of Norman and Lucy Harris. Mr. Ayres' father, Isaac Ayres, was born in York County, Penn., in September, 1782.

When the site for Nevada was first chosen by its founders, the future for the town was not promising, or at least not brilliantly so. The site had the advantages of an elevated location and the proper distance from county seats; but this was the most that could be claimed for it. The land at that point was at that time covered by a dense growth of timber, and the contrast in surroundings between the future Nevada and the sleepy, old village of Wyandot, which was henceforth to be considered a rival, was strongly in favor of the latter town. But the embryo Nevada had within it the " elements of greatness," and with the Pittsburgh Railroad to strengthen its spine, and the rich farming country both north and south to supply it with the proper commercial nourishment, its success was soon placed beyond question. The woods were rapidly cleared away, the mercantile establishments began with a vitality that was unquestioned, and the point was settled. Nevada was to be a town and have a history.

Original Improvements

When the survey for the original plat of Nevada was made, the only houses standing within its limits were the dwellings of Lair Miller, James McLaughlin and Samuel Ellison. Mr. Miller's residence was built about 1846-47; Mr. McLaughlin's in 1850, and Mr. Ellison's in the same year in which the town was laid out, 1852. After that date building proceeded quite rapidly as the success of the village was soon a pronounced certainty.

William McJunkins has the honor of being Nevada's pioneer merchant. He erected the first storeroom in the place in 1853. It was a frame structure of considerable dimensions and was well tilled with a stock of general merchandise valued at not less than $2,000. Mr. Me-Iunkins was Postmaster and railroad agent at the same time and did a good business, continuing in the place several yeai's. William Fredregill had previously erected a small frame building 18x26 feet, and did a small grocery business in front and a large saloon business behind. The building which he occupied is now used by W^illiam Nye as a dwelling. The McJunkins building was destroyed by fire in 1872.

The second store-room was built by Jonathan Ayres who sold the same to J. L. Cook and William F. Goodbread. It was also a frame structure 20x40 feet and is still standing near where it was first erected - on Main street, east side, south of the railroad - vised for a general storage room. The store was opened by the firm of Cook & Goodbread with a stock of $4,000 to $5,000 and an extensive and profitable business was conducted by this firm for about three and one-half years when they sold out to William Balliet. Their stock consisted of general merchandise and in connection with this branch of their business they erected the first stock scales in the town and did an extensive business in the purchase and sale of all kinds of grain, live stock, etc. Messrs. Cook & Goodbread may also be considered pioneer merchants of Nevada. For complete sketches of their respective lives the reader is referred to the biographical notices given in connection with the history of this township in succeeding pages.

The third store of the village was established by S. S. Miller, who died a few years afterward and his stock of $2,000 in general merchandise was sold out at auction. From this time the mercantile interests went strongly forward till at the present date (1884) Nevada is second to but few "country " towns in Central Ohio, being provided with numerous stores, a substantial bank, good schools and churches, shops, mills and factories.

Mercantile Establishments

& Morris, Main street, east side, north of railroad. It was first established in 1865 by J. S. Leith & Co., who, after coaducting it about two years, sold out to the Elliott Brothers, who again disposed of it to Hall & Cook in 1879. Two years later Mr. Hall sold his interest to Mr. Cook who conducted the business one year alone, then admitting W. H. Cook, the firm afterward operating two years as J. L. & W. H. Cook. The establishment was then consolidated with that of George Benedict, making three departments, dry goods and notions, boots, shoes and clothing, and groceries and provisions. One year after this change, De Jean purchased Benedict's interest and the business was conducted two years under the firm name of Cook, De Jean & Co. W. H. Cook subsequently withdrew and the firm of Cook & De Jean continued the trade till July 1, 1881, when S. Cook purchased De Jean's interest and the firm became J. L. & S. Cook, doing business as such till January 1, 1883, when R. E. Morris purchased S. Cook's interest and the present firm of Cook & Morris was established. They carry a stock of dry goods, notions, carpets, boots and shoes valued at about $7,000 and do a large business. J. L. Cook the senior partner of the firm has been identified with the mercantile interests of the town for about thirty years.

Goodbread & Son, druggists of considerable prominence, are located on the west side of Main street, north of railroad. The establishment was first opened as a branch store by Joseph A. Maxwell, of Upper Sandusky, with Lewis Nichols as salesman. Mr. Nichols afterward purchased the stock, and still later consolidated his store with that of Dr. Jones, the firm doing business for some time under the title of Nichols & Jones. In 1871, Mr. Goodbread purchased Mr. Nichols' interest, and the business was ct)nducted till 1879 by Goodbread & Jones, J. N. Goodbread purchasing Mr. Jones' interest at that date. The firm has since been known as Goodbread & Son. They carry a full stock of goods of all kinds peculiar to the trade, and do a large and profitable business. William F. Goodbread, as will be seen by the preceding pages, was one of the pioneer merchants of the town, and has always been more or less prominently identified with its business interest.

D. B. Wolf established himself in his present business at his present place in September, 1872. He occupies the storeroom originally used by Cook & Goodbread in 1853. It is located just south of railroad, east side of Main street, and was sold by the last-named firm to G. W. Balliet, Mr. Goodbread becoming a partner of Mr. Balliet one year later. The next change was effected by Mr. Goodbread purchasing the whole stock. He was succeeded by Dumbaugh & Huffman, and they by H. H. Welsh, who admitted D. B. Wolf, as stated above. The firm was known as Welsh & Co. till 1877, when Mr. Wolf purchased Welsh's interest, since which time he has conducted the business independently. His stock is estimated at about $4,000, and he enjoys a fine trade. His line is dry goods, notions, groceries, boots, shoes and queensware.

C. Pfisterer, the only merchant tailor of Nevada, first began business in the town in April, 1869. He opened up an establishment in a frame building which occupied the site of the present storeroom of Cook & Morris. In 1876, he removed to the building now occupied by D. B. Wolf, and in 1879 to his present place of business, the Pease building. Mr. Pfisterer has always been sole proprietor of his establishment. He carries the largest stock of cloths and cassimeres in the county, and does a large business. His stock of readv-made clothing is also quite complete, the whole valued at $5,000.

Stewart & Hall, prominent hardware dealers, are located on Main street, east side, just north of railroad. The original lirm was known as Stewart & Wallace, and was founded in 1869, in the staves and heading and hardware business, at Edenville. In 1882, Mr. Hall purchased Wallace's hardware, and the firm has since been known as Stewart & Hall. They carry a stock valued at $10,000, and do an immense business, their annual sales estimated at $30,000 per year. Their present storeroom is 20x186 feet, and is well filled with a well- selected stock of hardware, tinware, agricultural implements, etc. The building was erected by M. 11. Hull in 1876-77, and was purchased by Stewart & Wallace in the spring of 1878, Mr. Hull having made an assignment.

E. R. Williams, a popular druggist of Nevada, became identified with the business interests of the place in 1882. The store was first put in operation in 1879 by R. M. Stewart, J. A. Stewart and William B. Woolsey, who conducted the establishment under the firm name of Stewart & Co. until the sale of J. A. Stewart's interest, after which the firm was known as R. M. Stewart & Co. till September, 1882, when the stock was purchased by A. N. Williams & Son. The death of the father in September, 1883, left the stock in the hands of the sou, E. R. Williams, who now has charge of the business. His stock is complete, consisting of a full line of tine drugs, patent medicines, books, wall-paper, paints, oils, varnishes, etc., and his business is carefully managed. His store is located on Main street, east side, north of the railroad.

W. M. Maskey, grocer. This firm began business in 1881, as Morris & Maskey, the latter member of the firm having purchased the interest of J. W. Morris, of the firm of Morris & Son, who established the business in 1880. He now cai-ries a stock valued at $1,500 to $2,000, and has a fine trade, located one door north of Cook & Morris' dry goods store.

Gregg & Co. This firm was established in 1877, the members being G, W. Grregg and Andrew Flickinger. Their stock consisted of clothing, hats, caps, boots, shoes and gent's furnishing goods. April 1, 1884, William Scott purchased the stock, and soon after turned the clothing over to the Cook Bros., who are now doing business in a brick building opposite the Kerr House, purchased of W. Myers.

T, P. Miller, groceries and provisions. Mr. Miller began business on the corner of Morrison (Main) and Center streets in 1879. In April, 1884, he purchased and moved into his present building, a few doors north of the old establishment. The building he now occupies was built by Perry Hopp in 1868-69, and is a two-story frame structure, 18x45 feet in dimensions. He carries a stock valued at $1,000 to $1,200, and enjoys a fair trade.

B. Hopp, dealer in furniture, and undertaker. The firm was first known as Hopp & Benedict, their stock of furniture being purchased of William Windish in 1873, The stock was burned May 15, 1875, and Mr. Hopp revived the business soon after, and has since conducted it. He established the first undertaking in the town, and does a thriving business. His new store-room is large and comfortable, brick, with two stories and a cellar.

B. B. Myers & Co., hardware, stove and tinware merchants. The firm was established in 1875 as S. Myers & Son. In 1879, B. B. Myers purchased his father's interest, and has since been sole proprietor. He occupies two rooms, each 20x60 feet, located just south of railroad, on west side of Main street. His new brick building was erected in 1883. He carries a full line of shelf hardware, stoves, tinware and agricultural implements, and enjoys a flourishinfif trade.

J. Koerber & Co. This firm began business in Nevada February 7, 1883, operating on a cash system from the start. The store is located on Morrison (Main) street, in the Balliet room, twenty by ninety feet in dimension. The stock is valued at $8,000, and is well selected, consisting of dry goods, notions, groceries, etc. The firm is doing an excellent business, and thus proving beyond question both the possibility and feasibility of the cash system.

A. N. Sawyer, furniture and undertaking. Main street. This establishment was opened up in July, 1882, in a new frame building, 18x60 feet, erected in the same year at a cost of $1,000. The building was erected by T. D. Keller, and purchased by Mr. Sawyer a few months later. He carries a stock of goods valued at $800 to $1,000, and does a fair business.

Franklin James established himself in the grocery and provision business in December, 1879, at the place known as Williams' Corner, and in the old building erected by S. P. Shaw about 1864. He carries a stock of groceries, provisions and notions, valued at $1,500, and enjoys a fair trade.

William Balliet, groceries, confectionery and bar. This establishment began business in 1879, in a frame building, which was destroyed by tire February 12, 1883. The px'esent brick building occupies the same site, and was erected immediately after the destruction of the frame structure. Mr. Balliet was first engaged seven years in the hardware business; the same length of time in the livery business, and has been engaged five years in his present vocation. He has a flourishing trade.

E. R. Irmer, bakery, confectionery and provisions. 'Mv. Irmer began business in Nevada in November, 1875, in partnership with Philip Ruhlman. They purchased their stock of groceries of John Good, and continued their partnership till January, 1876, when Mr. Irmer purchased his partner's interest, since which time he has conducted the business alone. He owns and occupies a brick building 21x75 feet, situated on Main street, second door north of railroad, east side, and has an excellent trade.

W. P. Morris has the only jewelry shop and store in town. He has been engaged at the trade several years, but put in his stock in January, 1884. He carries a small but well-selected stock of goods, and does a fair business. He does all kinds of jewelers' work - engraving, clock and watch repairing, etc., and is located at present in the post office building.

J. M. Kliugler conducts an old-fashioned shoe shop on South Main street. He began work in 1860, and for many years did a thriving business. The extensive use of factory goods has of late reduced the demand for homemade work. He makes all kinds of coarse and fine boots and shoes, and does mending neatly and promptly. He is one of the oldest bench workmen in the town.

E. Lidle, manufacturer of and dealer in harness, saddles, etc., west side Main street, north of Commercial Hotel. Mr. Lidle began business in Nevada in 1867, and has built up a large and lucrative trade. He is the owner of his building, a two-story brick, 20x80 feet, and has the leading harness emporium of the city. He keeps a full stock of harness, saddles, trunks, valises and furnishing goods, and enjoys a liberal patronage. He learned his trade in Germany.

L. Wilson, saddler and harness manufacturer, is located on east side of Main street, one door north of Sawyer's furniture store. He began business in Nevada in 1873, moving to his present room in 1882. His stock - all his own work - is valued at $600. He is an excellent workman and deserves a liLeral patronage.

Mrs. S. M. Wilcox established her millinery business in Nevada in 1871. In 1874, she erected her present business room, brick, 20x25 feet, located on Main street, east side, south of railroad, where slie keeps a full line of millinery goods valued at about $1,000. She enjoys a good trade.

Mrs. Marie Steiner conducts a millinery business on Main street, east side, north of the new livery. She keeps a well-selected stock and is well patronized.

A. G. Carr, proprietor of livery and feed stable, began operations in January, 1884. He occupies the new barn erected by James Welch in 1882. It is a line building 38x90 feet, with neat office, and cost about $2,000, including lot, wind pump, etc. The stock owned by A. G. Carr is valued at $2,800. It is the only livery of the village and does a good business. The first livery was established by Cart. Hoxten, of Marion. He sold out two years later. A. N. Sawyer next started the enterprise in 1867, and in 1868, erected the first livery barn in the place. He sold out three years later to Balliet & Welch and established a second stable, conducting the business up to 1882, two years excepted. The Balliet firm continued with various changes till 1875. A third stable was subsequently erected by Benjamin Balliet, and four livery barns of Nevada have been destroyed by tire; one in 1875, one in 1877 and two in 1883.

Myers & Lidle are now the proprietors of the Nevada meat market. The business was established in 1863. In 1869, Mr. Myers opened a shop in partnership with V. O. Tuttle, which connection existed till 1871, when the firm became Myers & Son. One year later Mr. Keltner was admitted to the firm, which was known afterward as Myers & Keltner till the spring of 1884, when E. Lidle purchased a half interest in the business, since which time the firm has been known as Myers & Lidle. They have the only shop in town and do a good business.

The Commercial Hotel was built by B. Hopp in 1862. It is located just north of the railroad, on Main street, west side, the main building being 36x40 feet with a kitchen 30x30 feet in the rear. The house is a frame structure, two stories, with a roofed balcony, and contains eighteen rooms. Thomas J. Hinkle was the first landlord and he was succeeded by Mr. De Jean, to whom he sold the property. Jesse Ritz purchased the house of De Jean and subsequently sold it to Robert Kerr, who disposed of it to William Montee in 1879, who in 1884 disposed of the property and took charge of the Kerr House.

The Kerr House at Nevada was erected by Robert Kerr in 1882, at a cost, when furnished, of $18,000. It is a fine brick structure, containing twentyfive good rooms, well lighted and ventilated. The building was opened for business in 1883, under the management of H. S. Slough, who in 1884 gave way to William Montee. It is by far the finest hotel property in the county, and, with the present efficient management, will have an excellent patronage. The house is well furnished, is in a desirable location - one door north of post office, west side Main street - and will be a lasting testimonial of the enterprise of its founder. Besides the spacious parlors and elegant sleeping apartments, the house is also provided with an excellent bathroom for the accommodation of its guests.

Mills And Other Industries

stockholder, chief instigator and millwright. The other members of the company were W. F. Goodbread, J. L. Cook, James McLaughlin and Samuel Junck. The cost of the institution was about $10,500. Two run of buhrs were at first used, two more being subsequently added, making the capacity of the mill 100 barrels per day. In 1884, under the management of L. Gr. Russell, who is present owner of the mill, the roller system was introduced, and the capacity is now 125 barrels per day. In 1864, the mill was purchased by Williams & Gregg, and in 1866, Mr. T. Daily purchased Mr. Gregg's interest, the firm being known as Williams & Daily, until 1866. In the latter year Mr. A. B. Benedict purchased Mr. Williams' interest, and this firm existed till 1872, when the property became the possession of Messrs. Daily. Russell & Williams. In 1883, the interests of the other members of the firm were purchased by Mr. L. G. Russell, who is now sole proprietor.

Planing Mill, Door and Sash Factory. - The first planing mill established in Nevada was built in 1863. It, like the grist mill referred to above, was erected by a stock company - capital, $6,000. The original stockholders were Homer and Nelson King, who put in a patent bee hive at a large figure, James Anderson, C. P. Hopp and R. Dixon. The company was organized for the purpose of manufacturing the patent bee- hive referred to, and was denominated the American Bee- hive Company. A saw mill was subsequently added, and for some time quite an extensive business was done, though during the whole existence of the institution the enterprise at intervals languished and the stock depreciated. By degrees the shares were sold out, and J. L. Cook became the chief stockholder, and afterward sold his interest to G. W. Leith. The establishment was next purchased by A. Lance, and while in his possession was destroyed by fire in 1872. In the same year, S. Beaver purchased the lot made vacant by the destruction of fire, and erected his present mill and factory. For the first nine months the firm was known as Beaver & Tucker, the latter owning a one-third interest. In 1878, a saw mill was added and has since been continued. The establishment does an extensive business both in the sawing of lumber and the manufacture of doors, sash, window- frames, store-fronts, etc. The main building is 58x65 feet, with iron roof; the office and stoi'age room, 20x70 feet, and the blacksmith and storage room is 26x40 feet - all two stories. The total value of buildings and machinery is about $6,000. Five to ten workmen are usually employed, and the mill was formerly operated day and night.

Brick and Tile Factory. - This industry was begun in 1873 by the present proprietor, John Russell. He first began the manufacture of brick only, and continued this about five years, bringing the horse- power machine into general use. In 1878, he began the manufacture of tile of various diameters, and has conducted the business on an extensive and gradually increasing scale since that date. He employs from eight to sixteen workmen during the working season.

Blacksmith Shoj^s. - McDermot & Schwartzkopf represent this interest in a very able manner, their shop being located just north of the Advent Church, Main street. The business was begun by McDermot in 1879, and Schwartzkopf was admitted as a partner in 1881. They occupy a substantial brick building, erected by them at a cost of $500, and do all kinds of repairing, horse-shoeing, etc., neatly and promptly. Plow work is made a specialty. Their annual receipts amount to about $2,000.

spent some time at the jeweler's trade. He began the former work in Nevada in 1863, and has since engaged in that vocation. He does all kinds of repairing peculiar to the trade, his work giving general satisfaction.

Carriage and Wagon Works. - J. F. Knapp is now the only representative of this industry in Nevada. He erected his shop, a frame building, twostories, 26x46 feet, in 1866, and has since been engaged in the manufacture of all kinds of wagons, carriages, buggies, etc. He also does general repairing, having the entire trade of the vicinity in that line. He formerly did a profitable business in manufacturing, bat of late years his trade has been crippled by the extensive use of factory work. His building cost about $1,000.

A similar enterprise was established by John Harter in 1866, and after ten or twelve years operation was sold to George Schwartzkopf, soon after which it was destroyed by fire. It was located south of the i*ailroad, east side Main street.

Nevada Elevator. - This enterprise was established by William F. Goodbread, Henry Welsh and others - a joint stock company - who erected the building in 1873, and in 1874 sold the same to S. H. Hunt, of Upper Sandusky. The building is a substantial frame structure with a receiving capacity of 3,000 bushels per day, and a storage capacity of 20,000 bushels. After a successful operation for some time, Mr. Hunt sold the elevator to William Blair and O. C. Ewart, who subsequently sold it to the present owners.

Nevada Hook and Ladder Company. - This protective institution was organized April 8, 1872, the following officers being elected at that date: J. A. Brown, Foreman; F. Mollenkopf, Assistant Foreman; J. N. Goodbread, Secretary; D. E. Jefferson, Treasurer; O. S. Campbell, William Price and Stephen Kerr, Trustees. The company began operations with an outfit consisting of a chemical engine, hook and ladder trucks and fifty rubber buckets; but the engine was discarded in 1876, and has not since been in use. The company has been engaged in several important fires at home, and has done excellent work. It is also well known throughout this section of the State as a sporting com]:»any, having taken part in many of the tournaments, and in each instance carried ofi" a fair share of the honors. In 1878, it won the second prize at the Bucyrus Tournament against the Norwalk Company, which holds the championship of the United States. The company has also participated in many other contests of the same nature, and has acquired a State reputation for its skill and fleetness. The original number of members was about fifteen, but has now reached sixty, including retired members. The present officers are as follows: J. A. Brown, Foreman; Levi W^ilson, Assistant Foreman; W. A. Wolf, Secretary; W. M. Maskey, Treasurer; E. R. Irmer, George Schwartzkopf and A. Cronice, Trustees.

Weaving Loom. - James Anderson is now the sole representative of this craft in Nevada. Although owning a good farm, he spends considerable time in carpet weaving, at which business he is quite an expert. He operates one of the old-fashioned looms, which is almost a curiosity to the present generation. The shuttle slides through and then slides back, followed up by the "bumper'' che-whack, che- whack; and ere one has woven a twenty-pound pack he is weak in the knees and lame in the back.

Nevada Deposit Bank. - This institution was incorporated April 10, 1873, with W. L. Blair, President, W. F. Goodbread, Vice President, and J. K. Agnew, Cashier; and began business May 5, 1873, with a capital stock

Soon after beginning operations, the stock of the lesser holders began to be bought in by the principals, and on September 2, 1878, the entire stock was represented by Robert Kerr, W. L. Blair and O. C. Ewart, who still conduct the business. In February, 1878, the charter under which the bank was established, according to the State law, was surrendered, and the corporation was re-organized into a co partnership represented mainly by the above firm, and on this plan the business has since been carried forward. The bank was first opened in the "old bank building" east side of Main street, south of the railroad, but, in 1879, was removed to the new brick bank building which was erected in 1878-79, and which is the finest structure used for the purpose in the county. It is regarded as one of the most substantial institutions of the kind in this section of the State; it is strongly secured bj; real estate; is well managed; does an excellent business, and has the entire confidence of the public. The present officers are W. L. Blair, President; Robert Kerr, Vice President; O. C. Ewart, Cashier; and J. A. Williams, Assistant Cashier.

Evangelical Lutheran Church. - The first meeting of this society was held in a schoolhouse one mile south of Nevada, Rev. A. B. Kirtland, officiating. In the same year and at the same place by the same minister, the church was organized with thirty members, David Kreichbaum, Daniel Rex and James Gillam being remembered as among the number. The first church building was erected in April, 1859. It was a frame structure, and cost $1,175. Rev. A. B. Kirtland was the first pastor, and he was succeeded in 1861 by Rev. Hammer. Rev. Hamilton was engaged from 1862 to 1868; Rev. D. A. Kuhn from 1869 to 1877; Rev. H. Nodle, the present incumbent. There are now sixty members in the society. The present officers are Conrad Lohr, Samuel Bell, Mathias Maskey, Tilghman Balliet and Daniel Kreichbaum.

United Brethren Church. - The few original members of this organization held their first meeting in James McLaughlin's barn in May, 1857, Rev. Tabler officiating on that occasion. In 1860, an organization was effected through the efforts of Rev. D. W. Downey, the meeting being held for that purpose in Clave's hall. Twenty-eight members were listed at that time, James Hilborne acting as leader and Samuel Miller as Class Steward. In 1875, the society erected their first and present church building on an outlot of Cook's Addition to Nevada. It is a frame structure of 50x35 feet in dimensions, and was dedicated by Bishop J. Weaver. The cost of the building was $700. Rev. J. Paul was engaged on this work one year; Rev. J. P. Lea, two years; Rev. W. Nevill, one year; Rev. Easterbrook, one year; Rev. W. R. Leaword, one year, and Rev. George Bender to the present time. The present officers are J. Burnside, George Rinehart, Isaac Kemp and H. G. Lea, Trustees; H. G. Lea, leader, and Mrs. M. Fraize, Class Steward. The society now numbers ten members.

Methodist Episcopal Church. - As early as 1859, meetings were held by this society one-half mile north of Nevada, where perhaps the organization was efifected. In 1867, they erected their present church building, which is a brick structure 40x70 feet, and which cost $1,200. It is located on Lot No. 9, McLaughlin's Addition, and is rather a fine building. The list of pastors with the years they were engaged on this charge is as follows: Rev. Jacob Monsinger, one year; James Albright, one year; W. H. Painter, two years; B. A. Disney, two years; D. M. Conant, two years; G. L. Hannawalt, two years; C. H. Baldwin, two years; George A. Marshal, one year; Charles Galimore, one year; C. M. Gay, one year; Charles Crawford, one year. The present pastor is Rev. George Zeigler. The society now numbers eighty-nine members. The present officers are L. A. Pease; J. C. Rosegrant, W. A. White, Goodwin Hall and J. E. Funk.

Presbyterian Church. - This society was organized by Rev. J. P. Loyd, Rev. George Graham and Mr. John Black at the residence of James Anderson April 26, 1859. The organization then consisted of ten members, as follows: John Todd, Francis Todd, James L. Armstrong, Jane Armstrong, Joshua Cook, Elizabeth Cook, James Anderson, Elizabeth Anderson, Henry Aten and John Aten. The society erected their present brick building which is 30x110 feet in 1876, at a cost of $4,000. Rev. Thomas Wallace was first placed in this charge, and served about two years; Rev. J. P. Lower, eighteen months; Rev. S. A. Hummer, eighteen months; Rev. S. Cook, five years; Rev. R. J. Laughlin, one year; Rev. Matur (?), one year; Rev. O. C. Colmerry, one year. The present church officers are James Anderson, Joshua Cook and W^. H. Gay, Riiling Elders; Henry Aten, W. H. Cook and J. Gillam, Trustees. The society has Sabbath school in operation, which is in a flourishing condition.

Advent Christian Church. - This church was organized February 18, 1867, in the early part of the winter of which year Elder Jonas W^endell, of Pennsylvania, and Elder D. R. Mansfield and wife, of Michigan, came to Nevada and conducted a series of meetings in the Lutheran Church building, as a result of which there was an extensive revival, and the above named ministers assisted by Elder King effected an organization. Elder King was the prime mover in securing the services of the clergyman referred to, and had prepared the field for their effective work by having previously promulgated the doctrines of the Advent denomination to quite an extent throughout the vicinity. By his influence and that of others the services of the able Dr. G. W. Stetson, as pastor, were subsequently secured. Prominent among the original members were H. A. King, Henry Welty, Martin Bacon, Catharine McJuncken, Rebecca McJuncken, Martha Young, Cornelius McLaughlin, Benjamin Hopp, C. P. Hopp, Mary A. Hopp, R. M. Stewart, Truman Daily, George Benedict and Andrew Benedict. The first and present church building was erected in 1869, and was dedicated in October of the same year. The edifice is made of brick, and cost when completed and furnished $11,- 000. It is located within Antrim Township on lots two and three, of Petrey's Addition, and is 40x70 feet in size. Elder H. G. McCulloch was the first pastor engaged and remained with the chui'ch about one year; his brother, Elder Eusebius McCulloch was next called and was retained eleven years; Elder J. W. Hobbs, of New York began his pastorate November 20, 1881, and has continued to the present time (1884). The church has suffered some by the removal of many of its members to other parts of the country. During the pastorate of Elder E. INEcCulloch, Elder Miles Grant, a prominent Adventist Evangelist, of Boston, Mass. , came to Nevada and assisted in a series of meetings in which the church experienced quite a revival.

with the following ofificers: Mrs. W. J. Hobbs, President; Mrs. Charles Young, Vice President; Mrs. John Russell, Secretary; Mrs. Joseph Sponhauer ( ?), Treasurer. The church building has recently been provided with a bell and refurnished. The present officers of the society are Dr. R. M. Stewart, Benjamin Hopp, Truman Daily, William Snyder and Hirara Young, Trustees; John Russell and Cornelius McLaughlin, Deacons. A Sabbath school is kept up with considerable interest by the society, and is now in a prosperous condition, John Russell, Superintendent. The organization has always received liberal aid from those citizens of Nevada who are not members of any denomination.

Eden Cemetery Association

This company came into existence November 19, 1868, the original members being John Markley, John Kisor, Josiah Andreas, David Balliet, Tilman Balliet and Cyrus McCauly. At the time of the organization, John Kisor, Josiah Andreas and John Markley were elected Trustees, David Balliet, Treasurer, and Tilman Balliet, Clerk. The association purchased a tract of three acres one mile north of Nevada, at a cost of $600, exclusive of the expense of grading and fencing, and at once proceeded to lay off the ground in burial lots, selling the same to those who were able to purchase, and donating to those who were not. The grounds are kept in good condition, and the location is decidedly pleasant. The first remains deposited therein were those of Elizabeth Balliet, who died September 8, 1866. Since that time this city of the dead has made many accessions to its numbers. The association has been reduced by deaths, removals, etc., to two members - Cyrus Mc-CaulyandT. Balliet; the former is Treasurer, and the latter Secretary.

For some time after the town of Nevada had been surveyed, the schoolgoing population was so small as to render a special subdistrict inexpedient, and during this time the youth of the new village were compelled to " plod their weary way" to the district school one mile south of town. By the year 1863, however, the village had assumed metropolitan airs to such a degree as to render a village schoolhouse necessary, schools having been conducted for about three years previous in a town hall which was situated on Lot No. 20. The Nevada subdistrict was created in 1860, and the " special district" according to law in 1866. The first building was erected in the northeast part of town at a cost of 1590. It was a frame structure, and was in constant use up to the time of the completion of the new brick building in 1876. The old edifice was but one story in height, and contained two rooms, these being inadequate to accommodate the large and increasing number of pupils for some time before the new building was erected.

April 5, 1875, it was voted by the people of Nevada to raise by tax $8,000 for the erection of a new schoolhouse according to plans and specifications which were duly set forth; but this amount being insufficient to complete the edifice, a tax of $4,000 more was voted April 29, 1876. In the same year the work was completed, and the pupils systematically disposed in their new quarters, the total cost of the new building amounting to $14,- 500. It is one of the neatest and most convenient school buildings in this section of the State, and is the best evidence of the intelligence, culture and enterprise of the people of Nevada that could possibly be given. It con- tains six regular school rooms, besides the Superintendent's office and class room and basement. It is heated by the Theobald steam heater, manufactured at Canton, Ohio. The class rooms are well furnished, and the whole structure, interior and exterior, bears the marks of good taste and judgment in its construction.

The Superintendents or high school teachers who have had charge of the schools since the erection of the frame building in 1863, are as follows: J. L. Cook, Charles Williams, Emily Servis, Julia Moe, Mrs. L. Dumbaugh, Mollie Forbes, Mr. Nye, W. R. Crabbs, W. F. Car, Mr. Dwire, M. E. Stearnes and D. E. Niver. The schools are in excellent condition, and are managed by an efficient corps of teachers, headed by an able Superintendent, Mr. Niver, as mentioned above. The total number of pupils is about 290. The subordinate teachers are: I. C. Ginther, A Gx'animar Department; Mary Colby, B Grammar; Ida McDermot, Intermediate; Ida Peas, A Primary; Miss M. A. Barr, B Primary.

F. & A. M., Nevada Lodge, 343. - The few members of the Masonic fraternity in the vicinity of Nevada congregated at the store of Cook & Goodbread, where they conducted their preliminary meetings, which were quite frequent; and by the untiring efforts of the worthy brothers, John Tudhope, Benjamin Eaton, J. H. Crabbs, W. F. Goodbread and others, jurisdiction from adjoining lodges was obtained, and application was made to the Grand Lodge for a charter, which was received May 12, A. L. 5862, A. D. 1862. The first members under the dispensation were William B. Miller, John Tudhope, William F. Goodbread, James H. Gillam, Edward G. Steiner, William McJunkin, James S, Cummins, H. W. Williams, Peter Doty and James H. Crabbs.

November 6, A. L. 5862, the Most Worthy Grand Master, by his proxy, Brother M. Smith, by authority conferred by a charter granted by the Grand Lodge of the State of Ohio at its annual session held at the city of Columbus on the 21st day of October, A. L. 5862, proceeded to install the ofBcers, assisted by Brother M. H. Kirby as Deputy Grand Master, and Brother Sands as Grand Marshal. The charter was then read by the order of the Grand Master, whereupon the Grand Marshal proclaimed Nevada Lodge fully organized and authorized to take rank and precedence as Nevada Lodge, No. 343. And it was so. The names of the officers under the dispensation were as follows: William B. Miller, W. M. ; John Tudhope, S. W. ; William F. Goodbread, J. W. ; Peter Doty, Secretary; James S. Cummins, Treasurer; Ed. D. Steiner, S. D. ; James H. Crabbs, J. D. ; James H. Gillam, Tiler. The society has prospered since its organization, and now has a membership of forty-six, with $1,200 in the treasury. The regular time and place of meeting is the first Thursday on or before each full moon, at Nevada. The present officers are Thaddeus B. Armstrong, W. M. ; George W. Gregg, S. W. ; Joseph M. Wilcox, J. W. ; James N. Goodbread, Secretary; William F. Goodbread, Treasurer; David B. Wolf, S. D. ; John A. Ankrum, J. D. ; A. B. Stansell, Tiler.

I. O. O. F., Nevada Lodge, No. 025. - The dispensation for this society was received from the Grand Lodge of the State of Ohio June 2, 1876. The first members under the dispensation were M. R. Hull, J. D. Rex, A. A. Harding, J. C. Rosegrant and G. Hall. The officers installed under the dispensation were M. R. Hull, N. G. ; J. D. Rex, V. G. ; A. A. Harding, Secretary; J. C. Rosegrant, P. G. ; G. Hall, Treasurer. The order first held its meetings in the Hull Block, but, after two years, removed to E. Lidle's block, where their meetings are still conducted. The present membership is twenty-five, and the financial condition is good. The present officers are J. C. Rosegrant, N. G. ; Benjamin Hopp, V. G. ; Samuel Fisher; W. H. Gay.

Knights of Honor, Lodge 277. - The dispensation granting a charter to this society was received from the Grand Lodge April 7, 1876, the members under the dispensation being A. J. Flaherty, H. F. Bemendefer, Samuel Bever, J. C. DeJean, C. H. Denjer, J. N. Good bread, B. F. Hopp, C. P. Jones, Henry Kurtz, John Klingler, H. G. Lea, John McMahon, C. Pfisterer, B. F. Smith, B. W. Nye, A. N. Sawyer, H. W. Williams, W. B. Woolsey, H. H. Welsh and D. B. Wolf. At the organization, H. W. Williams was installed as Dictator; H. H. Welsh, V. D. ; S. Bever, Assistant D.; A. J. Flaherty, Chaplain; H. G. Lea, Guide; T. C. DeJean, liep. ; J. N. Goodbread, F. R. ; A. N. Sawyer, Treasurer; B. F. Smith, Guardian; John Klingler, Sentry; B. W. Shay, W. B. Woolsey and C. Pfisterer, Trustees; D. B. Wolf, Post Dictator. The financial standing of the order is reported good; the number of members is now twenty-five. The present officers are: John Russell, Dictator; James McMahon, Vice Dictator; H. G. Lea, Assistant Dictator; A. J. Gillam, Chaplain; J. A. Brown, Rep; A. N. Sawyer, F. R. ; J. W. Goodbread, Treasurer; H. L. Snyder, Guide; W. B. Woolsey, Guardian; A. Cromer, Sentry. The society meets on Monday evening of each week, in I. O. O. F. Hall, Lidle building.

G. A. R., Leith Post, No. 127, Department "of Ohio. - This post was organized by Mustering Officer Col. H. A. Brown, in 1881, the charter being received from the headquarters Department of Ohio, August 24 of that year. The charter members were J. K. Ankrum, J. A. Brown. Irvin Bacon, R. B. Conaut, T. C. DeJean, E. W. Davis, G. W. Gregg, Daniel Good, John Hehr, M. N. Keltner, J. S. Leith, T. P. Miller, R. C. Miller, William Montee, C. O. Oldfield, John Russell, R. M. Stewart, B. F. Smith, J. A. Stewart, A. N. Sawyer and Levi Wilson. At the organization of the post, the members were commissioned as follows: J. A. Stewai't, P. C. ; J. A. Brown, S. V. C. ; J. S. Leith, J. V. C. ; John Russell, Chaplain; Dr. R. M. Stewart, Surgeon; A. B. Conant, Adjutant; T. P. Miller, Quartermaster; Levi Wilson, O. D.; B. F. Smith, S. M. ; J. A. Ankrum, Q. M. S. ; R. C. Miller, O. G. Since its organization, the post has held its meetings in the I. O. O. F. Hall. The present membership is forty-one, and the order is in good condition financially. The present officers are : Orin Campbell, P. C; Wesley Grubb, S. V. C. - Amos Miller, J. V. C. ; Rev. D. S. Caldwell, Chaplain; Dr. R. M. Stewart; L B. Kemp, Q. M.; J. A. Ankrum, O. D. ; Samuel Fisher, O. G. ; J. S. Leith, S. M.; Eli Maskey, Q. M. S.

Official

At the spring election of 1866, the first town officers of Nevada were elected. W. R. DeJean has the honor of being the first to occupy the Mayor's chair, and Valentine Dombaugh was elected first Recorder. The original Councilmen, as shown by the old records, were E. R. Welsh, William McJunckins, John Tudhope, C. P. Hopp and C. F. Hoftman, the sixth member being unrecorded. In the course of events, the history of these officers has partially repeated itself, W^. R. DeJean being re elected to the Mayorship in the spring of 1884. The present Recorder is R. E. Morris.

Biographical Sketches

JAMES ANDERSON is a native of Lancaster County, Penn., born September 9, 1813. His parents, Hugh and Sarah (Miller) AndersoD were natives of the same county, were of Irish and Scotch descent, were married there and reared a family of nine children. They removed to Washington County, Penn., in 1821, and to Ashland County, Ohio, in 1833, there purchasing 160 acres of land on which he resided until his death which occurred about 1819-50, his wife's decease taking place about one year later. James Anderson resided with his parents in the counties of Lancaster, Penn., and Ashland, Ohio, and attended the schools afforded in those times. He was married in Ashland County, January 25, 1838, to Elizabeth Hillborn, born December 27, 1819, daughter of Amos and Mary (George) HUlborn, her parents being natives of Pennsylvania, and of Irish parantage. The children resulting from this marriage wero Rachel A., born November 20, 1841; May M., September 3, 1813; Sarah E., May 5, 1845; James L., May 6, 1847; Peggy J., May 18, 1850; Catharine J., August 5, 1852; Hannah M., January 13, 1855. An infant and Joseph Mc. are deceased. The latter was born July 4, 1840. He enlisted in the three months' service under Capt. Kirby, in April, 1861, and at the close of his service enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and First Ohin Volunteer Infantry, for three years. He was killed in the battle at Rocky Face Ridge May 11, 1864, and is buried in Southern soil. In 1846, our subject removed from Ashland to this county and purchased dt the sales eighty acres on Indian Run. This farm, purchased at $2.65 per acre, he has cleared and improved and now values the same at $80 per acre. He has a comfortable home in Nevada - the fruit of hard labor, se^-ved as Trustee several years; was one of the founders of the Presbyterian society at Nevada, having been an Elder over forty years, and is highly esteemed as a citizen, favoring the Republican policy of government.

JOSEPH BACHTELL, deceased, was born in Frederick County, Penn. , September 14, 1805. His father. Christian Bachtell, was born in Pennsylvania February 11, 1772, and his mother, Catharine (Smith) Bachtell in the same State February 17, 1771. The children were Jacob, Samuel, Lanah, Susan, Christian, Joseph, Catharine and David. The father died in Stark County, Ohio, February 18, 1828; the mother in this county June 11, 1846. Joseph Bachtell was married in Stark County, Ohio, November 5, 1829, to Ann M. Moore, daughter of William and Mary (Gil let) Moore; the former born in Maryland in 1778, the latter in same State August 20, 1778, their children having been John, Ann M. and Elizabeth. Her parents were married March 31, 1805, the father dying in this county in June, 1855; her mother in Stark County November 27, 1842. Joseph Bachtell came from Stark County, Ohio, in 1845 and purchased 100 acres of land in Antrim Township, which he labored on till 1875, when he removed to Nevada, where his death occurred July 30, 1883. His wife previously departed February 9, 1872. He was a man of good character and generous impulses. His children were Susan, born August 29, 1830; Samuel, April 17, 1833; Henry, September 5, 1835; Uriah L., August 3, 1837; Mary L., March 23, 1840; Sarah E., August 27, 1842; Adah, May 11, 1844, and Emmet E., April 6, 1849.

EMMET E. BACHTELL resided with his parents till about twentylive years of age, and obtained a good education in the common schools. He has always resided on the homestead, where his father located in 1845, and is an energetic and successful farmer. He was married, Februaiy 18, 1875, to Miss Nancy 0. Castanien, daughter of John and Christina (Alspoch) Castanien, natives of Perry County, Ohio. (See sketch of John Castanien - Pitt Township). Mr. and Mrs. Bachtell have oae child - Elton E, born February 17, 1876. They are membf^rs of the Emanuel Reformed Church and held in high esteem by the members of the community in which they reside. In politics, Mr. Bachtell is a Republican. He had two brothers in the late war - Uriah L. and Samuel.

SAMUEL BACHTELL enlisted in the Fifteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was made Second Lieutenant, and served three months, subsequently enlisting in the three years' service, holding the same rank. He was detailed for duty in the Signal Service at Munfordville, Ky., on Gen. Thomas' staff, in March, 1863, remaining on this duty till promoted to First Lieutenant, with an order to return to his regiment. This order was countermanded by Gen. Rosecrans, however, and he was ordered by the Secretary of War to report for examination, after which he was made Captain of the Signal Corps September 1, 1864. He was assigned to duty as Chief Signal Officer of the Army of the Cumberland, on Thomas' staff, but was subsequently transferred to Gen. Sherman's staff by the request of the latter, having been complimented for getting dispatches from Marietta to Rome, Ga., thereby saving the garrison two million rations and 8,000 head of beef cattle. Mr. Bachtell was with Sherman to the sea, and in the campaigns of the Carolinas, witnessing the surrender of Johnson's army. At Washington, he was promoted to Brevet Major for meritorious service rendered in the campaign of Atlanta, Savannah and the Carolinas. He was mustered out of service in June, 1866, having been the only Captain in the regular signal corps from the State of Ohio, though twelve were presented at the Senate for contirmation. He had thirty officers and 250 men under his command, and received several letters from Gen. Sherman complimenting him on his successful management.

IRVIN BACON was born in Crawford County, Ohio, December 1, 1837. He is a son of Charles and Parmelia (Nation) Bacon, natives of Pennsylvania and Tennessee respectively, and born in the respective years, 1801 and 1811. His parents were married in Bucyrus about 1833-34, and resided in Crawford County most of their lives. His father was a carpenter and miller, and did some work at various other trades, closing his life in 1851; his mother died in 1877. The children of the family were Ralph W. , Irvin, Martin F., John D. and Catharine J. Irvin, the subject of this sketch, resided with his parents until his father's death, and then began life on his own resources. He was employed two years in a carding factory at Bucyrus, and was subsequently employed in various kinds of labor till he enlisted in the army August 11, 1861. Through the unauthorized action of Col. Harland, he became a member of the Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, and participated in the battles of Big Bethel, Newport News, siege of Suffolk, South Quay, Franklin, South Anna Bridge, Asbland Station, Jackson, Bottom's Bridge, King's Court House, Garrett's Station, Petersburg, Pine Level, Roa,noke Station, Ream's Station, Stony Creek, Jerusalem Plank Road, Charles City Road, Darby Town Road and many other minor engagements. He was captured at Darby Town Road, and held in custody in the Libby, Salisbury and Danville Prisons from October 7, 1864, to February, 1865. On the 22d of the latter month, he was parolled, and in the month of March, 1865, he was exchanged and joined his regiment, the war ending with Lee's surrender a few days later. Mr. Bacon was promoted to Sergeant; then to First Sergeant, 1862; Second Lieutenant, July 1, 1864; and to Captain, October 1, 1864. He served his country four years and eight days, receiving his discharge August 19, 1865. In

1866, Mr. Bacon purchased eighty acres of his present farm, where he has since been engaged in agriculture and stock-raising, now controlling 139 acres, valued at 175 per acre. He has dealt some in line stock, and usually keeps good grades. He is a stanch Republican, and served as Assessor two years; Trustee two years, and was a candidate for Sheriff in 1883. Mr. Bacon was married, March 1, 1866, to Azaba Leith (see sketch of Hiram Leith), who died May 17, 1878, leaving one child - Clara, born July 1,

1867. His second marriage to Mrs. Lydia Grove, nee Spenny, occurred May 10, 1881, and one child - Carl - was born to them October 24, 1883. By her first marriage Mrs. Bacon had six children, namely, Jonas E., Emma v., Aaron A., Dorsey L., James H. and William H. Mr. Bacon is a member of Grange No. 771, K, of H. , 277, and G. A. R., 127. He is a very energetic and successful business man and is popular as a citizen.

SAMUEL BEVER, proprietor of the Nevada Planing Mill and Lumber Yard, was born in Seneca County, Ohio, August 30, 1833. His parents were George and Sabina (Bretz) Bever, the former a native of Rockingham County, Va. , born March 22, 1800; the latter born in Pennsylvania. There were eleven children in the family, the only living at the present time being Melissa A., Samuel, Joseph, xldaliae, Sarah A., Gideon and Amanda. The father died in Seneca County in 1869, the mother in 1874. Samuel Bever, our subject, resided with his parents on the farm, attending the district schools till 1860. On January 11 of that year, he was married to Chistina Miller, born in Crawford County in the year 1835, daughter of Daniel and Lovina (Stratton) Miller. By this marriage, three children were born - Ross A., October 12. 1860; Earl R., May 15, 1863; and Sabina E., July 19, 1873. In 1867, Mr. Bever removed to Nevada, and established himself in the saw mill business, which he conducted four years. He next engaged in the walnut lumber trade one year, and erected his planing mill in 1872. He now does a flourishing business, manufacturing to order all kinds of doors, sash, store fronts, etc., usually employing six workmen. Mr. Bever served one year as Trustee of Eden Township, and four years in the Council. He is a Democrat and member of the Knights of Honor - Post Dictator. His father. George Bever, settled in this county in 1824.

I,: : AVILLIAM L. BLAIR, President Nevada Deposit Bank, is a son of James and Sarah A. (Lineberry) Blair, and was born in Warren County, N. J. , December 20, 1831. His parents were of Scotch ancestry, who emigrated from that country in 1729 and 1749, and settled in New Jersey to aid in establishing civil and religious liberty. They were instrumental in establishing Princeton College, New Jersey, John Blair having been Vice President and Professor, and Samuel Blair having been chosen President but resigning in favor of Dr. Wetherspoon, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. James and Sarah Blair were married in Warren County, N. J., where they resided the greater portion of their lives. After the death of his wife, which occuri'ed August 8, 1853, Mr. Blair migrated to Ohio, settling in this county, on what is known as the Judge Welch farm, near the village of Mexico, residing here till his death, which occui'red September 17, 1867. He had served as a soldier in the war of 1812. There were eight children of the family, six of whom survive, viz. : William L., Emeline, Matilda, Theodore F., Caroline and James A. The deceased were

Marshal and Malinda. The father owned nearly 1,000 acres of improved land at the time of his death. In early life, he was a prominent citizen of New Jersey, having filled several responsible county offices. He was influential as a citizen and highly respected in his community. William L., the subject of this sketch, obtained the rudiments of an education in the district schools of New Jersey. He resided on the farm till eighteen years of age, when he embarked in life on his own resources. He first came to this county in 1853, to engage in the stock business, driving cattle and sheep over the mountains to Eastern markets. Attracted by the fertile lands in the Sandusky Valley, he decided to make this county his future home, and purchased 160 acres of improved land, near Sycamore, settling here permanently in the spring of 1854. Since that time, Mr. Blair has been identified with various business enterprises; he was one of the incorporators of the Nevada Deposit Bank, which began business in May 5, 1873, and at the first meeting of its stockholders, May 5, 1873, he was elected President, still holding that position. He is also President of the Farmers' Bank, of Winfield, Kan., and one of its principal stockholders. He owns a valuable and well- improved farm, near the corporation of Nevada, and is one of the substantial citizens of the county. Mr. Blair was married December 16, 1857, to Henrietta B. Fox, daughter of Charles C. and Caroline (Boyd) Fox, natives of New York and Kentucky respectively, of Scotch descent, and residents at that time, of this county, but now deceased. Six children are the fruits of this marriage. Idella B. was born November 5, 1858; Francis P., February 2, 1860; Caroline S., August 24, 1861; James A., May 7, 1863; William C, August 18, 1866; Mary E., June 3, 1874. Mr. Blair has been highly successful as a financier, and is held in high esteem as a citizen. He is a Republican, himself and family being associated with the Methodist Episcopal Church.

EMANUEL BOWLBY was born in Somerset County, Penn., September 19, 1821; he is a sou of James and Sarah (Gross) Bowlby, natives of Hunterdon County, N. J., and Somerset County, Penn., the former born September 11, 1796, the latter April 1, 1801. His parents were married in Somerset County, Penn., and resided there till March, 1831, moving to Crawford County, Ohio, in 1852, the father dying there in 1870, the mother in 1859. His father died of apoplexy, falling in the Nevada Depot. There were fourteen children in the family, nine living - Emanuel, James, Joseph, Jacob, Hannah, Elizabeth, Maria, Catharine and Sarah. Mr. B. resided with his parents till of age; he then rented land, and farmed two years in Wayne County, and seven yeai's in Stark County, moving to Wyandot, and locating on his present farm of eighty acres in 1852. This farm was purchased while covered by a dense growth of timber, but has been cleared and improved by Mr. Bowlby till it is now valued at $75 per acre. Mr. Bowlby was married April 7, 1842, to Sarah Stall, native of Wayne County, Ohio, born November 11, 1822, daughter of Michael and Sarah (Bowers) Stall, natives of Somerset County, Penn., the former born in 1792, the latter in 1795. They had eleven children, six living - Abraham, Henry, William, Elizabeth, Sarah, Barbara. The deceased are George, Michael, Jackson, John and Susan. The father died in 1841, the mother in 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Bowlby have ten children living, namely: Samantha, wife of Levi Lawbright, deceased, born October 22, 1843; Rachel, wife of U. L. Bachtell, born December, 1844; Dr. W.. July 4, 1846; Hester A., wife of Mitchel Sigler, born September 5, 1848; Lydia, wife of Lewis Dinkle, born March 7, 1850; Wellington, July 27, 1851; Nelson, October 18, 1854; Mar- shall, May 9, 1858; Alice, wife of James H. Traxler, October 16, 1860; William Sherman, April 15, 1864; James, January 11, 1868; Marshall and an infant are deceased. Mr. Bowlby has a comfortable home, and is well respected throughout his community; a Republican, politically.

ABRAHAM BROWN was born March 3, 1822. He is a native of Wayne County, Ohio, and is a son of Henry and Margaret (Nitz) Brown, natives of Pennsylvania. His father was born February 22, 1798, was married in Pennsylvania, and removed to Wayne County, Ohio, about 1818. In 1826, he brought his family to this county, and located near Wyandot Village. In 1828, his first wife died, and in 1830 he was married to Elizabeth Nitz, of Fairfield County, Ohio; he subsequently moved to Belle Vernon, residing in this county till his death in August, 1881. By his first marriage there were five children, three living - David I., Lucretia and Abraham, the former a prominent lawyer in Ottawa, Ohio; Lucretia, now Mrs, Johnson, resides in Minnesota. Abraham Brown, the subject of this sketch, resided with his parents till eighteen years of age. He then paid his father $95 for the remainder of his minor years, and began business for himself, working four years by the month for S. Bretz. He continued in this work till twenty-four; then rented land one year, purchasing fifty-three acres in 1845. on which farm he lived twenty-five years. By subsequent purchases, INEr. Brown has increased his possessions till he now owns 685 acres, valued at $60 to $75 per acre. He has done an extensive farming and stock business; his operations having all been confined to this county; he has done considerable in the sheep business, and usually keeps good grades. Mr. Brown was married March 20, 1845, to Mary J. Ekleberry, a native of Muskingum County, born May 4, 1826. Her parents were Ezekiel and Mary (Towbridge) Eckleberry, and were married in Muskingum County, subsequently moving to this county, and locating near Belle Vernon about 1830; her father and mother are both dead. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have had eleven children, seven living, namely: Ezekiel, born January 24, 1850; Mary A, April 12, 1854; Ella, April 3, 1856; Kate. December 29, 1857; Effie C, January 12, 1860; Abraham L., March 5, 1862; Charles F., March 3, 1863. Mr. Brown has been a resident of this county fifty-eight years, and has done considerable for its development; he was one of the first settlers, having worked one year on the old Mission farm, and is quite familiar with the Indian language and customs. He is ranked among the foremost farmers of the county, and one of its most worthy citizens.

JOSEPH A. BROWN was born in Ashland County, Ohio, July 16, 1844. He is a son of James S. and Rebecca (Zimmerman) Brown, the former a native of Ross County, Ohio, the latter of Huntingdon County, Penn. He was reared to manhood in his native county and educated in the district schools, enlisting May 1, 1861, in Company G, Twenty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under command of Gen. Rosecraus. His regiment at length halted on the banks of the Monongahela, West Virginia, from whence Mr. Brown made his first trip as scout, engaging in an action near Fort Pickens with a party of " bushwhackers," and on his return to camp at Camp Scott, his father, who was a teamster iu the same company, was fatally seized with typhoid fever. He was afterward moved to Camp Lookout, where he died October 1, 1861, at the home of a colored family. In this situation, Mr. Brown had the trying experience of making his own father's coffin, of boards torn from an old corn crib, and burying him with his own hands in an old graveyard near by. He then joined his regiment, and in the winter of 1862, with a scouting party of twenty, captured twenty prisoners, and fired but three shots, after which he was ordered East in August of that year. He subsequently participated in the battles of Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, aod othex's. Being wounded at the latter place, he was kept at the hospital several weeks, joining his regiment at Charleston, where he x'e-enlisted December 18, 18G3. He was afterward engaged as scout under Capt. Blazer for Gens. Crooks and Sheridan, and passed through some thrilling experiences. On the morning of October 4, 1864, he was captured by four of Mosby's rebels, disguised as Union soldiers, while on his way to Cedar Creek, and escaped only by shooting three of the guards, this being done by the assistance of a fellow-prisoner. The history of this capture and escape is replete with incident and interest, but the limits of this sketch will not admit its thrilling details. Besides the battles enumerated above, Mr. Brown was engaged at Opequon, Winchester, Cedar Creek, Snicker's Gap, Fisher's Hill, Cloyd's Mountain, Lynchburg, Petersburg and Fredericksburg. He was honorably discharged August 5, 1865, and returned to Wellington, Lorain County, where he engaged in the tinner's trade one year. He then removed to Ashland, where he engaged in the same business till 1867, when he came to Nevada, and went into the employ of David and William Balliet, with whom he remained live years. Mr. Brown was married, August 4, 1867, to Miss Mary J. Smith, whose letters addressed to him in " care of Capt. Blazer, commanding scouts," had so nearly betrayed his position to his captors. She is the daughter of Wilson and Eliza (Simmons) Smith, early settlers of Crawford County. This marriage has been followed by four children, viz., lona (born July 27, 1870), Adella (November 15, 1872), James W. (September 10, 1874), Daisy (November 10, 1878). Mrs. B. was born in Crawford County December 3, 1846. Mr. Brown has been chief of the fire department in Nevada since its organization in 1870; was Marshal one term, and now a member of the Council. He is a member of the K. of H., L O. O. F., and G. A. U., having passed all the chairs of the respective orders.

BENJAMIN F. BRYANT, son of Isaac Bryant (see sketch), was born in the house where he now resides May 29, 1858. He resided with his parents till his father's death, his mother subsequently removing to Bucyrus, where she still lives. He was educated by a governess in his own home, the truant tricks of the average school boy being unknown to him. After abandoning his studies, he engaged two years in the dry goods and grocery trade with his brother, Charles Bryant, carrying a stock of goods valued at $4,000 to $5,000, but has since devoted his time to agi-icultural pursuits and stock-raising, doing an extensive business. Mr. Bryant was married, March 17, 1880, to Ella De Lancy, daughter of Joseph and Rebecca (Deardoff ) De Lancy, now residents of Bucyrus. She was born in Richland County, Ohio, January 3, 1863. Mi'. Bryant is a young man of large business experience, good character, and genial disposition, commanding the respect of his entire community. He controls considerable property, assisted in his efiforts bv an accomplished wife.

SAMUEL BURBAUGH, son of Conrad and Mary (Beckman) Burbaugh, natives of Germany, was born in Marion County, Ohio, March 25, 1846. He resided with his parents till twenty- two years of age; then farmed rented land two years, and purchased his present farm of eighty acres in 1875. Since that date, he has been engaged in this county farming and raising stock, doing a good business. Mr. Burbaugh was married, January 19, 1872, to Barbara Weist, a native of Morrow County, born October 4, 1853, daughter of Christopher and Mary (Wilt) Weist, natives of Germany and

Pennsylvania respectively. (See sketch of C. Weist, Pitt Township.) The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Burbaugh has been blessed by live children, namely: Anna C, born March 27, 1872; Mary L., March 7, 1874; Lena, July 25, 1876; Bertha E., April 5, 1878; and Frank J., May 27, 1881. Lena is deceased. In politics, Mr. Burbaugh is a Democrat. He and Mrs. Burbaugh are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

CHARLES W. BURKE was born in West Haven, Vt., November 30, 1832. He is the son of Sirenve and Tirza (Wheton) Burke, natives of Hubbertown and Fair Haven, Vt. , respectively, the former born April 2, 1795, the latter October 31, 1802. His parents were married by Rev. Daniel Kent March 19, 1818, and in 1850 settled in this county, where Mr. Barke died February 8, 1882, aged nearly eighty-seven years. Mrs. Burke still survives. Charles W., the subject of this notice, was brought to Ashland County by his parents in 1834, and was there reared and educated. In 1850, he came with them to this county, where he has since made his home. He was married, January 1, 1807, to Miss Henrietta A. Cavens, a native of Knox County, born January 9, 1834, daughter of John and Rachel (Paxten) Cavens, both natives of Loudon County, Va., the former born September 22, 1790, the latter August 22, 1800. Her parents were early settlers of this county, the father dying April 8, 1867, the mother April 12, 1868. Mr. and Mrs. Burke have four children living, viz.: Milo W., born April 27. 1869; Mary P., Februarv 16, 1871; Clara T., November 8, 1873, and Hattie A., May 24, 1876; Bennie F., born February 20, 1879, died July 14, 1879, and an infant son is also deceased. Mr. Burke served as Justice of Antrim Township nine years, and as Mayor of Nevada six years. He spent two summers in Colorado, and has since established a cattle ranch in Kansas, owning, with Mr. Shepherd Martin, 1,500 acres of land and 1,000 head of cattle. He is a live business man, and an active Republican, highly esteemed in his community.

JAMES BURNSIDE was born in Seneca County, Ohio, July 3, 1827. He is a son of Joseph and Sarah (Vanette) Burnside, who were natives of Butler County, Penn., and Essex, N. J., the father born September 20, 1804, the mother January 26, 1809. His parents were married in Seneca County, and resided there most of their lives, his father having located in that locality in 1817. Their children were James, Joseph W., John, Nancy J., Isabel, Rebecca and Abigail, living, and Martha, Tabitha, Benjamin F. and Abel, deceased. The father died May 6, 1875, the mother January 16, 1854. James Burnside, the subject of this notice, resided with his parents till near twenty-seven years of age. In November, 1853. he purchased 120 acres of his present farm, to which he has since added eighty acres, and has since been engaged here in tilling the soil, his farm being valued at $90 per acre. Mr. B. was married, May 1, 1855, to Catharine Neikirk, a native of Seneca County, born June 11, 1830, daughter of Michael and Christina (Smith) Neikirk, natives of Maryland and Pennsylvania I'espectively. Her parents were married in Pennsylvania, and soon after removed to Seneca County, Ohio, where her father died May 17, 1880, her mother August 31, 1849. Mr. and Mrs. Burnside had seven children, namely: Emmet T., born April 4, 1856; Sarah A., December 11, 1857; John O., May 7, 1859; Kate F. I., June 20, 1860; Michael W., October 4, 1862; James E., December 16, 1867; Estie L., November 14, 1870. Mr. Burnside is a member of the United Brethren Church, a Democrat in politics, and one of the honorable, successful and well-respected farmers of the township.

REV. DAVID S. CALDWELL was born in Washington County, Md., December 22, 1820. He is a son of William and Susanna (Curfman) Caldwell, the former a native of Cumberland County, Penn., the latter of Frederick County, Md. He was reared to manhood in Hagerstown, Md. , and was there educated. In 1848, he removed to Seneca County, Ohio, and entered the ministry of the United Brethren Church, with which he was connected from 1857 to 1883. Since the latter date, he has been connected with the Tiffin classes of the Ohio Synod of the Reformed Church, and is at present date pastor of the congregation at Berwick, Seneca County, and Zion's Bloom, Hancock County. He labored in Upper Sandusky during the years 1865, 1866 and 1867, and was four years Presiding Elder of the United Brethren Church, taking up his abode in Nevada in April, 1882. Mr. Caldwell was mustered into the service at Monroeville, September 24, 1862, and recruited Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, being commissioned First Lieutenant September 24, 1862, and promoted to Captain in the following February, 1863. As one of the casualties of war, he became a prisoner June 15, 1863, in a three days' engagement with rebel forces of Gen. Ewell's corps at Winchester, W. Va. ; was taken to Richmond, and after eight months' confinement in Libby Prison he, with others to the number of over 100, escaped by means of a tunnel from said prison February 9, 1864, and with fifty-seven of the 100 succeeded in reaching the Union lines, the balance being re captured and re imprisoned. Mr. C, as a result of the fortunes of war, is very much broken in constitution, but is still engaged in the ministry upon the beforementioned charge to the extent of his ability. He was married, August 8, 1843, to Sarah Creager, four children blessing this union, viz., Susan J., Henry C. , Sarah J., and Laura B. Mrs. Caldwell passed away June 1, 1859, and Mr. C. was re-married, September 20, 1860, to Sarah J. Doyle, four children being born to this union, namely, James E., Angie M. , Blanch D. and Alpha O. Rev. Caldwell is held in high esteem by the people of his community both as a citizen and a public minister.

JAMES P. CHANCE was born in Harrison County, Ohio, March 31, 1841. He is a son of Aaron and Jane (Beall) Chance, the former born in Jefferson County, Ohio, May 27, 1816, the latter in Washington County, Penn. , January 6, 1817. They were married in Harrison County, Ohio, March 26, 1840, where they resided till 1852, when they moved to Crawford County, Ohio, where they still live. Their children were James P., born March 31, 1841; Sarah I., June 20, 1843; Minerva J., June 12, 1845; Zephaniah B., May 26, 1855; William A., July 10, 1859; the first three of these were born in Harrison County, the others in Crawford County. Sarah I. died September 18, 1877, and Minerva J. April 23, 1869. James P., ouisubject, resided with his parents till twenty-one year of age. He obtained his first start in business by procuring a sheep, which has increased its value many fold. He was engaged in farming and stock-raising in partnership with his father three years, and was at home more or less till his marriage, except the years 1868-69, since then transacting his business independently. After his marriage, Mr. Chance I'ented land two years in Crawford County, purchasing eighty acres in Fulton County, Ind., in 1872, and residing there till 1878, at which time he traded for his present farm of sixty acres, where he has since been engaged. He was married October 27, 1870, to Elizabeth J. Pendry, a native of Richland County, Ohio, born November 8, 1848, daughter of James J. and Jane (Andrews) Pendry, the former born January 25, 1823, the latter June 16, 1820. Her parents were married in

Richland County, December 3, 1846, and their children were Elizabeth J. , born November 3, 1848; Mary A., November 25, 1849; Ada A., December 23, 1850; James F., December 17, 1852; Sarah E. R., January 5, 1855; Thompson G., February 28, 1857; Robert F., January 17, 1859. The infant daughter died July 16, 1847; Ada A., May 12, 1852; and Robert F., February 26, 1860. Mrs. Chance's grandfather was born February 20, 1787, and her grandmother, Elizabeth (Duncan) Pendry, October 10, 1790, their children being Margaret A., Elmer J., James J. and Clarkson S. Mr. and Mrs. Chance have had six children - James M., born in Crawford County, July 30, 1871; Herbert, born in Fulton County, Ind., March 9, 1873; Louis E., born in same county April 13, 1875, died May 13, 1876; Edna E., born October 25, 1877; Sarah O., born in this county September 3, 1879; Elmer, September 6, 1883. Mr. Chance's paternal grandfather, a native of Maryland, moved to Jefferson County, Ohio, where he married and had two children, tbe youngest of whom was Aaron. Mrs. Chance was a daughter of James P. and Sarah (Leonard) Beall. Mr. Beall was born March 3, 1795, and his wife March 22 of the same year. They were married January 6, 1817, and had two children, Jane and Zenas; the latter was born September 28, 1818. Mrs. Beall died September 28, 1818, and Mr. Beall married for his second wife Minerva Huff, December 9, 1819. This union was blest with eleven children, three of whom are living - James P., born May 13, 1828; Minerva, August 28, 1839; and Zephaniah, born February 19, 1847. James P. Beall, Sr. , died in Crawford County, Ohio, February 24, 1869. His widow survived him about six years, her death occurring January 15, 1875.

JAMES L. COOK, of the firm of Cook & Morris, Nevada, was born in Harrison County, Ohio, March 1, 1830. He is a son of Joshua and Elizabeth (Larkins) Cook, the former born in Steubenville, Ohio, September 6, 1800. His father's residence was then the only building in that place, and he removed with his parents two years later to Virginia, where he spent his early years, coming again to Ohio in 1824. He was married in Carroll County in 1826, and subsequently purchased 100 acres in this county, where he died December 15, 1860. The decease of his wife (born May 4. 1806) occurred in November, 1878. They were the parents of seven children - Solomon, James L., John W., Joshua and William H. surviving. The deceased are Nancy and Catharine. James L. , our subject, obtained a fair education in the district schools of Seneca County, closing his educational pursuits at the Hayesville Academy at the age of twenty-four. At nineteen he began teaching in the old log school houses, continuing this in ccmnection with farming for several years, teaching fifteen terms. In 1855, Mr. Cook gave up farming and spent two years in the West, returning two years later and establishing himself in a general store at Nevada, where he has since been engaged in mercantile pursuits. He is the oldest merchant of Nevada, having begun as clerk in the employ of William McJunkin in 1854. He has been quite successful in business, nuw owning 100 acres of good land and thirteen town lots. Mr. Cook was married May 24, 1860, to Miss Jane Gregg, daughter of Samuel and Rebecca (Berrington) Gregg, six children having been born to them - Elizabeth F. was born March 17, 1862; Edith M., May 23, 1864; Alice B., April 22, 1866; Martha R., August 17, 1868; Elvaretta J., September 19, 1871. The deceased was an infant son, born March 9, 1861. Mr. Cook is a Republican. He served as Justice of the Peace in this township six years, as Notary Public twelve years, and several years as a member of the Town Council - being now a member. He is also a member of the Knights of Honor, and highly esteemed.

LOUIS CEANER, son of Christian and Elizabeth (Smith) Craner, was born in Crawford County, Ohio, May 27, 1836. His parents were natives of Germany, and emigrated to America when quite young. They located near Galion. where they resided most of their lives, the father dying October 10, 1867, the mother in January, 1879, They had eight children, namely: Henry, Louis, Mary, Elizabeth, Christian, Caroline, Eose A. and Anna - all living but Caroline. Mr. Craner remained the allotted time with his parents and then worked out by the month, four years, at $10, $11, $12 and $15 per month respectively. He then farmed rented land seven years, and purchased 127 acres, his present farm, in 1867. His farm is in good condition, and valued at $85 to $100 per acre. Mr. Craner was married October 29, 1865, to Mary J. Beach, of Crawford County, Ohio; born April 9, 1817, daughter of Peter and Magdalene (Myers ) Beach, natives of Germany and Pennsylvania respectively. Her parents were married in Crawford County, where her father was a prominent farmer, owning 420 acres of land. He died in October, 1865. His wife is still living in Crawford County, in her sixty-fifth year. Their children were Eebecca, Mary J., Levi, Samuel, Laui-a A., Charley E. , Elizabeth, Henry, Catharine, Isaac, Anna and an infant - the latter five deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Craner are blessed with five children, namely: Amanda M. , born Mai'ch 8, 1867; Charles W., March 24, 1870; Levi H, November 10, 1873; Magdalena M., May 14, 1875; Emma, October 23, 1881. Hany A., born July 19, 1880, died August 11, 1880. Mr. Craner began life a poor boy, but by honest industry has accumulated an excellent farm. He is a good Democrat, and is, with his wife, a member of the Lutheran Church.