Auburn Township (part 1 of 2)

Auburn Township

E. E. ASHLEY, fanner and stock-dealer; P. O. Tiro. Tliere is uo family more worthy of notice in the history of Crawford Co., than the Ashley family. Ebenezer Ashley, the father of our subject, was born in New York, May 6. 1804, and came to Aubm-u Township, Crawford Co., Ohio, in 1830. Mary Aumend, the mother, was a native of Pennsylvania, and was bom in 1812. Her father, Adam Aumend, came with his family to Aubm-n Township in 1819, it then being an almost iinbroken wilderness. Ebenezer Ashley and Mary Aumend were united in mairiage in Auburn Township, Nov. 21. 1830, and to them were born six children - Clarissa, Philo. Franklin, E. E., Leoniiia and William. All are living except Clarissa. Mi: Ashley died July 2S, 1843. Mrs. Ashley reman-ied July 11. 1844, her second husljand being Elijah Ashley, a brother of her former husband. To the second marriage were born two sons - Jerome and Judson. Mrs. Ashley's second husband died April 21, 1850. The subject of this biography was reared upon a fai-m. His education was limited, being conhned to the common schools. He was united in marriage with Mary Cummins, daughter of Thomas Cummins, Jan. 17, 1861, and by her has the following family - Frank S., born July 10, 1862; Ella L., born July 6, 1864; Philo A., born Nov. 27, 1866; Edson C.born July 20. 1860, and Ida A., born June 12, 1S73. All of these are single, and are living at home with their parents. Politically. jMi-. Ashley is a Repul> lican; religiouslv, a Baptist. He is a member of the I. 0."0. F. at Tiro. He o\ras 80 acres of well-improved land, and is a prominent and influential man in his neighborhood. His family are among the first in Crawford Co.

REY. W. P. BUPvCHARD. minister and farmer; P. O. Tiro; is a native of Aubiu-n Township, and was bom Nov. 26, 1834. His parents were John and Mary (Robertson) Burchard. His father was born in Delaware, in 1790, and his mother in Pennsylvania, in 1791. They were married in Jefferson Co., Ohio, Dec. 23, 1819, and moved to Auburn Township, Crawford Co., in 1830. They were parents of five childi'en - James R., Sarah J.. John B., Catharine B. and William P. Of these all are dead except William. His mother died Oct. 2, 1875, and his father is yet living, at the advanced age of 90 years, and makes his home with his son. William was raised upon a farm. He received a good coimuonschool education when young, and by study and thought in after years has become a man of good learniag, and of more than ordinary intellect. He was married Feb. 23, 1N65, to Sarah King, daughter of Henry and Mary (Cupland) King, and by her has the following family - Ernest A., born Nov. 12, 1866; Mary I., born Sept. 19, 18()9, and John, bora Aug. 29, 1875. All are living at home with theTr parents. ]VIr. Burchard is a Republican in politics, and belongs to the religious denomination known as the Church of God. He was ordained a minister of that chiu'ch in 1872, and at present has charge of the New Washington and Crawford County Circuit, in which he is meeting with good -»iiccess. He owns 100 acres of excellent farming land in Eastern Auburn Township.

ENOCH BAKER, farmer and stock-dealer; P. O. North Washington; was bom in Washington Co., Ohio, Oct. 25, 1808. Is a son of Joseph and Rachel (Huteliiuson) Baker. The father was bom and raised in Virginia, and the mother in Maryland. They came to Ohio in 1810, and to Aubiu-n Township in December, 1826. They were the parents of four children - Margaret, Martha and Ruth, twins, and Enoch, the latter being the oldest one in the family. Enoch's early years were passed on the old place, assisting his father in clearing and improving the place. He was married, March 8, 1832, to Sarah Hutchinson, a daughter of James Hutchinson, and by her had the following family: Rachael, born Nov.

Biographical Sketches

29, 1832, married Lewis Warner, and died, leaving four children to mourn her loss; Nancy, born Aug. 2(3, 1S;?4. and died when qnite young: Keziah, born April 15, li!37, died a few days after Nancy: Ephraim, born Jan. 22, 183'J, married, and lives in Aubm-n Township; James S.,boru June 22, 1842, and died when 7 years old; Phoebe is the wife of Gus Groifmiller, and lives in Auburn Toivuship; John was born Jan. 30, 1848, married, and lives on the old place: and Matilda, born Sept. 2, 1850, and dyini^f when but 7 years old. The mother died Jan. 30, 1851. She was a kind wife and nK)ther, and her loss was deeply felt by her family and friends. Jan. 8, 1852, Mr. Baker remarried, liis second wife being Elmira Wood, widow of Dr. Wood. His second wife died May 6, 1878. She was a consistent Christian, and a member of the ]M. E. Church. Mr. Baker is one of the old landmarks, and is one of tlie prominent and successful farmers of Anbm-n Township. "\Mien but a boy, he made his stai't in life, by picking cranberries off of the "ma'sh," and selling the fruit. His present property, of KiO acres, was acquired by dealing in stock to a considerable extent. He is a stanch Kepublican, and a member of the M. E. Church for the past thirty years. His son Ephraim has a certificate of meritorious conduct, that shows he was a gallant and brave soldier in Com panv C, 101st O. V. I.

WILLIAIVI CUMMINS, farmer and stockdealer; P. O. Tiro; son of David and Mary (Wilson) Curomins; was born in Indiana Co., Penn., March 28, 1834. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in 1804, and his mother a native of Ireland, born in 1810. The parents were married in Indiana Co., Penn., in 1831, and to them were born the following family: John D., David, Joseph, Caroline, T. H. B., A. J., Elizabeth M. and William. William passed his youth on the farm, and in going to school. He commenced for himself when 21 years of age, by entering the mercantile business in his native county. Aug. 25, 18G4, he was united in marriage with Mary J. Morrow, daughter of David C. Morrow, and granddaughter of Charles Morrow, who came to Aiibui-n Tovraiship in 1817. By her Mr. Cummins has this family: Sarah M., born

1865; David M., born 1867; Cora E., born 1867; David W., born 1869; Jeanette, born 1871; Joseph D. and John S., twins, born 1874; Julia B. M. and Nancy S. C, twins, born 1876, and one born in 1880, that died soon after its birth, without being named. Of these five are living - Cora E., David W., Joseph D., Julia and Nancy. Mr. Cummins was a commissioned Captain of the 78th 0. V. I., Company A, and served in that capacity until his health failed, which compelled him to resign, in August, 1873. He is a Democrat in politics, and is one of the largest land-ownei-s living in Auburn To^vnship ; 280 acres of his land lies in Richland Co., and 320 in Crawford Co. Mi-. Cummins is a well-educated and enterprising gentleman, and is among the most ]>rominent and successful farmers of Crawford Countv.

HUGH CALDWELL, f aimer; P. O. Plymouth; was born in Richland Co., Ohio, Jan uary, 1835. He is a son of Thomas and Mary (Miller) Caldwell, who were parents of nine chikkeu - George, Elizabeth. James, Hugh, ! Susanna, Hannah, Catharine. William, and one that died in infancy. Our subject was reared on a farm, and fai-ming has always been his chosen occupation. He was mamed Nov. 5, 1857, to Elizabeth Bevier, and by her had five childi-en - Florence, William, Franklin, John, and one that died without name. Florence is dead; the balance of the childi-en are living at home with their parents. Mi'. Caldwell was in Company B, 6()th O. V. I., in the late war, where he served his country with distinction. He was in quite a number of noted engagements, and among them might be mentioned Petersbiu-g, the battle of the Wilderness, and others. It was in the army that Mr. Caldwell was taken with the measles. Not having proper care, they settled on his lungs, and to-day he is a mere wreck of the robiist soldier he was when he enlisted in February, 1863. Mr. Caldwell is a member of the Church of God. and a Republican in politics. He owns 29 1 acres of land, is well known, and a good and useful citizen in the township.

descent. He was boru in 1S17, and. like his father before him, chose farming as his vocation in life. He was married in the spring of \snd, to Margaret De Witt, daughter of Tjerick and Margaret (Dean) De Witt, and to this union were boru five ehildi-en - Mariam, Mary J., Elizabeth, George W. and Calista J. Mariam is the wife of Samuel Wynn, and lives in Lucas Co., Ohio: Mary J. is dead; Elizabeth lives in Adams Co., Ind., and is the wife of David W^ynn ; George married Mary E. Smith, and lives in Lucas Co. Mi-. Ciu-tis owns IGo acres of good land, 40 acres of it being in Cranbeiry Township, and the balance in Auburn Township. He is a Eepublican, and a member of the Baptist Church. jMr. Curtis is an enterprising and upright man in his dealings with men, and is highly respected bv all who know him.

JOHN O'. DAVIS, merchant, Tiro; is a son of John and Mary (Hamilton) Davis, and was born in Crawford Co., Ohio, in 1839. His father was a native of Maryland, and was born in ITUl. The mother was a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in IT'.iG. They were married in Columbiana Co., Ohio, and came to Crawford Co. in 1832, locating in Sandusky Township. There were born to them the following family - Julia A., Susan, Jonathan, Keziah, Henry. ]Mary, Jaines, Jefferson, Joseph, Louisa, William. Martha and John O. Of these, Susan, Keziah, Mary and Joseph are dead. Julia is the widow of John INIcIntire, and lives in Illinois; Susan married a Mr. Mills; Jonathan married Margaret Hudson, and lives in Hardin Co., Ohio; Keziah married Dr. T. A. Mitchell; Henry married M. A. Stone, and lives in Shelliy, Ohio; Mary man-ied Samuel Anderson: James married Catharine Mickey, and lives in Crestline, Ohio; Jefferson married Amanda Fox; Joseph married Louisa Fisher; Louisa is the wife of G. H. Lee; William married Leah McCrady, and lives in Gallon, and Martha maiTied John Dempsey, and lives in Shelljy, Ohio. John was reared and educated in the country. In 1859, he was united in marriage with Rachel M. Kigby, daughter of Nimi-od Rigby, and by her has three chilcben - William B., born Nov. 8, 18()0; George H., born May 3, 1S<58, and John H.. born Jan. 7, 1S72. Mr. Davis owns

80 acres of land in Auljurn Township, and 160 acres in Kansas. He also owns a tine business house in Tiro, the upper story being the I. O. O. F. Hall. The store in the building is as fine a grocery store as is usually found in large cities. The firm name of the owners is Davis & Mitchell, Mr. Davis being the junior partner. Mr. Davis is a memljer of the I. O. O. F., and a Eejiublican in politics. He served faithfully in the late wai-, enlisting in Company H, 123d O. V. I. He was discharged June 15, 18(35. He was in some of the hardest contested battles of the war; was taken prisoner at Winchester, and for thirty days was confined in Belle Island. After being exchanged, he again joined his regiment, and was again taken prisoner, and served some mouths in Andersonville and Florence, suffering all the agorfies of starvation and disease- He was finally exchanged, Dec. 0, 1864, and since that time Mi'. Davis makes Dec. 6 his holiday. His brother William was in the 101st Regiment, and served as Quartermaster Sergeant, but was promoted to lieutenancy. Mr. Davis was a Sergeant in his regiment. Both John and William Davis were said to have been brave and gallant soldiers, and were always found in the thickest of the fight. Much honor and credit is due them for the heroic jiart thev took in the war.

ELIZABETH DAUGHERTY, Tiro. Resolved White was a native of Connecticut. He moved to New York when but a lad, and lived there until the year 1S18, then emigrated to the West in search of a home. In 1819, he came to Auburn Township, Crawford Co., and there purchased 1(30 acres of land of one jNIr. Laugherty, paying for the same S3. 75 per acre. On this farm was a small log house. In 1820, Mr. White returned to New Y'^ork. In 1821, he married Lucy Searl, and the same year he, together with his young wife, emigrated to their wilderness home in Ohio. There were born to them six childi-en - Philo, Elizabeth, Resolved, William W., one that died in infancy, and Lucy. Elizabeth and Lucy are the only ones living. Lucy is the wife of Dr. Cuykendall. of Bucjtus; Elizabeth, on the 31 st of March, 1842, was xmited in marriage with Ezekiel Daugherty, a son of Daniel and Lydia (Smyers) Daugherty. He was born in New Jersey Feb. 5, 1818, and [ was reared \ipon a farm. In 1832, he came i to Auburn Township, and began workiag for ' the farmers by the month. His mamage with j Elizabeth bore the fniit of sischikU'en - Alva, Melissa, Searl, Orrissa, Resolved and Clara. Alva and Searl axe dead. Melissa is the wife of Martin V. B. Wood, and lives in Auburn I Towmship; Omssa is the wife of John Hahn, ' and lives in Delaware, Ohio; Resolved lives on the old place with his mother. In February, 1S79, he marriccl t'atliaiiuc Bender, and by her has one dauuhtci- ( ii rissa. born May , 8, 1880. Clara is at prcs 'Ht -'ling to musical ' school in Columbus, Ind. Mr. Dauglierty j is now dead. His widow and her son live on the old jilace first bought by Resolved White, j They own 2'H acres of excellent land. !Mrs. Daugherty is a descendant of Perigrine ^Miite, of Plymouth Rock notoriety. Of Puritan ancestors, the Daugherty s are honest and upright people, and are highly respected in the community in which they live.

SAMUEL S. GREEN, farmer: P. O. Tiro. The oldest settler living in Auburn Township is the snliject of this liiography. He was born in Indiana Co.. Penn., June 25, 1807. Is a son of William and Martha (Stanton) Green, who were married in Luzerne Co., Penn., in 1S()(V The father was a native of Berkshire Co.. Mass.. and was born in 1778, and the mother was born in New London Co., Conn., in 1788. In 1813, they came to Licking Co.. Ohio, where they remained three years. In 1815, Mr. Green came to Aubui-n Township, Crawford Co., Ohio, where he entered MO acres of land in the southeastern part of the township. In December, 1810, he moved his family to the log house he had on his clearing in Aubiurn Township. Mr. and Mrs. Green were the parents of eleven childi-en. one dying in infancy without any name - Samuel S., Caroline, Walter, Julia A., AVilliam, Martha M., Daniel, John, Mary and Hannah J. Those named are all living. The father died in 1862, and the mother in 1865. Samuel S. was 9 years old when they came to Auburn Township, and much of the Auburn Township history was leai'ned from him. He is single; owns 80 acres of land, and is a Democrat in politics, and a genial, wide-awake gentleman.

DANIEL HOWE, farmer and miller; P. 0. Tiro. Nelson S. ai;d Sarah B. (Gunsaulus) Howe were natives of the State of New York, the former being born May 3, 1808, and the latter in 1810. They were married in Richland Co., Ohio, Nov. 4, 1830, and to this union were born the following family: Amelia, Philanda, Alonzo and Daniel. Amelia and Alonzo are dead. Philanda is the widow of Zebediah Morse, and lives in Auburn Township. Daniel was a young man of considerable jjush and enterprise. When the war broke out, he enlisted in Company H, 64th O. V. I., and was chosen Second Lieutenant, and dm-ing the latter part of the war was promoted to Captain. He was in some of the hardest fought battles of the whole war, among which might be mentioned Shiloh, Corinth, Chickamauga, and tlu-ough the entire campaign of 1864, in Georgia, under Gen. Sherman. He received a severe flesh wound at Chickamauga, from the explosion of a shell. He was married April 28, 1859, to Amanda D. Abbott, a daughter of Rev. J. R. Abbott, of Bowling Green, Wood Co., Ohio, and by her has seven children - Flora C, born Sept. 20, 1859; Adel M., born March 22, 1807; Lisle A., born May 18, 1869; Frank L., born June 2, 1871; Earl E., born Dec. 24, 1873: Grace E., born Dec. 24, 1876, and Addie, born Dec. 22, 1878. The yoiingest died Feb. 10, 1879. Flora man-ied Isaac A. Metcalf, and lives in Richland Co., Ohio; the rest are all single, and live at home with their parents. Mi-s. Howe was born Dec. 11, 1842. Mr. Howe is a Republican in politics. Owns 50 acres of well-improved land, and also one of the best saw-mills in Crawford Co. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. at Tiro. Mr. Howe is an honest, straightforward man, and is well respected and highly esteemed by all his friends and acquaintances.

J. HILLS, farmer and stock-raiser; P. O. PlvTnouth; is the son of Rufus and Dinah (DeWitt) Hills, who were the parents of nine chikh-en, three of whom are yet living. They were natives of New York, the father being born in 1807 and the mother in 1812. Their children are Susan, William, one that died in infancy, Jedediah, Louisa, Cynthia, Eliza, Clinton and Alvira, Alvira, William and Jede- diah are the only survivors. Mr. Hills, Sr., died Aug. 22, 1872. and was followed by his wife Sept. o, 1875. They were among the early pioneers of Kichland Co., having come to that county about the year 1820. He was an excellent fai-mer, and an honest, enterprising man. His son, Jedediah, was born in Kichland Co.. Dec, 16, 1828, and was reared on a farm, and to-day is one of the best farmers in Auliurn Township. He followed farming steadily until ISlJO, when he purchased 40 acres of land in Aubiu'n To^vnship. Since that time, he has sold and bought land, iintil he now owns 120 acres of Aiiburn Townshii)'s best land, and 40 acres in Adams Co., Ind. He was man-ied, Sept. 19, 1852, to Maria, daughter of William and Sarah (Noggle) Crouse, and by her had four childi-en - Julius J., born Dec. 23. 1853, died May 31, 1877; Matilda B., born Feb. 27, 1857; Sarah E., born Aug. 11, 1858, died July 22, 1873, and Clement L. V., born March "25, 18()3. died June 15, 1864. ]\Irs. Hills was born Sept. 12, 1830. Matilda is the only one of the childi-en living. She is the wife of Ezekiel Rooks, of Richland Co., Ohio. Julius married Alvira Steele, and by her had two children - Flora B. and Pearly J. His death was caused by consumption, and was much regretted throughout the neighborhood. Mr. Hills is a Democrat in politics, and an intelligent and enterprising citizen. He takes an active part in all laudable entei-prises. and much credit is due him for his liberality in assisting educational aifairs in his township.

GEORGE HA:\DI0ND, fai-mer and stockraiser; P. O. Tiro; was bom in Aubm-n Township, June 26, 1824, His parents were George and Sarah P. (White) Hammond. The father was born in Plymouth Co., Conn., and the mother in Massachusetts, where they were man-ied. From Ontario Co., N. Y., they came to Auburn To^vnship, Crawford Co.. Ohio, in February, 1822. Here he bought 160 acres of land fi-om a ]Mi-. Clark, who had entered it some time before. This property is situated on the northwest quarter of Sec. 28, and is now owned by his son George. These parents had the following family: Albert, Alfred, Harvey. Nannie. George, Rowland and Sarah. Albert, Nannie and George are the only ones living of this family. The father died Dec. 30. 1868. and the mother April 4, 1840. Al- I bert married Catharine Groesbeck, and lives in ' Williams Co., Ohio. Nannie is the wife of Cornelius L. Newkirk, and lives in Macon Co., Mo. George, Jr., passed his youthful days with his parents on the farm, going to school, etc. He was married to Hannah A. Groesbeck, Sept. 1, 1846, and by her had two children - Emma E.. born April 27, 1847, man-ied B. F. Crouse; Filmore, born June 9, 1849, and married Josephine Crouse. IL's. Hammond died Feb. 19, 1851. Mr. Hammond's second wife is Maiy Lewis, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Masters) Lewis, to whom he was married March 22, 1855. By her he has two children - Irene, born Sept. 27, 1856; she is the wife of T. S. Groesbeck. and lives in Columbiana City, Ind.; Sarah, born Nov. 17, 1863; she is single, and lives at home with her parents. Mrs. Hammond is a member of the Methodist Episcojial Chiu'ch. Mi-. Hammond is a Republican in politics, and is one of the best farmers of Aubm-n Township.

JA!HES HLAJN'NA, farmer; P. O. Tiro: was born in Harrison Co.. Ohio. Dec. 14. ISIS; is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Dufi') Hanua. The father was born in Westmoreland Co.. Penn.. in 1795. and the mother in the same county in 1794. They came to Belmont Co., Ohio, March 25, 1818. and from there to Aiibui-n Township, Crawford Co., in 1819. Samuel Hanna. grandfather of James, entered the farm for his son in about 1815. Mr. and Mrs. Hanna are the parents of eight childi-en - James, Samuel, John, Margaret A., Eliza J., Archibald, Thomas and William. Of this family all are now dead except James, !Margaret, Ai-chibald and William. Mr. Hanna departed this life June 22, 1862, followed by his wife March 11, 1875. Their daughter, Margaret is the wife of Andrew Dickson, and lives in Vernon Township : Archibald married Mary Gribben, and lives in Hancock Co.; William married Mary A. Spangle, and also lives in Hancock Co. James was reared upon a farm. He seciu-ed but a limited education, owing to poor schools, and not having nmch time to attend them. He was married Ain-il 1, 1847. to Clarrissa Scott, daughter of Samuel and Catharine Scott, and by her had three children - Catharine, bom Dec. 25, 1847; James M., bom June 27, 1851, and William S., born Ang. 31, 1S57. The oldest married James Cahill, and lives in j^ubm-n Township; 1 James married Han'iet Chambers, and lives in Avibiu'n To^\'nship; William is single, and lives at home with his parents. 'Ms. Hanua is a Kepnblican in politics and a United Presbyterian in religion. He owns 140 acres of 1 excellent farming land, which is highly im- | l^roved. The Hannas are among the best j farmers and citizens in Crawford Co. !

CATHERINE A. HANNA, Tiro. The sub- ' ject of this sketch was born in Franklin Co., Penn., July 31, 1824. She is the daughter of John H. and Mary E. Hofinan. IVIr. Hofman was educated for the ministry, as his father was before him, but, his health failing, he was compelled to relinquish his studies. After this he learned the jeweler's trade, which j business he followed iintil his death. 'Mr. | Hofman was born in Virginia, in 1798, and his wife in 1802. They were married in Chambersbiu'g, Penn., in 1821, and to them were born eleven children. The parents came to Manslield, Richland Co., Ohio, in 1S2G. It was hei-e that Mi-s. Hanna was reared and educated. On the 24th of November, 1844, she was united in marriage with Samuel Hanna, son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Duff) Hanna, of whom approjiriate mention is made in the biography of James Hanna, in this work. ]\Ir. Hanna was born Sept. 22, 1820. His union with Miss Hofman bore the fruit of nine childi-en - James J., John F., William L., Mary E., Clara A., Emma J.. Charles E. and two others, twins, who died in infancy. James lives in Mansfield, and is a commercial traveler; he married INIarj' Anderson. John married Nettie V. Rankin, and lives in Henderson Co., 111. William L. married Serena Wilson, and lives on the old homestead with his mother. Mary is the wife of Lorenzo Blackman, and lives in Richland Co. Clara and Emma are single and live at home. Charles E. is single, lives at home, and will take charge of the farm in 1881. Mr. Hanna died Jan. 3, 1868. He was a man of kind ! and affectionate disposition; he had the confidence and good will of the people. His death called away a good man and a prominent citizen. The heirs own 79 acres of well-improved land, and all are well known and universally respected in the communitv.

MRS. B. HANDLEY, Tiro; was born in Stark Co., Ohio, April 5, 1835. She is a daughter of Frederick and Mary (Mundz) Staley. Her father was born in Germany, December, 1800, and her mother, in January, 1797. They were married in the United States, and came to Cranberry Township in 1841. They were the parents of six children - Ann M., Cliristina C, Barbara S, Anna C, Frederick and Elizabeth. Ann, Chi-istina and Anna are dead. INL-s. Handley's parents were farmers, and she was reared and educated in the county. On the 0th of December, 185C, she was united in man-iage with John Handley, son of William and Jane (McDermott) Handley, who came to Sandusky Township in 1822. To this union were bom three children - Emma E., born Oct. 10, 1857; Cassius H., born July 8,1860; JessieA.,bornSept. 3, 1863. Emma died Feb. 9, 1875. Cassius and Jessie are single and live with their mother in Aubm-n Township. INIr. Handley died in CranbeiTy Township Jan. 16, 1865. He was a man of good education, and of moral and upright character. The following is a copy of the resolutions adopted by the Sandusky Literaiy Association, on the death of Mr. Handley:

'^Resolved, That in the death of Mi-. Handley, this society has lost an exemplary and influential member. As a member he was amiable, kind and courteous; he was a great hmnorist and a keen satirist; as a debater he excelled; as a citizen he ardently loved his country; he expended liberally in the suppression of the recent rebellion; he was the soldier's fast friend. As an individual, he was honest and obliging; he was an affectionate husband and a kind father."

In addition to the above, we could add that Mr. Handley was a man beloved by all who knew him, and no name could be better spoken of than that of John Handley. His family live in the little village of Mechanicsbm-g, where they are well known and highly respected by all who know them.

Adam and Elizabeth Schafer High, were both natives of Germany, and parents of six cliil(b-en, all of whom were born in the old country. Their names respectively are Valentine, Elizabeth, Michael (deceased), Michael, Margaret and Adam. The High family came from Germany to Cranberry Township, Crawford Co., Ohio, in iS>]-^>, where they lived for a number of years. Mrs. High departed this life Nov. 22, 1866, followed by her husband July 1, 1867. Mr. High was a hard-working, thrifty and enterprising farmer. He was a man of good morals, and kind and considerate toward his family. His death and that of liis wife are mourned by an affectionate family and a large circle of neighbors. Adam went to Bchool in his youthful days, and when 18 years of age he was apprenticed to learn the wagon-making trade. At the end of three years, he mastered his trade, and since that time has made that his business in life, until the past ten years. He formerly owned the land on which the dei)ot at New Washington now stands. He at present owns 80 acres of well-improved land in Aubui-n Township. He was married, Oct. 23, ISol, to Matilda Hesse, daughter of Augustus Hesse, of Perry Co., Ohio, and by her has twelve childi-en - Emma, born Oct.'l 1. 18r)2, died April 2, 1855; William O., born March 17, 1854, and married Elizabeth Wilford, July 4, 1875; Lewis J., born July 3, 1S55, died Aug. 6, 1856; Franklin C, born June 8, 1857, died Aug. 13, 1857; Gustavus L., born July 13, 1858, died June 13, 1859; Jefferson C, born March 17, I860; Augustus H.,born March 13, 1862; Lorena E., born Feb. 25, 1804; Amanda L., born Februarv, 1806; Caroline E.. born Aug. 17, ISOS; Edmund A., born Sept. 1, 1870, died Sept. 1. 1871; Addison, born Nov. 13, 1873. Mrs. High was born Oct. 10, 1830, This family are hospitable, enterprising and intelligent. Mr. High is a Democrat, and liberal in his religious views. He is one of Auburn Township's successful farmers.

SAjMUEL HILBORN, farmer and stockdealer; P. O. Tiro; was born in Richland Co. June 28, 1826. His parents, Isaac and Nancy (George) Hilborn were both natives of Pennsylvania. The father was bom Aug. 11, 1798. and the mother was born May 22, 1801.

They were the parents of nine childi-en - Polly, Robert, Samuel, Amos, William, Elizabeth, Isabella, John and Sarah. Polly, Elizabeth, Amos and Isabella are dead. The father died April 30, 1865, and the mother Ajiril 17, 1841. Ml-. Hilborn was one of the early settlers of Auburn Township, and more will be said about him elsewhere in this work. Samuel received a good common-school education when young. At the age of 17, he commenced learning the blacksmith trade, which he followed for a number of years. He is at ])reslent one of Aubiu'n Townshiji's most intelligent and prosperous farmers. He was married Jan. 31, 1850, to Elizabeth Irwin, and by her has the following family: Isaac N., deceased, Lodema, deceased, Zella, Ellsworth and Charles. Zella is the wife of James Michener, and lives in Aul:>urn Township; Ellsworth and Charles ai-e single, and live at home with their parents.

JOHN HILBORN, Tiro; was born Nov. 16, 1838, in Liberty Township, Crawford Co., Ohio. He is a sou of Isaac and Nancy (George) Hilborn. (For a full record of ilr. Hilborn's parents and their family, see the biography of his brother.) John was raised on the farm. His education is only moderate, owing to the schools of that day being very poor as compared to what we now have. He served his country well and faithfully in the late war, enlisting in Company I, 15th O. V. I., on the 7th of September, 1861. His discharge was dated in Texas, November, 18(55. He was in quite a numlser of engagements, and among them Corinth, Atlanta, Liberty Gap, Resaca, Buzzard's Roost and Pickett's Mills. He was also in the running light that extended from Chattanooga, Tenn., to Atlanta, Ga. He was a brave and efficient soldier, and had many a thrilling experience in the army. At Pickett Mill he was severely wounded, and to-day is a victim of the traitorous leaders of our gi-eat civil war. At the conclusion of the war he returned home, and, on the 15th of June, 1866, he was united iu marriage with Miss Emeline Clark, daughter of Martin and Nancy Clark. Mrs. Hilborn died April, l^()8. Mr. Hilborn's second wife is Sarah J. Davis, daughter of James K. Davis, of ('rawford Co., to whom he was man'ied on the 29th of June,

1SB9. ilr. Hilhorn is at present eiigagecl in the livery business. He owns between four and live acres of valuable land within the limits of the village of Tiro. He is a stanch Republican in j)olitics, and is well known and has the well wishes and friendship of his fellow-townsmen.

WILLIAM H. HILBORN, farmer and stock-dealer: P. O. Tiro; was bom in Sandusky Township June '25, 1831. He is a son of Isaac and Nancy (George) Hilbom, a sketch of whom is found in the biogi'aphy of Robert G. Hilborn, his brother. Like his other brothers, William was reai-ed on the farm. Two years prior to his mai-riage, he worked out by the month, the first season receiving SI 1 per month, and the next season §rj. .")(). This was his marriage start. He was married Jan. 3, 1855, to Elizabeth Grouse, daughter of Abner and Harriet (Thoman) Grouse, and to them were born thi-ee children - Ii-a O., born in September, 1850; Anna L., born in May, 1858, died when 4 months old; Mary A., born in May, 1801. IMrs. Hilborn was born Jan. 0, 1830. From his marriage up to 1805, Mr. Hilborn has made many changes. He at one time owned the saw-mill near where his house now stands. He now owns 80 acres of well-improved land in Western Auburn Township. Mr. Hilborn is a Rejaabliean in politics, and a hard worker in the cause of advancement in our public schools. He is intelligent and entertaining, and commands the respect of a large circle of friends. I H. IRAAIN, blacksmith. Tiro; was born in Chester Co.. Penu.. Jan. 18. 1N35. He is a son of Israel and Hannah (Millard) Lrwin. The father and mother were natives of Pennsylvania, the former being born in 1802, and the latter in 1800. They were married in Chester Co., Penn., April 1, 1823, and came to Auburn Township in 1835. The father died July 19, 1837, and the mother July 22, 1877. Mr. Irwin was a man beloved and esteemed by all who knew him. He was a local minister in the M. E. Chiu'ch, and lived a life full of usefulness. !Mr. and Mrs. Irwin were the parents of the following family: Thomas M., Margaret A., Joseph. Sarah J.,

Sarah is the wife of George Byers; Caroline is the widow of James Oveiis. and Elizabeth is the wife of Samuel Hilborn, whose biogra])hy accompanies this work. All live in Aiibiu-n Towrtship, Crawford Co., Ohio. The subject of this biograjihy lived with his mother until she miuried Isaac Hilborn, and then he lived with his step-father for about ten years. He was apprenticed to a blacksmith when about 13, with whom he lived four years, serving out his apprenticeship. Since that time he has been continually engaged in that business in Mechanicsbiu-g, excepting one year, that being a year he farmed. He was mai-ried Dec. 20, 1854, to Margaret L., daughter of Abner and Harriet (Thoman) Crouse, and by her has one daughter - Almeda, born July 14, 1850. Almeda is the wife of John D. Jlichener, and by him has one daughter - Annie I., born Oct. 0, 1875. Mr. Irwin is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Lutheran Chm-ch. He has held various townshij) offices and is well known and highly respected throughout Auburn Township.

D. G. JEFFREY, merchant. Tiro; was born in Niagara Co., N. Y.. Oct. 20. 1834. He is a son of Thomas and Lydia Ann (Cliittonden) Jeffrev, who were parents of nine chikh't>u - D. G.; S. W., Mary, T. Alonzo, Melissa. William, Amos, G. M. and Lewis. The father was a native of New Jersey, and was born in 1790. The mother was born in Vermont in 1810, and they were maiTied in Niagara Co., N. Y., in 1833. Their son, S. W.. is one of the prominent men of Aubm-n Township, and his biogi-aphy accompanies this work. Mary is the wife of A. C. Daley, and lives in Dakota; Alonzo is in the mercantile business in Toledo, and married Susan Gibhs ; Melissa married Edward Gregory, both of whom are now dead; William married Nora Munson, and is a carpenter and joiner in Toledo ; Amos died at home from disease contracted while in his country's service; Lewis is single and lives in Dakota Territory. D. G., our subject, was reared upon his father's farm. His father becoming involved in some financial trouble, yoiing Jefi'rey was kept away from school a greater share of the time to assist on the farm. He was married. Nov. 11, 1860, to Miss Laiu-a Hutcheson, daughter of Lombard and Lucinda (Kibliey) Hiitcheson, and by her has torn- children, all of whom are living - Fred M., bom March 27, bSfVi: Ella A., born Nov. 6, ]S(j.J; AVillio H., born Sept. 19, 1870, and John F., born Oct. 23, 1S72. The mother boru June 14, 1S41. Her parents had a family of nine - Esther, Maria, ilary, Rhoda and Ehuda (twins), Lombard, David, Laura and Hiram. Mary, Rhoda, Lombard and Hiram are dead, the latter being killed in the army. Mr. Jeftrey's father died Ajsril, 1800, and his mother October, 1872. Mi-s. Jeflrey's father died in 1850, and her mother in 1872. Mr. Jeffrey started in life a poor boy, and by industry, ftrugality and hard labor has acqiiired the nice property he now owns. He is a Republican in politics, and quite liberal in his religious views. He takes an active part in all educational r.ffairs, and always uses his influence in matters tending to advance the best interests of his county. Mr. Jeffrey owns the only drug store in the rapidly increasing town of Tiro. His stock consists in a full line of the Ijest ch'n<;;s, medicines, etc., which is mentioned a])iiro})riati'lv elsewhere in this work. SAMUEL W. JEFFREY.farmer. P.O. Tiro ; is a son of Thomas and Lydia Ann (Chittenden) Jeffrey, who were parents of a family of nine chikh-en, seven of whom are yet living. Samuel W. passed his youth on a farm. Ho was united in marriage with Amanda C. Aumend, daughter of David and Clarissa (Ashley) Aumend, and by her has one child - Willard F., born Dec. 30, 18(57. Mi: Aumend, the father of iSIi's. Jeffrey, was born in Pennsylvania, !May 9, 1810. He was a son of Adam and Clu-istina (Allbright) Aumend, who came to Aubm-n Township in 1819, it then being an unexplored wilderness. Here Mi'. Aumend was reared. On the IGth of August. 1833, he was married to Clan-issa Ashley, and by her had the following family : Willard H., Lucretia, Lam-a J., Francis M. and Amanda. The latter married !Mi-. S. W. Jeffrey, as stated above. Mi-. Jeffrey is a Republican in politics and a member of the Chui'ch of God. He well and faithfully served his country in the late war between the North and the South.. He enlisted in Co. C, 23d O. V. I., and served until the close of the war, when he was discharged, July 26, 1865. He was first under the command of Col. Rosecrans, but afterward was under Col. (now President) Hayes. Ml-. Jeffrey was in quite a number of engagements; was severely wounded in the neck, October, 1804. in Shenandoah Valley, Va. He is a young man of considerable enterprise and push, and is an intelligent citizen.

LUCY (SAWYER) KELLOGG, Plymouth; was born in Aubiu-n Township, in 1827. Her parents, Erastus and Sally (Snider) SawA^er, were both natives of New York, the former born .in 1800, and the latter in 1802. They were married in Aubiu-n Township, Dec. 19, 1822, and were the parents of the following children: Albanus. Frauldin and Lucy. All are living, the former in Auburn Township, and the latter in Norwalk, Ohio. The Sniders came to Aubm-n Townshiji, Crawford Co., Ohio, in 1820, and the Saw vers in 1821. Lucy married Delos Carlisle, Nov. 14, 1850. Mr. Carlisle was a son of David and Dorcas (WTiite) Carlisle. His marriage with Miss Sawyer bore the fi-uit of foui- childi-en. The oldest died in infancy; the next, Marakli E., boi-n Dec. 26, 1852, and died June 13, 1855; Ella W., born April 29, 1855, and is living at home with her mother. Jay D., born Nov. KX 1857, is at present in Kansas. Mr. Carlisle was boru July 3. I'i23, and died of consumption, Aug. 4, 1857. He is a Republican, and a member of the Baptist Chm-eh. A man of few words and temjserate habits, he had the respect and esteem of all who knew him. ISIi-s. Carlisle is the ]n-esent wife of David B. Kellogg, to whom she was married May 24, 1870. She has by him one daughter, May, born July 1, 1873. Mr. Kellogg is a son of Solomon and Margaret (Millhollen) Kellogg. He was married prior to his marriage with Mi-s. Carlisle, his wife being Helen Snider, and by her had three children - Catharine, Margaret and Theodore. All are living in Wyandot Co., and all are man-ied. Mi-s. Kellogg's brother Franklin was a Lieutenant Colonel in the army, and after the war, was commissioned Brevet General. ISIi's. Kellogg owns 97 acres of good land. Fm-ther notice of her parents will be found in the history of Aubm-n Township.

1830. He is a son of Peter and Mary (Fredline) Lash, who were parents of nine children. The father was a native of New Jersey, and was born in 1808. The mother was born in Somerset Co., Penn., in 1812. They were married in Wayne Co., in about 1828. The names of their ehildi-en are George, Charity, Leiih, Peter, Benjamin, Mary, Phcebe, Francis and Lncinda. These children are all living, and all are in Ohio. Mr. Lash emigrated to Ohio when it was but a Territory, and from Wayne Co. he emigrated to Crawford Co. in 1 8:5"), locating in Auburn Township. He was a thrifty, hard-working farmer, and by his sterling honesty and kindness made many warm and sincere friends. He departed this life in 1851, leaving behind an honest and upright record many might profit by following. His widow still survives him. George Lash lived with his parents tlirough youth and early manhood, assisting them in clearing and improving the place. He received a good commonschool education, and on the 16th of October, 1851, he was imited in marriage with Sarah E. Hutson, daughter of Benjamin Hutson, of CranbeiTy Township. To this imion were born four children - William M., born April 6, 1858; Elmer E., born Aug. 12, 1801, died Sept. 15, 1870: Benjamin E., born June 1, 1804, and George F., born May 9, 1S0(k Mrs. Lash was born April 14, 1835. William, Benjamin and George are living at home -with their parents. Mi-. Lash owns SO acres of good land in Western Aubmm. He is a Democrat in politics, and a member of the Good- Will Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a prominent and influential man in his neighborhood, and he and his family are well known and highly respected throughout the neighborhood.

JOHN MORROW, farmer; P.O. Tiro; was born in Auburn Township, July 13, 1851. He is a son of James and Margaret (Ake) Morrow, and grandson of Charles Morrow, who came to Auburn Township in 1817. His father and mother were natives of Pennsylvania. The former was born in ISOU, and the latter in 1812. They wereman-ied in Auburn Township Sept. 9, 1830, and to them were born six children, viz.: William, Mary A. (deceased), Charles, David (deceased), James and John. Those living are all in Auburn Township. John passed his youth and early manhood on his father's place and going to school. He was married, Dec. 10, 1874, to Susan N. Cory, daughter of Thomas Cory, and to them were born two sons - Harry B., born Dec, 20, 1875, and Charley J., born May 18, 1878. Mr. Morrow owns 100 acres of well-improved land, and is a Democrat in politics. His father was a man of good, steady habits, and was well respected by h's friends and neighlx)rs. He died March 8, 1875. His mother lives on the old place with him, in Auburn Township.

CHARLES McCONNELL, Tiro; was born in Richland Co., Dec. 18, 1844. He is a son of Charles and Nancy (Taggart) McConnell, who were parents of the following family: Samuel, Mary, Susan, James, John, William, Charles, Josiah and Isaac. James, John, William, Charles and Josiah served faithfully in the late war. James was killed in battle at Rocky Face Mountain, Ga. ; William died at Green Lake, Tex., from disease contracted while in the army : Josiah died at home, four days after his discharge, also from disease contracted in the army. Those in the family living, are Samuel, Mary, John, Charles and Isaac. Samuel man-ied Charity Lash, and lives in Aubui-n Township; Mary lives in Auburn Township and is the wife of John Wynn ; John is single, and lives at home with his mother; Isaac is single, and lives in Van Wert Co. Charles was raised and educated in the county. He has an excellent practical education, and is a school teacher of thirte >n terms' experience. His occupation is that of school teaching, and dealing in chromos, picture frames, tobaccos, toys and notions. His shop is located in the northern part of Tiro, and in it is a barber's chair, run by James Michener. The McConnell family are Republicans in politics, and too much praise cannot be given them for the heroic and gallant part they took in helping to quell the war of the great rebellion. And how much honor is due to the mother who raised seven sons from infancy to manhood, sending five to battle for the right, three of whom now sleep in soldiers' graves. All honor to such mothers, and may their names be immortal-

B. W. McKEE, M. D., physician and surgeon. Tiro; was born in Wayne Co., Ohio, in 1N4(I. He is a son of John and Margaret (Walhicel McKee, who were the parents of eleven ehikh'en - James, Margaret, Robert, B. W., Thomas B., William A., Mary, John, and three others that died in infancy without names. James is practicing medicine at Des Moines, Iowa; Margaret married a Mi-. Neeley, and lives in Adair Co., Iowa; Robert died from disease contracted while in his country's service; Thomas is the present minister of the United Presbyterian Church at De Kalb; William is in W^ooster; Mary is in Richland Co., Ohio, the wife of J. W. Dougal, and John is in Wayne Co. Our subject passed his youth on the farm and going to school. He commenced the study of medicine April, 18(55, under the instructions of his brother James, and afterward under Prof. Firestone, who has now charge of the Insane Asylum at Coliunbus. He commenced attending medical lectm'es at Cleveland, in 1S<')'.I, where he continued steadily until his graduation, which was in INTO. On the 16th of June, 1870, he was united in marriage with Ruvilla Weirich, daughter of Chi-istian and Adaline (Miller) Weirich, and by her had two chikh-en, the first of whom died in infancy without a name, and the one living is Cruveilhier W., born April 1-". 1S75. Dr. McKee tii-st located in Xiirtlifii'ld. and after one year moved to De- Kull). whiTe he remained eight years, and 'at the esjiiration of that time removed to Tiro, where he has ever since resided. His gi-andfather, Robert, and brother, Logan McKee, came from Ii'eland to America the year before the war of Independence began. Logan was among those who gave his life in defense of his adopted country. Dr. McKee and his brothers, James, Robert and Thomas, served faithfully in the war of the rebellion. Mi-s. McKee was born Oct. 9, 1848. The Doctor is an excellent physician, and he has a large and lucrative practice, which keeps him busily engaged.

Morse, were natives of Massachusetts. The father was born April 17, 1791, and his wife June 20, 1794. They were married in Ontario Co., N. Y., Nov. "l3, 181(5, and moved to Huron Co., Ohio, June, 1818, and in March, 1820, came to Auburn Township. Crawford Co., where he remained all his life. They were the parents of six children, viz., Amos, Amanda, Joel, Joseph W., Zebediah and Malin D. Amos and Malin are the only ones in the family now living. The parents came to Auburn Township when the country was but very thinly settled. Their financial means were very small, and, coming as they did into a new coimtry, their start depended mainly on their own physical exertions. The father died Oct. 11, 1872, and the mother May 2(5, 1873. Mr. Morse was one of the most influential men of his neighborhood, holding several offices of honor and trust in his township. Amos passed his youth with his parents, and when he reached his majority began for himself. On the 13th of May, 1S49, he was married Mehetabel, daughter of David and Dorcas (White) Carlisle, and by her had three childi-en - Frank, R-, born May 17, 1852, and Amanda and Adelia, twins, bom Sept. 5, 1854. The mother was born Jan. 8, 1819. Frank maiTied Alvira B. Stock, in 1873; Delia married Samuel A. Stock, in 1876, and Amanda man-ied Milton W. Griffeth, in 1877. In his earlier years, Mr. Morse was a school teacher. He is a Republican in politics, and although in a Democratic neighborhood has held the office of Justice of the Peace for the past twenty years. Owns 160 acres of land. He is a Baptist in religion, and is a man of more than ordinary intelligence.

jNIRS. G. W. ovens. Tiro; daughter of John and Maria ( Staherin) Brenerd, and was born May 12, 1838, in Crawford Co., Ohio. In the fall of 1858, she was united in marriage with Aaron Daugherty, and to this union were born three children, respectively - Lucy, born Aug. 12, 1860; Sherman, born Dec. 14, 18(')3, and Rebecca, born Feb. 15, 1865. Mr. Daugherty was born Jan. 18, 1818, and died May 22, 1871. He was a brother of Ezekiel Daugherty, mention of whom is made in the biogi'aphy of Elizaljeth Daugherty. Mr. Daugherty was a gi-eat farmer and a hard- workiucT man. He was temperate in liis habits, and affectionate in his disposition toward his family. He was a man universally respected by all who knew him. Mrs. Danoherty, on the 5th of March, 1872, was maiTied to George W. Ovens. ]Vii-. Ovens was born July 22, 18-i-O, and is a son of William and Eleanor (Eobinson) Ovens, and is of Irish descent. His father and mother were parents [ of six childi'en - James, Anna, William, John, George and Kate. The Ovens family came to the United States from Ii'eland in 1842, and to Crawford Co., Ohio, ten jears later. In his fatlier's family James is the only one dead. He was murdered for his money in Hardin Co., Ohio, in 18G2. Mi-. Ovens is a Democrat in politics, and a straightforward, honest and upright man. On the death of her first husband. Mrs. Ovens and her children were left a valuable farm of 210 acres, which she still retains. Mr. and iMi's. Ovens live happily together with her childi-eu on the old ]ilaoe left them in Auburn Township, and no familv are more respected in Crawford Co. than this family.

K. K. ROSS, fanner and stpck-raiser; P. 0. Plvmouth; was born in AuCiu-n Township. Crawford Co., Ohio, Nov. 25, 18;32. He is a son of A. C. and Celia (Emmons) Eoss, who were the piareuts of fom- children - Phoebe A., Melissa, one that died in infancy, and Royal E. Royal is the only one living. Mr. Ross' biogi-aphy will be found in connection with the biogxaphy of A. C. Ross, in another part j of this work. Mi-s. Eoss, mother of our sub- i ject, was born April 8, 1802, in New York. She died as she lived, a conscientious Chi'istian. Her death occiirred in Auburn Townshij) in 1836. Eoyal E. lived on a farm until he was 23 years old, and on the 4th of October, 18G0, was united in marriage with Mary A., daughter of Adam and Susanna (Harley) Aumend, and by her had five chikken - Emmons W., born Sept. 13, 1801; Willie B., born April 23, 18(35; Amelia, born Sept. 24, 18G8, died December 11, 1868; George H., born Sept. 10, 1872, died Dec. 28, 1879, and Freddie E., born Sept. 27, 1878. Mi-s. Rosa was born July 6, 1840, in Auburn Township. Both of these parents are the descendants of old and honored settlers, who came into the wilderness in search of a home. The jn-esent condition of their children and gi-andchildren attest the success with which they were met. Ml'. Ross is a Rejiublican in politics, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Chiu'ch. They own 1(50 acres of highly improved land, where they live happily together, making no pretensions, but having the respect and good-will of all their friends and neighbors.

A. C. ROSS, farmer; P. O. Tiro; was bom in Auburn Township, Crawford Co., Ohio, June 11, 1842. His father was Abel C. Ross, who came to Aubm-n Township in 1825, it being then an almost unbroken wilderness. The father was married lu-st to Celia Emmons, Sept. 22, 1822, and by her had the following family: Phojbe A., Melissa A., Royal R., and one that died in infancy without being named. The wife died Feb. 23, 1837. Mr. Eoss remarried March 5, 1838, his second wife being Laura (Carlisle) Eoss. From the second marriage the following family were born: BjTon H., Alfred C. and Celia A. The father was born April 28, 1800, and died Dec. 17, 1875. The mother is yet living, and makes her home with her son A. C. Byron was a member of Company H, 64th O. Y. I., in the late civil war. He is now dead. Celia is married. A. C. Eoss was reared upon a farm; was married, Sept. 22, 1871, to !Mary J. Hoak, a daughter of Jacob and Mary (Kay lor) Hoak, and by her had one son and one daughter - Mary A., born Dec. 29, 1873, and Royal H., born May 31, 1876. The wife was born July 80, 1849. Mr. Eoss is one of Aubiu-n Township's best farmers. He owns 111 J acres of well-improved land. Belongs to the United Brethren Church, and is a Reiiubliean. The death of his brother Byron and his widow left two children - Alvin E. and Bertha A. The former lives with our subject, and the latter with his half-brother, Eoyal E., in Auburn Township.

A. C. EOBINSON, farmer; P. O. Tiro; was born in Aubm-n Township, Crawford Co., Ohio, July 21, 1846. He is a son of Barber and Mary (Morrow) Eobinson, and is one of a family of nine ehildi-en, their names being as follows: Charles, Camjibell, David, Mary J., Ellen, James, Robert, William and Florence.

All of these are living, as are also his parents. The subject of this sketch passed his youth upon a farm. He received a good commonschool education, and on the 2Gth of IMay, 18G8, he was united in marriage with Hannah E. McNutt, daughter of Abraham and Jane (Craytou) McNutt, of Lawrence Co., Penn., and by her has one daughter - Nora, born April 14, 1SG9. Mrs. Robinson was bom Dec. 14, 184(3. Mi-. Robinson's parents were born in Ireland. Mr. Robinson is a Democrat in politics, as is also his father. He owns 100 acres of well-improved land near Tiro. He is enterprising and industrious, and takes an active part in all laudable enterprises that tend toward advancing education or building up the county.

S. B. RAUDAB.VUGH, carpenter and joiner, Tiro; was born in Cumberland Co., Penn., in 1842. He is a son of Henry and Lydia (Hahn) Raudabaugh, who were the parents of the following family: William, Samuel, Catharine, David, Elizabeth. Daniel, Rebecca, John, Ellen, Henry, Nancy and Sarah. David, Elizabeth and Henry are dead. The rest are all living in Ohio except Kate, who lives in Indiana. Samuel passed his youth at home. In 1801, he enlisted in Co. I, lath O. V. I., and was discharged in November, 1805, having passed about live years in lighting for his country. He was a participant in the battles of Sliiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Atlanta, Corinth and a great many others. He was in actual service about live year.'^, and during that time never left his r(>giment or was wounded. After the war closed, he came to Aubuim Townshij), prosecuting his trade. On the 10th of June, 180)13, he was united in marriage with Martha Eckis, daughter of Jacob and ^[artha (Crouse) Eckis, and to this union were born four chilih-en - Albertis, born Feb. 4, 1870, died Feb. 10, 1870; Howard L.,bom Aug. 3, 1871; Vinuie, born June '28, 1876, died Aug. 19, 1870. and Ralph K., born Aug. 8, 1877. Mrs. Raudabaugh was born April 10, 18:i'.). i\Ii-. Raudabaugh owns 3i acres of land in Mechauicsbm-g. He is a Republican, and one of the best cai-i)enters in Crawford Co. He received but a limited education, but by reading and study he is one of the best-posted men iu the township.

JOHN P. SHECKLER, farmer and stockdealer; P. O. Plymouth; was born in Auburn Township, March 3, 1829. He is a son of John and Rachel (Pettit) Sheckler. The father was a native of Pennsylvania, and the mother of Virginia. They were married in Richland Co., Ohio, in 182(\ and were the parents of eight chikken - Elizabeth, Catharine, David, Thomas, John P., Christina, James and George. David is dead. Thomas and George are in Indiana, Chi'istina is in Richland Co., and the balance ;u-e in Aubiu-n Township, Crawford Co., Ohio. Mi-. Sheckler died in 1800, and Mi-s. Sheckler in 1835. They came to Auburn Township in 1821, and were of that class of pioneers that dangers and hai-dships did not daunt. Mr. Sheckler was said to have been one of the best and most respected men that are identified with Auburn Township's early history. His son John was reared on the farm. He received a good common-school education, and was married in 1862 to Lenora Ashley, a daughter of Ebenezer and Mary Ashley, and by her has the following family: Rachel E., born March 9, 1863, and died Sept. 10, 1864; Mary, liorn Aug. 15. 1864, and E. Blanche, born Jan. 1, 1807. Ml-. Sheckler is a prominent Republican and farmer in Aubm-n Township. He owns 112 acres of excellent farming land, and is highly respected by his friends and neighbors.

JOHN H. TRAGO, farmer and stock-raiser; P. O. Tiro; was born in Auburn To^vnship, Crawford Co., Ohio, May 31, 1810. His parents, Daniel and Sarah (Waters) Trago came from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1838, locating in Auburn Township, Crawford Co. They were the parents of ten children - Samuel W., Ann E., Elmira, Agnes, Francis M., Vincent T., John H., Alice A., Mary and Mon-is W. The father was born May 8, 1790, and died in Richland Co., Ohio, Jan. 3, 1870. The mother was boi-n Jan. 1, 1806, and departed this life May 22, 1871. Mr. Trago was one of the prominent and influential men of his neighborhood, and a Quaker of sterling honesty and upright dealings. John H. was reared upon a farm. Oct. 21, 1800, he was united in marriage with Nancy A., daughter of James and Jane Mount, of Richland Co., and by her has four children - Fanuie, born Sept. 1, 1867; Justus, bom May 28, 1873; Andrew E., born Aug. 18, 1876, and John H., bom July 9, 1879. Mr. Trago is a successful and enterprising farmer, owns 120 acres of well-improved land, and is a Republican in politics, and is highly respected by his friends and neighbors.

MARY E. TRAGO, Tiro; was bom in Holmes Co., Ohio, in 1843. Her first husband was Wesley Dull, and by him she had two children - Malin M., born in 1867, and one, E. W., who died in infancy. Mr. Dull departed this life Jan. 23, 1867. Mrs. Dull remaiTied May 5, 1870, her second husband being Vincent T. Trago. She bore Mr. Trago two sons - ^I;u-ion W., born April 9, 1872, and Harry D.. Ijorn Aug. 9, 1875. Mr. Trago was First Lieutenant in the late war, and was in some of the most hotly contested battles. A few of the principal engagements he was in are Shiloh, Corinth, Chickamauga, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Nashville, Columbia and others. It is said of him that he was a brave and kind officer, and a splendid soldier. Dm-ing the spring of 1880, he was stricken down with disease, and he died the death of a Christian, April 14' of the same year. His death was greatly deplored by his fi-iends and neighbors, and especially by his devoted wife. jNIrs. Trago lives on the place, 160 acres, left by him. For a more detailed account of Mi\ Trago's family connection, see the biography of his brother, John H. Trago, which will be found in another part of this work.

B. S. VAN TILBURG, merchant^ Tiro. One of the most prominent business firms of Tiro is I. & B. S. Van Tilburg, dealers in groceries, di-y goods, notions, grain, etc. The junior partner, B. S., was bom in Richland Co., Ohio, Nov. 1, 1851. His parents, Vincent and C. E. (Musser) Van Tilburg, were married in Ei 'bland Co., Ohio, in 1849, and to them were born the following family: B. S., F. O., M. L., J. M., Eva M., Emma E., Charlie G., Ettie and Adda, and one who died in infancy. Oar subject was reared on his fatlier's farm. He received a good commonschool education, and on the 19th of February, 1878, he was united in marriage with

Miss Elizabeth Bender, daughter of Jacob Bender, of Vernon Township, and by her has one daughter - Edith M., horn Sept. 24, 1878. Mr. Van Tilburg is a Republican, and member of the Lutheran Church. He owns a half-interest in one of the best stores in Tiro, Crawford Co., Oliio.

IRA VAN TILBURG, merchant. Tiro: was born in Richland Co., Ohio, Ajiril 15, 1839. He is a son of Peter and Hannah [Kennedy] Van Tilburg, who were piu-ents of twelve children - William, Margaret, Eliza, Nancy, Vincent, Frank, Kate, Mary. Maria, Ira, Mar- { tha and Lovina. All of these ai'e living except j Frank, who died in California. Peter Van ' Tilburg was a native of New Jersey, and was bom in 1802. jSlrs. Van Tilburg was also a native of New Jersey, and was born in 18(11. They were married in Jefferson Co., Ohio. ; Mr. Van Tilbm-g died dm-ing the fall of 1876, but his widow still survives him and is living in Mansfield, Ohio. The subject of this biography passed his youth and early manhood on a fai'm, and going to school. When 19 years of age, he went to Califomia, where he engaged in the mining business, which he followed in Califomia and Nevada for ten years. On the 5th of October, 1868, he was united in marriage with Miss A. E. Ewing, daughter of J. D. Ewing, Esq., of California. To this union was bom one son - Frank, bom Dec. 22, 1869. The mother was born in March, 1851. In 1871, Mr. and Mrs. Van Tilburg came to Richland Co., Ohio, Mr. Van Tilburg engaging in the mercantile business at Olivesburg. In 1873, he formed a copaiinership with his nephew, B. S. Van Tilbmg, at Tiro, Crawford Co., Ohio, under the tinn name of I. & B. S. Van Tilbiu-g. This was the first ' business house in Tiro. They stai-ted on a small capital, and to-day are one of the heav , iest firms of any town in the county. Besides a general dry goods and grocery store, they run a butter and egg house separately, and are also the only gi-ain-buyers at De Kalb Station. They keep a force of from fom' to ' five men constantly engaged. Mr. Van Til- [ burg is a radical Republican in politics, and j is a hard and eamest worker in that cause.

Source changes here: from History of Crawford County, Ohio, and Representative Citizens, by Hopley, John E. (John Edward), published 1912; 8,644 words in this source stream.

Auburn Township

Auburn township was a part of the land ceded by the Indians ,to the United States in 1805, and is the northeastern township of the county. It was surveyed by Maxfield Ludlow in 1807, and it was in the southern portion of this township his notes show that he had not been able to get a drink of water for 48 hours, while in the northern portion, the land was the most "hedeous" he had ever surveyed in his seven years' experience, and much of it was two feet under water. This northern portion was a vast swamp, very wet and unproductive except for cranberries. The township is very level, with a gradual slope to the north. In the western portion, Honey creek after rising near Tiro, goes north through the western sections, then west to the Sandusky river, while in the eastern part Coykendall run goes north to empty into a branch of the Huron river at New Haven. Both these streams have small branches, so that every section of the township is well watered. In the earlier days little streams starting in the forest wandered on their way northward to be eventually lost in the great swamp. Later an outlet to the swamp was made by which nearly all the marsh was drained into Honey creek or Coykendall run, and the worst country that the surveyor had ever gone over, became one of the most fertile and productive regions of the county. The soil of the entire township is very rich, being deep and black, with sufficient sand to furnish enough silica for strengthening the growing grain. The drift deposits are underlain in the southern portion of the township by an abundance of excellent limestone, too deep to be profitably worked, except, perhaps in the southwest part of section 28 and northwestern part of section 23, where on a little run there is a surface outcropping of very good limestone. There is a quantity of iron in the soil of the drift deposits, and in a number of wells the water is tinctured with that mineral. Abundance of water is easily found in the sand of the Waverly group of rocks at a very slight depth.

Auburn township was a part of Richland county when the latter was created in 1807, and for 13 years it was the west half of Plymouth township of that county. On April 3, 1820, Auburn township was created by the commissioners of Richland county. From its now- fertile fields of waving grain, and its level stretch of the richest of farming land under the highest state of cultivation one might today suppose it received its name from Goldsmith's lines at the head of this chapter.

But, however appropriate such an idea for the selection might seem, it was not the case. Several settlers met to discuss the affairs of the new township and among other matters to select a name. Naturally, each one had a choice, and several names were mentioned, every man supporting his own choice. Among the set- tiers were two brothers, Palmer and Daniel Hulse, who had come there from Auburn, N. Y., and as they cast two solid votes lor Auburn, that name was selected. Of the other names presented there is no record, but while the name chosen was not from the poetry of Goldsmith, the new township started on its career with one of the few poetical names in the county. The Richland commissioners followed the wishes of the citizens and named the township Auburn, and called an election for April 2, 1 821, to elect township officers. The following is the account of the first election, taken from a record book in the possession of James M. Cory :

"At an election held at the house of Palmer Hulse, in Auburn township, on the second day of April, 1821, agreeable to an order of the county commissioners, the following persons were elected township officers : Jacob Coykendall, clerk; Samuel Hanna, Levi Bodley and Michael Gisson, trustees; David Cummins, treasurer ; James Gardner and David Cummins, overseers of the poor; Adam Aumend and Charles Dewitt, fence viewers ; James C. Coykendall and Lester and Jesse Bodley, appraisers; Adam Aumend, Jr., constable; Michael Gisson, William Cole, William Laugherty and William Garrison, supervisors. The above officers were severally elected and qualified according to law. Jacob Coykendall, township clerk."

"Jacob Coykendall's commission as justice of the peace bears date July 14, 1821. He was qualified Aug. 29, same year, and gave bond Sept. 27, 182 1 ; James Coykendall and James Gardner, bondsmen."

In 182 1 the pioneers of Auburn were nearly all from New England with a few from New York, and it is probable the first election followed the town-meeting plan of New England, where all the voters met in convention and selected their officials. The residence of Palmer Hulse was in what is now Richland county, near the road which runs from Bucyrus to Plymouth. So the townshio was named by two men who never resided in what is the present Auburn township, the same as Crawford county was named after the revolutionary officer who was tortured by the Indians at a site which is not now a part of the county.

In the chapter relating to Crawford county, the names are given of those who settled there in the early days, John Pettigon and Jedidiah Morehead, who erected cabins and pursued their occupation as hunters as early as 1814 to 1815. William Green entered 160 acres and erected a log cabin on section 27 in 181 5, to which he removed with his family on Dec. 16, 1816. He had left his family in Licking county. Green was the first real settler in Auburn township and what is now Crawford county. He increased his quarter section until later he owned a full section of 640 acres, and half a century later his sons Samuel S. and Walter, were cultivating the land cleared by their father. A man named John Deardorff, settled in Auburn township in 18 16, but left before the township was organized. William Cole, in 181 7, settled on section 27; Charles, David and James Morrow, in 1817, just west of Green and Cole, on section 28; Jacob Coykendall, on section 15, two miles west of the Hulses, in 18 16; Charles Dewitt, John Bodley, David Cummins, on section 22, north of Green ; William Laugherty on section 29, a mile north of the present village of Tiro, in 1818. Among those in 1819, were Resolved, a descendant of Perigrene White, who was born on the Mayflower while it was anchored off the coast of Massachusetts. Perigrene White was the second son of William and Susanne White, who sailed from Southampton on the Mayflower with their two children, one a daughter Faith, and the other a son. Resolved, receiving that name from the fact of his birth, just at the time his father had finally resolved to accompany the Pilgrims to America. The Resolved White who settled in Auburn, was the fifth or sixth generation from William White, the Pilgrim father. He was born in Poonfred township, Windham county, Conn., on March 31, 1787, and in 1794 went with his parents to Windsor, Berkshire county, Mass. ; here his father died in 1804, and four years later his mother moved to Otsego county, N. Y., and later to Ontario county. Early in 181 8, Resolved White, in company with Rev. Asabel

And Representative Citizens

Moore and family, left in a horse and sleigh for the Connecticut reserve. A part of this way they made on the ice, along the southern shore of Lake Erie. Reaching Huron on Lake Erie, they went up the Huron river through Milan to Norwalk, which at that time consisted of two or three log cabins, Paul Benedict of Connecticut having erected the first log cabin there in 1817. White stopped here and erected the first frame building in Norwalk for a man named Forsyth. He decided to settle in this section, and went through the woods on an exploring tour, and reaching Auburn township, purchased of William Laugherty, the east half of section 29, paying $3.75 per acre. There was a small log house on the farm and a few acres cleared. He then returned to Norwalk and continued his trade as a carpenter, and in the spring of 1821, went to Ontario county, N. Y., sailing on Lake Erie on the steamboat Walk-in-the-Water, the first steamer that ever plied the waters of Erie. The event which transpired on White's return to Ontario county showed there was a reason for his securing a home in the west, and that his return had been arranged for when he left home three years previous. On May 13, 1821, he married Lucy Searl, and he purchased a horse and wagon and with his bride started for their western home, where he arrived on July 10 of that year, and remained a resident of Auburn township until his death on April 5, 1875, his wife Lucy having died a year previous. May 13, 1874. Rodolphus Morse settled on section 20, just north of White's purchase, in 1819 or 1820. He arrived with his wife Huldah and son Amos, then but a year old. Morse took a prominent position in the afifairs of Auburn township, and was followed by his son Amos, who until his death was a leading man in the control of the township. Others in 1819 were Samuel and Elizabeth Hanna, settling on land his father James had entered in 1818. John Webber and Palmer and Daniel Hulse were also early settlers. The first officers of the township show that other early settlers were Levi Bodley, Michael Gisson, James Gardner and William Garrison; besides these, the records indicate that a man named Tyndall was a resident of the township; also Jacob Byerson, section 31, and Lester Levi and Jesse Bodley; John Blair, who came in

1 82 1 from New York State, bought a half section in sections 20 and 21, where his son Ira, still lives; George Hammond and wife Sarah, who came from Connecticut in 1822, purchased 150 acres of Martin Clark, the northwest quarter of section 28, on which there was a small cabin, and a few acres already cleared. His heirs still live on the farm. John Sheckler came from Pennsylvania in 1821, settling on section 22. In 1850, 151 acres of this land was appraised at $1,000. Erastus Sawyer settled on section 21, Jesse Ladow on section 10, and Nelson S. Howe on section 16, also Aaron B. Howe ; Daniel Bunker, Jacob Bevard, Richard Tucker, Seth Hawkes, Jacob and William Snyder and Erastus Kellogg; William Johns, Thomas Cooker, Enoch Baker, and John Talford. Erastus Sawyer came in 1820. Adam Aumend, with his wife and daughter, both named Mary, came in 1819.

Jacob Coykendall was the first justice of the peace; his commission was dated July 14, 1821, and he qualified on Aug. 29, with James Coykendall and James Gardner as bondsmen. One of his first acts was the marriage of Harvey Hoadley to Elizabeth Blair in 1821. The next known marriage was Dec. 19, 1822, when Erastus Kellogg and Sally Snider became man and wife.

May 8, 1824, Jacob Coykendall and Aaron Howe were appointed justices. On April 23, 1827, Jacob Coykendall was again appointed and with him James Clements.

with Senecas and others. They gathered cranberries during the season, and shot the game that abounded in the forests. The pioneers of Auburn had located there to make homes for themselves and nearly all of them devoted their time to the clearing away of the forests and the cultivation of the soil. Some few hunted the wild game, but the majority preferred devoting their time to agriculture, purchasing game of the friendly Indians, or of some neighbor skillful with the rifle. The principal pay of the Indians was in whiskey, a gallon being sufficient for the result of one day's hunting, but when it came to the white hunter it was a matter of cash, or if in whiskey, several gallons were the price of a day's shooting.

One of the first things needed was roads. The southern half of the township by 1820, was fairly settled with perhaps a mile separating neighbors. These were reached by blazed paths through the forest. But \\hen crops were gathered a market was necessary, so the settlers cut through the woods a road extending from the southern part of the township up toward Paris (Plymouth) and into Huron county, through New Haven to Milan, then the principal town in what is now Huron county. This road was very crudely constructed, merely the trees and bushes cut away, and where the ground was low and swampy, trees were felled and a corduroy road made. Another road ran from Paris, through the township southwest to Bucyrus, while a third crossed the northeastern part of the county, running from Tiffin through where New Washington now is and on east. In Auburn township nearly the entire distance was corduroy, the only way to make the swamps passable; and each spring new logs had to be piled on the old, where the old ones had sunk into the soft mire. Deer, bear, wolves and catamounts were abundant; the deer were harmless but the three latter were a nuisance and a danger to the settlers. The killing of the deer by the Indians was at such wholesale rates that the settlers were obliged to put a stop to the killing of the does, the true white hunter only killing does out of the breeding season and for meat. The Indians killed indiscriminately for the skins of the animal, leaving the carcasses in the Avood as useless. Amos Morse tells the storv that his father, Rodolphus

Morse, had an agreement with David Byers, an expert woodsman, by which his father agreed to bring in all the deer that Byers could kill in one day. Byers made the arrangement one evening when there was a heavy snow fall, assuring the next day as an excellent one for deer. The hunter had an old flint lock rifle, which had done him service for years, and during the day killed seven deer. Six of these Morse brought in, but the seventh had only been wounded and Byers had followed it for eight miles before he killed it, and it was late in the day, and impossible for Morse to bring in the animal as per the agreement. Many of the hunters captured the fawns, which patiently stood at their dead mother's side, and were easily led home where they became the pets of the children, following them around, adorned with some bright ribbon, and when possible, with a bell so they could be found when they strayed away into the forests.

The wilder animals were a nuisance. On one occasion Enoch Baker had gone through the woods on Saturday evening to see his girl, following the trail his frequent trips had done much toward establishing between the two cabins. On his way home he was scented by the wolves, and started on a swift run for his father's cabin. He could hear the howling of the wolves as they approached nearer and nearer, finally snapping and snarling on both sides of him. Fortunately, he was near his home. He was armed only with a stout club, and threatening demonstrations with this kept the snarling animals at bay until he could reach the clearing, and when he got into the open the wolves slunk back into the forest. It was not a pleasant experience, but he did not regard it as serious enough to overcome the pleasures of his Saturday evening's visits, for they were continued until the young lady solved the problem and relieved him of all further dangerous trips by making her home with him, the young couple moving into a cabin on his father's farm.

One Sunday morning Daniel Cole, having arisen early to look after his farm duties, heard a hallooing in the woods, went into the house, and got his rifle, and started out to find the cause. Up in the crotch of a small tree sat one of his young neighbors, while at the base, a bear was patiently standing guard. Cole killed the bear, and the young man came down. He, too, was on his way home from a visit to his best girl, when he was followed by a bear and only found safety in a sapling too small for the bear to climb but large enough to support him. It had not been a long wait, as in those days when a young man started for a courting visit of several miles after doing his evening chores, he arrived there in time to find the old folks very sensibly in bed, and etiquette only demanded that he leave before daylight.

William Cole, a brother of Daniel, when about 1 6, started off with the dogs to bring in the cows which were wandering in the forest. Suddenly the dogs rushed forward and he heard a tremendous barking. He hurried forward and found them standing guard over a large hollow log, and from their actions was satisfied it was an animal of which they were afraid. He stole cautiously forward and found a small bear had sought safety in the hollow log. The boy was unarmed, but he secured a heavy club, and boldly caught the bear by the hind legs, to pull him out of the log, the dogs previously attacking the animal, their sharp teeth making the bear get out into the open as quickly as possible. Young Cole seized the club, and dealt the bear a savage blow on the head. The bear responded by a rush at Cole, who defended himself with his club, while the dogs made vicious attacks on the bear, and when the animal had to turn to defend himself from the dogs. Cole used his club to such advantage, that between him and the dogs the bear was killed. Both Cole and the dogs were badly scratched and bruised, and he returned home where he told his story to the great astonishment of his father, who refused to credit it, until he had gone out and brought in the bear.

William's brother Daniel went on a visit to a relative near West Liberty, and one morning started home at daylight his only companion being a large bull dog belonging to Enoch Baker. He had not gone far into the woods before he found a pack of wolves were on his trail. He hurried forward, but the wolves were soon on both sides of him more than a dozen of them, and one large one, the leader of the pack, was about to spring on him, when the dog seized the animal by the throat giving the boy time to climb into a small iron-wood tree. The dog had the wolf down, but the brute managed to shake himself free, and the whole pack then slunk away into the woods.

One day Seth Hawks heard the squealing of one of his hogs, and started immediately to see what the trouble was, neglecting to take his gun with him. A quarter of a mile from his cabin he came upon a large log and behind it was his hog, with two large bears attacking it. The bears saw Hawks and made a rush for him. Hawks made a run for it, and with a desperate spring caught the branches of a small tree, and swung himself over the limb, as the bears oassed beneath him. The infuriated animals endeavored to climb the tree, but it was too small. They then tried to leap high enough to get their claws on the scared man and sometimes the bear managed to strike the frail limb almost shaking him off. He called loudly for assistance and fortunately his wife heard him, and hurried for help to their nearest neighbor, who was Rodolphus Morse, and in half an hour he arrived, and on seeing him approach the bears quickly left and were lost in the woods.

The forests were swarming with squirrel; they were so plentiful that there was no excitement of the hunt in killing them, besides deer and turkeys were more plentiful for game, but- the squirrel were a nuisance. They infested the fields of the farmer, ate his planted grain and injured his crops, and frequently squirrel hunts were arranged to get rid of the troublesome little fellows. At one famous squirrel hunt, sides were chosen with Thomas Cooker captain of one team and Enoch Baker of the other. When the two parties met at night each had slain their hundreds and while they were in doubt as to which side belonged the victory, Baker added to his pile a huge catamount he had killed, and to him the victory was given.

David Cummins built a saw mill on the Honey Creek in section 17. It was a small frame structure, and run by water power, a dam being built. This was about 1827, but there was little demand for lumber, most of the_ pioneers being contented with their log cabins. Prior to its erection the few frame houses erected were built of lumber obtained a dozen miles away on the Mohican or on the Huron rivers. In 1855 the saw mill was abandoned, after passing through several hands. About 1830 Rev. Thomas Millard came to the township and settled in the northwest quarter of section 17, and on the banks of the Honey creek he erected a saw mill. One section was supplied with mill stones made of nigger heads, and wheat and corn were ground, which was a great convenience to the people, as previously they were obliged to go to New Haven to have grain ground.

The mill was a large frame one, a dam having been built to furnish the power. After running the mill for a dozen years, Mr. Millard leased it to Enoch Baker, for which he was to receive half the profits, but the arrangement proved unprofitable to Baker, ;and he quit the business and a few years later Millard sold out to Rufus Page. Although the mills turned out a good brand of flour, there was not enough business to make it profitable, and the grinding of grain was abandoned. In 1836 Coykendall & Ladow built a saw mill on Coykendall creek in section 10. At first the mill was operated by water power, but too much of the year there was not sufficient water, so steam was introduced. The mill burned down, but the business was good and it was immediately rebuilt. There now being a demand for lumber to replace the log houses about 1840 William Ewing built a mill on the Coykendall creek, further up the stream, and this was continued for twenty years before it was abandoned. Another grist mill was built by Jonathan Davis and William Crouse at Mechanicsburg, half a mile north of Tiro, but it was only run four years, when it was moved away. The usual price at the mill for sawing was 40c. per hundred feet, or one half the logs. About 1883 the citizens of Tiro and the surrounding farmers raised $4,000 and gave it to Thornberg & Haskell as an inducement fort them to start a mill in the village. A very large frame building was erected, it was furnished with all the modern machinery, and was a success from the start. It was erected just south of the railroad track, with every convenience for shipment, and here grain is either ground, or bought and shipped, and the having of a fine mill in easy access has been a

The township being largely settled by people from New England they were a Sunday observing class and as early as 18 18 services were held in the larger cabins, when some traveling minister came among^ the pioneers. The pioneers were all strict observers of the Sabbath, and generally knew when the day came around, although watches and clocks were hardly known in the township and almanacs were scarce. One Sunday morning Rodolphus Morse had had his usual family worship, and was doing the necessary feeding, when he heard the voice of Seth Hawks, his nearest neighbor, shouting to his oxen. The noise continued and Mr. Morse thought it best to go across and see what was the cause of this unseemly disturbance on the Sabbath day, Mr. Hawks being one of the strictest Presbyterians in the neighborhood. Reaching the barn of Hawks he found his neighbor very busily engaged in driving a yoke of oxen around the puncheon floor on which was a heavy spread of grain, and in this way was threshing his wheat. Mr. Morse asked him what he meant by working on the Sabbath day, and Hawks discovered he had mistaken the day, thinking it was Saturday. He promptly unhitched his oxen, retired to the house, and finished the day in fasting and prayer.

By 1 82 1 it was found necessary to erect churches and both the Methodists and Baptists that year built small log churches, organized their societies, and preaching was more regular. The Presbyterians, Winebrennarians (Church of God) and English Lutherans organized societies and held services at irregular intervals. In 1830, Avhen Rev. Thomas Millard settled on section 19 he donated two acres of land for church purposes. He was an earnest and indefatigable worker in the vineyard of the Lord. Erecting his saw mill, one of the first uses was the sawing of the lumber for the new church, and much of the work of the . building was done by him, and when completed he was chosen as the first minister of "Good Will church." The church was built in 1835, and the congregation thrived and multiplied, and in 1868 this building became too small, and a new and larger structure was erected on the same site in 1868. In the southeastern part of the township is the Pleasant Grove M. E. church, organized in 1850. It is on the old Portland road, one mile north of the township line. About 1835 an M. E. church was built in the northern part of this township, a mile west of Waynesburg on the road leading to Plymouth. It was sold to the Winebrennarians and by them was later moved to the northeastern part of the township, but the attendance gradually became less and less, and although still standing it is only used for funerals and occasional services.

The Baptists held services as early as the Methodists but they progressed more slowly, until about 1830 it had an unexpected increase of membership, and in 1840, a frame church was erected on section 16, on the farm of Deacon Howe who was one of the prominent Baptists and an earnest worker, and did much to build up the church. This building was sufificient for the congregation until in 1879 a new and larger one was erected at a cost of $2,500.

The first Presbyterian services were held as early as 1825. They were conducted by Rev. Mr. Wolf, who for years previous had been a missionary among the Indians and traveled all over Northern Ohio, establishing churches, and it was through his work and efforts a Presbyterian congregation was formed, and later a church erected.

The United Brethren held services long before they were strong enough to erect a church. ' They finally built one near Tiro, and their present large building was erected in 1878.

St. Mary's Catholic Church, at North Auburn, had its origin in the spring of 1879, when the Catholics living in the neighborhood of Waynesburg met together to devise some plan whereby Sunday services could be held and a Sunday school started nearer than New Washington. It was decided to erect a frame structure on a corner of the old Faeth farm, which was accordingly done, Father Amadeus Dambach being the first pastor. He was called away in the summer of 1881 and the church then became a mission of the New Washington church. Rev. Laurence Heiland ministering to the two congregations from 1 88 1 to 1888. The Rev. George Vogt was then assigned as pastor and during his form of service the church was frescoed and stained glass windows were substituted for the old plain glass panes. Father Vogt donating one window and Father Horstman another. In 1899 Rev. John Kunnert took charge of the church at New Washington and the mission of St. Mary's. During his term as pastor a basement was dug and the building equipped with a furnace; and the somewhat high church tower was lowered for considerations of safety. In July, 1906 Rev. G. M. Schmidz was appointed as resident priest of St. Marys, and under him various church organizations were established. These are the Christian Mother Society, which has a membership of thirty-seven; the St. Agnes Sodality and St. Aloysius Sodality, in which the young women and young men of the parish are respectively enrolled. The parish now numbers about 60 families. In connection with the parish there is a successful parochial school. Father Schmidz was ordained at Baltimore, Md. in 1904 by Cardinal Gibbons. Besides acting as pastor of St. Mary's he supplies St. Anthony's church, which he organized three years ago.