Burton Township (part 4 of 7)

His studies of Scripture gave him power in description of the size, length, breadth, height and depth of heaven. Its jasper walls and streets of gold were the marvelous wonders of his tongue. In the woods of Montville, at a later day, he had a saw-mill. He died in that town.

1838. Disciples. - In 1835 John A. Ford and his wife, and Adaline Barnes, Mrs. Ford's sister, attended a meeting in Chardon, became believers, and were immersed. Elder William Collins was invited to visit Burton. He came, and preached with such effect that a church was organized in 1838, with John A. Ford and Joseph Woodard, elders. About 1843 a house of worship was built on the east of the square, south of Carlos Williams' present residence. In this, for many years, preaching was had, and maay protracted meetings of interest were held. The names of Elders Collins, Vial, Williams, Hayden, Hartzel, Green, Belding, Munnell, Harrison Jones, and Calvin Smith, are still remembered, as preachers of the Word, faithful to their calling. Their preaching had good effect in turning people back to a study of the Bible. On the removal of Mr. Ford, in 1858, the church ceased to meet, and the property was sold, the proceeds being donated to the cause of education, in Hiram college.

The Universalists - had no organization here, but some families held to the doctrine. John Ford, Hyde, Noah Hall, and Edson, were so claimed, and the Williamses. Some of their ministers preached in the academy, and Ebenezer Williams, of Kirtland, preached in the hall of John Ford's house. A Mr. Hoag preached here at one time.

Music

The first mention of public singing is given as being at the meeting in the house of Isaac Clark, July, 1802. Jonathan Brooks was chorister, and Elijah Hayes, a six-year old boy, remembers him pitching the time - Fa - Sol - La - Me - Fa. Isaac and Ephraim Clark, brothers, stood up with him, and they all sang vigorously.

The 1st Singing School - was under his instruction, and he early taught notes in the school-house, northwest corner of the square. His children and grandchildreh were great lovers of music, and some were excellent performers.

Of the first Violinists - Lyman Durand stood ahead. Dennis Cramton played, and Garry Cramton became widely known. Later Alfred Utley and Orlando Hoadley. G. Cramton says Anna Brown, daughter of Freeman, is the best player ever in town, bringing out the sweetest tones of the violin.

One September day in 1825, Benjamin Johnson was buried. The masons marched in the funeral cortege, from the house "across the river," and in military order. He had been a soldier of the revolution, and the music led to the grave. A singular and solemn band timed the steps of that train. Leonard Sweat played the clarionet, Selden Brooks the flute, Ira Hoadley the violin, Major John Brown beat the muffled snare, and H. H. Ford, a boy of 11 years, the bass-drum. #

Lemon Sperry - was full of singing, and led when meetings were held in the academy, east of the square. The singers stood up in line - the boys on one side, and girls on the other hand, and Sperry in the middle. He always beat time vehemently, and kept stepping ahead. When the hymn was sung, he would be several feet in front, and away from his class, all the while keeping his eyes to the book, and his back to his companions.

A man of kind heart, he will be remembered, as will his characteristic oddities and looks. He drove to church in a kind of four-wheel cab, the coach part being a sort of high box, large enough to seat two or three persons, and painted yellow. It was drawn by one horse, "Old Dill," and the bell crowned hat on his head, was about as tall as could be admitted into the coach, without stooping. . . . ' .

He lived some time with Judge Hitchcock, and after he started on the farm for himself, used to visit the judge. His peculiar habit was to visit at night, and he would sit and talk with his neighbors all night, if they w^ere so inclined. The judge was a man of regular habits. When bedtime came, the judge would light a candle, and say, "Come, Sperry, here's a candle - take it, and go up-stairs to bed." Oh, no, said Sperry, I must go home, and started off.

The story is told that in a singing school held in the school-house, then standing near Middlefield corners, he led the class, beating time with his foot, and stepping backwards. A trap door, was in some way connected with the floor for a pass way under it, and a rogue of a boy slid it aside. Sperry kept tramping on his backward beat, and went down into it two feet, to the great amusement of the class and lookers-on.

Another instance is related, when he beat right and left, and upset the only candle, leaving the class in darkness. A man of good impulses, he was an obliging neighbor.

At his request, the music of the church bell went sounding across the valley of the Cuyahoga, rejoicing with him in the ringing, at the time of his 3d marriage, and the friends joined hands in circle round the happy pair, when the ceremony was said by Parson Witter.

for music, and an eye for red cattle. He often drove to town the finest devon steers, matched, and yoked to a cart. He taught singing in the log schoolhouses "over the river," when he lived back by the spring, in the Bentley house. The Dickerman lot, as this came to be known afterwards, was cleared by Mr. Holbrook, in 1806, and in 1807; John Ford and Captain Patchin harvested a crop of wheat for him, on the lot. With two or three pairs of cattle, hitched to a sled, he would start out of a winter evening; the children in the neighborhood would pile on, and a jolly crew went riding to the school-house where he taught singing. Robert Hotchkiss and Burrit Wilmot, led in the Congregational church, and after them, in 1842, came

Andrew' Fowler - with a fine tenor voice. He was popular and efficient, leading and teaching about 12 years. In the Methodist meetings Joel T. Merriman sang, wdth great spirit, for many years, and his voice still echoes on the recollections of those who gathered at class-meeting in that church. With the Disciples, Adeline Hoadley sang most sweetly. Though the church be broken and scattered, there are those who bring back the soul-thrilling melody of her song, and the words: "O, Lord of rest, for Thee I sigh;" or, "The year of jubilee has come."

The martial music was centered here from all parts of the county, on "general training days." Major John Brown and the rapid roll of his snare drum, beats back on the years that are gone, and the shrill whistle of Robert Burnett's fife calls over the days of muster men, and boys, with fists full of "ginger-bread and 'lasses candy." After the grand parade of uniformed militia, ahd gaily-mounted officers, came horse races, w'est of Pinney's tavern; the free flow of whiskey; the bettings; and always, the fight, after which somebody was sure to run, with a black eye, for the 'Squire, and try to have the bully, wffio had knocked him, arrested. But the steady old 'Squires generally let pounder and the pounded go, without legal attention. Of later years, the bugle's call has been heard throughout the land. In October, 1859, a military band was organized, and was taught by Prof. F. A. Eilman. It was uniformed in blue. O. B. Hoadley was leader from the first, and they remained together until 1866. They were the escort of Co. B, 41st O. V. infantry, going into camp, in Cleveland, in 1861. They gained quite a reputation, and were called to go on excursions, and, by invitation from the steamer's officers, made the round trip of the upper lakes, on the "North Star," in the year i860.

Many of the members have fine tastes in music, and have cultivated a love for it. Under a leader who is fully in advance with the da,y and who composes and writes music, they are well drilled. The finest pieces, and most difficult, from the great composers, are readily executed by them.

In 1878, George W. Jaques raised funds, and a stand was built on the north of the park, where Saturday evening concerts are given. In the summer months, crowds of people gather in from the surrounding towns to enjoy splendid notes from operatic selections - the "Overture to Poet and Peasant," or the pathos of the "Sweet By-and-By," as they keyed its touching strains in sweet harmony, and timed them floating away on the evening air to grateful ears. The time of this band may be spoken of, as perfect. They meet for practice weekly.

On the death of O. B. Hoadley, they were out in full uniform, at the funeral, Sunday, August 31, 1879, ar*d marched with the hearse, paying all respect and honor to the dead brother. At the grave they played "Rest, Spirit, Rest," and "Nearer, My God, to Thee." The stand was draped with crape.

The music in the Congregational church service attracts the attention of visitors, as being uncommonly choice for the country. Several trained voices carry the parts, led by an organ, and while, in the old fashioned style, it comes to the backs of the congregation, the music is rarely as well executed.

Military

1776. The American Revolution was a war of uncertainty, because of untried and unknown forces, against a time-honored and world-renowned power.

Of the active service of the patriots, in that great struggle, who afterwards located in Burton, there is no account, other than the little items where their names occur, in the sketches of early settlement.

1812. As if the wind had published it, and every breath was an Indian whoop, the news of Hull's surrender, August 16th, spread through the wilds of this new country. General Paine dashed from Painesville to Burton, it is said, leaving his hat in the brush, to give orders in person as to the gathering of the militia, and marching to Cleveland. A battalion was raised, and, with Colonel Beard, and Major Hickox, were first to report there. They were ordered to throw up earthworks on Walworth run, and prepared for a vigorous defense against the merciless foe, rumored pushing on down from Sandusky and Huron. Col. Jedediah Beard was in command of the regiment, and soon had a wellorganized camp. The quick response to the call, made a clean sweep of Burton. Gilbert J. Ferris was sick on his bed, with rheumatism, but he roused up and hobbled off on a mop-stick for a crutch, to a wagon with supplies and baggage, and went through. They marched to Chardon and Kirtland, crossing the Chagrin at Abbot's (Willoughby), where there was a bridge. Hickox had g°ne in advance, and, swimming his horse, in the high water at another point, was near being lost.

Thomas Davidson, relating his stories to Mr. Cay, used to tell of the soldiers riding the few horses they had, from the camp to the lake for water, and continuously back and forth, all day, to make the enemy believe that a great troop had gathered in the defense. Mr. Hitchcock has so well written the general aco°unt of 1812, and also of 1861, that there is little left that wrould not be repetition

Drafting men for the service took place, September 26, 1812, and Febm^O^d and 6th, 1813. By order of Lieut. Col. Jedediah Beard, of the 1st regiment,# brigade, and 4th division, of Ohio militia, a court martial was held at Cleveland, on the 2 2d of May, 1813, for trial of men neglecting to report, under the draft. Among the members of the court was Capt. V. Stone, and Peter Hitchcock was judge advocate. Twenty men were arraigned, and with their names appear Daniel Dayton and Seth Hayes. They were fined from $90 to $114 each. Peter Hitchcock held commands from captain to major general. As colonel, he called another board of officers, convened at Chardon, September 14, 1814, to adjudge delinquents, some of whom had been fined at Cleveland. Fifteen hundred men of the 4th division were ordered to the frontier by the secretary of war - order issued September 5, 1812.

The first militia organization was effected early - about 1803. J. S. Cleveland, the first merchant, was elected captain; Jedediah Beard, lieutenant; and Lyman Benton, ensign. Eli, Seth, and Joseph Hayes, trained in the company. Mililia duty was regularly attended for years after the war of 1812, and the general trainings will long be remembered. The last encampment was in command of General Eleazer Paine, on the old Umberfield lot, west of the Congregational church and Union school building, in 1845. There young Allen was killed.

The old " Floodwood Company" mustered a motley crowd of men. They drilled with hoes, sticks, and brush brooms. George Boughton was an enrolled member, and speaks of "Joe Eastman" as captain. By the close of the day he was "pretty full," and marched his company to Umberfield's tavern, halting them in line. Then, the characteristic order *came, "Right about face! Go home, d - n you, and tell your wives and sweethearts what a good time you have had!" They were marching towards the tavern at another time, and did not "Right wheel," when ordered, and he shouted, "Right wheel!" the second time, but they marched on, whemhe roared, "Right wheel! d - n you, or I won't treat you !"

Resting from the defense against British usurpation, the country prospered, and the cultivated land widened out in all her borders. But the prosperity was a delusion. Equal rights to all men was a declaration, discussed full three quarters of a century by the nation, and prayed and wept over by a despised race, for more than two hundred and forty years. Debate was ended, and the oppressor stalked forth at midnight from the national senate chamber, and set the gauge of battle.

The South called it a revolution, but the first flash upon the fortress by the sea of South Carolian, was followed by a never ending echo from the guns of Sumter that fixed it a rebellion, and the last black man's shout of victory, in the deserted streets of Richmond, finished it a rebellion. Into the mighty arena of war and death, between 1861 and '65, Burton sent her full quota of soldierly men. Some sleep where they went down, others rest beside their kin at home. Many were maimed and scarred, and some were veterans. Those that came back to the duties of citizenship, the swift years have changed, and the boys of '61 are men with deepened face lines, and hairs of grey. The reports of the killed, wounded and dead cannot in all casses be obtained. To save a record of all the names of those in the service, is the effort. It may be incomplete in the roll list, but will be made up from all the means at command.

The nucleus of the 41st Ohio, Col. W. B. Hazen, was fixed in Burton. So many of our men served in that regiment, that we quote from the pen of Maj. Henry W. Johnson, relating to its start. A company of militia of reserve was organized the summer of 1861. On call for three years men, the company was in line. E. A. Ford, captain, asked those that were ready to enlist to step out in front of the ranks. 7 men stepped to the front. E. A. Ford, H. W. Johnson, James B. Cleveland, C. H. Talcott, L. T. Patchin, Henry Hotchkiss, and Martin Taylor, enlisted. The 7 visited Newbury, South Newbury, Auburn, Troy, Parkman, Middlefield, and Huntsburgh, marching all the round, bivouacing in halls at night, and fed by the ladies. They held rousing meetings, making speeches, singing songs and enlisting men at these places, runing up the roll to 100, the men falling in and going on to the next town, until the company was so large, that all could not be accepted.

In Camp Wood, at Cleveland, E. A. Ford, first called on the roll, nominated W. R. Tolies for captain; W. W. Munn, 1st lieutenant; and H. W. Johnson, 2d lieutenant, and they were elected, Ford being made 1st sergeant. In the battle of Stone River he was shot through, but recovered, and was afterwards promoted captain, and is now living in St. Louis. Johnson became quarter-master, then major, and served through the war. He was acting adjutant-general in the Mississippi department, and is now living in Michigan City, Indiana. Cleveland was promoted lieutenant. Talcott was 2d lieutenant, and fell mortally wounded by a piece of shell, at Shiloh. His body was encased by W. J. Ford, and the remains brought home. He sleeps in the cemetery east of the village, and Patchin rests beside him. Patchin was 2d lieutenant and wounded at Stone River. He died in the hospital at Nashville. Hotchkiss came through the service, and is now living at the Oak hill farm. Taylor died in the hospital at Nashville, Tennessee, March 2d, 1863. W. R. Tolies became colonel of the 105th Ohio, and did gallant service. He is now living in California. It would be interesting to follow the history of the spldiers in any of these wars, but there is not further space.

Military Roster War Of The Revolution

From the limited sources of information, it is difficult to gain much that is very reliable. Of the company that went to Cleveland, some returned soon, others volunteered for three months, and others for the war, but on the roll hereafter given, the enlistments are not specified.

Adding to this the two or three from Middlefield, and it brings the number up to 61, as it has been often stated that about sixty went out to Cleveland to meet the Indians. v

Independent Battery

Newell S. Orcutt, killed by guerillas Dec. 23rd, 1863, and by order of General Thomas, the county in Kentucky had to pay $10,000 to his mother.

Recapitulation

Was organized in 1861. Mrs. Mary DeForrest Witter was chosen president and continued during the entire war, giving her earnest attention to the work, and having the constant support of high spirited and patriotic ladies. The gifts, for the benefit of the soldiers, by actual appraisement amounted to $1,460. Of this $590 was paid in money. The other officers were :

At a later period Mrs. Harriet Ford was also chosen as a vice-president, and Mrs. Hotchkiss resigned the secretaryship, her place being filled by Mrs. Witter. The society was composed of almost all of the ladies in town, and all contributed, in greater or less degree to its, efficiency and success. Many served as managers with great faithfulness, and all worked with heart and hand. The society was aided by concerts, and by school exhibitions, given by young people. A well managed system of district collections was instituted, and women gave freely and gladly of their means, while encouraging the good work by their personal labor and presence. Thus the society was enabled to furnish and forward monthly, and often semi-monthly, many large and valuable boxes to hospitals, and to Sanitary Commission at Cleveland. Lists of all things supplied, with valuations, by competent and chosen judges, are now on record on the books of the society and testify to the work wrought.

Many who helped on the patriotic work, who gave freely from their poverty or from their abundance, have passed away "to that bourne whence no trav-, eler returns." We who are spared, can rejoice together, over the return of peace and prosperity to our beloved country.

Temperance.* - The first temperance society formed in Burton, of which we have any record, was organized June i, 1832. It would appear, from the records of the secretary's book, that the constitution of the society had. been previously drafted, and some signatures obtained. How long previous to this date, is uncertain. The objects of this organization were succinctly stated in the preamble to its constitution, as follows: "Impressed with the fearful magnitude of the evils resulting to individuals, to families, and to our common country, from the noble and successful experiment already made in almost every section of our country', from the prevalent use of distilled liquors, and from the noble and successful experiment already made in almost every section of the country, believing that voluntary associations on the principle of entire abstinence, combining the influence of numbers and example, to be a most efficient means of resisting those evils, and suppressing their cause, therefore we the undersigned agree to form ourselves into a temperance association." The constitution, which was signed by all the members of the society', contained the pledge. By this signing, each member was bound to "consider himself pledged (until he withdrew his name), to entire abstinence from the use of ardent spirits, either, as an article of luxury or common use, except by the prescription of a physician, or where there is reason conscientiously to believe that a skillful physician would prescribe it as a medicine."

The association was styled "The Temperance Society of Burton and Vicinity. * It had, during the course of its continuance, 222 members. Erastus Goodwin was chairman, and Seabury Ford, secretary pro. tern, of the first meeting. For the first year, Peter Hitchcock, was elected president; Erastus Goodwin, first vice-president; Seabury Ford, second vice-president, and Sherman Ooodwin, now of Victoria, Texas, secretary.

These officers remained the same, the two following years, with the exception that Lawrence Hitchcock and George Boughton were successively elected secretaries. At the first meeting, an address was delivered by William L. Perkins, esq. On October 5, 1836, the association was dissolved, and a new one formed, with a constitution varying in some respects from the former. There were 66 signers to this constitution.

About 1842, the Washingtonian Temperance wave struck Burton. A pledge was circulated, which read as follows: "We whose names are hereto annexed, believing that the use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage, is not only useless but hurtful to the social, civil and religious interests of man, that it tends to form intemperate appetites and habits, and that while it is continued, the evils -of intemperance cannot be done away. Do, therefore, agree that we will not use them, nor traffic in them as a beverage, that we will not provide them as an article of entertainment, or for persons in our employment, and that in all suitable ways we w'ill discountenance their use throughout the community." To this pledge, 256 names were appended. Many meetings were held. Speakers were present from Cleveland and Pittsburg, and there was much excitement and enthusiasm, probably equaling if not exceeding the more recent Murphy movement in those respects, although not in the number of names obtained to a temperance pledge.

town of Burton, State of Ohio, was formed. The preamble of its constitution declared the members "desirous of forming a society to shield us from the evils of intemperance, afford mutual assistance in case of sickness, and elevate our characters as men." It differed from the societies in general, which preceded, in being a secret organization, and from both those which preceded and followed,, in not including ladies in its membership. Its pledge was "no brother shall make, buy, sell, or use as a beverage, any spirituous or malt liquors, wine or cider. Tradition assigns about 75 as the number of its membership, and the lodge continued in operation as late as 1853. The regular meetings were held once a week. According to best information, Dr. J. H. Coulter, now of Columbus, Ohio, Vas the first worthy partriarch; Dennis Cramton, past worthypatriarch; and P. Hitchcock; jr., worthy scribe. Dr. Coulter was deputy grand worthy patriarch lor Geauga county. After him, Peter Hitchcock was appointed, on November 5, 1849, D. G. W. P., which position he occupied for some years.

By the operation of this temperance society, men who were in the habit of drinking, were reformed, and considerable healthy temperance influence was exerted.

But a short period had elapsed after the close of the meetings of this lodge, when, on the 24th day of January, 1855, the Boanergian Temple, No. 75, Independent Order of Good Templars, was organized. The pledge of this lodge was "no member shall make, buy, sell, use, or give to others, as a beverage, any spirituous or malt liquors, wine, or cider, and shall discountenance the manufacture and sale thereof in all proper ways." The first members were P. Hitchcock, Eunice M. Ford, J. B. Waterton, Elizabeth Cook, Olive Cramton, Bernice A Dayton, Anette Ford, Ed. H. Gaylord, Phidelia Gray, Henry K. Goodwin, Samuel Hotchkiss, Henry W. Johnson, Elias Merriman, M. F. Roberts, W. J. Smith, Wm. R. Tolies, Malvina Wheeler, Lucy A. Strickland, and perhaps others.

Peter Hitchcock was first worthy chief templar; Eunice M. Ford, worthy vice templar ; J. B. Waterton, worthy treasurer, and Rev. E. Bushnell, chaplain. Regular meetings of the lodge were held once a week. This temple had a prosperous career. It continued in operation over six years, and would probably, for a longer period, but for the breaking out of the war, and the enlistment in the army of a number of its members, who carried away with them its charter. During its continuance, it comprised in its membership, 177 persons. June 1, 1855, Peter Hitchcock was appointed District Deputy Grand W. C. T., for Geauga district. In this position, and the corresponding one held by him previously, in the Sons of Temperance organization, he organized a large number of lodges in different towns of the county.

In pursuance of an invitation given by Boanergian Lodge, delegates from various lodges in Geauga, Co., met in their hall on the 27th of February, 1858. Motion was made and carried by them that we proceed to the forming of an associated lodge. The names of the delegates from the different lodges represented were as follows: Veto - John Good, Nelson Parker, Lucius Harris,

The Associate Lodge continued in operation about three years. All degree members of the various Templar lodges in the county were members of the Associate Lodge when they had signed its constitution. It had 205 members. The by-laws provided for meetings at such times and places as should be determined upon by the lodge, and, at least, four meetings should be held each year. Meetings were held at Burton, Troy, Newbury Centre, South Newbury, Huntsburg and Middlefield.

Honor Circle Lodge, I. O. G. T., No. 523 was organized Feb. 26, 1868. The following are the charter members, with the position occupied by some of them during the first term of the lodge : S. C. Hotchkiss, W. C. T.; Lena

Boanergian Temple and Honor Circle, in addition to business exercises, were accustomed, from time to time, to have original papers, discussions, essays, declamations, &c., which tended to the social and intellectual benefit of the mem bers.

Burton Division, No. 195, of the Sons and Daughters of Temperance, was organized on the evening of February 29, 1875, by A. M. Collins. The charter members, with the positions occupied by a portion of them, for the first term, were: J. B. Coffin, YV. P.; Hattie Newell, V. YV. P.; E. A. Hope, R. S.; Kate Griffin, A. R. S.; Frank Rice, F. S.; C. M. Gates, treasurer; J. B. Bartholomew, chaplain; F. YV. Hinkston, conductor; Lucy M. Dayton, A. C.; Alice Bourn, I. S.; F. J. Hincston, O. S.; YY7. C. Blair, P. YY7. P.; Edward Truman, deputy; Leon Dayton, O. YV. Morton,' Q. YV. Dayton, Mrs. Katherine Griffin, Mrs. J. Gorton, and J. H. Scott. It had about 28 members. Authorities differ as to how long this lodge continued in operation ; but it is certain, owing to adverse reasons, it was unable to acquire that strength of numbers, and power of continuance, which the secret lodges that preceded it had possessed. This closes the list of secret temperance societies, unless it be the Vigilance committee of the Murphy society.

The writer recollects a pledge (name of society not known by him), which was circulated to some extent, among the youth and children, a number of years, perhaps 20 years since; and there may have been other pledges circulated, but think the above list embraces all the principal societies, down to the time of the Murphy movement. From the copies of the earlier and later pledges given in this sketch, persons may notice the course of temperance sentiment shown therein, from the commencement of the temperance reform.

In the early spring of 1877, the Murphy excitement began. The first meeting was held in the Methodist church, and it was crowded full. The pledge was in these words: "YY7ith malice toward none, and charity for all, I, the undersigned, do pledge my word and honor, God helping me, to abstain from all intoxicating liquors, as a beverage, and that I will, by all honorable means, en courage others to abstain." It was read by the speakers, and J. M. Dunlap, a reformed man, from Pittsburgh, called for signers. A movement, in the back part of the audience was noticed, and as the man came down the aisle, into the light of the front, it was known that George YV. Jaques was the first to declare

At this writing, nearly three years later, it would be difficult to say how many reformed men have stood firm. Mr. Jaques, the first signer,* has fought the destroyer, and met it in all its subtle ways of danger, holding the mastery. He is still president of, and has been a resolute worker for the society, which organized in the Congregational church, April 15th, as follows:

In 1879, the saloon in town was closed, and beer kegs and a billiard table were burned in the street; Milo White, the owner, assisting at the fire. A sad comment, whiskey is still sold and drank in town.

A house of logs, with stone jams at the chimney, two rooms and an airy place "up the ladder," a trundle bed and ten children, with heads of tow, all dressed "home-made" flax, and shying back behind the neighbor women who crowd in, while the men gather round the door, to see that "oldest gal" married, comes before one, in thinking of the first days. Possibly she has a calico, or it may be, some forehanded relation east has sent on a silk, for that wedding dress. Cake, it was flour, sweetened with maple "lasses," and ornamented with wintergreen berries. Venison and wild turkey broiled on the coals, with pork, by the quick-handed mother, was savor)', nor was it too late for bear's meat. These, and little more, was at the hands of those who would prepare the "corn and the wine" for a wedding, in this land of "milk and honey," seventy odd years ago. Possibly a minister might "tie the knot," but more likely the squire, said they were married. Then there was rejoicing in a jolly good way, in the cabins for miles around, and the old ladies hoped it true, "she might have gone farther and fared worse."

Early Marriages

July 30th, Stephen Bond and Polly Thompson, of Burton, by Isaac Thompson, J. P. December 18th, Justin Bradley and Laura Ely, of Burton, by Eleazer Hickox, J. P.

August 14th, Vene Stone and Alice Williams, of Burton, by Eleazer Hickox, J. P. September nth, Frederick Kirtland and Sophia Parkman, of Burton, by Eleazer Hickox, J. P. September 25th, Uri Hickox and Lydia Ford, of Burton, by Eleazer Hickox, J. P. September nth, David Curtis, of Trumbull county, and Nancy Heathman, of Burton, by Joseph Clark, J. P.

October 20th, Eleazer Hickox and Stella Umberfield, of Burton, by Joseph Clark, J. P. October 20th, Lemuel Punderson and Sybil Hickox, of Burton, by Joseph Clark, J. P.

1820. - January 4th, Justin Miner and Hannah Morse, of Burton, by Lyman Benton, J. P. February 26th, John Fields and Sally Ensworth, of Burton, by Rev. Thomas Barr.

September 2*d, Luther Russell and Polly Morse, of Burton, by Lyman Benton, J. P. September 15th, Kbenezer Hays and Paulina Ford, of Burton, by Lyman Benton, J. P.

February 20th, Erastus Goodwin and Dothia B. Gilbert, of Burton, by Rev. Giles H. Cowles. July 28th, Amos Andrews .and Hope H. Tanner, of Burton, by Lyman Renton, J. P.

June 12th, Ariel Wolden, of Mantua, and Almira Carlton, of Burton, by John Ford, J. P. August 19th, Stephen Ford and Eunice Brooks, of Burton, by John Ford, J. P.

September 14th, Eliphalet Gay and Colista Burnett, of Burton, by John Ford, J. P. November 25th, Jacob Pease and Sally Seymour, of Burton, by John Ford, J.P.

December 4th, Ira Hayes and Julia Durand, of Burton, by Rev. Luther Humphrey. December 5th, Luther Hemenway and Mary Borroughs, of Burton, by Rev. Luther Humphrey.

March 7th, Oroon Datas Johnson and Edna Fidelia Bartholomew, by James Brown, J. P. April 14th, Samuel Newell and Jane Kincaid, by John Ford. J. P.

May 28th, Daniel Dayton, of Burton, and ChloeS. Humphrey, of Burlington, byj. Ford, J.P. June 30th, Burt Jewett and Olive Hayes, by Rev. Charles Waddell.

September 4th, Dennis Cramton and Chloe Burke, of Burton, by John Ford, J. P. November 27, Fabian Beard and Alice Tomlinson, by Rev. Luther Humphrey.

September 6th, Orrin Dayton and Sally Truman, of Burton, by Jonathan Brooks, J. P. September 25th, David Taylor and Lucy Russel, by Rev. Luther Humphrey.

Population

July 4, 1800, the inhabitants of Burton, in number assembled, as mentioned by Judge Kirtland, amounted to 42. At the election in 1802, n families were claimed as settled for Burton proper. Marimon Cook has left a note saying: "Number of inhabitants in the township of Burton, January 20, 1809 - 237.

Of this population it may be said, as a community, they have shared their proportion of accidents and events of life, and the sickness and ills common to the country. Since 1818, G. Cramton gives it, that there have been 19 deaths by accident; 26 soldiers from the Union army from Burton were lost, and have died since 1861. Two murders have been committed, two suicides, and one death occurred from hydrophobia. .

From Disease

William Howard, county auditor, most courteously sent in the figures, taken from the official lists, from which the foregoing statements have been made up, and the estimated values extended, furnishing material for an interesting comparison. The first owners, arriving here in 1798, found a solid wilderness, covering 15,274 acres of land in the township, and valued, in the purchase cost, at a little fraction over 62 cents per acre, and amounting to some $9,469.88. Eighty years of industry, in clearing, cultivation and improvements, accomplished, in the primitive part of the period, through much suffering and toil, under |j the blessings of Providence and a free government, has so changed these lands that their combined value and product, in almost a million dollars; more than one hundred times greater than the investment of the founders. The estimated value of the annual yield, from the various agricultural sources of this area of land, exclusive of the value of or nearly 12 per cent, of the grand total before given. This showing, not accurate or complete, conveys some idea of the return for labor and husbandry, in so good an agricultural township as Burton.

The first location mentioned, was just east of the square, south of the road, on the hill, and next east of where Esquire Hickox planted the grove of mulberry trees. It is claimed that Hugh Sharon was the first person buried in

By the river - at the foot of the hill, and the bodies from this first spot, were transferred there. Luther Russel, the elder, helped in the removal, and related that one coffin lid was loose, and they lifted the cover. The face was natural as life, though the body had been buried many years. In five minutes, the vital air so needful in life, changed this dust of mortality, and it shrank and fell away to a nameless ash of earth. On this sand knoll, by the river, sleep many of the original settlers of Burton.

The Williams and Bradley - burial ground, west of the road north from the square, in lot 1 5, lies cheerly nigh to the wood tree shade on the bank of the brook.

Northwest, - and just across from the "Old Wooster" place on lot 2, and almost within sight of the first camping spot in 1798, is another yard, occupied by those who had lived in that quarter of the town.

South - on the Troy road, on lot 96, just east of the first home of Richard Slitor, is his family ground, and there some of the people of that locality are buried.

East of the Village - in a grove of maple trees, Dr. Goodwin allowed a new cemetery to be opened, at a later day. The maple trees have fallen ; only one remains. The white marble stone, the shaft and column, granite, red and grey, have risen, as the trees departed from this city of the dead, and stand thick, within a few short years, marking all there is of this life, and its end in death. Here come, most often now, the mourners with their dead.

In chronicling early events, the historian could not forget the part taken by women in all that relates to the welfare and best interests of the early settlement, and their subsequent development. Much has been written of men and their deeds, and woman is also recognized and should receive due notice of her share in the work. At a late hour, and while he was in the midst of pressing public duties, the pen of a ready writer has most kindly given aid, and furnished this short chapter.

When men determined to move to Ohio, they took with them wives; mostly these were young girls, just assuming the marriage relation. They left homes of culture and refinement, breaking familiy ties, and abandoning churches, schools, and all the comforts and conveniences of an older civilization, for this, then new and untried far west. With an abiding trust in God, and the future, and relying on the honest, loyal hearts and strong arms of their chosen partners, and bidding adieu to all the scenes of childhood and youth, they resolutely set their faces westward. From then, until their arrival at the point of destination, and all along during the years of settling, and clearing up the country, they were willing and efficient helpmates of their husbands, in all that tended to the developement and improvement of the new settlement. In all that relates to the best interests of a community they were foremost. Earnest in countenancing and providing for early education. The first to call for religious privileges, and first to enter church organizations. Truly, they were " mothers in Israel," literally, as well as figurately. To them were many children born, and by their own hands were they cared for, trained and disciplined. There are yet many living who remember with reverence these early comers, and it is to be hoped that for many years characters will be moulded, and influences exerted for good, as the result of their early training. These women, many of them, came from homes of ease and refinement, if not luxury, to take their places, and do such work as many would regard drudgery. To them it was not such. It was no hardship to care for their families; to feed and clothe them. Nor was it more so, to take care of laborers upon their farms. They spun and wove, wool and flax, making clothing for themselves and families. They cheerfully endured toil and hardship for loved ones.

These were almost entirely New England women, coming from New Haven, Hartford, Cheshire, Ct., Worcester and Springfield, Mass., and from Albany and Troy, N. Y.. Leaving their early homes and plunging deeper and deeper in wilderness wilds, for long weeks they plodded their weary way, sometimes drawn by oxen, sometimes by horses, sometimes by both combined, sometimes on horseback and sometimes with itresome foot marches, until, at the end of from four to six weeks, they reached Burton hill. The first to come was Lydia Umberfield and Mrs. Amariah Beard. This was in 1798, when it was an entire wilderness. What disappointment and discouragement must have saddened their hearts during the waking hours of that first night, upon the site of their future homes. As thought went back to the homes they left behind them, looked on the present, and anxiously questioned the future, what wonder if some unbidden tears should have moistened their hard pillows. But returning light drove all this away, and with fresh courage was taken up their new lifework. With the former of these women came Stella, who a few years subsequently married Eleazer Hickox, and soon came Sybil Punderson, his sister, a woman of strong parts, great energy and force of character. Stella, as Mrs. Hickox, is well remembered for some of her peculiarities. She was very particular about every thing with which she had to do being kept cleanly. The old place being a short distance from the academy, was our place of resort for drinking water, but she would never allow us to empty the bucket, for fear our hands would soil it. When a bit of a boy the writer recollects that he thought it very funny that milk, for her own use, must be milked directly into a bottle with a small neck, for fear of dirt.

There was Parnal Bradley, we boys used to call her "Aunt Thad," how memory brings fresh to mind, the habitual kindness of that good old woman. Her daughter, Betsey Williams, wife of Calvin, and "Aunt Patty," wife of Selah Bradley, who lived many years at the forks of the road towards Clandon. Subsequently she married a Sweat, "Twistem," as he was familiarly called. Mrs. John Cook, "Aunt Maroe" and "Aunt Lorenda," Mrs. Hiram Cook, are also recollected. The former is the woman who came to Burton in 1806, in company with Nabby Hitchcock. She was also the mother of Harriet, the wife of Ex-Governor Seabury Ford, who, although not one of the early emigrants, was an early comer , and at an advanced age still lives, one of the most respected and best loved women of the township. Those mentioned, except the first, were off north of the public square, and in addition, was "Aunt Easter" elsewhere noticed, and "Aunt Rache]," wife of Jonathan Brooks. Her youngest son, Jonathan, was so singularly small at birth, that it is said he could be seated in a tea saucer, and his head be covered by a tea cup. Across the way from "Aunt Easter" was Patty Hotchkiss, wife of good old Deacon Hotchkiss. Then northeast was "Aunt Polly" Russell, one of the sincere and early workers in the Methodist church. Of an ardent temperament, she entered with zeal upon religious exercises, and her devotions were not disturbed by the noise and confusion occasioned by a number, all together engaging with loudest tones in services of prayer or exhortation. Directly east was "Aunt Martha," wife of Eli Fowler. She, like some others mentioned, was not married before coming from the east, but was sought for by Mr. Fowler, and brought from Mesopotamia, a Sperry, before marriage. She was a most excellent woman, and is most kindly remembered by all the circle of her particular acquaintance. On another road, a little south, was Mrs. Benjamin Johnson. Out west was Mrs. Nathan Parks, and north of this, Mrs. Josephus Hayes. She was a Miller, from Shalersville, and the mother of Doctor Hayes, of Chicago, Illinois.

"Aunt Suky," wife of Ephraim Cook, must not be forgotten. She lived down in the hollow, near Edson's pond. A little peculiar she was. Us children liked to visit her. She was so kind. Sugar was, in her estimation, none too sweet for us, but as we got older we learned that Ephraim had to step, when she gave the word. Near by, just above the mill, was Polly Edson. Then right across the way from where Governor Ford erected his residence was "Aunt Dotia," Mrs. Goodwin, wife of the old doctor - a woman, perhaps, a little peculiar (at least we boys thought so), but a most excellent woman, who looked well to the ways of her household, and reaped a reward in the character of her children. Below the public square was Mrs. Nettleton, wife of Merrit, another sister of Hickox; and nearby, Mrs. David Hill, a sister of Jonathan Brooks. Mrs. Patchin, wife of Captain Eleazer Patchin, first came to Burton, but subsequently settled in Newbury. She used to ride five miles to church on horseback, with her youngest son, John, behind her. He is now a Congregational minister of some mark, who preached in Chardon a number of years. On the road across towards Gilmore's mills was Mrs. Hayes, wife of Eli, and in the ravine, below the Parson Humphrey place, Mrs. Fleming, mother of Chloe, now Mrs. Root, of Montville. To take her place after death, came "Aunt Jane," who, before marriage, was a Hutchins.

These women are mentioned as among those prominently remembered by the writer. They are women of different type than those of the present day. Not so different, perhaps, from what the women of the present day, would be found, if the times demanded and experience developed the same traits as then. They were brave, noble-hearted women, fearless of toil, cheerfully bearing hardships, meeting and overcoming disappointment, comforting their companions, guiding, training and caring for their families. They were affectionate, true, womonly women - largely Christian women. This was the refining, purifying influence which, more than any other, inpressed the general New England character, upon the early settlements of this and adjoining townships. Descendants of these women are now living to the third and fourth generation, and yet, the distinguishing marks of this character, are to-day more clearly seen in Geauga county, than in any other locality in the State.

When the women first came to Ohio, was by a long and weary way, through mud and over log-ways, across deep and rapid streams, guided by blazed trees, and through almost trackless wilds. When they reached Burton, and settled upon their chosen lands, they were separated miles apart, but they were near acquaintances and intimates friends. Not only was this true within, but outside of the township. There was much of trial and privation, but it was not all such. They had also their times of recreation anc^ pleasure. For these, the logging bees, husking frolics, quiltings, cabin warmings, and occasional dances, furnished ample opportunities. Where ever {he women went, the ox-sled was the family carriage. With chained stakes, a board, or wide bark, upon the bottom, with plenty of straw, and the thing was ready for an indiscriminate loading. For church, upon a visit, or to the bedside of the sick, the inevitable sled was in requisition. In the evenings it was no uncommon thing that the oxen were yoked, the sled brought out, and a party made up for Captain Spencers', or Judge Cowles', of Claridon, Captain Patchin's, in Newbury, or some other point equally distant. This ox-sled riding was not wanting in variety and pleasure, on a bright* moonlight night, as a large company crowded upon a common seat, the sled bottom, and enjoyed themselves in song and cheery conversation, with occasional laughter ringing loudly upon the frosty air, and keeping time to the creaking sled and crunching snow. The oxen were guided by the Whoa-haw, gee-up, there," and the long ox goad of a skillful driver, winding out and in among the trees. The sled sliding around, and over the roots of trees and stumps, and occasionally one runner dipping in a deep rut, with such force as to sling some careless rider from his, or her, seat, into the snow by the wayside, added much to the party's merriment. The writer well recollects when the ox sled was a very common mode of conveyance to church on the Sabbath.

Of the first generation succeeding the earlier women, in addition to "Aunt Harriet," before mentioned, of those who connect the present with the past, is recollected Mrs. Eliza A., wife of John Anson Ford, and "Aunt Eunice," wife of Stephen Ford, affectionately remembered by her family'' and friends; Mrs. Lola R. Boughton, younger sister of "Aunt Harriet;" Abigail Sarah, widow of Robert Hotchkiss, a woman erf strong sense and marked character, and an earnest worker in church and Sabbath school; "Aunt Julia," wife of Joseph Hyde. She was one of the most efficient workers in the Methodist church, was a Russell, and died but a little way from her father's place of residence when living. Miss Maria Converse came at an early day, and taught, for quite a number of years, one of the departments in the academy. Among her scholars were many of the young girls of Burton and the surrounding country, and by her, their characters for coming life were largely moulded. She subsequently married, and removed towards the south part of the State. One other must be noticed. Like "Aunt Harriet," an early comer. Her life is a romance. A romance of fact, in which is proven the saying, that truth is stranger than fiction.

Arvilla Cook - was the eldest daughter of Hiram and Lorenda Cook. A lovely girl, well educated and carefully trained, with a character moulded and shaped under the immediate care and watch of her mother, she imbibed much that characterized that strong, clear-headed, practical Christian woman. When quite young, Arvilla became acquainted with Joel T. Case, who was studying at the academy, in preparation for college. That acquaintance ripened into intimacy. He was assiduous in his attention, and the result was an engagement of marriage, with all the appearances of the warmest and most endearing affection upon both sides. Case was from one of the best families of Ashtabula county. At the time he was seeking an education with a view to entering the ministry. After leaving the academy he passed through a course of study at Yale college, graduating at that institution. He thep went to Cincinnati to study theology. Up to this time he kept up regular correspondence with his affianced, occasionally visiting her. While at this place, at first, his letters grew less frequent, and finally he ceased writing altogether. It subsequently came to be known that he had become enamored with and married a niece of Bishop Mcllvaine, of Cincinnati. With her he went to Texas, whence, after their living together for a time, she left in company with another man, with him went abroad, and was never more heard of. Case felt this very much, and the noted Santa Fe expedition leaving Texas about this time, he was just 'reckless enough to enlist and start with it upon that dangerous trip, resulting so disastrously.

This was in the early summer of 184'!, and for many months he was subjected to the dangers and privations of the long and tedious journey, and the cruelties of captivity under Santa Anna and his minions. One, or more, times he, with some of his companions, was drawn up in line to be shot, when, by some unexpected interference, their execution was suspended, and they were forced to suffer still longer the horrors of captivity. After final liberation, he came back to Texas, and from thence to Mobile, Alabama. Subsequently he returned to Texas, settling at Victoria and engaging in preaching.

without hope, and, for a time, would not be comforted. But after the first disappointment, her good sense taught her a better way. Remaining single for many years, she yielded to an offer of marriage, and wedded Raymond Gaylord. They lived together a number of years, and by him she had two sons. When they had grown to be quite lads, Mr. Gaylord had consumption, and died.

Now comes the strange part of the history. Carefully preparing the way, Case comes back and renews his offers of marriage. They are accepted, and the union takes place. They seemed fitted to one another, and the fires of the new love, or old love renewed, burned as brightly as ever. After a little, they returned to Texas, taking the sons with them, and continued happily living together for many years. All are now dead except a daughter, born after this last marriage, who is married and lives at Ft. Wayne, Indiana.

Personal Sketches Peter Hitchcock

The subject of this memoir was born in Cheshire, New Haven county, Connecticut, October 19, 1781. At the age of seventeen he entered the sophomore class at Yale college, and graduated in 1801. On account of the limited pecuniary circumstances of his father, he was compelled to rely measurably upon his own efforts for acquiring the means of securing an education. This he did by teaching during vacations, and some portions of the college terms. In his college course his success was not especially marked, he being regarded as a careful and accurate, rather than a brilliant student, and a young man of excellent habits and judgment.

In the spring of 1802, he engaged in the study of the law, and was admitted to the bar in March, 1804. He immediately engaged in the practice of the law, opening an office in his native town, where he continued nearly two years, with such assurance of success as follow thorough preparation, dilligence and attention to business. December 12, 1805, he was married to Miss Nabby Cook, of his native town, who survived him many years. Although surrounded with flattering business prospects, he felt that a new country would furnish a wider field, with fewer competitors, and open the way to greater usefulness and larger success. Accordingly, in the spring of 1806, packing his little all with that of another family of "Cooks" in a wagon drawn by two oxen, and a pair of horses upon the lead, he removed to Geauga county and settled upon an unimproved larm in Burton, where he resided until his death. His journey occupied a month, and its end found the young pioneer and his family in what was truly a "new country." Ohio was then almost an entire wilderness. In some portions only had settlements been commenced, and here and there might be found an occasional log cabin. The counties of Trumbull and Geauga, the latter organized just before his arrival, covered the entire Western Reserve, which is now divided into ten counties, and forms parts of three others. Here, at first, from sparseness of population, law business was small, and his time was divided in attention to it, to teaching school, and to work in clearing up and cultivating his farm. His school teaching, for portions of the year, continued for a number of years. As population increased, so did his business, until it occupied his entire time. It was not confined to his own county, but extended all over northern Ohio. His practice was successful, its constant increase showing the satisfaction and confidence of his clients. The records and files of the cases in which he was employed, indicate that in his early practice he was a well read lawyer, fa* miliar with leading principles, and of an accurate, practical, discriminating and logical mind. His contemporaries speak of him as one coming to the trial of his cases well prepared, skilful in eliciting proof, of familiar and persuasive eloquence, taking a natural view of the most intricate case, able to simplify it and make it clear and easily understood, and of the ability and resource to satisfactorily meet any unexpected matter of fact, or law, suddenly thrown upon him, in the trial of a case. A safe opinion of his intellectual capacity and power may be formed from the fact that he held a leading practice at the bar, when it embraced men of signal ability, with whom he was brought daily in contact Among them may be mentioned Elisha Whittlesey, Judges Tod, Pease, and Goodman, Benjamin Tappan, Phillip Doddridge, Charles Hammond and Justice Baldwin, of the United States supreme court.

It was in a new country, with the cares of a pioneer, a young family to provide for and educate, and bearing, in the meantime, his share of the current burdens of society, that he was obliged to struggle up the hill of fame. Under these trying circumstances, he struggled successfully. Always undiscouraged and equal to the task, he attained to, and maintained, a proud eminence. An active, efficient member of society and church, he was there, no less than when representing the people in the legislature, in congress, or in convention, or while discharging the duties of chief justice of the State, the same self-possessed, imposing, but modest man of influence. The same unobtrusive individuality of character and sterling rectitude of conduct, in all stations of life mark him as a man of more than ordinary mould, and failed not to secure the respect and confidence of his fellow men, in whatever capacity they became acquainted with him.

He possessed a strong physical frame, and during a large portion of his life, especially the latter part of it, he was favored with good health, and was capable of uncommonly severe mental endurance. Endowed by nature with calm selfpossession, firmness of purpose, and self-reliant judgment, he improved upon these faculties by constant habits of sobriety, personal restraint and untiring industry.

In early life he acted with the political party that brought Jefferson, Madison and Monroe to the presidency. His course in politics and his eminence at the bar soon directed public attention to him, and in 1810 he was elected to the general assembly of the State. In 1812 he was elected to the senate, and in 1814 was re-elected. He served both terms, of two years each, was speaker of that body for one session. Whether in the house or senate he occupied a prominent position, and exerted his full share of influence. In the fall of 1816, at a warmly contested election, he was chosen to the congress of the U nited States, and took his seat as representative in that body in December, 1817. Before the close of his term of two years, he was, in 1819, by the legislature of Ohio, elected a judge of the supreme court of that State for seven years. He was re-elected to that position in February, 1826, March, 1835, and in January, 1845, retiring from the bench on the 9th day of February, 1852, at the advanced age of seventy, having been chief justice of the State many years. He also served in the State senate during the term between 1833 and 1835, an<* was aj this time, for one session, its speaker. He entered public life in 1810, and with a brief respite of two years, continued to occupy the most important public positions for more than forty years. This is an eloquent commentary upon his character, expressive of the most decided conviction of his worth, and tells more than words can express, how his long and faithful services were appreciated, by those who best knew their value. This confidence was equally creditable to those who gave, as to him who received it.

His judicial station, so ably filled for twenty-eight years, was not calculated to secure popularity in a community where party lines are closely drawn. The judge who, like him, does his duty fearlessly, and thus wins golden opinions from the learned and good, must, in the very act of performance, so thwart the course of the*dissolute and criminal portions of the community, as to secure their enmity, and he necessarily incurs the hazard of their holding the balance of power, and using it under pretense of avenging a real injury.

Originally a Republican of the Jeffersonian school, he acted with that party until the reconstruction of old parties, after the election of John Quincy Adams to the presidency. Upon that reconstruction, although he had been a warm supporter of the war of 1812, and other Republican measures, he united his fortunes with the Whig party. He believed there was more of the spirit of genuine republicanism in that than the opposing party, and that its measures, if adopted and persevered in, would conduce to the best interests of the whole country. His course subsequent to 1824, in opposition to many of his early associates in political action, who then attached themselves to the Democratic party, placed him in a position to meet the decided opposition of that party whenever there was opportunity to make him feel their power. Hence arose the two interruptions in the continuity of his judicial service. But these things did not affect him. On his return to the bench he bore himself with such dignity and fairness, and exhibited such ability, as won from those opposed to him politically, opinions as favorable, and esteem as warm and abiding, as entertained by his political friends and associates. This testimony is drawn from the statements of one having unusual opportunity for knowing the fact. It is decided language, but is nevertheless true, and could only be said of a liberal, generous, noble mind. It is saying much for one who was for years regarded as a leading spirit of the Whig party in Northern Ohio, and who had long been a target for the shaft of political opponeuts of all grades.

A practical test of public opinion in regard to him, was furnished in the election of delegates to the convention, for the revision of the constitution of Ohio, in the spring of 1850. The district in which he resided was entitled to three delegates, and the Whigs and Democrats united upon a ticket against a third party, numerically stronger than either of them alone. In the adjustment between them, the Whigs were to have two and the Democrats one delegate, the latter party to name the W higs to go upon the ticket. With great unanimity the Democrats named Judge Hitchcock, the leader of their opponents, and the man of most influence among them. Holding the office of chief justice at the time, he yielded with reluctance, and the whole ticket was elected.

He took his seat in the convention at the time it assembled, and was active in the discharge of his duties as a member thereof, fully satisfying his constituents of the wisdom of this choice. He performed his full share of labor upon committees, took an active part in debate, and was conspicuous among the most useful members of that most distinguished body of men. He entered the convention a man of large experience, of clear, methodical mind, and probably better understood the defects in the old system than any other man in Ohio. In his recorded votes and reported debates, he has left ample means by which posterity can form a correct judgment of his every act in that body.

, He favored the election, by the people, of the judiciary, and of all State and county officers; also, those provisions of the constitution recognizing the public debt, providing for its payment, and limiting the power of the legislature to incur additional liabilities, the different clauses requiring equal taxation of all property, and individual responsibility of stockholders of coq)orations, although not carrying the latter principle as far as some.

In the course of Judge Hitchcock as a legislator, one thing is especially to be noticed: In entering the legislature in 1810, he took a position then considered heterodox - that it was the duty of the law-making power to carefully scrutinize, and strictly define all powers intended to be conferred in acts of incorporation. He also labored to secure in ail such grants, the right of modification and repeal, of all charters granted, when demanded by due regard for the public welfare. Failing in this in 1810, it was more than gratifying to him that forty years later the people, in their organic law, adopted both of these principles for which he had struggled, at an early day. Naturally, there were provisions in the constitution he did not approve, yet he voted for and urged its adoption. His labors in the convention did not prevent the performance of his usual duties on the .bench, but the two offices occupied his entire time, and made the year one of severe and continuous labor.

Important and useful as were the services of Judge Hitchcock in other departments of public life, it was upon the bench of the supreme court of Ohio that his severest and most untiring labors were put forth.

The State was comparatively new and unsettled when he first came upon the bench. The population was sparse and widely scattered: No railroads traversed its limits, and facilities for passing from point to point were few and inconvenient For fourteen years he travelled on horseback, over new, rough and unworked roads, annually visiting and holding court in the several counties of the State. When he left the bench, the population had swollen to about two millions. All the older States, as well as foreign nations, had contributed to make up this aggregate. It was amid the unsettled state of society and law, and the constant changing of circumstances, growing out of the rapid increase of population in a new country, by a people coming from so many different localities and nationalities, that he was called upon to discharge his duties as judge. He labored faithfully to introduce system, to sustain and enforce these principles of law, sanctioned by the wisdom and experience of ages. To adapt judicial proceedings to the character and wants of the people, and to give permanency and consistency to the jurisprudence of the State. In every' emergency he brought to his aid such intellectual strength and research as to secure a success highly satisfactory, and honorable to him.

Ohio gave unequivocal evidence of her opinion of his sterling worth, and fitness for judicial station, by continuing him so long in service in that capacity. The twenty volumes of "Ohio Reports" show' him to be, as he was, a man well versed in the elementary principles of law, anxious to do right, and to give plain reasons for his own belief, that w'hat he did was right, without making any pretense to superior ability, or aiming to embellish his opinions by the ornaments of fine style.

On the bench, he was laborious, systematic, punctual and attentive. His official life was one of constant labor, but he was rarely, if ever, in a hurry. He readily ascertained the points in a case which were decisive of its merits, and at once rejected all immaterial and irrelevant matter. He understood the enforcement of justice between man and man to be the purpose of law, and that for this was established the machinery of courts. His desire was that strict justice should be done to parties litigant, and he had little reverence for a rule, the justice of which, he could not discover. It is said of him, that he frequently remarked, that, " show him the equity of a case, and he w'ould find the lawr for it." ing upon his own judgment, and reaching his conclusions only after careful thought, and thorough survey of the whole ground, wrhen a position was once taken, it was very difficult to move him; only would he yield when shown that his premises were wrong. Probably forty-nine out of every fifty cases coming before him were decided upon the circuit, where opinions were given orally. His written opinions show evidence of the haste in which he was compelled to prepare them, but, nevertheless, the written opinions of this eminent man exhibit him in a light that will, in the estimation of sound lawyers everywhere, stamp him as a jurist, of extraordinary ability. It was felt by the bar of Ohio, as said by one of its members in announcing his decease, " that a most distinguished man had fallen. One whose death created a void, whose departure was a loss to them, to the State, and to the cause of justice." He had done more than any other man in the State to elevate the character of the profession, and to establish the jurisprudence of the State on a scientific, sound and practical basis. In private life, and in public station, which he so long ably filled, his life had furnished a practical example, worthy the emulation of the young men who should succeed him, that few great men had equalled, and fewer still exceed.

Judge Hitchcock was esteemed, by those who intimately knew him, not less as a man and a Christian, than as a jurist and a civilian. In his social and domestic relations, he exhibited qualities of heart and action, that ever endeared him to those brought in contact with him.

Descended from Puritan stock, and raised in a New England home, he imbibed, in childhood, the principles of sobriety and uprightness that marked his subsequent career. His youth was marked by general correctness of deportment, and he entered upon public life with an established character of moral and industrial habits, which, with elevated aims, and fair ability, give prestige of success in any honorable vocation.

The moral and religious sentiments inculcated under the paternal roof, became with him, in iiper years, matters of fixed and controlling interest. Long before he professed a personal interest in the Gospel, his lot being cast in a new settlement, he liberally gave his aid and influence to rear and support its institutions. On the 4th of March, 1832, he made a profession of religion, uniting with the Congregational church, in Burton, of which, until his death, he remained an esteemed and efficient member. He was a hearty and liberal friend and patron of the leading benevolent enterprises of the day; was personally identified with the earlier movements for the suppression of the evils resulting from the use of intoxicating liquors, and continued, until his death, a sincere, earnest temperance man.

In deportment he was reserved and unassuming; in taste and feeling opposed to artificial parade and sham ; a lover of republican simplicity of style and manner, but at the same time a pattern of generous hospitality. Living upon a farm, from his arrival in the State, he cultivated and kept up an interest in agricultural pursuits. Whenever his official duties allowed him a vacation, he spent more or less of it, in personal attention to the business of the farm. It was his custom to so arrange with his brethren upon the bench, that his vacation should come in midsummer, that he might engage, with his men, in labors to secure the harvest.

In the relations of husband and father, he was ever the faithful, considerate, and affectionate counsellor, guardian and guide. Controlling his children with mild, but firm, discipline, he won to himself, in an eminent degree, not only their respect and veneration, but their confidence and love. He lived to see his seven surviving children - three sons and four daughters - settled in life, occupying positions of respectability and usefulness, and what was yet more grateful to him, all professed followers of the Saviour.

He was privileged not to outlive his activity and usefulness. In the winter of x853, he was engaged, for a number of weeks, in the preparation and management of a case of great importance in the supreme court at Columbus. The intense application and profound effort required, developed and aggravated a disease to which he was predisposed, which resulted in his' death, on the 4th of March, at his son's house, in Painesville. On the morning of that day, he was, with some difficulty,. aroused by Mrs. Hitchcock, with the remark: "Our children are all with us now." He replied, "Oh, my children; all be Christians." This was his last utterance.

The news of his death, as it spread through the State, produced a deep sensation, and called, forth such expressions of regret and esteem as might be expected on the death of so great and good a man. In the principal cities, and in counties where courts were in session, meetings of the bar were held, addresses made, and appropriate resolutions adopted. As sample of the whole, two or three extracts are given. Judge Birchard, who served with him on the bench, and of opposite politics, said of him: "In recurring to the years of our acquaintance, now more than a quarter of a century, I cannot recall to mind an act of the great man who has fallen, that would tend to mar the beauty of his character, public or private. I know of none. He was a man who not only invariably aimed to do right, but his mind was so formed as to be admirably well calculated to come to the knowledge of the right." of Peter Hitchcock, we deplore the loss of a patriot, distinguished for his advocacy of popular rights, and for his attachment to free institutions ; of a legislator eminently practical, wise and sagacious; of a judge unsurpassed in integrity, in friendship, in strength, in grasp of mind, in clearness of perception, and freedom from extraneous influences, and who, in combination of qualities that go to make up a great judicial character, has probably never been equalled among the jurists of this State; of a faithful public servant, whose agency is perceivable in everything which has imparted value to legislation, or inspired confidence in judicial action; whose usefulness is to be measured not only by the positive good he has done, but by the evil he has prevented; who, beyond any other man, has impressed his mind and character upon the institutions of the State, and who, as much as any other, is entitled to be held in grateful remembrance by the people of Ohio."

" Resolved , By the general assembly of the State of Ohio, that in the death of the Hon. Peter Hitchcock, the State has lost an able jurist and faithful public servant, and society an honorable and useful citizen."

To show that his memory is still held in similar estimation, at an 8th of January banquet, in 1879, in the city of Columbus, Judge Gilmore, himself a Democrat, having referred to Marshall and Taney, of the United States court, used the following language: "In this presence, and on this occasion, it would be inexcusable to omit to name that grand, old, pure, and great judge, Peter Hitchcock, who was for twenty-eight years the ornament and pride of the supreme court of Ohio."

These testimonials show most clearly the estimation in which Judge Hitchcock was, and is, held by the people of his adopted State. His memory still lives. The impression made by him, upon her institutions, and upon society, still remains, and the influence of Tiis example and his active life, will long 'continue its effect for good.

Nabby Hitchcock. - This woman of blessed memory is recollected as the wife of Judge Hitchcock. When they came to Ohio in 1806, she was but a young girl, twenty-one years old. Only a few months married, she joined her fortunes with the chosen partner of her life, and braving the hardships and perils of a long and tedious journey of a month, she came to Burton when the whole region was an almost unbroken forest of heavy timber. Here and there, only, were small openings made by the few settlers who had preceded them. With him she settled upon the farm, where they continued to live, during their joint lives, and where she died a few years since, his death leaving preceded hers, some fifteen years.

When they came, nothing had been done but the chopping of the timber upon five acres of land. During the clearing and subduing of that large farm, she was the presiding genius of the household, directing and with her own hands aiding the work necessary in caring not only for her own family, but also for those laborers necessarily employed upon the farm. The absence of her husband so much of the time, occasioned by his occupancy in public affairs, threw upon her heavy burdens, all of which were cheerfully borne. During these earlier years, her house was the temporary home of numbers of young men first coming to the then far West Among these were Williams, Wilmot, Fowler, Sperry, Mastick, Cook and others, since well-known. Some ot these, and others of the opposite sex, remained in her family until they left for marriage and homes of their own.

"She looked well to the ways of her household, and ate not the bread of idleness. She sought wool and flax and worked diligently with her hands." And she also "stretched out her hands to the poor. Yea, she reached forth her hand to the needy." No case of sickness or suffering but commanded her earnest sympathy and prompt assistance to the extent of her ability. Active, earnest, loving and sincerely Christian, she was familiarly and widely known as "Aunt Nabby." Her cheerful spirit and kind and sympathetic heart, won their way with all, and it is not known there was an enemy within her entire acquaintance. A slight, frail woman, yet of a family long lived, with wonderful vitality of constitution, she lived to the advanced age 'of 83 years. Her energy and nervous force enabled her to accomplish much more than many a stronger person. Her great work was in her own family in rearing, training and shaping the life and character of her children. Of these were born to her in early life ten. Seven of them lived to man and womanhood, and settled in life. Of all of them, it may be said, that their whole life and character were largely influenced by the training and example of this godly woman. Although many years have elapsed since her death, her memory is yet fresh in their hearts, and nothing finds a quicker response with them than the thought, "It would be mother's wish." Truly in the words of the wise man, " Her children rise up and call her blessed." "Give her of the fruit of her hands, and let her own works praise her in the gates." Of the ten children born of these parents, three died in early life, and notes of three others, will be found in pages immediately succeeding.

Abigail S. - the oldest daughter, is referred to in the chapter on " Early women." She has one son, Samuel Cook Hotchkiss, whose wife and three children are living in the same house as their grandmother. She lost two children in youth.

Melissa, - the next daughter, married Col. William R. Tolies and died some twenty-five years since. She left three children, one, a son, living but a few years after her death. Two daughters still survive, one, Mrs. Helen T. Morley in Cleveland, the other, Melissa A., studying in the Lake Erie Female Seminary at Painesville, Ohio.

Eliza Esther - married Andrew Lee, and for many years has been living at Northfield, Minnesota. PYom early years she has been of feeble health, but has given birth to a large family of children, one of whom, Willie Lee, only remains.

Cynthia - the youngest, married Henry S. Tolies. She died in 1864, leaving three children, all of whom survive, Emily Witter, Shirlie Hitchcock and Abbie Osborn Tolies.

All of these four daughters were active, earnest, Christian women, and eftcient members of the church and society. They were lovely in character, and those who have gone before, are affectionately remembered by families and friends.

Judge Reuben Hitchcock

the first son and child of Peter Hitchcock, so long connected with the judiciary of Ohio, and Nabby (Cook) Hitchcock, was born at Burton, September 2, 1806, and is now living at Painesville, Lake county, Ohio. The large influence exerted by the father on the locality in which he lived, and the State - the important part he took in shaping and constructing its constitution and laws, and his life of public service and extended usefulness - the subsequent prominence and success of the son, and others of the family in their several fields of labor, suggest the pertinent inquiry - Whence came *this family? all of whom have had so much to do in moulding the affairs of the State, from its infancy to the present time. Space allows of but brief reference to ancestry, the material for which is somewhat meagre.

The father, Peter, was understood to be of Irish extraction, in his genealogy, tracing back through Valentine, Peter, John and Nathaniel, probably to Matthew, who came to Boston in 1635, in the "Susan and Ellen," at the age of twenty-five. The Hitchcocks were men of rugged strength of character and sterling integrity, active, energetic and exerting their full share of influence, but, so far as known, not generally of large property. Certainly this was true of Valentine, the father of Peter, as appears in the sketch of the latter. The mother was of the large family of Cooks, sofne of whom came to the country in the " Mayflower," but it appears certain that Nabby was great-grandaughter of Samuel, who came from England about the year 1700, her father, Elam, and grandfather, Ephriam, only intervening, the four generations covering about two centuries.

The Cooks were a long lived race. Wiry, active, nervous, full of life and work, they were well calculated to exercise a large influence in settling and clearing up a new country, and laying the foundations of society therein. Intelligent, honest, earnest and naturally religious, they helped much to impress like characteristics upon the infant settlements. Coming from such stock, born, and spending his early years in the midst of almost unbroken forests, which, year after year, were melting away under the blows of the sturdy pioneers, it was to be expected that young Reuben would grow up strong, vigilant and self-reliant Nor would it be strange that the rough and tumble of his early life, and wildness of all its surroundings, should have made a similar impress upon his character. But here came in the influence of that wonderful woman, his mother, who, during a long life, and to the day of her death, was familiarly known throughout all the region as "Aunt Nabby," and whose life and influence had so much to do in softening and making better all those who came within its reach. If from the father came to him strength and ability, to will and to do, as well, from the mother came all the qualities that conspired to make him the kind husband, affectionate father, and active, earnest, useful member of society and the church that he is.

The early settlers of this locality, being of New England origin, felt the importance of making adequate provision for the education of the rising generationin 1803, the foundation was laid for an institution of learning of high grade, and a charter was obtained for this purpose, under the name of the Erie Literary' Society. This institution was afterwards known as Burton Academy, and was in successful operation when the subject of this sketch commenced preparation for college. Here he completed that preparation, under instruction of Rev. David L. Coe, and, in the spring of 1823, before he was seventeen years old, entered Yale college. The journey from Burton to New Haven was made by him on horseback, in company with Dr. Erustus Goodwin, elsewhere mentioned in these sketches. He graduated in September, 1826, returning to his home in Ohio, immediately after. A backwoods boy, it was to be expected that on making his advent among those coming from the longer settled portions of the country, and of wealthy families, he should have been looked upon, to some extent, as rather green. This, although not entirely pleasant, he does not seem to have allowed to trouble him, and his fellows were soon compelled to regard him as an equal. To him it was a pleasure to tell of his early days in his wildwood home; of their being spent in a log cabin, with a single room and puncheon floor; of his mother, cooking for the family by the side of a large stump, out of doors, and of himself being rocked in the shell of a hollow stump for a cradle. On his return, he taught, for three years, having charge of the same academy where he received his preparatory education. While under his charge the school was very successful, and largely attended from all the surrounding country. During this time he remained in his father's family, and in his leisure hours prosecuted the study of law ; having the advantage of his father's library, and his assistance, when at home.

In 1831, at a session of the supreme court of the State, in Geauga county, he was admitted to practice in the several courts of the State. Immediately he removed to Painesville, where he commenced to practice ; first in company with Stephen Matthews, an attorney of many years experience. This relation was not long continued, and after a few years, he entered into a co-partnership with Eli T. Wilder, now of Red Wing, Minnesota. This business arrangement was interrupted by his appointment as president judge of the court of common pleas of the district, in 1841. Having filled this position, and discharged its duties, to the entire satisfaction of all interested, he returned to, and continued his practice with Mr. WTilder until 1846, when he removed to Cleveland. Here he formed a co-partnership with H. V. Wilson and Edward Wade, under the name of Hitchcock, Wilson & Wade. This firm ranked among the first in the State, and had a widely extended practice, especially throughout Northern Ohio. In 1850, he was elected one of the delegates from Cuyahoga county to the convention forming the present constitution of the State. During its sessions his health was much impaired, depriving him of the ability to accomplish all he might have done under other circumstances; but he was, nevertheless, a prominent and influential member of that body. Among things done, to be especially noted, was the great service rendered by him, in devising a scheme for the gradual reduction, and final payment of the State debt.

In 1851 he returned to Painesville, taking up his permanent residence there, where he still is. He retained some business interests in Cleveland, which to some extent remain. In the fall of the year last named, he was elected judge of the common pleas court of the district, of which Geauga county forms a part. This position he filled with acknowledged ability and acceptance, until January, 1855, at which time, yielding to the solicitation of David Tod, afterwards governor of this State, that he should take an active part in the management of the Cleveland and Mahoning railroad, then in process of construction, he resigned his place upon the bench, and became vice-president and general legal advisor of that company. To its business, until the road was completed, was his time and attention devoted, and with substantial advantage to its interests. This road has proved a decided success, but during its construction the company was very much embarrassed, causing his position to be one of great labor and anxiety. When the completion of the road measurably relieved him from active service, he renewed practice in Cleveland, in company with James Mason and E. J. Estep, under the style of Hitchcock, Mason & Estep, dividing his time between that firm and the railroad company. This continued until 1865, when he retired from general practice, but retained his connection with the railroad company, as director and general advisor.

In his professional practice he attained to high standing, soon after his admission to the bar. That practice extended throughout northern Ohio, and continued thus extensive until his retirement from the bar. His familiarity with the affairs of the railroad named, and with railroad management and legislation generally, led to his appointment in 1869, as receiver of the Atlantic and Great Western railway, and again, in 1875, as special master in closing up the affairs of the reorganized company, under the sale made by him as such receiver. In his extensive railroad connections, by the ability and unswerving integrity he has displayed in the management of the great interests committed to his trust, he has secured, and still retains, the confidence of all parties. In addition to railroad interests, he has been, and still is, a stockholder in several companies in Cleveland, incorporated for manufacturing and banking purposes, was one of the original trustees and an early president of the Cleveland Society for Savings. In all these associations he has secured, and held the confidence of his associates and the community. His name being a guarantee of an honest and faithful administration, of all trusts committed to his charge, or over which he was able to exercise control.

He was always deeply interested in education, and has exerted himself for its advancement. He has been, for many years, a trustee of Western Reserve College, was one of the original founders of Lake Erie Female Seminary, has been its most liberal contributor, and president of its board of trustees from its organization. The placing of the institution upon the firm foundation it has secured, and the high reputation it has attained, are largely due to his labor, influence and pecuniary aid. He is still its ardent friend, and while his counsels aid, and kindly encouragements cheer, its instructors in their arduous work, his pleasant home and family; with their cordial greeting and kind attentions, make many a young girl to forget her separation from home and friends, while she is spending months and years in securing a thorough, practical education.

His political associations were originally with the whig party, and at different times his name was mentioned in connection with important public positions, and perhaps no better reason can be given why he was not selected to fill them than that his tastes did not run in that direction and that he never would stoop to, or countenance, such means for this purpose as are two common among aspirants for political favor. At the convention which nominated Joshua R. Giddingsfor his second term in congress, his name was presented for nomination under circumstances which assured success, but he would not allow its use, and personally withdrew it. At a subsequent period, a large circle of friends pressed him for a nomination without success. At the Buffalo convention of 1848, of which he was a member, he united with the Free-soil party, and at the organization of the Republican party he became an active member of that political organisation and still adheres to it, taking a deep interest in all issues that affect the State or nation. Although for some years he has not taken an active part in political management, yet his advice is freely given, and influence largely felt in the locality in which he lives. He was a member of the peace congress which met in Washington in 1861, and sought for some means, by which the threatened war might be averted. When disappointed in this, and hostilities actually commenced, he threw himself with all the energies of his nature upon the side of the Union. Of an age incapacitating. from service in the field, he promoted by all means in his power the enlistment and support of troops. His eldest son, Peter M. Hitchcock, now of Cleveland, enlisted and served three years in active, honorable service as lieutenant in the field under Gen. McPherson. His religious connection has been, and is, with the Presbyterian or Congregational church in Painesville, in which for about fifty years, he has been an active, consistent member. In it, for the greater portion of the time, he has served as committee man, or elder, and by his contributions of labor, influence and money, has aided largely to make it what it is, the leading church in the region in which located. He has been a life long temperance man, enforcing by his life what his lips taught, and an earnest worker in all efforts for the benefit of his fellowmen. Sorrow and suffering ever find in him ready and active sympathy, and the deserving needy are never by him turned empty away. In social, as well as in public life, he has been universally beloved and esteemed. As a lawyer he has been widely known throughout the state as able in his profession, and an example of strict integrity in its practice. By it, and his business operations growing out of it, he has attained a fair competence, and ability to make liberal contributions for objects before named. As a business man he has been largely confided in by his friends. As a citizen his course has been such as to win the esteem and hold the confidence, of the community in which he lives. As a Christian known to be active and earnest, and as a supporter of all that aids in making a community prosperous and happy, always liberal and ready to contribute whatever might be required.

He was married in 1834, to Miss Sarah Marshall, of Colebrook, Connecticut, who is still living. This union proved, in every respect, a happy one, and never was it shown more truly to be so, than now in the declining years of their life. Four of their children are living and happily married. Peter M. residing at Cleveland ; Edward M., at Northfield, Minnesota; Lizzie M. Morley, at East Saginaw, Michigan, and Helen T. Morley at Cleveland. Rarely is husband and father so revered as in this family, and among all its members is unbounded confidence, making it emphatically a united and happy family in all its branches.

The subject of this sketch, president of Western Reserve college, was born in Burton, -Geauga county, October 31, 1813, and died in Hudson, Summit county, Ohio, July 6, 1873. He was the second son, living to years of maturity, of Judge Peter Hitchcock, elsewhere mentioned, and like his elder brother, Reuben, prepared for college at the academy in his native town of Burton, under David L. Coe, Dexter Witter and, for a brief period, his brother. Well prepared, at the age of fifteen years he entered Yale college in 1828, and graduated in 1832. His rank as a scholar was high. After leaving college he returned home and took charge of the academy in Burton, teaching there for two years with complete success. After leaving the academy he remained a year in Burton, teaching private pupils at his father's house, and himself studying the- °logy.