Canton Township (part 15 of 62)

The year following ^Ir. Herbruck's takingcharge of the Canton congregation he married Miss Sarah Holwick, who remained his helpful companion and helpmeet for sixty-two years, spending all but the first year in the same house on East Tuscarawas street, where their whole family of children were born antl raised. Rev. Peter Herbruck 'died in 1893. loved and honored by the people of Canton regardless of church afliliation. He came to his grave like a sheaf, fully ripened, leaving the impress of a strong character and profound spirituality deeply stamped upon the community, and transmitting to posterity a name which will always remain a priceless heritage. There were (|uite a number of children born to Rev. and Mrs. Herbruck, mostly sons, among whom are Rev. Emil P.. pastor of Trinity Reformed church in tins city ; Rev. E. Herbruck, of Dayton, Ohio ; and Ferdinand Herbruck. one of the largest and most successful merchants of this city. It is stated that Rev. Herbruck officiated at a greater number of funerals and solemnized more marriages than any other man in Stark county, the record showing twenty-ii\-e hundred and sixty of the former ami twenty-six hundred and eleven of the latter. During his pastorate here he often had outer stations that he supplied, among them being Paris, Osnaburg. Carrollton. Bethlehem. Georgetown. Cairo. New Berlin and others, all of which churches were greatly strengthened and built up through his instrumentality. The German language was his native tongue and in that language he lo\'ed to preach the unsearchalile riches of Christ. He became quite proficient in the use of the English language and could converse in it fluently, but invariably employed his native German in all of his public speaking.

JAMES H. ROBERTSON was born January 23, 1862, in Sandy township. Stark county, Ohio, and is the son of James and Margaret (Sickafoose) Robertson, both also natives of this county. The subject's maternal grandfather, George Sickafoose, was a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and in the war of 1812 served under the ci^mmand of General Harrison. About 1818 he came to Sandy township. Stark county, and entered one hundred and sixty acres of land, making it his home during the remainder of his life. The paternal grandfather, Denny Robertson, was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, but immigrated to the new world at an early day, settling in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. His father, William Robertson, was the son of John Robertson, who it is supposed was a native of Scotland, but removed to county Tyrone. Ireland. Denny Robertson emigrated to the United States, coming to Ohio in 182 1 and settling in Carroll county, then a part of Stark. He followed the pursuit of agriculture, was quite successful and at the time of his death possessetl an estate of six hundred acres. He married Eleanor McConkey and they became the parents of eight children.

The father of tlie suliject. James Robertson, was born in 1S21 on the parental homestead. He remained there until ten years of age. when, upon the death of his parents, he went to live with an uncle. Throughout lift he followed the occupation of farming, in which he met with a due measure of success, and at his death left an estate consisting of four hundred and thirty acres. During the war of the Rebellion he enlisted with the One Hundred and Sixty-second Regiment Ohio Volunteer In.fantry, and served his entire period of enlistment. His death occurred in June, 1900, his wife dying January 20, 1898. He was formerly a \Miig in politics, but later became identified with the Republican party, with which he remained identified until his death. His religious affiliations were with the Trinity Lutheran church at Magnolia, Ohio. His children were as follows : Laura is the widow of Jacob Buchman : Eleanor married a Mr. McBeth and lives in Nebraska ; Denny S. ; George, deceased ; William A., deceased; James H. is the subject; Andrew. I^Iary O., Carrie and two that died in infancy.

He subsequently attended the normal school at Pierce, Ohio, after which for eight years he was engaged in teaching school. He had long had a leaning toward the legal profession and decided upon making it his life work. In accordance with his intention he commenced reading law in the office of Harter & Krichbaum. of Canton. In 1891 he entered the law school of the Cincinnati College, from which he was graduated with the class of 1892, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Returning at once to Canton, Mr. Rotertson commenced the practice of his profession, meeting with a due measure of success from the start. In 1896 he was elected justice of the peace and performed the duties of the office with marked ability. So pronounced an impression had he made upon the leaders of his part\- and the citizens generally that in 1899 he received the nomination for mayor of Canton and at the ensuing election was chosen to the position. He entered the office in possession of the fullest confidence of the people, a confidence that was so strengthened that in 1901 he was electetl to succeed himselt and is the present incumbent of the office. He has administered the multitudinous dttties of this important station with marked ability and efficiency and has thus emphasized the wisdom of those by whose sufifrage he was chosen. When the body of the late President McKinley was brought back to Canton for interment, the members of the President's cabinet selected Mr. Robertson to take charge of its funeral arrangements at Canton, and all the details were most carefully supervised Ijy him. IMr. Robertson was one of the incorporators of the McKinley Memorial Fund Association and has been very active in his efl'orts to further the objects of the association. Politically Mr. Robertson has all his life been an ardent and zealous Republican, and has been very effective in advancing the interests of his party. Fraternally he lielongs to the Knights of Pvthias, Benevolent and T^rotective

In 1899 Mr. Robertson was united in marriage with Miss Gertrude Shaeffer, daughter of Jacob Shaeft'er. of Canton. As a lawyer the subject evinced a familiarity with legal principles and a ready perception of facts, together with the ability to apply the one to the other, which won him the reputation of a sound and safe practitioner. In the administration of the duties of the important ofiice of mayor, he has evinced a broad and comprehensive grasp of the details of city government and has given to the city one of the best administrations in its history. By his genial manners and genuine worth he has gained a host of wann personal friends and the full confidence of the public p'eneralh'.

HON. JOHN G. WARWICK. - Probably no man who ever lived in Massillon held a warmer place in the hearts and affections of the citizens, or whose memory is today more revered, than the late John G. Warwick, who for many years easily held the position of the most prominent man in the community. Like many of the influential factors in our composite nationality, Mr, Warwick was an American by adoption, he having been born and reared to young manhood on the Emerald Isle. His birth occurred on December 23, 1830, in County Tyrone, Ireland, and over twenty years later, in company with his brothers, Robert and William, he came to America to enter into the great battle of life, and like so many of his fellow countrymen, right valiantly and nobly did he make the fight, winning both fame and fortune. Upon arriving in this country he remained for a time in Philadelphia, but soon pushed his way over the mountains into Ohio, he having decided that the then Great ^\'est offered better opportunities to the man of moderate means than the east, which even at that early date was becoming crowded. Coming to Stark county, Mr. Warwiclv went first to Navarre, where he took a position as clerk and bookkeeper in a store, where he remained a few years. But his ambition was far beyond that of filling a subordinate position in life, and bending his energies, practicing economy and frugality, he was soon able to travel out for himself, and accordingly, in 1853, he came to Massillon and opened a dry-goods store, and in a short time had become recognized as one of the potent factors in business circles in the place. His natural business talent, industry and integrity manifested itself in everything with which he became connected, and he soon became identified with important interests and enterprises, and acquired great influence and popularity, and at the same time accumulated considerable wealth. Aside from his dry-goods enterprise, with which he was connected for over twenty years, Mr. Warwick was principal owner of the Sippo Valley Mills, and during the latter 'sixties he became active in railroad interests, and served as a director in the Massillon & Cleveland, the Wheeling & Lake Erie and the Cleveland & Marietta railroads. Later he became extensively interested in mining, and soon was one of the largest and most successful coal operators in the state. In 1872 he retired from the dry-goods business, and thenceforth devoted all his time to his railroad and mining interests, and the supervision of his several large farms. He was one of the organizers of the Massillon Building and Loan Association, and for a time was its president. He was a director in the Massillon Water Company, and, as a stockholder, was interested in various coal companies and other enterprises. Mr. Warwick's prominence in the business world naturally attracted attention to him, and that he should, with his talents and inherited personal gifts of character, drift into politics and public life was to be expected. He was a member of the Democratic party, but his interest in politics was a purfely unselfish one, and he cared not for public office or its emoluments. He steadily declined all o\'ertures from his party to become a candidate until 1883, when he finally accepted the nomination for lieutenant governor of Ohio, on the ticket with Hon. George Hoadly. He had always been a liberal contributor to the legitimate expense of the Democratic campaigns, and, despite the attacks made upon him by prejudiced people, he was triumphantly elected. He presided as lieutenant governor o\'er the senate of the sixtysixth general assembly, which elected the Hon. Henry Payne to the United States senate. He discharged the duties of lieutenant governor with dignity and ability, and in such a manner as to win the confidence and esteem of even his political opponents.

In 1890 he entered national politics by becoming a candidate for the nomination for congress to represent the sixteenth Ohio district. The contest in the convention for this high honor was vigorously waged, the convention being one of the most memorable in the history of congressional politics. Seventy-four ballots were cast before a choice was made, Mr. \\'arwick receiving the nomination, which was made on July 11, 1890. The Republicans of the district renominated their idol, William McKinley (afterwards the idolized President), and the contest was \\'aged as was never a contest waged before, and was eagerly watched by the people of the whole country. Mr. Warwick was triumphantly elected, and upon taking his seat in congress found his reputation as a public man already established, such having been the wide interest taken by everybody in the contest between McKinley and him. He took the oath of ofiice Decemlier 7. tqot, and his prominence was at once recognized by 'his appointment as chairman of the committee on enrolled bills, one of the four oldest and most important and arduous committees of congress. He was also placed on the committee on public grounds. Such treatment of a new member was an unusual event, and brought him into the closest intimacy witii his colleagues. His life in Washington was a busy one. He was punctilious in his attendance upon the sittings of congress, except when urgent business called him away from the capitol. His circle of acquaintances, already large at the beginning of his congressional career, constantly broadened, and his apartments at his hotel were constantly visited by his personal friends and constituents. He was alive to every phase of politics, was an indefatigable worker, and labored for the good of the country and his party simultaneously. He was popular, and everybody admired and respected him, and it was often heard that his associates regarded him as much for his views that agreed with theirs, as for his steadfastness in asserting tlmse which did not. He was an earnest advocate of whatever measure he espoused, and worked assiduously to win support for it. To him is due the passage of the McGarraghan Bill (vetoed) giving a poor Irishman recourse in court against a band of robbers who for many years unjustly held a cpiick-silvcr mine. He was made the member of the national congressional committee of Ohio.

In 1864 Mr. Warwick married the estimable ladv who was thereafter his constant companion and true helpmate, and who exercised over him an influence for his good, which he fully recognized, appreciated and paid homage to. She was Mrs. ^laria E. La\ake. l>orn in Karthaus. Her father, who was a native of Remscbeid, Prussia, came to America, diligently applied himself to business, for which he had great abilit\ . ;uid b\' his own exertions became one of the wealthiest shi]) merchants in the city of "Baltimore. He was also identified with the settlement of ;uid owned luany business interests in the state of Pennsylvania ; and on the banks of the Sus<|uehanna ri\-er, in that state, there is now a town called by his name, on the site of which he years ago opened a furnace and began a coal business and also built a rtouring-mill.

On Tuesday morning, August 2, 1892. Mr. Warwick left for New York city to attend a meeting of the board of directors of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Company, and while there was seized with an illness which pro\ed fatal. The protracted heat of tlie summer had not yet ceased and it was to this as much as to any other cause that his death was due. His wife, who had gone to Atlantic City to recuperate from the heated term, was summoned to his bedside, where her unremitting care and devotion relieved much of his suffering and soothed and comforted his last hours. The sad end came all too swiftly, and he pa.ssed away August 14. conscious to the last minute, and his final words were addressed to his wife.

The news of his death was a shock to his friends and fellow citizens, notwithstanding it was generally known be bad been troubled for a long time with stomach irregularities which had become chronic. His death called out the most general mourning from the citizens of Massillon. among whom he had lived the best years of his life. The mourning was not confined to Massilion or to Stark county alone, but was shared by the people all over Ohio, and reached to the members of congress, in which he had in so short a time made so bright a name and by his sterling traits of character won so much respect and admiration.

Today, o\er a decade since b.is death, Mr. W'arwick stands out as one of the central figures in the recent history of Ohio. His private and public life reflects nothing but credit and honor on his memory. In a large sense his career is a i)art of the history of Stark county and of the state of Ohio.

ness of purpose and 01 an intense admiration and belief in the country, state and city of his adoption, and of their institutions. He was a communicant of the Episcopal church.

JOHN E. CARNAHAN is a native of the old Keystone state, but he chose Canton as his home and the center of his largest business interests on accoimt of its excellent location and exceptional shipping facilities. A recent issue of the New York World almanac mentions him as one of Canton's three millionaires, while his advent in Canton was hailed with marked gratification by the board of trade and business men in general, for the reputation of his ability and solid business interests had preceded him. His great wealth, honestly acquired, coupled with his wise discrimination in applying it to the extension of Canton's business interests, augured well for the future of the city, but even the most sanguine had no prescience of the extent of his plans for Canton's good nor a])preciated the full importance of his conimg here. Today he is at the head of four leading manufacturing industries of Canton, affording employment to a corps of two thousand workmen, and he has a controlling interest in three of these ctjncerns. The three industries established largely by his capital in East Canton are the Carnahan tin plate and sheet mill, the Carnahan stamping and enameling plant and the United States Steel Company. Before these ])lants were built he was asked to become president of the Stark Rolling ^lill Company, and the combined output of these plants is said to exceed in value more than four million dollars annually. The plants adjoin the ground of the Berger sheet-metal plant, erected some years jireviously by Canton men. The three plants erected in Canton l^y Mr. Carnahan represent an investment of one and one-half million dollars, and it was because of his decision to here

While the subject was still active in operations in connection with the oil and gas industries in western Pennsylvania, he sought to invest his earnings in the steel and iron inilustry. With W. H. Steele, W. H. Blecker and others he built the now famous Mesta machme plant at Homestead, Pennsylvania. Later they sold out their interests and prepared to establish a similar plant for the manufacturing of rolling-mill machinery. Some members of the company wished to establish the plant at Leechburg, Pennsylvania, but Mr. Carnahan, who had the controlling interest, had learned of the excellent location of Canton, and. through the board of trade, he determined to build the plant here. The plant was erected in 1899, in South Canton, and from the inception the industry was successful. While the original company owned the plant, and for some time after its sale, in 1901, to J. B. Baird. of Chicago, it continued in operation twentyfour hoiu's a clav, the consideration recei\ed at the time of sale having been three hundred thousand dollars. About this time IMr. Carnahan, who had waxed e\-en more enthusiastic concerning Canton's eligibility as a manufacturing and shipping point, planned to build a tin-plate mill here. In the home of the late President McKinley, who was the author of the famous McKinley bill, twelve years before, which made possible the successful prosecution of the tin industry in America, this action on the part of ^Ir. Carnahan was hailed with delight, for the lamented President e\-er maintained a deep interest in his home city of Canton. The local board of trade made Mr. Carnahan a proposition whereby he would receive a bonus of two hundred and ninety town lots and a site for the plant, on the Cook tract in East Canton. The board of trade bought the entire tract, containing twice that number of lots.

half of wliich were sold to citizens for one hundred dollars each. Each purchaser merely purchased a chance on some lot in the tract and at a great drawing contest in the Grand opera house the tract of land was divided among the purchasers by lot. By this means thirty thousand dollars was raised and the same applied by the board to the paying for the tract. The remaining two hundred and ninety lots came into the possession of Mr. Caniahan, who organized the Carnahan Land Improvement Association, which commenced to gradually dispose of them to workmen and others. The erection of the tin plant at a cost of half a million dollars, was soon inaugurated and it was placed in operation in 1901, while emplo_\-ment is now given to about six hundred hands, while the industry attracted here numerous Welsh tin workers from the east. Shortly afterward j\Ir. Carnahan planned to erect a stamping plant, in which to manufacture all kinds of tin ware from the product of the mill. In the meanwhile the company absorbed the patents of a large enameled-ware company in Cleveland and a large combination plant was erected, at a cost of a quarter of a million dollars. The building utilized is a great four-story brick structure adjoining the tin mill and here employment is given to two hundred and fifty operati\es. The plants were independent of the United States Steel Corporation, which controlled practically all of the output of raw material, such as would be used in a large tin mill. -Mr. Carnahan's far-seeing judgment enabled him to properly canvass the situation and he forthwith sought to forestall future tlifficulty in securing such raw material. In the winter of 1902 he and others became interested in a project to build an immense blast furnace in Canton, but it was later deemed expedient to join with other independent sheet-mill interests and establish the furnace in Cleveland. Edward G. Langenbach. whom Mr. Carnahan had chosen as general manager of the allied Carnahan plants, kept close council with the latter in all of these projects, as he had previously done when Mr. Carnahan's other plants were erected. In the summer of 1902 the subject of this sketch became the chief one interested in the erection of an open-hearth steel plant, adjoining his other plants in Canton, the same being completed at a cost of six hundred thousand dollars, the erection of the plant being initiated that summer, while the following summer it was in operation. This fine group of plants, commencing with the company's own coal mines and including its interest in the blast furnace at Cleveland, and its ownership of the open-hearth furnaces and the sheet mills in Canton, make the position of the Carnahan groupe of plants practically impregnal)le and independent of the trust.

In addition io iiis immense interests in Canton, Mr. Carnahan still retains his interests in immense tracts of oil and gas land in West \'irginia, Pennsylvania and Ohio, and in future years these properties will doubtless constitute one of the chief sources of his wealth, as they ha\e been from almost the beginning of his business career. The desire to bore for oil Ijecame a ])assion with hiiu in his earlv years. He has a three-fourths interest in the oil and gas lease holds on forty thousand acres of land, scattered over a dozen counties from Marshall to Roane counties. \\'est Virginia. His leaseholds in Ohio have reached four thousand acres, while at times he has controlled thousands of acres in Pennsylvania, having at the present time fine oil producing properties in each of the states mentioned. For years he has had either the entire or part interest in a half dozen of more sets of tools for the boring of oir wells in West Virginia, and the same number in Pennsylvania, and these outfits have been constantly employed in testing territory where other prospectors have failed to tread. He became interested in the Ohio and West \'irginia oil lands in the middle '90s and has

Seeking for a favorable place in which to invest the earnings from their oil operations, ]\Ir. Carnahan and Mr. John S. Robinson, a millionaire landowner and oil operator with whom he became associated in West Virginia, went to Mexico in 1900, planning to invest in mining land. While there they purchased forty thousand acres of land lying between the city of Mexico and the Pacific coast, the cleared portions being well adapted for tropical plantations and the forests rich in fine hard woods, while there were also prospects for oil in the tract. Later they increased their joint holdings there to one hundred thousand acres, in addition to which Mr. Carnahan has individual and e;;clusive title to about forty thousand acres. In 1897 Mr. Carnahan took up a mining claim in the famous Colville group of gold and silver mines in Washington, eighty miles north of the city of Spokane. This claim turned out to be rich in gold and silver ore and the property is now being developed, the claim lying near the famous mines just across the line in British Columbia. Mr. Carnahan is also chief owner of a large steel plant "at Norwalk, Ohio, employing five hundred men ; is the owner of a large boiler works at Mannington, West Virginia ; and large firebrick works at St. Charles, Pennsylvania, with hundreds of acres of fireclay lands. He still owns several fine farms near his old home at Leechburg, Pennsylvania, said farms being underlaid with the best veins of Pittsburg coal.

Mr. Carnahan was born in the family homestead at Leechburg, Pennsylvania, on the loth of August, 1842, and while he has but recently passed the half-century milepost on the journey of life we find him a millionaire. He is in the ver}' prime of strong and vigorous manhood, having the agility of one twenty years his junior and remaining apparently unoppressed with the manifold responsibilities and cares of wealth and the endless demands placed upon him in an executive and administrative way. His strength seems to grow by what it feeds on and his distinctive individuality, his rare power of initiative and his extraordinary grasp of details make him a really collossal figure in the financial and industrial world. He is a scion of one of the best known families of Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, the homestead in which he was born having been in the hands of the Carnahan family for more than eighty years. His father, John Carnahan, was of Scotch-Irish lineage and died a few years ago, at the age of eighty-three years. His mother, whose family name was Funk, was of French descent, and she also is deceased. The subject of this review was the youngest of ten children, five boys and five girls, and of the number five are still living. John E. attended, in his boyhood, a country school at Cochran's Mills and thereafter attended a normal school for one term and passed the teacher's examination in his native county, all of which indicates his early ambition for an education. Like most boys of his time he left school at an early age, and he then went to work for his father, who at that time owned about five hundred acres of land between Leechburg and Kittaning. While he was still in his 'teens and working on the homestead farm additional responsibility was thrown upon him by reason of the fact that his honored father met with an accident to his back which crippled him for life. From a very early age the subject manifested a remarkable business acumen and that indomitable energy which has conserved his magnificent success in later years. Thus he proved a most coadjutor to his father at the time of the unfortunate injury received by the latter, and it was largely due to his filial solicitude that he left school so young, in order that he might care for and assist his father. Even after leaving school his interest in educational affairs did not wane, and he was the leader of manv a debate in the coiintrv- school liouses. whose walls resounded with his youthful eloquence, and he maile the most i)f the educational advantages which were afforded him, attending school during the short winter terms and laboring assiduously on the farm during the summer seasons. His father's farm was good agricultural land and was underlaid with coal, the deposit Ijeing to a degree developed by the father and his sons, William, J. L. and John E. All three sons aided in the early development of these lands, and eventually J. L. left the parental roof for the purpose of studying medicine and he became one of the successful physicians of the city of Pittsbvu'g, while William left the farm to operate a flouring mill at Apollo, Pennsylvania. The subject still remained on the farm for a period of ten years after his brothers had departed therefrom, and he aided his father in his declining years. His brother William repeatedly urged him to enter the flouringmill business with him, but he preferred to stay on the farm. Had he left it at that time his entire career might ha\e l)een radically different, for it was his long experience in connection with mother earth that taught him concerning the treasures held in store within her bosom. He had alreatly laid the foundation for his wealth and the successful operations for oil and gas in western Pennsylvania caused him to bore for these products.

In the meanwhile, at a very early age, Mr. Carnahan was united in marriage to IMiss ]May Thomas, who resided near Cochran's Mills, being an estimable young woman of Scotch- Welsh descent. Of tliis happy union it may be stated at this pomt that seven children have been born, tliere being only one son. Roy R.. who from his early boyhood has been so closelv identified with his father's large interests and who is individually mentioned on another page of this volume. The six daughters are as follows: One who is the wife of \\'illiam Shoemaker, of I^eechliurg, l^ennsvK-ania : Beatrice

Pearl, Grace. Madge, Mabel and Xellie. Beatrice attended college at Roanoke, \'irginia, and <jrace was graduated in Washington & Jefferson Semmary, at Washington, Pennsylvania.

Mr. Carnahan purchased one hundred acres of farm land for himself, having husbanded his early earnmgs and accumulated a sufficient amount to justify his expenditure. With iiis capital represented in this holding and in the valuable experience he had gained on iiis father's farm, he gave himself with characteristic energy to the cultivation of his land and the development of the underlying coal deposits. This was in the early "sexenties, and the winters found him delving with his men about the small mines, while the summers showed him l)usily engaged in the culti\ation of his farm. With his hard earned money he acquired more land until he liad three hundred acres, all underlaid with two or three veins of coal. About 1879 he determined to drill for oil on his farm, but at a depth of twelve hundred feet the well filled with salt water. Untlaunted by this failure, he continued his drilling operations .in another locality, feeling certain that the first well had been drilled in either an oil or gas belt. His good judgment was shown when, eight years later, he drilled a well five hundred feet distant from the original one, since after reaching a depth of thirteen hundred and fifty feet he struck an immense gas well, developing a volume of ten million cubic feet daily. At the time he drilled his first well there was no oil or gas kncnvn to be nearer than twenty miles. In the meanwhile, after the failure of the first well, he resumed his farming and mining, continuing thus engaged until 1S85, when he again returned to drilling for oil and gas. Tlie great demand for gas in the steel works in and about Pittsburg and the general demand for oil prompted him to continue his efforts. He leased about eight thousand acres of land in the central part of Arm- strong count}- and began drilling- tor oil and eas in earnest. He was duly conservatixe. however, and continued to draw on his farms for his support rather than being prodigal in the expenditure of his savings. This great held later turned out to be the Schellhanii-iier gas field, four miles long and two miles wide. He drilled several wells on the tract and most of them turned out to be large gas producers. About this time he met the officials of the Carnegie Steel Coiiipany at Pittsburg, who purcliased from hmi the leasehold rights of a portion of the tract for one hundred thousand dollars. This was the first of his big deals with that company and the first of a series of a half dozen such important deals which he made with different companies, thereby gaining the nticleus of his large fortune. After this initial sale Mr. Carnahan enlarged his outfit of tools and drilled numerous wells for the Carnegie Company, which utilized the gas for its steel plants in Pittsburg. While most of his wells proved successful Mr. Carnahan realized, like all oil operators, that his was an uncertain business and that occasionally a dry hole would represent the only result of the efforts put forth. In the early days of his operations he paid for bonuses on gas land nmney which ran well into four figures for as few as one hundred acres. His next move was to drill for oil about Delks Station, Butler county, Pennsvh-ania, and after proviiig a large tract (if oil he and his partner sold out for sixty thousand dollars. In the meanwhile he continued drilling gas wells, which supplied glass factories and rolling- mills north of Pittsburg. After this, in the early 'nineties, came the operations in the Crooked creek field, near Roljlis Landing. Pennsylvania, which still produces gas for Pittsburg and vicinity. The gas rights of this tract were sold to the Carnigie Company, the field being four miles long and over a half mile in width. After its sale, in 1895, Mr. Carnahan drilled on the propertv one hundred wells for the Carnegie Company, and these ha\-e supplied millions of cubic feet of gas for Pittsburg and its steel mills. While the operations in this field were in progress Mr. Carnahan opened up another large gas field on the Armstrong and Clarion county line, eventuallv disposing of a portion of the tract to the Carnegie Company for their steel mills, while he retained possession of a part, which was utilized in supplying gas to plants and citizens north of Pittsburg. Another tract, of three thousand acres, which he opened was midway between Apollo and Leechburg. One of the three wells which he there drilled had the strongest flow of any gas well in the state up to that time. This well blew up when it was drilled in and the workmen narrowly escaped with their lives, and later it was gotten under control. This tract was sold to the American W^indow Glass Company, for seventy-fi\-e thousand dollars. Up to this tinie Mr. Carnahan's operations were almost entirely in gas territory. In the late 'nineties he extended his operations sotithward into Washington county, Pennsylvania, but not with success, though thip was ;iear the afterward famous McDonald oil pool. After this he concentrated his efforts in the locality of his former successes until 1897. At this time he chanced to forn-i the acquaintanceship of H. L. Smith, of Virginia, whom he met in the ofifices of the Carnegie Company, in Pittsburg. Mr. Smith and his brother-inlaw controlled the leases on six thousand acres of valuable oil and gas territory in Wetzel, Doddridge, Marion and Harrison counties. West \'irg-inia, and at that time there were several large gas wells on the tract, though it had been previously and falsely reported to the Carnegie Cornpany that there were several dry holes on the tract. Messrs. Smith and Robinson were paying eight thousand dollars annual rental for leases there and were badly in need of a partner to assume this payment, and the Carnegies had been importuned by these men to join them. Air. Carnahan immediately went to West Virginia, grasped the situation at once as he saw that it promised fine oil territory, and on his own account he leased four thousand acres more for iiimself. Tliis made a solid block of ten thousand acres. He then returned to Pittsburg and reported to the Carnegie Company as to the action he had taken. Relying solely upon his judgment as to the value of the land the company assumed tlie payment of the annual rentals on the tract - twelve thousand dollars a year. Tlie company also agreed to test the tract for oil and gas, the stipulation being that in case a well should develop gas they would retain possession of the same, and that if oil should be struck the same was to become the property of Mr. Carnahan and his partners, who would then assume tlie cost entailed in drilling. Tlie Carnegie Company drilled six wells on the field - three gas and tliree oil. In the autumn of 1901 tlie oil and gas leaseliolds on the tract were sold to tiie South Penn (Standard) Oil Company, for one million, two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. j\Ir. Carnalian held nine-si xteentlis of this interest. It was the largest single oil and gas deal consummated in that state. W'itliin the present year (1903) this tract has been conceded by experienced oil men to be worth ten million dollars, there Ijeing at the time two hundred large producing wells with a daily capacity of two thousand barrels, while there was room for five hundred more wells and twice as much production. On this tract is the most costly oil well in the world, its drilling having required two years' time and the incidental expenditure of forty thousand dollars. On the tract is also found the deepest producing oil well in the world, the same being- three thousand five hundred and fifty-five feet in depth. Other business interests of most extensive order have never permitted Mr. Carnahan to take charge of the field operations on his great oil lands in West Virginia. The drilling of the half dozen test wells which defined the milliondollar tract were in charge of his only son, Roy, who, though a young man of but twenty-four years, has the supervision of all his father's vast interests in West Virginia.

MAURICE E. AUNGST is a native son of the Buckeye state, his birth having occurred in Plain township, Stark county, on the nth of February, 1862, the son of David and Elizabeth ( Harry ) Aungst. The maternal grandfather, James Harry, was born and reared in the far famed Cuml^erland valley, Pennsylvania, but in 1824 he migrated to Ohio, settling in Plain township. Stark county. Here he entered a tract of land which was at that time wild and unimproved, but he entered bravely upon the task before him and in the course of time succeeded in clearing his land and developing a fine farm, bringing it up to a high standard of excellence. He followed the pursuit of agriculture throughout his life and his last days were spent upon this farm. David Aungst was a native of Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, but when a young man he came to Stark county, Ohio, settling in Plain township. He had learned the trade of a miller and followed that occupation all his life. He was a thorough master of his calling and was fairly successful from a financial standpoint. He retired from active bvisiness a few years ago and now makes his home in Canton ; his wife's death occurred in 1878. They were the parents of twelve children, three of whom died in infancy, and the subject is the third in order of birth.

Maurice E. Aungst was reared under the parental roof and received his education mainly in the common schools and in the public schools o{ Canton. He supplemented this training by a course at the college at Ada, Ohio, and at tlie age of sixteen years took up the profession of pedagogy. He was well qualified for this work and applied himself to it with marked success for eight years. On June i, 1886, he was admitted to the bar of the supreme court of Ohio.

In 1887 Mr. Aungst was appointed to the position of deputy probate judge. So satisfactorily did he perform the exacting duties of his position that in 1899 he was elected probate judge and now fills that oftice. The office is one that demands qualifications of a peculiar order and gives abundant opportunities for e.xercise of wise discrimination and sound judgment, together with a broad grasp of the law applying to cases coming under its jurisdiction. That ]\Ir. Aungst possesses these elements in a marked degree has been abundantly evidenced in the thoroughly satisfactory manner in which he has handled the business coming to his court. Just and sound in his decisions, honorable in his methods and courteous in his demeanor, he has gained for himself a host of warm personal friends and an excellent reputation throughout the county.

Politically Mr. Aungst has been a life-long Republican and has taken an active part in the campaign of his party. He has ever taken a keen interest in educational matters and has just completed two terms on the city board of school examiners. Fraternally he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Junior Order of United American Mechanics and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is also a member of the board of directors of the Citizens' Building and Loan Association.

On the 13th of January. 1887. Maurice E. Aungst was joined in the holy bonds of wedlock with Miss Lucy M. Pontius, the daughter of Andrew Pontius, a union which has been blessed by the birth of four children. Helen M., Grace E., James M. and Homer D.. who died April 13, 1903.

TIMOTHY C. PUTMAN. - Li the death of Captain T. C. Putman, on the 12th of October, 1898, there passed away a representative of the sterling old pioneer stock through whose efforts Stark county was reclaimed from the wilderness, and one who had endeared himself to all those who had the pleasure of his friendship, and who was esteemed by those who claimed only his acquaintance. He was a man of wide and versatile experience and he commanded respect for the best of all reasons - he deserved it. The Captain served with distinction as a patriot soldier in the war of the Rebellion, and in connection with public affairs in his native county he wielded no uncertain influence, while his strong and upright character was a power for good in all the relations of life.

Mr. Putman was born on the Putman pioneer homestead, near the present village of Wilmot, Sugar Creek township, this county, on the 30th of January, 1828, and that township continued to be his home until the time of his tleath, in Beach City, on the 12th of October, 1898. He was the son of John and Charlotta (King) Putman, who were numbered among the earliest settlers in Stark county. John Putman was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and was of stanch English lineage, the original progenitors of the family in America having been two brothers who immigrated hither in the colonial epoch of our national history, the one settling in Vermont and the other in Pennsylvania, and it is from the latter that the line is traced to the subject of this memoir. John Putman was engaged in farming in the old Keystone state for many years, and there his marriage was solemnized. In 1 8 18 he came to Stark county, entering a tract of government land in the midst of the virgin forests of what is now Sugar Creek township, and there reclaiming a good farm upon which he passed the residue of his long and useful life, being one of the honored pioneers of the pounty, ^vllicll was scarcely more than a wilderness at the time when he here took up his abode. .His deed was signed by John Quincy Adams, President. He continued to be identified with ihe great basic art of agrjculture throughout Jiis life, and died on his old homestead in 1871, iit the venerable age of eighty-four years, having been a man of worth and prominence. His ,wife, whose maiden name was Charlotta King, preceded him into eternal rest, her death having occurred in 1854. They became the parents of three daughters and two sons, all of whom are deceased.

Captain Putman was reared under the enjvironments of the pioneer epoch in his native .county, and his early labors were of the stren- -uous sort involved in clearing the wild land and rendering it available for cultivation, while his .educational advantages were such as were afforded in the common schools of the locality and period. On the 3d of October, 1850, he .was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth ^Griffith, who was born near Beach City, Sugar Creek township, this county, on the 6th of December, 1833, and wdio passed to the "land -of the leal" January i, 1903, having been held in affectionate regard by all who knew her, and having been a type of gracious and gentle womanhood. Of this union were born four children, the first two having been daughters -who died in infancy. M. Alice is the widow of the late Carrell B. Allman, who was one (Of the most prominent and honored business of Massillon and who is the subject of an individual memoir elsewhere in this work. Jolin C. Fremont Putman, who was associated in business with Mr. Allman, died a few months later, and tn him also is given a specific tril)ute elsewhere in this volume.

, For a number of years after his marriage Captain Putman continued to reside on the .parental homestead, and he then purchased a -farm of his own, midway between Wilmot .and Beach Citv, and there he continued to be actively engaged in agricultural jjursuits until 1892, having developed and improved one of the valuable farms of the county, and at the expiration of this period he retired from the more active labors which had so long been his, and removed to Beach City, where he purchased a pleasant residence, which continued to ' be his home until he passed forward to that "undiscovered country from whose bourne no traveler returns." At the time when the dark cloud of civil war spread its gruesome pall over the national firmament he tendered his services in defense of the Union, enlisting as a member of Company K, One Hundred and Sixty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which he was made lieutenant and with which he served one year, and later he was captain of a company of state militia. He came of Whig stock and was himself a stanch supporter of the principles of that party until the organization of the Republican party, when he transferred his allegiance to the same and ever afterwards was a stalwart advocate of its cause and active in its local ranks. He was one of the most extensive land holders of Sugar Creek township, his estate comprising more than seven hundred acres, and there he wielded a definite influence through his hold on public confidence and esteem, and his mature judgment and marked business acumen. He served at various times as trustee of the township, thotigh he never was a seeker for public office, and with the exception of one year he was consecutively a member of the Ixiard of directors of the county infirmary from 1871 until the time of his death, his wise counsel and earnest efforts in this capacity proving of great value in conserving wise economy of administration and the proper care of the unfortunate wards of the county. He was a member of the board at the time of the erection of the building for the insane and also the hospital binlding. and it may consistently be said in the connection that the countv has never had two other buildings of so great value erected at so small an expenditure, indicating careful management on the part of the board, and to Captain Putman. as one of the most active and influential members of the board, is due a goodly ^hare of credit for the wise administration of ibis department of the county affairs during his -long term of service. In business affairs Captain Putman was active and diligent, and a model of steadfastness and determination, being conservative in his methods and having a prescience which enabled him to carry his plans to successful completion, there being no vacillation or uncertainty in his course at any time ; for he was methodical and systematic in all "He was' genial, earnest, and sincere, hospitable and kindly, and his popularity was of unequivocal order. He and his wife were devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and fraternally he was identified with .the Grand Army of the Republic, and the Knights of Pythias. Of him it may well be said that "His life was noble and the elements somixed in him that the world might stand up and sav. This is a man."

HON. JOHN GRAHAM was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1802, and was there reared to manhood and took unto himself a wife, in the person of Miss Susan Troup, who was likewise a native of the old Keystone state. In 1824 they came to Canton, Stark county, Mr. Graham having closed out his mercantile business in Pennsylvania, and here he located on a tract of land, on the Fulton road, in Jackson township, purchasing five hundred and twenty acres of his brothers-in-law, Henry and Jacob Troup, who had here entered claim to nearly one thousand acres of government land and had just begun the work of reclaiming the same. Mr. Graham and his wife made the trip from Pennsylvania On horseback, the latter carrying in her arms her infant child, Ella, who was but a few months old. Mr. Graham cleared off a small tract of ground and on the same erected a rud,e lodge of logs, according to the style in vogue in the pioneer days, and this log cabin continued to be the family home for several years, while the work of reclaiming the land to the uses of cultivation was pushed forward as rapidly as possible, history in those days being written with the ax and the rifle rather than being recorded on published pages. For a number of years after this noble couple took up their abode in the midst of the forest there were only two or three houses between their home and what is now the city of Canton. Indians were still in evidence and wild game to be had in abundance. Mr. Graham was successful in his efforts and eventually added considerably to the area of his landed estate. Entirely without solicitation on his part, 4ie was made the candidate of the Whig party for the position of state senator, and the office was practically thrust upon him by his friends in the district. He was elected by a goodly majority and served with ability and fidelity during his term of four years, doing all in his power to further the best interests of the people of the Buckeye comm.onwealth. The year prior to his election he and his wife had made a visit to their old home in Pennsylvania, on this occasion utilizing a carriage, as roads had been opened sufficiently to make this possible, though the journey was not altogether an agreeable one even yet. In politics Mr. Graham was a stanch advocate of the principles of the Democratic party as exemplified by Jefferson and Jackson, and both he and his wife were consistent meml>ers of the Methodist Episcopal church, taking a prominent part in the early religious work in this section. He died on his homestead farm in 185 1, having nearly attained the half-century milestone' on life's journey. His wife survived him marty years, passing away in 1877, at the age of seventy-two years. Their eleven chil- dren were as follows : William, who died in infancy, in Bedford county, Pennsylvania; Ella Olivia, who is the widow of Ira M. Allen, of Canton ; Lavinia, who resides in Canton and who is the widow of Jonathan Renick. of whom mention is specifically made on another page of this work ; Charles, who is engaged in the real-estate business in the city of Philadelphia ; Caroline, who is the widow of Lewis V. Bockius, of Canton : Hamilton, who is a successful farmer of Plain township, this county, and who married a Miss Letetia Webb; Edward, who married Aliss Fannie Cooley and who died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; John, who died at the age of three years ; Susan, who became the wife of General Samuel Beatty, of Canton, both being now deceased; Alfred R., who married Sarah Kalembaugh ; George, who married Amelia Byrne, is a resident of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; and Marshall, who died in infancy. Captain Graham, father of the subject of this memoir, was likewise born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, being of stanch Scotch- Irish extraction. In the town of Bedford Springs he married Mrs. \Villiam Hartley, a widow, her maiden name ha\ing l>een Shaw, while her marriage to Air. Hartley was solemnized in England, her native land. At the time of her marriage to Captain Graham, she resided on what was then known as the MouiTt Dalles farm, near Bedford Springs, having come hither from London, England, with her first husband, who died here. On this farm she entertained General Washington, and it is a matter of record that she had the distinction of playing backgammon with this greatest of patriots. The Hartleys at one time owned Bedford Springs and the family was a prominent and influential one in Pennsylvania, and conspicuous in the social affairs of the old Keystone state in the early days. She came to America about the time of the oj^ening of the war of the Revolution, leaving a little daughter in England. The latter was there reared to maturity and there married a Mr. Harrison, and their son, William, a clergj-man of the established church, Ijecanie chaplain to Queen Victoria and rector of Birch, in Essex, while he was also private chaplain to the Duchess of Cambridge, proctor in the lower house of convocation, honorary canon of St. Albans' cathedral and rural dean of the deanery of Coggswell, standing high in ecclesiastical and social circles. He and his wife both died in England, where many of their children married into prominent families of the kingdom. Captain Graham, who was the second husband of Mrs. Hartley, was a valiant soldier and officer in the war of the Revolution. He died on the Mount Dalles farm, he and his wife having had one son and one daughter, namely : John, the immediate subject of this memoir: and Susan, who became the wife of Dr. Van Lehr and died in the state of Man,-land. After the death of Captain Graham his widow consummated a third marriage, becoming the wife of a General Simpson, and she passed the closing years of lier life in or near Bedford Springs.

JOHN M. SARVER. - Success in any line of endeavor, in anv field of human activity, is not a matter of spontaneity, but is rather the results of the application of talents and powers along the avenvie where lies the greatest potentialitv. He who has the judgment to fliscern his own talents and to follow their bent through the exigencies of time and place is the one to whom success will come as a natural sequence. In one of the highest and most important spheres of human effort the subject of this review has proved a power for good in the exercise of a strong individuality. He is at the present time the incumbent of the responsible position of superintendent of public schools of of Canton, Ohio. In the domain of education he has found personal satisfaction and has exerted a l)eneficent influence, being prominent in the e«lucational circles of the state and being known as a man of fine executive abihty. In a compilation of this character it is certainly fitting- that there be included a brief account of the life and labors of Prof. Sarver.

The genealogy of the family traces back to German 'origin, and the name has been long identified with the affairs of this country, the original representatives of the family in the ne\v world coming from Germany, about the time of the war of the Revolution, to take up their abode in Pennsylvania. John Sarver, grandfather of the subject, was a native of Pennsylvania, and passed the major portion of his life in Westmor'jland county, of that state, devoting his attention to agriculture and being known as a man of sterling integrity of character, a worthy representative of the sturdy German type which has had so important an influence in advancing the material prosperity of our great republic. He took upon himself a wife in the person of Margaret A. Kepple. who likewise was of German lineage and who passed her entire life in Westmoreland county. After her death John Sarver emigrated to Ohio, taking up his abode on a farm in Wood county, about i860, where he continued to make his home until his death, which occurred in 1878. John Sarver was tlie father of six children, of whom two are living at the present time.

Michael Sarver, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, on the 14th of January, 1835, and was there reared under the invigorating discipline of the farm, while his early educational advantages were such as were afforded in the common schools of the locality and period. He was a student at Mt. Pleasant College several years, but did not remain to graduate. On the 27th of September, 1859, he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Jane Anderson, who was born at Mount Pleasant, that county, on the 23d of October, 1837, a daughter of Cunningh.am and Christina (Schall) Anderson, the former of whom was Ijorn in Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, in 1806, while his wife was born in the same county in 1809. She was a daughter of John Michael Schall, who was born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, and died in Westmoreland county, having been a farmer and cabinetmaker by vocation. James Cunningham, who was born in the north of Ireland, emigrated thence to America in the Revolutionary period, and his daughter Jane married William Anderson, who figures as the maternal greatgrandfather of Professor Sarver. \\'illiam Anderson was a native of Scotland, whence he came to America in the early part of the nineteenth century. Michael Sarver was successful as a teacher in his early manhood, his pedagogic experience including work in elementary and higher grades of schools. When the great oil fields of Pennsylvania were opened up, he became identified with the development of the industry in its initial stages, and through good judgment attained a high degree of success in oil operations. A man of fine mentality, he was not satisfied with a circumscribed field of endeavor. Accordingly he began reading law in the office of Hon. Edgar Cowan, United States senator, at Greensburg, Pennsylvania, and in due time secured admission to the bar of the state. His health finally became seriously impaired and he determined to make a change of location and to abandon the practice of his profession. In 1865 he came to Ohio and soon after his arrival purchased a farm of one hundred and twenty acres in Canton township. Stark county, and in connection with general agriculture he established a brick manufactory on his farm. His health was so precarious that he again felt constrained to seek a change of climate in the hope of recuperation. He accordingly removed to Santa Barbara county, California, where he purchased a farm of fifty acres, which was notable for ha^'ing produced the mammoth grape vine which he placed on exhibition at the Centennial Exposition in

Philadelphia in 1876. It was 'Mr. Sarver's intention to take the same to the' Paris Exposition of 1879, '^"'^ ^'i^ hand of death interposed, and he died at his home in Canton, on tlie 1 8th of ]\Iarch, 1877. He was a memljer of the Lutheran cliurch, as is also his widow, who still resides in Canton, and in politics he gave allegiance to the Democratic party. He was a man of strong personality, firm in convictions and well qualified for leadership in thought and action. His entire life was ordered upon a high plane of integrity and honor, so that at all times he commanded the respect and esteem of his fellow men. Alichael and Eliza J. Sarver were the parents of six children, concerning whom hrief data is as follows: Alary remains with her mother, having never married ; Harry D. is president of the Imperial Wall Paper Company of Sandy Hill, New York, this l^eing one of the largest concerns of the sort in the world: he married ]\[iss Ida Gibbs, of Canton, dnd ihey ha\e three children: John W.. the immediate subject of this review, was the next in order of birth ; the fourth child died in infancy: William E., a civil engineer by profession, is a resident of Canton; and Edith died at the age of eleven vears.

Prof. John i\I. Sarver is a native of Stark county, having been born on the homestead farm, south of Canton, on the 29th of November, 1865. His early education was received in the district schools, and he was seven years of age at the time of his parents' removal to California, where he continued to attend the country schools for the ensuing three and onehalf years. He then accompanied his parents to Philadelphia, where they were in attendance at the exposition for a period of six months. They returned to Canton where the subject continued his studies in the public schools, graduating from the high school as a member of the class of 1884. He early identified himself with the pedagogic profession, teaching in the country schools, in the winter, and continuing at other times his studies in the Ohio Normal University and graduating in the classical course as a member of the class of 1886. In the following year, when nearly twenty-one years of age, he was elected principal of the North Cherry Street school in Canton, the preferment being notable considering his age. but he proved his capacity in an unmistakable way, retaining this position a period of five years and doing effective work. Then he Ijecame a teacher in the high school, and at the expiration of his first year evidence of his ability and fidelity to the interests of the schools of the city was accorded in his selection as principal of the high school, a position which he held for a period of seven years. In 1901 there came to him the distinguished preferment implied in his advancement to the superintendency of the public schools of the city, in which office he is serving at the present time. He is known as a man of attainments, of scholarship and of executive capacity, having achieved success in his profession because he has worked for it. His prestige in the field of education serves as a voucher for intrinsic worth of character. He has used his intellect to the best purposes and directed his energy in legitimate channels, his career having teen based upon the assumption that nothing save industry, perseverance, integrity and fidelity will lead toward the goal of success. The profession of teaching offers no opportunity except to such determined spirits. It is too arduous and exacting as a vocation for one who is unwilling to subordinate all other interests to its demands, but to the true and earnest worker it offers a sphere of action whose attractions are unequaled and whose rewards are unstinted. Prof. Sarver has never allowed his devotion and enthusiasm to wane. and. as he has made his own way in the world, he is deserving of the greater meed of honor for the distinction he has gained in one of the most responsible spheres of endeavor. He has ever held his profession as worthy of his best efforts.

and his inrluence as an educator has constantly broadened. From 1895 until 1901 he was a member of the board of school examiners of Stark county, and for eight years he has been a member of the executive committee of the Stark County Teachers" Association, of which lie was president in 18(89-90. While acting as principal of the North Cherry Street school he utilized his vacations in taking a course of study in Clark University, at Worcester, Massachusetts, he also passed one summer in the L'niversity of Buli'alo, New York, and several summers in the College of Liberal Arts, in Chautauqua, New York. In 1889 he was granted a state life certificate of the highest grade, and in 1889- 1900 he was I'etained during the summer seasons as a teacher in Wooster L'niversity, Ohio. He is a member of the Ohio State Teachers' Association and the National Educational Association, and he spares no pains to keep fully informed of the advances made in the science of pedagogy.

In politics, though nominally a Democrat and advocating the basic principles of the party, he maintains an independent attitude and is in no sense strictly partisan, supporting those men and measures meeting the approval of his judgment. Fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. He is a memlier of the Young Men's Christian Association and has served for the past ten years as a member of the board of managers of the local organization. Mr. Sarver is a member of Trinity Lutheran church, in which he has been a deacon for ten years, while for a decade also he has given faithful service as superintendent of the Sunday school. He is a director in the Citizens' Building and Loan Conipany, of Canton, of the Vera Cruz Development Compan3% of Canton, and is identified with various other enterprises of importance. He is frequently invited to deliver addresses at educational meetings and to contribute articles to educational journals. He enjoys marked personal popularity in his native county and state, which he has honored and dignified b}- his earnest and eminently successful efforts as one of the workl's noble army of workers. He still clings to the life of a celibate, having his home with his mother, whose devotion to him is warmly reciprocated.

^^-ALTER M. ELLETT was born on a farm in Lexington township, this county, on the 1 2th of August, 1870, being the only child of John E. and Rebecca Brooks (Millard) Ellett, the former of whom was born in the same township, on the 26th of June, 1845, being a son of Elias and Almira Ellett, who were numbered among the sterling pioneers of that township, having come to Stark county from the state of New Jersey, where the respective families were founded at an early epoch in our national history, the Ellett lineage tracing back to Irish origin. John E. Ellett was reared to the sturdy discipline of the farm and received a. common school education. After his marriage he settled on a farm in Lexington township, belonging to his brpther William, and he continued to remain in charge of the same until his death, in 1874, at the early age of twentynine years. He was a stalwart advocate of the princi])]es of the Republican party and he was known as a young man of fine mentality and unbending rectitude of character, commanding uniform esteem. His wife was born in Lexington township, in 1844, being a daughter of David B. Millard, who was born near the town of Mauch Chunk, Carbon county, Penn.sylvania, in the picturesque Lehigh valley. He came to Stark county in the pioneer epoch, first purchasing a tract of wild land in Randolph township and later removing to a farm in Lexington township, where he passed the later vears of his life. On this old home-

Walter ]M. Ellett passed his boj-hood clays on this homestead of his maternal grandfather, ha\ing been but four years of age at the time of the death of his father. His early educational discipline was recei\ed in the district schools, and supplemented by a course in the high school of Alliance, in which he was graduated in 1889, being valedictorian of his class. When but sixteen years of age he proved himself eligible for pedagogic honors, having taught successfully in the school of his home district. In the autumn of 1889 he was matriculated in Mount Union College, this county, and during- the time he was pursuing his studies in this institution he did not attend the college during the winter months, spending these intervals teaching, in order to support himself and earn the funds with which to defray the further expenses of his collegiate course. Notwithstanding this seeming handicap, such was his individual application to his studies that not only did he complete the four years' course with the class of which he was a member, but also advanced himself sufficiently far in his studies to have seven months to utilize as he chose prior to commencement day. While thus awaiting for his classmates to finish the work which he had already covered satisfactorily, he found employment in a clerical capacity in the treasurer's office of the Solid Steel Casting Compan)-, of Alliance, returning to his alma mater for the commencement day. Within his college course he had the distinction of winning the oratorical contest in the institution itself, as well as third place in the Ohio state contest, in which twelve colleges competed with the men who had likewise gained the honors in the individual contests of the respective institutions, Mr. Ellett was also chosen orator of the Linaean Literary Society, and attained still farther prestige by winning the faculty classification, this implying that in the grading of all speeches of the students of the class during the four years' course he gained the highest standing of all, Mr, Ellett was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and his standing was most e.Kcellent in all departments of his college work, hi Mount Union College he became affiliated with the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. In the autumn following his graduation in this institution he entered the law department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and here he became a member of the Delta Chi, the fraternity of said department. About the niitldle of his senior year his health became so seriously impaired that he was compelled to leave the university, and he passed the ensuing year in recuperating his wasted energies. In January, 1896, Mr. Ellett identified himself with the Johnson Insurance Agency, of Alliance, Incoming a partner of J, Howard Johnson, who is now one of the most prominent insurance underwriters in the city of Cleveland, and he continued to be associated in this enterprise about three years. In 1898 Mr. Ellett effected the organization of the Crystal Case Company, of which he was made president and treasurer, and under his personal management and direction the enterprise has grown from modest proportions to a status as the largest manufactory of revolving show cases in the Union, the products being shipped to every state in the republic, while the annual output is very large and constantly increasing, and the trade is penetrating into many foreign countries. The company ha\e a large and well equipped plant, in which employment is afforded to a numerous corps of mechanics and assistants, and the products are recognized for their superior excellence, pro\ing the best possible advertisement for themselves and for the company, while the name of the city in which they are manufactured is thus given still further prestige. The progressive policy inaugurated and maintained by the company has insured a consecutive expansion of the business, and the president has gained the confidence and good will of the local community, while unstinted commendation has been accorded him for his executive and administrative ability and honorable methods in all things. In politics he gives an unequivocal allegiance to the Republican party, taking a lively interest in the questions and issues of the hour, and keeping in close touch with the same and with the best in science and literature, notwithstanding the thronging cares of his business affairs. He is a member of the Duodecemvirate and Unity Clubs, prominent social orders of the city, and both he and his wife take an active part in the best social life of the community.

On the 25th of January, 1896, Mr. Ellett was united in marriage to Miss Jennie H. Lemmon, who was born in Barnsville, Ohio, being a daughter of Rev. John S. Lemmon, one of the most distinguished and beloved clergymen of the Eastern Ohio and Pittsburg conferences of the Methodist Episcopal church, and of this union have been born two winsome daughters. Harriet Kathleen and Eleanor.

The family of which Captain Reinhold is a worthy descendant had its origin in Heilbrun, Germany, and was first represented in America by two brothers who landed at Philadelphia as early as the year 1700, one of them locating in what is now Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, the other settling somewhere in the South. ne\er to be heard of afterwards, Christopher Reinhold, the former, built his home on what is known as "Black Horse Hill" in the county of Lancaster, having been one of the first settlers in that portion of the state. He was a married man and became the father of three sons and three daughters and, according to the most reliable information, from him have descended all the Reinholds now in the

United States. Among his lineal descendants was one Henry Reinhold, \\'hose birth took place in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, March 14, 1786, and who was there united in marriage to Susan Conrad. She was born on the 15th of February, 1784, in the county of Lancaster, her antecedents having settled there at an early period in the history of the colonies. Both families contributed sons to the American cause during the Revolutionary struggle, the Reinholds in particular achieving considerable distinction as daring soldiers. Henry Reinhold was a man noted in his county, having held the oftice of justice of the peace for over forty years. He spent all his life in his native state, dying in Lancaster county in the year 1856, his widow surviving him until 1867. They were the parents of six children, all of whom became well settled in life, several of them achieving distinction in private life and official stations. The oldest of the nuinber. Col. Jesse Reinhold, a son of Henry, was several times elected to the general assembly of, Pennsylvania and made an honorable record as an able and discreet legislator. He finished his earthly course in Lancaster county, and .sleeps in the old Swamp burying ground, hallowed by the dust of several generations of his ancestors. Elizabeth, the second of the family, married Joel Sherrick, of Lancaster county and died in Indiana, to \vhich state they removed about the year 1865. John, the father of the subject of this sketch, was the third in succession and after him came Rev. Jacob Reinhold, a Baptist minister of much more than local repute, who departed this life a number of yeai's ago in the county and state of his birth. Benjamin, who also lived and died in Lancaster county, served several terms as county treasurer and was a man of much more than ordinary mental ability and high social standing. Anna, who married William T^Iuth and moved to Myerstown, Pennsylvania, where she still resides, is the onlv member of the familv now living. All the above sons and daughters were far alx)ve the average in their physical make-up. their combined weight exceeding fourteen hundred and fifty pounds, or an average of over two hundred and fifty pounds each. '

John Reinhold, the Captain's father, was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, about the year 1817. When a young man he learned the tanner's trade and for a number of years carried on the manufacture of leather in connection with agricultural pursuits. He continued farming and tanning on his own place until about 1849, when he purchased the old homestead, after which he devoted considerable of his attention to the raising of live stock, especially cattle. He also bought and shipped cattle upon an extensive scale and for quite a number of years did a large and thriving business, but meeting with financial reverses in 1872 was obliged to retire from active life. In 1882 he came to Canton, Ohio, and from that time until his death, ten years later, lived with his son, the subject of this review. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Leah Royer, was born in Lebanon county. Pennsylvania. February II, 1815, the daughter of Jacob Royer. whose forefathers came from Germany prior to the American struggle for independence and settled at what was afterwards called Royer's Ford, near the city of Philadelphia. One of the battles of the Revolution was fought on his forefather's farm, the family being eye witnesses of the action. Jacob Royer. father of Leah, settled at Millbach, Lebanon county, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Reinhold died in Millbach in 1 88 1 and the year following Mr. Reinhold changed his abode to Canton, as stated above. The family of John and Leah Reinhold consisted of eight children, whose names in order of birth are as follows : Susan, now ]\Irs. Peter Cockley. of Richland. Pennsylvania: Urias R.. of this sketcli ; Kate, wife of Samuel H. Adams, of Canton : Martin, who entered the service as orderly sergeant of Company E, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, in the late Civil war. was subsequently promoted second lieutenant, still later was made captain of Company I of the same command and in 1864 fell while leading his men against the enemy in the battle of Cedar Creek; Benjamin, also a soldier, enlisted in Company E, of the above regiment, served until the close of the war and at the present time lives in ^Mexico; Harry resides at Reading, Pennsylvania ; Jesse died at Richland, Pennsylvania, in 1896, and I.yizzie, who is unmarried, lives with her sister, Mrs. Adams, of Canton, Ohio.

Referring to the life of Captain Urias R. Reinhold, it is learned that he was born at the old Royer home in Lebanon county, Pennsylvania, on the 26th of March, 1837. When he was three years old his parents moved to the county of Lancaster and there he attended the public and private schools until a youth of sixteen, meantime becoming acquainted with the more practical part of life by working at various kinds of manual labor. Desiring a more thorough intellectual training than could be acquired in such schools as he had been attending, he entered, at the age of sixteen. Rockville Academy, Chester county, Pennsylvania, where he pursued his studies one year and in 1836 became a student of Mt. Joy Academy in the county of Lancaster. After attending the latter institution about the same length of time he turned his attention for one year to teaching and then assisted his father on the farm and in the tannery until attaining his majority. On reaching manhood's estate Mr. Reinhold, in partnership with a young gentleman of his acquaintance, engaged in the general mercantile trade at Myerstown. Pennsylvania, and continued there doing a good business until the fall of 1861, when he sold out his interests in the establishment for the purpose of entering the arm\'. \\'hen the war cl(iud darkened the national horizon, he consid- ered it the duty of every able bodied young man to tender liis service to the country, consequently he did not long stand upon the order of his going, but at once, with Captain Tice, proceeded to enlist a company, raising in less than two weeks a force of one hundred and twenty men. the majority of them from Myerstown and vicinity. Upon the organization of this company, which was subsequently assigned to the Second Pennsylvania Cavalry. ]Mr. Reinhold was elected second lieutenant, his cousin, Reuben Reinhold, having been made first lieutenant. When the latter was promoted major by Gov. Curtin, the subject succeeded to the first lieutenancy, his younger brother, Martin, being commissioned second lieutenant of the company, while Reuben. !)efore mentioned, was promoted major. Mustered into the service at Camp Curtin, the regiment at once proceeded to the front, from which time until the close of the struggle its history is a part of the history of the war and need not be attempted in detail in an article of the character of this review. Briefly stated, however, the command experienced its full share of service during the darkest days of our national history, having been assigned to the Army of the Potomac in time to take part in all the noted battles of the several Virginia campaigns. With a single exception, Mr. Reinhold participated in every battle in which his command was engaged, the exception being the rout at W^inchester, during whifch he was detailed on special duty elsewhere, although he reached the field in time to witness the termination of the battle. It is doubtful it any survivor of the great Rebellion can point to a record of so many battles as can the subject of this sketch, as witness the following, in all of which he nobly bore his part as a brave defender of the flag and at times performed such duties of daring as to entitle him to the lasting gratitude of the American people. To make the list more explicit as a matter of reference, not onlv the names of the engagements but the dates of their occurrence are also given, to wit : Chancellorsville, April 30th to May 2d. inclusive, 1863 ; Beverly Ford, June 9th; Aldie, June i6th; Upperville, June 2 1st; Goose Creek, June 22d; Gettysburg, July 1st and 2d; Williamsport, July 6th; Beaver Creek, July 8th ; Brownsboro, July 9th ; Falling Waters, July 14th; Brandy Station, August 1st; second action at Brandy Station, September 14th; Beacon Fort, September 14th; Barnett's Station, October nth; Rappahannock Station, October 12th; Oak Hill, October 13th; Thoroughfare Gap, October 13th; Liberty, October 24th; Belton Station, October 28th to 30th; Ricksyville, November 8th; Mine Run. November 9th and December ist. All of the foregoing engagements having been fought in the year 1863. In the following year he took part in the battles of Barnett's Ford, February 3d, after which he was absent from his command on special duty during General Kilpatrick's raid to Richmond. Later he joined the company and participated in the fights at Todd's Tavern, May 7th and 8th; Yellow Tavern, May nth ; Meadow Bridge, May 12th ; Hanovertown, May 27th; Hawes Shop, Mav 28tli; Old Church, May 30th; Cold Harbor. May 31st to June ist, inclusive; Trevillian Station, June nth and 12th: White House, June 2ist ; Jones Bridge, June 23d ; Darlington, July 28th; White Post, August nth; Cedarville, August 15th; Berryville, Augtist 22d; Kernesville, August 25th; Leeton, August 28th ; Smithville, August 24th ; Cedar Creek, October igth; Gordonsville, December 22d. During the years 1865 he was in Sheridan's raid to the James river canal and White House from February 29th to iVLarch i8th; Dinwiddle Court House, March 30th and 31st; Scott's Cross Roads, April 2d: Drummond Hill, April 4th ; Sailors Creek and Appomattox Station, April 6th ; Appomattox Court House, April Qth, which witnessed the downfall of the Confederacv. To face death so manv times and un- der so many different circumstances and escape with but slight injury seems little less than miraculotis, but such is the record of this brave soldier, who in all these battles never shirked a responsibility nor shrank from a danger. For gallantry and praiseworthy conduct leading his men, he was promoted, February 13, 1865, captain of Company I, succeeding his brother, ]\Iartin R. Reinhold, who was killed in action, which position he held at the time of his discharge. ]\Ir. Reinhold was twice captured by the enemy, the first time while escorting a wagon train from Martinsburg to Winchester, but. thanks to the strength and fleetness of his horse, a noble animal of remarkable endurance, he succeeded in breaking away from his captors and leaving them far behind in his race for libert}'. lie and his men were twice surrounded Ijy Alosby, but would not surrender and fought themselves out. At the battle of Dinwiddle Station he was struck in the left ankle by a ririe ball, which inflicted a painful but not dangerous wound, and in several other engagements he was slightly injured, but never sufficiently serious as to cause him to be absent from duty. How many times he narrowly escaped death during his military experience may be inferred from the thirteen rents in his cuat made by as many bullets, to say nothing" of the close proximity of thousands of missiles which cut down his comrades around him like grain before the reaper in harvest time.

Air. Reinhold was discharged at Clcnids Mill. Virginia, on the i6th day of June, 1S65. and nine days later he returned home with a herd of twenty-five horses, which he purchased for the purpose of speculation. During the following year he dealt quite largely in live stock and then accepted a position as traveling salesman for a Philadelphia wholesale house, which- he represented on the road dinging the greater parts of 1867 and 1868. While in the employ of this firm, he traveled over Ohio, with Canton as a base of operations, and on severing his connection with the house he decided to make this city his permanent place of residence. Securing a position as salesman with a mercantile firm, he moved his family here in 1869 and from that time until 1874 he served in the capacity of clerk, becoming familiar with even,- detail of the mercantile business the meantime. Resigning his clerkship, he again took the road for a wholesale house, and after spending three years in his territory at a liberal pecuniary consideration gave up the position to become agent for a dealer in metallic goods, in which he continued two years and later took up the tombstone business and handled all kinds of granite and marble work for Banhof & Bros., of Canton, in which capacity he continued during the ensuing seven vears. In the year 1882 Mr. Reinhold opened a small general grocery and provision store m Canton, since which time it has steadiiy increased until he has now a large and lucrative business at his present stanil. his stock being now about twothirds larger than when he began. In addition to the above lines, he also carries a full stock of notions and is in the enjoyment of a patronage that taxes to the utmost the capacity of his establishment, requiring all of his own time, besides the services of several additional salesman. As a business man Mr. Reinhold has long occupied a conspicuous place among the successful tradesmen of Canton and by careful attention to the demands of the public, as well as by sound judgment and superior management, has ne\er been without a lucrative patronage. He has accumulated a comfortable competence and as a citizen he stands high in the esteem of the people, occupying as prominent a position in social circles as he does in the commercial world. Mr. Reinhold's wife, whose maiden name was Rebecca Groh, is a native of Lebanon county. Pennsylvania, and a daughter of Christian and Rebecca (Im- mel) Gi'oh, botli parents born and reared in the Keystone state. The first of Mr. and Mrs. Reinhold's children, a daughter by tlie name of Rebecca, died when quite young; the second, SaHie, departed this Hfe at the age of five years ; Martin U., the third, met his deatli in a railroad accident, April 10, 1890, when twentythree years old: Mary Ann, born August 2, 1868, is the wife of Thomas S. Gulp, of Canton ; Kate, whose birth occurred on the 30th of August, 1870, is still at home; John Christian, born in the year 1872, was a locomotive engineer on the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad, but was killed in an accident, his engine running into an open switch ; Urias George, the youngest, was born October 12, 1882, and has never left the parental roof.

^Ir. Reinhold takes an active interest in public and political affairs and on state and national issues votes with the Republican party, being independent in matters local. He received the nomination for the office of member of the board of public service in March, of this year 1903. He is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows fraternities and a zealous worker in McKinley Post No. 12, Grand Army of the Republic, his name appearing on the charter of that organization. By an upright, manly course of conduct he has made his presence felt in the city of his adoption and all who know him bear testimony to his sturdy qualities, generous nature and genuine patriotism. Liberal, kind hearted and public spirited, he is warm and unsuspecting in his friendships and stands four square to every wind that blows, a man whom his fellow citizens love and whom his county delights to honor.

SILAS BENHAM POST, M. D. - This distinguished physician and surgeon springs from a very old family, the history of which in this country is traceable to the early settlement of New Jersey. Munson Post, the Doc-, tor's great-great-grandfather, was born in Essex county, that state, and there married and became the father of five children : Jeremiah, Joseph, David, Benjamin and one daughter whose name is not known. In the year 1781 Munson Post removed with his family to Mor-r ris township, Washington county, Pennsylvania, making the journey in wagons and spending several weeks on the way. Politically he was a pronounced Democrat, which has been largely the belief of his descendants to the present day. Just what his religious faith was is not known, but he is supposed to have been a member of the church of England ; many of his descendants have been communicants of the several branches of the Presbyterian church, not a few of whom were noted for their piety and religious zeal.

Jeremiah, the oldest son of Munson Post, was born in Esse.x county. New Jersey, September 10, 1769, and was a lad of twelve years when his parents migrated to Pennsylvania. His education was somewhat limited, but he appears to have been a man of strong mental powers, as is evident from the influential position he occupied in the community in which he lived. Li 1794 he married Martha, daughter of Dr. Charles Cracraft, who bore him four children, namely: William, Deborah, Charles and Joseph. His first wife dying, he subsequently, in 1804, entered the marriage relation with Mary Enlow. daughter of Abraham Enlow, a union which resulted in the birth of the following children : Martha, Jemima, Martin, Jesse, Luke, Sarah, Mary A., James R. and Phoebe. Jeremiah Post lived for the first few years of his married life on a small farm near Van Buren, Washington county, Pennsylvania, but. selling that place, moved to an estate belonging to his father-in-law. Dr. Cracraft, where he made his home the remainder of his days, the place being still in possession of his descendants. He was one of the charter mem- bers of the old Bethel C. P. cluirch, and, dying June I, 1848, was huried in the Bethel cemetery, as was also his wife, who entered into rest on the 30th day of November, 1854.

William Post, eldest son of Jeremiah, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, Xovember 12, 1795, and. when a young man, married Margaret Lindley, daughter of Benjamin Lindley. a well-known resident of Morris township. To this union were born six sons and three daughters, Charles, Benjamin L., Jeremiah, Sarah, who died in early womanhood, Martha, Jackson, ;Mary A., Joseph and Clark C.

Charles, tlie oldest of these children, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1825, and there grew to maturity, meantime learning the tailor's trade. -He married in his native county Miss Jane Hays, who bore him seven children, namely : Lindley and Margaret, deceased; INIanda, wife of Will Mc- Curdy, of Washington, D. C. ; James, who lives in Montana; Dr. Silas B., of this review, and William and Harry, the last two making their homes in Washington. Peimsylvania. Charles Post and his wife ended their earthly careers in the county and state of their birth and, with others of their kindred, are sleeping in the old family burying ground, near which they liyed so long and well.

Dr. Silas Benhani Post was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, his natal day being the 3d of January, 1858. He spent his childhood and youth amid the pleasant surroundings of his home, attended the district schools until completing the prescribed course, after which he became a student of the high school in the town of Washington. The intellectual discipline thus received stimulated him to greater exertion in the matter of scholastic training, and accordingly he entered, in 1874, Washington and Jefferson College, from which institution he was graduated five years later with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. With a well-cultivated mind he now l>egan preparing himself for his life work, entering the office of Dr. Grayson, of Washington, where he pursued his medical studies for one year, at the expiration of which time, in the fall of 1880, he enteretl the medical department of the same college from which he had previously been graduated. The Doctor's record in this institution was an honorable one and immediately after his graduation, in the spring of 1882, he began the practice of his profession in the town of New Brightori. Pennsylvania. After remaining in the above place until the spring of 1885, and obtaining a liberal share of patronage, he decided to locate in a larger and more favorable field, and .in March of that year he opened an otifice in Canton^ whither his well-known professional reputation had preceded him.-