Canton Township (part 32 of 62)

On the 3d of July, 1895, in the city of Canton, was solemnized the ceremony which united in the bonds of holy wedlock Dr. Bowman and Miss Elsie Haines, daughter of J. M. H. and Mary (Yant) Haines. Dr. and Mrs. Bowman are respected members of the Trinity Reformed church of this city and are well known and popular in the best social circles of the community. They ha\e many warm friends and their pleasant home is the abode of a generous hospitality which is freely dispensed to all who see fit to share it. The Doctor is a young man in the vigor of his physical and mental powers antl bids fair to rise not only in the profession to which his life is being dex'oted but also as an enterprising citizen deeply interested in all that concerns the material development and moi-al welfare of his city and countv.

CHARLES KRICHBAUM. - The original progenitor of the Krichbaum family in the new world was Johaimes Adam Krichbaum, who was born in Bavaria, Germany. The first record concerning the Krichbaum immigration to Pennsylvania is found in the records of that state. On the 14th of Septem-

''The masters of vessels importing Germans and others from the continent of Euroi)e shall examine them whether they have leave granted tliem to masters of A-essels by the court of Great Britain for the importation of these foreigners, and that a list be taken of all these people, their several occupations and places from whence they come, and shall be further examined touching their intentions in coming hither ; and "that a writing be drawn up for them to sign, declaring their allegiance and subjection to the king of Great Britain and fidelity to the proprietary of this province, and that they demean themselves peaceably toward all his majesty's subjects and observe and conform to the laws of England and the government of Pennsyhania." All male persons above the age of sixteen did repeat and subscribe their names or their marks to the following declaration : "^^'e subscribers, natives and late inhabitants of the Palatinate upon the Rhine and places adjacent, having transported ourselves and families into this province of Pennsyhania, a colonv subject to the crown of' Great Britain, in liopes and expectation of finding a retreat and peacealile settlement therein, do solemly promise and engage that we will be faithful and bear true allegiance to his present majesty, King George II, and his successors, kings of Great Britain, and will be faithful to the proprietors of this province, and that we will demean oursel\-es peaceably to all his said subjects and strictly observe and conform to laws of England and this province, to the utmost of our power." Thirty thousand names, mostly Germans, were subscril^ed to the foregoing declaration between 1727 and 1776. and this record of the provincial council is the only one extant concerning German immigration to Pennsylvania. On the 20th day of Sqjtember, 1749, the ship "Albany," with Robert Brown as master, arrived at Philadelphia. Among the passengers on this ship were Hans Philip Kreighljaum (as the name was originally spelled), Johan \\'ilhelm Kreighbauni and Johaimes Adam Krieghbaum. and on the ship "Brothers," ^^'illiam Mc\^'air. master, which dropped anchor in Philadelphia September 22. 1752, arrived Johannes Conrad Kreighbauni, while the ship "Neptune," which arrived in the same city September 30. 1754, had'as a passenger Ebehart Kreighbaum. The passengers for this place were from Alsace- Lorraine, Darmstadt and Zweibrucken. J. Adam Kreighbaum arrived on the ship '"St. Andrew," on September 14, 185 1, James Abercromby ha\ing been master of the \essel. On this ship were eight Roman Catholics, ten Mennonites and the remainder Calvinists. It is to be noted that not one of the Kreighbaums al;o\ e mentioned was unable to sign his name, in accordance with the provisions made in taking the oatli of allegiance, and thus each came A\ith an education fitting him to take part in the government of his adopted country and to assist in laying the foundaticms of our great republic.

Johannes Adams Krichbaum. the original ancestor, settled on Tolpehocken creek in Berks county, Pennsylvania, before the Revolution, where he became the father of five sons and three daughters. The eldest of his sons, Adam. remained in Pennsylvania, as did also his son John, who occupied the old Pennsylvania homestead. The daughters also remained in Pennsvh-ania. The remaining sons, namely, Peter, John and William, came to Stark county, as near as can be ascertained, about tl^e year 181 1. From these three ancestors have sprung most of the Krichbaums in Stark county, and were the pioneers of the family in Ohio. Peter and William settled in the northern part of the county, and John in the southern part. Peter had three sons and one daughter, namely : Peter, John, Leonard and Motlena. William had two sons and three daughters, name-

!y: J<^lin. George, Christina, Barbara and Katie. The eldest of whose sons, George, was miniissioner of Stark county in 1837 and for :i niiniljer of years thereafter. He married Jxatharine Schutt, and has a large number of descendants in the county. John figures as the ]jaternal ancestor of the subject of this sketch. He settled in southern Stark county, and was married to Elizabeth Emmet, a lady of Scotch- Irish descent, and they were the great-grand- ])areuts of the subject of this review. This ancestor, together with John Sherman, founded and built a Union church in southern Stark county known as the Sherman church, John Krichbaum being the head of the Lutheran church and John Sherman being the head of the Reformed church. John Krichbaum, the eldest son of this ancestor, married Hanna Trau.l, a daughter of Thomas Traul, who was a soldier in the Re\-olutionary army and fought luider the command of Washington and Lalavette; their eldest son, David Krichbaum, was the father of the subject; lie helped his father clear up the lands now known as the Krichliaum homestead. Subsequently by his ' iwn efforts he became a school teacher, attended school at Mt. Union College when the same was still a seminary, and for a number of years taught school. He became later in life a very fine mechanic and had a thriving business as a maker of guns and fire-arms, when he was killed accidentally on the South Market street crossing in the city of Canton on the gth day of January, 1866. He was a man of large influence in the southern part of the count v. and was a man widely read and cognizant with all great public questions. He was married to Sarah Buchtel ; three children were born from their marriage, George, Charles, the immediate subject of this sketch, and Allen.

George has been a teacher in the city of Canton for over twelve years. Allan is a Presbyterian minister; a graduate of the Western Theological Seminary and was for many years the pa.stor of the First Presbyterian church at Barnesville, Belmont county, Ohio. He is now preaching at iVIorenci, Arizona, whither he has been compelled to go on account of failing health. The widow of David Krichbaum is still living in the southern part of Stark county. David Krichbaum was a Democrat and a great friend of Archibald McGregor; he was a Douglas Democrat ; was a man of the highest integrity, and one who held the confidence and' esteem of all classes of people in the county. [Tpon his graduation the subject received the degree of Bachelor of Arts. After leaving college Mr. Krichbaum was employed as a teacher of English, in the Pennsyhauia State Normal School, at Indiana, Pennsylvania, where he remained for one year. Subsequently he was for two years principal of the South Plum street school in Canton, Ohio. It was but natural that one so self-reliant and ambitious should early formulate definite plans for his future life work, and in 1885 Mr. Krichbaum began reading law in the-oftice of Judge William R. Day and Austin Lynch, and later he was graduated from the Cincinnati Law School as a member of the class of 1887, and was duly admitted to the bar of the state in that year. He then returned to Canton where he became associated in the practice of his profession with Henry W. Harter, under the firm name of Harter & Krichbaum, and this alliance continued until the elevation of Mr. Harter to the bench ot the Stark count}- common pleas, the law firm of Harter & Kriclibaum having gained distincti\e prestige and the highest reputation for integrity ond efticiency. Of Mr. Krichbaum one who has noted him well speaks as follows: ''Mr. Krichbaum has shown himself a careful and painstaking lawyer, and has had large experience in state and United States courts. Aside from being a good lawyer, he is well read in the constitutional and political history of the L'nited States and is excelled by few men in scliolarly attainments."

Mr. Krichbaum has always been an uncompromising Democrat and has been a leader in his party. He. was president of the Young Men's Democratic Club of Canton during the agitation of the tariff question, and has been an effective and valued campaign speaker and worker. In iSqc he was the candidate of his party for the office of prosecuting attorney of Stark county, and was defeated by only a slight majority, this being during the McKinley- Warwick campaign. He has ever retained a deep interest in the cause of education ; he served two years as a member of the board of education in Canton, and is frequently called upon to address teachers' institutes in the county. He is widely and favorably known as an eloquent and forceful speaker on a wide range of subjects, historical, literary and political. He is at the present time a member of the board of trustees of his alma mater, W'ooster University, having been elected to that position by the alumni of tlie institution. He is a lueniber of the Reformed church.

Mr. Krichbaum was married, on .Vugust 20, 1890, to Elizabeth Scott Gans, a graduate of Hiram College and the youngest daughter of the lite Dr. D. L. Gans, of Sparta, this county. Mr. Krichbaum is a man of strong and forceful induitluality, is an able advocate and counsellor, being thoroughly read in the science of jurisprudence and in addition is a man of fine literary attainments, and his chai^- acter is one which has begotten the highest conlidence and esteem of his fellow citizens. He was a warm admirer of the lamented President McKinley, Canton's distinguished and loved citizen, and on Saturday, September 28, 1901, he read before the Stark County Bar Association a most beautiful and appreciative memorial address in \erse concerning the martyred President, the tribute being written in chaste and perfect diction.

JOHN L, STONEI^ - Whatever else may be said of the cause of prohibition, no one can justly criticise the disinterested sincerity of the greater part of its advocates, their motives in espousing the cause being seldom either personal or selfish. Their abhorrence of liquor and desire to prohibit its manufacture and sale is in nearly instance the result of patriotic and humanitarian motives and purposes. As in every worthy cause, there may be many unworthy advocates, Imt there is so little incenti\-e to insincerity or hypocrisy in either the cause or its advocacy, that only those who have a motive in doing so, charge them with either. The subject of this sketch, John L, Stoner, of Plain township. Stark county, is one of the most imcompromising and ardent advocates of the prohibition cause. He considers it the leading issue of the da}', of the nation and of the race. In his opinion there is no subject in either politics, religion or law that in any degree whatever compares with it,

John L. Stoner was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, ]\Iay 21, 1831, and was only about one year old when his parents brought him to Stark county, Ohio. In this county he was reared and educated and he has since continuously resided here. In early life he learned the trade of a tanner and for some years followed that vocation, but soon turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, in which calling he has been most successful. He has seen Stark county from his early childhood and witnessed its wonderful growth and development, has witnessed the gradual change of the face of the county from a dense forest into fields- of waving" grain and green pastures and has done as much as any man now living in the county to make it what it is.

John L. Stoner Group

The parents of John L. Stoner were Jacob and Elizabeth (Lieb) Stoner, natives of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and among the very earliest settlers of Stark county, Ohio, having settled here in 1832, more than seventy years ago. The}' were the parents of a large family of children, most of whom grew to mature years, each receiving a fair school education. The greater part of their lives was devoted to clearing, cultivating and improving their land. They were intellectual, moral, dutyloving people, whose lives were ever worthy example to the young generalh', but to their own sons and daughters particularly. Jacob Stoner, through the use of strong liquors, did not make a decided success in life. Liquor was used in the field, and in fact in all works, caus- . ing considerable drunkenness. His children, seeing what the liquor habit had cost their father, they from childhood up have fought the liqui^r ciu'se and have been strong advocates of prohibition. About fifty-five years ago he joined the Sons of Temperance and lived close to its teachings for five years, when through the urgent solicitations of an acquaintance, he liroke the bonds and thereafter was a frequent imbiber of strong drink, having but little luear.s at the time of his death. He died in the eightieth year of his age, while his wife had preceded him into eteruity some years.

Of the land in Jackson and Plain townships John L. Stoner is, with his sons, the owner of some seven hundred acres, and it was by close application to the cause of temperance that they ha\e l)een able to accumulate so large a tract of laml, neither Mr. Stoner nor either of his sons ha\e ever used tobacco or intoxicating liquors since growing to maturity. The greater part of tliis land is well improved and under cultivation, and the farm buildings are large, substantial and conveniently arrangefl. Agriculture and live-stock raising is and has been Mr. Stoner's calling through life and he has been \'ery success tul in both branches of business, the thrift and intelligence he brings to bear upon his business being well exemplified in the arrangements which prevail on all parts of his place and in the condition of his stock. He is an up-to-date, progressive farmer who makes use of every discoxer}' made in the interest of agriculture or stock raising, the result being that he has accumulated a very comfortable competency for himself and family.

On October 17, 1852, John L. Stoner was united in marriage to Miss Sally Essig, a native of Plain township, a lady of refinement, intelligence and judgment, whose many sterling qualities have commended her to her relatives, friends and acquaintances. They are tne parents of three sons, one of whom, Addison, died in childhood : the others are Levi A. and Aaron J., each of whom is well educated, thrift)- and prosperous. ^

In religion, Mr. Stoner is a member of the Lu.tiieran church, but makes adherence to the precepts of the Golden Rule the guide of his conduct in life. He believes in an acti\e religion, one that permeates, governs and rules every thought, action and aspiration in life, that is something more than mere attendance upon church services, prayer and psalm singing, supplemented by a contribution box and a deep and abiding interest in its contents. In the opinion of Mr. Stoner, the one great question now before the people of this country of every faith and of no faith, religious, skeptical or atheistic, is that of prohibition. He believes that, compared with the ex'ils of the liquor trafic of the present day, those of slavery were slight and trivial, and it is a surprise to him that so crying an evil can exist without arousing the slumbering conscience of the jjetter element of the American people. He is confident that there will l;>e an awakening upon .this subject and he is not only patiently waiting the approach of that happy clay, Ijut doing everything that lies in his power to hasten its coming. He is known far and wide for his zeal in the cause, and his neig"l:l5ors, even those who are most strenuously opposed to his views, not only respect his sincerity, Init his sentiments. He feel'i that ever yood cause must have its martvrs, as has been time and again jjroven in the historv of tlie past. In modern times martyrs <ire rarelv called u])on to die for opinion's sake, hut if the\' were, many would be found just as willing to do so now as formerly. Death, hiowe\'er, is not the true test of martyrdom. In the cause of al)olition John Brown was not the only nmrtyr. and doubtless before the real battle of the present issue is fought and won there will lie others: but throughout the entire land, no more earnest, sincere and consistent worker in the cause can lie found than John L. Stoner.

A^\LENTINE L. NEY^was born in the city of Canton, Ohio, on the nth of October, 1854, being a son of Valentine and Elizabeth Xev, l)oth of whom were born and reared in the kingdom of Ba\aria, Germany, where their marriage was solemnized. The former was born in the year i8o_^ and his wife in 1807. In 1S40 they se\-ered the ties which bound them to home and fatherland and emigrated to America, landing in Mew York city, whence they made their \\:\y by railroad to Pittsburg and then onward by wagon to New Baltimore, Stark county, Ohio, in which vicinity Mr. Ney Avas engaged in farming for a period of ten years, and then, after residing for a short interval in die city of Canton, he removed to a farm four miles south of the city, in Canton townshi]). where he remained until 1888, when he retired from acti\e lousiness and again took up his residence in Canton, where he died in the year 1890, at the venerable age of eighty-seven years, his wife having passed away in 1 89 r . at the age of eighty-two years, both having l)een consistent and devoted members of the (ierman Reformed church, while Mr. Xey was a stanch ailvocate of the principles and policies of the Democratic party. Of the children of this union we incorporate the following record : Frederick is a resident of W hitley county, Indiana, and is at the present time incumbent of the office of county commissioner : Catherine is the wife of Charles \ olzer, of Canton: Louisa is the wife of Alexander Howenstine, of this city; Jacob also is a resident of Canton, as is Caroline, the wife of John Frey; Sarah is the wife of John Stucker, of Canton tcwnship: Elizabeth is the wife of John \'olzer, of Canton ; and Valentine L. is the immediate subject of this sketch.

\A'hen Valentine L. Ney was a mere child his parents removed from Canton to the farm four miles south of the city, and there he attended the district schools during the winter terms until he had attained the age of seventeen A'ears, while during the summer seasons he assisted in the work of the farm. At the age of sixteen he entered upon an apprenticeship at the carpenter trade, ha\-ing early manifested a distinct mechanical genius, and he soon became an expert artisan in the line, and for a long term of years devoted his attention to work as a journeyman and a contracting builder, having erected several hundred houses in this section of the state, principally in Stark county, where he attained a high reputation as an. able and trustworthy contractor. In the meanwhile he became the in\-entor of several useful devices in a mechanical line, and in attempting to secure patents on the same was invol\-ed in litigation, which was carried on for about four years, he finally winning out. In 1892 he formed a co-partnership with Rol)ert Oslermeier, tliev engaging" in Inisiness as architects in Canton, as the firm of Xey & Ostermeier, continuing for two years. In 1893 Mr. Ney organized the \'. L. Ney ^Manufacturing Com])anv, for the manufacture of his in- \-entions. he becoming treasurer of the company and continuing- so to the present and it is largely due to his able efforts that the con- cern has attained so great a success, its products iKJw finding- a ready demand in the most dixerse sections of tlie Union. Air. Ney is also largely interestcil in city real estate in the north end. which he is rapidly improving, ^^'hen the impro\ements are completed he will have one of the finest properties in Canton.

In politics Mr. Ney has ever heen stanchly arrayed in support of the principles and policies of the Democratic party, though he has ne\-er desired the honors or emoluments of political office, liis first vote was cast for William Allen fur governor of Ohio, at the time of his nomination for a second term. He united with the Reformed church when fourteen years of age, while his wife is a memher (jf the Methodist Episcopal church.

On the 28th of October, 1890, Mr. Ney \\'as united in marriage to ]Miss Edith Holm, daughter of George and Catherine (Buchtel) Holm, of Canton, and of this union two children ha\e been born, Wendell, who is eight years of age. and \'aleda, aged five years at the time of this writing.

MAiiLON G. MARSHALL. - The original iH'ogenitors of the jNlarshall famih' in this line came from England in the early part oi the eighteenth century, where they made settlement on the Delaware coast and in the state of A'irginia. On the coast of the Old Dominion thus located Aaron Marshall, great-grandfather of him whi_)se name initiates this rexiew, and there he passed the remainder of his life, liecoming an influential citizen of that state, x\ hich has figured as the cradle of so much of ovu" national historx'. His son Joseph, grandfather of the sul)ject, was Ijorn in Virginia, and was there reared and educated. As a young man he emigrated thence to Ohio and became one of the earlv pioneers of Carroll countv. haxing made the long trip o\er the mountains with teams and wagons. He entered a tract of land in that count}-, near the present village of Carrollton, and later removed to a pioneer farm near New Somerset, Jefferson county, where he de\'el(.!ped a good property and gained a position of prominence and honor in the community, lliere he passed the residue of his long and useful life, entering into eternal rest in 1864. at the age of about seventy-two years. ' In the crucial epoch leading up to and culminating in the Civil war he was an uncompromising abolitionist and fearless in the expression of iris sentiments in regard to the abhorrent institution of human slaverv, and he assisted materially in the operations of the famous "underground railwa}-," through the means of which manv a poor slave was assisted to freedom. To tiie humane work noted life contributed liberally both of money and personal service, his greatest desire being to witness the ajjolition of the institution of sla\erv in his native land, while his patriotism was of the loftiest order. At the time of his death two of his sons, Daniel and Silas, w ei'e rendering active service as meml.iers of the Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the Rebellion, so that it is evident that the sentiments of the father found insistent assertion in the minds and ser\'ices of the sons. The paternal grandmother of the subject was of Scotch nativity, her maiden name having been Mary Welch, and she accompanied her parents on their emigration to America when a child. She stu'vix'ed her diusband by a few years, passing away about 1869. Both were members of the Christian church, (irandfather Marshall was originally a \\'hig in politics, Init transferred his allegiance to the Republican party at the time of its organization, as the avowed opponent of ' further extension of slavery.

Daniel Marshall, father of the subject of this sketch, was born on the homestead farm near Carrollton, Carroll county. Ohio, February 2, 1824. and his educational advantages were such as were comn^/jnlv afforded the farmer boys of the pioneer days in this state. He was a boy at the time of his parents' removal to Jefferson county, and there he was reared to manhood. There also \vas solemnized his marriage to Miss Susan Billman, who was born in that county, in 1824, being a daughter of John Billman, one of the sterling pioneers of that county. Daniel Marshall became the owner of a valuable farm near Hammondsviile, Jefferson county, and there continued to be identified with agricultural pursuits and dealing in stock of all kinds until he entered the army to fight for his country. In 1S65 he moved to Bayard, Columbiana county, and a few j-ears later located on a farm near the same place. In 1891 he removed to Minerva, Stark county, where he resided until his death, which occurred on the nth of February, 1901. He was a man of fine mentality and inriexible integrity of character and ever commanded uniform confidence and esteem. He identified himself with the Republican party at the time of its organization and ever afterward continued a stalwart advocate of its cause. His religious faith was that of the Disciples church, in whose work he was active and zealous, and of the same his widow has long been a devoted member. She now resides in the city of Cleveland, and is a type of the noble pioneer women of the old Buckeye state. As before noted, Daniel Marshall served as a soldier during the Rebellion. Of the children of Daniel and Susan (Billman) Alarshall we incorporate an epitomized record at this juncture: Samantha is the wife of Jacob Alman, of Ravenna, Ohio; Clara was first married to C.eorge H. Billman, after whose death she became the w ife of Harrison Close, and they now reside in Hammondsville : ^^largaret T- is the widow of jnlin H. Keith and resides in Cleveland, Ohio; ]\Ialcoim B., who resides in Canton, \\'here he is engaged in the grocery ])usiness, married Mi.ss Celia Thomas; Elizabeth is the wife of Xewton J. Randall, of Cleveland;

Mahlon G., the immediate subject of this review, was the next in order of birth ; Alvin C, who is engaged in the railroad business at Canal Do\er, Ohio, married Miss Nora Hines ; Anna L. is the wife of Thomas J. Thomas, of Cleveland; Albert S., who is engaged in the railroad business at Canal Dover, Ohio, married Miss Jennie Roberts; and John D., who married Miss Caddie Hughes, died in the city of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in January, 1899. Mahlon G. Marshall was born on the old homestead farm near Wellsville, Jeft'erson county, Ohio, on the nth of February, 1857. and when he was se\'en years of age he acco)npanied his parents on their removal to Bayard, Columbiana county, where he was reared to maturity on the home farm. His preliminary educational discipline was received in the district school near the place of his birth, and was continued in the high school at Minerva, Stark county. He initiated his pedagogic career in 1879, when he tegan teaching in the public schools of Mechanicstown. Carroll county, where he remained two years, after which he became a student in what was known as the Mechanicstown Academy, at Mechanicstow n. where he also taught during a portion of the time he was there prosecuting his studies. He was then engaged in teaching for one year in the Hostetter district, in Paris township, Stark county, thereafter taught for one term in the Malvern scliools, after which he was for two years principal of the public schools at Magilolia, this county. He then was matrictilated in the National Pen Art Hall & Business College, at Oberlin, Ohio, where he completed the prescribed course and was graduated in the autun.m of 1884, after which he w^as for one year employed in the freight and ticket office of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Bayard, his home town, and the next year he was engaged in teaching in the schools of that ]3lace. He then returned to Stark county and for the ensuing four vears rendered most effective service as a teacher in the high school at Minerva, wliere he had been engaged for still another year, ]:)ut secured a release from his contract in order to accept the position, in September, 1890, as director of writing and drawing" in the Canton public schools, in which capacity he was retained for the long period of eight years, his efforts meeting with distinctive appreciation. He then accepted his present position as director of the commercial department of the hig-li school, where his able and discriminating serxice has been even more prolific in value to his students. He has the power of imparting knowledge with facility and in creating enthusiasm among his pupils, while he retains at all times their respect and confidence. Thus his success in educational work has been a natural result of his ability in his line coupled with erudition and systematic methods. He is thoroughly en rapport with his work and keeps in touch with the advances made in his profession, while, he holds membership in the (T)hio State Teachers' Association. Fraternally he is identified, with the camp of Sons of Veterans at Minerva, and in politics he is a stanch adherent of the Republican party, while both he and his wife hold membership in the Disciples' church, in whose work they take an active part, he being an elder in the same, and superintendent of the Sunday school.

On the 24th of December, 1884, Mr. Marshall was ttnited in marriage to Miss Laura B. Smith, of Moultrie, Columbiana county, where she was born and reared. She is the daughter of Henry W. and Hannah (McCoy) Smith, the former having been engaged in farming during his active career. The latter was a daughter of Captain Lewis McCoy, who was captain of a company of the One Hundred and Fifteenth Regiment. Ohio \^olunteer Lifantry, during the war of the Rebellion, and who was a man of marked influence in and about Moultrie in his day. Four of his sons were in this regiment during the war, one having been a lieutenant, and all served until the close of the great fratricidal conflict which determined the integrity of the Union. Mr. and Mrs. Marshall have one child, Helen JNIay, who was born on the nth of Januaiy, 1893.

THOMAS McCALL was born in that portion of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, wdtich was subsequently erected into the county of Fayette, the date of his nativity having been March 28, 1809. The original American progenitor in the agnatic line was his grandfather, Barnabas McCall, who was born in Ircdand, whence he emigrated to America about the year 1750, having been a young man at the time. He settled in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and there he married ]\Iiss Mary Newell, a nati\-e of Maryland, and they passed the residue of their lives in the old Keystone state. The maternal grandfather of the subject was W'illiam Robertson, who was a native of Scotland and who came as a boy to America, in the colonial epoch. Here he grew to manhood and he married ]Miss Sarah Hurst, a native of Virginia, while both thereafter resided until death in what is now Fayette county, Pennsylvania. Robert ]\IcCall, father of the subject, was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, on the "th of July, 1776, three days after the signing of that immortal document, the Declaration of Independence. There he was reared to maturity and there he learned the trade of millwright, becoming a skilled artisan. As early as 1808 he came to Ohio and here erected a number of mills, in Columbiana and Stark counties and elsewhere, the same being among the first established in this section of the state. He then returned to Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1818. when, with teams and wagons, he came again to Stark county, for the purpose of making a permanent location. Tiie journey was a long and weary one, as the distance traversed in a day

(lid not exceed five miles in the average case, but the family arrived at their destination on on the 17th of March of that year, locating on a tract of wild land in Sandy township, this county, where they took up their abode in a log house of the type common to the place and period. Mr. McCall did not, however, engage in farming' to any extent, finding it more profitable to devote his personal attention to the work of his trade. His home was the northeast fjnai'ter of section 22, adjcjining the present village of Waynesburg, whose population at that time consisted of four families. ]Mr. Mc- Call became a prominent and influential citizen of the pinncer coninuinity, and was the first man ever elected from Sandy township to membership in the legislature of the state, in which he serxed with signal efficienc\-, being a man of <li-;tincti\-e abilit}-. His death occurred on the old homestead, about the year 1831. J lis wife, whose maiden name was Agnes Robertson, was born in Westmoreland county, J'ennsylvania, and slie died on the homestead farm in the autumn of i(S58. Of the children of this union we enter tlie following record: b)lin (lied at the age of twenty years; Eleanor became the wife of Samued Cameron and died in Cedar Falls, Iowa; Alary Ann remained a spinster until her death, when more than four score years of age; Thomas, subject of this memoir, was the next in order of birth; Robert H., who died in Canton, was treasurer of the county in the early 'forties, and he married Margaret I , a native .of Dublin, Ireland;

Thomas McCall. to whom this tribute is dedicated, was born in Bridgeport, Pennsylvania, the date of his birth having pre\-iouslv been recorded. lie secm'cd his earl\- education.'d tr;nning in ihe schools of his nati\e place, and was a lad of about nine years at the tune of th.e familv's removal to Stark countv. He was of a studious nature and as a 1)oy spared no pains to avail himself of such educational opportimities as were to be had, and after comingto this county he walked back and forth to the little log" sch.ool-house which was fully three miles distant from his home, making the trip through the forest, in which wolves, bear and other wild animals were still aljundant. He gained an excellent rudimentary education, becoming a particnlarlv fine penman, and in the later years of liis life, h\ personal application and by rare pow ens of absorption, he efifectiyely supplemented the somewhat meagre opportunities of his youth. He earh- began an ai)- prenticeshi]) at the trade of millwright, assisting his father in his work until the death of the Intter, when he assumed the management of the homestead farm, where he continued to make his residence until i.S4(), when he moxed to a farm four miles north of Waynesburg, where he remained until 1859, when he came to Canton to enter u]5on the discharge of his duties as countv auditor, to which office he had been elected as the candidcUe of the Democratic party, of whose ])rinci])les he had been a stanch advocate from the time of attaining his legal majority. His term of office expired in 1861, his administration having been a particnlarlv aiile and discriminating one, and he then returned to his farm, to whose cuIti\-ation he thereafter gave his attention until iH/j, when he again became a resideiu of Canton. He had also served most acceptably as land assessor of Canton, Osnaburg, T'ike. Paris and .Sandxtownshi])s. and his public labors were ever discharged with utmost fidelity and ability, gaining him ilie confidence of the people of the count)-.

Boulder county, Colorado; Harriet E., who became tlie wife of a Mr. Prouse and wlio died in Missouri, in iX8j; Tiieodore remains on tlie old homesteail farm: John S. died April 12, 1902, in the Aultman hospital, in Canton; George D. is a representative farmer of Sandy township; Mary Ann died at the age of nineteen ; Robert B. died at the age of twenty-five, and Ellen at the age of twenty-six. On the 26th of June, 1863. ]\Ir. McCall consummated a second marriage, being then united to Mrs. Harriet M. llarrold (nee Reed), and of this union one child was born, Alay M. She was born on the homestead in Sandy township. May 12, 1864, and after pursuing her studies in the district schools she became a student in the city schools of Canton, and was graduated in the high school as a member of the class of 1S82. On the 31st of December, 1890, she was uniifd in marriage to Herbert Cleveland Smart, wlio was Ijorn near \'ienna, Kennebec county, Maine, on the rst of h'ebruary, i860, and who came to (Jhio at the age of twentyone, engaging in the work of his trade in the city of Columbus, whence he finally came to Canton, where he entered the employ of the Deuber-llampden Compau}'. He signalized his patriotism at the outbreak of the Spanish- -American wa.r, by enlisting, on the 8th of May, 1898. as a i)ri\ate in, the Eighth Ohio A'olnnteer Infantry. He accompanied his comnuuul to Cuba, where he remained in acti\-e ser\ice for sex'erni ninntlis. when he was stricken with the prevailing malarial fever and incapacitated, being sent home on the transport "Mohawk," and coming to liis home in Canton, where he died on the iSth of December, 1899, sacrificing his life for his country. He left two children. Robert McCall Smart and Erancis Marion .Smart.

Mrs. Harriet Al. (Reed) McCall, widow of the subject of this memoir, was born in a dwelling whicli stood at the corner of b'iftli and Market streets, in the cit_\- of Canton, on the

4th of March, 1824, so that it becomes evident that she is a membei' of one of the pioneer families of this citv and cminty. Her first teacher was Mary Cross, familiarly known as ".\untie" Cross, who tatigbt in a little log cabin whicli stood on the site of the present Mahafifey block. Elere Mrs. McCall learned to sew and knit and also to spell and read in a somewhat indifi'erent way, and later she had such advantages as ^\ere afi'orded in the schools of the town, which was begininng to increase in iiopulation and facilities. On the 30lh of March, 1843. ^'i*-' \\as united in marriage to John C. Harrold. of Holmes county, this state, and a few }ears lacer, in the memorable days of 1849, ^^^ joined the hegira of gold-seekers who \vere makingtheir way to the new Eldorado of California, and he died near Xe\'ada City, Nevada count}-, t'lat state, in i860. Of this union three children were born, namely : Marv B.. who liecame the \vife of .\. C. h'ry. died in Holmes county. Ohio; Susan died in childhood: and William X. died at Alurfreesboro. Tennessee, on the 3!st of July, 1864, while in service as a soldier in the One Hundred and Fifteenth Ojiii^ X'olnnteer Infantry.

The father of Mrs. JNlcCall was John Reed, who was born in Erederick county, Maryland, on the 6th of M;irch, 1708. and thence his parents remoN'ed to Stark cnunty. Ohio, in 1813, settling near the ])resent \illage of Justus, Sugar Creek l(.)wnship. where his father. Jacol> Reed, entered claim to ouf hundred and sixt\' acres of government land, which was covered with a heavy growth of timber. On the old homestead John Reed was reared to maturit\'. and on tlie 13th of Aprd. 1815, Avhen aliont se\enteen years of age, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary I'ayser. daughter of John Payser, another honored pioneer of the county, and after his marriage John Reed came to Canton, taking up his residence at the corner oi Xinth and Market streets, wdience he subsequently reiiio\-ed ti > the southeast corner of

IMarket and iMflh streets, where he for many years was engaged in the work of his trade, that of saddler and liarnessmaker, utihzing the large front room of his house as a shop. His wife died Decemher 31, 1868, and he passed away on the 2^.th of Septemher, 1871. Their children were as follows : Eliza, who hecame the wife of Jacoh Lautzenheiser, died in Chelsea, Iowa ; Catherine, who married Henry Bockius, died in Canteen, in April, 1901 : John P. died Fehruary 2, 1877, in Canton; Mary, the wife of John P. Rex, died in this city: Plarriet, widow of the subject, was the next in order of liirlh : Susan is dead ; William died in Canton, March 20, 1901 ; Joseph died in this city, Xovemher 20, 18S8; and Margaret is the wife of Amos Bidden, of Canton.

Jacob Reed, grandfather of Mrs. AlcCall, married Ann ]\Iaria Mowrie, both having been born near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was sixteen years of age at the time of the war of the Revolution, and did not bear arms in the great struggle, though he did his part by carrying provisions to the soldiers. His father, Jacob Reed, was, however, a lieutenant colonel under Washington. He was of German descent, and the name was originally spelled Rieth. lie died in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania. ]\Irs. McCall resides in the old homestead in Canton, where in her venerable age she is surrounded by a host of friends to whom she has endeared herself Ijy her gracious and noble womanhood.

EDWIN S. CORRELL. - Teaching is not classed among the learned professions, and "more the pity."' To properly conduct the studies and recitations in a school room the preceptor must be possessed of far more learning, knowledge of human nature and ability to govern, direct and control than is ordinarily displayed by the a\'erage lawyer, minister of the gospel or a medical practitioner. The person who has de\'oted se\'en years of his life to the education of the young in a school room and who has Ijeen successful in that capacity has not only accomplished much fcu" the race, but has disclosed the earnest patience there is in h.is nature. The subject of this sketch, Edwin S. Correll, is such a person. The first years of his early manhood was devoted to teaching and he met with such gratifying success that he continued in the business for seven years.

Edwin S. Correll was burn Decemlier 14, 1863, in Canton township. Stark county, Ohio, on a farm situated about two miles west of the city of Canton. His father was Josiah Correll, a sketch of whose career will be found in another part of this volume, and his mother was Alary Mentzer. Both were natives of Plain township, and were the parents of five children, Charles G., Edwin S., Minnie M., Nettie J. and Lillie L., Nettie dying in the twenty-seventh \ear of her age. Each of the survivors has received a good educatic^n, is prosperous and comfortably settled in life. From childhood Edwin S. Correll has lieen a resident of Plain township, and it was there that he received his early educatimi in the common schools, becoming proficient in all the branches there taught. Eater he attended the university at Ada, Ohio, and qualified himself for the calling of a teacher, which business he followed in his native county for a period of seven years. His work in this line was most satisfactory to pupils and patrons, but, like many others, he found the business most irksome and by no means as remunerative as it should be.

Api'il 4, 1894, Mr. Correll was united in marriage to Miss Mary E.. Firestone at the residence of the bride's parents in Plain township. Her pai^ents were Hiram and Margaret (McDowein Firestone, old and highly respected residents of Plain township, both now deceased. Mrs. Correll is a native of Plain township, bom March 31. 1864, and is a lady of good education and many accomphshments. Two children have lieen born to this union, AVilbur D. and Harrold F., both bright, intelligent lads and giving fair promise of growing" to manhood and becoming worthy, useful citizens.

The farm owned by Edwin S. Correll and upon which he and his family reside comprises one hundred and thirty acres of fertile, well improved land. He is a farmer and stock raiser, and, managing his business according to m.odern methods and with the aid of all the late improvements in machinery, he has been most successful. Mrs. Correll is deeply interested in church work, is a member of the Progress'Ae Brethren church and a liberal supporter of that denomination and every other worthy cause. The home life of the Correll family is all that could be desired. The evidences of happiness and prosperity everywhere abound and the visitor to the home cannot fail to be impressed with the affectionate regard each member displays tow^ard the others. Still young in years, Avith ample means to supply e\'ery want, there is no good reason why the career of Edwin S. Correll should not be even more illustrious than that of any of his ancestors.

JOHN RAEBER, deceased, was a native of the fair and distant little republic of Switzerland, and his character partook of the rugged characteristics of a section where the "mountains still are free; they hurl oppression back and keep the boon of liberty."

He was born in the village of Niederbepp, canton of Bern, on the 5th of July, 1821, being son of Oswald and Elizabeth (Liest) Raeber, the former of who for many years conducted a general store in the little town mentioned. The subject received his early education in the excellent schools of his nati\e canton, in one of the German pro\inces of Switzerland, attending school from the age of six to that of seventeen, and being then confirmed in the German Reformed cliurch, whose faith he has ever held inviolate, guiding and guarding his life through its gracious and beneficent influence. In April. 1840, Mr. Raelier severed the tender ties wliich bound him to home and fatherland and proceed to the city of Havre, prance, where he embarked on a sailing vessel whose destination was New York city. Arriving in the i\merican metropolis he remained one week, after which he came westward to Belmont county, Ohio, where lived a former citizen of his native town. This friend was at the time located in the village of Captina, on the Ohio river. Mr. Raeber found work in the harvest fields during that autumn, and after the season was over he went to Licking county, where he passed the winter with some old schoolmates, who had pre\'iously come to America and established their home in that locality. In 1841, in compau}- with a fellow countryman, he went by boat down the Ohio and Mississippi ri\-ers to St. Louis, Missouri. They were unsuccessful in finding work there and continued their journey, going up the Missouri river and through Iowa. At intervals the subject payed his fare on the ri\-er boats by working as a deck hand, and he also found work for short intervals on various farms. In their travels the two friends encountered numerous camps of Indians, but had no trouble in the connection. Finding no work of satisfactory nature they returned eastward as far as Cairo, Illinois, they embarked on a boat destined up the Ohio, their funds being at this time entirely exhausted. AMiile the vessel was en route its boilers exploded, and twenty or more persons were killed outright, while the boat was entirely wrecked. Mr. Raeber and his companion chanced to be at the stern of the boat at the time of this explosion, and escaped almost bv miracle. They jumped into one of the small boats attached to the vessel and with this managed to make their \va}^ to tiie shore in safety. They next traveled on foot through the state of Indiana, often losing their way and enduring many discomforts and hardships. One night, to escape attack from the wolves, they secreted themseh-es in tlic trunk of a large sycamore tree, where they remained till morning. In the summer of 1841 the two comrades continued their journe}- eastward, our subject giving his watch tn pay his fare to the city of Pittsburg, whde his companion worked his passage to Wheeling, West Virginia, the two becoming se])arated at this time. In Pittsburg Mr. Raeher secured a position in a ])nnting office, where he served an apprenticeship of about three years, gaining a practical knowledge which served him well in his later career. lie remaineil in that city until the great fire of 1845, when he lost all (jf his possessions save the clothing which he wore. He then returned to Ohio and for a time remained with an old schoolmate in I'remcn. Fairfield county. In the fall of the same year he went to Detroit, Miciiigan, where he associated liimself with a Mr. Kaininsky iu estal)lishing the first (Jerman paper ever published in that city, the enterprise enlisting his attention about two years. He then secured employment in translating the annual message of Governor Chase into the German language, being well paid for this work. He Ihcn went to the city of Chicago in search of employnieni. the ])lace at that time giving slight evidence of ever Ijeconiing the magnificent metropolis which it stands todav. He failed to find work .and continued his journev to a point near Jolict, llinois, where he took up fort\- acres ot land, the purchase ])rice being two (l(>llars and lifty cents an acre. I le was accompanied by another young man and they took up their abode ni a log Imt and began tlie work of clearing and breaking the land, succeeding in ])utting in a crop. Mr. Kaeber remained on his embr}-onic farm for a i)eriod of two years, when he grew \\eary of attempting to ward oft the ceaseless attacks of ague, and abandoned his farm and returned to Chicago, where he secured employment in the printingdepartment of the Chicago Times, receiving" the princely stipend of fifty cents per week and board. After a short interval he secured work on a German paper, and he remained in Chicago for some time, and then recei\-ing a small sum of money from home, and as he still continued to suffer from "fever and ague." he determined to leave that section, and accordingly came by boat to Toledo, Ohio, whence he proceeded by canal to Cincinnati, where he \\as employed one year in the office of the A'olksb1att. He then took a position in the office of a German religious paper' in Circleville, this state, where he remained two and one half years. Within this interval occurred an ini.- portant event in his life, for he was there married to Miss Wilhelmina Wagner, who jjroved to him a true hel]Jineet from the initiation of their hap])y wedded life. I'rom Circleville Mr. and Mrs. Raeber went by wagon to Millersburg, Holmes count}-. Ohio, and there he estal)- lished a German pajjcr. which, associated with a partner, he continuetl for nine months. lie then removed to \\'anesburg, in the same count}-. where the citizens of the town and vicinit\- held a meeting and organized a stock coni|)an\- for the purpose of establishing a German i)aper, tlie locality ha\-ing a A-ery large percentage of German population. Air. Raeber was ])laced in charge of the paper, the Deutsche en Plolrnes. the office being e(|nipi)ed with a new press and other accessories required, and for nearly a <leca<le he. conducted the pa])er and printing business with marked success, a liberal sujjport being accorded and the suliscri])- tion list running up to ful!\- fifteen hundred. Mrs. Raeber assisted her husband in the press work and other details and no two jjersons could ha\e been more faithful ;md industrious, for they worked night and da}-, one in hope and

In .\ugust, 1858, Mr. Raeljer reninved liis printing- office to Canton and here resumed husiness by estal^lishing Der Deutsche en Ohio, in whose publication and in handling" of job \\ I >rk he achiexed marked success, securing much of the county printing and Ijeing known as an able writer and as one \\\\n was true to e\-ery contract and to his word at all times and under all conditinns. In 1862 he sold his plant and business to Peter Kauffman, an<l lived ]M-actically a retired life until his death. In I'eliruary, 1862. he returned to Switzerland to \isit his father, whci was \eneral)le in years and in precarious health, but he was denied the prixilege of nnce more greeting his loved su'e. who died while nur suljject was en route, the ocean voyage having consumed twentyone days, the steamer ha\ing been delayed by severe storms. ]Mr. Raeber remained about eighteen months amid the scenes of his childhoo(l. returning to Canton in the fall of 1863. Aliout two years later he was appoined deputy in the office of County Treasurer Steele, during whose admini'^tration he continued in this capacity, as did he later under Treasurers l-"es?ler and Sullivan, his entire period of service thus co\'ering nnie vears. He then establi'ihed himself in rhe insurance business and became agent for twelve ,\tlantic steamship lines and was also commissioned as notary public, an office which he held at the time of his death. ^d^e great loss and bereaxement of the suL>- ject's life was that which came on the jOth of January, 1897, when his lo\-ed and devoted wife, his comiianion and helpmeet for so many years, was summoned into eternal rest, passing forward to the "land of the leal" after a life of self-aljuegation and signal lieautx- in all its relations. The loss to the subject was the more se\cre from the fact that no children were liorn to tlieir union, and his wife was all in. all to him and he to her as thev walketl side

In' side in mutual respect, love and sympathy. In politics Mr. Raeber always gave a stanch alleg'iance to the Democratic party, and bijth through his editorial utterances and his personal influence has done much to further its cause. He was a member of the German Reformed church, as prex'iouslv noted, and liis wife likewise was a devoted and consistent member of the same. He died March 6, 1903.

WILLIAM J. POYSER was biH-n in the parental homestead, at 716 South Cleveland axenue, in the city of Canton, on the 27th of November, 185G, and to the puljlic schools of his native city he is indebted for the excellent educational ])rivileges xvhich fell to his portion as a boy, xxhile later he supplemented this discipline bv a course of studx' in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, one of the most important educational institutions in the L'nion. and xvas graduated as a mem])er of the class of t88o. He then estaljlisbed himself in the practice oi his profession in Canton, successfully continuing operations in the line f(lr a period ot two years, at the expiration of which ex'erits so conspired as to make it seem exjiedient for him to withdraxv from professional work, and accordingly, in 1882, he became associated with his father in the xvholesale and retail lumber business in Canton, under the firm name of John R. Poyser & Son. This enter[jrise xvas conducted under these ausjjices lUitil 1891, xxhen the firm disposed of the business and purchased stock in the Bucher & Gibbs Ploxv Company, of xvhich John R. Poyser xxas made xice-iiresident ;uul the subject of this sketch secretary, of which office he has since remained in tenure. He is knoxvn as a progressive x-oung business man and as a public-siiirited citizen, ex'er maintaining a lixely interest in all that touches tlie welfare and advancement of the city of his natix'ity. In politics he acccjrds a stanch allegiance to the Re- publican party, and he was a member of the finance committee of tlie birthday anniversary memorial held in C anton on the 27th of January, 1903. He is a comunicant of St. John's church, Roman Catholic, and fraternally is identified with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knights of the Maccabees and the United Commercial Travelers. In addition to his association with the plow manufacturing business he is also a stockholder and director of the Canton Foundry S: Machine Company and a member of the directorate of the Dime Savings Bank of Canton.

On the 13th of September, 1882, ]\Ir. Poyser was united in marriage to Miss Helene Buchcr, who was born and reared in Canton, being a daughter of John R. Bucher, who was the founder of the business which eventually developed into the Bucher & Gibbs Plow Company, with whose interests he continued to be actively identified until his death, having been one of Canton's most honored and influential citizens. ]\Ir. and ]\Irs. Poyser are the parents of three children. Edna L., Helene E. and John R.

AUGUST SCHUFFENECKER is a native of the province of Alsace, France, which is now part of the German empire, and was born on the 5th of April, i860, being a son of Martin and Walburga (Ehret) Schuffenecker, both of whom passed their entire lives in the province mentioned, being people of sterlingcharacter and de\out members of the Catholic church. The father was a shoemaker by trade, and this constituted his vocation during the years of his active business career. Of their children our subject is the only one in the United States, and in his native land reside his three sisters and one brother.

Fie worked in a tanner \' until he had attained the age of twenty years and then served an apprenticeship at the butchering business. In 1883, at the age of twenty-three years, he bade adieu to home and native land and set forth to seek his fortunes in America. He landed in New York city on the 22d of July of that year, and thence came directly to Canton, where he worked at his trade for various firiu? and individual projirietors of meat markets until 1892. on .Vpril 4th of which year he entered into business on his own responsibility, l^y opening- his present well equipped market, at 829-831 South Market street. His thorough knowledge of the business and his discrimination in catering to the demands of his customers soon made the venture a very successful one. and two years after inaugurating the same he was enal)led to purchase the business lilock in which the market is located, while in March, IQ03. he efi^ected the purchase of the Mary Cook residence, on South Market street, wliere he has a ])Ieasant and attractive home. He has labore<l indefatigably and is well deserving of the success which has resulted, while he has so ordered his course as to retain the confidence and respect of all with whom he has come in contact. In politics he gives his support to the Democratic party and fraternally he is identified with the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association and the Order of Eagles. Both he and his wife are commitnicants of St. Peter's church. Roman Catholic. On the 20th of ]\Tay, 1890, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Schuffenecker to Miss Katherine Nist, w ho was born in the kingdom of Bavaria, (lermany, on the 27th of September, i86q, a daughter of Frank and Katherine (Steel) Mist, the father having been a farmer in the fatherland. In 1882 he emigrated to America with iiis family, two of his sons having jireceded liini hither, and he took up his residence in Stark county, where he passed tlie remainder of liis life, his death occurring in

Canton, on the Sth of iNIarch, 1892, at which time he was sixty-two years of age. His widow still resides here and is se\'enty-two years of age at the time of this writing. Mr. and j\Irs. Schutfenecker have two children, Mary K. and Victoria R. \\'., both of whom are atten.din^' school.

XDWl PHILLIPS. - The paternal grandfather of the subject was a resident of the village of Gunstadt, in the province of Alsace, France, now a portion of the German empire. There he passed practically his entire life, and in his family were four sons and at least two daughters, three of the sons having been soldiers in the army of Napoleon, one of these being the father of the subject, who was the only one to return to his home. He, likewise, bore the name of Adam, and was born in Gunstadt, France, in 1792. There he was reared to maturity, learning the trade of shoemaker under the direction of his father. During the various campaigns in which he participated while in the army he suffered great hardships, and on one occasion, having been taken prisoner, he and a number of his comrades passed a period of nine days without food of any sort. They finally made their escape, and in their famished condition had recourse to eating the body of a dea"d horse which they found on their way and which was in the last stages of decomposition. Several of the party ate so ravenously of this decayed matter as to cause their death, their sufferings having- been such as to render them quite incapable of judgment according to the normal standard. Adam Phillips finally returned to his home. In Gunstadt he married Miss Magdalena Spiel, and in 1838 they emigrated with their five children to the United States, embarking at Havre, France, on a sailing vessel, which did not drop anchor in the harbor of New York until thirtyone days had elapsed. They came westward to the city of Buft'alo and thence by lake Erie to Cleveland, Ohio, from which point they made their way to Massillon, Stark county, by canal, and finally from that point overland to Canton, so that it will be seen that our subject is, indeed, a representative of one of the county's pioneer families. After passing a few months in Canton the family took up their abode on a small tract of land, on the Bolivar road, in Canton township, where the father devoted his attention to the work of his trade as opportunity oft'ered, while for a period of six years he was employed on \^arious farms in the locality. He then returned to Canton and opened a shoe shop on South Cherry street, between Ninth and Tenth streets, where he followed his trade for a time and then traded the property for a tract of five acres adjoining the town on the southeast, and there he maintained his home until his death, which occurred in 1858. His wife survived him by many years, being summoned into eternal rest in 1880, at the -venerable age of eighty-seven years. Botli were communicants of the Catholic church and were people of the most unwavering integrity, while in politics the father gave his allegiance to the Democratic party. Of their six children all save the youngest were born in France, and of them we enter brief record, as follows : Joseph, who married Agnes Pecher, died in the state of Indiana; Adam, Jr., is the immediate subject of this review; Frances is the wife of George Gonder, of Canton ; Mary, who became the wife of Lawrence Bechel, died in Canton, in 1899; George, who married Mary Herdt, is a successful farmer residing south of the city of Canton ; and Magdalena, who was born in this county, is the wife of Frederick Seikel, 6f this city.

Adam Phillips, to whom this sketch is dedicated, was born in the village of Gunstadt, Alsace, France, on the 26th of February, 1827, and there he attended school until the emigra- tion of the family to America, at which tinie he was a lad of about eleven years. He here continued his studies in the somewhat primitive schools of the day. liut e;irly beyan to depend to a large extent on his own resources. From the age of twelve until he attained his legal majority, he worked during the summer seasons for \arious farmers in this vicinity, and when twenty-one years of age he entered upon an apprenticeship at the blacksmith trade, under the direction of Charles Mesmer. at New Berlin, this county, becoming a skilled mechanic in the line and devoting his attention to the work of his trade for a period of twentythree years, within which time he was located for varying intervals in Canton and Tiffin, Ohio ; Moline, Illinois, and other points. In 1868 he purchased thirty-one acres of land, the tract being now a portion of Westlawn cemetery, and on the land which he thus owned has been selected the site for the erection of the national monument to the memory of the lamented and honored Tresident, William Mc- Kinley. Canton's loved citizen. Mr. Pliillips cleared the greater portion of his farm of its native timber and on the same erected a comfortable residence, wliich he removed to his present farm on disiiosing of the original place, and he has since made excellent improvements on the building, wliich is now a commodious and attractive residence. He took up his abode on his farm in 1870, and there, in connection with his agricultural operations, he conducted a lime kiln and a coal bank on the ])lace, his efforts being attended with a due measure of success. In 1879 he sold the property to the Westlawn Cemetery Association and jjurchased a tract of forty-eight acres on the opposite side of Harrison avenue, to which place he removed his dwelling, as has already been noted. At tlie time he came into possession of his present property the farm was in l)a(l condition, but bv contintious and well directed effort he has improved and developed the same until it is now one of the valuable farm properties of the county, and, though seventy-six }-ears of age, our iKjnored subject still continues in the acti\'e management of his farm, while he also has a blacksmith shop on the place and personally does all needed repair work in the line in cnnncction with the farm, and also shoes his own horses. In politics, though ever free from personal ambition for office, he has shown a lively interest in the questions and issues of the day and has ever g-iven an intelligent and unequivocal support to the principles and policies of the Democratic party, \\hile he and his family are communicants of the Catholic church, being members of St. Peter's parish in Canton.

On the 2 1 St of June, 1855, Mr, Phillips was united in marriage to ^liss Elizabeth Austin, will I was lx>rn in U'ayne county, Ohio, on the 4th of December. i^^J. WHien she was a child her parents removed to Tiffin, Seneca county, and later to a farm ten miles west of that city, where she remained until she had attained the age of sixteen }'ears, her educate linal training lia\ ing been received in the public and parochial schools. From the age of sixteen until her marriage she resided in Tiffin, and she is a \\oman of broad information, having been a close obserx'cr and a constant reader and ha\ ing- gained much by absorption during the long years of her mature life. She is a daughter of John G. and Agnes (Stein) Austin, the former of whom was born in the village of Hesse Cassel, Germany, in the year 1801, while the latter was born in the ])rovince of Bavaria in 1803 or 1804, their marriage having l;)een solemnized in their fatherland, where Mr. Austin had learned the blacksmith trade. Thev emigratefl to the Chiited States with their family abinit the year 1838-40, landing in New York and thence coming forthwith to Ohio, locating on a small tract of land near

Canal Fulton. \\'a_\'ne county, where ]Mr. Austin continued the work of his trade, later passins;' a year in TiHin. Seneca county. While in Wayne county he had entered a tract of eighty acres of land five miles distant from Fostoria, Seneca county, and to this he finally removed," reclaiming- the land from the forest and making good uuprovements on the same. Later he i)urchased and remo\-ed to another farm, of one luuK.lred and sixty acres, located in the immediate vicinit}' of the city of Tiffin, that county, and there he passed the residue of his life, his death occurring in 1888, at the age of eighty-se^'en, ha\ing been a man of remarkable energy and hax'ing continued his active labors up to within about two years prior to his demise. His wife passed away on the loth of June. 1853, lioth liaving lieen consistent meiul;ers of the Catholic church. Of their children we give brief record, as follows : Catherine, the wife of John Unser, died in Tiffin, in Al)ril, 1900: Mary, liorn in 1828, died in that city in 1853; (jeorge and William also are deceased; John met his death as a Union soldier, being killed in the battle of IJulI Run; Elizabeth is the wife of the subject of this sketch; and Jacob, who served three years in the Civil war, as a member of the Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, is now dead.

To Mr. and Mrs. Phillips ha\e been born si.K children, namely: Theodore Joseph, now a resident of Canton, married Mary Burk, of Cincinnati, and they have three children, Edgar R., ]\lary .N.. and Theodore J., Jr. ; George E., a resident of Canton, married Mary Stucker, and they have two children, Paul Adam and Agnes E. ; Flora E. is the wife of Hetu-y Striff, of Wheeling, West \'irginia, and they have had three children, Theodore F. Cdeceased), Cecilia and Irene; William A., of Canton, married .\ntoinette Dannemiller. and they have two chiUlren, Eugene William and John Ferdinand: Henry .Vugustus, of ^^'eston, West \'irginia, married Fulu Miller, one child.

JONATHAN RENICK came of German lineage, the name lia\-ing originally been spelled Renewick. Fie was born on a farm near Darby\'ille. Pickaway county. Ohio, on the 6th of January, 1823. and there received his earlv educational tr;iining- in the district scIkxiIs of the pioneer epoch, his parents ha\-ing been numbered among the early settlers in that section of the state. His father, Thomas Reiiick. was a representative of one of the sterling families of the Old Dominion state of Virginia, where Thomas was born and reared, and whence as a young man he emigrated to I'ickaway county. Ohio, where he developed a farm in the midst of the primiti\-e wilds and there passed the remainder of his life, his wife, whose maiden nam was Tabitha Radclift'e, having been a native of Kentucky. Both died in Pickaway count}', lia\ing become the parents of fourteen children, of whom eleven lived to attain years of maturity. .Vfter iea\-ing the district schools Jonathan Renick continued to assist in the work of the homestead farm, and finally he entered a college in the state of Pennsyl\-ania. where he was duly graduated, and thereafter he took up the study of law and eventually entered a law school in the city of Dayton, Ohio, where Iike\\ise he was graduated, being admitted to the l.)ar at Circle\ille. the county seat of his nati\e county. He was a man of fine intellectual gifts and marked talent in his profession, in wliich he attained jjrestige as one of the able members of the bar of the state, engaging in the active ])ractice of his profession in Circleville and having- there served as ])rosecuting attorney of Pickaway countv. Such was his forceful individuality and such his character that he would have undoubtedly been called t<_) positions of distinctive trust and responsi- bility had his Hfe been spared. He \vas originally a Know-Nothing- in politics, but identified himself with the Republican party at the time of its organization, having been one of the most uncompromising" advocates of the policy of federal government in refusing to permit the further encroachment of human slavery and the secession of the southern states. At the outbreak of the war he tendered his services in tlelense of the Union, but was requested to take a position as a recruiting officer, which he consented to do instead of going to the front in accord with his personal desires. He rendered most \aluable service in the capacity noted, being unrenutting in his application to the securing the recruits, otherwise upholding the hands of the administration, and while he was thus engaged he contracted a severe cold from exiMSure, and the same became attended with complications which resulted in his death, which occurred on the 20th of September, 1862, at Circleville. He was a man of gracious and kindly personality and possessed of a fine physique, being six feet in height and weighing two hundred and seventy-five pounds. He commanded the unmeasured respect of all who knew him, and his death was deeply deplored in the community in \vhich practically his entire life was passed.

At Mt. Airy, in the year 1847, '^^'is solemnized the marriage of Mr. Renick to Aliss Lavinia Graham. After the death of her honored husband Mrs. Renick removed from Circleville to Massillon, Stark county, where she resided for eight years, and since that time she has maintained her home in Canton, where she is cared for in her venerable years by her daughter, Mrs. Alexander, who accords her the deepest filial solicitude. Mrs. Renick is a representative of one of the early pioneer families of Stark count_\\ and her memory links in an indissoluble chain the trend of events from the time when this section was a primitive wild up to the present epoch of peace and prosperity as the twentieth century swings into the cycle of ages. She was born on the old homestead farm, in Jackson township, this county, on the 17th of January, 1826, and completed her educational training in the seminary conducted in Canton by Mr. Goshorn, one of the prominent pioneer educators of the county. She has longbeen a devoted n:ember of the Presbyterian church, and is re\ ered and cherished by a wide circle of friends and honored as one of the noble pioneer \\omen of the community. She has ever remained faithful to the memory of the husband of her }'outh, and her widowhood has now covered a period of more than forty years. Of their six children we enter the following brief record : Emma died in infancy ; Caroline is the wife of West L. Alexander, of Canton, concerning- whom individual mention is made elsewhere in this volume; Mary, who became the wife of Thomas B. Albert, died in Canton in 1876; Matilda died in her twentythird year, Thomas at the age of twenty-nine and Edward at the age of eighteen.

WILLIAAI P. MARTIN. - Jacob Martin, grandfather of the subject, was a native of Hagerstown, Maryland, where he was reared and educated and where he retained his residence until 1821. when he located in Loudon. Mercer county, Pennsylvania, where he was engaged in business for a number of years. In 1834 he removed with his family to Stark county, Ohio, and took up his abode in the village of Navarre, and of this section of the state he continued to be a resident until his death, which occurred in the village of Paris, 'this county, in 1850. His son Rudolphus, father of the subject of this memoir, was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, and was a child at the time of his parents' removal to Loudon, Pennsylvania, where he grew to nianhood, and where he learned the trade of harnessmaking. becoming a particularly skillful workman and haxing the distinction of manufacturing- the first five-ring harness ever produced in the United States, while he was also the first to manufacture the famous Loudon whips, which are still manutactured on a large scale. In 1834 he came to Navarre, Stark county, where he entered into partnership with John Chapman and estahlished a general store. They dis- ])osed of the business at the expiration of about two years and purchased a sawmill a few miles to the east of the village of Louisville, this county, operating the same about four years. Mr. Martin then opened a general store in Paris, this county, while Ezra Smith later became associated with him in the enterprise. Li 1847 Mr. Smith withdrew from the firm and the original owner thereafter continued the business individually until 1868, in which year he practically retired, being succeeded by his sons James M. and William P., who conducted the enterprise successfully until 1877, when they disposed of the same.

In Loudon, Pennsylvania, Rudolphus Martin was united in marriage to Miss Ruhania Uncles, who was l)orn in that state. After his retirement from business he continued to make his home in Paris until his death, which occurred on the 6th of April, 1882, while his loved and devoted wife did not long survive him. for she was summoned into eternal rest on the 6th of the following July. Mr. Martin was converted in the Methodist Episcopal church, but in later years became very liberal in his views, though he ever retained a deep reverence for the spiritual verities, aside from creeil or dogma, and was kindly and tolerant in his judgment, observing the very letter of t!ie golden rule. His wife remained a member of the church until her death. Li politics he was originally a stanch Democrat, but united with the Free-soil party at the time of its organization and was thus naturally led to espouse the catise of the Republican party at hama Martin became the parents of five children, namely: Amanda, who is the widow of Benjamin Estep and resides in Canton : Thomas Benton, who died in 1857; Anna E., who resides in Canton ; James M., of whom specific mention is made on other pages of this work; and William P., who is the subject of this memorial tribute.

William P. Martin was born in the village of Paris, this county, on the 26th of May, 1848, and he attended the public schools of his native village until he had attained the age of seventeen years, thus laying an excellent foundation for the signally active antl successful business career which was to be his. As a youth he began to assist in the general store conducted by his father, and in order that he might more thoroughly fortify himself for practical business life his father sent him to the city of Pittsburg after he left the public schools, and there he entered the Iron City Business College, where he completed the prescribed course and was graduated as a member of the class of 1866. He then retm-ned to Paris and soon afterward he and his brother James acquired control of the business which had been conducted by then- father, as noted in a preceding paragraph, the concern representing one of the most extensive general stores in this section of the state. While still residing in Paris Mr. Martin also became interested in the dry-goods business in the city of Philadelphia. Pennsylvania, being associated with a partner and continuing his connection with the enterprise several years. In 1877 he and his brother disposed of the business in Paris, having been very successful in the conduct of the same, while in the meanwhile the subject of this memoir had given evidence of his distinctive business acumen and prescience b}' making judicious investments in various sections of the Union, having become the owner of valuable property in and about Bismarck, North Dakota. He took up his residence in the city of Canton in

1888. and fnr 'leN-eral years thereafter lie tra\'- eling extensi\-ely, s]jecnlating successful 1\' in improved and unimproved property, in the citv of Duhilh. Minnescita, he and his l)r(itlier James acquired a vahial)le d(Kk property, the same having greatly ajjpreciated in value widi the gTowth and develi'jinient of the city. His husiness affairs vvere ever held well in hand: he was systematic and methodical, never \i(ilated an agreement or tailed to meet an engagement, while he was a stickler for ])romptitude and exactness in all things. He left a large estate and all of his investments were I)roperiv looked after and so classified as to render the management of his affairs the more facile for his devoted wife, who assumed control after his death. Xo man was ever more appreciative of home and friends, and none ever had a more kindlv disposition. He died on the 18th of Decemher, 1901, there having heen no premonitions tliat he was thus to he called from the scene of life's activities in the ])rime of his nohle and useful manhood. He had I)een at his office attending to his husiness affairs and while on the street was attacked witii a severe fainting or dizziness, and soon returned to his liome, and his death occurred six days later. Mr. Alartin was puhlic-spirited and his influence and tangihle aid could a.lways l)e counted u])on in the promotion of all worthy ohjects for the general good of the community. Tn jiolitics he was a stanch advocate of the ])rinciples of the Republican party, hut he never sought ofhci.al jjreferment of any desc'^iption, and such was his strength of intellect that he studied deeply and appreciatively throughout lite, being a wide reader and taking particular pleasure in reading to the members of the family circle.

In the city of Canton, on tlie 1st of August. i88(), he was united in marriage to Miss Kate A. lilake, daughter of the late Patrick Blake, who was born in the city of Cork. Ireland, and who was brought bv his parents to America when an infant. He was for many years a railroad contractor, with headcjuarters in the city of Alliance, Stark county, and met his death as the result of an accident. One year after his marriage Mr. Martin built an attractive residence at 1905 Xortli ]\larket street, and there his death occurred, his wife still retaining her home S(_) thoughtfully provided. Of this marriage one .son was born. Brooke, who is thirteen years of age at the time of this writing and who is a solace and comfort to his widowed mother.

J 1111,11' j. BERNOW ER. - Mr. Bernower was Ijorn m the \illage of Canal Fulton. Lawrence tov nshi)). this county, on the 31st of July. 1837. and was there reared to the age of nineteen years, his educational privileges having been such as were afforded in the public and ]jarociiial scliools, while as a mere boy he assumed individual responsibilities, having become a clerk in the grocery of Timothv Sullivan when Init twelve years of age, wdiile his school discipline under that line was of irregular order. At the age of sixteen vears he was ]>laced in practical charge of the grocery establishment of John P>ames, in his native town, and he retained this incumbency until he had attained the age of nineteen years, when he came to Canton and secured a position as traveling salesman for tUe wbolesate notion house of W. .A. McCrea & Company, wifli which concern he remained tw<_i and one-half vears. while later lie was a commercial salesman for reprirsentative firms in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and Cleveland, Ohio. In 1885 be gave u]i traveling, b.aving determined to establish himself in a ])ermanent business upon his own responsibility, and in that year he l)egan his operations in Canton as a lumber dealer, as a member of the brill n{ U. Holwick & Company. In i8g3 he established his present lumber business in bis own name. Throug-h discriminat- mg management and fair dealing- he has huilt uj) a pi'ospcrons enterprise, having a well e(|uipped plant and ade(inate storage yards on the corner of Cle\'eland avenue and Navarre street and controlling a representative trade throughout the territory ndrmally tributary to Canton. Mr. Berno\\er has lahnred consecutively to attain the goal of success, and has not been denicl a due reward for his well directed efforts, while incidentally he has invariably commanded the confidence and esteem of those with whiim he has come in contact. Though never an aspirant for public oifice he has ever given a stanch support to the principles and ])olicies of the L3emocratic partv and takes a loyal interest in local affairs. His interest in public affairs is demonstrated ijy the fact that he served efficiently as a member of the Canton board of elections for a period of six years. He and his wife are communicants of St. John's church, Roman Catholic, and fraternally he is identified w itli the Cath.olic Mutual Benefit xAs- >(iciation and the Knights of Columbus.

On the 2ist of November, 1888, in the city of Findla}', Ohio, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Bernower to Miss Mary E. Julien, a daughter of Augustus Sylvester and Sarah Gillespie Juhen, of that place.

Regarding the genealogy of the subject, we may say that he comes pf stanch German lineage. His father, Godfrey Bernower, was l)orn in the grand duchy of Baden, Germany, on the 29th of September, 1 81 9, and he was there reared to the ag'e of eighteai years, reeei\-ing his educational training in the excellent schools of the fatherland. As a youth, dependent entirel}' uix^n his own resources, he emigrated to America, making his way from New York to Ohio and locating at Canal Fulton, Stark county, where he worked as a 1>iokkeeper for a number of vears. He served as postmaster of the town for several years, and was a candidate for county treasurer in 1861, having been a man of ability and inflexible integrit}' and having commanded unqualified confidence and esteem in the community in which he so long lived and lal)ored. He was a stalwart Democrat ui politics and both he and his wife were communicants of the Catholic church. He died on the 22(\ of February, 1862. an honored pioneer of the countv. His wife, whose maiden name was Margaret Houk, was likewise a native of Germany, whence she came to America with her parents when a girl, and she died in Canton October 8, 1887, ^^ the age of sixty-eight years. Of this union were born seven children, concerning whom we offer brief record, as follows : Charles W. died in 1875. at the age of thirty-three years; he \vas a member of Company A, One Hundred and Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, at the age of nineteen years: Harriet is the wife 6f William Mullally, of Canton; Elizabeth, who became the wife of Patrick O'Brien, died in the city of Wheeling, West Virginia; Isabelle, who married Daniel Holwick, died in Canton, Ohio, in March, 1899; Margaret is the wife of Christian Fishley, of Canton; Philip J., subject ot this sketch, was the next in order of birth; and John A., who married Josephine Haines, of Fostoria, Ohio, and resides in Canton, is associated with Phih]) f. in the lumber business, the firm name i^f which is the Canton Lumber Company, with \'ar(ls on East North street.

ASA WHITCOMB BALLARD was a nati\'e of the old Bay state, having' been born in tlie town of Peppered, Middlesex county, Massachusetts, on the 15th of December. 1823, and there he reared to maturity, recei\'ing excellent educational advantages for the day. while in his youth he learned the machinist's trade, in which line he became an expert artisan. It is altogether jjrobable that his disci- ]>line in this line was received under the effective direction of his father. A\ho was one of the best machinists in that section of the Union, and vvh(j altaiiicl iji-iikcd prestige in liis cluwen vocation. I ic; accompanied IiIh parcnls on tlicir removal lo the city of I'itlslnirj^', TennHylvaiiia, where he was engaged in ihe work of \m trade lor ;i. nnnilicr of years, and where hin marriage was solemnized in tlie year (^50, lie thereafter conlinned to reside in that city niitil i^sS, I'rior to this, Ix fore the coni|(letifjti of the l'>|>Iiraim Hall maimfactiiring plant in (!antfjn, Ohio, Mr. llallarrl was iniportnned to come to tliis city and assume the forananshi]) <)i one <>i tlie departments in the factory, but hin wife's parents were in advanced yc;irs and needed her attention, .so that she was mr^t relitctant to leave thein, and Mr, F.allarfj thus declined the ]>rr;ffer,e<l position anrl sent his brother Martin to assume the place, the latter so'>n afterward being nnitwl in marriage to Sophia, a daughter of his employer, Mr, l',;dl. In theyefir \H()(), Mrs, I'lallanl's parents having in the meantime l>cen summoned into eternal rest, our subject removed to Canton to accej>t the forcmanship vacated by his Ijrrjther, who fjcoamc »tipefintcndetit of tlic cf/iicern at this time, and he thereafter continued in the employ of the Ji, l'»all C(;mpany tnitil the reorganization of the Irttsiness uu'ler the name of the ('.. Aulfmati Company, and with the new cwicern he remained in active service for a number of y«ir«, until 1884, when he received a strf>ke of j/firalysi», which rendered him partly helpless. So greatly were bis services nccfle/1 and aj;j>reciated, however, that when he had .suffici<:ntly recovered to be able to move a}x>ut, through with difficulty, Mr, Miller, one of the interested ])rincipals in the greit concern by wliich be Itad been employed, came to Mr. liallard and urgefl upon her the propriety of her hushAnd'» continuing in the m?magcment of his Aejmrtment, since this wfjuld di.stract his mind frrmi his infirmities atid prove more in harmony with bis wishes, and the c/^nsiderate and kindly prr/- posal of the com|any was acccjrtcd, anrl thereafter Mr, liallard was carried to atid frou) the

»hop» each <lay for ;i nMinber of years, and until such lime as he became .noenfecrbled as lo render servi<:e nnpossible. 'I litis .'ifter years of faithful and able service Mr, iJallard finally was comjjclled to lay aside lii» active duties and he thereafter remained (jiiietly in his home, receiving the most tender ,'ind solicitous care from his devotcfl wife nntil his death, which occurrefl on the /7th of January, iH«7, at vvliich time he was sixty-six years of age, while thus was realized his wish ih.'it he might be calle/l to the life eternal lx;fore the summons came to his beloved wife. His v/as the faith that made faithful, and he was signally true in ;dl the relations of life, coininandiiig the iinr)ualified confidence anrl high regard of all who knew him, In politics he originally gave his siip ]H>ri ill the Whig parly, but ii|jon the organizati'rti of the Kejiublican party transferred his allegiance to the same and ever afterward remained a stanch advocate ni its principles, 1 Ic was interested in all th;(l tended to promote the ))(i¥,t jnterc«t« of the cr/jiimunily, and scrvfcrl for a iiumlwr of years as a member of the (jioard ofcdncation, Me was one of the ze^tl- '/US and consislent members of the I'irsf I'rcsbytcrjan church, in which he served as rieacon for a long t^-rm of yc'irs, and of which his widow has long been ;i »lev'/(ed iiicinlx;r.

On the 7th of October, (850, in the city of V\ii%\nxrfi, Pennsylvania, Mr, I'.allard was united in hmrriiif^f. to Miss .Margaret Irwin, who was ly<rn in the family homestead, ntt Smith villc str«rt, that city, ofi the (Kih of (''ebrn ary, 1H22, t.>dng a rianghtci; of John and Anna ^VVhife; frwin, both of whom were lK<rn in C'/tinly 'fyr'it/e, Ireland, where they wi'rtrettre'l and c/liicatcd, and where their marriage wa* v/letnnize/l. After the birth of their first child th«ry emigrated from (he l'',nierald Isle t/. America, landing in Ihe rUy of ,\'ew York, whence they proceeded (o I'illilrtirg, f'ennsyl vania, near wfiidi city resided Mr«!, Mary S;mTpv>n, a si».t'T -'' Mr, (rwin. Shortly after rived in Canton and assumed the position of chemist in tiie works of Bolton, Myers & Company, wlio had here estabHshed business in 1875, the concern constituting the nucleus from which has been Iniilt up the present Canton Steel Company. Later the tirm became Bolton. Bulley & Company, and subsequently a reorganization took place and the business was incorporated under the laws of Ohio, the title of the Bolton Steel Company being then adopted, while the next distinctive change was that in\iil\ed in the incorporation of the concern under the laws of Pennsylvania, with the title of'the Bolton Iron & Steel Company, this being the immediate predecessor of the Canton Steel Com]3an}-. the only change being in the name. Mr. Bulley has been consecutively identihed w ith the enterprise during the several changes and has retained a capitalistic interest throughout. The works uriginally utilized Avere erected by a m.dleable iron company, and later were changed to a steel plant under the title of the .Vultman Steel Compan^-. but they had ceased ti) be maintained in operation some time ])rior to the securing of the plant b}- Bnltiin. M}'ers & Company, while ^Ir. Anltman continued to be an interested principal for several years after the organization of the new oi)erating hrm. The original jjlant was e(|uip|)ed with a twehe-inch rolling mill and a few crucible melting holes and one or two hammers, while an open-hearth furnace was installed 1)\- the Bolton & Myers Company soon after they secured control of the ])lant. this liaving been among the first furnaces of this class built in the United States. The plant has been continuously enlarged, to meet the demands placed upon it. and at the time of this writing its equipment includes three melting furnaces, three mills and an adequate batterv of the best type of steam hammers. The output is comprised entirely of high-tempered steel, and a large quantity of steel and mining drills are annually shipped to the most diverse sections of the United States, Canada and Me.xico, wdiile the balance of the prodtict is utilized almost entirely for the manufacturing of springs for railway cars and x'arious lines of ^'ei^icles, a large ])ercentage of the carriages and other conveyances made in the United States beiiig equipped with springs manufactured from the steel produced in the works of the Canton Steel Company. At the time of the inception of the enterprise the ]iractical superxision nf the works was ]jlace<l in charge of (_)gden Bolton, who continued to e.xercise such functions tmtil 1884. when he dispo.sed of his interests to Colonel J. J. ^'oung. of Pittsburg. Pennsylvania, who contintied in the actixe supervision of the works until his death, in 1893. since which time Mr. Bulle\' has been the general manager, while W'iliiam \\. Young, a cousin of Col(.)nel ^'oung. has held the <iffice of sujjerintendent since i88t.