Cardington Township (part 10 of 26)

ALFRED J. BATTEY, farmer; P. O., Cardington; is a native of Yorkshire, England, where he was born Aug. 4, 1838; the son of John and Sophia Battey. He came to America in July, 1850, with his parents; they landed at New York, and came direct from there to Morrow Co., where Alfred J. has since resided \Yith the exception of three years, that he has spent in the late war. His mother died in 1878; his father is yet living. Mr. Battey entered the army Aug. 9, 1802, and was actively engaged in some of the liardest contested battles of the war - such as the seige of Vicksburg, battle of Jackson, Miss, and was wounded by being shot through the right shoulder at the battle of Grand Coleau, which unfitted him for service; he received an honorable discharge July 1, 1805. Since the war - except two years, was spent in school, and teaching - Mr. Battey has followed farming. He was married Dec. 13, 1808 to Miss Almira M. Vanhoute, whose parents were born in New Jersey, and came from Pa. to Ohio; from this union there are three children; Martha J., Sophia M. and PJmma A. Mr. Battey purchased fifty five acres of land in 1870; the most of which he has improved. He began business for himself depending upon his own resources, and now has a good and comfortable little home. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church, he is a Republican.

ANDREW CLICK, farmer; P. O., Cardington ; was born in Fairfield Co., Oliio, in 1814; his parents were natives of Pa., and came to Fairfield Co. about 1808, where they lived until 1833; they then moved to Franklin Co., and both died there in 1861. About 1843 Mr. Click came to Morrow Co.; was married in 1837 to Sarah Alspach, whose parents were early settlers in Fairfield Co., and came to Franklin Co. previous to the Clicks; from this union there were eleven children, three of whom are now dead; they had one son, John H., in the late war, as member of the 9Gth Reg., O. V. I.; after two years he died, while yet in the service of his country; Mr. Click purchased a farm of 106 acres, in Lincoln Tp.; when he first came to the county this land was densely covered with timber; this he cleared off, and turned the wilderness into cultivated fields, thus establishing a home for the enjoyment of himself and of those who came after him.

A. H. CUNARD, farmer; was born in Morrow Co. Aug. 22, 1845; son of Stephen and Vashti Cunard, who were natives of Loudoun Co., Va., and came here at a very early day. Mr. Cunard passed his boyhood days on a farm up to the time he entered the army during the late war, when he enlisted Aug. 27, 1861, in the 31st Reg. O. V. L In this organization he served three years, and received his discharge Sept. 19, 1864; while in this reaiment he took part in the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rosacea, Rome Geo. and others of less importance; he enlisted a second time in Co. G, 187 O. N. G., Feb. 25, 1865, and was discharged Jan. 20, 1866. During all this service, and with all the engagements participated in by him, he passed through unscathed. Mr. Cunard was married March 3, 1873, to Miss Virginia A. Craven, whose parents are old residents of Morrow Co., originally from Loudoun Co., V. From this union there is one child, Ora Vashti. Since the war he has been generally engaged in farming and owns a homestead of 87 acres, which is pretty well improved.

xMRS. HARRIET M. CADY, Cardington; was born in the State of New York, in 1813; daughter of John H. and Julia (Robinson) Warner; she has been married twice. Her first husband was Leander Benson, to whom she was married in 1831; he was also a native of York State, where he was born in 1809. After their marriage they came to what is now Morrow Co. with his parents; he purchased a farm of 200 acres in Lincoln Tp., which he cleared and improved, and upon which she still resides. From this marriage there were eight children, three of whom died in infancy; those living are Daniel, Henry, John H., Adaline and Ada A. The father died in 1856. Mrs. Cady lived a widow two years, when, in 1858, she was married again, her second husband being Parley R. Cady, who was born in Vermont, Aug .4, 1815; he went West in 1837, and settled in Cardington, where he only remained a short time. His first wife was Sophronia Grandy, whose parents were natives of Vermont. They had five children, all of whom are yet living - Norman W. Lucius S., Myron, Mary L. and Hattie M. Their mother died in August, 1857. Mr. Cady was raised on a farm, but has since followed various occupations; he purchased a farm of 47 acres, near Cardington, which he cleared, and afterwards sold; he then purchased another of 87 acres, which he also cleared, and subsequently sold. Mr. and Mrs. Cady are members of the M. E. Church.

WASHINGTON FLEMING, farmer; P. O., Cardington; was born in what is now Morrow Co., March 27, 1827; son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Wyan) Fleming, who eame from Pennsylvania to Ohio about the year 1816. Their family consisted of seven children, two of whom are now dead. Washington remained with his parents until of age, living in Peru Tp. until fifteen years of age, and in various parts of Delaware Co., finally moving to Morrow Co.; the first year after his majority, he worked for his father, for which he received $8.50 per month; he was married Nov. 15, 1849, to Miss R. A. Minter. Her parents were early settlers of Delaware Co. Her father was a native of Kentucky, and mother of Pennsylvania. Mr. Fleming's father gave him 80 acres of land, in Lincoln Tp., to which he added twenty acres more; the most of this land he cleared and improved; he now owns 170 acres; on this farm he has expended over $1,600 in drainage, of which he is now reaping the benefit of surer and increased crops. They have no children of their own, but have an adopted daughter, Flora A.,

JAMES GARDNER, farmer; P. O., Cardingtoii; was bora in Ireland, Dec. 18, 1821. He came to America with his parents, Andrew and Margaret (Emmerson) Gardner, in 1823; they landed at New York, and from there went to Clinton Co., in the same state, where they resided until 1833, when they came to Licking Co., Ohio, and in 1840 came to Morrow Co., where our subject has since resided, and where his parents died. His father was a weaver by trade, a businsss he did not follow after coming to America; his father was born in 1811, and mother in 1818; the father died April 25, 18G2, and the mother May 18, 18G7; James was raised on a farm, and has always follo\ved farming for a l)usiness; his early life was spent at home on the farm; he received limited education, and at the age of 21 began business for himself. He was married twice; the first marriage was Nov. 24:, 1842, to Frances Coffman. She was born May 1), 1823; her parents were natives of Va., and came to Morrow Co. in a very early day. From this marriage there were five children - Peter P., born Sept. 7, 1843; William E., Oct. 10, 1845; Albert G., Oct. 22, 1847; James F., July 30, 1851; Margaret E., June 15, 1858. The mother of these children died March 30, 18G9.

Mr. Gardner remained a widower until April 10, 1870, when he married Mrs. Jane (West) Biggs. Her parents were natives of Pa. and came to Morrow Co. in a very early day. Her father was born June 3, 1809, and mother March 11, 1808, and she was born June 18, 1838; she had one child by her first marriage, Dennis E. Biggs; he was born Jan. 1, 1860. She also has one child by her last marriage, Charles W., born April 22, 1874. Mr. Gardner began business for himself in the woods, and almost entirely upon his own resources; but by hard work and perseverance, iie has accumulated enough to keep him comfortably through the balance of his days. He and wife are members of the Baptist Church; his first children are all married, and doing for themselves.

(Groves) Gardner. His father was born near I'aisley, in Scotland, and came to America during the Revolutionary War; he was a soldier in that war. He was born in 1750, and our subject's mother was born in Pennsylvania, in 17G9, and her parents were born in Holland. Mr. Gardner is the youngest of a family of twelve children; there are oidy four of the family now living. His parents came to Morrow Co., O., in a very early day; they settled in Peru Tp., there being only three or four families in the township at the time they came. His father died in Feb., 183G; and his mother in 1847. He was raised on a farm, and resided with his parents until their deaths; he received a common school education; was married in 1847 to Mary Wiseman, whose parents came to Morrow Co. from Crawford Co., in about 1843; they were natives of Pennsylvania. She was born March G, 1828; her father was born in about 1783, and mother in 1795. From this union there were nine children, five being dead, those living are Zachary, Winfield S., Maggie A., Albert, John F., Lola M., Oscar M., Alary A., Nellie R. Mr. Gardner began business for himself entirely upon his own resources, and all that he has was made by himself. He served eleven months in the late war, enlisted July 25, 18G1, in the 2Gth O. V. I., Co. G; was discharged June IG, 18G2. He and his wife are members of the U. B. Church.

BENJAMIN GREGORY, farmer, P. O., Bennington; was born in Vermont, Feb. 12, 1820; the son of Selah and Mary (Wheeler) Gregory; the mother died in Vermont, and tlu; father came west in 1833, bringing Benjamin with him; he then purchased 300 acres of heavily-timbered land in Lincoln Tp.; this he cleared, and has brought it under good cultivation. Benjamin is one of eleven children, only two of whom are now known to be alive. He resides on part of the farm that was purchased by his father on coming to the county, there being 120 acres as his portion, which is well stocked and in fine condition for successful farming. Mr. Gregory was married July 2G, 1858, to Miss Emily Vansickle, whose parents came from New Jersey at a very early day. In their family there are four children: James H., Alice M., John F. and Augustus C. Mr. Gregory and wife belong to the M. E. Church;

A. L. GANO, farmer, P. O., Cardington; was born in Morrow Co., Ohio., March 6, 1854. His father was a native of Portajre Co., Ohio, and the mother of Virginia; they settled in Lincohi Tp., where they resided until 1873, when they moved to Carding-ton Tp., east of Cardington. A. L. Gano now lives on the old farm; he resided with his parents until 18 years of age; he is now living with his second wife, to whom he was married Oct., 29, 187G; her name was Lily Shoemaker; her parents were old settlers of Morrow Co. From this union there is one child - Gracie. Mr. Gano has a nice little farm, well suited for snug, careful farming; he having been brought up to this occupation, knows how to perform its duties to the best advantage.

GEO. M. D. HYMES, farmer; P. O., Cardington; was born in Md., June 14, 1846; son of Samuel and Barbara Hymes, who were also natives of Maryland; his father is yet living, but his mother died in 18G5. George M. resided with his parents until IG years of age, at which time he came to Morrow Co., where he worked at the carpenter's trade for a short time, and in 1864 enlisted, and went into the army July 24, and was in Co., A., 174th regiment, and served until July 8, 1865; he was in a number of engagements, but was fortunate enough to come out unharmed. After the war he came back to Morrow Co., where he has since resided, and worked at his trade until 1878, when he moved on a farm, a business he is now following. He was married Sept. 8, 1869, to Alvira Henry, whose parents were early residents of Morrow Co. ; from this union there were three children, one of which is now dead. Leota V., William C, and Effie. Mr. Hymes and wife are members of the U. B. Church.

M. H. HICKS, farmer; P. O., Cardington; was born in York State, Onondaga Co., Sept. 11, 1834; the son of John and Orilla (Fosmer) Hicks, natives of York State; he was raised on a farm, and received the advantages of a common school education; he was married Sept. 9, 1857, to Miss Clarinda M. Hammond, whose parents were old residents of Morrow Co.; from this union there are two children - Rollin B., and Rhoda O.; Mr. Hicks served nearly three years in the late rebellion, as a member of the 121st O. V. I.; he enlisted Aug. 11, 18G2, and was discharged June 18, 18G5; some of the battles in which he participated are those of Marietta, Rome, Kennesaw Mts., and Atlanta, besides others of less note; passing through all those sanguinary conflicts unharmed from the enemy's bullets, he fell a victira to the exposure and unhealthy climate, and has never regained his health to this day; since the war he has been engaged in farming; he has forty-four acres of land under cultivation, and the usual concomitants of a well regulated farm as the fruits of his industrv.

SEYMOUR HOWARD, farmer; P. O., Cardington ; was born in York State Jan. 3, 1823, the son of Levi and Mary (Stratton) Howard, who were natives of Rutland Co., Vt., from which place they went to York State and afterward came to Ashtabula Co., O., where they resided until 1846, when they moved into the present limits of Morrow Co. Here the father died March 28, 1852, and the mother May 28, 1857. Seymour lived with his parents until of age, receiving a common school education, when he began business for himself. He was married April 4, 1847, to Eliza Jarvis; her father was born in New York City and her mother in New York State. They went to Pennsylvania and came from there to this part of Ohio at an early period; her mother died Feb. 7, 1847, and her father in Dec. 1856. From Mr. Howard's union with Miss Jarvis there were seven children, five of whom are now dead. Those living are Eva E. and Frederick P. He started for himself empty-handed and has made all he now poi^sesses by industry and economy; he owns a farm of 108 acres, has held several township offices, such as justice of the peace and assessor. His wife is a member of the Christian church. Mr. Howard's father was born March 3, 1782, and his mother Sept. 14, 1780.

C. F. HAMMOND, farmer and stock-raiser; P. O., Cardington; came to what is now Morrow Co. with his parents in the year 1841, from New York State, the nativity of parents and son; the latter was born May 18, 1834; the former, Chauncy and Rhoda (Davenport) Hammond, at first, on coming West, kept hotel in Westfield, and subsequently purchased a farm in Lincoln Tp., which is the present home of C. F. Hammond. The mother died Dec.

27, 18G3, and tho father in August ISTL Mr. Hammond has been occupied in agricultural pursuits tliroug-h the greater portion of liis life; however, f(jr a period of three years he varied his calling by working at the carpenters' trade; Aug. 2, 1857, he was married to Miss Koxy Manville; her father was a native of Pennsylvania, and came to what is now Morrow Co. in 18L"). Her mother was also early in this county. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Hammond has been j)roductive of six children - Mary B., Rhoda (3., Ivali K., Myrtle F., Chauncy C. and Lena G. As an auxiliary to his farming, Mr. Hammond has been quite an extensive dealer in stock, buying and sliipping in considerable iiuantities. Having starte<l in life with no aid, he has generally been successful in his business, and is now in the enjoyment of a reasonable competency; his farm of 220 acres is in good condition for prosperous farming, being well equipped and stocked - sheep receiving the most attention in that line. A saw-mill, which is appreciated by the neighbors in tlie surrounding country, is located upon the farm, and forms a valuable adjunct to the other interests.

F. M. JAMES, farmer; P. O., Bennington; was born in Virginia, Feb. 6, 1823; son of ])avid and Charlotte .lames; the father was a native of Virginia, and the mother of Maryland; they came to Morrow Co. in 1836, wliere they resided until their death - the father May 24, 1858, and the mother Sept. 19, 1809. Mr. James' youth was spent at home, and at the age of 19 he went to learn the wagon-makers' trade - a business he followed for about ten years, after which he purchased a farm in Lincoln Tp., and has been following farming and stock-growing since. He was married aljout 1844, to Miss Anna Barnard, whose parents were natives of Vermont, and came to Ohio about 183G, and are both living. From their marriage they have three cliildren - Eiizalieth, George B. and Edmund. Mr. .lames owns a farm of 100 acres, most of which he cleared and improved; he has resided in Lincoln Tp., about thirty-one years; previous to coming here he lived in Peru Tp. twelve years, making 43 years in the county; being but a wilderness at the time of settlement, they have seen it improved to its present civilized condition. Mrs. James is a daughter of Edmund and Laura Barnard; she

T. A. LIGGETT, farmer; P. O., Cardington; was born in Muskingum Co. Ohio, Sept. 4, 1832; his father was a native of the State of Delaware, and his mother of Pa., they came to what is now Morrow Co. (at that time Delaware Co.), in 1833, where they lived until their death, with the excej)tion of al)out one year, which they spent in Summit Co., going their in 1844, and returning in 1845. The father died in Oct., 1855, and the mother Jan. 12, 1879. Mr. Liggett is of a family of nine children; he was married June 2S, 185G, to Miss Sarah A. Howard, whose parents were natives of New Jersey, and came to Morrow Co. in a very early day. She was born Jan. 14, 1833; from this marriage there are six childien - Lettie, born Nov. 24, 1857; Marv E., Jan. 1, 18G0; Sarah R., Feb. 17, 1862; Rose E., Oct. 20, 1864; William W., Feb. 3, 1867; Louis, Dec. 27, 1869; Mary E., died Sept. 8, 1861. Mr. Liggett continues stock raising, with that of farming, and owns 183 acres of well improved land; the fruit of his industry and good management. He has held the office of Jvistice of the Peace in Lincoln Tp. for nineteen years, and is still performing its duties. Mr. Liggett, together with others of the name, are of Republican antecedents. Four of his brothers served in the late war, two of whom sacrificed their lives in tlie cause. He has comfortalile surroundings, and is a respected member of the community in which he lives.

EZRA LIGGETT, farmer; P. O., Cardington; was born in Morrow Co., Ohio, Dec. 9, 1850; was raised on a farm, and received a common school education; with the exception of a short time that he spent in the West and at the Black Hills, he has followed farming, and now owns a greater portion of the old homestead, the farm that his father purchased when he came to the county; he was married Oct. 4, 1877, to Miss Clara A. Clouse, whose parents were raised in Franklin Co., Ohio, but came to Morrow Co. a number of years ago. Mr. Liggett's father died Oct. 21, 1855, and his mother Jan. 12, 1879. Further reference to them is made in the sketch of T. A. Liggett.

JACOB NICHOLS, fanner; P. O., Benning- ton; was born in Loudoun Co., Va., March 29, 1815; his parents were also natives of Va., where they lived aRd died; the father was born April 24, 1769, and died March 1, 185G; the mother was born about 1779, and died in 1843; Mr. Nichols was married ^Iarch IG, 1837, to Miss lanthe Smith, whose parents were also natives of Va.; Mr. and Mrs. Nichols have had four children, one of whom died in infancy - Mary F. was born March 27, J 840; George T. June 21, 1842; William H. Dec. 28, 1845; the mother of these children died Sept. 16, 1864; Mr. Nichols married his second wife. Miss Peace Mosher, Oct. 19, 1865; her parens were natives of York State, and are very old residents of Morrow Co., where they still live; from this union there are five children, the eldest, Edith, was born Nov. 2, 1866; Sarah, April 2, 1868; Gideon M., Dec. 28, 1869; Isaac, Nov. 9, 1872; Robert, Dec. 15, 1878; Mr. Nichols began at the age of 20, to work for his father for wages, and at his marriage he received 8400; most of his present possessions ai"e the result of his own hard earnings; he came to Morrow Co., Ohio, in 1855, and purchased the farm he now lives upon; he now owns 252 acres of well improved land; he pays considerable attention to stock raising, making sheep a specialty; Mr, Nichols is a member of the Society of Friends, being devoted in his daily walk in accoi'dance with his belief.

PETER PERKINS, farmer; P. O., Cardington; was born in Belmont Co., Ohio, Feb. 8, 1819; his parents were natives of Virginia, and came to Belmont Co. about 1804, where they lived the balance of their days. Here Peter Perkins lived until 1847, when he came to the present county of Morrow, and purchased the land upon which he still makes his home. It was then in the woods, but by his energy and thrift he has turned it into pleasant fields, from which he reaps the benefit of his days of toil in bringing it under cultivation. He was married in 1842 to Miss Emily Russell, whose parents were also natives of Virginia, and came to Belmont Co. at about the same time of the Perkins family. From their marriage there were ten children, three of whom are now dead. Mr. Perkins had two sons in the late war. The^^ went out in 1804. One of them, Isaac, died in a few months thereafter; and the other, Jephtha, served till the close of the war, and returned to his home. Mr. Perkins began business at the bottom of the ladder, and can appreciate a home built by his own hands, having comfortable surroundings.

JOHN POWELL, farmer; P. O., Cardington; was born in Delaware Co., O., Feb. 10, 1830; he is of Wels|h descent; his parents were born in Fairfietd Co., O. They came to Delaware Co. in a very early day, where they resided until 1833, at which time they came to Morrow Co. Mr. Powell was raised on a farm, and resided with his parents until of age, at which time he began businesss for himself. He received a common school education; he was married Dec. 20, 1849, to Mary E. Stephens, whose parents were very early settlers in Morrow Co.; from their marriage there were eight children, two of whom are dead; Peter C, Margaret E., George M., Isaiah D., Clement L. V., Sanford D., Maria E., John W. Mr. Powell began business for himself entirely upon his own resources, and made all he now has, by hard work and economy; owns a farm of 170 acres of well improved land, and is in comfortable circumstances.

G. W. ROBY, farmer; P. O., Cardington; was born in Virginia July 11, 1817; son of Thomas and Sarah (Kelly) Roby, who were also natives of Virginia. They came to Perry Co., O., in 1819, where the mother died in 1831. In 1836 the father and his family came to Morrow Co., O., where a number of the family still reside. The father married again and went to Wisconsin, where he died Jan. 20, 1877. G. W. Roby was raised on a farm and received a common school education. He was married Dec. 17, 1840, to Nancy Fickle, who was born April 3, 1813, in Perry Co., O. Her parents were natives of Perry Co. also. From this union there were four children, one of whom is now dead. Rebecca J. was born Sept. 21, 1841; Sarah H., May 24, 1843; Thomas B., Oct. 20, 1844, and Dortha A., July 13, 1845; Sarah H. died March 6, 1866. Mr. Roby began business for himself entirely upon his own resources, and made all he now possesses by his own hard work and economy; he owns 100 acres of well improved land, all of which was cleared and improved by himself. He had one son, T. B. Roby, in the late war; his family are now all married off

JOSEPH RUSSELL, farmer; P. ()., Cardington; was born in .Miami Co., ()., Dec. 14, IS'^:}. His father was a native of South and his mother of Nortii Carolina. The father went to Miami Co. in about 1808, where he was married to Tamar Mendenhall, whose parents came to the same county in an early day. From this marriage there were ten children, three of whom are dead; Joseph is next to the oldest of the family. He resided with his parents until of ago, at which time he began business for himself. He has been married twice; his first marriage was Nov. 13, 1S51, to Ann Bunker, whose parents were old residents of Morrow Co.; she was born May 25, 1828; from this union there is one son - William H., born June 20, 1853; she died Dec. 31, 1855. Mr. Russell lived a widower until Feb. 12, 1857, when he was again married. His second wife was Pruscilla A. Buck; the history of her parents will be seen in this work; she was born July 25, 1827. Mr. Russell has always followed farming and stock raising; he owns about 32 acres of well improved land, and is in good, comfortable circumstances. His father died Oct. 18, 1873, and his mother in December of the same year.

CHRISTIAN STOVENOUR, farmer; P. ()., Cardington; was b(»-n in York Co., Pa., J^ec. 10, 1803; his father was a Prussian, and came to America about 1792, and shortly after to Pa. Mrs. Stovenour is of German descent; was born in Pennsylvania. Mr. Stovenour came with his parents to Muskingum Co., Ohio, in 180G, where they remained until 1829, when he came to what is now Morrow Co., which has been his home to the present day. At the time of settling here, there were but a few families in the neigh})orhood. He bought 100 acres of land in Harmony Tp., Delaware Co., which he partly cleared. He sold this farm and came to Lincoln Tp., where he purchased 150 acres of timlx'r l;.\nd, which he has br(?ught under good cultivation, and added to it, until he now owns 260 acres, all of which with the aid of his sons, he has cleared and turned to his advantage. He was married in about 1828 to Nancy Sowers, who lived but a short time,

IRA A. SWART, farmer; P. O., Cardington; was born in Wayne Co., Ohio, March 14, 1847; his parents, James aed Rose A. (HaflFhill) Swart, were natives of Va.; they came from Va. to Wayne Co. at a very early da}'^, where they resided ni'.til 1805, when they moved to Homes Co., Ohio, where they yet live. Ira A. resided with his parents until 14 years of age, at which time he went to learn the shoemaker's trade, a business he followed 19 years; he was married Dec. 12, 1809, to Minerva Porter; her parents are natives of Holmes Co., Ohio; they have a family of four children - Luna M., Mary A., Ira A. and James M.; Mr. Swart did not go with his parents to Holmes Co., but remained in Wayne Co. until 1880, when he came to Morrow Co.; he has quit his trade, and is going to make farming his business for the future; he served nine months in the late war - went out in Jan., 1803, and received his discharge in Oct., 1803.

C. H. SAGE, farmer; P. O., Cardington; was born in the State of New York, .lane 7, 1818; is the son of James R. and Ada (Baker) Sage, who were married at the early ages of 18 years, 0 months, and 10 years, 0 months. Mr. Sage received a good common school education. In 1830 he came to Morrow Co., and kept hotel in Mt. Gilead for about four and a half years; he also followed school teaching, which profession he principally followed in the winter seasons of the year. He went to Knox Co. in about 1841, where he remained until about 1845, when he" returned to Morrow Co., where he has since lived. He purchased a farm two miles south of Cardington, most of which he cleared and improved. He was married in about 1845 to Miss Sarah

A. T. STOCK, farmer; P.O., Cardington; was born in Columbiana Co., O., Jan. 10,1851. His father was born in Oldham, England, and came to America in 1817, and shortly after to Colund)iana Co., where he was married to Eliza Ashton, Jan. 2, 184:4; she was born Jan. 16, 1810. The father died in Sept., 1870, A. T. Stock came to Morrow Co., O., in 1867, and since the death of his father, his mother has made her home with him. He was married Jan. 19, 1871, to Mary A. MilHgan; she was born in Morrow Co., July 31, 1850. Her father, Jesse Milligan, was born in Stark Co., O., March 5, 1818, and her mother, Ruth Milligan, was born in Columbiana Co., July 31, 1819. They were married June 1, 1837, and came to Morrow Co. in 1846, where they still live. The Milligans are of Irish descent, and the first of the family came to America in 1785, settling in Pennsylvania, where they remained until 1812, when they came to Stark Co., this State. Thomas Ashton, the grandfather of Mr. Stock on his mother's side, was born in Springfield, Buck Co., Pa., April 28, 1766. Martha (Marsh) Ashton, his wife, was born in Chester Co., Pa., Apr. 19, 1783. They were married May 12, 1802. He died in Columbiana Co., O., March 1, 1840, and his wife died June 13, 1867. Mr. and Mrs. Stock have five children - Richard, born Oct. 2, 1871; Bertha, June 15, 1874; Jesse. March 19, 1875; William, Sept. 13, 1876. The youngest is unnamed, and was born March 20, 1880. Mr. Stock owns a nice little larm, well improved, and is a respected and substantial citizen of the county.

S. M. SMITH, farmer and stock-grower; P. O., Cartlington; was born in Harmony Tp., Morrow Co., Ohio., April 29, 1838. His father and grandfather were born in Connecticut; the first in 1796, and the latter in 1752. In 1796, the year of the father's birth, the grandfather, with his family, moved to Luzerne Co., Penn., (now Wyoming Co.) where the grandfather died, in 1822, and wliere the father lived until the death of his mother, which was in about 1811, at which time he went to live with a sister in York State, where he lived until of age; after which he followed rafting on the Susquehanna River until 27 years of age; he was married Aug. 3, 1823, to Polly Marcy. They had four daughters - Abaline, Elizabeth, Nancy and Lydia. The mother of these children died Aug. 23, 1831. The father again married, Nov. 8, 1832. His second wife was Martha Marcy, a sister to his first wife. She was born Dec. 4, 1813. From his second marriage there were eleven children - Lucy, Caroline, Perry Z., Sidney M., Ursula M., Madison M., Leonard, Millard F., Linton N.; two died in infancy. The Marcy family are of English descent, and the first of the family that came to America was John Marcy, who came over in 1686; he came from Roxbury, England, where he was married and where his wife, Sarah Hadlock, was born Dec. 16, 1670. They had eleven children, the eldest of which was born in England - Annie, John, James, Edward, Joseph, Benjamin, Moses, Samuel, Sarah, Ebenezer and Elizabeth. The grandfather of Polly and Martha Marcy was Zebu- Ion Marcy, who was born June 8, 1744, and their father was Zebulon Marcy, Jr., who was born July 10, 1780. The grandfather was of a family of eight children - Zebulon, John, Lydia, Nicholas, Sarah, Zebulon Abel and Jerusha. The first child must have died when young, as there are two in the family bv the same name. In their father's family there were also eight children - Polly, Nicholas B., Eunice, Betsy, Patty, Lucretia, Daniel and Zarina. S. M. Smith was reared on a farm until 17 years of age, at which time he went away to school, where he remained until of age, with the exception of three winters that he taught school in that time. His parents came from Pennsylvania to Delaware Co., Ohio, in 1824, where they resided until 1828, at which time they came to Morrow Co., where the father died Oct. 28, 1868, and where the mother yet lives. The first year after quitting school, Mr. Smith farmed, and taught school in the winter, and the next year he was in the book business, canvassing, and after that he and a brother built the present foundry in Cardington. They remained in this business until 1865, when he sold his interest in the foundry to his brother; after which he sold inachinory of different kinds, until the fall of 18(.i5. lie was married Oct. '.i, 18G5, to Kuth M. Buck, who was born in Morrow Co., May 5, 1838. The history of her parents will appear in this work. Since his niarriau^e, Mr. Smith has been farming during the summer, and teaching school in the winter season; he has taught school for fifteen winters, but the last few years he has been dealing in fine Merino sheep; he had two brothers in the late war, Madison M. and Leonard. The first enlisted in 1863, and served three years and four months; he was in Co, B. 43, O. V. L The second was in the three months' service, and was sent to AVashington, where he was at the close of the war.

JOEL P. STRAUM, farmer; P. O., Bennington; was born in Perry Co., Ohio, March 17, 1818; his father was born in Pa., March 10, 177U, and his mother in Va., in 178.5; in the father's family tht-re were tvvc^lve children; the father came to Perry Co., Ohio, in a very early day; Mr. Straum was raised on a farm, and has always followed farming for a business; he was married Nov. 39, 1840, to Sarah Hartsell, whose ])arents were natives of Pa., and came to Perry Co. in an early day; she was born May 20, 1817, and from this union there were ten children, six of whom are dead - Martha J., Sarah A., Amanda F., John C, David, Noah G., Thomas J., Luciiula, Francis M. aiul Reatha T^.; .foel P. came to Morrow Co., Ohio, in 1848, and piu-chased a farm of fifty-two acres, which he cleared and improved, and where he yet resides; his mother died in 1842, and his father about 1853; they died in Perry Co.; Mr. Straum and wife are members of the Baptist Church.

JOHN UNDERIIILL, farmer and mechanic; P. O., Cardington; was born in Pennsylvania in 1811, and is of English descent. His grandfather, on his father's side, came to America in about 1790, and settled in Washington Co., Pa., where he lived and died. Mr. Underhill's father came to Guernsey Co., Ohio, where he remaintid for a while, and after living in several other counties in the state, finally settled in Perry Co., where he made it his home until his death. John came from Guernsey Co. to what is now Morrow Co. about 1834, which has since been his place of abode; at 10 years of age he commenced to learn the carpenters' trade, a business he followed for aljout forty-five years. Mr. Underbill was married about 1833 to Mary Wilson, whose parents were natives of (Juernsey Co. From their union there were twelve children, three of whom are now dead. His farm that now affords him a comfortable home, was wild and heavily timbered land when he purchased it; with the aid of his sons he has cleared it, and brought it to its present state of cultivation. Mr. Underbill an<l three of his sons were in the late war, all of whom passed through that terrible strife, and returned to their homes, to enjoy the peace that comes from victory. He and wife are members of the U. B. Church; politically, he is a Republican.

JAMES W. VAUGHAN, farmer; P. O., Cardington; is a son of Mathew Vaughan, who was born in Tsle-of- Wight Co., Va., Nov. 30, 1784. His ancestors were from wales; he was the youngest of four sons. In 1808 he came from the home of his birth, to Stark Co., O., which wasattime a newly organized county. In 1813, he was united in marriage with Phebe Pennock, whose former home was in Chester Co., Pa. and who moved from Bedford Co., Va., to Ohio, in 1807. They were the first cou])le married in the township, of Lexington, in Stark Co. Nine daughters and three sons were born to them, of whom but two daughters and one son (James. W.) are living. Their father died Aug. 39, 1878; his wife Phebe died in 18G9; they came to Morrow Co., in 1851, and settled in the township, where they resided until their death. James W., the youngest son, was born in Stark Co., in March, 1833, and came with his father to this county, and worked on the farm, until of age, when he commenced for himself. He was married August 31, 1853, to Miss Rachel M. Wood, who was born in Morrow Co., July 25, 1833; her mother was born in (3hio, and her father in York State; they are both dead. They have four children - Eddie J., born Aug. 9, 1857; William P., April 17, 18G3; Mamie N., Jan. 13, 18G4; AValter W., Feb. 7, 18GG; Mr. Vaughan has followed farnting and stockraising for a business, making sheep more of a specialty then any other class. His family are members of the Society of Friends, as was also his father.

B. F. WILLIAMS, farmer; P. O., Marincro; was born in Perry Co., O., Jan. 2, 1812. His parents were natives of Bedford Co., Pa.; they came to Perry Co., 0., in 1804, where they died. In the father's family there were six children - Rachel, William, John, B. F., Michael and George. B. F. was raised on a farm, and lived with his father until 25 years of aiie. He received a c(jmmon school education, and was married in Nov. 183G, to Martha A. Melick, whose parents were natives of Pennsylvania, and came to Perry Co., O., in a very early day, where they lived and died. From our subject's union there were ten children - James W., John, Thomas J., Monroe, Francis M., William M., and Albert; three died in infancy. Two of his sons - .James W. and Thomas J., are practicing medicine. Mr. Williams came to Morrow Co. in 1847, at which time he purchased the farm on which he now resides. Previous to coming to Morrow Co., and after his marriage, he went into the woolen business; he built a factory and was engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods of different kinds; lie was engaged in this business for about eight years, but since that time he has been engaged principally in farming, and dealing in stock. He has been successful in all his business undertakings, and is owner of several hundred acres of land in Morrow Co. His family are all married off, and in business for themselves; his wife is a member of the Baptist Church.

B. W. WILLIAMS, farmer; P. O., Cardington; was born in Delaware Co., Ohio, in 1829; his father was born in Virginia, and his mother in York State; they came to Delaware Co. in about 1828, and from there to what is now Morrow Co. In 1830 the father purchased a farm of eighty acres in Westfield Tp., where he resided until his death, in 1857; the mother died about 1852. B. W. resided with his parents until their death, and was married in September, 1852, to Miss Mary J. Brenizer, whose parents were natives of Maryland, and were early settlers in this county. From this union there are four children - Joseph C, James, Jane and Ira. Mr. Williams commenced business for himself under unfavorable circumstances, but by close application he has placed himself in a position to enjoy the balance of his days. He owns 120 acres of land, which is well improved and under good cultivation, and like the most of his neighbors combines with his agricultural pursuits the profitable adjunct of stock-growing. He came from Westfield Tp. in 1863, and purchased his present place. He is a member of the Baptist Church, and is now Township Trustree, which position he has filled for seven years.

GEORGE YAKE, farmer; P. O., Cardington ; was born in Baden, Germany, Sept. 22, 1822; his parents, George and Magdalene Yake, were born in the same place. George Yake, Jr., came to America in 1834. His parents had come two years previous. They settled in Marion Co., Ohio, where they resided until their deaths; they had but one child, the subject of this sketch. After coming to x^merica he resided with his parents in Marion Co., Ohio, until his marriage; he was reared on a farm and received a limited education; he was married Nov. 26, 1842, to Catharine Wick, who was also born in Germany, in 1823; she came to America in 1832, with her parents, Adam and Eve Wick. They also settled in Marion Co., where they lived until their death. From their marriage there were four children - Catharine, George, .Jacob and Michael, all of whom are now married. Mr. Yake came to Morrow Co., in 1875, where he purchased a farm of 150 acres, one mile east of Cardington. He and family are members of the Lutheran Church.

ABRAHAM YANT, farmer; P. O., Cardington; was born in Pa., May 22, 1791; his parents, Valentine and Louisa Yant, were also born in Pa. Mr. Yant's parents died in 1840; he was raised on a farm, and resided with his parents until of age, at which time he began business for himself. He came to Morrow Co., Ohio, from Pa., in 1855, where he has since resided. He was married to Catharine Snider, about the year 1811; her parents were also natives of Pa.; from their marriage their were five children, one of whom is now dead - Rebecca, Hannah, Valentine, Jacob and William. Mr. Yant began business for himself, with very limited means; and all he has, was made by himself. When he came to the county, he purchased 184 acres of land, which he has now well improved. His wife died about 1858; he is a member of the Presbyterian church, as was also his wife.

JOEL AXTELL, farmer; P. ()., rulaskiville. Joel Axtell is the son oi" Thomas and Eunice (Rigg;s) Axtell, and was born Jan. 20, 1802, in Mercer Co., Pa.; his youth was passed on his father's farm, and when 10, he worked one year in a tannery; at the age of 21 he began clearing land at |!2.50 per acre, cutting all under eighteen inches, and continued the business four years, being one of the men who cleared the land upon which the village of Denmark now stands. On the 20th of June, 1IS27, he married Miss Jane Campbell, daughter of Robert and Mary (Reynolds) Campbell, and by her raised a family of seven children - Thomas, born Jan. 9, 1830; Hannah M., Nov. 1, 1831 (deceased); Obediah, C, April 2!), 1833; Phoebe A., May 31, 1836 (deceased); .Simeon B., Jan. 11, 1838; Eunice J., May 28, 1840; Robert married Elizabeth Williams, who died, leaving two children; he ai'terward married Millie A. Schade, and is now a farmer in Congress Tp.; Thomas married Margaret M. Marian, and lives in California; Obediah married Elizabeth Wirth, and is a physician in Kansas; Simeon lives in Congress Tp., and has had two wives - the first, Mary Eldridge, and after her death, Jane McMillen. In 1S25 Mr. Axtell entered 80 acres of land in Congress Tp., upon which he moved in 1828; he had no tools, team, nor money, but managed to raise three acres of corn the first year, cultivating it with rude hoes; his few supplies were obtained at Mt. Vernon; he built liis own cabin, doing all the W(irk with an ax; at the age of 22, he joined the Presbyterian Church, and was an Elder for thirty years, first joining the Harmony Church. He is a Democrat, and polled his first vote for Andrew Jackson; he is one of the most prominent of the Congress Tp. citizens. Mr. Axtell's father was a native of Washington Co., Pa.; he was born there Jan. 30, 1 TSO. He married at the age of 21, and in the spring of 1810, left Mercer Co., Pa., and canjo t<j Knox Co., Ohio, leased a trac. of land near Mt. Vernon, planted ten acres of corn, and returned to Pennsylvania in harvest time for his family. He served forty days in the war of 1812, though he eiditsted for a longer period. His wife remained alone in her cabin with her family, unprotected, and one day, meeting Johnny Appleseed. was told that the British were coming; but the resolute woman, instead of fleeing to the fort, returned to her cabin to guard her children. The father died in 1859; after his wife's death, in 181 G, he married Jane, widow of Isaac Jackson, and by her had four children - Thomas M., Jane, Azuba D. and William M. His first wife bore him Joel, Hannah, Joseph, Daniel, Cvrus, Mary and Rufus.

anna" burns, retired; P. O., Mt. Gilead. Anna Burns was born June 16, 1812, in Columbiana Co., Ohio, and is the daughter of William and Elizabeth (Hawn) Grace. She received a limited education at the early "subscription schools," and at the age of 21 married Hezekiah Burns, who was born in the same county Jan. 17, 1808. After marriage they moved to Harmony Tp., of this county, and located on 168 acres of land, now owned by Samuel Gordon. They raised a family of six children - Ely, born April 2, 1837;" Delilah, June 14, 1839; Delorma, April 24, 1841; Emeline, March 26, 1844; William P., Oct. 24, 1846; Samuel D., Jan. 10, 1849. All are now married except Ely and Samuel. On the 19th of Nov., 1848, her husband died, but the widow continued to live on the farm with her six small children, the oldest being but twelve, and all the care and responsibility falling upon the mother's shoulders. The widow moved to where she now resides in December, 1878; her son, Ely, owns 90 acres, and her son, Samuel, owns 60 acres adjoining his brother's. Hezekiah Burns was a blacksmith, and always voted the Democratic ticket; he was a member of no church, but took an active part in all educatioiuil and moral enterprises; he secured his property by industry and economy, and always had an earnest and sympathizing

JOEL BROWN, farmer; P. O., Pulaskiville; was born Nov. 30, 1809, in Loudoun Co., Va.; the son of Issacher and Hanna (Oaven) 15rown. His father came from Pennsylvania to Virginia in an early day; he was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and drew a pension for his faithful service, in his later years. .Joel married Mahala, daughter of Hugh Harr, Dec. 30, 1S3(). She was horn Feb. '^8, 1808. They remained in the "Old Dnminion " until 1847, when he came with his family to Ohio, and settled on the farm where he now lives. They raised a family of ten children - JMary E., James E., Atnanda C, Sarah E., Fenton J., and Zillah J. are stdl living, while John W., Thomas M., Hannah S. and Charles F. are dead. Realizing the value of knowledge, which the imperfect schools of Virginia denied him in his youth, he has given each of his children a liberal education. One son was educated for the ministry - Thomas M., who died after preaching one year. Mr. Brown is a member of the Presbyterian Church at Chesterville; has held the office of Elder in the Church twenty-five years; he owns So acres of well-improved land with good, substantial buildings, made principally by himself ; he is an earnest supporter of the Republican party. His wife died Dec. 4, 1872, and now in the closing years of a wellrounded life, he is cared for by two devoted daughters, Sarah E. and Zillah J., who will watch over and comfort him in the evening of his life.

CALVIN BLAIR, farmer; P. O., Levering; among the leading farmers of this township is Mr. Blair, who stands in the front rank, being a representative of one of its oldest families. He was born Feb. 15, 1819; his father was a native of Bedford Co., Penn., and came to this township in the spring of 1811; his grandfather an old Revolutionary soldier, who followed the trade of shoemaker, and three aunts, came with his father and settled on the farm where Calvin now lives. He is the third son of William and Mary (Cook) I51air, and is the fourth in a family of nine children - John, Ida, AViliiam, Calvin, Lucinda, Charlotte, Isher, Obediah and Abigail; Obediali died when a child. W^hen the news was brought by a friend of the murder of the Seymour family, the Blair family removed to Mt. Vernon and remained six weeks. Mr. Blair early showed a remarkable skill in the use of tools and a desire for mechanical pursuits; hence after working a short time on the farm, he entered into partnership with George Jeffries, in the manufacture of wagons at Waterford, O., where he remained one year, he afterwards worked at wagon-making for a few years at different places; then emigrated to St. Joseph, Missouri and worked for a time in the machine shops of that place; he next engaged in farming in Illinois for five years; then came home on a visit, when his father was striken with paralysis, and he remained to care for him until his death. He purchased the home farm of 160 acres in 1861, and has since turned his attention to farming and stock-raising. He makes a specialty of the breeding of fine mules which are bred from a warm blooded animal of the Brazilian stock brought from Kentuc'<cy. The size and beauty of his stock is tto well known to need further comment. Mr. Blair has been an extensive traveler - was in Texas during the Mexican war. He owns 5000 acres of land in eastern Tennessee, rich in mineral and covered with grasses suitable for grazing.

SAMUEL BOWEN, farmer; P. 0., Chesterville. The above named gentleman comes of a numerous and highly respected family, who left Monmouthshire, Wales, for the attractions of America, settling in Chester Tp., this county, in 1815. He is the fourth son of John and Elizabeth (Jenkins) Bowen, and was born April 10, 1829, in Chester Tp. Here his father purchased 160 acres of land in the woods, which he cleared up and improved, raising nine children, all living but two - Elizabeth, John, Mary, Nancy, Enoch, Samuel and Isaac, and Henry and Emma are dead. The father was a good scholar in both Welch and English. He came here with a small capital and left a handsome property for his family; he died about 1868. Samuel passed his early life on the farm, receiving the rudiments of his education in the schools of his day until 20 years old, when he rented the home farm, which he continued to till about fourteen years, then he purchased 142 acres of the present farm in Franklin, upon which he began operations

JOSEPH BIGGINS, farmer; P. O., Chesterville; son of James and Aiui (Abram) Biggins; he was born in Yorkshire, England, April 22, 1831. As his father had been farmer, it was but natural that Joseph should follow in his footsteps; after receiving- a liberal education, which included hiiid surveying, at Ganford Academy, he married Jane Cole, daughter of William aiid Susan (Porritt) Cole; she was born in Yorkshire, May 16, 182!). Soon after the inarriag(i, which was celebrated July 7, 1851, they l)egan farming in " merry England,''' which he followed two years, but hearing favorable reports of the United States from his father, who had emigrated to Chester Tp. in 1852, he and his family embarked in July, 1853, and after a voyage of forty-two days, reached New York and came by way of Dunkirk, Cleveland and Fredericktown, and remained one month in his father's family; he then purchased 100 acres in Franklin Tp., and settled upon it in Oct., 1853, and lived there until 1864, when he sold out with a view to locating in the West, but changed his purjjose, and purchased the present 100 acres, where he has lived since. Two sons and four daughters have been born to them - Mary A., married to N. H. Jagirer, Sept., 22, 1874; Susan, Maggie, William J., John T. and Priscilla; all the family are well educated, and Maggie and Susan are successful teachers in public schools.

HEROD BARNHARD, farmer; P. O., Chesterviile; son of Jonathan I5arnhard; w^as born March 16, 1820, in Baltimore Co., Md.; he came with his parents to Knox Co., O., when he was six years old. He was sent to an old log school house of the rudest kind for a short time in winter; sometimes not longer than two weeks; his first outfit of books was a Testament, an Elementary spelling-book and two sheets of paper; in this way he gained a kno\Yledge of the common branches, and became very j)roficient in spelling - he could spell every word in the old "Elementary." He worked on the farm with his father until 21 years old, when he married Lucinda Love, Nov. 4, 1S41 ; she is a daughtc^r of Young and Ann Love, both natives of Ireland. After marriage he tilled his father's farm eight vears; then rented diflerent larms near Fredericktown, O., until 1872, when he came to the present place, where he owns four acres near Franklin Center. At the age of 15 Mr. Baridiard united with the Methodist Episcopal Church. He soon began exhorting others to live a Christian life, and in due time he was licensed by the church to work in the local ministry, where his labors have been continuous for over thirty years; he has also taken a profound interest in the Sabbath-school work, of which school he was many times chosen superintendent. They have raised a family of four children, and he has supported his aged mother for thirty-six years. He has three sons and one daughter - Wdliam L. H., a rising young attorney-at-law of this township, Hugh, John Wesley, and Sarah A. are living. Two daughters, Jane and Amarula, are dead. Jonathan Barnhard was first married to Rebecca Price, in Maryland, by whom he raised one son - Nehemiah. Then his wife dying, he married Catherine Walker, by whom he raised three children - Eliza, John and Herod. He emigrated from Baltimore Co., Md., to Knox Co., O., in 182(), settling four miles east of Fredericktown, where he lived until 1845. He was a blacksmith, but being crippled by a falling log at a raising, he taught school, and was elected for many years Justice of the Peace.

JOHN BLAIR, farmer; P. O., Levering. The above named gentleman is the first white child born in Franklin Tp., which event occurred July 3, 1812; he is therefore the oldest native resident of the townhsip. His taste, naturally enough, ran in the same direction as his father's; accordingly, he tilled his father's farm until he was 25 years old, when he was united in marriage to Melicent Hayden, a daughter of Samuel and Parthena (Stevens) Hayden, who settled in Radnor Tp., Delaware Co., O., in 1811, being luitives of Massachusetts. Her father died soon afterwards, and her mother with the family came to this township about 1817. One son blessed this union - Byron, who died Feb. 27, 1858; Melicent, wife of John Blair, died Sept. 29; 1839. He was married to Artamisa Stevens, Dec. 10, 1843; she was a daughter of Reuben and Elizabeth (Scribner) Stevens, and her parents came from Radnor Tp. in 1817; five children have been born to them - Lyman B., Calvin H., Cylva M., Almon S. and Lauren A.; two of these died in youth - Almon S. and Lauren A. Mr. Blair's grandfather was a "Minute Man" in the war of the Revolution and in this country, pursued the calling of shoemaker; and owing to the scarcety of mone}"^, he was often obliged to accept wheat in payment for work, and as he was a lover of coifee, he often traded a bushel of wheat for a pound of coifee. His father's house burned about 1839, with an almost total loss of household goods. The neighbors asseml)led without invitation the very next morning, with various contributions, and in three days had another subslaitial building, ready for occupation. At one time, an aunt of Mr. Blair, who had been to a neighbors, came in, reporting the apjjroach of hostile Indians, when Mrs. Blair caught John, then an infant in her arms, and sprang through a four-light window in her fright; but the persons approaching, proved to be Captain Lewis, with a party of scouts. Mr. Blair had few advantages for mental improvement in early life, but has done much in later life; and is a well posted man, taking a profound interest in the affairs of the Disciple Church, in whicli he holds the office of Deacon.

WILLIAM T. CAMPBELL, farmer; P. O., Pulaskiville; son of Benjamin and Sarah Campbell; was born Oct. 8th, 1795, in Northumberland Co., Pa.; his father came from New Jersey to Penn. just after the Revolutionary war and engaged in farming. They raised a family of eleven children - John, Mary, William T., Margaret, Lanah, Jesse, Joanna, Sarah, Benjamin, Levi and Jane - all grew to manhood and womanhood. William T. being only a boy came to Cincinnati, O., in 1812; he remained in the State until 1817, when he and two others began a pilgrimage to the "Keystone State;" they walked 550 miles. He was married May 10, 1818, to Sarah, daughter of Robert and Mary (Reynolds) Camplxdl; she w^s born in Oct., 1798, in Pennsylvania. He remained here four vears; he ran a saw-mill a short time, I aught school in the winter and wove during vacations. He emigrated with his family to this township about 1822, living in a cabin near where Center school house stands. Here he taught in the old cabin schoolhouse mentioned in the history of this township. In the spring of 1824 he removed to the farm where Samuel Hull now lives; with a strong and willing hand he wielded the ax until the sun shone on the smiling fields. He continued for many years to teach school in the winter; he was the first and only one for many years who taught grammar and geography in the district school; he taught in all fifteen terms; the lowest wages he received was 112.50 per month, and was also a teacher of vocal music, using the old patent notes in his singing school. The sterling integrity and quick intelligence of Mr. Campljell peculiarly fitted him for a leader in public affairs; he has been chosen to fill the office of Trustee, which he filled with honor to himself and satisfaction to all; but in the church has his manly zeal, coupled with a benevolent Christian spirit, shone with untarnished lustre for more than half a century; during a membership of fifty-four years in the M. E. church, he successfully filled the offices of Trustee, Class-leader and Steward many times; no solicitor for church enterprises ever appealed to him in vain. The subject of temperance early engaged his attention, being a charter member of the first society organized in the neighborhood. He raised a family of nine children - Mary A., Jane, Jackson, Sarah, William E., Levi, Ermina, Lodema and Lovina. Two others, Baxter and Joseph, died young; his second son, William E., served as engineer in the late war. Mr. Campbell's success in farming has been commensurate with his unremitting labors; before he retired from business he owned 350 acres of land, which he has since bequeathed to his children. He moved into the present house in 1858. The wife of his youth died Feb. 27, 1868, and he married Mary Harris Feb. 20, 1873. [He received only a common school education in boyhood, but many anight found him poring over his books bv firelight.

SIMON J. COOK, farmer; P. O., Levering; is the oldest son of William P. and Louisa (Mann) Cook; was born October 5, 1835, in Franklin Tp.; he passed his boyhood on his father's farm, attending, during a part of the year, in the common school, until he was prepared to enter the Chesterville High School, which he did, pursuing a course of study under the instruction of Professor J. B.

Fra N K L I N Townsh Ip

Selby, then Principal. For a time he divided his attention between teachinj^ and fanning, having; tatight in all six terms. He was married .Ian. 'J, l.S()2, to Mary C. Hull, born Jan. 11, 18.'5!S, in Center Co., Pennsylvania; she is the yoinifrest living dangljter of Peter and Sarah (Hnckley) liuU; her parents were natives oi" Pennsylvania, and came to Ohio in 1S4I5, settling j)ertnanently in Franklin Tp. in 1844. They had eight children - Saninel S., Isaac, .lames, William, Fli/abetli, Charlotte D., Mary C. and Ellen, who died in Pennsylvania. Mr. Cook is known as a successful farmer, and has a desirable farm, with good, substantial buildings; he and w.fe are members of the Disciple Church; voles with Democratic party; he has two adopted children, J. Clinton and Addie K.

WILfJAM P. COOK, farmer; P. O., Levering; son of .John Cook, whose history appears in the sketch of Stephen Cook. His mother's maiden name was Ida Van Liew. Both parents were natives of Monmouth Co., N. J. Mr. Cook was born May 31, ISOO, in Washington Co., Maryland. He was I'l ^^ears old when he came with his father to Franklin Tp. ; his memory therefore extends over a longer period of the township's history than almost any other person in it. He attended school in Maryland when a boy, and only went to school about thirty days in this co.inty. He worked with his father until his death, which occurred when AVilliam was 22 years old. From this time he divided his attention between farming and teaching for three years. Receiving a quarter section of land from his father's estate, he moved on the ])resent site in 1825. He married Louisa Mann, a danght(!r of Joseph and Sarah (Lawhead) Mann, who came from Bedford Co., Pa., in 1818, settling just west of Cook's. She was born Dec. 15, 1807, in Bedford Co., Pa. They have two sons and two daughters - Dinah, now Mrs. Samuel T. Gallegher, and has two children; Mary, now Mrs. AVibiam Peo- ])les, and has four children; Simon J. Cook and Alcet R. Cook. William P. united with the Harmony I3aptist Church at 20 years of age, where he remained eleven years, Subse- (|M('iitly he identified with the Disciple Church, of which his wife is also a member, where he has been a faithful and consistent member for over 46 years. During that period he has repeatedly l)een chosen to fill the oflice of elder. In his youth he purchased an interest in the Fredericktown Library, and step by step these records of the past were forced to yield their treasures to the earnest yoiith who was struggling for development of mind and heart, amid the wild scenes of pioneer life. Mr. Cook has for many years vote«l the Democratic ticket, casting his first vote for that prince of orators, Henry Clay. His son, Aleet R. Cook, who married Alvina Stackhouse, is living with his father, and has one son.

JESSE CAMPBELL, farmer; P. 0., Pulaskiville; the subject of this sketch was born July 12, 1802, and is a son of Benjamin and Sarah (Teitsworth) Campbell; he is a native of Northumberland Co., Penn., and spent the days of his youth on a farm, receiving but little education, as his home was among the mountains with the nearest school seven miles distant. His father dying just after his son had reached his majority, Jesse was left to to help in the support of the family, which filial duty he performed for four years. In the fall of 1825, with his mother and five children he came to Ohio, being conveyed by w}igon, the journey occupying twenty-one days. He immediately entered eighty acres of land and erected also a hewed log house, hauling logs to a saw-mill below Mt. Gilead. The first spring he put out two acres of corn ; he remained here some two years when he went East in company with Allan Kelly, driving a heard of cattle ; during the next seven years he worked by the day and month at various points, including the Canal R. R. Sept. 6, 1832 he was united in marriage to Ellen Williams, a daughter of Jonathan and EUeanor (Ues) Williams ; his wife was born Feb. 24, 1813 and shared with him the pleasures and pains of life until her death, Ajiril 1, 1878. For some time after marriage he lived with his wife's father, and then buying a team in the fall of '35 he removed to his mother's place. His brothers and sisters having married and scattered, each for themselves, he in time bought the place which he still owns. Mr. Campbell is the father of four children now living, two dying when quite young - Jonathan W., born ()ct. 30, 183G, married Mary Hogler antl settled in Lee Co,, 111 ; Mark W., born March 23, 1844, married a Miss Bum barge r, and is ill ()<r]Q Co., III.; Sarah B., born July 12, 1847, is st.ll at lioiiie ; Eliza J., born July 17, 1854, at home. The mother of Mr. Campbell died Dec. 20, 1808, fiared 98 years, 7 months, 16 days ; her mother also had lived to be 98. II(i is a Democrat ami (;ast his first presidential vote lor Andrew Jackson ; with his wile and family he is a member of the M. E. Church, and since early manhood has been a constant Christian and man of upright intesrity.

REV. STEPHEN COOK, farmer; P. O., I^evering;; was born Feb. 25, 1811, in Washington Co., Md. He is a son of John and Rachel (Bryson) Cook; his parents came here when Stephen was about \H months old. It was in the fall of 1812 that the family of Rev. John Cook began their journey to Ohio with a five-horse team; they arrived in October, cutting their way through the woods to a cabin and a small clearing, made by .lohn Cook, a son, some three months before, on the land purchased by the father in 1810. Rev. John Cook enlisted under Captain John Schenk for one year, and then became a ''Minute Man," fighting in the battles of Germantown and Flat-bush, of the Revolution. The Cook family, along with five or six others, fled to Daniel Levering's during the Indian troubles, where they erected a blockhouse, near Waterford; the men working on building, while the women and children were crowded in the dwelling for two days, until Mrs. Cook, being a lady of culture and refinement, said that she would rather face the Indians than remain longer. At one time, Tom Lion, a friendly Indian, was there on butchering day, and they asked if the Indians could furnish hams of venison for the winter, and tallow of the deer for medical pur])Oses. Some time later two Indians came on Sunday with six saddles of venison; no one was at home but Mrs, Cook, so she gave them a dinner and told them to help themselves to potatoes, which they did, taking six bushels in payment for the venison. The winter of 1812 brought many hardships to the family, owing to the difficulty of procuring provisions; corn was to be found below Mt. Vernon, and the family lived on corn-bread and blue venison that winter. Mr. Cook began preaching in Maryland, where he united with the regular Baptist Church in an early day, and he continued his ministrations in this county, organizing the first Church in the house of BiMijamin Hart. He was married to Ida Van Liew of New Jersey, by whom he had six chiMren - fohn, Asher, William P., Polly, Dinah and PJlizabeth. Tlu> wife of his youth dying, he married Rachel liryson; by this marriage five children were born - Ida, Stephen, Joseph, Nathan and Ruth. The Bryson's were directly related to the old Stevens family, of which Thaddeus Stevens is the illustrius representative. The ancestry pointso also to the Hale family, whose ])rogenitors were of the nobilty of England. Rev. John Cook departed this life Aug. 22, 1822, when Stephen was only twelve years old; he attended school the following winter, and from that time the care of the bereaved family and the interests of the farm claimed his attention; taking charge of the home place when he was 15, he c ntinued to farm it until 1837, when he purchased 100 acres, where he has lived ever since, near a beautiful spring of clear, sparkling water, which scarcely varies in its ceaseless flow from year to year. He was married to Mary Van Cleve October 27, 1833; she was a daughter of William and Rebecca (Powell) Van Cleve, and came to Ohio about 1831, with Lawrence Van Buskirk, from Bedford Co., Penn. This marriage has been blessed wnth ten children - Caius M. C, Stephen M., John M. C, Ida, Mary C. and Lua R., are living; while Lovina, Mary, Louisa and ('aroline are dead; two of these are ministers of the Disciple Church, and all are married except John M. (J. and Lua D., who are still at home. Stephen, when a boy, became a subscriber to the Fredericktown Circulating Library, and by the flickering light of a lard lamp he might be found night after night, ])oring over the pages of all the ancient and modern histories extant, in those days; from these lessons of " Philosophy teaching by exam])le," he obtained a conception of human life, which aided him in the education of his own family, which claimed his attention for thirty-five years; Mr. Cook votes the Democratic ticket, but is not a strict partisan; he and his family are members of the Disciple Church, in which he has jjreached for forty-five years, beginning at the age of 24. His labors in the cause of the Master for nearly half a century have been prompted by an untiring zeal for humanity.

DR. S. M. COOK, ministtjr; Leveriiijr; is a iiativo of Franklin Tp., being the second son of Rev. Stephen Cook; his mother's maiden name was Mary Van Cleve; he was born Oct. ], 1S45, and passed his l)oyh()od amid the scenes anil hibors of rural life, until he reached his'^Oth year. In 18(3(J he attended the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. After his return he taug:ht school for some time. Subsequently he befjan reading medicine in the office of Dr. W. N. King, of Mansfield, Ohio; after remaining here one year he went to the Michigan University, receiving instruction in the Medical dejiartment one year; he next visited Iowa, and found employment in the schools of that State; when his school reached a successful close he entered the Iowa Business College at Des Moines, completing his course there; he returned to Ohio and muted his fortune with Margaret A. Ilardgrove, of Knox Co., Sept. 4, 1870. In October following he entered the Ohio Medical College, graduating March 1, 1871, with the first honors of his class. He began the practice of Medicine in Pulaskiville, Ohio, remaining one year; he removed to Waterford, Ohio, where he remained five years, building up a large and lucrative practice in Knox, Morrow and Richland Counties. In 1877 Dr. Cook sold his })roperty in Waterford, closed his office, and purchased his present home of thirty-two acres in Franklin Tp., and entered the nn'nistry under the auspices of the Disciple Church, leaving a prof(!Ssion where wealth and distinction awaitiid him in the near future; from a sense of duty to his God and a love for his fellow beings, he engaged in a cause where only sacrifices sweeten toil; and a conscious presence of Him who said it is more blessed to give than to receive, is more than riches. He united with the North Branch Church at the age of 13 years, following his Mast(>r in the ordinance of baptism, vuider the administration of Rev. N. A. Walker, of Indianapolis, Ind. During the first year of his ministry Mr. Cook baptised 00 persons, who cami; confessing their sins; he is now preaching for different churches in Morrow, Knox and Licking C(junties. Although Dr. Cook would gladly retire from the practice of medicine, he is called to many a home where disease and want go hand in hand, and fees are never thought of or demanded. He has gathered a fine collection of miscellaneous books, embracing 150 volumes, in addition to his medical library. They treat of theology, history, science and literature. He has a family of two sons and three daughters - Lovina R. was born June 19,1871; Van Cleve, July 20, 1873; Scott, June 9, 1875; Connie L., Aug. 14, 1877; Etha, Sept. 5. 1879.

MIODNEY CRAVEN, farmer; P. O., Chesterville; is the son of James and Abbie (Holmes) Craven; he was born in Loudoun Co., Virginia, Jan. 3, 1820; his parents were natives of the "Old Dominion," and followed the occupation of farming, but gave their son Rodney a good education. June 29, 1843, he was married to Sarah E. Jones, a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Simpson) Jones, born May 29, 1820, in Virginia; her parents were natives of that State, and owned a ])lantatioii of 260 acres, and seven slaves. They reared five children, but all are dead but Mrs. Craven; her father died Nov. 2, 18(37, leaving a legacy of 134 acres of the old homestead to our subject. In the fall of 1843 Mr. Craven set out for Ohio, and after a journey of 21 days in a big wagon, they arrived at Knox Co., where they remained oidy one year, removing from thence to Harmony Tp., of this county; here they lived on a farm of 120 acres for 18 years; the family next removed to Decatur Co., Indiana, where they remained about three years, then returned and spent about three 3'ears near Leverings Station. The intervening years from that time to this the family have lived in Franklin Tp. Eleven children have been born to them - Virginia, William H., John A., James R., Mary E.,1Keuben R., Win field, George, Laura, Alice, and an infant died; James R. eidisted in the 187th O. V. I., Company G, and .fohn A. enlisted in the 88th O. V. I., Company K; these two noble boys were only 17 and 18 years old, who left the comforts of home at the call of their country; in a few short weeks they were taken down with the measles, and died within two days of each other; their remains were sent home to the sorrowing family. Each year, when the glad earth is thrilled with the lay of feathered songster, and clad in the rich garb of leaf and ilower, may the lowly mounds where rest the remains of Jfames R. and John A. Craven, be stre ,vn with choice tributes of a grateful Nation. Mary E. died April 29, 1878. Mrs. Craven was a member of one of the aristocratic families of Virginia, and unused to work until she came to this country, but lias struggled brav'ely until a large family surrounds her, and as handome competence for the future.

ABEL DICUS, carpenter and farmer; P. O., Chesterville; son of Samuel and Sarah (Kelly) Dicus, was born April 12, 1821, in Northumberland Co., Penn.; his father was a native of Delaware, who came to Pennsylvania in about 18K3, where he engaged in farming until his death, which occurred in about 1829, leaving two children, Nancy and Abel, then only eight years old; the latter worked for his board and clothing eight years in one family. Then, after working by the month a short time, he learned the carpenter's trade, working about two years, at from S2.75 to $3.50 per month. At the age of 18, he purchased a set of carpenter's tools on credit, costing him 160; he has worked at his trade forty years in Pennsylvania and Ohio. He married Mary Hile, in Pennsylvania; she was a daughter of John and Hester (Johnson) Hile, who came from New Jersey to Pennsylvania in an early day. Mr. Dicus drove through from Pennsylvania in a one horse-wagon, a distance of 500 miles in three weeks, settling first in Congress Tp., in 1852, and lived there two years; and after living in various parts of Franklin Tp., he settled on the present farm of thirty-six acres, on which he has erected substantial buildings. Among the objects of interest in this township are the beautiful sulphur springs, in the western part of Mr. Dicus' farm; they are said to contain peculiar medicinal properties; the clear, sparkling water boils up through porous formations of limestone origin, which resemble petrified moss. They have five children - Melinda, Ira, William, Gracie A. and Samuel. Mr. Dicus served eleven months in the 43d O. V. I., Company B. and votes the Republican ticket.

HOMER P. EMERY, nurseryman and farmer; P. O., Chesterville; is the oidy son of Samuel L. Emery. He was born Oct. 16, 1843, in Lincoln Tp., of this county. He passed his youth amid the scenes of rural life, and received a good education in the common schools. As the father had been a grower of trees, it was but natural that the son should follow the same employment. His taste and inclination led him to turn his attention to growing of evergreen and ornamental trees; accordingly, he purchased a large stock of healthy trees of Storrs, Harrison and Co., of Painesville, O. He has continued to add new and rare varieties from year to year, until he has grown from three to four thousand healthy, vigorous trees at present. They embrace over twenty of the most popular varieties of evergreens adapted to this climate, and a large assortment of ornamental trees. This nursery is well worthy of a visit from those who wish to procure the finest trees without the expense and injury incident to transportation from foreign nurseries. He united his fortunes with Fanny Detwiler Nov. 27, 1879. She is a daughter of Samuel and Jane (Riddle) Detwiler. She was born Feb. 8, 1851, near Belleville, Richland Co., O. Mr. Emery is a practical farmer, who takes an active interest in the Grange movement, seeking to exalt and dignify the calling he has chosen. He is Past Master of Franklin Grange, No. 466. Samuel L. Emery, father of our subject, was the oldest son of Samuel and Nancy (Gardner) Emery; was born in Hillsborough Co., N. H., March 1,1816. He came with his parents to Ohio in 1831, he being 15 years old at that time. They settled on a fifty acre lot, where Abel G. Emery lives, in Lincoln Tp. It was all in woods then, and they lived in Jerah Smith's house until a cabin could be built. It was a large log cabin, raised one day, hewed down the next, and they moved in on the third day. Here they lived until fall, without chimneys, doors or windows. The first corn crop was two acres, enclosed by brush fences. The father of Samuel L. Emery was Captain of a militia company in New Hampshire, and a man of considerable influence; he purchased two military claims - his homestead of fifty acres, and a hundred-acre lot, where Samuel L. now lives. He raised five children - Samuel L., Clementina, Homer C, Abel G. and Susanna B. Samuel L. had a fair education when he reached his forest home in Lincoln Tp.; in that neighborhood nothing had been done for the cause of popular education. He, with others, assembled to build a log schoolhouse; it was built by voluntary contributions, and ere long they employed George Adams, who was the first teacher; liere Mr. Emory received instruction until 21. A sad accident befell Mr. Emery, who came to deaden timber, on his present place, in Aii<rust, 18iJ7, i)y an unti^uarded stn^ke the ax struck his knee, iiillit'tinof a wound which made him a cripple for life; he was confined with it nearly a year. May 6, 1S3!>, he went to Granville, Ohio, to learn cabitiet-making, and, b in<r still weak, worked on crutches two months; he worked at Granville about two years, and then returned to Emery's Cor?iers, and erected a shop and lathe, and worked at cabinet and furniture making, for eleven years. He name to the present farm of fifty-two acres in 1(S54; then few im})rovements had been made, and loo- cabins occupied the site of the present substantial buildings, which his energy and toil have reared. He engaged in the nursery and grafting business for many years. He was married to Caroline L. Powell, Dec. 1, 1842. She was a daughter of William and Eunice (Tuirrel) Powell, born Aug. 16, 1822, in Essex Co., N. Y. She died Jan. 31. 1878. Two children were born to them - Homer P., subject of this sketch, and Eunice M. Samuel L. has been a constant reader of the best literature; has gathered many valuable books, and is well informed. He has been Clerk of his township two terms, and Lecturer of Franklin (Trange, No. 466.

WH.LIAM FREDEKICK, farmer and wool grower; P. O., Chesterville; son of William and Kachel (Turner) Frederick, was born in Morris Co., New Jersey, February 21, 1827. His parents came in August, 1837, with a family of four sons, leaving one son. Thomas, in New Jersey. They settled on the ])resent place of over 100 acres. They had five sons - Thomas, Al)salom, William, James and David. The father died in Septemlier, 1866, and the mother in JvUy, 1876. William attended school three terms in New Jersey, and divided his time between the school and farm here until his seventeenth year, when he was apprenticed to learn the double trade of mason and ])lasterer. He was actively engaged at his trade in different localities from 1844 to 1855, when he retired to th(^ old hom(;stoad which he had purchased about 1850. Mr. Frederick first gave his attention to the raising of horses, for a few years, but soon became interested in the breeding of fine wool sheep, iiegan his flock with five Spanish Merinos, from the floc^k of Jacob Houser, in about 1864. Has since added animals of fine blood and strong constitution, at different times, until he has a flock of ninety fine animals. Although Mr. Frederick had limite<l advantages for education in youth, he has been a constant reader of the best literature, until he is well informed on many subjects. He tak< s a deep interest in the school work, and has been chosen Trustee of his Township. He was married to Mary A. Davis, December 1(), 1850. Three children were born to them - Wcller, Mary E. and I.ydia J. His wife, Mary A. Fre(l(>rick, died Novfnnber 16, 18(J3. His son Weller died Fel)ruary 14, 18(i4. In August, 1864, subject married Emily Shaw, a daughter of David Shaw (see biography of New'ton Shaw). Of this marriage five children have been born, James M., Luella, Anna Alfred and David R.

JOSEPH GROVE, farmer; P. O., Pulaskiville; was born May 3, 1820, in Licking Co., Ohio, and is the fourth son of Samuel and Mary (Moyer) Grove, who came to Licking Co., Ohio, from Shenandoah Co., Virginia, in 1810. They had eleven children - John, Anna, Isaac, Elizabeth, Samuel, Joseph, Rebecca, Da> id, Henry, Harvey J., and Mary J., ail of whom lived to be married and have families. His father was a maiufaeturer of ropes, and a farmer; he was a mcMnber of the Old School Baptist Church. Joseph began farming in Octol)er, 1840, with no capital save energy and good health; he followed this calling in Licking county until 1851, when he removed to the place where he now lives, where he first purchased 140 acres of land of William Linn, and afterwards 100 acres more of Elias Higgins; he has l)e((ueathed a son and daughter i()0 - all of which is the fruit of his own industry anil careful management; he had few advantages for education in early life, but has since been a constant reader, not oidy of l)ooks, but of men and events. Mr. Grove was married to Rachel Ewers, Feb. 29, 1844 ; they had two sons and two daughters - Mary J., Jacob, Milton and Armindia V.; Jacob is deceased, and the others are married; Mrs. Grove died Feb. 2, 185!); she was a devoted member of the New School Baptist Church. Mr. Grove married a second wife - Lucinda Blair - Jan. 25, 1866; she was a daughter of

Biographical Sketch Es

William and Mary (Cook) Blair (a full history of whom will be fouiul in the sketch of John Blair); she was born March 22, 1S21, in what is now Franklin Tp.; she is a member of the Disciple Chvireh. He has taken a deep interestin the improvement of stock, first beginning the breeding of cattle with a herd of iJevonshires, and later in the Shorthorns, of which he has at present a fine herd of nine animals. The writer saw one cow of this herd, which in all essential points is a true representative of the stock, and a perfect animal; he has also a fine flock of 500 American Merinos. He has held various township offices - as Trustee, Director, etc.; voted the Democratic ticket until 1843, since then he has voted for principle rather than pai tv.

FREDRICK GALE, carpenter; Pulaskiville; among the representative men of this township Mr. Gale deserves more than a passing notice; he is the son of James and Matilda (Mann) Gale, and was born in this township June 15, 1836; his parents were natives of Bedford Co., Penn., and came and settled in Congress Tp., on the Daken place. They next settled in this township on the place known as the "Wheat Farm," where they lived and raised a family of eleven clildren - Melinda, Benjamin, Fredrick, William, Elizabeth, Mary, Abner, Amy A., John, Sarah E. and Eliza C. Eliza C. died Sept. 14, 1859; Melinda, Feb. 8, 1855; Benjamin, Jan. 25, 1870; William, Nov. 2, 1860; James Gale, the father, Sept. 7, 1868; Matilda Gale, the mother, Aug. 1, 1878; James Gale was one of those men who believed that it required the exercise of intelligence to make a successful farmer, and all his operations displayed a knowledge and foretliought of one who studied his calling. When he settled on the above mentioned farra there was only a small clearing and a cabin, built probably by Jonathan Lavering and now there are fine l)uildings, and about 140 acres cleared in such a way as to leave a girt of timber encircling the farm for tlie protection of crops. He has for many years been known as a most successful wheat grower, raising an average of 300 bushels annually, and has raised 600 bushels per year; during life he filled several township offices - as Assessor, Treasurer and Trustee. Frederick Gale received a common school education, and worked at home until he was 21; then he began working at the carpenter trade, having such skill in the use of tools that he received wages from the first; he has taken and completed many contracts in this township - as Township Hall and the Grange Hall - until he is known as a skilled and competent workman; Oct. 20, 1856, he united his fortunes with Lucy A. Hyler. She was a daughter of .lames and Ann (.lackson) Hyler. She was born Nov. 9, 1838, in this township. Two children, a son and a daughter, have been born to them. Reece was born Jan. 22, 1858; Nett, May 2, 1864. The first five years of their married life was spent in Congress Tp., where he erected buildings. He now owns ninety acres of land, fifty of which he lias earned by his own labor and forethought; here we find one fine spring and twenty-five acres of bottom land. He has held the office of Assessor, to perform the duties of which he was tlioroughly competent. Mr. Gale has two dens containing two species of ferrets - a little animal very destructive to rats; he has also a fine collection of pigeons, consisting of eight varieties, some of them very rare and numbering fifty birds.

RICHARD HOLLY GRAHAM, merchant; Pulaskiville; the youngest son of Joseph and Margaret (Mann) Graham; was born Nov. 7, 1840, in this township. His parents were natives of Pennsylvania, and drove from Bedford Co. of that State in a one-horse wagon to the wilderness of Ohio, in about 1822. His father entered the quarter section where Valentine Mann lives - all in woods then. He put up a cabin in which a quilt served as a door for some time to keep out the wolves, then so thick in the woods that they made night hideous. The family was poor, and in place of the elegant furniture of to-day, they thankfully ate their corn bread and venison on rough boards laid on pins driven in the walls. The family remained on the place first settled some time, and moved to the place where William Van Buskirk lives, where they lived until 1864, emigrating to Franklin Co., Ind. They lived there only two years, when Richard's mother died, and he and his father returned to Ohio, and together purchased ninety-three acres of land in Perry Tp., of this county. This they farmed in partnership until 1873, when they sold out, and the father found a home with his daughter, Elizabeth

Mettler, where lie died Oct. 8, 1877. He was a self-made, self-educated man. They had ten cliihhcn, two of whom died in youth - Al)iu'r, and infant, Jolni, Klizal)etli, Kairhel, Isaac, Martin, WesU'y, Mary, and Richard IT.; \l. II. Graham, or "HoII," as he is usually called, lived at home until the death of his mother. He then enga<^-ed in farmintr h<'n! until 1873. Then he traveled durinirthe winter and spring, and followed threshing during the summer and fall for the next three years. In 1870 he purchased a stock of goods of Miltt)n Hart, and has since been mercliant and postmaster at Pulaskiville. In April, 1880, he removed to the present commodious room beneath the Grange Hall, where he keeps constantly on hand a full stock of dry goods, hats and caps, ])oots and shoes, glassware, and in short everything needed by a farming communily, at prices as favorabh^ as can be found elsewhere. He was married April 11, 1880, to Cecelia Pittman, a daughter of Abednego and Atia (Slaugh) Pittman.

DENTON GRAHAM, farmer; P. 0., Pulaskiville. He is the youngest child in a family of ten, and was born ^larch 30, 1844, in Congress Tp., of this county. His father, Samuel Graham, a native of Bedford Co., Penn., in early life united his fortunes with Sarah Brewer, of the same State. In 1819 the family drove through from Pennsylvania in a one-horse wagon to the little log cabin built by the father, who had preceded the family and entered a quarter section of land in the woods of Congress Tp. He died Aug. 18, 1855; and Sarah Graham, the wife, died July 30, 1870. He cleared up a farm, and leaves a family often children, eight of whom are living-r - Oliver, Mary, Drusilla, Morgan, Levi, Benton, James and Denton; Charlotte and Rachel are dead. Denton lived in his father's family, and attended the rude school houses of the early days, during a short term in winter, where little was taught, and that, poorly. At 18 he began working by the month, which he continued for seven years. Aug. 19, 1809, he married Amy A. Gale (See sketch of Frederick Gah'), by whom he has been blessed with two children - .ludd was born Oct. 31, 1870; Stella was born Dec. 8, 1878. Mr. Graham has been a successful farmer and stock-raiser, acquiring a handsome property of eighty acres by his own labor and management, with the exception of $800 from his father's estate. He early identified himself with the Grange interest in Franklin, Grange, No. 400, where he with others are laboring to exalt the calling of the farmer to a position that its importance demands.