Concord Township (part 2 of 5)

- i *ARTIN A. WHITEMAN, retired, Troy; bom in the city of Philadelphia in 1828, there attending the public schools until the year 1838, when he, with his parents, emigrated to Auglaize Co., Ohio, and, from this date, followed farming until 15 years of age. In 1843, he commenced the carpenter's trade at Piqna, serving four years, after which he followed various pursuits for several years, when he moved to Toledo, and about the year 1850 located in Troy, where, until 1876, has been engaged in restaurant, grocery business, etc. At the above date he sola his establishment, and retired from active business. Married Jane Sherrer in Troy Dec. 27, 1863.

S. WILLIAMS, lawyer, Troy. Elihu Stephen Williams was bom Janr4> 1835, near New Carlisle, Clark Co., Ohio, and is the son of Elder Henry WiUlams and Ehzabeth Williams, formerly Elizabeth Pettigrew. His parents were *** w^ere hi8 mother remained until she was of age, his father being when a child, and the family settled near New Carlisle, Gr H Williams now lives. The subject of our sketch worked on a fann cniinH-tr of age, getting what education he could in the winter schools of the Thich his Parents resided. Not satisfied with that outlook, he hfm °f fat?er that he should be sent regularly to school ; his father told the hov a hotter education than he was getting at home, to get it himself , himself himJ*hi8 word> and with $1.50 in his ^cket, started out in life for board for a -worked among the farmers until he got money enough to pay himself mont1?8' t*lei1' under the tuition of Mr. Amott, of Troy, he fitted taught sch^f frh^i?in*ti0n for a Packer's certificate, which he obtained, and m^d Whfn® ^oUrm? winter in Brandt, Miami (k>.; by working in the sum- In 1858 he wmter, he struggled on until he obtained a fair education.

Democracy), and raising a company of fliWof"' M now> one of the strongholds of at Troy, Ohio, and went into thp^rant^ 81X men' con^ucte<^ them to Camp Todd, organized, and on Oct 5 1861 °fJ £nvaTte i be* the 71st 0. V. I was ment stationed at Ft. Donelson and ^Tf®- the four companies of this regifour companies defeated Col. Wf^ward^reSmAnt68? at Donelson, where their Mason and the other six comna^ of thi 7h?J^ caPtured Col. Rodney and skirmishes until September 186WhIf w?1 ^imeot in a|l its marches of his command, he w«PriC?h^\m^°Ugh. the ®fth CaP'ain in the line font by the General oomr^dWte^t f ^ °ompanies and a section of artillery: hundred and flCmU« h" ^ *° *?* cb*T of the Post, at Carthage, Tenn one Gen. Crook, w?^ a dS«£ an? S? *2* waa *ta'b£Ted £ there was a large amount of Gov^n^f1*^ by ^ SPeara with a brigade : use of the army which coitid Mt aocumulated at this point, foTthe

"^Cumberland River; this ^ost Z tWrt^s-8000-?"*^*118 Iow stage of water ??nn1®rat® oonanmnds of Col. Hughes and Co^ HamiH68 8"PPort, and the 1, 500 men, were in striking distan^nCarth.L^l ^' e8t,m?ted 1,000 to Williams that he did not emect ?ha LG®IL Pt^e afterward told Capt. any more troops, and from Sbath! * week- but he could not spare toe nver raised and the C pt Y l!1^ not only held the post until aot've, and, with the aid o/SSSJ?? removed- bu' kept his troops vitflant and toe guerrillas from the country of his command, driving

Pating in eyervm^^t remained in Carthage until the close of the war, partiddering effective ^rvioe mIiW ene"y ln that part of Tennessee, and renraid through Middle Tentl^l ^ *he forces of the rebel Gen. Wheeler in his fomous Smith (fo,TeM s?d ®n "^-- th® war closed, Capt Williams remained in roconstrodion'of CnSlln^ °/flaw> " «*»»- Part in the of Gen. Russwum). In 1869, Capt Williams refused to be a candidate for any political office, and remained on his farm until the year 1875f taking an active share, however, in the battles of the Republican party, all the more earnest because that party was here proscribed and persecuted, and hopelessly in the minority. In January, 1875, he entered into a partnership with his brother H. H. Williams, at Troy, Ohio, and moved his family to that place, where he now resides, busily engaged in the practice of his profession.

HENRY H. WILLIAMS, Judgeof County Court, Troy. Judge H. H. Williams was bom in New Carlisle, Clark Co., Ohio, Feb. 9, 1 840 ; his grandfather, Henry Williams, was one of the pioneers of Clark Co., having emigrated from Virginia with his family, and settled near New Carlisle in 1806 ; his parents were Henry WiUiams and Elizabeth Pettigrew, who were the parents of five children, of whom our subject is the third ; his youth was passed upon the farm, after which he attended a brief academic course at Linden Hill Academy, under the tuition of Prof. Thomas Harrison ; after a term spent in teaching, he entered the law office of Messrs. Conklin & Matthews, at Sidney, Ohio. At the beginning of the war, he enlisted as a private in the 15th O. V. I., and served through the following summer ; in December, 1861, he again enlisted in the 71st 0. V. I., and served as a pnw* until discharged in 1863 ; was engaged in the battle of Philippi, in the McClellan campaign, of 1861 ; also the battles of Columbus, Miss., and Shiloh, in which last engagement he was wounded in the right hip and disabled for life ; he was taken prisoner by the rebels, but after a four months' confinement paroled Mia exchanged, receiving his discharge on account of disability, in 1 863. Resuming the study of law, he was admitted to the bar in Sidney in September, 1864, and soon after opened an office in Troy ; his health failing, business was discontinued until lo7U , in the fall of 1871 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney, and re-elected in 1873Jhus making his term of office four years ; in December, 1877, he was appointed hy Gov. Young, Common Pleas Judgeof the Second Judicial District of Ohio, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge Geo. D. Burgess ; and was, in October, lew , elected to the same position without opposition, which office he still holds, fjlis rank as a lawyer is second to none in the district, and his administrations as Judge give almost universal satisfaction ; is held in high regard by the legal fraternity or his high sense of duty, his splendid social acquirements and his sterling integn y- His marriage was celebrated Feb. 25, 1864, wedding Miss Eloise J. Anderson, oi Miami Co., Ohio ; four children now brighten their home - Maggie, Minnie, Graci and Harry Lloyd. Judge Williams is a stanch Republican, and the embodimen of honor, truth and justice.

ROBERT M. WILSON, farmer ; P. 0. Troy. Robert M. Wilson, one of the popular young farmers whom we are pleased to notice, is a direct descendant o one of the first families of this township, his father, John Wilson, having ljv h^ for the past thirty-five years ; Robert was bom March 6, 1848, upon the farm where his father now resides, and his occupation from choice has been that oi a farmer ; he is now comfortably located on a nice farm of his own, in fall vie* the homestead, surrounded by relatives and friends. Sept 17, 1873, he was unitea in marriage to Miss Allie D. Brown, the Rev. I. L. Griffith performing the manage ceremony, at the Bethel Christian Church, frilly 1,000 persons witnessing tfie marriage of two of their popular young friends ; they are now the parents of two lovely children - Clarence Wilford, was bom Oct. 9, 1875, and Viona May, May 28, fnowhL *^7 Tb Parento of four children - Alonzo, Estella, Mollie and 1 AUie smd Mr Wn 6 °f- Robert Wilson). They are both members of the Christian Church, We a Prominent member of the I. 0. 0. F., and of Concord Grange.

Source changes here: from The History of Miami County, Ohio : Containing a History of the County; Its Cities, Towns, Etc.; General and Local Statistics; Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men; History of the Northwest Territory; History of Ohio; Map of Miami County; Constitution of the United States; Miscellaneous Matters, Etc., Etc, by W.H. Beers & Co, Publisher, published 1880; 47,172 words in this source stream.

Concord Township

This township is centrally located, bounded on the north by Washington, on the east by the Miami River, on the south by Monroe and part of Union, and on the west by Newton ; organized about 1807, and named by the Commissioners appointed for that purpose, Concord, vying with the name given by Samuel Jones to Union. Traversed by excellent turnpikes in all directions, her eastern border laved by the Great Miami, along which runs the canal, drained by numerous streams ; rich and fertile soil, capable, within itself, of perpetual regeneration ; excellent building material, both stone and timber ; central market, in the seat of justice for her produce - she is truly in a happy position to enjoy all the facilities tending to prosperity in every direction.

Among the earty settlers, we may mention Aaron Tullis, who came from Kentucky by way of Dayton, in a wagon, with a family of boys, arriving here in 1805 ; William Barbee, who came about 1804 ; Reuben Shackelford, Alexander Telford. In 1806, John Peck, with eight children, Jacob, John, Joseph, Isaac, and four daughters, came from Kentucky and settled* on Boone's place, one and a half miles from Troy. Mr. Peck came in the winter, selected his land and bought 160 acres, with one acre cleared, for $100. It had a little log-cabin on it, containing one room 16x18. His stock having been brought from Kentuck}', nearty all died the second year, losing eleven horses, besides sheep, hogs and cattle, only leaving him one mare, two or three cows and a few sheep. His land was of the best in the country, having four fine springs and good soil.

Abraham Thomas, another old settler, came in 1805, with two boys and as many girls, and located north of Mr. Peck. Mr. Thomas was in both campaigns of G. R. Clarke against the Indians in this vicinity, in 1780-82. It is said that he came with Boone. James Fourt came from Ireland, first to Georgetown, Ky., married there, and, in 1805, came to this township and settled south of Mr. Peck. McGimpsy and Steward wanted the same piece of land, improvised modern Olympics ; goal, Cincinnati ; the crown, land. The former won it, and got the land just as his competitor was entering the door.

David Jenkins, from South Carolina, cleared a patch and erected a cabin southwest of Mr. Peck's quarter-section, in 1807. The same year, the little community was increased by James Knight, from Pennsylvania, who located one mile east. In the way of agriculture during this period, Gahagan's Prairie yielded a bountiful return, and, having been previously formed by the Indians, it offered no stubborn resistance to the primitive instruments of the pioneer.

Corn was the principal harvest, serving for man and beast, wheat not being raised for several years subsequent to the first settlement. The first attempt of Mr. Peck yielded him forty-one bushels to the acre, perhaps the first acre of wheat sown in the township. These were the days when they went to mill on horseback, with a two-bushel sack, through the woods so thick that the limbs would pull off the sacks. The flour was bolted by hand, and frequently taking two days to go and return. There were only two wagons in this neighborhood up to 1814, and only two mills : Mendenhall's, in Elizabeth Township, and Henry Gerard's, for grinding wheat and corn by water.

The first schoolhouse was of the usual style - round logs and greased paper windows - with a few months' school in the winter, from which the boys were deprived in pretty weather, when the}' could work at home. Samuel Anderson, from Kentucky, was the first teacher in this schoolhouse. Mr. Peck had gone to school to him in Kentucky, where he was in the habit of visiting a stillhouse every noon, and, on his return, would cut a beech stick and give each pupil a tap as he came in ; but he could get no whisky here. Puncheon floors, wooden hinges, paper windows, three-legged stools and cavernous fire-places, were characteristic of all pioneer buildings in those days, while, with the latter convenience, the smoke had no particular direction of egress.

Perhaps twenty or thirty children would come to school wearing moccasins, and wading in the snow knee-deep, with rags tied around their legs to keep the water out.

Subsequently, the Baptists organized a church, and had preaching sometimes at Mr. Thomas', the first preacher being Stephen Riddle, Tvho had lived with and fought for the Indians, and "killed white men until his back ached had his ears slit and wore ornaments in them of lead. In 1813 or 1814, a log church was built near Mr. Peck's, heated by an old-fashioned ten-plate stove. The first preacher in this church was a man named Steepleton. A New Light Church was built soon after in Troy, which still remains.

The first blacksmith was Mr. Thomas, who held forth in a log pen for a shop ; burned his own charcoal for the forge ; shod their horses but once a year, and thought they did well at that, but then there were no graveled pikes to wear off the hoofs, the land was low and soft and horses would sink to their knees ; but now, through drainage, it is the best in the township, then worthless, such has been the change in all things. The panic, during the war of 1812. extended to this township as well as the other frontier, and on the slightest alarm, even barking of a dog, the family would be aroused, and children wrapped up, homes deserted, and places of safety sought in the dense forest, shivering the while from fear of the glittering scalping-knife. Notwithstanding all apprehensions, no attack was made by the Indians, whose attention was completely absorbed by the active operations of Gen. Harrison in other localities.

When the cloud of war had passed over, immigration revived with renewed vigor, and the whole aspect of the country assumed a more lively appearance. It is said as many as eighty sleds, loaded with whisky, would pass on their wa}^ to Fort Wayne and St. Mary's during a day, to stimulate the patriotism of the soldiery.

Even up to this date, agriculture was in its infancy. Hogs grew fat on the food of nature, and not five bushels of corn were needed to fatten a hundred hogs. Corn was raised simply for food, cultivated by hoeing and digging around stumps. A man who could go to mill with two bushels of corn was considered a prosperous farmer. Potatoes were a luxury introduced a long time after the first settlement, and commanded a very high price, a French crown being paid for one-half bushel.

Most of the immigrants came here without teams, hiring their furniture, what little they had, hauled by professional movers, who would move one family in and return for another. Having no fences in those days, all the stock was belled, yet, despite this precaution, they were frequently lost. Marketing consisted chiefly of butter and eggs, which were taken to Staunton. Few groceries were bought, as sugar was made at home from the tree, and sage and sassafras took the place of the productions of China ; rye made good pioneer coffee, and tans}', pennyroyal and other herbs made good medicine. Ague was the most prevalent disease.

The first man was buried in a corn-field. It was the custom then to bury the dead on their own premises. Messrs. Thomas and Kyle started the first graveyard in the neighborhood, but the first regular cemetery was at Troy.

In traveling, people would go many rods around a log or tree -top, as no regular road was made, and circumstances of nature altered each road at will.

Grain was cut with sickles, which process was considered quite expeditious, and the instrument a wonderful invention. Mr. Peck raised the first rye in the county, and his son John cut the first handful of the same, at the same time cutting his little finger, which has never become straight since.

Alexander McCullough built the first brick house, in 1813, burnt his own brick and assisted in the work. It stands yet, and is occupied by his grandson.

In those days, they pulled corn in the daytime, threw it in piles under a covering, and invited thirty or forty boys and girls for miles around, and husked it

This township is centrally located, bounded on the north by Washington, on the east by the Miami River, on the south by Monroe and part of Union, and on the west by Newton ; organized about 1807, and named by the Commissioners appointed for that purpose, Concord, vying with the name given by Samuel Jones to Union. Traversed by excellent turnpikes in all directions, her eastern border laved by the Great Miami, along which runs the canal, drained by numerous streams ; rich and fertile soil, capable, within itself, of perpetual regeneration ; excellent building material, both stone and timber ; central market, in the seat of justice for her produce - she is truly in a happy position to enjoy all the facilities tending to prosperity in every direction.

Among the early settlers, we may mention Aaron Tullis, who came from Kentucky by way of Dayton, in a wagon, with a family of boys, arriving here in 1805 ; William Barbee, who came about 1804 ; Reuben Shackelford, Alexander Telford. In 1806, John Peck, with eight children, Jacob, John, Joseph, Isaac, and four daughters, came from Kentucky and settled, on Boone's place, one and a half miles from Troy. Mr. Peck came in the winter, selected his land and bought 160 acres, with one acre cleared, for $100. It had a little log-cabin on it, containing one room 16x18. His stock having been brought from Kentucky, nearty all died the second year, losing eleven horses, besides sheep, hogs and cattle, only leaving him one mare, two or three cows and a few sheep. His land was of the best in the country, having four fine springs and good soil.

Abraham Thomas, another old settler, came in 1805, with two boys and as many girls, and located north of Mr. Peck. Mr. Thomas was in both campaigns of G. R. Clarke against the Indians in this vicinity, in 1780-82. It is said that he came with Boone. James Fourt came from Ireland, first to Georgetown, Ky., married there, and, in 1805, came to this township and settled south of Mr. Peck. McGimpsy and Steward wanted the same piece of land, improvised modern Olympics ; goal, Cincinnati ; the crown, land. The former won it, and got the land just as his competitor was entering the door.

David Jenkins, from South Carolina, cleared a patch and erected a cabin southwest of Mr. Peck's quarter-section, in 1807. The same year, the little community was increased by James Knight, from Pennsylvania, who located one mile east. In the way of agriculture during this period, Gahagan's Prairie yielded a bountiful return, and, having been previously formed by the Indians, it offered no stubborn resistance to the primitive instruments of the pioneer.

Corn was the principal harvest, serving for man and beast, wheat not being raised for several years subsequent to the first settlement. The first attempt of Mr. Peck yielded him forty-one bushels to the acre, perhaps the first acre of wheat sown in the township. These were the days when they went to mill on horseback, with a two-bushel sack, through the woods so thick that the limbs would pull off the sacks. The flour was bolted by hand, and frequently taking two days to go and return. There were onty two wagons in this neighborhood up to 1814, and only two mills : Mendenhall's, in Elizabeth Township, and Henry Gerard's, for grinding wheat and corn by water.

The first schoolhouse was of the usual style - round logs and greased paper windows - with a few months' school in the winter, from which the boys were deprived in pretty weather, when they could work at home. Samuel Anderson, from Kentucky, was the first teacher in this schoolhouse. Mr. Peck had gone to school to him in Kentucky, where he was in the habit of visiting a stillhouse every noon, and, on his return, would cut a beech stick and give each pupil a tap as he came in ; but he could get no whisky here. Puncheon floors, wooden hinges, paper windows, three-legged stools and cavernous fire-places, were characteristic of all pioneer buildings in those days, while, with the latter convenience, the smoke had no particular direction of egress.

Perhaps twenty or thirty children would come to school wearing motcasins, and wading in the snow knee-deep, with rags tied around their legs to keep the water out.

Subsequently, the Baptists organized a church, and had preaching sometimes at Mr. Thomas', the first preacher being Stephen Biddle, who had lived with and fought for the Indians, and "killed white men until his back ached had his ears slit and wore ornaments in them of lead. In 1813 or 1814, a log church was built near Mr. Peck's, heated by an old-fashioned ten-plate stove. The first preacher in this church was a man named Steepleton. A New Light Church was built soon after in Troy, which still remains.

The first blacksmith was Mr. Thomas, who held forth in a log pen for a shop ; burned his own charcoal for the forge ; shod their horses but once a year, and thought they did well at that, but then there were no graveled pikes to wear off the hoofs, the land was low and soft and horses would sink to their knees ; but now, through drainage, it is the best in the township, then worthless, such has been the change in all things. The panic, during the war of 1812. extended to this township as well as the other frontier, and on the slightest alarm, even barking of a dog, the family would be aroused, and children wrapped up, homes deserted, and places of safety sought in the dense forest, shivering the while from fear of the glittering scalping-knife. Notwithstanding all apprehensions, no attack was made by the Indians, whose attention was completely absorbed by the active operations of Gen. Harrison in other localities.

When the cloud of war had passed over, immigration revived with renewed vigor, and the whole aspect of the country assumed a more lively appearance. It is said as many as eighty sleds, loaded with whisk}', would pass on their way to Fort Wayne and St. Mary's during a day, to stimulate the patriotism of the soldiery.

Even up to this date, agriculture was in its infancy. Hogs grew fat on the food of nature, and not five bushels of corn were needed to fatten a hundred hogs. Corn was raised simply for food, cultivated by hoeing and digging around stumps. A man who could go to mill with two bushels of corn was considered a prosperous farmer. Potatoes were a luxury introduced a long time after the first settlement, and commanded a very high price, a French crown being paid for one-lialf bushel.

Most of the immigrants came here without teams, hiring their furniture, what little they had, hauled by professional movers, who would move one family in and return for another. Having no fences in those days, all the stock was belled, yet, despite this precaution, they were frequently lost. Marketing consisted chiefly of butter and eggs, which were taken to Staunton. Few groceries were bought, as sugar was made at home from the tree, and sage and sassafras took the place of the productions of China ; rye made good pioneer coffee, and tansy, pennyroyal and other herbs made good medicine. Ague was the most prevalent disease.

The first man was buried in a corn-field. It was the custom then to bury the dead on their own premises. Messrs. Thomas and Kyle started the first graveyard in the neighborhood, but the first regular cemetery was at Troy.

In traveling, people would go many rods around a log or tree -top, as no regular road was made, and circumstances of nature altered each road at will.

Grain was cut with sickles, which process was considered quite expeditious, and the instrument a wonderful invention. Mr. Peck raised the first rye in the county, and his son John cut the first handful of the same, at the same time cutting his little finger, which has never become straight since.

Alexander McCullough built the first brick house, in 1813, burnt his own brick and assisted in the work. It stands yet, and is occupied by his grandson.

In those days, they pulled corn in the daytime, threw it in piles under a covering, and invited thirty or forty boys and girls for miles around, and husked it after night. The com was put in piles, a rail in the center, two umpires chosen, two appointed to choose up, and the work began ; the throat soon getting husky, the little brown jug was passed around, and boys and girls each took a "pull," and that so much, too, that they would feel the elevating effects to such an extent sometimes as to end in a general row ; but the whisky was the pure material, and did not injure any one as it does now. If a neighbor happened in and the bottle was not offered, the host was considered too stingy for social purposes.

Considerable trading was done with the Indians, who traded furs and skins for whisk}r, sugar, " tobac" and needles, one enterprising merchant demanding a ^coon-skin for a needle.

The pioneers were independent in the way of dress, raising their own flax and wool. Fine shirts were unknown ; anything above 600 thread was considered dand}Tism. Muslin cost 75 cents then ; tow linen was used for pants ; they made their own pants, and linsey-woolsey dresses. Crimps, flounces, pull-backs nor spit curls were in vogue.

All the fruit they had was the wild plum and gooseberry, which grew in the woods and prairie. The first fruit trees in the township, and no doubt in the county, were brought from Kentucky in saddle-bags, by Abram Thomas. Mr. Peck had the first peach orchard, from seed brought from Kentucky.

Cord-wood was cheap ; sold in Troy for 37J cents per cord. A man would chop a cord in the morning, haul half of it at a time, make two trips, and realize 37^ cents or half-yard of muslin. Corn was 8 cents per bushel, wheat 25, and oats 6^, and, after carrying it, in early times, on horseback, it was hard to sell at that. Stock was driven to Baltimore to find a market.

Abraham Thomas, one of the oldest settlers here, was a Revolutionary soldier, and came to this township from Kentucky with Daniel Boone. He is said to have cut the first sapling on the site of Cincinnati, and died in 1843.

William Gahagan entered the land Troy was laid out on. He was one of Gen. Wayne's soldiers, and was so proud of it, and referred to it so often, that finally ihe was called Gen. Wayne. He had three sons and daughter.

James Orr, with six boys and five girls, came from Kentucky and settled in this township in 1804, on the section now occupied by the Daniel Favorite heirs. At one time, running out of meal, he traded a barrel of whisky to Jonathan Rollins for that useful article.

Other old settlers were James Go wart, Matthew Caldwell, J. Alexander, A. McCullough, James Marshall, John Johnston, Henry Orbisonand Joseph McCorkle, mostly from Kentucky.

Henceforth, the history of Concord is absorbed in the description of Troy, and we shall simply mention a few pikes and bridges, and close with a history of the county seat.

The Troy & Covington pike runs from the southwest corner of Section 2, through Sections 11, 12, 18, 20 and 21, to Troy. The Troy & Newton pike enters at the southwest corner of Section 23, passes through Sections 21, 30, 29 and 28, and enters Troy on the south.

The Troy & Stillwater pike enters at the northwest corner of Section 4, passes through Sections 36, 31, 32, and intersects the Newton pike in Section 29.

The Dayton & Michigan Railroad enters the southeast corner of the township and runs north ; enters Troy and crosses the bridge into Staunton Township.

Troy

As the Greeks, by divine skill of Pallas, built a mountainous horse, within whose womb destruction lurked for Troy, and when discovered in the deserted camp of the foe, much contention arose. Thymoetes smiles with joy, and advises to take the treacherous design within the gates of Troy, but Capys, more wise, strenuously urges to throw it in the sea. Laocoon, despising the cunning G-reeks, thrusts his spear into the monster's side, until within its hollow caverns, it resounds again, but all opposition gives way, and the instrument of destruction is taken within the walls, and, issuing from their prison, the Greeks set fire to Troy, and open wide the gates to their exultant brethren.

So, likewise, did contention spring up in modern Troy, and the Piquods and Trojans strove, when, at the September term of court, in 1807, the Commissioners ordered the laying out of the seat of justice. Other rivals also joined in the war. By some, Staunton, the original county seat, sought to retain her position as the most desirable. While the attention of the Commissioners was directed to Mr. Marshall's farm, Samuel Beedle sent them an invitation to view his farm, while Piqua regarded its location there sine dubio. Troy, it seems, was equally anxious, but perhaps, conscious of her favorable location, awaited the sequel with more patience.

The first survey of the town was made by Andrew Wallace, December 16, 1807. Originally, eighty-seven lots were laid off, beginning on Water and Clay streets, numbered one, and comprising all between the river and back street to Short street. On August 21, 1808, a second survey and additions were made, which have since been added to, from time to time. On the 2d day of December, 1807, Robert Crawford was appointed Town Director, and gave bond in $2,000, conditioned for the faithful discharge of the duties of the office, viz., to purchase land designated by the Commissioners, for the seat of justice, lay off the same in lots, streets and alleys, according to the instructions of the court.

On the 9th of February, 1811, Cornelius Westfall was appointed Director vice Crawford, giving bond in $3,000. The lands comprised in the survey of April 27, 1808, consisted of a tract of thirty acres, deeded to the Director by William Gahaghan, out of fractional Section 27, Township 5, Range 6, which was divided into lots, numbered from eighty -eight.

Northwest from the first survey, Lots No. 121 to 168 were laid out. B}r the same survey, forty-six outlots, including fractions, were laid out southwest of the back street. Whole lots were 16x24 rods. On the 10th of July, 1834, John Grahagan and Thomas L. Barrett, with Jacob Knoop. Surveyor, laid out twentynine lots southeast of the second survey. Smith & Barbee, August 28, 1849, with J. B. Fish, Surveyor, laid out lots west of the canal.

The original lands selected for the now beautiful town of Troy were laid off' in the center of a dense forest, and purchased for $3 per acre. The ground that now forms the square, once was the resting-place of the deer ; the spot upon which the piano now stands, re-echoed once to the howl of the wolf.

Among the very first citizens of Troy, was Mr. Overfield, who kept a tavern or travelers' rest in this place. Mr. Overfield was certainly no respecter of persons ; epaulets and buckskin breeches were treated with the same urbanity. Through strict economy and close application to business, he made rapid progress on the road to prosperity. On the 24th of March, 1810, he suffered an irreparable loss in the death of his wife, leaving a family of children motherless. His household affairs were taken charge of b}r Mrs. Tenner}', whose husband had, shortly prior to this, died.

Soon, one Thomas Oliver rented his house, and began tavern-keeping again ; in the meantime, Mr. Overfield was drafted, and sent to Greenville to perform military duty. While guarding the frontier, he met a Miss Rebecca Simpson. The soldier readily surrendered to her charms, Mark Antony-like, and, as soon as he was mustered out of service, he brought her home as his wife. Mr. Oliver gave up the reins of government, and Mrs. Overfield took charge of the tavern, with Mr Oliver as boarder.

It seems that one Roberts, of Troy, was also a boarder, and the fair Cleopatra inclined unto him, although legal proceeding were instituted, the offense was finally condoned by Mr. 0., and peace once more reigned in Troy. Mr. O.'s house was the scene of the little renconter between Judge Dunlavy and St. Clair and Kerr, when the rot-gut elevated the latter gentleman to a noisy pitch, unpleasant to the former. Notwithstanding the domestic difficulty, they continued the tavern, and it seems the fare was so tempting that the run of custom suffered no diminution. On the removal of Maj. Hart from the house on the north corner of the square, it was occupied by Mr. 0., who continued his tavern here, making one step in advance in an ethical point, by opening his bar-room for prayer-meeting and preaching, the celebrated revivalist, Reuben Dooley, figuring largely on these occasions. Of course, whisky and religion did not run smoothly from the same faucet, therefore meeting-nights were not prolific of whisky trade. The whole front on Water street consisted of one-story buildings, with the single exception of the tavern, which was a two-story frame. Some time in 1824, an incendiary fire broke out in the onestory buildings, and, through want of engines or even ladders, all were destroyed. Mr. O.'s goods were only saved by being carried out. From here, he moved to the Ewing House, north corner of Main and Cherry, where he continued in a prosperous business until his death, in July, 4831. Another of the prominent citizens of Troy, was " Billy " Barbee, who bought a lot on Market street, for $65. In addition to this, when he married Miss Peggy Marshall, his father gave him eight}7 acres of land, and his wife was the owner of eighty also. Clearing out a patch on the former, he built a cabin, and when his father died, he threw his improvements in hotch-pot, and came to Troy, built a log-cabin on his lot, rented a kit of blacksmith's tools, hired a journeyman and started in business.

His assistants, not willing to work under his instructions, were discharged. Having learned to shoe a horse, he made a specialty of it during the war of 1812, which at that time was very lucrative. After amassing quite a little fortune, he formed a partnership with Dr. Telford and Moses L. Meeker, in the dry-goods business, and to keep pace with his rising position built a two-story brick house. While his two partners managed the store, he continued to wield the hammer.

His word was as good as his bond, and he always confined himself strictly to the terms of his contract, and expected the same of his co-contractor. He Was very benevolent, and many a poor person has been the recipient of his alms. The blacksmithing, under his personal supervision, prospered, but the store soon stranded. Mr. Barbee was the only partner of means, and the Sheriff seized his goods. With the money that he had made in the shop he bought cattle, and drove them to the village of Chicago and liquidated the debt. He now left the shop and began speculating on a large scale, and died worth over $300,000.

Squire Brown came from Staunton during the infancy of Troy, and carried on a saddlery business in a little shop that stood just a little below where John Culbertson's house now is. In that little shop, Henry Culbertson graduated in saddle-making. Here Isaac Peck learned to make his first blind-bridle ; here the Squire dispensed law and the United States mail. On the next corner Henry Culbertson built a house. He came to Troy in 1814, finished the saddler's trade with James Brown, which he had begun with Col. Reed, of Dayton, at the end of which he conducted a successful business for himself. In 1821 he was elected County Auditor; in 1840, entered into partnership with his brothers and Mr. Dye, in the BossonMill, which, in 1850, was consumed by fire. The company rebuilt the mill and soon dissolved partnership, Culbertson going into merchandising, when he was again burned out, which seemed to paralyze his energies.

Joseph Culbertson came to Troy in 1808 a poor boy. A lot was presented to him by Mr. Gahagan, from which he cleared the timber, hired Peter Sewell to snake the logs together for a cabin, paying in wool hats for his boys and self. Subsequently erecting a Buckeye shop, he began his trade making wool hats. He traded a fancy hunting-shirt for tools and stock, and carried on a prosperous business, meanwhile educating his brother Samuel and Joseph L. Tennery in the art of hatting. He was elected Township Treasurer and served many years.

On the corner of Mulberry and Water streets stood a weather-boarded log house, the first court house and first tavern, in 1807. The first still-house in the county stood at the mouth.

On the corner of Water and Clay streets stood a plain frame, occupied by William Brown, who, in partnership with John Wallace, started a carpenter shop during the first settlement. Mr. Wallace thought a jug of wThisky was a good preventive of miasma. Brown, though skeptical, consented ; Wallace filled the jug first, and Brown the second time, but, perceiving the increase in Wallace's doses, Brown dissolved partnership in the whisky business, but W. clung to the jug, and died poor, while B. filled the office of County Treasurer and became a useful citizen. On the opposite corner of Clay and Water dwelt Dr. DeJoucourt, the Hippocrates of Troy, who dispensed pills and drew blood without stint in those early days ; then the anaemic was phlebotomized if he contained no more blood than an Egyptian mummy. On the west corner of Main and Clay a lot was donated by Mr. Gahagan to the Methodist Church, and, George H. Houston granting them the privilege to get material from a Mr. Phillips' land, below town, they erected a log building in which to hold divine worship. Methodism was embryonic, and had, as yet, no organized church in Troy, though there was a class at Mr. Winan's, where Raper Chapel now stands. To be sure, the new church was not frescoed, had no gas, pews were not cushioned, had no pipe organ, and all the modern accessories to worship, but then they were led in singing by Henry West, and they sometimes got very happy. The poor were not overawed b}T the grandeur of the exterior or blazonr}7 of the interior. There was nothing to hinder the human soul from going right up in direct supplication to its God.

The first building called the Clerk's office was a large two-story frame house, located where Dillaway & Davis' store now is. Back of it was a log kitchen, in which the Clerk lived, and held office in the front.

This was afterward supplanted by a brick building, 12x15 feet square, between Mulberry and Walnut, This was not only the Clerk's office, but also the Recorder's office, post office, Commissioners' office, Town Director's office, Master Commissioner in Chancery's office ; for all these functions were performed b}T, and resided in, Mr. Cornelius Westfall, and he was, as our red brethren would say, " Heap much office-holder." When Mr. W. removed from the frame, Mr. Fielding Loury occupied it with a store, and moved his family into the kitchen. The house now occupied by W. H. H. Dye was built by Dr. Asa Coleman, who, when quite a yoting man, in 1811, stopped in Troy and began the practice of medicihe in a little brick office. In 1814, he built the east wing of Mr. D.'s house, subsequently putting up the front. The old market house, on Main street, was built of pillars of brick, but has long since been torn down.

With the advent of railroads, canals and pikes, the rich agricultural country surrounding it, Troy increased steadily in wealth and population after the war of 1812, up to the present. Her streets have been improved and beautified, her buildings have been remodeled and enlarged, and new ones erected. Manufactories have sprung into existence, some of which we shall briefl}* describe.

Beedle & Kelly agricultural works were built by Wright & McGalliard in 1867. The following year they associated with them John Kelly, a practical machinist, from Milton. In the following June, the buildings were completed and operations begun ; 1869, McGaillard retired, followed by Wright in 1870, the present proprietors being A. F. Beedle and John Kelly. For a time, the firm made a specialty of plows in connection with a general foundry and machine-shop. In 1873, the champion corn planter engaged their attention, of which they now make a specialty. The building at present covers the corner of Race and Mulberry streets, and is about 220 feet long. Estimated value of real estate, merchandise, machinery,

The Tixty Spring Wagon Company was incorporated in 1872, with a capital stock of $60,000, $53,900 paid in. Officers - H. W. Allen, President ; W. H. H. Dye, Tice President ; W. J. Meredith, Secretary and Treasurer. Directors - H. W. Allen, S. K. Harter, 0. D. Skinner, N. Toby, W. H. H. Dye, J. H. Young, S. A. Cairns, W. J. Meredith. Employ from sixty to eighty hands ; business good, increasing annually. This manufactory covers five acres of ground ; has 87,500 square feet of floor, and contains all the latest facilities for doing perfect work.

Besides these, Troy has corn shellers with a capacity of 1,000 bushels per day ; malt establishment, patent medicine establishments, and various other industrial enterprises.

Hydraulics were incorporated under a certificate filed March 5, 1866, and signed b}^ William B. McClung, W. H. H. Dye, C. H. Culbertson, Elias Skinner, John D. Meredith, Samuel Davis, C. N. Hoagland, C. D. Coolidge, H. H. Culbertson, John Masserman and M. G-. Mitchell ; whereby they became a joint stock hydraulic and manufacturing company, the principal object being to furnish Troy with water.

At the organization, W. B. McClung was elected President ; S. R. Harter, Treasurer ; L. T. Dillaway, Secretary ; John Knoop, S. R. Harter, N. Smithers, E. Holden, L. T. Dillaway, H. 0. Sellers, H. Coleman, J. C. McCaig and W. B. Mc- Clung. A statement made by the President April 20, 1870, showed that $19,500 had been subscribed by fifty-nine names. A canal was dug from above the lock at Farrington's mill and distillery, terminating in a reservoir west of Troy, canal being thirty-five feet wide at the top, and twenty at the bottom, five feet deep, and fall of three inches to the mile, and four and one-half miles long. The reservoir is to be walled in by embankments of solid masonry, with face set in hydraulic cement. John Knoop being the principal stockholder, the property finally went into his hands, and after his death was purchased of his heirs by L. Hayner, the present owner.

The first foundry was built in 1838, by John Smeltzer, and afterward sold to Elisha T. Harker, who ran it till 1844, when he took in Orbison, then continued it till 1847, and sold to Brandrulf.

Richard and Dana Shilling went into the firm till 1849, when Shilling sold out to them. Brandruff and Richard bought it all, then sold out to Shilling Brothers in 1850, who built and run it under name of Shilling & Brother for seven years. Since that time Dana Shilling is the head of the firm ; runs four or five hands ; brass casting, custom work and machinery of all kinds.

The Press Of Troy

It is believed the first newspaper in Troy was started in 1822, under the name of Miami Reporter , Micajah Fairchild, publisher. In 1828 it passed into the hands of John T. Tullis, who published it about eight years, when it was purchased by N. C. Langdon, who in turn sold it to H. D. Stout in 1841. The paper then passed into the hands of Furnas & Little, who, with one Hunter, conducted it till 1852, when it was transferred to Marven & Munson, of whom it was bought in 1855, when it was finally purchased by E. C. Harmon in 1857, who continued its publication until it ceased in 1869.

The Miami Union issued its first number January 1, 1865, under the control of J. W. Defrees, editor and proprietor. February 28, 1871, the entire establishment, including a valuable librar}', was destroyed by fire, the only vestige left to the editor being a lead pencil and note book. Mr. D. immediately resumed publication in the job office of E. C. Harmon, and in March, 1871, came out with an enlarged sheet all the better from its phoenixian experience. In politics, it is Republican. S. S. Defrees, son of J. W., is local editor. This sheet has a very wide circulation and is quite popular.

Troy Sentinel (Democratic) was begun in 1878, under the supervision of J. A. McConaley, subsequently passing into the hands of J. Manfred Kerr, who continued it until March 4, 1880, when it was discontinued.

The Troy Imperial. - The material, fixtures, etc., of the Sentinel , were purchased by the Imperial Publishing Company shortly after its discontinuance, and on the 3d day of April, 1880, the first number of the Imperial was issued ; A. Kaga, editor, Ed. j. Scott, manager ; office Pearson's block, second floor ; Democratic. This paper is a synonym for neatness, and the proprietors are courteous gentlemen.

The Troy Weekly Bulletin was started January 1, 1875, by William H. and Cal Bidlac, and, after a short existence, was discontinued. Republican in politics.

First National Bank , successor to the Miami County Branch of the State Bank, established in 1863. President, Asa 0. Coleman ; Cashier, John C. Culbertson ; Board of Directors, Asa Coleman, Jacob Knoop, J. L. Meredith ; subsequent Cashiers, Daniel Brown, L. Hayner, S. R. Harter, H. W. Allen. Cash capital, $200,000. In 1865, H. W. Allen was elected President and Daniel Smith successor to Meredith, deceased ; Jacob Rohrer. Vice President ; Board of Directors, Jacob Rohrer, S. R. Harter. Horace Coleman, S. R. Statler, George Ziegenfelder, Cyrus T. Brown and II. W. Allen. Bank in good standing at present.

Miami County Bank , established by W. H. H. Dye & Sons, June, 1871, succeeded by the Miami County Bank, June 17, 1879. W. H. Weekly, President ; Noah Yount, Cashier. Cash capital, $50,000. In a flourishing condition.

The Methodist Church was organized about 1815. Preachers, Bascom, Finney, Elliot, William Raper. Services were conducted in a log house ten or twelve years. In 1 823, the present parsonage was built. The present church was built about 1840 ; during 1863, it was remodeled and improved, and is at present worth about $15,000.

The Episcopal Church was organized May, 1831. Rev. Ethan Allen was the first preacher. The number who signed the articles of association was thirty-six, six of whom are now living. Allen preached about twenty-seven years, and was succeeded by Rev. A. Guy on, who presided three years. A cottage was donated by Dr. Asa Coleman, in 1833, on Franklin street. A church was built the same year, a comfortable brick, 52x32, on a lot 66x48. No regular Pastor now. The church has suffered from emigration and death. Before the church building was erected, services were held in the court house, Methodist Episcopal Church, and various other places. The church was consecrated November 10, 1835, by Bishop Mcllvain, and called Trinity Church. Numbers about thirty members. Dr. Reifer is the only one living in Troy who signed the original articles of association.

Christian Church. - On the first Sunday in October, 1856, Elder James Maple preached for the Missionary Board of the Miami Christian Conference in the court house. The board pledged themselves to furnish a preacher, provided a suitable place of worship could be secured, which was done, in hiring the court house until August, 1857. Elders Maple, McKinney, McWhinney, Barghdury, Simonton and Dougherty were among the earl}' preachers. August 10, 1857, at a meeting of the members, a subscription was raised amounting to $308, to support a minister, the ensuing year enlarged to $521, when the services of Elder McKinney were secured for $400 per year, preaching twice a month at Mayo's Hall.

The'church was organized August 23, 1857, with twenty-seven members. The present building was finished August, 1863. Members, 132. Sunday school. 159.

November, 1865, the Christian Missionary Society was organized with the object of bringing poor children into the Sunday school. Elder J. P. Watson was called to the pastorate in 1870, and so continues to the present. Its members now number about 400, and Sunday school 200, and the church and all its adjuncts are in a prosperous condition.

Presbyterian Church. - The first services were held in an old brick schoolhouse, in 1818, by George Burgess, the first minister employed, two years of which he preached in the schoolhouse ; he also organized a church at Piqua. Sometimes preaching was held in the court house. In 1826, they built a house on Franklin street, in which Mr. Coe preached till 1837, after which, one Harrison presided until the division of Old and New School took place, when the property wsls sold, and money divided, and then services were held in the new court house till 1839. Mr. Rice preached the first sermon to the New School. The new church was built in 1839, on Franklin street. Rice preached in a frame. The new brick was begun in 1859, and finished in 1863. Calhoun came in 1862, and preached three or four years, when the New and Old Churches united in 1863 or 1864, after which Daniel Tenney preached till 1866. Difficulties occurring, A. W. Cloaky took his place till 1868.

German Lutherans. - The German Lutherans began about 1841 to hold meetings in various places. Six families in the beginning. Among the first ministers were Mr. Klap, Doepken and Eidemiller. Mr. Smither and Barker donated the ground for the first church ; Sabbath school was cotemporaneous with the church. G. H. Hinderer preached in the old church from 1858 till 1869, when the congregation, then numbering nearly 100, divided, after which he held services in the Episcopalian Church for one year, then bought the old Presbyterian Church. About fifty members at present ; Sunday school every Sabbath, forty to seventy -five scholars ; also prayer-meeting every two weeks.

A Methodist Episcopal Church was organized at a called meeting at the Methodist Episcopal Church, by Rev. T. Boyle, February 23, 1874. The first succeeding services were held in the small hall of Mr. Dye, on the 1st of March following. For some time the church was without a Pastor, and prayer-meetings onty were held, and sometimes class-meetings. Shortly, Rev. John Downs was engaged for a year, when the membership amounted to forty. The next Pastor was Rev. D. W. Heston, who was succeeded by Charles W. Washington, who in turn was succeeded by Daniel Tucker, the present Pastor.

Baptist Church. - March 27, 1834, a meeting was had at the old church, corner Franklin and Cherry streets, with Elder J. L. Moore in the chair, J. W. Meredith, Clerk, at which a committee was appointed, consisting of J. L. Moore, Elijah Counts and Amariah Smalley to prepare articles of organization ; at a subsequent meeting, May 9, 1834, the organization was completed with thirty-one members. J. L. Moore was chosen the first Pastor, June 21, 1834, E. Counts and A. Smalley, first deacons ; preaching, semi-monthly. February 10,1838, E. French was Pastor.

The Methodist Episcopal Church in Troy, Ohio, was organized in 1838, by Rev. M. M. Clark, with a membership of twelve ; present membership sixty. Church building has been twice enlarged, and is now worth $1,500. Sabbath school of seventy scholars and eight teachers. Rev. William Johnson present Pastor.

Fire Department

The Fire Department of Troy was organized in the fall of 1857. The company consisted of about seventy-five members, fifty of which belonged to the Mohawk Company, and the remainder to the hose carriage. Jack Julian was the first foreman of the department. The present officers are : John Weatherhead, Chief of the Fire Department, and Jesse Shilling, Chief Engineer and General Manager; George Myers, Assistant Chief Engineer. There are now two steamers in the company, viz., the Troy and the H. S. Mayo, the former having cost $7,200, and the latter $5,000 ; also one hook and ladder truck worth $890, and 2,000 feet of hose. The force is a very efficient one, and in the most serious fire which has.

occurred since the company was organized, in 1871, they succeeded in saving as much property as would have paid for all previous outlays of the company.

Town Hall

The town hall is one of the best buildings to be found, in a town the size of Troy, perhaps, in the State. The lot upon which the building stands cost $10,000, and the hall was erected at a cost of $50,000. The furniture is excellent, and the stage and scenery compare favorably with far more pretentious structures.

Secret Organizations Schools Of Troy

In 1804, the population of what is now Concord Township, consisted of but three families, so that the necessity of public schools did not make itself apparent until several years later. In 1813-14, the first school in Troy was taught b}r Mr. Samuel Kyle, in a log house situated on the corner of Market and Water streets ; this edifice, by no means noted for architectural beaut}r, was without floor or windows. The town at this time was small, and the roll-book showed an attendance of about twelve pupils. The next schoolhouse was more pretentious in some respects, and the seekers after knowledge were here presided over b}r John G. Clark, in 1816. As was the custom on such occasions, when Christmas came, Mr. Clark proceeded to " treat, " but, instead of offering the scholars the sweetmeats usually provided for that purpose, he gave them something more stimulating, in the shape of whisky, diluted slightly with sugar and water, which was partaken of in such quantities that many of the pupils learned from personal experience what they had formerly known only from hearsay, viz., the pleasurable emotions which thrill the whole being of a man when for the first time he becomes tipsy. Mr. C. was a very eccentric individual, and punished his pupils in a variety of ridiculous ways, one of which was by splitting a goosequill, and flipping the nose of the offending youth with this torturous instrument, till he frequently roared with pain. After this a small brick building was erected on Main street, where the Edwards Schoolhouse now stands ; for this purpose, a public subscription was raised, and the house known as " The Academy" was built, consisting of a single room. The teachers were all paid by subscription. Rev. Micajah Fairfield was the village teacher in 1826, and, after filling the responsible position faithfully for two years, was succeeded by Thomas Barrett, who afterward served as County Judge. In 1831, John Petit had charge of the school ; this gentleman subsequently moved to Indiana, where he became a prominent man, and, removing to Kansas, he became United States Senator, and afterward United States District Judge. From 1836 to 1841 inclusive, the basements of the Episcopal and Baptists were respectively filled up and used for educational purposes. Uriah Fordjme taught in the Episcopal Church in 1837, and at the same time Hiram Brooks was teaching in the old brick house on Main street. A fine select school for young ladies was. taught by Miss Mary Barney in 1838. Greorge D. Burgess taught from 1839 to 1841, at $100 per quarter, this was increased in time to $225 per quarter, part of which was paid by subscription. Mr. B. taught the boys only, the girls were put under the care of Miss Altazera Eaton, who subsequently married Bev. T. P. Childs. Mr. F. W. Burgess, brother of Greorge D. Burgess, taught some time in 1841. Besides the common branches, Mr. B. organized and taught classes in algebra, geometry and Latin. In 1842, Robert McCurdy taught in a small building in the rear of the Presbyterian Church, and after that in a private house, then the property of Messrs. Grosvenor & Clark. About this time the upper story of the old Presbyterian Church was fitted up and used for school purposes. Mr. Irving Gales taught there in 1843, during which time he was assisted by Mr. Osgood, who afterward became a Presbjderian minister ; Miss Anna Jones also assisted Mr. Grates during the same time. This school was continued under the supervision of Mr. G-ates, till the organization of the graded system under the law of 1849. While Mr. Gates was teaching this school, another one was in progress in the Wesleyan Church, under the charge of Mr. Bement. These schools were supported by rival factions, and the animosities of the parents were shared to some extent by the children. Mr. Bement's pupils called those of the other school " Gate's Hinges." How the compliment was returned, neither tradition nor history informs us, but no doubt it was delicately reciprocated in some appropriate manner.

Benjamin F. Powers, afterward a prominent factor in educational matters, taught the school in 1832, and in 1833-34-35, a flourishing school was kept by an Irishman, who went through the world with the appropriate name of Walkup. In 1835-36, G. A. Murray taught in the Episcopal Church. He was assisted in his labors by his sister, who afterward became Mrs. Ressler. E. P. Coles taught in the Coolidge house, otherwise known as Fort Meisinger, in 1842-43. He paid attention principal^ to the higher branches, the principal features of one of his exhibitions being a Latin oration, delivered by Augustus Coleman, who served as a Colonel in the late rebellion, where he was killed. In 1846-47, a school was carried on in the old Wesleyan Church by Minor W., a son of Micajah Fairfield, and in 1845-46, a school was also carried on by Rev. Edmund B. Fairfield, who afterward became President of the State Agricultural College of Pennsylvania. He was assisted by his sister Sarah, who became the wife of Dr. N. S. Norton. As these early schools are not a matter of record, it is exceedingly difficult to give a correct history of them and their workings. Many of the teachers are most pleasantly remembered. Mr. McCurdy, especially, is spoken of as a man of broad culture, a fine scholar and most excellent instructor. Those who were his pupils in those old days never mention him but in the most laudable terms.

One of the beneficial effects of these early schools, was to prepare the mind of the public for the adoption of the " Law of Forty-nine." Under that law, a call was issued for a meeting to consider it with reference to its adoption. This call was signed by George D. Burgess, Rev. Daniel Rice, William B. Johnston, Benjamin F. Powers and Joseph Pearson. Several meetings were held, and the matter was discussed with much enthusiasm. The matter was the common topic of conversation in the town for three weeks. At the final meeting, the law was adopted by a fair majority, and, in accordance with its provisions, a Board of Education was elected the first week of June. The first Board of Education consisted of the following members : Charles Morris, Rev. Daniel Rice, Benjamin F.

Powers, William B. Johnston, Zachariah Riley and Henry S. Mayo. Under the successful management of these gentlemen, the schools grew rapidly in public favor. The citizens voted $6,000 for the purpose of erecting a schoolhouse, the board at that time fearing to ask more. The present Edwards building was then commenced, and soon $2,500 were added for its completion and the fencing of the grounds. The school interests of Troy were very fortunate in falling into such hands as constituted the first and succeeding Boards of Education. Nor was the board less fortunate in securing the services of Mr. W. N. Edwards, of Dayton, to superintend the village schools.

The first corps of teachers with salaries, was as follows : William N. Edwards, $800 ; Jonathan Arnott, $400 ; Arnold Fenner, $400 ; Miss Susan Linn, $300 ; Miss Catherine Oaylor, $225 ; Miss Frances Bice, $225 ; Miss Louisa Thorne, $200 ; Miss Bishoprick, $200. The salary of Mr. Edwards was increased to $1,200. This gentleman soon gained the hearty support and confidence of the board, and, under his wise and efficient management, the schools grew rapidl}7 into the confidence and affection of the people ; they committed the schools to his care till the summer of 1867, when he was removed by death. It has been said of him that " He laid the foundation of the union school so broad and deep that those who came after have had only to build in harmony with the original design." He was recognized as one of the foremost educators in the State, and was, for a time, one of the associate editors of the Ohio Journal of Education. At the public commencement, each year, a large portrait of Mr. Edwards forms a prominent feature in the decoration of the stage, " Being dead, he yet liveth."

Prof. H. A. Thompson, of Otterbein University, was chosen to fill the vacancy. Mr. Thompson occupied the position of Superintendent four years, during which time but few changes were made. At this period of the history, not much mental arithmetic was required. In the first and second primaries, half the children would attend in the morning, the remaining half in the afternoon. This was done on account of the rooms not being commodious enough to contain them all at once. The only objection to this arrangement was the extra work it afforded the teachers, which was quite an objection. Mr. Thompson resigned in 1871, to accept the presidenc}7 of the Otterbein University, and was succeeded by L. V. Ferris, of Vermont, an alumnus of Middlebury College, who had charge of the schools for three years. This gentleman removing to Chicago to begin the practice of law, in 1874, Mr. H. P. Ufford, of Delaware, Ohio, but at that time a teacher in Missouri, took charge of the schools. He was an excellent instructor, but, desiring to complete his collegiate course in the Otterbein University, at Delaware, Ohio, at the end of the first year declined being re-elected. In 1875, the Forest building, on Franklin street was completed, and occupied by Mr. John W. Dowd, formerly Principal of the Western District, in Chillicothe, Ohio, who took charge of the schools upon the removal of Mr. Ufford, and was assisted during his term by many able teachers.

Perhaps the greatest interest in school matters centers in the high school. It has ever been esteemed an honor to be numbered among its members. It was organized in 1852, at which time it consisted of seventy-five members. The course of stud}7 was not then established, and most of the pupils studied the common English branches. Soon, however, there was a regular course of study, and the first class graduated in 1856. Its members were Augusta Brandriff. Diana Meeks, John W. Morris and Walter S. Thomas. The liigh-school course of study consisted from the first, of four years, however, a three-years course has been added for the accommodation of those who might not have time to complete the regular course ; scholars seem loath to take advantage of this privilege as yet. The high school owns both an organ and a piano. An annual re-union of all members and ex-members is held in the Edwards building during the winter term, at which the school is opened in the usual manner, by singing, reading the Scriptures, and prayer, and calling the roll of the school from its foundation. Supper is prepared and served by members of the high school, and the evening is spent in reading letters from absent members and teachers, in listening to music, and in social enjoyment. The course of study includes four years of Latin, and, in that time, pupils are expected to become familiar with Caesar, and to read five books of Virgil's iEneid. Algebra, chemistry and geometry are studied, one year each. Physiology, physics and geology are studied two terms each. United

States history, botany, trigonometry, Constitution of the United States, physical geography, and rhetoric are one-term studies. The last term of the senior year is spent in reviewing the common branches. Rhetorical exercises are held in high school every Friday afternoon, each member coming twice on duty, every month. The high school teachers have always been such as to give character to the school. The Superintendent has usually taught about half his time, giving the other half to supervision.

The primary rooms being greatly crowded, a new building of four rooms, costing nearly $10,000 was erected in the eastern part of the town, on Franklin street, in 1874. The primary grades are tliu& doubled, the children east of Market street going to the new, or Forest building, those west of it attending the old building, named, by common consent, the Edwards Schoolhouse, in honor of the first Superintendent. About fourteen years ago, the board erected a building for the accommodation of the colored youth ; previous to this, the colored pupils had school but for three or four months in each year. All the schools now continue in session for ten months. The first term, being the longest, begins on the first Monday in September, and continues sixteen weeks ; the remaining two terms continue twelve weeks each.

Among these Barton S. Kyle was Lieutenant Colonel of the Seventy-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was killed at the battle of Shiloh, in 1862 ; W. H. H. Dye served as a member of the board for many years.

Robert Furnas was deeply interested in the schools, and, since his removal to Nebraska, of which State he afterward became Governor, has occasionally sent back valuable contributions to the school cabinet.

Mr. Dowd has superintended the schools since 1875, during which time Miss Dora J. Mayhew has held the position of Principal. The schools were never more prosperous than at present, and, under the care of the efficient corps of teachers now employed, there is for the schools of Troy a glorious future, when they will have attained a degree of excellence even much beyond the elevated standpoint they occupy at the present time.

DAVID M. ADAMS, farmer ; P. 0. Troy. David Adams is one of the practical farmers in this township, and has lived here long enough to give many facts of interest to the listener ; he was born in Troy in September, 1836 ; his first teacher was Mrs. Fairfield, the mother of the President of Lincoln University, Nebraska. When a boy, going to school, there was a pond holding water all the year round, where our nice school building now stands. His parents were David and Ellen Adams, who was a daughter of John and Martha Dougan. David, Jr., was married to Miss Mary Cory, March 11, 1875 ; their two sons are named Andrew C. and Louis A. Andrew was born Feb. 1, 1877 ; Louis, Jan. 18, 1879, and both are promising lads. Mr. Adams emigrated from North Carolina in 1817, and settled in Washington Township ; they were the parents of eight children who arrived at the age of maturity. Emeline, Louis, Elizabeth, Mary and Manlius were children of his first wife. His marriage to Miss Dougan was celebrated Dec. 27, 1827 ; their children were named John D., Andrew J., Finley, David M., Martha D. and Sarah E. Only four of the children are now living. As the ancestry of Mr. and Mrs. Adams were all Presbyterians, it is natural for them to follow in their footsteps ;. they are recorded among the first families in this neighborhood. In 1 855, David's parents moved to Minnesota for the benefit of his wife's health. The climate being still more unfavorable there than this, they soon returned ; with the exception of four years, David M. Adams has always lived in Miami Co.

W. H. ALEXANDER, farmer ; P. 0. Troy. W. H. Alexander is a direct descendant of one of our early settlers, and was born in Troy Aug. 6, 1843 ; he was the second son of his father's second wife, Margaret Stonaker ; his early life was spent upon the farm, near Troy, and he acquired a taste for agricultural pursuits. He obtained a good education during his younger days, of which he may well be proud. At the first call for troops, on the breaking-out of the rebellion, he was one of the first to respond, and enlisted as a private in Co. H, 11th 0. V. I., Capt. Drury commanding ; three years and three months were spent in the service, during which time he participated in the battles of Cotton Mountain, Big Sewell, Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain, Snake Gap, Rocky Face and Resaca. He was wounded only once during these engagements, which was at the battle of Chickamauga. Mr. Alexander was an excellent soldier, served his country well in her hour of need, and was honorably discharged at Camp Dennison June 20, 1864. An attachment had previously existed between himself and Miss Eliza Boone, and, during a visit home on furlough, he was married March 16, 1862 ; seven children were born to them, six daughters and one son ; the two first, Allie and Lillie May^, were twins, born May 6, 1865 ; Isaac G., born Dec. 16, 1868 ; Carrie, born Sept. 4, 1869 ; Mary, March 4, 1872 ; Luella, born Aug. 4, 1874 ; and Eva Irene, born Dec. 8, 1876 ; all are living. Mr. A. resides upon the " John Peck " farm, the property of his father-in-law, Mr. Boone ; he has always been a successful farmer, has prospered greatly, and will surely become one of our wealthy farmers. His wife died May 5, 1879 ; this was a sad blow to Mr. A., but, as death comes to all, we should be ever ready. He is a generous provider, and is surrounded by all the comforts of life.

HENRY WARE ALLEN, President of First National Bank, Troy, is a native of Massachusetts, and was born in Pembroke, that State, April 6, 1822 ; the family originally came from England the first quarter of the seventeenth century ; Rev. Morrill Allen, the father of our subject, received a finished education, and became a minister of the Unitarian Church at the age of 22, with which denomination he labored faithfully for nearly four score years, preaching a sermon on his 90th birthday. Mr. Allen, after attending the common school near his father's farm, finished his education by studying a short time at the Academy of Hanover and the Normal School at Bridgewater, in Massachusetts ; he settled in Troy, Ohio, in the fall of 1848, when he purchased mill property, with which business he has been connected ever since ; he was a prime mover in the organization of the bank of which he is President, and has always taken a prominent part in all the leading and laudable undertakings of his town and county ; at an early day, he identified himself with the manufacturing interests of Troy, and the best and most imposing business block in the town was built by him in 1855. Mr. Allen has been a stanch Republican since the organization of the party, while in religious belief he acknowledges the Unitarian creed ; as a philanthropist, he enjoys an enviable reputation, while for magnanimity, business ability and unweaving industry, he stands second to none in the community. He married Mrs. Mary D. Hastings Smith in January, 1851 ; she died the same year; in July, 1853, he married Pemela Hale, daughter of Dr. Asa Coleman, by whom he had ten children, seven of whom are living.

LOURY BARBOUR, farmer and stock-breeder ; P. 0. Troy. A very interesting biographical sketch is that of Loury Barbour, who has passed a long lifetime in Miami Co., and has probably witnessed as closely as any one its growth and development ; as we interview him he is plowing in his garden, with the oldfashioned harness and single line, that is common in the Eastern States, but scarcely seen in Illinois ; he was the eldest son of Thomas and Elizabeth Barbour, whose maiden name was Macky ; she came, together with the Barbees and Orrs and Colwells, from near Lexington, Ky., in 1804, and Thomas Barbour arrived soon after ; as near as can be ascertained, they were married in 1810, and settled in a dense forest, in a small log cabin in the northern part of this township ; the first year, enough land was cleared to plant some corn and potatoes, which constituted the chief part of their living ; the sturdy arm of Thomas had left its mark during the next twelve months, and the mighty monarchs of the forest lay thick about him ; the Indians were quite troublesome, and many a poor man's larder was rendered lighter by their thieving propensities ; their home was brightened, Oct. 28, 1810, by the advent of their first-born, Margaret A., and the happy parents were congratulated by the few neighbors that then lived in their vicinity ; Aug. 3, 1814, Loury was born, and he, together with the other sons and daughters, has quite a part in the Miami Co. histor}7 ; they were all born in this township, and will be mentioned in another part of this work. Loury Barbopr, to whom this sketch is dedicated, commenced his studies at an early age, but twenty-eight months would include his whole scholarship ; Loury worked for his father until 23 or 24 years of age, and, ere he left the paternal roof, a nice farm of 130 acres was cleared, and their father left in very good circumstances for those days. Young Loury courted and afterward married Miss Hettie Delzell, Jan. 1, 1839, at the residence of J. B. Rumsey, Rev. Fancher tying the nuptial knot ; they lost no time in preliminaries, but commenced housekeeping in an old log cabin, with only one window, one door, and a "stick" chimney; nothing daunted, they went to work, and erelong a comfortable log cabin was built, and covered with a clapboard roof ; two children were born in the old house - Mildred L. and Elizabeth (who is now the wife of George B. McKay, and resides in Greencastle, Ind.) ; Mary J. was born Oct. 13, 1843, and is now the wife of Daniel Bench, of Newton Township ; Charles Y. was born Feb. 17, 1848, and lived only two years ; Laura II. was born Aug. 18, 1851 ; Thomas was born Feb. 22, 1854 ; John E. was born Nov. 1, 1857 ; Robert A. was born April 10, 1801 ; the paternal roof now resembled a country inn more than a plain farmer's home ; they were generally robust and healthy, and physicians' services were scarcely needed ; with all his expense of rearing and educating his large family, Mr. Barbour has prospered greatly, and owns a farm of 90 acres, which has been improved until few farms in the Miami Valley equal it ; two children remain at home, and the aged couple still step about nearly as lively as any of our young folks. Mr. B. has twice assessed the citizens of this township, and has given general satisfaction ; he is a great reader, and is well posted in political matters, and under no circumstances does he scratch the Republican ticket ; he has been a member of the Miami County Agricultural Board for ten or fifteen years, and was one of the committee who purchased the Troy fair grounds ; we presume there is not a man in Concord Township who is not familiar with " Uncle Loury."

ASA T. BEEDLE, Troy, of the firm of Beedle & Kelly, founders and machinists, manufacturers of Troy Champion Corn-planter, plows, etc., one of the most important manufacturing interests in Troy. Mr. Beedle was born in Miami Co.7 Ohio, on the 28th of January, 1832. His father, Daniel Beedle, was from Kentucky, and was among the early settlers of Miami Co., locating in Staunton. Township. He died in Troy, August, 1877, at the advanced age of 86 years. Asa T. was raised to agricultural pursuits, obtaining a common-school course, until at 21 years of age he completed his education by a coursfe of study at Antioch college ; returning from college, he followed farming until 1866, at which time he removed to Troy and engaged in the manufacture of plows. In the spring of 1870, he associated with him in the business, John Kelly, under the firm name as above, conducting a business that increased very rapidty. A card of their business will be found in this work, also a history of their great manufacturing establishment ; their sales extend throughout the Western States as well as in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Mr. Beedle was married in November 1858, to Calista J. Peck, who was also a native of Miami Co., her parents being among the early settlers. By this union they have two sons and two daughters.

MBS. E. A. BEEDLE, Troy. Mrs. E. A. Beedle, widow of Abram Beedle, was born at Sharpsburg, Ohio, Aug. 11, 1822. Her parents moved to Dayton in 1824, and she attended school until her education was completed ; her parents moved to Concord Township in 1842, and settled two miles sbuth of Piqua. Her marriage with Abram Beedle was solemnized June 9, 1847, and they commenced housekeeping on a farm then owned by Mr. Beedle, three-quarters of mile west of Troy, on the Covington Pike. Their first daughter, Belle, was born June 9, 1848, and is now the wife of J. J. Mitchell, of Yellow Springs, G-reene Co., Ohio ; Frances, the second daughter, was born Aug. 14, 1853, and is now the wife of William Martin, they reside in Leroy, Coffee Co., Kan.; Emma B., the third daughter, was born June 9, 1854, and became the wife of Greorge S. Helman June 12, 1877. Two short years of a happy married life were enjoyed, when she, together with her infant son, Harry Orton, were buried in one grave, and the gentle autumn winds sang the last sad requiem over the grave made doubly sacred by its double offering. Horace M., the first son, was born May 4, 1864, and is now the comfort of his mother ; he lives with her and is completing his education at the Troy schools. Abram Beedle, the husband and father, died April 14, 1876, and his remains repose by the side of his daughter Emma and her first-born, in a lovely spot in Biverside Cemetery. The entire family, except the son, are conscientious members of the Presbyterian Church, and their daily life gives evidence of that Power which is a " light unto their path." Mrs. Beedle is 58 years of age, has been a resident of this township forty years, and may therefore be classed among the old settlers. Their farm is neatly kept, a roomy brick house containing everything necessary for comfort and convenience.

CHABLES A. BINKLEY, Troy ; special insurance agent for Penn Mutual of Philadelphia ; born in Perry Co., Ohio, June 7, 1828 ; in 1843, came to Troy, and learned the trade of sign and ornamental painter, which he followed twenty years. After giving up this business, he engaged in various pursuits until 1879, when he associated with the above firm as special agent, with headquarters at Troy. In 1851, was united in marriage with Mary C. Case, who was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., Jan. 12, 1830. They have two children - Mabel, wife of Frank M. Starrett, and Otho. Mr. Binkley is a Bepublican in politics, and labors for the success of his party. The whole family are members of the M. E. Church.

S. 0. BINKLEY, fire insurance agent, Troy ; was born in Maryland Feb. 3, 1800 ; is a son of Jacob and Maria C. Binkley ; the former was born in Pennsylvania ; both are deceased, and were parents of three sons, of whom only our subject remains. He was reared in Maryland, where he received his educa- tion in the common schools, which was afterward more full}' developed in seminary training ; has been in active business life since he attained his maturity ; in early life was engaged in chair-making and ornamental painting, from which he entered fully upon the agency business in which he is now engaged, representing the well-known and reliable Cooper Company of Da}rton ; came to Troy in 1843r and has ever since resided there. In 1822, he married Julia A. Ream, who bore him six children, three of whom are now living, two dying in infancy. Himself and wife are members of the Methodist Church, with which they have been connected for more than half a century.

ISAAC BOONE, inventor ; P. 0. Troy. Isaac Boone is one of our wealthy farmers, who has lived long enough in this county to obtain a place in her history. He is a native of Virginia, born April 15, 1816 ; Abram and Mary (Areman) Boone were his parents ; emigrated from Virginia and settled near Dayton in 1824. Isaac was married to Miss Mary A. Holderman, May 2, 1839, by Squire John Burnett ; they had seven children, five of whom are now living ; 424 acres are now in his possession. In 1859, Mr. Boone exchanged his property for the farm where he now resides ; the orchard furnishes an abundance of fruit ; a large ice house on the farm is a prominent feature in its revenue, and this alone pays a handsome profit. Mr. Boone is worth from $35,000 to $40,000. Only one of his children (Mary A.) lives at home, and she is a lady of culture and energy. The children were born in the following order : Eliza, April 23, 1840 ; Jacob H., March

30, 1843 ; William H., Dec. 2, 1847 ; David H., Sept. 8, 1849 ; Daniel F., June 16, 1853; Mary A. Aug. 30, 1856; Malinda E., July 3, 1858. Mr. Boone can clearly trace his relationship to Daniel Boone, the pioneer of Kentucky. Of late years, he has devoted his especial attention to inventing a number of machines that seem destined to make him truly famous. His trade (that of a millwright) has been of much service to him in his work. We cannot pass by these meritorious articles without giving each one a brief notice. First in order comes his steam road-wagon, upon the feasibility of which much of the value of his inventions depends. It is surely a practical method of drawing heavy loads. It guides very easily, and can draw or push equally well. What seems to be the most important invention is a machine for picking cotton, and, should it do what its inventor claims, it will surely revolutionize the cotton-picking business. Another invention is an ice-cutting machine, that, driven by the engine, which is now almost perfected, will do the work of one hundred saws per day. He also has a machine with which he expects to scald and scrape from 2,000 to 2,500 hogs, of all ages and sizes, per day, with the help of three men. The greatest of all his inventions is yet to come, and is supposed to be a life-saving apparatus, whereby patients who have been given over, by the physicians, to die, are placed in it. It regulates and purifies the air, by furnishing the necessary amount of either l^drogen, nitrogen or oxygen, that the patient needs to sustain life. We sincerely hope, for the good of humanity, that the perfection of this machine shall be a success. The inventive genius of this man is wonderful, and, should his machines prove equal to his expectations, he cannot fall short of becoming the wealthiest man in Miami County.

J. BOWER, physician and surgeon, Troy ; was born in Adams Co., Penn., in 1815 ; his parents, Peter and Priscilla Bower, were natives of the same State, and removed to Warren Co., Ohio, in which the latter part of their lives was passed. Our subject's boyhood was spent in Pennsylvania, on the farm, receiving the rudiments of his education in the common schools ; at the age of 18, he began reading medicine, under the guidance of Dr. McCowan, a prominent physician of Harrisburg, who was his preceptor for nearly two years, alter which he entered and graduated from the Plysio-Medical College, and received a certificate of membership from the Eclectic School of Medicine in Cincinnati. He afterward entered the Institute of Medicine and Surgery, from which he also graduated ; he attended lectures in various places, and is thoroughly educated in his profession ; he began the practice of medicine in Harrisburg, in which he practiced till 1844, at which time he came to Troy, where he has since discharged the duties of a large practice, which he still gives his attention. He has been thrice married ; first, with Ellen Williamson, who bore him two children, one living. His second marriage was with Louisa Louthan, by whom he had three children, two living. His third and last marriage was celebrated with Kate Wells, who bore him two children, deceased. The Doctor has a beautiful home, in which he is enjoying the declining years of a well-spent life.

MARTIN S. BROOKS, farmer ; P. 0. Troy. Martin S. Brooks is one of the prosperous farmers ofMiami Co., and, during his lifetime of more than half a century, he has accomplished his share of developing the county which is now an honor to the State ; the whole county was, during his boyhood, one vast forest, through which the wild deer and the Indian roamed at will. Generations have passed and gone, and still some of the early settlers are left to tell the story of their hardships. Such are now seen in the persons of Martin and Elvira, his wife. He was born in Miami Co. in 1818, and his wife in 1820. Their marriage occurred March 22, 1842 ; Elmira was a daughter of Samuel and Milly Pierce, and a sister of John Pierce, whose biography appears in another place. Educational facilities were limited in their early days ; a log cabin, with a hole left in the side, covered with greased paper to afford sufficient light, was the kind of schoolhouse in which their education was received ; Martin's father emigrated to Ohio in 1805, and endured all the privations of a frontier life. Martin was born to be lucky, for with an inheritance of nothing but a good physical constitution, he has now a splendid farm, well improved, and an income that keeps himself and wife comfortable without hard work ; during his younger days, he cleared the heavy timber from his present farm, and cut the second ditch that now drains so nicely the land in his neighborhood. Their family consisted of eight children, of whom three are now living - Thomas L., the eldest, born July 27, 1843 ; Mary J., born April 2, 1845, and Rhoda T., born June 25, 1849. Thomas was married to Miss Mary A. Richardson, and lives in Iowa ; Maty J. is the wife of Benjamin Allred, and resides in Indiana ; Rhoda T. was wedded to Frank M. Perry, and they live with her parents on the home farm. Martin and his wife both belong to the Society of Friends ; they have ever been noted for their uprightness and exemplary conduct ; Mrs. Brooks loves her Bible, and devotes much of her time to the perusal of its sacred pages ; we leave them enjoying the comforts of home and friends, and happy in their consciousness of being good and true Christians.

GEORGE C. CLYDE, Clerk of the Probate Court, Troy. The subject of this sketch was born Dec. 13, 1819, in Delaware Co., Penn. ; his father's name was Peter Clyde, and his mother's maiden name was Helen Breese ; they emigrated from Glasgow, on the River Clyde, in Scotland, in 1818, and moved to Ohio, then the "Far West," in 1821 ; the journey across the mountains was made in a onehorse wagon to Wheeling, Va., and from there on the Ohio, in a flat-boat, to Cincinnati ; they landed in Troy in September, 1821, lived here one year, and then moved to Lost Creek Township, remaining there until the spring of 1825 ; Mr. Clyde's occupation was that of a weaver during his stay ; in the spring of 1825, he moved to Xenia, Greene Co., Ohio, where he remained until 1833, when he returned to Lost Creek Township and purchased 50 acres of heavy timber, 3 acres cleared, and a cabin built of round logs, the spaces between the logs filled with mud ; in this cabin he lived with his family until a commodious house was completed; his death occurred in June, 1852, at the ripe old age of 83. The subject of this sketch attended the common schools in Xenia from the age of 6 until 11, and, for two years preceding their removal, attended a private academy, taught by Rev. Hugh McMillan, the common schools not affording such instruction, at that time, as he required ; he then entered upon a course of toil incident to the clearing of a farm in the woods. His marriage was celebrated, at the age of 21, with Miss Priscilla Knight, April 2, 1841 ; they lived happily together for nearly thirty years, rearing a family of seven children - three sons and four daughters - six of whom are still living, one daughter dying at the age of womanhood ; the wife and mother died Nov. 6, 1870. At the very beginning of his political life, impressed with the dignity of labor and entertaining strong convictions in favor of human freedom, he entered earnestly into the great Anti-slavery struggle, both in church and state, drawing upon himself all the obloquy and odium that then attached to the term " Abolitionist," zealously advocating, in many small discussions and on all occasions, the cause of the downtrodden and oppressed, voting steadily for fifteen years with a small minority in opposition to slave rule in this country ; he severed his connection with the church on account of its refusal to bear testimony against human slavery ; he entered enthusiastically into the campaign of 1856, on the platform of opposition to the further extension of slavery, and in favor of consecrating all our soil to free labor ; during the great Kansas struggle and the exciting contest of 1860, when Abraham Lincoln was elected to the Presidency, he was an effectual stump-speaker, and did much to secure the triumph so justly due his party ; although from manhood to the age of 40 years, he confined himself closely to work on the farm and labored hard, yet he filled many other responsible and important positions, as executor, administrator and guardian ; during this time, he also taught school for five terms, of three months each, during the winter season, receiving $15 per month ; in connection with this, he also taught the art of penmanship, at night, in the neighborhood ; he was a member of the County Board of School Examiners for six years, under the appointment of Joseph Pearson, Probate Judge, and was elected Treasurer of Lost Creek Township for nineteen consecutive years, declining that position for a longer term to take charge of the County Treasurer's office, to which position he was elected in 1859 ; he removed, with his family and his mother (who was then living), to Troy, where he continues to reside ; his mother died in 1862 ; he served four years as County Treasurer, and, in 1866, was elected County Auditor, which position he filled for two terms and eight months ; Jan. 2, 1872, he took his seat as a member of the Sixtieth General Assembly of Ohio, having been elected as a Representative to that body from Miami Co. ; was a candidate for renomination, but was defeated through certain influences that were arrayed against him, and was therefore not a candidate at the next succeeding election ; at the Sixty-first session of the General Assembly, Miami Co. was represented by a Democrat, the first Representative that party has had for forty years. lie entered into the marriage relation the second time by being joined in wedlock to Mrs. Nellie M. Patterson, who resided in Cincinnati, on the 24th of June, 1874; through the failure of several business enterprises, in, which he was induced to venture by others, he has suffered some financial reversest and the hard earnings of a lifetime have been almost swept away ; but, animated with the firm hope and trust that he has a treasure laid up where " moth and rust do not corrupt, nor thieves break through and steal," he continues life's active duties as best he can, awaiting the end in hope.

11. R. CO ATE, of the firm of Coate & Caw, merchants, Troy; the senior member of this firm was born in Union Township, this county, in 1850, and is a son of John H. Coate, whose sketch appears in this work. J. M. Caw, the junior member, was born in the same township in the same year ; his father, George Caw, was born in Virginia and when a boy came to this count}- , in which he yet lives ; the members of this firm received collegiate educations, after which Mr. Coate spent two years in Cincinnati and one in Philadelphia, in mercantile pursuits ; Mr. Caw received a like experience in Toledo ; in 1878, the above gentlemen took the reins of this establishment in their own hands and are driving to success ; their ability, fair dealing and popular business habits are fully recognized by the buying public, who give them high rank among the oldest business houses in Troy. Mr. Coate was married to Miss M. C. Williams in 1870, by whom he lias had one child, viz., Orlestus Durant (deceased).