Delaware Township (part 3 of 6)

" Idealism impeaches my knowledge of matter as materialism impeaches my knowledge of spirit," said Dr. Asa Mahan. It prefers the shadowy evidence of the inference from doubtful premises to the clear, powerful evidence of the intuition of the senses. A mind preferring a feeble, smoky evidence to one that is inexpressibly stronger, at once enters, from habit, the empire of uncertainty, and goes on hesitating and doubting to the end of life.

One of our own authors - H. H. Moore, I think - has shrouded this most dangerous form of philosophical error for its grave, its final resting place.

The associational school in Philosophy derives all the wonderful powers of the mind from a single impression made on the sensorium, and yet it is an impossibility, acknowledged by all philosophers, to trace the connection between an impression, made on the brain, of a house, and the cognition of that house, received in the consciousness. This system of thought, headed by names many and great, Borden P. Bowne has refuted more magnificently than any other error in all the realms of Philosophy. Professor William James, who is now Professor of Psychology in Harvard University, has written a heavy work, " Physiological Psychology," in which he says : "Almost all physiological psychologists deny the freedom of the human will, and they have no hesitancy in denying it." What a galaxy of great qualities in man you must surrender if you deny to him freedom. Dr. Bowne is pronounced by Joseph Cook to be the ablest metaphysician in all New England, and he has an impatient antagonism to this form of psychological error.

Professor Eben Andrews, President of Brown University, one of the greatest men of the age, writes me that he is at one with me in my dread of Physiological Psychology. All who receive the freedom of the will, with all its measured implications, will feel toward Professor James as he would feel toward John Stuart Mill, discussing "The Mind is a Series of Feelings."

Professor A. E. Dolbear, one of our graduates, said to me that the materialists had now to seek new arguments in support of materialism, for that Dr. Bowne had triumphantly answered all the arguments upon which they had hitherto relied. Could I be considered immodest, then, in urging our claims for Wesleyan Psychology ?

Patriotism. - Among the voices of the heart that struggle for utterance at this time I am compelled to call your attention to Patriotism I cannot stifle that love of country which comes to be the special heritage of the true educator. The spirit of Patriotism lies in every school of American Methodism. One great calamity of the period out of which we seem to pass has been the depreciation of all enthusiasms by a class of educators, who have thus vitiated the influence of otherwise brilliant talents. And Patriotism has shared in the general discount. But now the day of old-fashioned enthusiasms and Patriotism revives, and it is a most healthful sign. The spires of this University to-day, as never before, throw their shadows over the dome of your State. True citizenship is more consciously than ever one great aim of academic culture. Nothing is more attractive to our youth, man or woman, than to become a patriot and a patriot scholar. And the spirit of Methodism, rich in enthusiasms, always true, always real, always warm, always hopeful, nurtures the very soul of Patriotism. That spirit is certainly one of the sources of those moralities, devotions, and simple earnestness upon which civic virtue rests.

There is a clearer call to-day for a deeper, richer, wider love of country than ever before. The times demand a ringing Patriotism. Never was there need of greater, not even when the war drums throbbed about our campus, calling the brightest of our students to battle and to death for our sacred Union. Who can forget them? Captain Clason, Captain Buchwalter, Captain Woods, Captain Purdy, and many others. My unstrained vision sees them pass in honor's bright array, while in their shining eyes I read their undivided love of college and of country. But, from the pictures of ineffaceable memory, we turn to feel our present National needs. Patriotism as splendid, as daring, as uncompromising, as self-sacrificing as theirs is still demanded. While yonder spring pulses through the years, may the crystal fount of Patriotism flow on forever here, to the memory of which the private citizen, the brave soldier, and the hard-pressed patriotic statesman shall turn and find grace to help in times of sorest need.

deepen the claim of the local and the greater claim of the National, one cannot but recognize their steady tendency to broaden the mind to world-wide sympathies. The atmosphere of a college breathes universal interest within the human heart.

Years of collegiate service clear the eyes so that we seem to view the suffering and the disability of the human race as waiting in the porches of the university for some promised angel of mercy. The university of the present justifies the assumption of its title by its relations to universal helpfulness ; for, while the sick, the illiterate, the maimed in body and soul are lingering in their helplessness, lo ! out of the university walks the spirit of Jesus Christ, leading a growing throng of trained workers and helpers into hospitals, asylums, schools, and missions. More and more, in the future, shall the path of universal - benevolence lie through your university.

University life is everywhere awaking from its selfish dreams and short visions to see across the straits of human sorrow an apparition of the man who beckons and cries : *' Come over and help us!" The man of socialism rises, grisly and begrimed, and calls : " Come over and help us ! " The man of crime and criminal instincts rises from behind the steaming slums and the frown of prison walls, and cries : *' Come over and help us ! " May the university be able to answer all such calls. The man of heathenism, drenched with the blood of unholy penances, rises, stung by demons of despair, and cries: "Come over and help us!" And the university nobly answers that call with thousands of her best and most consecrated sons and daughters.

Ivook again. Behold all semblances of human woe blended in a well-known form ; it iS the man of sorrows, identified with all the broken-hearted, bleeding, bowed children of men, standing and calling to all that is best in our universitylife and culture: "Come over and help us!" Through every door and casement, however lofty, which advancing culture has opened, comes the pleading of that voice. And who is there but feels that our university life should swell with a responsive sympathy as universal and as practical as that boundless love which condescends to utter its most imperative commands in the simple terms of human necessities.

Standing here to-day, I realize most strongly the identity of the mission of the cross and the mission of the university. On the one, Jesus of Nazareth died, and in the other he lives for the revelation of the nature of God, and the vindication of the value of the human soul, and to exhibit the truest patriotism, and to fill the world with His universal benevolence.

The enthusiasms of that heart which broke on Calvary are ours. The enthusiasms of that mind in which are held the treasured ideals of true humanity are ours. May God empower us to go up and possess these diviner enthusiasms. To me, these enthusiasms seem life's worthiest lessons ; the surest satisfaction of the present, and the joy of what years may come. They bring us soul to soul with Jesus Christ, in sympathy and in vision, and in this experience we share the fragrance of His divine heart."

In such an hour as this we need no retrospective glance. The past crowds upon us as a most solemn and impressive now. Not alone our Presidents ; not alone our professors ; not alone our trustees, who, in the heroic years of the University, gave time and thought and sacrifice to secure the "" sinews of learning ; " not alone women who have put liands " beautiful with patient toil " to the rearing of this structure ; not alone to students beloved, and students now renowned ; - but I see a countless throng of itinerant Methodist preachers, silver and gold having none, poor in this world's goods, but rich in faith, going to poor appointments, or good appointments, or to none, but always and everywhere heralding the gospel of the college with the gospel of Jesus Christ. They shared their little pittance with the University. They counted nothing dear to themselves if thereby the University might win.

Quarried out of the itinerant's heart of sacrifice and love, these walls on which we look to-day are walls of salvation. These stones are precious stones indeed. These heroes cannot be forgotten ; they live while the University lives, and they live in its sons and daughters the wide world over.

And what is the message to-day from this varied and mingled cloud of witnesses out of all the past ? Is it not : " Do justly ; " " Love mercy ; " " Walk humbly with thy God ; " " Contend manfully for the faith once delivered to the saints ; " '' Be loyal to the standards of the fathers as they were loyal to the living, ever living word of God." Then none shall be greater than the Ohio Wesleyan University ; none shall be stronger. Great in Him who is the fountain of all blessings, and strong in Him who is the fountain of all grace.

Frederick Merrick

You are already aware of the most important event of the past twelve months in the history of the University. One face is painfully missed as we gather for our semi-centennial celebration. Ex-President Merrick first set foot upon these grounds fifty-one years ago this Summer, one year after the college was chartered, and one year before it was opened for students. There met his gaze an empty building, and a heavy debt. From that time until his death he was in the service of the University, two years as a Financial Agent, fifteen years as a Professor, thirteen years as the President, and twenty-one years as Emeritus Professor and lyccturer on Natural and Revealed Religion - fifty-one years in all. His long services, his generous gifts to the college, and his strong character deserve recognition at our hands.

Dr. Merrick had the advantage of birth and early years upon a farm. The son of a merchant or of a professional man is sometimes stunted in his physical development by his lack of exercise and of suitable surroundings. He cannot know the details of his father's business. He cannot trace the growth of his father's income. He sees before him no tasks which he can profitably perform, no ways by which he can contribute to the support of the family. But a farm boy has good food, plenty of exercise, and quiet hours for sleep. He comes in contact not only with nature but with the realities of life. He meets law face to face, and reaps the visible products of his sowing. He soon becomes a factor in the life of the family, and feels the restraint and the impulse of responsibility. Happy is the man whose birth is on a farm.

In addition to his early farm life, Dr. Merrick had the advantage of a commercial training. At seventeen he became a clerk in a store, and soon made himself so indispensable to his employer that he was admitted as a partner. Here he secured that commercial training which, together with his native capacity for business, made his financial services invaluable to the University. For over forty years he was Auditor, and had almost complete charge of the grounds and buildings, of the receipts and expenditures, of the loans and investments. It was his native ability and his providential training, combined with his unselfish devotion to the college, and the help of the Heavenly Father which enabled him, in 185 1, to raise sixteen thousand dollars for Thomson Chapel ; in 1853, to supplement Mr. Sturges' generous gift of ten thousand dollars with five thousand more, and thus to secure our present Library Building ; in 1859, to raise five thousand dollars for the purchase of the Prescott Cabinet.

Another important factor in the preparation of this man for his providential work was his scholastic training at the Academy and College, and his experience as a teacher and administrator before he came to us. Soon after his conversion, which was the turning point in his life, he entered Wesleyan Academy, at Wilbraham, Mass., and later matriculated at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn. He failed to complete the college course, not for lack of scholarship, but on account of the superior qualities which were already recognized in him. During his Senior year, President Fisk nominated him for the headship of the Conference Seminary, at Amenia, N, Y., and he was called to face the responsibilities of life before he was fairly through with his college work. His success as a teacher and as an administrator was remarkable, and, in 1838, he was elected to the chair of Natural Science in the Ohio University, at Athens, and taught there until his call to this University, in 1843. Among the young men whom he helped to train at Athens, none gave more brilliant promise or has had a more brilliant and useful career than Professor McCabe, who soon after became his fellow-worker at Delaware.

The fourth and most important element in the training of this noble man was his religious faith, growing out of his Puritan ancestry, his Methodist conversion, and his life-long consecration to the service of God and of his fellow men. His birthright and his Christian experience enabled him to combine the best elements of the Puritan and the Methodist. Puritanism at its best is man living face to face with duty, walking in the presence of God, striving to meet the responsibilities of life. The Cavalier at his best is a man governed by the sense of personal honor, animated by the spirit of chivalry, believing in the naturalness of human joy, and trying to make his neighbor happy. Both conceptions of life are united in Christ. Frederick Merrick made the decisive choice in his destiny when, at the call of God, he turned from earthly ambitions and comforts and made duty the supreme law of his life. Duty and responsibility were the key words, especially of his early and middle career. How often have the hosts of young people gathered around him heard above the multitudinous clamour of passions and appetites their spiritual commander trumpeting forth these two watchwords. Duty, Responsibility.

Puritanism made heroes. Methodism makes heroes, too ; and then turns them into saints. Professor Merrick's Puritan ancestry and New England training led him to select first the earlier half of Methodist discipline, and the heroic element in his life appeared. This element, perhaps, predominated during the greater portion of his life. The students believed absolutely in his integrity, admired his unselfishness, dreaded his rebukes, and felt that they ought to follow in the paths of duty and of service which he pointed out and in which he unflinchingly walked himself. During this time the leader of the college worked for such reforms as are the glory of a city and of a nation. He was an uncompromising Abolitionist, when the profession of such sentiments was unpopular. He contributed to the Underground Railway, b}^ which slaves passed across the State to Canada. He strengthened Thomson as that intrepid soul went out to arouse the conscience of the Church upon this national sin ; and after the departure of the matchless President, Dr. Merrick so encouraged and strengthened the sentiment of freedom kindled by his predecessor that, at the outbreak of the war, the college was almost emptied of students for the Union Army. I believe that only two of our students entered the Confederate service, and these two went back to serve the States that gave them birth with a loftier courage and a more heroic devotion to duty because of their contact with this prophetic soul.

But after President Merrick's health broke down, and he was relieved of the heavy responsibilities and cares which he had borne for many years, people began to see the saint emerging from the hero. I think that Dr. Merrick at least showed capacity for sainthood in his earlier days. Underneath the Puritan exterior there was in him a predisposition toward sweetness and light, a largeness of sympathy, and a fullness of joy which characterizes the higher types of Christianity. This second tendency in his nature led him, on coming to Delaware, to organize at the Court House a union prayer-meeting for the promotion of sympathy and fellowship between the churches. He called on every minister, and attended every church in the town, including the Roman Catholic, and was to a large extent the creator of that mental and spiritual hospitality which is a characteristic of our city. While he was an uncompromising foe of the saloons, voting with the Prohibitionists from the first, no man was a more tender friend to the saloon-keeper. He made an annual visit to each one of these men, treating each as a fellow-citizen, and talking with him about his plans for time, and for eternity. As he made upon a saloon-keeper some three years ago a call, which proved to be his last, he told him that his strength was failing, and added, with prophetic foresight : " I may not be able to call upon you again, but I will pray for you so long as both of us shall live." Every saloon-keeper in Delaware ought to have closed his saloon on the day of this good man's funeral - and never to have opened it again. No citizen in Delaware made so many calls upon the poor. Faith Chapel in South Delaware is due to him, and it may be his finest monument in the sight of angels.

He displayed his love for others and his growing sense of beauty by leaving the picturesque ravine lying north of his house to the college and to the town. He crowned his benefactions by providing that his entire property - some twentyfive thousand dollars - should go to the University for the founding of a Lectureship upon Experimental and Practical Religion.

friends, I imagine that during the forty-seven years of their married life she was a guide and an inspiration to him in the richer experiences and in the graces of the Christian life. His physical sufferings, also, and his sorrow at her death did their providential work in helping transform the hero into the saint. At any rate, he grew steadily and rapidly in spiritual-mindedness and love until he became the St. John of the city, and perhaps accomplished more during his last ten years in transforming the characters of others, by the sanctification of his own, than during any preceding period in his history. He said little about holiness in the technical sense of that term, but he lived a '* life hid with Christ in God," and became the best embodiment of the possibilities of grace we have ever seen. Had an angel visited Delaware and asked us to name our best man and our most useful citizen, our people would have unanimously nominated Frederick Merrick. He was the father of our college, as Washington was the father of our country. His was not the greatness of talent and achievement, like that of Napoleon or of Caesar, but the greatness of goodness and of character, like that of Lincoln and Alfred the Great.

I have thus dwelt at length upon dear Dr. Merrick's life and character, first because I loved him ; second, because in these years of toil and in the festivities of our Jubilee we are in danger of forgetting our benefactors ; and, third, because Drs. Thomson, and McCabe, and Merrick, and Williams seem to me to be the founders of the College. The united labor of Drs. Williams, McCabe, and Merrick, in connection with one college for forty-nine years, is without a parallel in the history of American schools, and, probably, of European universities. The mystic circle is broken. May the apotheosis of the departed one furnish an intimation of our appreciation of the other two.

University Hall And Gray Chapel

The completion of this noble structure is a fitting monument to our first half-century. The chapel, the gift of Hon. D. S. Gray, of Columbus, President of the Board of Trustees, was erected in memory of his father. At our request, the following sketch has been prepared for this volume :

Rev. David Gray

The life of David Gray, from its beginning to its close, amid the vicissitudes of pioneer life and the active labors of a minister of Jesus Christ, bore the stamp of a manly and beautiful Christian character.

David Gray was born in Sussex County, Delaware, March 28th, 1800, the eldest son of Frazer and Elizabeth Lock wood Gray. He was of English descent, the heir to an unstained name, to pure blood, and a fine capacity. His parents were poor; common schools were then unknown, and his early education was limited. He started to school when seven years of age, and attended a high school for a short time in 1817. Yet, with this meagre school equipment, he became a man of sound learning and a preacher of great acceptability. He was a careful student of a few books throughout his lifetime. The English Bible, Clarke's and Benson's Commentaries, and Watson's Theological Institutes and Biblical

Dictionary made up his working library. He was accustomed to say : "I derived my literary education for the pulpit from these books, but my spiritual qualifications, which I deem most essential of all, I received from the Holy Spirit." When he entered the ministry, in 1835, besides his other studies, he commenced reading the Bible by course, making it a rule to read the Old Testament through once every year and the New Testament twice a year. This he continued until 1882, when he left off reading the Old Testament. Some time previous to his death, he had read the Old Testament through forty-seven times, and the New one hundred and fifteen times.

At the age of fourteen years, he went to sea with his halfbrother, James, and continued the sailor's life for three years. When about seventeen years old, he commenced the blacksmith trade with his half-brother, John, at Milton, Delaware. Here he was converted, and joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in February, 1819. He was licensed to exhort in the beginning of the year 1827, ^t Broad-Kiln- Neck, Delaware.

David Gray was married at Broad-Kiln-Hundred, September 14th, 1820, to Naomi Lofland, eldest daughter of Luke and Elizabeth Morris Lofland. To this wise and happy union, David Gray was largely indebted for his usefulness and success as a pioneer preacher. She administered the household with economy and taste, and through all the hardships incident to the life of an itinerant Methodist preacher, she filled his home with the atmosphere of love and of devotion to duty. She was as full of courage as of faith, and eight out of her eleven children still live to do honor to her memory. In 1829, David Gray moved with his family to Ohio, making his home a short time at Zanesville, then at Dresden, and a year afterward at West Carlisle. Here, in

1831, he was licensed as a local preacher. In 1832, he moved to East Union, and went into partnership with John Buxton at blacksmithing. During this period of sixteen years, from the time of his conversion until he joined the Ohio Conference, in 1835, he had been a highly useful Christian man. He was ordained Deacon at Springfield, Ohio, on the 23d day of August, 1835, by Bishop James O. Andrew, and he was ordained Elder on the loth day of September, 1837, at Detroit, Michigan, by Bishop Roberts. He was admitted into the Ohio Conference in 1835, and his active ministerial life lies between the years 1835 and 1865. Most of the appointments in the earlier days were circuits, and most of his circuit appointments were among the best. In 1854, he was appointed Presiding Elder of the Maumee District. At the close of his term as Presiding Elder, in 1859, he located his family in a pleasant home at Findlay, and subsequently filled appointments upon circuits adjoining Findlay until the Conference of 1864, when he took a supernumerary relation. In 1870, he took a superannuated relation. In this relation to the Conference he continued until his death.

On April 3d, 1876, there came to the quiet Christian home in Findlay, Ohio, a great sorrow. On that date, Naomi L. Gray, . who for fifty-six years had shared the trials and labors of her husband, and had met her responsibilities as a Christian wife and mother, passed to her eternal reward. After the death of his wife, he continued to live with his unmarried daughter, Eleanor, in the family home, until October 24, 1887, when the saintly old man joined the beloved wife of his youth and of his old age. He lacked about five months of being eighty-eight years old.

As a minister of the gospel, he was not merely a sermonizer ; he was a good pastor and administrator, methodical as well as pious. He looked after the material, as well as the spiritual welfare of the church, always encouragiug love, faith, and an open purse. When he entered the pulpit, he preached the gospel of Christ, and not vapid discourses on secular topics. Throughout the whole period of his connection with the Conference, his maximum salary was five hundred dollars per year and a parsonage to live in. His minimum was one hundred and ten dollars per year, out of which he paid his house rent, and yet his fields of labor embraced, with few exceptions, the best circuits. He was well adapted, both in character and habit, for the position to which he had been called. His judgment was good ; he was economical, and yet not stingy. The beggar was never turned wantonly from his door. He was frugal by habit, and knew by necessity and experience the value of every penny. Though undemonstrative, his emotional nature was strong and deep. It may be said that David Gray's most prominent characteristics were a tenacity of purpose and ambition to do well whatever he attempted. They may be noted when, as a youth, he bravely accepted duty and encountered privations for the gospel's sake, and when, in a long and varied experience, there came bereavement and sorrow and darkness. His victories, too, were many. Some of his richest triumphs were in the evening of his life, in gentleness of spirit, in the sweetness of a strong growth, in a decided character, and in that abundant grace of God which enabled him in his last days to enjoy delightful visions of the better land.

May the beautiful and spacious and holy Chapel which commemorates the life and character of this father of the Church be the abiding place of the Holy Spirit, and the place of consecration for young men and young women for service in home, in Church, in State, to the honor and glory of the divine Son of God, to whom David Gray consecrated a long and useful ministry.

Semi-Centennial Celebration

The Ohio Wesleyan University completed its first half century in 1894. The Trustees, Faculty, Alumni, and hosts of friends united in making the annual Commencement week a "Jubilee."

3:00 P. M. - Addresses by Governor Wm. McKinley, Ex-President Chas. H. Payne, D. D., LL. D., New York City, Secretary Board of Education of M. E. Church ; Hon. Chas. Foster, Ex-Secretary of the Treasury ; Hon. J. G. Woolley, A.M., Class of '71, and others.

On the afternoon of Monday, June 18, 1894, an audience filling Gray Chapel gathered to celebrate the "Jubilee." The Mayor of the City of Delaware, Hon. H. L. Baker, was in the chair. After prayer by the Rev. F. L. Wharton, D. D., pastor of William Street Methodist Rpiscopal Church, Delaware, Hon. John D. VanDeman, of the Class of '51, delivered the following address of welcome :

Address Of Welcome

On behalf of the Trustees and Faculty of the O. W. U., I bid you welcome to this festival of the jubilee. I do not know why I was selected to give you this welcome, unless it be from my superior age and advantages. I am the only surviving graduate, save one, who has resided continuously under the shadow of the University since its foundation. I saw the seed planted by the venerable Dr. Elliott. I have seen it spring up and grow into a mighty tree, the branches whereof fill the whole world. From the branches in China, Japan, and the isles of the sea, from those in every village and city of our land, and on the far-off shores of the Old World, in the sunny South and frozen North, rich fruit has

We could not have given you so royal a welcome a halfcentury ago. We had then but one solitary building. Our chapel was in a dining room, our society hall in a cellar, and our study room in the garret. We began with a President and two and a half professors, and tutors were unknown. We were undisturbed by railroads, or telegraphs, or telephones, or electricity, or gas, but we laid up our stores of knowledge by the light of the good old ancestral candle. The bottomless roads of Ohio had been made immortal by the pen of Charles Dickens. We began with a small body of students - thirty, less one, I believe - who took a pride in the new University and loved their teachers, and we had devoted teachers who loved us - two of whom, in the persons of Drs. Williams and McCabe, their eyesight undimmed and natural force unabated, are still here. Late may they return to Heaven. Who shall measure or estimate the influence of their instruction ?

But the institution and its faculty and students were not a collection of mossbacks or fossils, though w^e lived so long ago. We were full abreast of or in advance of the times on all great questions, moral and educational ; a little heterodox sometimes in politics, may be. This was the first institution on the continent, save one, to adopt, or at least practice, the co-education of the sexes. I well remember, in November, 1844, in the class-room of Prof. Williams, there was formed a class in Greek, of tw^o pupils - a girl and a boy. The girl became that princess among women who had the American independence, as the first woman of the land, to declare and hold fast her convictions of right. My great modesty prevents me from telling you who that boy was. I can say for him, he was always next to the head, and never fell below a good second.

We welcome to this festival those who went out, forty and more years ago, as well as those who took their degree but a twelvemonth since. The ranks of the early boys are thinning fast ; many of them are grandsires now.

"When we remember all the friends so closely linked together, We have seen around us fall like leaves in wintry weather, We feel like one who stands alone, some banquet hall deserted, Whose lights are fled, whose garlands dead, and all but he departed."

We welcome all the old boys who are left; we welcome those who have had their collegiate birth since, that they may take up the broken thread of memory, revisit the old scenes and walks which were once so sacred, and that they may rejoice with us in the magnificent growth of our Alma Mater, the evidences of which are seen all around you. We welcome to this festival that distinguished citizen and jurist who became ours by adoption, and whom you will be delighted to hear this afternoon.

We welcome to this festival the able divine of a sister church, for you must know that our worthy President, when he goes gunning for success, chains to his chariot wheel all dissimilar, if not discordant, theologies.

We welcome to this festival those who seek to throw around their boys and girls the restraining. Christianizing influences of an institution founded upon, and in which has ever been taught, that perfection of jurisprudence given by God to Moses on the Mount, the first and crowning command of which is : "I am the Lord thy God ; thou shalt have no other God but me."

We welcome to this festival the patrons and friends of the University, who, in its darkest as well as its sunniest days, have stood by it with unfaltering faith. We will ever continue to welcome the countless numbers of young men and maidens who may come to these halls seeking a broader

The patriot, Kossuth, when here, taking a cup of water from our spring, said : "I will tell my people that out of the Delaware spring of your sympathy I drink a health to the success of my country." So may you all, from the same spring of your sympathy, drink a health to the success and prosperity of the Ohio Wesleyan University.

Hon. Wm. T. McClintick, class '42, Augusta, and now an honored Trustee of the Ohio Wesleyan University, delivered the following historical address :

When one has reached the reminiscent period of life, the memory takes its revenge, and finds its compensation for its lack of retentiveness as to recent events by recalling, with increased interest and pleasure, the scenes of childhood, youth, and early manhood.

The evening of life is apt to bring with it a mellow glow, which tints remote events with a tone and color as enchanting and beautiful as that which attends the evening of an autumn day - that bewitching period,

You may imagine, then, how pleasant a duty it must be, though tinged with sadness to " the oldest adopted son of the college," to tell who his mother was and how he became an orphan, and to express on this auspicious occasion his ap- preciation of the kindness of those who gave him shelter and kindred and many friends. This story carries him back to the happiest years of his youth passed at the Augusta College, and associated in memory with the names of President Tomlinson, Professors McCown, Trimble, and Bascom, all of whom were remarkable men ; and with the student life of Francis Asbury Morris and Joseph A. Soule, sons af two of the venerated bishops of the Church, now both fathers and sons passed to their eternal rest ; and John Miley and Randolph S. Foster, and others who yet live to occupy distinguished positions in the Church, and whose lives have been marked by devotion to study ; to high, honorable, and pious aims, resulting in lasting usefulness to mankind.

There was a time when the demands of a new country and the necessities of the Methodist Church could only be supplied by calling into service men lacking, indeed, in the education of the schools, but impelled by a high and irresistible sense of duty, and filled with zeal for saving the souls of their fellow-men. The remarkable success, under Divine guidance, had led many of them, and many of the laity also, to believe that learning was unfriendly to religion, and that Providence, in a literal sense, always chose " weak things to confound the mighty." There were, however, both among preachers and peojple, some who saw that intelligence was essential as a safeguard both to religion and liberty ; that you could no more make the highest type of Christian, or a freeman, than you could a shoemaker, without education and training. Such men's voices and labors were given earnestly and constantly to the establishment of high schools and colleges, in the belief that they might be made, to quote the language of Dr. Durbin, " not only the nurseries of learning, but also of morals and religion, and this without teaching religion to the students, otherwise than as other men are taught ; namely, by preaching to them the gospel of Christ, and setting before them living examples of constant piety and uprightness." Under the influence of such men, Augusta College came into being.

It was, in point of time, the first institution of learning under Methodist control that not only bore the name of " college," with legal power to confer degrees, but also did the luork of a college, and conferred its degrees honestly and worthily.

The movement for its establishment began with the Ohio Conference in 182 1, when two commissioners. Rev. John Collins and Rev. Martin Ruter, were appointed to visit the Kentucky Conference, to propose a union of the two Conferences in the establishment of an institution of learning of a high order.

The fact that the State of Kentucky, as early as 1798, had made a grant of 6,000 acres of land to aid in establishing an academy at the village of Augusta, the county seat of Bracken County, Ky., on the south bank of the Ohio River, and that this land (or the proceeds) was still held by trustees for that purpose, invited attention to that place, and the commissioners representing the two Conferences met there in December, 182 1, to confer with the Trustees of the Bracken Academy Fund. An agreement was then reached making that fund available to the proposed college, on terms consistent with the purpose of its creation.

A preparatory classical school was begun in 1822, under the patronage and control of the two Conferences, of which Rev. John P. Finley was made the principal. He was a Methodist, the son of a Presbyterian minister, and a brother of Rev. James B. Finley, whose name and influence were so largely known and felt in the early history of Methodism in the West.

Before the close of that year (1822), the Legislature of Kentucky incorporated " The Augusta College," with authority to confer the usual degrees, this being then, as is authoritatively stated, " the only Methodist college in the world having such authority."

Among the laity, who deserve prominent notice in this connection, must not be forgotten Captain James Armstrong, a resident of Augusta, a trustee of the Bracken Academy, and a member of the Methodist Church. He was the most active man in securing the establishment of the college. He it was who, with a few friends, undertook the erection of the college edifice upon a lot of his own, and having completed it, made a conveyance of the grounds and building to the trustees of the college, in October, 1823. He saw the building occupied by the preparatory school ; but both he and Finley, the head of the school, died, the one in August, 1824, ^"d the other in May, 1825, before the collegiate department was put in operation. This occurred in 1825.

In September of that year, the Rev. Joseph S. Tomlinson, just graduated from Transylvania University, at Lexington, Kentucky, was appointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and became the temporary head of the institution, and afterwards, by a regulation of the trustees, as Professor of Mathematics, ex officio Vice-President.

A month later (October, 1825), Rev. John P. Durbin was elected to the chair of Latin and Greek, and he, with Tomlinson, organized the college classes. In 1827, Martin Ruter was elected President of the college, and Professor of Oriental Languages and Belles-Lettres, Frederick A. M. Davis, M. D., Professor of Chemistry and Botany, and Arnold Truesdale. Preceptor in the iVcademy, with Thomas H. Lynch as assistant.

In 1831, Dr. Durbin, without his solicitation or knowledge, was elected chaplain to the Senate of the United States ; and, at the end of that year, he tendered his resignation as Professor in the college. He was succeeded by Rev. Burr H. McCown, A. M., as Professor of Languages. At this time, also, Henry B. Bascom was elected Professor of Moral Science.

In 1832, Dr. Ruter resigned the Presidency, and Dr. Tomlinson gave up the chair of Mathematics, was transferred to that of Nat^iral Science and Belles-L/ettres, and again made responsible for the duties of President.

Rev. J. H. Fielding, A. M., former President and Professor in Madison College, at Uniontown, Pennsylvania, succeeded Tomlinson as Professor of Mathematics, which place he retained until the Spring of 1835, when he resigned.

It was my fortune to be transferred as a student from the Ohio University at Athens, Ohio, to the college at Augusta, shortly after the resignation of Professor Fielding, in the Spring of 1835. Dr. Trimble, in the Fall of that year, took Professor Fielding's place ; and the college, fully equipped with professors and teachers, entered upon a career of prosperity and popular favor. Dr. Tomlinson, the President, was a man of extensive and varied learning and of great eloquence in speech ; Dr. Bascom was exceedingly attractive in appearance, always faultlessly clad ; he stood erect, broadshouldered and tapering from shoulders to feet, with massive head and face of classic mold ; eyes dark, yet radiant with intelligence, even blazing in moments of enthusiasm, the personification of manly beauty. At that time he had no equal in America as a pulpit orator. His fame attracted students from distant States, the sons of wealthy and am-

I care. Dr. Trimble was the son of a distinguished governor of Ohio, exceedingly popular as a pulpit orator, and widely known in his native State. Professor McCown was a most capable teacher, amiable in disposition and attractive in manner. The other teachers were competent, and the reputation of the college for some years was highly creditable to the Church whose patronage was pledged for its support.

Dr. Trimble left Augusta in about 1840, the faculty otherwise remaining about as it was, until 1841, when Morrison College, the literary branch of Transylvania University, at Lexington, was tendered to the Methodist Episcopal Church, through the Kentucky Conference. Dr. Bascom was an ardent advocate of acceptance ; Dr. Tomlinson as ardently opposed it, both before the committee to whom the matter was referred, and before the Conference ; but the proposal was carried almost unanimously. In the Fall of 1842, Dr. Bascom retired from Augusta, and accepted the Presidency of Transylvania. McCown, Kemp, and Lynch, professors and teachers at Augusta, went with him, and accepted similar positions at Lexington. The opening at Lexington was brilliant, and high hopes were entertained that Transylvania would become the first institution of the South ; hopes destined, however, to be soon dissipated.

About this period (1841-2), the Ohio Wesleyan University came into being under the joint control of the Ohio and North Ohio Conferences, and was put in operation in 1844. By this time the anti-slavery controversy had become intense and threatening. It culminated in 1844, so far as the Methodist Episcopal Church was concerned, in the secession of the Southern Conferences, and the establishment of the Methodist Church, South.

M. Johnson, a graduate of Wesleyan College, at Middletown, Connecticut, was appointed to one of the chairs made vacant by the desertion of Bascom and McCown, and Rev. E. N. Elliott was appointed to the chair of Mathematics. Johnson, in 1844, left Augusta for the Ohio Wesleyan University, and Rev. Chandler Robbins took his place. Others, for brief periods, filled the places of teachers ; but, with Transylvania on the one side, and the Ohio Wesleyan University on the other, the one drawing off the students from the South, and the other from the North, and the anti-slavery controversy becoming constantly more and more a disturbing and dividing element both in Church and State, the condition of Augusta at the time is best described b}' the quaint language of the common law indictment for murder, in which the victim is said to have " languished, and languishing did live," until 1847, when, under the influence of the angry feeling of the times, the Kentucky Legislature repealed the charter, the college was suspended, and became a thing of the past. Its orphaned alumni were adopted by the Ohio Wesleyan University, and taken in out of the cold ; but the students at Augusta never have forgotten the happy walks and shades of the quiet little village at the mouth of the Bracken, on the banks of the Ohio, nor the grace and beauty of its fair women, and the friendly association of the " fellows" in the college ; and can never repay the debt of gratitude they owe to the professors and teachers of their dead but always " beautiful mother."

How interesting it would be to sketch the lives of its illustrious line of professors and teachers - Finley, Tomlinson, Durbin, Ruter, Bascom, McCown, Fielding, Trimble, Johnson, Elliott - and others, and of its worthy and distinguished sons, such as Christie, Kavanaugh, Groesback, Longworth, Barrere, Marshall, and many others, of its earlier days ; and later, of Carson, the two sons of Justice McLean, Thomas M. Key, Francis A, Morris, Joseph A. Soule, John W. Weakley, James L. Mathewson, John Miley, Randolph S. Foster, the McDowells, Boring, Fee, Locke, Wadsworth, Phister, and many others, who have adorned and honored, and given force and direction to many of the departments of professional and business life ! But this grateful task is prohibited by the limitations of this occasion.

As I have reviewed the events of my own life, brought freshly to mind by recalling the history of the Augusta College, I have been forcibly struck by three prominent reflections :

(i). The first is, that while I feel myself comparatively a young man, yet my life, brief as it is, covers a personal acquaintance with many of the pioneers of the West, who, as preachers, educators, lawyers, or statesmen, did so much toward the establishment of the religious, literary, and political institutions of this broad land, and laid so strongly the fovmdations of the prosperity and happiness their children have enjoyed. I have met personally all the persons named as connected with the early history of Augusta College, except Finley, Davis, and Fielding, and some of the teachers in the preparatory school. In about the same proportion I have seen personally the great men of that time, both in Church and State, among them Bishops McKendree, George, and Roberts, Nathan Bangs, the Watermans, and many others, and Governors Tiffin, Worthington, Morrow, and McArthur, and many of the early senators and great lawyers. This personal knowledge was supplemented and extended by many talks with my elders, and by the newspapers which made their periodic entrance into my father's house. Truly there were, or seemed to be, giants in those days. The States they founded, the Churches they estabi6o Ohio Wesley an University:

(2). Not less remarkable is the fact that so brief a life should cover a period of such wonderful national progress and territorial extension, of such vast changes in our political and domestic institutions, and such a long series of the most astonishing discoveries and inventions, all adding immensely to the comforts and elegancies of civilized life. Within this period, Texas separated from Mexico, and became an independent republic, and, as such, subsequently came into our Union ; the war with Mexico gave us Colorado and New Mexico, Utah and Arizona, Nevada and Upper California ; and the purchase of Alaska gave lis the far Northwest. A sweep of population, wide as the rolling sea, has spread over this vast area ; cities rivaling the largest in the world have risen as if by miracle, by lake and river ; and the deserts have become cultivated fields.

The separation of the Presbyterian Church into the Old and New Schools, and their subsequent reunion ; the controversy as to the constitution and government of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; the secession of Snethen, Shinn, Stockton, Springer, and other radical leaders, and the formation of the Methodist Protestant Church ; the great Church disruption of 1844, which gave us the Methodist Church, South ; the admission of laymen to representation in the General Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; the War of the Rebellion, and the abolition of slavery ; the adoption of new State constitutions, and the supersedure of the tedious methods of common law procedure in the courts by the more simple and direct methods of the civil law ; the emancipation of married women in the matter of property rights ; " the building and operation of the first railroad in America, and the extension of like roads all over the land, so that our passage from place to place is swifter than the flight of birds, and making it possible to hold a World's Fair and a World's Congress of Religions in the very heart of the continent ; the advent of the daguerreotype and photograph, the telegraph, the phonograph, the telephone, and the other wondrous uses to which electricity and magnetism have been applied in the arts and in all the avocations of trade and domestic life ; all these, and more, have sprung into being within a fraction of a life " whose days are but as a hand-breadth." Ah ! my friends, what is it knowledge can not achieve, and where are the limitations of God's gracious favor ?

(3). The third forceful reflection emphasized by this presence is that most of the men who figured conspicuously during the period to which I have referred, and indeed during the history of the world, gave signs of greatness in youth or early manhood, and achieved distinction long before middle age. Of those I have named, Tomlinson, Durbin, Ruter, Bascom, Trimble, Foster, and others, were preachers in their boyhood, and drew admiring crowds to hear them. The founders of our State were mostly young men, whose ambition and courage drove them from older settlements to seek fortune and fame amid the dangers and hardships of border life. As we scan the pages of history from the days of that gallant Hebrew youth who slew the huge, uncircumcized, and defiant Phillistine, in the Valley of Elah, down to our own day, everywhere, on sea and land, the men of brilliant performance gave promise of it in their youth. Not that none others have risen or will rise to greatness - for what is it that persistent effort will not attain ? - but the youthful Timothy is not the only one to whom Paul might have said, " Let no man despise thy youth ; " for youth holds the germs of success, whether the pursuit be of wealth, or place, or power, or the higher aims of patriotism and religion. But remember, young men and young women, first, last, and all the time, the exhortation of Heinzelman : " Be, and continue, poor, while others grow rich by fraud and disloyalty ; be without place or power, while others beg their way upward ; bear the pains of disappointed hopes, while others gain the accomplishment of theirs by flatter\^ ; forego the gracious pressure of the hand, for which others cringe and crawl. Wrap yourself in your own virtue, seek one sympathizing friend, and your daily bread. If you, in such a course, grow gray with unblemished honor, bless God, and die."

The address of Dr. McCabe, delivered at this celebration, appears elsewhere, while that by Doctor Williams has been expanded into the Historical Sketch with which this volume opens.

The Students' Semi-Centennial Celebration was held in Gray Chapel on the evening of Monday, June i8th, 1894. Mr. M. P. Shawkey, President of the class of '94, was in the chair. After some words of welcome by Mr. J. F. McConnell, class of '94, the address of the evening was delivered by Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, class of '72, of Indianapolis, Indiana.

Former Students

Mr. Chairman and Friends : I wish to congratulate the undergraduates upon their loyalty to our great University, and upon their progressiveness, as manifested by their taking conspicuous part in the celebration of this Fiftieth Anniversary. It is peculiarly fitting that the undergraduates should be among the first to show their regard for the institution that holds in pleasing bondage the love and admira- tion of those who knew it in its less prosperous days. Many of us have returned to join with you in this happy, golden jubilee, to renew old associations, to form new ones and to express our sense of obligation for the benefits and the pleasures we enjoyed here. Permit me to express my profound acknowledgments to the committee of arrangements for this agreeable assignment. I prefer to be in touch with the young men and women in whose keeping the future honor, and power, and glory of this University more especially rests. There is something infectious in their enthusiasm ; the trials and vexations of life have not inclined them to become misanthropic ; they behold nothing but the splendid bow of promise above them.

Former students cannot contemplate this scene without a sense of sadness ; it is old, and still it is familiar to them. Many faces that were known to them are absent ; some are 'midst new scenes, new cares, and some are gone forever. But there are present the former joyous and happy numbers, the same flowers, the same ambitions, the same walks, the same benignant skies, the same fraternity, and society, and class rivalries, and so it will ever be.

Fifty years have passed since the Ohio Wesleyan University sent Godman forth with her commission. Since then, there have been over twelve thousand students and twentytwo hundred graduates. They came from every walk of life, and they have gone out into the uttermost parts of the earth. The sun never sets upon students of this University, for they belt the globe.

It may be impossible for the psychologist to discover any distinctive mental characteristics of the students of this University that distinguish them from their fellows; in other words, it may be impossible to note any university-individuality in our graduates. Yet it has seemed to me that there has been a conspicuous absence of all tendency to aristocracy. We have been essentially democratic. The way to place and power has been impartially open to the rich and the poor ; scholastic merit and individual worth have been the only passports to distinction in the University. A wholesome moral atmosphere has pervaded these halls, and the great majority who have gone forth have gone mentally and morally equipped for the highest and best duties of citizenship. To specify all of the influences contributing to this result were impossible ; books and men were the chief agencies.

This University has been rich in conscientious, learned instructors. Our elder graduates admired the great Thomson - profound scholar, true teacher. His character was impressed upon the earlier students, and upon the University in its plastic days. He set the character of the latter in the high plane where it has continued to the present hour.

We who passed the half-way mark to this jubilee under the administration of Dr. Merrick, miss his sad and kindly face. Great, yet the elements of his greatness elude our touch ; well-rounded and complete in all the qualities that make a great president, a noble and instructive example.

Dr. Payne, the famed orator, the alert champion of every honorable cause, we have with us. The abundant fruit of his good deeds is about us everywhere.

Who does not admire President Bashford ? He has made captive the love of all former students who have studied and marked his splendid administration. It augurs well for the future that such a man shall lead us into the second halfcentury of our career. If good wishes were coin, he were richer than Croesus to-night.

gether; their lives have gone into the University; the history of one cannot be written without the other; Omniscience only can measure the limits of their influence upon former students by their exalted lives and their splendid scholarship. There is no graduate who is not a perpetual debtor to these devoted men, McCabe and Williams.

And there are Professors Whitlock, Perkins and Semans, who have toiled here for a third of a century with an ability and fidelity that is treasured in the grateful recollection of thousands who have come and gone. Later came Nelson, Grove, Davies, Parsons, Austin, Stevenson and many others, learned and loyal sons and daughters of their alma mater.

Not all the former students have won victory, not all have met defeat. The larger number have met life's demands with a sturdy determination to succeed, to make the world better. Most of them have been inspired by a lofty sense of their duty to their fellows ; and they have risen not upon, but with them. Many of them have become leaders, trusted and tested ; they are at the front in the Church ; their names are upon the honored rolls of the missionaries beneath every sun. Thomson, Drees and LaFetra in South America, and their numerous and equally worthy brethren, stand for splendid self-consecration to the well-being of others.

What pulpit has not felt the inspiration of some former student? With what devotion many poor young men labored here that they might qualify themselves to lead others to a serener atmosphere ! We used to make merry with some of our young aspirants for the cloth. I recall that once near the close of the year, when the grass upon the campus had been cut, that some jovial and irreverent students tied an unoffending mule to the pulpit in the old chapel ; a month's supply of hay was carried in. Our most reverend young men felt that they could even then improve upon the pulpit.

One of the followers of Wesley, being twitted upon his new colleague, frankly said there were some good points about him ; in fact, he thought he could make himself heard.

Search the records of those that have presided and are presiding in courts of justice, and you will find the names of many who hold the commission of this University. Profound and just judges ; all honor to them !

We are not unmindful of our brethren who are conducting great secular and religious journals with a genius that challenges the most generous admiration.

Visit many of our sister universities and public schools, where rich scholarship and liberal mental endowment are in request, and there you will find the students of the Ohio Wesleyan University as presidents, professors and teachers.

Go into the great banking, mercantile and manufacturing concerns of the country, and the old students are taking rank with the foremost ; and, in short, search all the walks and avenues of usefulness, and you will find some representatives of the Ohio Wesleyan University who are honorably discharging the full measure of their responsibility.

Our contributions have not been made to the more peaceful fields only for when the life of the government was in peril, former students drew their swords in its defense and won imperishable fame on the battlefields of the republic.

Many are the names we can recall with pride and exultation ; many stand out conspicuously, having achieved place and power among our fellow men. Such we all delight to honor. We may humbly claim to be joint sharers in the glory they have won.

as our numbers increase, our influence broadens. Our ambition is not satisfied, for it has caught but a glimpse of the possibilities that lie in the boundless future.

During the great tragedy at Gettysburg, when the life of the republic was the prize of battle, a color-bearer was struck down, and then another and another, and courage was put to the highest test. The colonel of the regiment called one of his trusted men to him and said : " Sergeant, take this flag, bear it aloft, do not surrender it in dishonor, return with it or report the reason why." The sergeant received the colors, and marched against the pitiless hail of war. The battle ceased ; the gallant sergeant did not surrender, and he did not return, but God Almighty knew the reason why.

The Alumni Semi-Centennial Celebration was held in Gray Chapel, at 9 A. M., Hon. J. D, Vandeman, President of the Alumnal Association, in the chair.

The first address of the day was to have been given by Rev. Wm. D. Godnian, D. D., class of '46, of Winsted, La., the first graduate of the University. Dr. Godman started from his home in the far South to attend the Jubilee, but was overtaken by sickness in Cincinnati, while en route. He sent the following hurried note :

" It brings me great grief to relinquish the anticipated reunion at the Jubilee. But an uncontrollable sickness dooms me. I must content myself with the purely spiritual presence.

"The Alma Mater stands to-day exalted with a golden crown of fifty glorious years. She has taken but a step in her triumphal march to immortality. She is in the bloom of

" Some institutions feed their infantes on the husks of an antiquated philosophy called theology. When they have become alumni, they have a sorry time of it, trying to extract life from the dead stuff, or to impart a spark of life to it. Others have become enamored of athletics, and seem to have gone clear over to the bats. Still others have devoted themselves to natural sciences and to modern literature. This is commercial. It pays. But the beloved Alma Mater hears the cry of sorrowing human hearts from all the lands; by ministering regiments she sends the Bread of Life to all the climes. She builds the eternal things. To her sons and daughters is committed the best work given to mortals. May they never grow weary !

"To his colleagues of the old faculty and to his brother alumni, the first graduate bids adieu with a glorious hope. With loving memories, W. D. Godman."

Alma Mater

ALMA MATER. By E. J. Wheeler, A.M., Class' '79, Editor of The Voice. A mother smiled in pride, As close about her knee, In the glories of morning-tide. Clustered her children three.

Alma Mater The Graduate In Public Life

Mr. President : In responding to your call, this morning, I am conscious of mingled and conflicting emotions. For, while the occasion itself awakens the most delightful recollections of those sunny days when, as a youth, I drank at this then newly-opened fountain of learning, and here gained such inspiration as was offered by the noble men who presided over the institution and its several departments, on the other hand, I am deeply saddened by the fact that most of those who were my honored instructors and yours have long since passed from this scene of their labors.

The brilliant, learned, and ever faithful Dr. Edward Thomson, who first sat in the chair of administration, and whom every student admired and loved ; the singularly refined and reserved, yet very able and critical, as well as zealous and beloved, Herman M. Johnson, Professor of Ancient Languages, and Dr. Frederick Merrick, who, in those times of limited means, so earnestly sought to cover the whole vast field of Chemistry, Physics, and Natural History, - all these are with us in spirit only, and in these cherished portraits which look down from the walls about us.

But, again, we find ample ground for rejoicing in the growing prosperity of the noble institution here founded, fifty years ago, and in the continuance at their posts of two of the most gifted, faithful, and efficient of the little band of professors who began the work of instruction - the one so widely distinguished, not only for the skill and success with which he has conducted his classes for half a century, first in mathematics, and finally in philosophy, but also for the exceptional eloquence of his speech, and for his clearness, cogency and power as an author, in dealing with some of the highest problems that can interest the human mind ; the other, a man no less distinguished for those qualities of the mind and those graces of the spirit which have made his ver\' presence a source of inspiration, than for his zeal as a teacher, and for those rare linguistic attainments which have so greatly strengthened his department, and have also made his published works authorities wherever known.*

But I have been asked to say something in particular concerning "The Graduate in Public Life." And what is the significance of this phrase? Let us look at it for a few moments.

In the more limited sense, the term Graduate means a familiarity with at least the elements of all departments of knowledge - certainly a good command, if not a mastery, of one's native tongue ; a tolerable acquaintance with those languages which open to one the wonderful treasures of the Grecian and Roman civilizations, those precious, priceless legacies bequeathed to all the world ; something of an introduction to those modern foreign tongues so rich in the resources of the literature, science, art, and philosophy produced by the Latin and Teutonic peoples ; a knowledge of numbers, simple and applied ; an outline of the physical and natural sciences, so rapidly growing day by day ; such key to a knowledge of man's mental and moral constitution as may be had by a study of the elements of psychology and ethics ; a glimpse of literature and art criticism ; a simple outline of the vast fields of sociology and political economy ; a general survey of what man has done in all ages of the world.

Great, indeed, are even these limited attainments. But the term Graduate means yet more. It stands for such love of knowledge as will prompt to alertness for one's self and to systematic study after leaving the college, as well as to an earnest, practical sympathy with all who crave the possession of knowledge.

In the largest sense, the term implies yet more - vastly more, namely : the true Scholar^ with such culture as can only come of an heroic and persistent effort in the many fields just alluded to. It implies an ever-increasing love of knowledge ; not such simple desire as sometimes passes for love, but a real and enduring thirst that will not be satisfied ; and not alone for a knowledge of things, but for a clear comprehension of the meaning of things, of those principles governing the universe and man which lie in the Divine Mind, and the possession of which makes one, in a high and ennobling sense, like unto God in knowledge and power. It implies a spirit in full harmony with the moral order of the universe, and hence ever ready and anxious to do the will of God. It implies such love of God, growing out of a knowledge of his nature and purposes, as, being at once spontaneous, pure and earnest, is ever deepening, and ever bringing the life more and more into harmony with His will. It also implies such love of one's fellows as makes of them, each and all, brethren, regardless of race, color or condition in life - brethren to be sought out, informed, guided, developed, elevated, and brought into the Way of Life.

But I am to speak especially of the scholar in public life ; by which is meant all those walks in life which have to do with one's fellow men in their associate and corporate capacities - those walks in which one stands for, and, by agreement, represents his fellows, whether in the humble affairs of the country neighborhood, the village community, the State, or the Nation.

The importance of this relation is to be inferred from the many and varied interests of the community to be studied, provided for, protected, and advanced.

(2). A just regard for the sacred rights of others - a regard so high and so sincere as to leave little room for selfseeking ; a regard so profound, so all-controlling, that no sacrifice could be deemed too great, if, indeed, necessary to insure these rights.

(3). Consecration to the public good - such consecration as that of the brave Leonidas and his handful of heroes, standing as a bulwark against the hosts of Persia, in the Straits of Thermopylae ; such consecration as that of the mighty Luther, giving himself to the vindication of what he considered truth, in the face of the fagot and the rack ; consecration like that of our patriot fathers in pledging their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor to the cause of American Independence.

Do not all these conditions make it manifest that the practical scholar, with all his knowledge of men and things, his love of truth as being sacred and divine, his sense of unity with his fellow men, and his consequent yearning for that freedom which is essential to their growth in knowledge, power and virtue, his high consecration, therefore, to the general weal, is, of all others, the man supremely bound to make himself master of the situation by means of the largest attainable information concerning every field and phase of the public welfare ? In other words, what so reasonable as that the man of large attainments ; of such wisdom as comes from a profound study of man and of men in all history ; of comprehensive views, such as can only come of an acquaintance with all sides of great questions, and with all the elements involved ; of that command of himself which comes of discipline and of self-subordination to the Divine Idea within him ; finally, of those pure and lofty aspirations which are given to those only whose souls are ever open to the influx of the Divine ; - what so reasonable, I say, as that he

And how remarkably is this rational conception confirmed by history ! There have been isolated cases in which, by force of native genius, unaided by culture, men have wrought wonders in the world's behalf, but general history, nevertheless, confirms the rational view.

This demand for knowledge and virtue in the high places of public life, though but half uttered, is a most real demand everywhere. It is also a growing demand. Nay, it is fast becoming a crying demand, as every one must allow who watches the proceedings of almost any of our State Legislatures - nay, of the Congress of the United States, and of legislative bodies in general throughout the world.

Again I say, the voice of Wisdom, the voice of Justice, the voice of a divine Charity, each and all demand that the precious interests of society shall be committed to the ablest, truest, and best equipped of its numbers - demand, therefore, that the best endowed shall be equipped, and that they who have been equipped shall rise to the full measure of such demand.

Woe to the scholars going into public life who do not loyally meet this solemn demand ! Nay, woe to the colleges and universities of this and every land if they do not so instruct, discipline, direct and inspire those upon whom they place the seal of their approval as worthily to fit them for their great and solemn mission to their community, their country, and the world !

At 12:30, on Wednesday, June 20, occurred the Alumni Banquet in the old Thomson Chapel. Covers were laid for four hundred, and the seats were all taken. After two hours spent in feasting, James M. DeCamp, class of '67, of Cincin-

" Hope writes the poetry of the boy, but memory that of man." Fond recollection spans the five decades as with a hand-breadth and it seems but yesterday when strange and timid we stood in the shadow of these gray walls, first slaked our thirst at yonder spring, first felt the awe of the mighty seniors, and for four years lived in an enchanted realm where every tradition was truth and every trivial fact, circumstance and scrap of conversation was clothed in the purple vest? ment of authority.

These grounds, these walls, breathe the sacred influences of those who guided our ways and instructed our minds. The very air is tremulous with the invisible but felt presence of those who stamped their spirit on our lives.

We recall that paragon of dignity and grace, the first President, whose tones were sweetest music to our ears, the incomparable Thomson. We honor the memory of that second President, "rich in saving common sense and in his simplicity sublime ; " the saintly Merrick, who literally poured out his life and means for this University, denied offspring by kind Heaven that this college might be the child and heir of his love. We miss his venerable form, but we rejoice that he lived to see the splendid University Hall, and then, like the patriarch of old, " gathered up his feet and departed in peace."

Our college is noted for the consecrated scolarship of its Faculty, for the unique and unparalleled circumstance of having had a trinity of instructors, Merrick, McCabe and Williams, throughout the whole of its history, concerning which they can say " a part of which I am, and all of which I've seen."

Is it too much to say that these men, with their associates, all under the guidance of that quaternion of leaders, Thomson, Merrick, Payne and Bashford, have made this college what she is ?

Our College is notable in having made a success of coeducation. It is now quite 17 years since the marriage of the two institutions, and "what God hath joined together, let no man put asunder."

Our University is in line with the modern methods of elective courses fitting the student for his specialty in life, and it encourages reasonable athletics, but declines to follow the lead of those colleges which favor optional prayers and compulsory base-ball.

Our University is not here alone in these material buildings and apparatus, but it lives in the lives of its graduates. We are constantly representing the University by our daily thinking and doing. Her influence is felt in the far-off Orient, in the plateaus of South America, where Thomson, Drees and La Fetra, Scott, Sites, Lowry, Davis and others are eloquent and faithful exponents of the principles imbibed here. She speaks from the graves of the Union soldier, where on southern battle-fields Clason, Buchwalter, Andrews and others offered up their scholarly lives that the Union might live.

The beauty and significance of this day is that we meet on a common level, sons and daughters of the same mother, and are therefore equal in her eyes. Our personal successes or failures, our titles and degrees, or lack of them, are not regarded. Whatever our distinctions in the public eye, the only question our mother asks is this, " Has our education made us better men and women ? Is the world happier for our living ? Are we nearer God in spirit and purpose than ten, thirty, fifty years ago?" Has our education made us tender and truthful, sympathetic and helpful ? Have we developed nobility of soul and that refinement and " good taste which is the conscience of the mind, and that conscience which is the good taste of the soul?" If so, then indeed is our mother'proud of us, for I take it that character building is the ultimate aim of all culture worthy of the name.

President Bashford is right ethically and religiously when he carves on the foundation of University Hall, " Christ the chief corner-stone."

Our mother's face is lit with the dawning splendors of the twentieth century. O mother, we salute thee. On thy brow we print the kiss of reverent affection.

The Graduate In Business

Has the college graduate any business to be in business? The theme assigned me affirms ; Mr. Andrew Carnegie denies. It must be admitted that Mr. Carnegie speaks with recognized authority on some subjects, and with assumed authority on a great many others. When Mr. Carnegie ventures an opinion on trusts, we listen, for undoubtedly he knows what he is talking about. When he discourses on wages in Pittsburgh, and castles in Scotland, and newspaper syndicates in England, and money-making in general, we give him due deference. Shall we accept his ipse dixit on the college graduate? Let us see : "The total absence of the college graduate in every department of affairs should be deeply weighed," says Mr. Carnegie. " I have inquired and searched everywhere, in all quarters, but find scarcely a trace of him. Nor is this surprising. The prize-takers have too many years the start of the graduate ; they have entered the race invariably in their teens - in the most valuable of all their years for learning anything - from 14 to 20. While the college student has been learning a little about the barbarous and petty quarrels of the far-distant past, or trying to master languages which are dead, such knowledge as seems for life upon another planet than this as far as business affairs are concerned, the future captain of industry is hotly engaged in the school of experience, obtaining the very knowledge required for his future triumphs. I do not speak of the effect of college education upon the young man training for the learned professions ; but the almost total absence of the graduate from high position in the business world seems to justify the conclusion that college education as it exists is fatal to success in that domain. The graduate has not the slightest chance, entering at 20, against the boy who swept the ofHce, or who begins as shipping clerk at 14. The facts prove this."

Undoubtedly, Mr. Carnegie has the popular side of the argument. Every office boy in the land will loudly applaud him. Every humorous paper will back him up with the inevitable cartoon in which the average college graduate is depicted as a young man with a predisposition towards high collars, an abnormal development of biceps and a constitutional aversion to hard work, not knowing a sight draft from a monthly statement, or a balance sheet from a bill of lading. Every illiterate millionaire, raised suddenly to a position in community where his lack of all that goes to make a great man renders him an object of ridicule or of pity, will find solace in the Carnegian theory. But what are the facts?

First. Is the college graduate an unknown quantity in the business world ? Let this congenial company, presided over by one of Ohio's most enterprising and successful business men, give answer. Alongside the name of a DeCamp, place that of a Mast, a Wright, a Hamilton, a Fairbanks, a Hitt, an Elbert, and a Pattison - all sons of Ohio Wesleyan who have won distinction in the world of affairs. Broadening our view, can we not name in the communities which we represent a score or more of the leading men of business who are college graduates ? Even under the eaves of Mr. Carnegie's mills in Pittsburgh and among his business associates in New York, are many college men whose names are a tower of strength in the financial world. A recent list of 65 famous New Yorkers who owe no small part of their business success to their college training includes such names as ChaunceyM. Depew, Charles Francis Adams, Austin Corbin, and several other presidents of railroads, 18 bankers, 10 merchants, including Alexander T. Stewart and John Jacob Astor, 7 heads of prominent trust and insurance companies, and five heads of leading publishing houses. Surely, Mr, Carnegie must have been searching with his eyes shut when he reached the conclusion that the college graduate is not to be found among successful business men.

Second. Is it true that a college training is fatal to success in business ? Let a few college men of business answer. Says President Low, of Columbia College (who has been himself a business man) : " While it is harder for a college graduate to get started in business than for one who enters it as a boy, in five years from the time he does start, other things being equal, the college graduate will be the peer in business of his friend who began as a boy, and while equally successful in business, he will fill a much larger place in the community than the one-sided man can ever hope to fill." Hear next the testimony of James \V. Alexander, a Princeton graduate and vice-president of the Equitable Life Society of New York : " However it my be with the boy whose talents, temperament and environments are such as to limit his prospects and ambition to a life of physical labor in a subordinate capacity, who can doubt that the boy who has within him the germ of some future master in affairs will be all the more of a leader by reason of a thorough college education and even that he will outstrip in the mere matter of time the boy whose only training was sweeping the shop or adding up columns of figures at the desk." Mr. Charles L. Colby, a graduate of Brown University and President of the Wisconsin Central Railroad, says this : " I earnestly believe that if two men of equal ability start together in the race, one an educated man and the other without a college training, the college man will win every time in the long rim." General Brayton Ives adds this testimony: " All the progress I have made in civil life, including my present occupation - banking - is directly traceable to the special advantages afforded by my education." Finally I quote from the distinguished president of the New York Central Railroad, Chauncey M. Depew, a Yale graduate : " The college-bred man, under equal conditions of capacity and health, has a trained intellect, a disciplined mind, a store of information, and breadth of grasp, with the fearlessness which it entails, that enables him to catch up with and pass his rival. Hundreds of college graduates within the last five years have begun in the various departments of railway work at the bottom. They are firing on the locomotives, working in the machine shops, switching in the yards, keeping books in the treasurer's office, serving in the freight and passenger departments, and my observation of them for this period has demonstrated the value of a college education."

Third. Is the college graduate wanted in business? I am firmly convinced that, whether welcomed or not, he is absolutely needed. Machinery and methods are constantly changing. Business is now conducted on a large scale. Stupendous transactions, in trained hands, are as easily consummated as were formerly the petty operations of a local and limited business. What the business world of to-day wants is not the one-sided man who is slow to comprehend and introduce larger methods, but the man of quick and comprehensive thought, of wide grasp, of easy adaptation, of -absolute fearlessness born of complete self-mastery. What the community at large wants is a man who can lead in all important measures for the public weal ; who can frame a resolution or plead a cause without resorting to the aid of his chief clerk or his legal counsel ; who aspires to fill a large place in a community and not be known simply as a money-grubber ; who is not the man of an affair but the man of affairs. This, I apprehend, is the high privilege, the rare opportunity, before every young collegian whose face is set towards a business career. May this great institution of learning, crowned with its fifty years of glorious history, grasp the import of this call. May it none the less continue to fill the ranks of the ministry, medicine, and the law, but more and more may it send out into the world of business young men of thorough discipline, of lofty and sensible ideals, and of broadest conceptions of a universal brotherhood.

The Graduate In Scienxe

Mr. Chairman, Brethren Alumni, Ladies and Gentlemen : I was pleased to receive from President Bashford an invitation to be present at this banquet, not because I was anxious to speak on the occasion, but because it gave me an added reason for coming to Delaware, and to this institution, which I so much love. But President Bashford invited me to speak about Science and the Alumni for ten minutes, and I consented.

My obligations to this institution are so great, and in .so many ways, that I feel as if I could not express them, nor do too much to repay them, and I most heartily wish that that million dollars, which we were told on Monday the University needed, could at once be raised. It set me thinking how it might be done in this way : Let all the Alumni pay their just debts. The tuition in most institutions in the country is one or two hundred dollars a year, yet here many of us paid hardly anything. I think my scholarship cost me five dollars. I owe, then, not less than four hundred dollars, and with interest twice that. Dr. Nelson told us there were over 1,300 graduates, not counting the women ; and if each of us were to pay a fair tuition now, it would bring at once into the treasury' of the college the sum of 400 x 1,300= $520,000, and if we allow interest, we should have nearly three-quarters of a million. If the women were to do likewise, the full million would be raised.

I walk about the campus and think of the days gone by. I rub my back against the walls of the buildings, and the trees and walks speak to me what others cannot understand, and I live again for a short interval in the days of thirty years ago. I especially remember with gratitude the oppor- tunities of the literary societies, with their debates, essays and so on, and if I were to live again through the period of a college education, I would devote more time and painstaking to such work. In spite of what Dr. McCabe has said, there is no accomplishment so useful everywhere and always as to be able to stand on one's own feet and speak in an interesting and instructive way. I did not do as much of that work as I should have done, but oh - I may say the same thing of almost every study I had.

Two thousand years ago, or so, if a man wanted to know anything, he drew on his seven league boots and went over to Africa, or to Babylon, in order to find a man who could tell him, but nowadays science has changed all that. See what has happened within the past fifty years ! In Locksley Hall, Tennyson wrote more than fifty years ago,

And that was true, and had been true for all time up to then, but a new era then began. The telegraph was then in early infancy, and all the economic uses of electricity were then unknown. That grand generalization of science, conservation of energy, had not yet been discovered, and it has quite transformed all our thinking. Every science has been made over, and many new ones have been added that had no existence until our era. Do we not have the new Astronomy, the new Chemistry, the new Physics, the new Physiology, the new Psychology ? The list of sciences goes through the alphabet - Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry, Dynamics, Energy, Force, Geology, Heat, and so on, from A to Izzard. When the class of '66 was in college, we heard nothing about Evolution, or Thermo Dynamics, but neither were they heard of in other colleges. I have some knowledge of how things were taught in other more pretentious institui88 Ohio IVesleyan University : tions than the Ohio Wesleyan University in those days, and it is my opinion that I got as much, and as good, here, as I could have got anywhere in the country, for the most of what was taught as science in other institutions has been abandoned as inconsequential, or radically wrong. It is right for an educational institution to go slow, and there is not a little of what to-day is dubbed evolution which is certain to become as obsolete as the philosophy of the imponderables has become.

But science has really brought to us a new heaven and a new earth, tho' not the one wherein yet dwelleth righteousness, and the rate at which knowledge has lately grown shows the danger of reasoning from the past to the future without allowing a wide margin. As I have said, the rate of the growth of knowledge during the past fifty years is illustrated by a mechanical principle called acceleration, as distinguished from uniformity. Bishop Foster drew his conclusion as to the hopefulness for the growth of Christianity, from the assumption of uniformity, but so far as there is any analogy between mechanics and religion, one may just as well assume acceleration as uniformity, and if we do that, the case is not so deplorable as the Bishop's figures would indicate. A century plant may stand for years and appear not to make any gain, but suddenly its rate of growth changes and a greater development may take place in one day than was observed in years before, which shows that though the plant was externally the same year after year, yet the molecules ivere ripening. It has been so in science, and there is no reason I know of why it should not be the same in other human affairs.

Well, what was it expected to bring back ? It has traveled but a short time and on a new road. But what did it go out to find? The deity .! Verily if the deity is not to be found in a mountain, is it to be discovered in a molecule? And if one does not discover it in either, is he to be scolded ? Some adventurous ones have crossed the first morass and climbed the delectable mountains beyond, and have had a glimpse of things afar off, and oh, the value of a glimpse - simply a glimpse ! A glimpse may be so new and brief and surprising, that one cannot tell what he has seen. He can stand no sort of an examination upon it, would make an absolute flunk, and yet after the vision his whole life may be transformed. And here is one of the possible advantages of a college course to every one. It gives him the possibility of glimpses which are invaluable, though there is no test by which an institution can discover that one has not had a transforming glimpse. I have never known of a college graduate who regretted his opportunity, but I have known many who regretted wasting their opportunity, and many who have wished they had paid more attention to Science. It is fast changing our modes of living and thinking, and institutions of learning must keep up with advancing knowledge. And now I am sure my time is up, though I should be pleased to speak at length on what Science has done for mankind, for this has been vast, though so recent, and much more is to be expected. Might I close by quoting, with a slight change, Tennyson's oft-quoted lines,

The Graduate In Law

Were it my privilege to be present and make a brief response to the sentiment, " The Graduate in Law," I might stumble very much in the effort to tell you all, my brothers of the O. W. U., how bright was the prospect in 1850, when with my parchments I came away from the then young University, believing myself to be an " A. B.," and the prospect had not dimmed when on the suggestion of Dr. McCabe three years later I transmitted a " V " and in return was decorated and adorned by receiving another parchment designating me as a Master of Liberal Arts, and it may be well for me if the arrow be not sped, and the words be not spoken, for, thereby I may save my reputation and yet be considered capable of thought and expression, for I feel an assurance that if in the body present with you, the sombre side of life would quickly obscure the brighter, in any talk I might make.

When I bade good-bye to Delaware in 1850, it was my purpose to engage in teaching ; in fact, through the kindly office of Elmore Yocum, well known in all the homes of Northern Ohio as a preacher of power and a man of great worth, but who shortly prior to 1850 removed to Wisconsin and there was welcomed, and was highly regarded by the " Badgers" of Wisconsin as he had been by the "Buckeyes" of Ohio, an engagement had been made by which I was to take charge of an Academy at Janesville, Wis. I had no thought that I ever would have an ambition to enter the legal profession.

ial obedience to my loved and honored father, and on my arrival home, when I informed my parents of my purpose to go to the wilds of Wisconsin, I was met with a persuasive refusal, and so my lot was cast in the home, in the little city of my nativity, among the fond friends of my boyhood ; and entering the law office of my father's friend, the late Charles T. Sherman, and his brother, John Sherman, my course in life was deflected, and reaching my majority in time entered on the practice of the law, associated with my preceptors, and so have been a plodder in my profession, gaining no signal victories, and making slight mark in the march of time.

I would not have my brothers believe that I do not greatly regard the dignity of my profession. None other is more honorable in itself or more helpful to the weary sons and daughters of men. If he who enters it properly appreciates his responsibilities, he will magnify his calling.

It is not the province of the lawyer to stir up strife among neighbors, or ever to sever marital relations save under the conditions of the Mosaic code. It is his highest duty, his great glory to cool and calm heads and hearts heated by passion, to save, not waste the increments of toil, preserve, not dissipate and scatter the accumulations of men, fortify and not loosen the obligations of laws human and divine, - in brief, both to counsel and do right and fear not. And his greatest glory if it is given him to protect the virtue of woman, the reputation of the innocent reviled, and to establish the rights of the weak as against the wrongs of the wicked.