Galion City Township

Galion City Township

A T an early day in the history of Gallon, -^^ the people, in their humble way, gave to God a portion of their time and money and influence. Dm'ing the times of hardship, and almost imendm-able poverty, when they lacked most of the comforts that are now enjoyed by the poorest, when dangers threatened fi-om want, sickness and privation, the early settlers found time to sow the seeds of religion and education. How unselfish were the motives of pioneer missionaries, and Christians of evei-y denomination, when they wandered from settlement to settlement, preaching and praying with those who only needed to know of religion to embrace its tenets. They had no hope of reward on earth, foregoing the comforts of home and the pleasiu'e of the family, facing the bitter storm or di-enching rain. Alone and companionless, but for the omnipresence of the Master they served, what a work was theirs, erecting in the wilderness, from station to station, in the wondering presence of the red man, altars at which the pioneers might gather, and perpetuate to all time, tidings of salvation. Across streams, on foot or horseback, thi-ough swamps, over corduroy road, noi'th, south, east, west, in every direction, these men pushed their way, and preached their doctrine. To these men and their eai-nestness, do we owe the plenitude of churches that gi-aco oiu* city, and the religious influence that stamps the characteristics that belong (o it upon our people.

Rightly considered, wo should never look upon our spacious edifices in which we worship at this day, without fervently giving thanks and asking a Ijlessing upon all the j)ioneers of religion. We should consider the magnificent piles dedicated to God and His service as in some sense gi-eat monuments which mark and perpetuate the works of these men.

We have before spoken of Kussell Bigelow, Mr. Matthews, and Mr. Rhinehart. There were many others whose names cannot be recalled; and nothing is known of them except the fact that they preached and worked in the cause. One by the name of Erret was a great laborer, as well as the father of Rev. Francis Clymer. Rev. John Smith, now living west of Gallon, was one among the pioneer ministers. Rev. Mr. Mathews was the first pioneer minister who received any pay. His first year's pay was a subscription list of $15, and the people took great pride in their Presbyterian minister. In 1826 or 1828, Gallon was made a station on a Methodist Circuit, and Russell Bigelow appeared as the minister for this circuit. Father Stough was the first Lutheran minister who preached in the brick Lutheran Church. He was a man much beloved by all who knew him. Previous to the building of chiu'ches, the schoolhouses and jjrivate buildings were much used for the purpose of church service. Where barns were large and commodious, they furnished a convenient place for assemblage. Mr. Hosford's frame bai-n, being the first in the township, was many times utilized for church service. Father Fellows was a stanch member of the Methodist Church, and donated the land for the fii'st Methodist Church in Gallon. Father Stough used to relate some sad experiences of the early days. He said that once, in another county, he started out to collect some money that was imperative to his needs. He went with his horse, but nowhere did he receive any money; everywhere they gave him bacon. Finally the poor horse became loaded down with side meat, and they could not proceed. He received no money and could not dispose of the bacon. He silently prayed to Heaven that his children might never be obliged to endure the hardships and scant pay that he suifered from in his pioneer work.

Not only were schoolhouses, private buildings, and barns witnesses of the i^iety of early days, but the beautiful maple groves of Polk many times resounded with the earnest prayers and hymns of pioneer camp-meetings. Not unfrequently the wondering red men cavight the spirit, and there was awakened in their breasts the keen promptings of a higher and holier life. There was at one time a camp-meeting east of Gallon, held under the auspices of the United Brethren. Dm'ing service, an Indian rode into the grounds, hitched his horse to a limb and took a seat. After service a class-meeting was held. This Indian desired to give his experience. Arising, in his untutored way, he acknowledged to have been a very hard-di-inking man. He took from his pocket a pint whisky flask and declared that he had known the devil to reside in it. Every time he di-ank from the flask, the devil got into him. He finally bought a pint of whisky and had the cork tightly fastened in. This is what saved him. The devil had entered the flask and had hoped to enter his body when he di'ank the whisky. The Indian said he never drank any more, and the devil ceased troubling him. As far as was ever known of this Indian, he led a Christian life.

The last camp-meeting held within the present limits of Gallon was in a beautiful maple grove where Johnson and Linsley's lumber-yard now is. Some of the older citizens will remember a young lad by the name of Harris (whose mother lived in what is now Troy Township, Morrow County), who was converted at this time. This Mr. Harris afterward became a professor in the Ohio Wesleyan University, and is now a Bishop in the Methodist Episcopal Chm-ch.

mined. The Sunday school services were held in the old schoolhouse, the last of the kind, on the present site of Joel Riblet's residence. The credit of this organization belongs to the Lutherans. At this time, church service was held in the same building by the abovenamed congregation. Mrs. Sarah Ruhl and Mrs. Dr. Johnson were most active in the enterprise, and should be credited with its success. It being the only Sabbath school in Galion, it received patronage from persons of all denominations, and they all urged their childi'en with willingness to attend. In the yeai' 1S4(), work was commenced on the first chm-ch building in Galion, which was finished within the year. The building was of brick, and located on the comer of North Union and West Chm-ch streets. The building was beautifully located, and was surrounded by numerous shade-trees. It was at this time greatly admired by all, and to-day many of the old citizens speak of it as though very pleasant and happy associations were connected with it. It was built by the Lutheran and German Reformed congregations. The venerable pioneer missionary, Rev. F. J. Euth, officiated at the laying of the corner-stone; Rev. John Stough was the fii-st Pastor. At this time the English and German Lutherans had no distinctive organizations. Dm-ing the same year that the Lutheran Church was built, work was commenced upon the old Methodist meeting-house, yet standing on West Main street. Although not commenced until after the one previously mentioned, it was first to be completed and ready for services. The land upon which it stands was donated by Father Fellows, who was a zealous worker in the cause, and a pillar of strength in the Methodist Church for many years. Father Fellows had pm'chased the farm on which this building stood, from Benjamin Leveredge. It was already well improved when it came into his possession. A portion of it afterward went ': to make what is called Fellows' Addition to Galion. Before the building of this chm-ch edifice, the barn of this gentleman had l)een the place for holding many an interesting ! meeting, where pioneer preachers were earnest in presenting the precious truth as laid down ' in God's Holy Book. This church was a frame building, and is now used as a dwelling-house. ; A short biographical sketch of Rev. F. J. I Ruth, the oldest pioneer worker in this vicinity, is not out of jjlace in this connection. His life has been one of toil and hardships in the cause he represents ; but for fifty years he has I gone on with unabated zeal and fidelity. This ! reverend gentleman was born in Frederick j City, Md., on the 9th day of January, 1S05. He had fair advantages for education, studying fom- yeai-s with Rev. Dr. Schaefer, under whose tutorship he was taught Latin, Greek, and the classics generally, and who also prepared him for the ministry. He was licensed by the Lutheran Sraod of Maryland, in October, 1830, and was by them soon after sent as a missionary to Ohio. He preached in the vicinity of Galion about two mouths during the year 1831. This same year he located at Ashland, having charge of several stations, among which was Mansfield, where he established a church. In April, 1835, he received an invitation to go to Bucyrus, where in 1832 he organized a church. Dui-ing his stay there he had charge of Sulphur Springs, Spring Mill, London and Mount Zion congregations, besides preaching occasionally in Galion. Mr. Ruth relates that the first time he visited Galion was in 1831. Stai-ting from Mansfield he inquired, when near Shelby, the road to Galion. No one in the vicinity knew of such a place ; they had heard of a place called "Moccasin," and perhaps that was the place. Between Shelby and West Liberty, he met a man of whom he asked the road to Moccasin. The man replied that he had never heard of Moccasin, but that there was a small place near Leesville called " Horseshoe " which was probably the point he wished to reach. WTien he arrived at Gallon he stopped at a log hotel on West Main street, which is now a portion of Mrs. Gill's residence. He inquired of the clerk for the names of some Lutheran families. There were five drunken men in the room, and one of them asked jVIi-. Ruth if he could preach in German. He answered him by saying, " I am not eloquent in German, but I can exhort in that language." They then asked if he could preach in English; he replied that he could, after which they told him that he was not wanted, as they would prefer to hear a hog grunt rather than to listen to an English sermon. Mr. Ruth immediately returned to Mansfield with feelings of disgust. A few weeks after this, the wives of Michael and Levi Ruhl came to Mansfield to hear Mr. Ruth preach. They were well satisfied with him, and gave him a strong invitation to come to Gallon. He accepted the invitation, and preached his opening sermon to a large audience in the frame barn belonging to John Rnh'. He was so kindly received and welcomed that his poor opinion of the Gallon people was considerably modified. He preached occasionally in Gallon imtil the spring of 1852, when he was called as the regular pastor of the church, at the same time accepting the charge of the congregations at Leesville, Newcastle and Lost Creek. He had officiated in the laying of the corner-stone of the Lutheran Chmxh, which was built in 1840. He resided at that time in Bucyrus. He removed to Gallon in 1854, yet continuing to preach to the former congregations till the spring of 1862. He then took charge of four congregations in Richland County, for three years, viz.. Mount Zion, Lucas, Saint John's and Petersburg. He was then recalled to Gallon, Lost Creek, Leesville and Sherer congregations, remaining until 1870, at which time the Gallon Lutheran Church separated from the rest of the charge while he continued with the remaining three for about five years, when, owing to impaired health, he was obliged to rest for two years, since which time he has been serving a congregation at Spring Mills, Richland County. To him it must be with joy and thankfulness that he sees all over this country the bountiful yield of his early sowing. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Galion* was organized A. D. 1831, by Rev. John Stough; a man of eminent piety, and much beloved by all who knew him. His zeal in the work of the Master was invincible, and he was instrumental in laying a good foundation for much of the good work done in after years. He continued his labors with this church for about ten years. Diu-ing his pastorate (in the year 1840), the first Lutheran Church building was erected, on the corner of North Union and West Church streets. The corner-stone was laid the year previous, at which time he was assisted by the now venerable Rev. F. J. Ruth. He was succeeded by Revs. H. W. Lawer, J. B. HoS"man, A. Kiihn, S. Ritz, J. Crouse and I. Culler, who successively served the church with great acceptance until the year 1852. Prominent among the original members of this church, and who took an active part in its organization, were Michael Ruhl, Jacob Ruhl, John Ruhl, Thomas Rinehart, John Rinehart, John Shawber, and Samuel Gerbrecht. About the year 1843, the German portion of the congregation withdrew from this church, to effect an organization of its own. This so weakened the English portion which remained, that ofttimes it seemed a struggle between life and death, and at times

On or about April 1, 1S52, Rev. F. J. Ruth received and accepted a call to become its pastor, and continued such until April 1, 1861. Of his labors I need not here speak, as a brief biography of this venerable father in Israel occurs elsewhere in this work. Suffice it to say, that his labors have been abundantly blessed in this and many other churches he organized in this and adjoining counties. Upon Father Ruth's resignation, in April, 1801, Rev. M. J. Stover took charge of the congi'egation, together with an organization at Leesville. He continued in charge one year and six months. Quite a number of members were added; but, owing to another year and six months' vacancy, many losses were sustained. April 1, 1864, Rev. F. J. Ruth was recalled to again become Pastor of the congregation, which relation he sustained until September 18, 1870. Diu'ing this time, in 1867, the present chiu-ch edifice, on South Columbus street, was erected. Shortly after taking charge, in 1864, two other congi-egations were added to tlie charge, that of Lost Creek and Sherer's, which, together with the one at Leesville, added during Rev. Stover's administration, constituted a charge of foiir congregations. In the summer of 1870, the congregation, deeming more frequent preaching necessary for its welfare than could be given it in connection with three other congregations, petitioned the Wittenbrn-g Synod, then in session at Mansfield, Ohio, of which the charge was a member, to separate it from the other three congregations, and constitute it a charge by itself. This being done, Rev. F. J. Ruth resigned the Gallon congregation, as above stated, September 18, 1870, to continue as Pastor of the remaining tkree congregations. January 1, 1871, Rev. H. B. Miller was called to become the Pastor of this congregation. In the spring of the same year, the members deemed it wise to dissolve the existing organization, and organize anew. They at once proceeded to di-aw up an article of organization and incorporation. This was passed upon and met with approval, and an organization with thirty-five members was effected, a record of which can be found in the office of the Probate Court of the county. The new organization, being weak niimerically and financially, found it impossilile to aftbrd its j^astor an adequate siipport. It now became a mission, under the supervision of the Board of Home Missions of the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of America. Thus it became prepared for the work of the Master, and to husband the blessings of God, soon to be given it. In the winter of 1872-73, the general revival that visited the country at large, came in refreshing waves to the Gallon congregation. During a six weeks' meeting held in the Lutheran Church, about seventy souls were converted to God, sixty of whom united with this church. As a result of this ingathering, the congregation relieved the Board of Home Missions from any further aid, and became self-sustaining. It now became a fixtm-e, taking its place alongside of the other churches of Gallon.

In November, 1875, Rev. H. B. Miller resigned the charge of the congregation, and it was again without a regular pastor eight months. Dirring the winter of 1875-76, Rev. G. M. Heindel preached for it as a supply. But, being without a regiilar pastor, the " love of many waxed cold," and the church sirftered many losses. On the 25th day of June, 1876, the present Pastor, Rev. E. W. Souders, received and accejjted a call from this congregation, and entered regularly upon the duties of the pastorate, July 2, 1876. The roll showed an active membership of ninety.

During the spring of 1878 ard 1879, quite a number of accessions were made, the church enjoj'ing two seasons of precious refreshing from the Lord. Notwithstanding the numerous losses, mostly by removal and death, the church has been making steady progress under the present administration, having grown from 90 to 160 in membership. Its experience, as a congregation, is a varied one. The changes through which it has passed, tended in no small degi-ee to retard its progress for years. But now it has an interesting and efficient Sunday school, under the superintendency of S. G. Cummings, and a membership that will compare favorably with her sister churches, in benevolence and spirituality, and the graces that characterize the true chui'ch of God uj)on earth.

There were quite a number of Lutheran families among the early settlers in Polk Township. There is much that is known by tradition of these old families in connection with their religious proclivities, but recorded facts are not to be found bearing a very old date. We are now writing of " The German Evangelical Lutheran Frudens Geminde of Gallon." This Lutheran Church is not governed by the same synod, nor does it bear any similarity in doctrine to the English Lutheran. Of course there were German and English Lutherans united in the early days to seciu-e services and build the old brick church on the corner of North Union and West Chm-ch streets. Their fii-st meeting was in an old log cabin, a little north of the public square, which was at that time used for a schoolhouse. Among the early members were Christian Buhler and Hem-y Buhler, Ludwig Bohl, Henry Bohl, Daniel Riblet. They had seiTice at intervals, but no regular organization existed. Rev. Father Stough officiated as traveling missionary. As soon as the German element became strong enough they determined to make an effort to organize separately from the English Lutheran. Many German settlers were arriving, who could not converse in English, much less comprehend an abstruse discourse on theology. Altogether, it was deemed best, and the Germans sold to the English people their interest in the old brick church. They then organized under the above name, and in the same year built jointly with the German Reformed congregation, a brick church on South Market Street. There was no union of the two congregations in any other sense than that of a business association for the purpose of economy. Each congregation used the church and had certain privileges and uses, but, as far as the church organization was concerned, they were separate and distinct. Eventually the German Lutherans bought out the interest of the German Reformed congregation. In the year 1874, the front part of the old church building was taken down, and in the front of the remaining part was erected a new church. This building is a model of architectural beauty and a standing witness of well-expended means. This church edifice is the finest in the city of Gallon; and, for the amount it cost ($18,000), can hardly be excelled in beauty and proi^ortion. A Sunday school was organized about the year 1852, which has continued in successful operation up to the present. It has always been well attended and has wrought a good work. Many of the members of the church now becoming gray, gained their first light of God's promise in the Sabbath school. In the fall of 1878, a parochial school was organized, and school opened in the rear of the church. English and German branches are taught. The school has been conducted since its organization by Mr. A. Krueger. Mr. Krueger is also the organist for the congregation. The school has now an enrollment of seventy-two pupils. The fii-st regular minister who preached for this congregation was Rev. J. Kxauss. The congregation has been served in regular succession by J. Schladermimt, M. F. Dethlefs, G. T. H. Meiser, H. Kleinegus, C. Wernle, C. Lilye, and J. A. Schultze, who is the present Pastor, and has been since April, 1875. The congregation numbers 4(10 communing members, or 605, including childi'en. This congregation is eminently prosperous, as is all its interest.

The history of the Reformed German Chm-ch is about the same as that of the German Lutheran. They were associated together and worshiped in common until the year 1847. At this date a regular organization was made. Prominent among the members of this first organization, were Jonas Shumaker, Adam and Daniel Eichhorn, Dr. John Reisinger, Hemy Althaus, John Burgner, Rudolphus Bessinger. Altogether, there were about twenty families in the new organization. They were supplied by visiting pastors of the Reformed Church, until 1850, at which time Rev. Abraham Keller took charge of the interests of the chiu'ch, and preached every other Sabl)ath. He was a man of great zeal and piety, and his memory is yet cherished by all who knew him. He died in Bucyrus dui-iug the year 1852, while yet in the prime of life. In the spring of 1853, Rev. Dr. M. Steam took charge of the field and served the chm-ch with great success and ability, up to the year ISGO. Rev. John Rettig succeeded Dr. Stearn, serving the church for two years. The next Pastor was Rev. John Bippus, who remained until 1868, when Rev. Martin Miller took charge, who, by reason of failing health, was obliged to retire from ministerial labor altogether, which he did in 1871. The congregation then called their former Pastor, Dr. Stearn ; he only served one year, when he was sti'icken with paralysis, and retired. In 1872, Rev. J. H. F. Dickman was called, and served till 1878. At this time, Rev. Dr. J. H. Kline, of Louisville, Ky., was called and is yet serving the church. The Reformed German congregation and the German Lutheran congregation owned jointly a brick church building on South Market street. In 1858, the German Lutherans bought out the interest of the Reformed Chvu'ch. They immediately purchased an acre of gi-ound, of James Gill, on West Main street, at the foot of Boston, and at once began to erect the chiu'ch edifice that now stands on the groiind. This church was dedicated in May, 1859, by Rev. J. Joerris and J. G. Ruhl. The cost of the building was $4,143. They have a basement for Sabbath school and an audience-room. The chiu-ch is out of debt, and expends for all purposes, annually, $1,- 500. In 1868, the congregation purchased a lot on Boston street, near Main street, and erected a building for a parsonage. The superintendent of the Sabbath school is Jacob Schaffuer. The school numbers about 300 members. The church roll shows a membership of 425 communicants.

At the annual session of the North Ohio Conference, held at Medina, Ohio, August 7, 1850, the Gallon Methodist Episcopal Church was combined with the Methodist Churches of Leesville, "West Point, Iberia, Ebenezer and West Liberty, and the combination was known as Gallon Circuit. At this time, there were fifty-eight members in the church at Gallon, and the following names we find on the official roll: Randall Smith, Jonathan Fellows, John Rinehart, John Gilliland, Thomas B. Casner and S. P. Nave. A few of these officers remain, the rest have fallen iisleep in Christ. The Rev. William Thatcher was Pastor during the year. The following year Rev.

John Orr was Pastor, and Rev. Alonzo Rodgers assistant. In the fall of 1853, Rev. E. H. Bush was appointed Pastor, and Alonzo Rodgers assistant. In 1853, Rev. William Hudson was appointed Pastor, and Rev. James W. Fribley assistant. During this year, the name of Dr. N. E. Hackedorn appeared on the official roll. Rev. Z. C. Norton was appointed Pastor, and Rev. E. J. McClelland assistant, in the fall of 1854. These ministers sustained their pastoral relation to the Gallon Circuit for two years, the longest pastorate that as yet any of the ministers had sustained to this circuit.

At the General Conference of 1856, the North Ohio Conference was divided and a new conference organized, called the Central Ohio; and at the first session of this new conference Delaware District was formed, and Gallon Circuit became a part of this district.

Through the earnest labors of the pastors and the people, the church in Gallon had steadily increased in numbers and strength, and it was now thought that with the aid of Union Chapel, situated two and one-half miles west of Gallon, a pastor could be sustained without the aid of the other congregation, so Gallon and Union Chaj^el were set oft" as a pastoral charge, and Rev. A. J. Lyon appointed Pastor. In 1857, Rev. S. H. Alderman was Pastor. During this year the Lord gi-eatly blessed the labors of His people, and many souls were converted and added to the church ; of these quite a number became useful workers in the vineyard of the Master. In 1858, Rev. William S. Paul was ajJiioiuted Pastor. During this year the church, under the leadership of this faithful servant of God, resolved to build a new house of worship. A meeting of the members and friends of the chm-ch was called for consultation, at which time a conditional subscription was started - subscription to be binding when §3,500 was subscribed. The church now decided to piu-- chase the old parsonage property, corner of Walnut and Columbus streets, which had been sold to 'Ml-. James Braden, and there locate the new edifice. The purchase was made ; and, on the 12th day of February, 1859, at a meeting of the congregation, it was reported that the desired amovmt of subscription was seciired. This gave gi-eat encoui-agement to the friends of the enterprise, and they determined to push the work of building as rapidly as possible. The old chm-ch on West Main street was sold to the Disciples; a building committee, composed of Loyd Lowe, William Hays and Rev. W. S. Paul, was appointed, contracts were soon let, and the work commenced. Rev. W. S. Paul was returned to the charge in 1860, and in the good providence of God was enabled to carry through, by the help of the noble band of workers at his side, the work of church building to completion; and on the 16th day of September, 1860, the new chiu'ch was dedicated to the worship of God. In the fall of 1860, Rev. Amos Wilson was aiii^ointed Pastor. This was a year of great spiritual prosperity. The people had given of their substance to build the Lord a house. Now the Lord came and filled it with His glory, and blessed the people. In this revival many, old and young, were converted; heads of families were saved and became grateful helpers in the church of Christ. This year. Union Chapel was transferred to Caledonia Circuit, and Gallon became self-sustaining. Before the pastoral year closed. Rev. Mr. Wilson I'esigned the charge and accepted the chaplaincy of the Twenty-thu'd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and Rev. W. S. Paul filled the imexpired pastoral term. He was succeeded by Rev. L. B. Gurley, D. D., a man innocent as a child, pm-e as an angel, and as eloquent as Apollos. He filled the pulpit for two years with great ability, and to the delight and profit of his auditors.

Diu'ing his pastorate an addition was built to the parsonage. Rev. F. Mamott succeeded Dr. Gurley as Pastor; he sustained this relation but one yeai-, having been taken by the authorities of the chiu-ch and placed on Lima District, as Presiding Elder. Kev. Mr. Mamott was succeeded by Eev. W. W. Winters, who remained with this chiu'ch two years, the full length of the pastorate allowed by the law of the church. He was followed in the fall of 1S66, by Rev. A. Nelson, D. D. He also remained full length of pastoral term, and his services were greatly enjoyed by the congregation, and blessed by the Lord in the spu'itual cultm-e of the worshipers.

The General Conference held at Chicago in May, 18GS, so changed the boundaries of the North Ohio and Central Ohio Conferences that Gallon became a point in the North Ohio Conference; and, at the following session of the conference, Eev. H. Dubois was appointed Pastor. He remained but one year with this church, and thi'ough his labors a number of important additions were made to the membership. He was followed by Eev. S. Mc- Burney, who remained two years and was successful in the temporal and spiritual work of the chiu-ch. He improved the church property to the amount of $3,700. He was succeeded by Eev. John W. Buxton, who at the close of one year was appointed Presiding Elder of Mansfield Disti-ict. In 1872, Rev. George W. Pepper was appointed Pastor, and sustained this relation three years, the longest pastorate in the history of this chiu-eh. God blessed his labors with a gracious revival, and many who imited with the church in the revival are faithful to the jjresent. He was followed by Eev. Lorenzo Warner, who after seven months of service was transferred to the chm-ch trimnphant which is before the throne. Eev. S. Mower, D. D., filled the unexpired term and at the close of the year was appointed

I mained but one year, and was instrumental in the hand of God in saving many souls, some of whom are filling official positions in the church and Sabbath school. He was followed by Rev. E. Y. Warner, who oecujiied the pulpit two yeai's, and, tlu-ough the assistance of ]\L's. L. O. Eobison, of Greencastle, Ind.. quite a number were added to the church dm-- ing his seconii year. In the fall of 1S~'J, Rev. S. A. Thomson, present incumDeni, succeeded ISii. Warner. Thus we nave seen this little vine, from a small beginning, grow to be a strong church. Its present membership numbers 325. " What hath God wTought !"

The German Methodist Episcopal Church dilfers in no wise from the English Methodist Ejaiscopal Chiu'ch, except in language. The church in Gallon sej^arated fi-om the Zoar Station, which was an old and large association, having a chiu-ch edifice west of Gallon about three miles. There had been in this vicinity a missionary by the name of Christian Nast, sent by the Central Ohio Conference, in 1842. In the year 1844, another missionary was sent here, by the name of Rev. Nuhfer, who preached in the old log schoolhouse then existing. This minister went to work in earnest, and in a short time had organized a German society. Among some of the fii'st members at this organization were Ludwig Grerth, Antoine Young, Louis Quant, Louis Gugler, Jacob Self, Michael Self, Peter Brick. The fii'st regular minister of this chiu'ch was John Bier. The services were held in the log schoolhouse imtil that was sold by the village. They then, in common with other chiu'ches, held services in the old Brick Lutheran Church, near the cemetery. When the English Methodist Chui-ch was built, the GeiTuan Chm-ch had preaching in the basement. In 18G4, the fi-ame building, the first built by the Methodists, on West Main street, was purchased. Here they remained until 1873, at which time they sold their property to Richard Atkinson, and bought a lot corner of Atwood and South Market streets. Here they erected a fine brick edifice at a cost of $12,000, and which they yet occupy. The present Presiding Elder is Eev. George Schwim, and the Pastor, Rev. P. J. Grrassle. There are about seventy full members, besides probationers. The Sabbath school has an enrollment of about seventy members. The first Sabbath school of this church was organized in 1860, with Ludwig Gerth as Superintendent.

The first Presbyterian organization in G alion was effected in 1851. Before this time, a scattered few were zealous in their efforts to keep up the interest in their faith. They had not been selfish in their work, and with liberal minds they added fuel to the flame that burned upon God's altar, and were gratified at the success of Chi-istianity through representatives of all faiths.

In 1851, the Marion Presbytery (O. S.) gave ear to the petition of Mr. John Young and his wife, Mr. Joseph Lee and his wife, Mr. John McClelland and his wife, Mrs. Ann Rankin and Mrs. Barton. In response to this petition, they sent to Gallon a committee consisting of Rev. J. B. Blaney, Silas Johnston and J. P. Lloyd for the purpose of organizing a church. These were the nuclei - small, but fii-m as the Rock of Ages - which have year by year assimilated and grown to the fair proportions that church now assumes. From this little band of pioneers, there has developed a church that is a power for good, and a worthy representative of God's instrumentality. Of this number, but few remain on earth. The rest have gone to join that larger congregation above. Joseph Lee, John Young, and Ezra Day were the first Elders, followed by others in regular succession, viz., Abraham

De Haven, David KeiT, T. H. B. Beale, James Bryant, F. W. Johnson, William Dickey, J. M. Snodgrass, Elah D. Shaler, etc., many of whom are yet here, working with faith and love in the cause of the Lord. The infant church held frequent and earnest prayer meetings at the house of Mr. J. McClelland. Undoubtedly a large portion of success was attributable to these zealous gatherings. Gallon, at this time, had but 400 inhabitants, and several other churches were in operation. No house of worship, no resident minister, there was much to discourage them, and but little to cheer. Services were held every second Sabbath in summer and every fourth Sabbath in winter, and this in the afternoons, yet the small congregation struggled against these obstacles nobly. A serious blow to the church was the removal of Rev. J. P. Lloyd to Mt. Gilead, and the vacancy thus created was difficult to fill. On the completion of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad the town rapidly increased in population, and the other churches kept pace with it. The Presbyterian Church remained stationary, with occasional preaching in a borrowed or hired house. From this time there was a vacancy, which lasted for three years and six months. This was nearly fatal to the organization. Added to vacancy was debt, with its crushing weight and other attendant evils. All of these causes had a fair share of disaster to account for, yet the organization prevailed, and in 1858 Rev. Mr. Lloyd returned from Mt. Gilead and resumed charge of the struggling church, jointly with the church of Crestline. Each communion thereafter witnessed new accessions of members, and in two years more the subject of building a house for the Lord was broached. Differences were settled and unity prevailed sufficiently to commence the building. A site was selected on South Market street, and work commenced. It had not progi-essed far when the civil war broke out, and the building ceased. It stood still for a few years, and was finished in 1863. Now a heavy debt was incuiTed, and the chiu'ch had yet to struggle against these earthly fetters. The year 1802 was an era in the history of the church. Then the nm-sery of the church was organized, in the form of the Sabbath school. In 1866, the Rev. 'Mr. Lloyd removed to Crestline, and another short vacancy occurred, which was filled by Rev. A. E. Thompson. During his stay, immense efforts were made to do away with the delit. The enterprise of liqiiidating a large portion of the debt was particularly due to F. W. Johnson, aided by labor and prayer by T. H. B. Beale, James Bryant, David Kerr and Dr. J. M. Snodgi-ass. In 1808, Rev. Thompson's removal caused another vacancy of nearly a year. In 1869 Rev. Kingery served the church as stated supply for one year. Another short vacancy was filled by Hugh R. Price, who remained from 1871 to 1874. Rev. jNIr. Price was possessed of winning manners, and gained friends from every side, especially among the non-church-going classes. Although far up in years, and suffering much pain from the infirmity which ended his life, he was truly " the old man eloquent."

After Rev. Jlr. Price's removal, some time elapsed before he was succeeded by Rev. Milton Mcilillin. " Although not a great preacher, he was a man of great spiritual power, a devoted Pastor, and successful in his work. Some of the good seed sown by Rev. McMillin has come up and borne fruit, and much we trust, yet remains." " With his assistance the Sabbath school increased in numbers and interest. The church was stirred up to work and prayers." ]Mr. McMillin ceased his labors here, April, 1875. Four months after, came Rev. Edward P. Elcock, who is yet seizing the church. The Presbyterians are out of

The Regular Associated Baptist Chiu-ch of Gallon, Ohio, was organized on the 14th day of January, 1859. There was no regular pastor for the church until the month of April, 1861. At this time. Rev. J. B. Sutton became the Pastor of the young church. Prior to this, and on the 29th day of December, 1859, the Regular Baptist Church of Galion met, and while so convened entered into the following agi-eements: "We, the undersigned, members of the Regular Baptist Church, in the Mohican Association, for our mutual good and the promotion of the cause of Christ, do covenant and agree with each other, in church capacity, and as a branch in Galion of the Bloomfield Church, in the Mohican Baptist Association, to maintain the apostolic order of the church in its primitive purity.

" First. We believe the Bible to b given by inspiration from God; we believe the New Testament to be a complete rule of faith and practice for the chiirch. Signed, John Williams, J. A. Mann, Sarah Williains, Martha Mann, W. B. Cloak, Chai-lotte Ricker, Nancy Ruhl, Savezilia Peterson, Emma Stout, Orlando Steward, Emily Steward, B. G. Schi-ock." In the spring of 1862, the chm'ch began to build the brick house of worship they now occupy. As soon as the foundation was laid. Elder J. B. Sutton mounted the scaffold, with his trowel in hand, and worked assiduously at the brick-laying until the walls were completed. He did much other work on the building, and labored hard, by physical and mental means, till the building was completed, which was during the year. On the 3d of August, soon after completion, the building was dedicated by Rev. J. W. Osborn, then of Mansfield. Elder J. B. Sutton occupied the new pulpit until August, 1864. At this time Elder S. Whitney occupied the pulpit alternately till April,

1866. A. D. Abbott then preached for the congregation for one year, but from April, 1 SOT, to April, 1872, this church had no pastor. Their chui'ch building was occupied a jaortion of this time by the English Lutheran Church, while they (Lutherans) were erecting their own building. In April, 1872, Elder B. M. Morrison was called, who faithfully and ably served the church until early in the winter of the same year he died. In January, 1873, O. H. Betts was called, and ordained as Pastor of the church. He occupied the pulpit until July, 1874, when Elder T. Yarnell was called, who remained till October, 1876. Next in order came Elder John Hawker, who remained tlu-ee and one-half years. Dm-ing Elder Hawker's stay, the church increased in membership more than 100 per cent. Elder Hawker resigned his pastorate and removed to Portsmouth. His place was imntfediately filled by Elder H. B Fernald, who now occupies the pulpit with ability and faithfulness. The membership of this chiu-ch is eighty-six communicants. There is a good Sabbath school, conducted by IMi'. Wiilen, with a membershij) of eighty.

The chiu-ch of the United Brethren in Chi'ist of Gallon was oi'ganized in 1852. Previous to this date, a number of meetings, as well as of camp-meetings, had been held in the vicinity. Among the earlier itinerant ministers of this chiu-ch were Rev. W. R. Ehinehart and Rev. Peter Flack. The first efforts toward organization were made after the arrival of Rev. Francis Clymer, who preached his first sermon in the old Lutheran Chiu-ch. He at this time instituted a protracted meeting, and, in company with the Lutheran Chm-ch, succeeded in arousing a spirit of revival. About fifty souls were converted, of which number about one-half united with the Brethren Church. At the time of the organization, thi-ee trustees were elected: Rev. F. Clymer,

Daniel Hoover, and Jesse Puskeypile, who were instructed to pu.rchase ground and pre pare for building a chm'ch. The west half of the lot on northeast corner of East Walnut and South Market streets was piu'chased, and building commenced. The church was finished dm-ing the year, at a cost of upward of §4,- 000. This was the first chm-ch erected in Gallon after the completion of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad. Prominent among the members at the organization were Daniel Hoover and wife, Jonathan Besline and wife, Jesse Puskejisile and wife, Mrs. Mary Wertz, Mi-s. Sarah Underwood, John Moreice and wife, Henry Dice and wife. At this time a class was formed, of several members, with Daniel Hoover as Class-leader. At the same time Daniel Hoover organized a Sabbath school, of which he was Superintendent. The congregation rented the Lutheran Chiu-ch for one year, after which, they held their services in the old Methodist frame church till their own building was finished. The first regular minister who preached after the chm-ch was built was Rev. Arkinson Berry, who remained for two years. The minister now preaching for the congregation is Rev. Mr. Ramsey. The present Superintendent of Sabbath school is S. K. Traul. There are em-olled upon the books upward of 200 names, and a membershiiJ of the Sabbath school of nearly 250 scholars. In January, 1854, there came to Gallon a Catholic missionary by the name of Matthias Ki-eusch. The religious order to which he belonged was designated as the C. P. P. S. He came here with an earnest piu-pose, and lost no time in beginning the work that he had in contemplation. He brought together the little band of Catholics, and by his earnest preaching he succeeded in organizing them into a congregation. The first services that he held were iu a private house, a fi-ame dwellf ing belonging to Mr. Endiger, and situated near the Cleveland, Cohimbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad depot. The next year, they built a small frame church building on East Main sti-eet, near the railroad. After some time the congregation bought the property on South Union street, and north of the union school building. Here they erected a neat and tidy brick church. It was small, but of sufficient size to accommodate the growing congregation. The parsonage was on the same gi-oiind. In 1865, the chiu-ch was erected, and a parochial school was commenced at the same time. The priest at this time was Father John P. Pitts. He, in addition to church duties, took charge of the parochial school. In 1867, St. Patrick's and St. Joseph's congregations separated, and each society conducted a parochial school. In 1873, St. Patrick's society erected the fine brick chiu'ch in the eastern part of Gallon. At this time, Father Girardin conducted the church and school. In 1877, St. Joseph's congregation purchased the property on the corner of Liberty and Church streets. This is the block of three lots, and the tii-st brick schoolhouse in Polk Township. The congi-egation have remodeled the building, so that it now constitutes the parsonage, parochial school and church. Father Girardin left, by orders from Bishop Gilmore, and was replaced by Father Ksempker, who at present has charge. It is the intention of St. Joseph's Society to erect, in 1881, a fine brick chui-ch on one of their vacant lots south of the present building

In October, 1869, the Eev. George S. Davis commenced missionary work in Gallon, in the interests of the Protestant Episcopal Chiu-ch. He perfomied the sei-vice, and preached on alternate Sabbaths. His ministrations were continued for about six months. Early in December, preliminary steps were taken for the organization of a parish, and the name of "Grace" was selected for the mission. No application was made at this time for admission to the convention. The first vestry were then elected, and wore as follows : Ml-. Ball, Senior Warden ; Horace Harding, Junior Warden and Clerk of Vestry. T. A. Phillips, Charles Horn, VestrjTiien. Communicants - Mr. Ball, C. Horn, H. Harding and wife, E. M. Sibley and wife, Mrs. A. W. Ball, Mrs. George Stowell, Mrs. T. H. Bancroft, Mrs. W. Smith. Sei-vices were then held in the Baptist Chxirch building, on Walnut street. After Mr. Davis ceased his labors in Gallon, the service was occasionally read by Messrs. Trimble, Doolittle and others. At length, however, all service ceased, and the church remained quiet and inactive for the space of three years. On Satiu'day, July 5,. 1873, Mr. Hillyar came to take charge of the chiirch. No preparation being made for services, he spent his first Sabbath in visiting members and families. He found them hopeful and in earnest sjiirits, with a fair amount of church attachment. On July 14, service was held in the chapel of the schoolhouse, after which the use of the hall of Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers was solicited and secured. In the afternoon after the first service in this hall, committees were appointed, and Bible and Sunday-school classes were formed. In the year 1874, a piece of ground was purchased on South Union street, of Mr. Fisher, for §650. Ground was soon broken, and a church edifice erected after a plan submitted by the Bishop and designed by Lloyd & Pearce, of Detroit, Michigan. The first services in the new church were held on June 27, 1875, fifth Sunday after Trinity. On December 19, 1875, the Rev. Marcellus Karcher, from the diocese of Central Pennsylvania, took charge of the mission, and entered upon his duties. He remained till Octoljer 1 , 1876. During his stay, the ladies of the church reduced the debt of $1,100 to $300. On May 25, 1876, the Festival of the Ascension, the chm-ch was consecrated. Much was due to T. A. Phillips, who personally assumed the debt of $300, that the chiurch might have consecration.

This church building is a model of neatness and excellent arrangement. Its dimensions are ample, its proportions handsome, the appointments are elegant and complete. The entrance is on the northeast, facing east, the aisle running north and south. The entrance to the vestry is on the southeast corner, on the right of the chancel. To the left of the chancel is the organ, which is one of the finest in the city. The woodwork and furuisliings are of late design and richest finish. This little gem is well worthy of the pride taken in it by the members of " Grace " Chui'ch. The present Eector of Grace Chiu'ch is Rev. Samuel T. Street, who took charge in February, 18S0. There are twenty-nine communicants in the church, and a well-conducted Sabbath school of about fifty members.

Gallon has among her citizens a large number of young men, who work hard and faithfully in the shops, or on the road, or wherever their business calls them. A large portion of these men are single, or have but one room where they board. In consequence (as it is in all manufacturing towns) secret societies are in favor, and are generally well patronized. Some of these societies are merely speculative, but there is a constant danger of death and mangling in the particular work that engages a large proportion of the citizens, and a species of insvu-ance is imited with the advantages of a club-room. There are no less than five of the latter societies, consisting of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, Knights of Honor, Royal Arcanum, American Legion of Honor. Among speculative secret societies are three of Independent Order of Odd Fellows, two Blue Lodges of Free and Accepted Masons, and one Chapter of Royal Arch Masons. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Division No. 16, meets every Monday evening in Engineers' Hall, East Main street, A. G. Bryan, C. E. ; Robert Boyd, F. A. E. ; J. R. Belton Corresponding Secretary and Insurance Agent. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, Union Lodge No. 5, meets on Sunday afternoon of each week in B. of L. E. Hall, A. N. Jenkinson, M., Theo. WooUey, R. S. Knights of Honor, Mutual Lodge No. 32, meets on the second Monday and fourth Tuesday of each month, in Long's Block, southeast side of public square; E. J. Hann, D.; A. E. Reed, K. Royal Arcanimi, Gallon Council No. 20, meets in the hall of the K. of H., first Thursday and third Friday of each month ; J. R. Homer, R. M. ; J. T. Ryone, Secretary. Eureka Lodge, No. 138, American Legion of Honor, meets in Odd Fellows' Hall, on second Wednesday and fourth Saturday of each month ; J. T. Ryone, C. ; A. Lewis, Secretary. Beside these named, there are many societies formed for mutual relief, social advantages, and literary entertainment. All deaths in this community of members of insurance societies have been promptly paid, and all of the above associations are respected. But little difference exists in the principle upon which each is founded. The American Legion of Honor difibrs from the others chiefly in admitting ladies to full membership. The charter of Fidelity Lodge, F. & A. M., bears date of Oct. 17, 1860. (A. L. 5860.) The petitioners to the Grand Lodge were, Joseph Hildreth, H. C. Carhart, William S. Paul, S. Stieger, P. W. Webber, C. Hostetter, A. C. Allen, H. S. Camp, H. M. Duff, J. Sedick, O. Lam, John C. Snyder, James S. Potter, Z. E. Barrett, C. D. Fullington, A. S. Skilton, William Smith, A. S. Caton, M. M. Camp,

Masom-y took a deep hold upon the affections of the people, and the number of its votaries increased. In the year 1808, it was decided to create a new Lodge. The following-named brethren had been working under a dispensation from Grand Master Matthius, and petitioned the Grand Lodge on the 21st of October, 1S6S, as follows:

" To the Grand Lodge of the most Ancient and Honorable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Ohio, convened and assembled at the city of Dayton, Ohio, gi-eeting. L. H. York, G. W. Barker, Y. C. Case, Jerry Wemple, H. L. Gordon, A. W. Ball, C. H. Home, John Swisher, J. C. Hartzler. Brock Quigley, having heretofore assembled under dispensation fi'om Grand Master Matthius, now pray for a charter under title of Gallon Lodge No. 414. Brother J. W. Holmes, Master; M. P. McGregor, Senior Warden; James A. Larnerd, Junior W^arden. City of Dayton, Oct. 21, A. D. 1868, Era of Masonry 5868."

Block, southwest corner of the square, until the winter of 1879. During the spring of 1878 a dispensation for a charter was secured, in accordance with a petition fi-om J. W. Holmes, H. A. Cooper, H. R. Kelly, Samuel Wagner, G. W. Burt, O. L. Hays, J. Campbell, William Smith, A. B. Quigley, M. B. Mann, W. H. Raymond, John Swisher, Jeremiah Wemple, Brock Quigley, H. L. English, J. S. Graham, Albert Cook, C. J. Home, George W. James, John Blythe, J. R. Homer, A. S. Caton, T. H. Lindsley. This dispensation was granted, and the Chapter worked under it till Oct. 11, 1878, Year of Discovery 2408, at which time a charter was granted by the Grand Chapter of Ohio, convened at Columbus. J. W. Underbill, Grand High Priest; J. B. Hovey, Deputy Grand High Priest; Daniel A. Scott, Grand King; J. H. Chamberlain, Grand Scribe. Attest: James Nesbitt, Grand Secretary. First officers of Crawford Chapter No. 142, were George W. Burt, High Priest; Otho L. Hays, King; William H. Raymond, Scribe. These thi'ee lodges were prosperous, and were constantly gaining in wealth and numbers. Soon after the formation of the Chapter, many of the Masons conceived the idea of furnishing a new lodge-room. David Mackey was about building a fine thi-ee-story block on South Market street. The new lodge. No. 414, and the Chapter, secured the upper story of this block, and had it finished under their ovm supervision. Every convenience of modern lodge-rooms was provided, and the room was divided with such accuracy as regards convenience and utility that it is practically perfect. It is furnished in a beautiful manner, with all the taste that refinement could suggest and money procure. They removed to the new. lodge room in the winter of 187'.). The main room is of tine proportions; the floor covered by a fine Brussels cai-pet, and the windows secm-ed by inside shutters. A magnificent secretary's desk in one corner is harmonized by a fine imitation pipe organ in the opposite corner. The chairs are all of black walnut, those in the lodge-room of a different pattern from those in the banquet-room. A library and banquet room are separated by sliding doors, and can be easily made into one. A kitchen, with a fine cooking range, with all the kitchen furniture, connects with the banquet-room. An ample pantry has its shelves full of table-ware. In short, this lodge-room and its accompaniments is well worthy of the pride taken in it, and a seat among the brethren is an honor of which one may feel proud. The present officers of Gallon Lodge No. 414, are as follows: John Blythe, W. M. ; L. H. York, S. W. ; D. S. Quigley, J. W. ; M. L. Hackadorn, Treasurer; H. A. Cooper, Secretary; J. E. Williams, S. D.; T. M. Miller, J. D.; William Smith, Tiler. Officers of Crawford Chapter No. 142: G. W. Burt, H. P.; J. R. Homer, King; J. Blythe, Scribe; J. W. Holmes, Captain Host; H. A. Cooper, P. S.; D. S. Quigley, R. A. C; G. M. 3d V.;

The first subordinate lodge of the I. O. O. P. was instituted on the 9th day of March, 1853. The charter members of Gallon Lodge No. 215, are as follows: The Grand Lodge of the State of Ohio, by authority of a charter from the Grand Lodge of the United States, do hereby grant this warrant or dispensation to U. S. Baker, D. M. Barton, D. W. Roberts, P. D. Connell, A. S. Caton, David Hiltabital, M.

B. Payne, P. Ashbaugh, John P. Wisterman, John Crawford, Edward Kenyon, Charles Roberts, J. C. McQuaid, J. E. McQuaid, J. P. Smith, C. I. Hutchinson, D. L. Dye, and Sigmund Baker. Done at Dayton, Ohio, the 20th day of January, 1853. Instituted March 9, 1853. This lodge met in several localities before they secured a permanent location. They built the third story to the brick block erected by Mr. Hostetter, and now owned by H. C. Carhart.

The large German population in Gallon induced them to organize the Ober Rhein Lodge I. O. O. P., No. 604. They were granted a charter or dispensation by the Grand Lodge of Ohio, the 12th day of May, 1875. It was instituted June 16, 1875. The charter members are Charles Slapp, Heinrich Reusch, Wilhelm Biehl, John Lorsch, Wilhelm Hollander, Heinrich Straub, Jacob Gugler, Freidrich Koppe, John J. Sang, John Gaushorn, Jacob Schupp, Carl Storck, Hermann Mannhardt. This lodge also met in difl'erent places before they were permanently located.

Aug. 4, 1869, the Lebonah Encampment of Patriarchs No. 123, was instituted. The date of their charter was May 5, 1869. The charter members are William Rogers, W. W. Schafier, J. J. Rick, Hugh Ross, Henry Ogden, C. J. Slater, and A. M. Brown The two subordinate lodges and the Encampment are now located in the third story of Kesselmier's Block. Their lodge-room is beautifully proportioned jand handsomely finished. The walls are of artificial granite, and the emblems of the order are hung around in beautiful order, and have a striking efi'ect. They have their lodge excellently furnished, and the furniture is good. The ceiling is lavishly decorated in stucco work, and the beautiful chandeliers susjjeuded from the ceiling, give, at night, a beautiful effect. The officers of Gallon Lodge are: Alex Bookwalter, N. G.; J. W. Coulter, V. G.; John Hart, Secretary. The officers of Ober Rhein Lodge are: Samuel Myers, N. G. ; Jesse Emmenigger, V. G. ; Jacob Ritzhaupt, Secretary. The officers of Lebonah Encampment are, W. G. Goshorn, C. T.; Samuel Dice, J. W.; W. W. Shaeffer, Treasurer; Simon Bookwalter, Scribe.

The older members of a family, emigi-ating from well-settled districts and wealthy communities, had advantages of education that pertain to such places ; but, in bringing their children to a new country, not the least blessing left in the old home is the privilege of education. First, cabins must be built, land cleared, roads made, clothing provided, and each hand must assist in bringing about them the necessities of life. Generally, for a few years there are not families enough in the community to support a teacher. Some few endeavor to impart a little instruction, in a rudimentary manner, at home. Finally the time arrives when families enough, by com- bined efforts, can support a school.

The first schoolhouse erected in Gallon was ' located in the near vicinity of C. Scrim's residence, on West Main street, in 1822. There I was no district formed. No pai-liamentarj' j point obstructed the progress. No red tape or circumlocution hampered the completion of | the work. This was a commimity of primitive ways and simple habits. There was a ' sudden awakening to the necessity of educa- i tion, and of having a schoolhouse, and an instinctive impression that it could be built and a school supported. Acting upon this spontaneous impulse, the citizens came together with their teams, axes, and all the tools and apparatus required. It was a round-log schoolhouse, with a clapboard roof. Poles were crossed on the ceiling and stuffed with moss; over this was plastered clay. Sections of logs were cut out for windows, of which 1 there were three. Frames were made for these windows by Mr. George Wood, who was a carpenter; and, that the force of this remark j may not be lost, we will merely state that the frames were an advance upon the ordinary foi-m of window, which was generally a hole in the cabin, with greased paper covering it in the winter. A large fire-place, opening into | a chimney of sticks and clay, occupied one end of the building. The seats were of split logs, or slabs with the flat side up, holes bored slanting near the ends, and long pegs di-iven in to form benches. The most difficult of all feats to perform was to keep all four legs on the floor at one time. A few boards were stv cured, which were attached to the walls around the building, to be utilized as wi-iting desks. The building, when finished, was rude and uncouth in appearance, somewhat dai-k in the interior, but warm ; but it was the beginning of school. The germ of education was planted in the midst of the settlement; how well it took root, and grew fi'om year to year; how it was carefully nurtured and cared for, and the grand result, the perfection of the school system, till now there seems little more to do - is evident to all. Mr. David Gill pos.sessed an education, and a knowledge of business forms, in advance of his associates in Gallon. It was conceded by all that he should first have the honor of teaching the youth of Galion. Accordingly, we find him duly installed, with full authority at once with the book and the birch. The pay for the teacher and support of the school did not come from assessments, biit by subscription. No regular set of books were studied. The Bible was frequently the reader, and Webster's old spellingbook was in requisition.

The settlement increased in population, new families arrived each year, and younger children became old enough to go to school. The child six years of age studied by the side of the boy sixteen years old. The necessities of education made a new demand upon the i)eople. Not only was a larger building needed, but pride stepped in and demanded that the new building should be bett(>r, neater and finer in every respect possible. The old gi'aveyard on West Main street was selected as the site of the new schoolhouse. Here a "sctitched" log schoolliouse was erected. The logs were lightly hewed on the outside after the building was erected. This schoolhouse was used for religious worship, and was the first public building used for that jsurpose. In the year 1834, this building bm-ned down. The next building erected for school purposes was a hewed-log building, on what is now Joel Riblet's property, on North Market street. The gable ends were sided up and painted red; the roof was of shaved oak shingles ; the walls were chinked with clay, mud, and stone. Here, in the third schoolhouse built in Galion, we find the slab seats are yet j)redominant. An improvement existed, however, by the innovation of desks. These were made something in the shape of a box, with poplar boards. A featui-e of this school was a piece of furniture called the dunce block. It was separated from the other seats, and generally placed in the aisle or near the teacher's desk. More than one father and mother of Galion can now bring to recollection the shame and confusion they experienced when occupying this lowly seat. But nothing could be added to the shame, when, occupying the dunce block, the " fool's cap " was placed on the head. These modes of punishment were in full vogue during the long time Mr. John Stauffer taught, and were generally not considered inappropriate. We doubt very much that a teacher would be sustained for a single day in such a course at this time. This old building outlived its usefulness as a hall of learning, and now does duty on the lot north as a wagon shop, owned by Jacob Henenom. Most of the middle-aged citizens of Galion, who obtained their rudimentary education here, have attended school in this building. It was in this building that the first Sabbath school was organized, by Sarah Ruhl and Mrs. Dr. Johnson. It was while this building was in use that the township had been divided into districts. The town of Galion was made a separate district or subdistrict, and was called No. 9. In 1845, the enumeration of school children for this district was 124.

As we have stated, the last log schoolhouse had yet slab seats; but, as soon as Polk Township was organized, the officers of School District No. 9 began to make improvements. Among the first innovations was a change in the pattern of the seats. We give below a contract between the directors and George Rensch, for this improvement:

"Article of agreement made and entered into this 20th day of October, 1846. The Directors of District No. 9 of the first part, and George Rensch, of the second part, of Galion, Polk Township, Crawford County, and State of Ohio. Whereas, the said George Rensch does agree to make fifteen seats and fifteen desks, four feet long; desks eighteen inches wide, seats ten inches broad; one double desk and two seats eight feet long, with a division board in the south, a seat to be made at the end of every desk, and a platform fovir feet square, raised six inches from the floor, with a desk on it four feet long, eighteen inches wide, to be placed down the back to the seat that is to be put in fi'ont, with a seat to be placed behind the desk; likewise one batten door and hung, glass put in the windows, and patch the plastering, and furnish all the material. The work to be finished on or before the fifteenth of November, next, and done in a workmanlike manner. All of the work to be nailed together. And the aforesaid directors doth agree to pay the said George Rensch the sum of $20, when the work is done as described above. Signed and sealed in presence of witnesses. Witness, J. V. Bloomer, G. C. Wrenn. Directors, Isaac Wiley, Peter Cross, George Rensch." This third and last log school building was erected in 1834.

The old system of select school teaching continued for some time after the Aki-on school law was enacted. Select schools were taught side by side with the public system, 1 until the comparison became otlious. It was not strange that all could not see the grand possibilities of the new system; neither was i the law, or its execution perfected, as it now I is. Schools were opened and taught as an ! educational factory, exactly as one would open a door or shop, depending upon the patronage of the people. Education was doled out at so much per month, by teachers who were their own censors. If a scholar was sick, or from any cause likely to be detained from school, a brother or sister could attend, and fill up the lost time. Thus the deficiency was made good, and all were satisfied. There were always a number of teachers who would solicit pupils for each term; these teachers supplied a want in the earlier days that was very necessary to the settlers. In many cases, where the people could not aiFord a schoolhouse, these teachers would rent a room, and thus enable the school to go on. They generally went from house to house and solicited pupils. They would set forth the peculiar advantages of their system, and dilate upon their marvelous facilities for discipline. They charged a certain sum for each pupil, and agreed to teach a definite length of time. These teachers were their own censors. No board of examiners made them tremble and fear and grow sick with the di'ead of a failure. Their authority was complete. No laws of State or town interfered with them. Many of these old style -teachers were faithful in their work, and taught good schools. Among some of them were David Gill, Phares Jackson, John Morrison, Joel Todd, James Dunlap. Later on, before the liuilding of the first brick schoolhouse in Gallon, a select school was taught in the old frame Methodist

Church, on West Main street, by Miss Rebecca Hosford, now Mrs. Maxtield. Soon after this school. Miss White, now the wife of Mr. H. C. Carhart, taught a select school in the old hotel building, near the northwest corner of the square, now occupied as a barber shop. In the earlier times, the teacher often boarde(J around from house to house, visiting the home of each pupil. In many respects, this was a good custom, as it brought the parents and teacher in closer relation, and developed a gi'eater interest in the progress of their childi'en.

Finally, came the Akron school law, in 1847. This was the basis upon which om- present perfected school system was founded. When this law came into force. Gallon had grown and increased in population to that extent that new schools and a broader system was needed. To meet the requirements of this law, the schoolhouse now occupied by St. Joseph's Catholic society, was built. It was a large building for the times, and fiu-nished abundant room. The fii-st brick schoolhouse in the tovsTiship, it was a matter of pride with the inhabitants. This was the first graded school also, which was a feature unknown in the annals of school history of this vicinity. This building was erected in the year 1854, on the corner of Liberty and Church streets. Mr. Lowe was appointed a committee of one to purchase the propei-ty. It belonged to Jacob Riihl, who had owned the whole quarter-section. The whole block was purchased, in which there were thi-ee lots. It was some time after the new school system was inaugurated, before the receipts from taxation were sufficient to keep a school for more than three months. In this case, school would be kept as long as the money held out, and then the citizens continued by subscription to keep the school going for the usual length of time. There were four gi-ades in this first organiza- tion. No. 1 , primary , was so crowded with pupils that extra benches were placed around the room for the scholars. It was taught by Mrs. Hackadorn and Mrs. C. S. Crinun. No. 2 was taught by Hugh Williams; No. 3, by John Clymer, who afterward edited the Bucyrus Forum; No. 4 was taught by David Kerr, who was the first Superintendent of Schools. The seats were arranged in single rows. They consisted of wooden chairs, set upon a wooden pedestal adjusted to the center of the seat and screwed to the floor; the back of the chair or slat was also screwed to the desk behind it. The desks were of wood and iron. The casting was done in Gallon, and the desks were made here. The blackboards were plastered into the walls. The building soon became crowded, and, to gain more room, the basement was finished oif into two apartments, and a German school taught in one of them. This was a new element in the population of Galion, that, from its numbers, demanded recognition. Abraham Underwood sold to a German the first land ever owned in Gallon by one of that nationality; but foreigners were arriving rapidly, and they were so numerous at this time that they demanded and obtained a German department in connection with the public system. This schoolhouse was sold just about the time of the erection of the union school building. It was afterward fitted with machinery, and a stock company ran a woolen-mill in it. This failed, and eventually the building was pm-chased by the Catholic society, and is now used for a church and parochial school by the St. Joseph's Society. Mr. J. C. Hartzler was Superintendent of schools while the Union School building was erected. On the 21st of March, 18G8; the last piece of ground required for school grounds was purchased. From this time on, the school board met frequently, and were chiefly occupied with the building. Many changes were made from the first plans, and improvements were suggested and carried out until the building was completed. The architect of the building was J. W. Thomas, who was also Superintendent of the erection of the building. The contract was taken by Bird & Woodward, at $31,000. Numerous committees were appointed to visit different parts of the country for the piu"pose of ascertaining the best materials, and the most successful fiu-naces and ventilators, and pains were taken to copy from the best in all the parts of the building. It was said to be built in 1869, but the work was a long time being completed. Bonds were issued as a means of obtaining money for the biiilding. In January of 1872, at the m-gent demand of the tax-payers, J. G. Meuser and S. G. Cummings were appointed a committee to report the cost of the schoolhouse, grounds, and all matters wherein expenses were inciured in the improving of the grounds. Their report shows that the whole cost up to that date was $87,571. The grounds cost over $9,000; the item of fence alone was $2,371.60. This building occupies ground between Boston street on the west to South Union on the east, and from Walnut street o'n the north to a distance about one-half across the block on the south. Fine walks are laid in the grounds; fine maples almost surround the block, and line the sidewalks; the grounds have been filled up and graded till they are perfect. It is the intention in the near future to ornament and adorn the grounds by landscape gardening. The present Superintendent, M. Manly, has occupied this position for six years, and has been elected for a term of three years more. In the year 1879, the brick schoolhouse in the eastern part of the city was built. This is a very neat and tastily designed piece of architecture. It answers to something in the natiu-e of a ward school, although, from the peculiar outlines of the different wards, no schoolhouse can be erected with strict reference to them. This last schoolhouse is located north of East Main street, on the comer of Church and East streets. This building is in great favor with many of the citizens, who object to the large size of the union school building. In the east schoolhouse, there are three teachers emplo3fed. In the high school building, there are foiu'teen teachers, J. L. Lasley, teacher of high school, and A. W. Lewis, teacher of grammar school. The first graduating class from the high school was in 1871, and consisted of only two

- Willis Stentz, of the First National Bank, and S. S. Pague, who afterward graduated at West Point, and is now Lieut. Pague, U. S. A. There have been in all sis schoolhouscs erected in Galion, thi-ee of which were log buildings, and three of brick. There are l)ut two buildings used for school purposes at tliis time, and both of them are an honor to the city, both as regards their architectural beauty, and the perfect manner in which they are conducted.