Hamilton Township (part 2 of 3)

Joseph Lukens, a son of the above, came to Massie Township from Virginia, with his parents in 1807. He remained with his father until 24 years of age, when he married Hannah Brown, by whom he had five children. He was bom Dec. 8, 1797, and is still living on the land his father purchased.

Samuel Rich and his wife Judith (Moon) Rich, came from North Carolina to Ohio in 1816, and settled where Thomas Rich now fives. She died July 4, 1818, leaving ten children.

Rhoden Ham, with his family, emigrated to Ohio, and located in Wayne Township, where he remained one year, and then moved to Clinton County. In 1815 he purchased the land where Harveysburg now stands, and resided there until 1828, when he sold out and removed to Indiana, where he died.

Daniel Stump emigrated from Virginia in 1817, and settled where Jonas Stump now fives. He was married in Virginia and brought his wife with him. Isaac Miller emigrated from Virginia in 1818. He was a man of large stature

Jesse and Hannah Stump emigrated from Virginia to Massie Township in 1817, and remained until 1858, when they moved to Indiana, where both died. They had six children, five of whom survive.

The Society of Friends' Grove Meeting House, situated on an eight-acre lot about one and one-half miles south of Harveysburg, was the first church. built. The deed of the ground, dated January 26, 1820, shows that David Macy, William Gray and Levi Lukens, as trustees of Grove Meeting, bought the lot of Bichard Moon. The first house built was of hewn logs, used for many years as both church and school house. Among the first teachers of the school taught here were Arcliilles Dicks, JohnBrevett, John Gilpin, Hannah Brown (nee Lukens), Charles Mills, Noah Wheeler, David Wickersliam, Enoch Harlan, Robert T. D. Lewis, Benjamin Dyer, Elizabeth Welch, Mary Wales and others. In 1820 there was a division in the society and both branches moved to Harveysburg.

The United Brethren Church was organized in 1828 by Daniel Bonebreak and Alfred Carder, and in 1889 the present brick church was built in place of the log one that formerly occupied the ground. Abigail Ham and her husband and Ephraim Mills were among the first to join the church after its organization.

About the year 1820, near where the road from Waynesville to Wilmington crosses the Clinton County line, a log church was built in the interest of the Seceders, with the assistance of other denominations and those not belonging to any society. As it was free to all, it was known as the Public Meeting House. It also was used as a sclioolhouse. In the ground surrounding it many bodies were buried, most of them having since been moved to other grounds; but many remain there, andthe ground is now held by the township for burial purposes.

Beech Grove Freewill Baptist Church is located on the Harveysburg and Freeport Turnpike, in Massie Township. The society was orgamzed by Elder John Hisey in the year 1849, and now numbers about fifty members. About the year 1851 a church was built on a lot donated by Wesley Warwick. Previous to this time the members worshipped in the schoolhouse and in private dwellings. In 1868, the society having largely increased, a more substantial and commodious building was erected on the same site, the old church having been removed. The original membership has now almost disappeared, many having left the neighborhood, and others died. Previous to the organization of Massie Township this church was known as the "Second Church in Wayne," but it was afterwards changed to its present name. Elder John Hisey was pastor until 1879, when Edward Pemlott, a young minister, was chosen, and after retaining the charge eighteen months, left for Michigan in August 1881, since which time the church has been without a pastor.

The first schoolhouse in what is now Massie Township, was built in 1817, on the land of Isaac Wales, about one and one-half miles north of Harveysburg. It was a rough log house covered with clapboards, held down by weight poles, with a puncheon floor, stick chimney, and no door. An opening in the logs, covered with greased paper, admitted a little light, and served as a window. The first teacher of the school was Judith Butterworth (nee Welch), who is now living in Laporte, Ind., in the eighty-second year of her age. The school was next taught by Robert Way, of Pennsylvania, and afterwards by Jeremiah Reynolds, Isaac Thombury and others. It was a prosperous school from the first, and soon became so popular that scholars came many miles to attend it. The school was so large, and the house was so small, that in pleasant weather the scholars were obliged to study in

Other private and public subscription schools were soon opened throughout the township, and continued to be taught until our present school system was fully in operation.

The industries of Massie Township are only such as are usually found in districts where the water power and shipping facilities are inadequate for manufacturing enterprises. The first blacksmith shop was started in 1815 by Isaac Wales, on the west bank of Caesars Creek, opposite the site upon which Harveysburg has since been built. A few years later one was started about a mile northeast of Mr. Wales, by James B. Edwards, with whom several persons learned the trade, and carried on the business in Harvey sburg after the town was laid out Some of these are still living in and near the town. Among them were William Ham, Larkin Edwards, Darvin Harris and William Smith.

In 1820 Samuel G. Welch, a son of Samuel Welch, Sr., started a tin shop on his father's farm, west of Harveysburg, where he continued the business for many years and then moved to Harveysburg, where he and his son W. W. Welch, are now engaged in the same business. With few intermissions Mr. Welch has followed the occupation of tinner for sixty-one years, probably the longest period of service of any business man in the township.

The first sawmill was built by Levi Lukens, on Caesars Creek, in 1815, near where he, in 1828, built a gristmill, which has since been twice destroyed by tire, and rebuilt by Abram Herr. It was run successfully until within the last few years.

The first gristmill was built some time before the above by Hugh Tate and brothers. It was built on Jonah's Run, and consisted of one run of stone, the bolting being done by hand. The gristmill that now stands on Cfesar's Creek, near Harveysburg, was built in 1889 by Amos and Samuel G. Welch and Thomas M. Wales. It has been run constantly since its erection, and is now the only one in operation in the township. It is forty feet square and three stories high, and works three runs of stone. Since its original owners, it has been successively owned by Isaiah Fallis, John and Thomas Fallis, George Wikle, William Harlan, William Starry, George Ross, Alfred Edwards, and the present proprietor, T. E. Lawrence.

The first bridge on Caesar's Creek was built in 1846 at the present crossing of the Waynesville and Wilmington turnpike. It was built by the county aided by private subscriptions. It was covered, weather-boarded and painted by the county in 1848. On the 7th of January, 1850, it was washed away, and in the same year was replaced by a substantial 120-foot span, arch bridge, which was burned by incendiaries on the 9th of February, 1876. The county then built in its stead the present handsome and substantisd iron structure.

The Waynesville and Wilmington Turnpike road was built in 1851-2, under a charter granted by the Legislature in 1889. The incorporators of the company were Webster G. Welch, Turner Welch, John Lukens, Joseph B. Chapman, Wm. - Harvey, John M. Hadden, David Evans and Benjamin Satterthwait, of Warren County, and Thomas Hibbin, John B. Pasey, John C. Work, Nathan Linton, Robert Finley, James Dakin, Jonathan Collett, Joseph Doan, Archibald Haynes and Abraham Brook, of Clinton County. The entire length of the road is fifteen miles. It was originally a toll road under the management of the company, but within the present year (1881) it was bought by the county and made a free pike. There are now no toll roads in the township.

This is the township seat and principal village of the township. It is situated on the east bank of Caesar's Creek, at an elevation of over 100 feet above the level of the stream. The land on which it now stands was entered by Colonel Abraham Buford, August 6, 1787. It was afterward owned by Rhoden Ham, who located on it in March, 1815. William Harvey, after whom the town was named, became the proprietor in 1827. He platted and laid out the town in 1828, and recorded the plat on the 8d of January, 1829. According to this plat, the town lay along the State road and contained forty-seven lots, numbered consecutively from number one to forty-seven. There were twenty-five lots six poles wide by twelve poles long, seventeen lots six poles by six poles, two lots five and four-tenths by six poles, one lot three by ten poles, two large, irregular-shaped lots, and a church lot. The State road formed the principal street, and the road to Middletown the principal cross-street. There were also South Street, one cross street not named, and three cross alleys.

The town is in a healthy location, and is surrounded by fertile and productive farm lands. It is noted for the philanthropy, enterprise and morality of its inhabitants. For many years pork packing was carried on extensively within its limits, as was also the traffic in wool and grain.

In the early history of the town, Dr. Jesse Harvey erected a carding mill on the bank of the creek, where he carried on the business of carding for many years. He disposed of his business to Joseph Cobner, who moved the mill into the town.

Jesse Paskill was the first wagon -maker of the town. He was succeeded in his business by Aaron Benham, Benjamin Carmon, J. G. Stevenson, and J. H. Lippencott, who still follows the business. David Macy was an early settler; he was a harness and collar maker. His son, William Macy, is a shoemaker.

William Ham, a son of the original proprietor of the land on which the town was built, was the first blacksmith. He, with Larkin Edwards, carried on the business for many years. Darvin Harris was also an early blacksmith.

Soon after the town was laid out, Joseph H. Burgess started a tanneiy, which - he conducted for many years in connection with boot and shoemaking. William Harvey opened the first store. He was succeeded by John and Jesse Hare, Simon D. Harvey, David Harvey, A. L. Antram, Robert Lafetra, Reuben Thompson, Allison Hill, William & Isaac Coffee, and Joseph Wertimer.

The cooper business was carried on first ' by Jones Sons, who were followed by Mahlon Cadwallader and his sons William, John and Achilles, the latter, at times, employing ten and twelve journeymen.

The first schools of the town were taught by Richard Clegg, George Baily, Dr. Jesse Harvey, Simon D. Harvey, Charles Mills, and others. The present schoolhouse was built for a seminary by a stock company. Among its first teachers were Dr. David Burson, Wilson Hobbs, Israel Taylor, Oliver Nixon, and Wm. P. Nixon. The building was afterwards purchased by the Board of Education, since which time the district school has been taught in it. There are now 150 scholars, presided over by a principal and two assistants. About 1881, Elizabeth Harvey opened a free school for the colored people. This is said to have been the first school for this race in Ohio. From the opening of this school to the present, the colored people of Harveysburg have had no lack of educational advantages. They now have a district school set apart for them, with two teachers.

Harveysburg now contains six churches - two Friends (one of each branch), one Methodist, one United Brethren, and two colored (Methodist and Baptist) ; two Masonic Lodges, (one white, which received its charter in 1889, and one colored) ; three drygoods stores, three groceries, one bakery, two drug stores, and three physicians. The town has recently had telephone connections established with Corwin, Waynesville and Lebanon.

For thirty-five years there has not been a saloon or public tippling-house in the village, and the sentiment of the people is such that there is not likely to be one opened there soon.

In 1870 the village purchased a fire engine, and built a large and commodious engine house, thirty by fifty feet, with firemen's hall in the second story.

In the early history of the town, John Scroggy built a saw mill on the creek at the foot of the hill ; its place was supplied by a steam saw mill, built by George Carver on the lot now owned by Mary Edwards, but afterward was removed to the east end of town by Thomas Wilson, who attached a planing mill to it, and operated it successfully until his death, which was caused by an accident in the milL

The post office was established in Harveysburg in 1889, with Robert Lafetra as first postmaster. He has been succeeded by Budd Scroggy, Mrs. Fannie Taylor, George Scroggy, Gus. Lloyd, Hiram Madden, and Miss Eliza Nediy, the present incumbent.

William Harvey, one of the founders of the village, was for many years its most prominent business man, being largely engaged in the pork business. He afterward moved to Parke County, Indiana, where he remained for a few years, when he returned to Harveysburg, and there died in December, 1866. His widow, Mary Harvey, fives with her daughter in Harveysburg.

Simon D. Harvey, a brother and partner of the above, sold his interest in the village and removed to a farm in Clinton County, but after a few years' residence there, returned to the vicinity of Harveysburg. He was of a religious temperament, and frequently accompanied ministers in their visits to the different sections of the country. In 1841 he traveled with David and Druzella Knowles through Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and the Cherokee Indian Reservation, after which he accompanied them to their home in Canada. In 1856 he and his wife became missionaries to the Shawnee Indians in Kansas, where they remained two years. They some time afterward spent two years more in the same service. William and Simon D. Harvey were sons of Isaac Harvey, who spent the latter part of his fife in Harveysburg. A full account of him is given in Hemy Harvey's " History of the Shawnee Indians."

Db. Jesse Habvey

Dr. Jesse Harvey was bom on the 26th of November, 1801, in Orange County, North Carolina. His parents were Caleb and Sarah Harvey. When he was six years old his parents settled at Todd's Fork, then an entirely new country. Good schools, at that time, were few, and he had little time for attending such as there were. Being the eldest child, much of his time was taken in helping his father, who could ill afford to spare his services. He did not attend any school after the age of thirteen years, but books were his constant companions in his leisure hours. His thirst for knowledge and natural inclinations led him to the study of medicine. Although his first efforts in this direction were met by the opposition of a religious prejudice, the fear that the study of science tended to infidelity being then prevalent. Yet he saw an opening for great good in this profession, and between working hours studied from such books as he could buy or borrow. At the age of 22 years he became a student of Dr. Uriah Farquer, of Wilmington, O. A distance of six miles made it very inconvenient for him to have such intercourse with his preceptor as was desirable, so he was in the habit of going once a week to be questioned on what he had read. He entered the Medical College of Ohio, and attended the session of 1826-7, and, obtaining a license to practice, settled in Harveysburg in 1880, and soon became busy in his profession. Besides the study of medicine he had done a great deal of general reading. He was well posted on law, and was often consulted by his friends and neighbors on legal points. He also kept abreast of 'scientific knowledge. His studious habits led him to be interested in the cause of education. In order to give his own children and young folks in general advantages for study, he in 1887-8 established the Harveysburg High School He erected a commodious house, and was at considerable expense to furnish com- patent teachers and suitable apparatus, going to the East to secure the best astronom - ical and chemical instruments. He delivered lectures twice a week, to the public, on history, languages and the natural sciences. He sustained the school for eight or nine years, notwithstanding high prices, the panic, and the fanatical sentiments of many of his patrons. He always nad a desire to teach the Indians, and spent considerable time with the Shawnee Nation at Wapakonetta. About a year after the school^closed, in 1847, he was appointed by the Society of Friends as Superb 1- tendent of the Friends* school and farm among the Shawnee Indians in the Kansas Territory. Arriving there with his family in July of the same year, he 'worked faithfully for about seven months, when his already weak constitution gave away, and, after an illness of three months, he died on the afternoon of the 12th of Ma; , 1848. A hard student, a practical Christian, and a man who believed that, while humble himself, there were many who needed his assistance.

In a history of Harveysburg High School, written by Dr. Harvey himself, he says: "The Principal had for some years believed that a permanent school establishment should be instituted in every town and village throughout the land, and had much wished to have one somewhere near so that he might have an op portunity of associating with good teachers and thus, perhaps, improve himself, and particularly his children.44 He gave much attention to different methods of establishing and conducting schools, and concluded to make it a personal effort. "After a pretty severe struggle** he had erected and furnished, in 1887-8, a com modious building. The school opened with about eighty scholars, Wilmington, Lebanon, Waynesville, Dayton, Cincinnati and vicinities sending their share. The Doctor delivered public lectures twice a week on astronomy, geology and other natural sciences. He employed two competent teachers, 44 not doubting but that he would be sustained by every friend of education.'* The great expenses of this be ginning, especially as Dr. Harvey wanted the most improved school furniture and apparatus, and the panic and hard times soon following, involved him in debt. In two years he found himself so out of pocket that he was unable to proceed. He then determined to reorganize the school, and a company of sixteen members, in eluding himself, procured an act of incorporation. In this character the school proceeded several years, reducing expenses as much as possible. Still losses were sustained, and finally, after eight or nine years existence, arrangements were made with the teachers to receive as recompense such amounts as were paid in by the pupils. Together with the causes before mentioned, political feelings among the patrons caused the enterprise to fail, the patrons being divided regarding abolition, and, making the school their battle-ground of course weakened it. To illustrate the strength of such partisan feeling, and its rapid growth, the following incident may well serve :

In 1840, during the Harrison Presidential campaign, Aaron Vestal and some other parties, were returning from a political rally at Waynesville in a wagon, the bed of which was canoe-shaped, and in accord with the campaign song, 44 A Nice Log Cabin and a Bar'l of Hard Cider,** had a miniature representative of each of these articles, one on each end. This wagon stopped at the crossing of the main streets of Harveysburg. After listening to a speech from Isaiah Morris, then candidate for Congress, the crowd called, 44 Harvey I'* 44 Harvey I'* Not being a political speaker, Dr. Harvey asked Mr. Morris to say a few words favoring the abolition of slavery and the elevation of the colored race. Soon as the crowd gath ered the drift of the speaker's words, they cried 44 Down!" and would not listen to anything regarding the freedom of the negro. Four years afterward the same people were so far changed in their views that, because Dr. Harvey in his school provided (and maintained at his own expense, even after the company was formed) a separate department for the colored children, they termed him a 44 pro-slavery man, and demanded that such a distinction should not be made, and that the two classes of pupils should be taught in the same room. The feeling was so strong that the Doctor finally aooeded and then found that some of the loudest complainants withdrew their children to prevent such intimate association.

In relating the above there is no desire to revive prejudices. It simply shows how, impelled by political passion, we are apt to drive one good thing until it overruns another.

However, aside from financial failure, the school succeeded, and Dr. Harvey had his desire realized to a great extent. He found help in his studies, indulged his inclinations to help others, and many remain to-day to testify to the good done during the short time the school existed. In the neighborhoods from which came students, and scattered throughout the States, are good, substantial citizens who remember with pleasure and gratitude the lessons and associations of the school

This township was formed from the township of Hamilton, on the 24th of Juns, 1818, and its boundaries fixed as follows: " That part lying east of a line drawn south from the mouth of Todd's Fork to the south boundary line of Warren County, shall be erected into a new and separate township - beginning at Robert Whitacre's comer on the Little Miami River, at the mouth of Todd's Fork, thence south to the south boundary line of Warren County, thence east with the county line to the southeast comer of the county, thence north with the comity line to Wayne Township, thence with Wayne Township line until it strikes the Little Miami River, thence down the river to the beginning." From the records of the commissioners we learn that on June 8, 1818, "a petition was laid before the commissioners signed by a number of citizens of the townships of Hamilton and Salem, praying that a part of the township of Hamilton may be attached to die township of Salem, and that a new township be laid off and erected, of a part of Salem, adjoining the township of Wayne, and the commissioners having been satisfied with the reasonableness of said petition, do order and agree as follows: that the following described territory of Hamilton Township, beginning on the Little Miami River at the northeast comer of McGuire's survey, being the upper comer on the river of said survey, thence due south to the county line, be attached to and made a part of the township of Salem; then, beginning at the said northeast comer of said McGuire's survey on the river, thence up the river with the meanders thereof and binding thereon to Mahlon Roach's upper comer on the river, thence east to the county line, thence south with the county line to the southeast comer of the county, thence west with the county line to die first mentioned line between Hamilton and Salem Townships, thence north with said line to the Little Miami River to the said comer of McGuire's survey as aforesaid, shall compose the township of Salem." Harlan Township was formed from Salem by an act of the Legislature, passed March 16, 1860, and the same act gave to Salem the name of Oorwin Township, which it retained until June 6, 1860, when the commissioners on petition changed it again to Salem. In 1860, a part of Union Township was added to Salem, giving it its present shape. After all these changes, each of which was the source of much local controversy and no little bitterness, we have a township in the shape of a very imperfect right-angled triangle, containing ora twenty square miles. That part of die township taken from Union, and lying north of the river, is called North Salem, and is divided into sections; that put lying south of the river is called South Salem, and is composed entirely of surveys of veiy irregular size and shape. This is explained by the fact that the part of the township lying south of the Little Miami Biver was included in the Virginia Military lands; a full account of which is given in the general history of the county.

The first land warrant located in Warren County was survey No. 899, opposite Waynesville, and described as being fourteen miles west of Old Town. It was located August 1, 1787. The second was directly east of this. The third, and the first in the neighborhood of Todd's Fork, was No. 520, now in Hamilton Township. It was located by William McGuire, August 21, 1787, and called for 1,000 acres of land. Other warrants were located as follows:

No. 1494, August 21, 1787, Capt. John Peyton Harrison enters 4,000 acres of land, part of a military warrant, No. 171, on the Miami Biver, beginning at the mouth of Todd's Creek, which empties into the Miami about ten miles below the mouth of Cffisar's Creek; at the mouth of said creek, on the upper side, is a honey locust marked M, another W E and a sugar tree No. 8 ; running up the river 640 poles when reduced to a straight line, thence at right angles from the general course of the river easterly for quantity. This was surveyed by Nathaniel Massie, District Surveyor, and bears the date October 10, 1792.

No. 1,500, August 21, 1787, Alexander McIntyre, assignee, enters 200 acres of land, part of a military warrant, No. 2,959, beginning 60 poles on the river, at the upper comer of William McGuire's entry No. 520, run up the Miami to the lower comer of John P. Harrison's entry No. 1,494, thence west with Harrison's line for quantity. Surveyed by William Lytle, District Surveyor, October 16, 1796. The village of Morrow was bunt in this survey.

No. 1,552, February 19, 1798, Cornelius Skinner, assignee, enters 2,666} acres of land on a military warrant No. 8,788, on Todd's Fork, a branch of the Little Miami, beginning at the south comer of Stephen T. Mason's survey No. 1,211, thence S. 87 degrees E. 1,082 poles to the east comer of Benjamin Teliaferro's entry No. 2,225, thence N. 58 degrees E. and at right angles for quantity. Surveyed by William Lytle, District Surveyor, April 25, 1814. The extreme eastern comer of the township is in this survey.

No. 2,225, February 19, 1798, Benjamin Taliaferro enters 8,671 acres of land, part of a military warrant No. 559, on Todd's Fork, a branch of the Little Miami, beginning at the comer of said Taliaferro's entry of 995 acres, a burr and white oak, thence N. 58 degrees E. 460 poles, thence 8. 87 degrees E., at right angles for quantity. Surveyed by Nathaniel Massie, District Surveyor, October 8, 1792.

No. 2,527, January 27, 1794, Elisha King enters 1,186} acres of land, a part of a military warrant No. 1,911, on the Little Miami, beginning at the upper corner of William McGuire's entry No. 520, thence up the river and binding thereon to file lower comer of Alexander McIntyre's entry No. 1,500, thence with his lower line from the river to his south-east comer, thence with his back line to where it intersects the line of No. 1,494, and with the line of said survey, and from the beginning with McGuire's line out from the river so far that a line from each end of the given line will include the quantity. Surveyed by William Lytle, District Surveyor, October 16, 1796.

No. 2,529, March 28, 1797, William Nall, assignee, enters 666} acres of land, part of a military warrant No. 728, west of the Miami Biver, beginning at a large forked white oak in the Hne of John A. Binn's survey No. 1,496, and southwest comer to Elisha King's survey No. 2,527, thence with Binn's S. 4 degrees W. 850 poles, thence S. 87 degrees E. 400 poles, thence N. 8 degrees E. 856 poles, thence b. 87 degrees W. 800 poles to the place of beginning. Surveyed by William Lytle, District Surveyor, March 29, 1797.

No. 8,798, February 8, 1800, John Taylor enters 1,000 acres of land, part of a military warrant No. 4,911, on the waters of O'Bannon's Greek, beginning at the north comer of John Payne's entry No. 8,791, running with his line 8. 45 degrees E. 200 poles to his comer, thence with another of said Payne's lines 8. 45 degrees W. to the line of Taylor, Lytle & Underwood's survey No. 8,790, thence with their line S. 45 degrees E. 286 poles, thence at right angles N. 45 degrees E. 400 poles, thence N. 45 degrees W. 486 poles, thence S. 45 degrees W. to the place of begriming. Surveyed by William Lytle, District Surveyor, February 20, 1800. This includes the land in the southwestern comer of the township.

No. 8,794, February 8, 1800, John Taylor enters 1,215 acres of land, part of a military warrant No. 4,911, on the waters of the Little Miami, beginning at the north comer of his former entry No. 8,798, running S. 45 degrees E. 486 poles, thence at right angles N. 45 degrees E. for quantity. Surveyed by William Lytle, District Surveyor, February 20, 1800. Only the upper end qf this survey is in Salem Township.

No. 8,795, February 8, 1800, John Taylor enters 1,215 acres of land, part of a military warrant No. 4,911, on the waters of the Little Miami River, beginning at the north comer of said Taylor's former entry No. 8,794, running S. 45 degrees E. 486 poles with line of said entry, thence off at right angles N. 45 degrees E. for quantify. Surveyed by William Lytle, District Surveyor, February 20, 1800. The north end only of this is in Salem Township.

No. 4,489, June 14, 1808, William Lytle, assignee, enters 700 acres of land, part of a military warrant No. 1,841, on the waters of the Little Miami River, beginning at a large red oak and elm southeast comer to John A. Binn's survey No. 1,496, east comer to James Mcllhaney and others' survey 1,497, thence S. 4 degrees W. with the line of their survey, passing their southeast comer and with the line of Thomas Martin's survey No. 2,805, to the line of John Taylor's survey No. 8,793, thence N. 45 degrees E. with Taylor's line, so far that a line running east from the beginning, will include the quantity. Surveyed by William Lytle, District Surveyor, March 10, 1804.

No. 9,586, November 8, 1817, John Nancarrow, assignee, enters 800 acres of land, part of two military warrants Nos. 8,695 and 8,480, on the waters of Todd's Fork, beginning at the northeast comer of John Taylor's survey No. 8,795, in the line of John Crittenden's survey No. 980, thence with said line to the south comer of J. P. Harrison's survey No. 1,494, thence with Harrison's line to the southeast comer of Elisha King's survey No. 2,527, and from the beginning N. 45 degrees W. with Taylor's line to said King's line for quantity. Surveyed by William Lytle, District Surveyor, November 5, 1817.

Most of the land warrants were located as early as 1790, the Indians being then comparatively peaceable, but owing to a dispute about the terms of some of their treaties, they became hostile, and remained in a state ofiwar up to their defeat by General Wayne in August, 1794; and the treaty of Greenville, July 80, 1795, brought an end to Indian troubles in Ohio. Many Virginians having land warrants had come down the Ohio River to possess their land, but Indian hostilities caused them to settle temporarily at Columbia, or White's Station, or in Kentucky near Cincinnati. Many persons had been waiting one or two years, living in camps and block-houses, for some assurance of permanent peace to be given them. In less than thirty days after the ratification of Wayne's treaty, there was a flood of emigration to the Miami lands, unknown in the previous history of the country.

Probably the first settlement in the county, south of the Little Miami Biver, was in the autumn of 1795, on lands now owned by William P. Mounts, three miles below the mouth of Todd's Fork. This settlement was made by William Mounts' family, and five other families. It was known as Mounts' Station. An account of this settlement was furnished by the writer for the history of Hamilton Township.

The families making the settlement had been stopping temporarily in Kentucky and at White's Station, on Mill Creek, for about two years. As soon as the news of their safe arrival on their lands reached their friends in Virginia, where many had been anxiously awaiting the result and report of the advance, there was at once the most tremendous tide of emigration from all the east, but especially from Virginia and Pennsylvania. A few families had come with the settlers at Mounts' Station and stopped temporarily at what is now called South Lebanon. Many of the first settlers nad been soldiers under Gen. Wayne in the Indian wars. Col. Paxton commanded a regiment of Pennsylvania troops, and immediately after peace was established removed to Clermont County. He had already located several tracts of land in Warren County, which had been surveyed in 1792-98. Todd's Fork took its name from Paxton's son-in-law, Robert Todd, who was one of the surveying party, and located lands on the stream as early as 1787. Another of this surveying party was Martin Varner, who afterwards settled at Hick's Station. He was the father of Jacob Varner, and the grandfather of Mrs. James Hicks. These men are thus specially noticed, not only because they were among the very earliest settlers in Warren County, but because they were here several years in advance of the first settlements, while the country was in possession of hostile Indians. Emigrants having no lands, and no money with which to purchase lands, could get a lease of from twenty to forty acres for from fifteen to twenty years, on condition that they would erect a cabin and clear the land and vacate it at the expiration of the lease. A list of the settlers in this township in 1805 would be of interest, but the following few only can be mentioned : Wm. Leggett occupied the farm now known as the " Stubbs farm ; " Joseph and David Shawhen occupied the farm east of this ; Thomas Miranda's father owned the present site of Morrow ; the Irelands owned the Clement farm; the Wallaces owned the farm directly south of this; William T. Whitacre's grandfather owned 4,000 acres, beginning at the mouth of Todd's Fork, running almost to Butleryille, thence to Blackhawk, thence to the river, opposite Lambert's. He gave 1,100 acres off of the east side of the survey to have it located and surveyed. He had traded a small farm near Winchester, Va., for this warrant. The 1,100 acres from the east side was purchased by a Mr. Roach, of Harper's Ferry, Va., and was settled by his sons, Jonah, George, Phineas and Mahlon. The latter built the house now owned by Mrs. Ward about 1880, and also laid out the village of Roachester. Whitacre's lands were divided among his children, Moses, John, Andrew, Aquilla and several daughters. William T. lives on the site of his grandfather's first house. In 1805, when they located on the land, they lived for a time in a hollow sycamore tree on the bank of the fork, near the site of the present bridge. About the year 1808 Whitacre built the first frame house in Salem Township. It was the first shingled house between Chillicothe and Cincinnati, and was designated as "the frame house" or the "shingled-roofed" house. It was built by James Hart, the father of Tilford Hart.

Jonathan Tribbey settled on the old Tribbey farm at a very early day. The Irelands came from Virginia in 1805 and settled on the Brown farm, opposite Morrow, and afterwards on the farm now owned by W. H. Clement, west of the brewery. The original Miranda farm embraced 200 acres, including the village of Morrow, a part of East Morrow, the Miranda burying ground (now a part of the cemetery), and the land where the brewery now stands, which was known as "the old Wilson farm." Amos Tullis owned the farm now owned by William H. Clement, just above the Catholic cemetery. At his house the first Presidential election in Hamilton Township was held m the fall of 1804. The people, being entirely ignorant of the manner of proceeding at an election, ranged themselves in lines, one line representing each candidate. At this election the longest line being in favor of Thomas Jefferson, Amos Tullis was directed to go to Lebanon, as their chosen elector, and cast the vote of Hamilton Township for Thomas Jefferson,

Thomas Watson settled on the old Shawhan farm in the year 1797-08, having emigrated with the Mounts family and lived at Mounts* Station from 1795 until he moved to this farm.

The part of Salem north of the river was but little occupied until after 1800, when Cyrenus Jennings came from Virginia to purchase land. He selected land on the hills opposite what are now the Donally, Roach and Lownes farms, paying forty cents more per acre than he could have purchased the land south of the river for.

Samuel McCray and his wife, Rebecca Douglass, came to Warren County from Jefferson County, Va, in 1799. After spending the winter of 1799 and 1600 at Bedle's Station, they removed to what was called Smalley's Settlement, on Todd's Fork, and in the spring of 1801 they settled on the west side of the Little Miami, opposite the mouth of Todd's Fork. Mr. McCray afterwards resided in Lebanon, and still later owned the mill now known as the Zimri Stubbs Mill. He was an early sheriff of Warren County.

Some of the foregoing is obtained from traditions, and is liable to slight mistakes, but all possible care has been used to make it correct. Much has been learned from hying witnesses and from the narrations of James Smith, a sketch of whose life is here giyen :

James Smith was bom near Chambersburg, Pa., Feb. 28, 1790. His life was prolonged much beyond the limits usually allotted to man, and embraced a period of the history of our country from that of a wilderness, inhabited by barbarous Indians, to the present.

His grandfather, Col. Thomas Paxton, commanded a regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers in the Indian war in Ohio and Kentucky, and in the year 1789 visited Kentucky, and in the year 1790 emigrated to that State, accompanied by his sons-in-law, John Ramsay, Silas Hutchison, and James Smith, (the latter being the father of the subject of the present sketch, who was then a child). A family history says : 44 They made the trip down the Alleghany River to Pittsburg, by flat-boat, where, for greater security, they were detained until a fleet of sixteen flat-boats had been organised. These boats were lashed together and worked with oars, under cover, with port-holes through which to fire on the Indians, who were known to live on the banks of the river, but no attack was made until they arrived at the islands called * The Three Sisters,' when they had a severe battle, resulting in the killing of several savages and the wounding of some of the whites. Without further molestation the fleet reached Limestone, now Maysville, in safety, where they were met by friends and escorted to their new home on Elk-Horn Creek, Fayette Co., Ky.t near Hie village of Lexington."

Col. Paxton having visited Ohio in 1795-96, assisting in surveying the Virginia Military Reservation, and having purchased several tracts of land, in 1798 moved to Ohio, locating on the Little Miami River, on O'Bannon Creek, near the present site of Loveland; and his son-in-law, James Smith, located at Deerfield at the same time, and removed to his lands near Morrow in the year 1799, where his son, James Smith, resided until his decease.

The subject of this sketch served as an apprentice in the printing office of the Western Star under Judge John and Nathaniel McLean in 1807-8, and enlisted in the War of 1812 as an Indian scout and ranger. The original agreement of enlistment recites that he is to receive^ one dollar per day, to furnish himself with a good horse, saddle and bridle, and to arm himself with a good rifle, tomahawk and scalping knife; for this service he afterward, for many years, received a government pension. After the war he made two trips, en foot, over the mountains to his old home in Pennsylvania ; afterwards worked on his farm during the summer and run flat-boats to New Orleans in the winter, returning home on foot - this being before the age of steamboats. In 1820 he married Jane, daughter of Thomas Ireland, who died Nov. 1, 1857. In 1860 he married Mrs. Dickey who died in September, 1864, since which time he made his home with bis children and grand-children.

He was not, to appearances, physically, a robust man, but was of a long-lived raoe - his father and mother both reaching near the age of ninety. He was regular and temperate in his habits, unassuming, quiet and retiring in disposition, oalm and deliberate in all his undertakings, ana positive in his religious convictions. He retained his physical and intellectual faculties to a remarkable extent in his extreme age. His long life of industry, prudence and economy, resulted in the accumulation of a considerable estate, which he, many years previous to his decease, divided among his children, retaining, however, a competence for his own wants. Until a few days preceding his death he was able to ride on horseback, visiting his children and superintending affairs on his farm.

After a brief illness, he sank quietly and peacefully to rest on the 80th day of August, 1881, aged ninety-one years, five months and seven days.

Justices Of The Peaoe

The following are the names of the persons commissioned to the office of Justice of the Peace in Salem Township, with the dates of their commissions:

The Friends Meeting House, a one-story brick building at Qoachester, was .erected about the year 1818. The ground upon which it was built, one acre, was deeded October 17, 1816, by James and Mahlon Roach to Isaac Thomas, Jr., Benjamin Nincle, Jonah Cadwallader and Andrew Whitacre, Trustees of the Friends of "Hopewell Meeting." It was given for both church and burial purposes. The following -named persons were the heads of families then belonging to this society of Friends : Benjamin Butterworth, Robert Whitacre, Thomas

Cadwallader, Ruth Tribby, Elijah Thomas and Jesse Williams. Years prior to the building of the meeting house, Robert Whitacre was instrumental in the organization of this meeting, which was called Hopewell, after a meeting of Friends in Virginia. They worshipped for some time in a small log house which stood about three-quarters of a mile southeast of the present building. About the close of the late civil war, the society became weak and the meeting was "laid down.'' In 1872 it was revived, but again suspended in the Spring of 1882. Since the division in the Society of Friends, it was a Hicksite congregation.

The Methodist Episcopal Church, in the same village, a one-story brick, was erected prior to the year I860, upon ground deeded to that congregation by Mahlon Roach. It was one of the early religious societies of Salem Township. It is now a part of the South Lebanon Circuit, and has a membership of forty. The minister in charge is Rev. G. M. Hammell.

Shiloh Methodist Episcopal Church, situated in the eastern part of Section 14, was organized as a mission in the year 1844 or *45, and the first meeting held at the residence of Joseph Keever, in the vicinity of the present church building. Among the original members were Elijah Trovillo and wife Mary, Joseph Keever and wife Mary A., and Jackson St. John and wife. For a number of years file congregation worshipped in an old wagonmaker's shop, which stood not far from the present church, and was fitted up for that purpose, and in a log schoolhouse, then standing about a half mile distant toward Morrow. In five or six years after the organization of the society, the one-story frame building, still standing, was erected on ground donated to the church by Jackson St. John. It was originally "Merritstown Mission." It has since been in a number of different circuits, and on several occasions has been attached to some of the neighboring stations, now being a part of the South Lebanon Charge.

The first church built in the town of Morrow was a small structure, built previous to 1847, by private subscription. It was known as a union church, and was occupied alternate Sundays by the different denominations then existing in the village. After the completion of the railroad to Morrow, a large number of men were employed in work along the line of the road. Many of these were Catholics, and St. Malachy's Catholic Church was organized by Rev. Blake, in 1849 or *60, with a large membership. They held their services for some time in file union church and school building. In 1854 they erected at a cost of about $2,000, a small one -story brick house, with a seating capacity of about 800, on a lot donated by William H. Clement. In 1866 a tower and belfry was added at a cost of $8,000. In this a bell weighing 1,400 pounds, donated by the section men on the railroad, was hung. In 1864 the congregation bought a building which stood near the church and was used for a private schoolhouse, and converted it into a large and commodious parsonage. The society now includes about twenty families, and is under the pastoral charge of Rev. O'Donohue, who has served the church in this capacity many years.

The Presbyterian Church of Morrow was first organized about 1848 by Rev. Hicks, with the following eight members : Dr. James Scott and wife, Mrs. Abbey Dynes, Miss Sarah Newall, Miss Lettie Newall, Miss Martha Newall, Mrs. Gordon, and another lady whose name cannot now be learned. Dr. Scott, the only male member, was elected Elder. The society did not prosper and soon ceased to exist as a church. In 1857 it was reorganized through the personal efforts of Mr. and Mrs. E. D. Mansfield, with seven members, among who were Mr. and Mrs. Mansfield, Mrs. Abbey Dynes and Mrs. Fairchild. In 1858 a church was built at a cost of between

$8,000 and $4,000. The pulpit has been filled mostly by stated supplies; the only installed pastors of whom any record can be obtained, being Bey. Q. 8. J. Brown, Bey. C. P. Taylor and Bey. E. T. Swiggett, the present incumbent. Mr. Swiggett has had charge of the pastorate since December 11, 1879. Mrs. Abbey Dynes, who still resides in the village, is the only surviving member of the original organization.

The Methodist Episcopal Church, of Morrow, was organized about 1848, with about ten members. They commenced building a church soon after their organization, and until it was completed held their services in the union church. A lot was donated to them by William H. Clement, which they afterwards sold and purchased the lot where the church now stands. The church now numbers 240 members. As the early records of the society are lost, only a few of the more recent incumbents of the pastorate can be named. Bev. N. C. Parrish, from August 29, 1870, three years; Bev. William Young, September 19, 1878, one year; Rev. B. F. Dimmick, September, 1874, three years; Bev. G. W. Dubois, September, 1877, three years; Bev. V. F. Brown, September 6, 1880, still in charge. A successful Sunday School, under the present Superintendency of G. W. Davis, is conducted in connection with the church. It averages in attendance about 175 scholars.

Boachester was the first village laid out in the township. The first plat contained forty lots, owned by Mahlon and James Boach, and was recorded October 12, 1816. It became a thriving country village of 800 inhabitants, containing two or three drygoods stores and groceries, a postoffice, three hotels, cabinet, blacksmith, and wagon-making shops, and physicians and lawyers. The following were some of the leading citizens about 1840: Lewis Fairchild, merchant; James Turk, gunsmith; Isaac Patterson, cabinet-maker undertaker; Drs. Thacker, Hunt, Starbuck, Leever and Boach, and Dr. James Scott, our present Bepresentative in the Legislature; J. Phillips and S. Parker, blacksmiths; John Harford, shoemaker, and Judge Mickle, Joseph Thacker, and Captain Gilham, hotel-keepers. Boachester was then notorious for its musters. Mu3ter days were not only devoted to instructions in the science of the drill, but to the settlement of all personal difficulties by fisticuffs; and on these occasions blood and whisky flowed freely. After the village of Morrow began to be settled, there was a general exodus of all business to the new village, and Boachester became almost deserted. The ravages of time and fire have destroyed about half of the buildings. The town now contains a population of about 100 inhabitants, two groceries and a blacksmith shop.

Fredericksburg is situated on the north bank of the Little Miami Biver, opposite the mouth of Todd's Fork. It was laid out in 1818 by Nathan Howell, and contained fourteen lots. A more unfortunate site could not have been selected, as it is subject to the overflow of the river and the wash of the hills surrounding it; yet it had at one time two drygoods stores, kept by T. J. Snyder and Alexander Crawford, and for many years was a town of considerable trade. A bridge was made across the river at this place, a few rods below the present one, in 1815. It was probably the first bridge m the county.

Millgrove was settled early in the present century. It contained a grist and sawmill, a drygoods store, and a paper mill - the latter giving employment to a number of hands. For many years this was a thriving village; but after the construction of the Miami Canal, about 1846, the manufacture of paper was discontinued, on account of the river mills not being able to compete with the mills along the canal. Since then the village has dwindled to a mere shadow of its past importance. An effort was made to revive its waning fortunes by the erection of saw and gristmills, but without success.

Morrow was laid out in August, 1844, by William H. Clement, George Keck, and Clark Williams, who were engaged in building the railroad that was completed to Morrow in that year. The plat contained forty-nine lots, and was recorded in January, 1845, when the town received its present name, in honor of Governor Morrow. The site on which the town was built was, in 1848, a farm owned by James Miranda, whose house stood opposite the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was tom down in 1881 to make room for the residence of Joseph Liudlum. The house was built in 1805, and was an elegant structure for its time. The Shawhan property, at the lower end of the village, belonged to Amos Shawhan, and was for many years a tavern. The founders of the village laid out five additional lots in 1846. They also platted additions in 1847-8-9. Septimus Hazen's addition of thirty-seven lots was made in 1852. Since then the following additions have been made: W. T. Whittacre's addition of 20 lots in East Morrow, 1861; J. W. Thompson, 28 lots, 1865; J. W. Thompson, 80 lots, 1869; B. A. Staley, 11 lots, 1866; S. Smith, 24 lots, 1870; J. B. Clement, 86 lots, 1874. These additions fairly indicate the steady growth of the village, which now has a population of 946. Its growth has been substantial, and many elegant residences deck the suburbs and crown the hills that surround the village. The names that appeared most prominently in the early business enterprises of the village were: Alfred Watts, David A. Saunders, W. H. Clement, S. Hazen, 0. P. Moore, J. C. Dynes, L. Fairchild, H. Hopkins, and J. S. Couden.

The first building erected in the town was the old warehouse just east of the present depot. It was used as a freight depot, warehouse and general store, under t the direction of Alfred Watts.

Prior to the construction of the Marietta and C. & M. V. R. R.'s, Morrow was a point from which large quantities of grain were shipped. The town was then the terminus of a stage line from Lancaster, via Circleville, Washington Court House, and Wilmington.

The second building erected in the town was the Morrow House, built in 1844. After this merchants and mechanics from the neighboring villages moved their business here; a new impetus was given to business; farm lands almost doubled in value. Money was plenty, and, for the first time in this section, became the ordinary medium of trade and exchange - a system of barter and exchange of commodities, with a large basis of credit, common to the early settlers, having prevailed previous to this time. Educational interest, previously sadly neglected, was encouraged, and almost a new civilization was brought about.

There is in the village a fine public hall, the first story being used for business rooms, the second for the public hall, and the third story for two fine hall a occupied by the Odd Fellows and Masonic bodies, each having a membership of over fifty, and the Masons a Chapter membership of about fifty.

The first public sohool taught in Morrow was in an old brick building which was also used for religious services. It was built on a lot donated by the founders of the town for church and school purposes. The school at this time consisted of but one room presided over by a Mr. Reed. In 1849 John Starkey became the teacher. The school at this time numbered about 100 pupils, and was considered unusually i prosperous. James B. Irwin took charge of the school in 1858. He was very I highly spoken of, and indeed did a pioneer work in the schools of the village. He inaugurated a series of meetings similar to a teachers' institute, which was attended l by teachers from the various parts of the county. During his term of service the school was divided into two rooms, the primary department being assigned to Miss M. B. Hart, now Mrs. Dr. Gouden. Dr. W. A. Johnson became the principal in 1856. In 1860 the present school building was erected; three years later W. P. Harford took charge of the schools. He was succeeded by A. Dwinell in 1866.

' John 0. Ridge, July, 1867 ; John C. Kinney, October, 1867 ; H. Breckenridge, 1870; A. W. Cunningham, 1871; E. J. Godfrey, 1874; T. J. Wyscarver, 1876; E. B. Cartmell, 1877 ; Addison Ludlum, the present incumbent, 1880. In 1881 a complete course of high school study was adopted, and at the close of that year the following five scholars, Millie Holzlin, Tutonia Opes, Ada Cadwallader, George Smith, and Hattie Reece, constituted the first class to graduate from the High ! School. During this year the school purchased a library and a complete set of philosophical and chemical apparatus. The school now consists of six departments, with an enrollment of over 800 pupils, of whom forty are in the High School.

On the range of hills south of the village are the homes of William H. Clement, E. F. Fuller, E. W. Woodward, Samuel Woodward, Marshall Mounts, Mrs.

J. R. Kibby and A. W. Cadwallader. Some of these men are identified with the management or construction of several railroads, and were pioneers in these enterprises. On the hills east are the homes of W. T. Whitacre and J. L. Wilson# Col. Thomas Worthington has long lived the life of a recluse on the west side of the Little Miami, in this township. He is a son of Gov. Thomas Worthington, graduated at West Point in 1827, and served in the Mexican War. In 1861 he published a work on military tactics. Early in the civil war he raised a company, and was afterwards commissioned Colonel of the 46th Ohio. At the battle of Shiloh he commanded this regiment. Col. Worthington has published a history of the battle of Shiloh, and many pamphlets in which he claims that his regiment was, without notice, transferred from the center to the extreme right of the Union line, far detached from the main army; that its right being suddenly threatened, the 46th, by a prompt change of front, attacked and repelled a superior flanking * force, till ordered back about 2 P. M., April 6, thus holding the extreme right of the line long enough to make advancing aid available; that this regiment, being a part of Gen. Sherman's division, that officer obtained credit for this service, to which has been imputed the rescue of the Union army from imminent destruction, and to this service is due Gen. Sherman's past promotion and present position. A few months after the battle of Shiloh, Col. Worthington was tried by a court martial on several charges, one of which was the publication of extracts from his diary, containing false and libelous matter, designed to injure his superior officers, Col. McDowell, Gen. Grant and Gen. Sherman. The result of the trial was his dismissal from the service; but the sentence of the court was afterwards declared null and void by the Judge Advocate General, and he received an honorable discharge from the service. In many pamphlets published by Col. Worthington, he has charged Gen. Grant and Gen. Sherman with falsehood, negligence and mismanagement. Being in reduced circumstances, Congress, recently, notwithstanding his repeated attacks on men who stood high in the confidence of the nation, passed a special act granting him a pension. \

This distinguished editor, author and statistician long resided on the north side of the river near Morrow. His beautiful and picturesque home was called Yamoyden, a name derived from the title of a romantic poem by Robert C. Sands and

James W. Eastbum, published in 1820, and now little read. It was at thin place thai Mr. Mansfield wrote nis contributions to the Cincinnati Gazette over the initiak " E. D. M.," and to the New York Times over the signature, " Veteran Observer.*

Edward Deering Mansfield was bom at New Haven, Ct., in 1801. His hither, Jared Mansfield, was a teacher and scientific man. In 1802-03, and again from 1814-28 he taught at West Point, and for nine years intermediately, beginning with 1808, was Surveyor- General of the United States in Ohio. He was appointed by Jefferson to supersede Gen. Rufus Putnam, of Marietta, on the ground that the latter did not understand the establishing of meridian lines. The removal of Gen. Putnam, who was a Federalist, was at first regarded by the people of Marietta, who largely shared the same views, as a partisan act, but they soon grew to like the Mansfields. Edward accompanied his parents on their long and toilsome journey over the mountains, and among his earliest recollections was probably the great Ohio River flood of 1805. He also remembered the Blennerhassets. In October, 1805, the family removed to Cincinnati, of which he writes in his memories : " One of the dirtiest little villages you ever saw. The chief houses at that time were on Front Street, from Broadway to Sycamore ; they were two-story frame houses painted white. " The Mansfields did not remain in the city, but occupied the house built by Col. Ludlow at Ludlow Station, and until lately, at least, still standing in the midst of Cumminsville. " It was then a large two-story dwelling with wings - the best looking, and, I think, the largest house then at Cincinnati. M In 1809 Edward accompanied his father to the East, and at New York saw a Steamboat for the first time. On their rethm the family removed to the Bates place, two miles nearer Cincinnati than their formdS: residence. In 1811 Edward received two quarters' schooling in a log house, all that he had until 1818. At the close of one of these quarters, he came off victor in a spelling match, after which the master escorted the whole school to a neighboring tavern and treated the children to cherry bounce. In 1812 the Mansfields returned East, where the father served in a military capacity for two years, and then took up his residence at West Point. Edward was sent to the Episcopal Academy at Cheshire, Ct., and in 1815 was appointed a cadet at West Point. In 1819, when not quite eighteen, he graduated fourth in his class, and was commissioned in thd engineer corps. He de dined the appointment through his mother's influence, and entered Princeton College, from which he graduated in 1822. He studied law at the famous school kept by Judges Reeve and Gould, at Litchfield, Ct., and in 1825 came to Cincinnati to practice his profession. He soon rose to prominence, and he enjoyed the friendship of the best people in the city. His relationship to the Drakes was of much help to him. lie continued in active practice until 1886, and during that and the following year filled the chair of Professor of Constitutional Law and History in the Cincinnati College. In August, 1838, he contributed to Judge Hall's Western Monthly Magazine an article favoring the building of a railroad to Knoxville, Tenn., and thence to Mobile. His intelligence and enterprise bore fruit over forty years later in the Cincinnati Southern Railroad, the virtual, though not detailed, realization of his idea. He had few superiors as a newspaper contributor, but we should do him a great injustice were we to limit his reputation to this field. He was trained in military and legal science, was thoroughly versed in politics, possessed much historical and antiquarian knowledge, ana was for sixteen years (1886-52) editor of the Cincinnati Chronicle and Adas , and later of the Railroad Record. Among his best known works are: " Cincinnati in 1826," in which he was associated with the late Dr. Drake; "Political Grammar," 1885; "Treatise on Constitutional Law," 1885; "Legal Rights of Women," 1845; "Life of General Scott," 1846; "American Education," 1850; "Memoirs of Daniel Drake," 1855, and " Personal Memories, 1808-48," 1879. He also delivered many addresses, one on " The Utility of Mathematics," and several on educational topics.

of great endurance, for his constitution was very elastic. He was of a sanguine and mercurial temperament, but was always firm in his adhesion to duty. Politically he was first a Whig, and afterward a Republican. He worked for principles, not for pay, and never asked for or received a national office. He served the State of Ohio for several years as Commissioner of Statistics, and in this capacity rendered excellent service. Religiously he was a Presbyterian, and was a ruling elder in his church. In the days of their separation he acted with the New School body as against the Old, but his sympathies embraced all that was commendable in every denomination. He died at his home near Morrow, October 27, 1880.

i Harlan Township lies in the southeast comer of Warren County, and as a f political division, dates from March 16, 1860, being the most recently organized i township in the county.

Upon the first organization of Warren County the territory forming this town- ship was included in the township of Hamilton, which it soon became necessary, i because of its large territory and increased population, to divide into two townships.

, This was done June 24, 1818, and the township of Salem created, which mi eluded within its boundaries all of the territory now constituting Harlan.

\ The integrity of Salem Township was preserved for nearly half a century, when again a diversity of local interests demanded that a new township be carved , out of the territory comprising it. By an act of the Legislature, passed March 10, i 1858, Salem Township was divided into two voting precincts, the boundaries of , each being practically as they now exist between the two townships. Questions frequently arose which provoked much feeling between the two precincts, and made | it desirable to the people of each to have the township divided.

, in the County of Warren, be. and the same ds, hereby divided into two townships; the eastern to be called Harlan and the western to be called Corwin.

Section 2. The division line shall commence at a point In the we«t bank of Todd's Fork where it intersects the line dividing the townships of Salem and Washington in said county, thence downiTodd's Fork with the meanderings thereof, to the mouth of Second Creek; thence in a straight line to the mouth of Wolfs Run; thence up said run to the forks thereof; thence up the west fork of said run to the line dividing the lands of Robert C. Shurts and Allison Mounts; thence on a direct line to a point where the county road leading from Rossburg to Camargo crosses the line dividing the townships of Hamilton and Salem in said county.

The new township created by this act was named Harlan, in honor of Hon. Aaron Harlan, who at the time the act was passed, resided in Xenia, and represented Greene County in the Ohio Legislature, and who had represented this Congressional District in the National Congress, from 1858 to 1859, having been succeeded in the latter year by Hon. Thomas Corwin. (The act, it will be observed, gave the name of Corwin to the western township. This was changed to Salem, June 15, 1860.^

The division line, as defined by the above act, constitutes the northwest boundary line of Harlan Township, making the township triangular and irregular in shape. It is bounded on the north by Washington Township* on the east by Clinton County, on the south by Clermont County, and on the west by Hamilton Township. The area of the township, as shown by the land records, is about 28,000 acres, or 45 square miles.

That portion of the township bordering on the northwest boundary, is considerably broken and diversified by Todd's Fork of the Little Miami River, and file several streams tributary thereto. In the south and central part, much of the surface is level and flat, and until artificial drainage was resortea to, was in places wet and swampy. These lands, however, were drained with little expense and difficulty, and are now all cultivated, and constitute the most valuable and fertile farming lands in the township.

The soil is generally good and easy of cultivation. In recent years farmers have given more attention to the improvement of the soil, and in 1875 an effort was made jo introduce the dairy business by establishing a creamery and cheese factory. Several meetings were had and an organisation partly 'effected, 'but for some reason the enterprise failed.

The principal streams of this township are Lick Run, Second Creek and First Creek, all of which flow in a northwesterly course through the township and empty into Todd's Fork. These streams for many years furnished power for several small mills, but since the general drainage of the lands in their vicinity, are dry most of the year.

The land in Harlan Township forms a part of the territory comprised in the Virginia Military District, and is mcluded in twenty-six surveys and a few fractional surveys, each of which is known and designated by number, and usually by the name of the person who originally entered it. These surveys are irregular in shape, and vary in size from 2,666§ to 140 acres. The earliest entries were made in 1787, five having been made in that year. The latest was made by John Shawhan, Esq., April 28, 1881, which was also the smallest, containing 140 acres only. Cornelius Skinner entered 2,666 acres, survey No. 1562, in February, 1798. These two names, Shawhan and Skinner, are the only names of the original purchasers own familiar in the township, and it is probable that few, if any other of the original owners, ever in fact Occupied any of the^lands.

The want ofjsystem in the plan of Virginia in disposing of these lands has caused great irregularity and confusion in lines and boundaries, and in many cases boundaries dependent on the original survey lines can not be definitely ascertained. The want of uniformity in boundaries is a great source of annoyance, also, in locating roads, and in many instances the value of lands is greatly impaired aid their beauty marred Jby that which otherwise would improve and adorn them.

Amount Bsmajns, Etc

Ancient remains or fortifications are found ip the central portion of the township. About two miles northeast of Butlerville, on the lands of Jackson Clinton ana Peter S. Templin, are found the remains of two earthen mounds, one on the south and one on the north side of Second Creek. They are situated in the highest points in the vicinity, and have a commanding view of the surrounding countiy; and from their peculiar location and construction, it^ would appear that they had been lookouts, or sentinel posts.

A few years ago the writer assisted in exploring one of these mounds, and at a depth about level with the earth surrounding the mound, a broken flint arrowhead and quantities of charcoal were discovered. No other remains were found.

On the farm of William Reed, Esq., a short distance east of these mounds, and on the bank of the same stream, is found what is, or was, supposed to be an ancient burying ground. Nothing remains which would now indicate that the field had ever been used as a burial place, as the land has been cultivated for many years. But there is a traditionary account that in the early history of the township, there yet remained undoubted indications which satisfied the pioneers that the field had been the site of an ancient burial place, used by the Indians, or those who preceded them.

The writer is not aware that any effort has ever been made to determine the accuracy of the tradition connected with this supposed cemetery. Such a thing would not be attended with great difficulty, ana possibly might lead to valuable discoveries. As it is, the above is given as narrated to the writer by individuals residing in the vicinity.

Generally throughout the township, flint arrow-heads, stone axes and other implements and relics of stone are found in considerable numbers.

Early Road8

When the first settlers of whom we have any account came to this township, they found the land covered with forests, and in most parts with a dense undergrowth of " bush," as it was called by them; and to reacn the interior of the township, "ways had to be cut through this < bush.' "

In 1807, when John Liggett and party settled in this township, they were compelled to " hack a way through this bush " from near Mounts Station on the Little Miami Biver to near where Bossburg now is. It is probable that these ways continued to be used as highways until permanent roads were established.

The earliest road established by authority of law, in the township, of which there is any record, was laid out in 1809, about four years after permanent settlements are known to have been made. In that year a road was laid out bv the County Commissioners from Waldsmith's Mill, near Milford, to Smalley's Mill, on Todd's Fork, near where Clarksville now is, William Bunyan, James Hill, John Leaman and others being petitioners for the same. A survey and plat of this road are preserved, but as the monuments were "mile trees," which no longer exist, the exact Hne of the road as laid out is not certainly known. The writer has recently had occasion to examine carefully the records of the early roads in this vicinity, and it is his opinion that this road, which was known as Smalley's Mill Boad, was laid out practically on the line afterwards followed by the old State Boad of 1822.

In the same year, 1809, a road was laid out from McCray's Mill (now Stubb's Mill, three miles west of Morrow,) " by way of First Creek to the Salt Works in Clermont County." This road followed First Creek from a point near Bossburg to the Clermont County line, and passing through what was then the most populous part of the township, was instrumental, no doubt, in drawing considerable custom to the mill of McCray & Co., by whom the road was ; probably projected and obtained.

This condition of things, which4contributed so liberally to the interests of Mc- Cray A Co., was destined, however, to be of short duration, for, in the following year, 1810, we discover the enterprising spirit of Isaac Stubbs, who owned a mill at Millgrove, petitioning for and obtaining a road from his "mill by way of Salem," (Boachester,) "Todd's Fork, Second Creek, to Goodpastures on First Creek, and there to intersect the road from McCray's Mill to the Salt Works," etc., thus tapping the feeder to McCray's Mill, and, undoubtedly, drawing largely on his trade, as Salem was the chief trading point south of the river. This road still remains.

The old State Boad (now abandoned) from Columbus to Cincinnati, was surveyed and established through this township October 10, 1822. A small portion of this road from near Black Hawk, by way of the residence of Israel Lundy, Esq., and the old site of Edwardsville, yet remains. The general line of the road was a little east of the present turnpike, and the old grade is in many daces easily traced. This road was abandoned and vacated when the Goshen, Wilmington and Columbus Turnpike was built.

The first macadamised road constructed in the township was the Goshen, Wilmington and Columbus Turnpike. This company was incorporated by an act of the Legislature, passed March 22, 1887, and the road was completed in 1840 through Harlan Township. It was a toll road, and constituted one of the most important thoroughfares in Southern Ohio, until supplanted by the railroads. In 1879, a legal proceeding, the right of the company in the road was declared forfeited, and in 1880 proceedings were had making it a free pike under what is known as die one mile assessment system.

The Rossburg and Morrow Turnpike Company was 'incorporated about 1860, and built and completed their road about the same time. It has also become a free road, and there is now no toll road in the township.

In the last few years several new pikes have been constructed under the assessment laws of the State, and several are now in process of construction, making this township compare very favorably in this respect with other townships in the county.

The Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad, as now known, runs in a southwesterly course through the township. It was constructed about 1851 and 1852, and now constitutes a part of the Baltimore and Ohio system of roads, and affords the people of the township direct shipping and traveling facilities Blast and West Pleasant Plain and Level are the stations on this road in this township.

The Muskingum Valley Railroad, leading from Cincinnati to Zanesville, touches the township on the north, and was built about 1855. Hicks is the only station on this road in Harlan Township.

Towns And Villagr8

Rossburg acquired its name from one Enoch A. Ross, who started a tannery there about 1820, the first in this township. It is situated near the boundary between Salem and Harlan Townships. It was never laid out as a town.

The first church erected in Harlan Township was built here by the Methodist Episcopal Society about 1822. It stood on the north side of the turnpike and immediately opposite the late residence of Abram Butler, deceased.

The first store, also, it is believed, was started here by Daniel Holmes and brother, as early as 1824 or 1825 ; but this is not certain, as Lewis Sever kept a tavern and store about the same time near the old site of Edwardsville. Prior to these stores, the nearest trading points were Salem (now Roachester) and Lebanon.

The first postoffice in Harlan Township was established here it 1888, Jefferson Stevens being the first postmaster. In 1888 this office was changed to Butlerville.

With all these conveniences and advantages it can well be imagined that Rossburg became a village of no small importance in the early history of this township. Other towns, however, possessing superior advantages, superceded it, and its half dozen or more buildings remain to recall the early activity of the place.

The first town regularly laid out in what is now Harlan Township, was Edwardsville, on the line of the old State road of 1822. It was laid out by Edward Thomas in March, 1824. The town, as indicated by the plat recorded, consisted of forty-two lots - twenty-one on each side of the road, which was dedicated Main Street. These lots are represented in the plat by continuous lines, and in the rear of these lots, on each side, is a row of lots inclosed by dotted lines, corresponding to those laid out on Main Street, which lots, the surveyor adds, "are back lots and for the present merely surmised," evidently anticipating a rapid growth for the newly projected village. His hope was never realized, and the record alone exists to mark the place as the site of a proposed town.

Butlerville was laid out by Abram B. Butler, April 20, [1888, the Goshen, Wilmington and Columbus Turnpike, on which it was located, being in process of construction at the time. On September 8, 1889, and May 17, 1841, respectively, he made additions to the town, and in November 19, 1844, an addition was made by J. W. Dougliman, which he named in the plat thereof, Texas, and which comprised all that part of the village south of the old patent line.

The village was established under auspicious circumstances, and several industries early sprung up, which for many years made it a prosperous and active country town. It was incorporated in 1851, and is the only incorporated village in the township. The first election of corporation officers was held March 11, 1851, when the following officers were elected, to wit: Mayor - Sullivan F.

Stevens; Council - A. G. Walden, James Coddington, Hiram St. John, James Starry and Geo. W. Starkey. Butlerville was established as the voting place for Salem Township about 1841, since which time it has been the regular place of holding township elections.

The frame church on Back Street was the first church built in the town, and was erected by the Methodist Episcopal organization about 1889. The brick church on Main Street was built by the same society in 1857.

Among the early merchants appear the names of Sullivan F. Stevens, Isaac Lemmon, Henry Morgan, William Vaughn, Elias L. Runyan, Hiram L. Runyan and Hiram St. John.

Hiram St. John, about 1848, engaged in the manufacture of carriages and wagons, etc., in Butlerville. His first shop was a frame building which soon gave way to the more commodious and substantial brick building now occupied by H. W. Price, Esq. The business proved a success, and for several years from fifteen to twenty-five mechanics were constantly employed. His carriages and buggies acquired a considerable reputation, and were extensively sold in this and surrounding counties. He quit the business about 1860.

Henry Runyan established a plow and wagon factory and repair shop here in September, 1847. The enterprise was successful and furnished several mechanics with employment. He manufactured a very large proportion of the farming implements purchased and used in that vicinity. He retired from the business in September, 1860.

Thornton Thompson, carpenter and builder, engaged in business here about the same time, and gave employment to several mechanics. He retired from the business about 1860.

In addition to those mentioned above, there were several other industries, including a tannery, which was established by J. St. John, who conveyed it to William Spence. He sold it to John Mors back, who carried on the business until about 1878, when it was abandoned.

These little industries so healthy to a community have been here, as elsewhere, almost swallowed up by the economy of labor-saving machinery, concentrating them in large manufacturing communities ; and the thrift and activity which characterized the early years of the village are greatly diminished.

At present Butlerville has a hotel ; a carriage and wagon shop, H. W. Price, Esq., proprietor; a blacksmithshop, by M. Keller, Esq.; and one general store, by Daniel S. Bird, Esq.

Osceola was laid out by Lewis Fairchild and Benjamin Baldwin, on the lands of the latter principally, on June 11, 1888, on the G. & W. Turnpike. Fortyone lots in all were laid out, situated on both sides of the pike, which constituted Main Street. Water and Powell Streets and Indian Alley were also named

Black Hawk

Black, Hawk was laid out in 1838, August 7, by George B. Whitacre and Elisha Barber, on the line ofjthe'G. & W. Turnpike. The lots, twenty-six in number, were vacated by order of court, 1879.

Middleborough is on the Goshen and Wilmington Pike, about five miles northeast of Butlerville. It was laid out by George Bowman in August, 1838. For many years Truman Holmes, now deceased, kept a general store at this place. There are now two stores here, 'of which A. C. Bowman and Henry Krekler are the respective proprietors.

Pleasant Plain

Pleasant Plain was laid out by Samuel Craig, November 13, 1852, and was originally named by him New Columbia. The name was changed to Pleasant Plain by an act of the^Legislature about 1860. An addition was made by him October £ 1854. January 23, 1872, Thomas Hill laid out an addition of eleven lots on the east side of the village, and on December 5, 1873, Ira Dudley, Esq., added seven lots on the south.

This village is on the Marietta & Cincinnati B. R., and is the principal station on that road in the township. Pleasant Plain has two churches, a hotel, by J. M. Pox; af general store, by Peter C. Spurring, Esq., and a drug store and grain warehouse. This is the chief shipping point in the township. The only steam flouring mill in Harlan Township, erected by W. H. Greeley, Esq., about 1861, and now operated by Mr. Stewart, is located here.

Level

Level is a station on the M. & C. B. R., and is about three miles east of Butlerville. It was not laid out as a town. It has a general store, grain warehouse, express and postoffice, etc.

Religious Denominations

Methodist Episcopal Church. The first organization of a Methodist Church in Harlan Township dates very early, and is probably coeval with the first settlements. It is probable that the earliest settlers were members of that church, and that meetings for worship were held at private houses. As early as 1810 an organization had been perfected, and meetings were regularly held at the house of John Liggett, a rudely-built log cabin, on the farm now known as the Hitesman farm; and perhaps this was the first place of holding regular service. This continued for several years to be the regular place of worship until about 1814, when it was changed to the residence of Henry Runyan, who rived on what is now the farm of Alexander Hutchison, Esq., near Pleasant Plain. About 1818 the place of worship was changed to the house of Joseph Bennett, on the farm now owned by John Kamp, Esq., near Rossburg. It continued here until about the year 1822 or 1825, when the first church in the township was erected at Rossburg.

On the 4th of October, 1825, James Taylor conveyed one and one-fourth acres for church and school purposes to John Collins, Jacob Collins, William Little, Oliver Wallis, Joseph Bennett, and Amos Tulris, as trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and William Bennett, William Crossen, and Isaac Runyan, School Directors. The church was built on the land conveyed by this deed, and probably about the date of the conveyance. The church may have been erected prior to this, as some of the old settlers yet living fix the time as early as 1822. The building was constructed of hewn logs, with a pulpit very high, made of puncheons, and seats of the same without any backs. In this rudely-constructed building, where there was less luxury, but perhaps as much piety as in our average modern church, the society held its meetings, until the organization was removed to Butlerville and built a church there in 1841. This was the frame church now occupied by the German Lutheran Reform Church. This building was afterwards sold to the Free Will Baptists, and the Methodist Episcopal society in 1857 built the brick church on Main Street, which they now occupy. This church has now about eighty-seven members.

Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church. This was organized by Jacob Jackson, Joshua Thompson, and others, about 1846, and was a branch of the Butlerville church. The church is about one mile southeast of Level. The membership of this society now'numbers about ninety-three.

McKendrie was also a branch of the old Butlerville Methodist Episcopal organization, and was organized by Ala G. Starkey, Lemuel Jackson, Stephen Jackson, Adam Huffman, and others, about 1852. They have a substantial brick church about two miles southeast of Pleasant Plain, and have a membership at this time of sixty-two members.

Pleasant Plain Methodist Episcopal Church was organized by John G. Oonk, Thomas Hill, Benjamin Benn, and others, of the Butlerville Church, in 1875, and now has a membership of about forty- seven.

The first 'Freewill Baptist organization in the township was at Rossburg, about 1888, John Tufts, William Coddington, Jefferson Stevens and others being the organizers. About 1848 this society erected a brick church there which for some years past has been occupied as a dwelling house. About 1856 this organization purchased the frame church in Butlerville, of the Methodist Episcopal society, which became and continued to be the place of worship until about the year 1870, when it was] sold to the German Lutheran Reform Church, and the Baptist society was moved to Pleasant Plain, where they erected a neat and substantial brick chapel, which is the present place of holding worship.

The German Lutheran Reform Church, about 1870, organized and purchased the frame church in Butlerville, and handsomely repaired and refitted it, which they still occupy. This society is perhaps the largest society in the township, and is a wealthy and prosperous church. *

Other denominations have been organized, and held services in the township, among them the Presbyterian and Universalist churches, but they never succeeded in establishing a permanent society.

Butlerville Lodge No. 185, F. & A. M. On April 12, 1846, a meeting of Master Masons was held at the house of Dr. Albert G. Walden, in Butlerville, to consider the propriety of organizing a new Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons at Butlerville. John Hill was elected chairman, and Thomas Adams secretary of this meeting. A resolution in favor of forming said lodge was passed, and a petition for a dispensation prepared and signed. A dispensation was granted April 27, 1846, and the first regular communication was held June 4 following, at the house, probably, of Dr. Walden. The Lodge was chartered October 28, 1846, Albert G. Walden, Sullivan F. Stephens, Isaac Leming, Thomas Adams, John Hill, Stephen F. Stewart, George B. Rohrer, Samuel P. Hunt, and David Hunt being charter members. The first officers were, Stephen F. Stewart, W. M.; Samuel P. Hunt, S. W. ; Isaac Leming, J. W. During some time after its organization the lodge meetings were held in the second story of the dwelling house of Mathias Huffman, immediately opposite the site of the present Masonic Hall. In 1847 the

Pleasant Plain Lodge, I. 0. O. F., No. 656, as the name indicates, is located at Pleasant Plain. This lodge, havidfe for some time worked under a dispensation, was finally chartered and instituted, August 15, 1876. Among the charier members are the following: Peter C. Spurling, Jerry Hutchinson, John G. Ooni, Levi Felter, Isaiah Doughman, Michael Kellar, John R. Hitesman and others. The first officers were as follows, to wit: P. C. Spurling, N. G. ; Jerry Hutchinson, V. G. ; John G. Oonk, R. S.; Levi Felter, P. S.; Isaiah Doughman, Treasurer. At present the lodge numbers about thirty-one members, and is the only lodge of this order in the township.

Sons of Temperance. This society was organized and met in ButJerville in the Masonic Hall as early as 1848 and 1849. No records of the division remain, and little knowledge of the order can be ascertained ; but it appears that the order did not flourish for some years after it was instituted. About 1856, however, die society was re-organized, and its membership largely increased, and about 1861 built a hall over the brick store room now occupied by D. S. Bird, Esq. The society met with reverses, however, and finally, about 1865, disbanded, and the hall was sold, and has since been used as a dwelling.

Early Elections

The earliest settlers in what now constitutes Harlan Township, for several years, perhaps as late as 1812, voted at the house of James Miranda, near the mouth of Todd's Fork, near where the village of Morrow now stands. The first election held within the limits of this township was probably at the house of James Goodpast ure, on the hill near the present residence of Daniel Carroll. Tney were held here until about 1818, when, for several years following, they were held at the house of John Goodpasture, near Crosson's Cemetery. Afterwards they were held at an old log school house on the farm now owned by Peter S. Templin, Esq. In 1833 the place was changed to the house of George Florey, which stood near the residence of George N. Jones, Esq., at which place they were held until 1835, when the residence of David H. Smith, Esq., was fixed as the voting place. Elections were held here until about 1841, when Butlerville was selected as the place of holding elections, and the transaction of the business of the township.

The frequent changes made in the place of holding elections during the early history of the township are accounted for by the fact that there was then no town or village, and the population being small and scattered over a large district, it became necessary to hold the polls at some private residence to be selected by the judges of election ; and the judges changing from year to year, it is probable they consulted their own convenience as well as that of the public in fixing the voting place.

As to the manner of conducting the early elections, or rather of the conduct of the people attending them, it can not be said that there was the same order and propriety then as now, and while the purity of the election itself was not to be questioned, yet the day and place were, by certain classes, too often made the scene of disgusting conduct, such as drunkenness, fighting, gaming and horse racing, and bythe pugilistic residents of the community, it was set apart as the day for the settlement of old grudges.

The date of the first settlement in this township can not be definitely ascertained. There is a tradition that permanent settlements were made here as early as 1795 to 1800. But this is thought to be a mistake, as there is no evidence of any permanent settlements being made earlier than 1805 ; and the absence of roads

The best information places it beyond any doubt, that in the year 1806 permanent settlements were made in this township. Whether any had preceded them is not now known, but there is a traditionary account that when they came they found permanent settlers here, who had apple orchards bearing fruit, etc. But the absence of all evidence supporting this account, and the fact ttiat it would # make the date of these settlements antedate the treaty of peace by Gen. Wayne with the Indians of this part of Ohio, it is undoubtedly an error, and we are satisfied that the settlers of 1805 were among the first who permanently settled in this township.

In that year, 1805, William Runyan and family, John Layman and family, James Hill and family, Henry Runyan and family, Isaac Runyan and family, John Goodpasture and Solomon Goodpasture and families, David Randall and family, and perhaps others, settled in this township.

William Runyan came from Harrison County, Virginia, where he had emigrated from New Jersey. He settled on the farm just south of Butlerville, known as the Doughman farm, and now owned by Samuel Craig, Esq. Little knowledge of his life before he came to Ohio can be ascertained, the family records, together with every thing he had, having been destroyed by the Indians, who attacked and burned his dwelling while he resided in Virginia.

He was bom in New Jersey about the year 1757, and was married to a Miss Custer, (the marriage occurring, probably, after he came to Virginia). There were bom to this marriage several children, who came with him to Ohio, Henry and Isaac having been married before coming to this state.

William Runyan continued to reside on the land where he first settled, until his death, which occurred in 1888, his wife having died in 1826.

John Layman, (or Leaman, as it occurs in some records,) who came the same year, 1805, with his family, located on the land adjoining the land occupied by William Runyan, and now known as the John Brown farm, where he resided for many years. He also came from Virginia. His name appears on the record as one of the viewers of the Smalley's Mill Road, one of the first roads established in this township.

John and Solomon Goodpasture and their families, who came about the same time, perhaps in the same party, settled on the farm near Crosson's Cemetery, on First Creek. It is believed they were originally from Virginia, but came from Kentucky to this State.

James Hill settled on the farm now or recently owned by Jonathan Fox, Esq., about one-half mile north of Pleasant Plain. He was, perhaps, the first Justice of the Peace in the township. He also came from Virginia.