Jefferson Township (part 5 of 5)

the rendezvous in Chillicothe, at the time of the Morgan raid, was elected Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment; a farmer and tiller of the soil. Martha J. married M. W. Jones, son of Major Matthew Jones, who served his country in the war of 1812, and an early pioneer to Paint Township ; his occupation a farmer and stock dealer. Margaret C. married Peter Hess, son of Fuller Hess, a good farmer of Marion Township; Peter's occupation, a trader, mule dealer, and farmer. Scott Myers, now in the State of Iowa, is a cattle dealer and grazer by occupation. Adaline, youngest child, is yet at home; she was educated at the Bloomingburg Academy.

Pioneer Names

Peter, Michael, Adam, and Henry Coon all emigrated from Virginia in 1804; farmers, and all in the war of 1812. Jacob Dickison, his son, was in the war of 1812, Jonathan Dickison. John Page, first justice; Albert Ogdon, farmer; Stephen Barton, Samuel Harvey, school teacher; John Vandolah, farmer; John Herrod, justice; Samuel Herrod, both in the war

By T. Hill

Jerusha Pancoast, wife of John Messmore, emigrated to this township in the spring of 1810, with her father, Isaiah Pancoast, and settled on the west bank of Deer creek. They emigrated from Fayette County, Pennsylvania. My father erected a very large log house, which served as kitchen, dining-room, parlor, and bed-room. The Indians camped on the opposite side of the creek from us. The squaws came to our house frequently, and would bring venison to trade for meal. The Indian hunters would kill deer and float them down the creek, near to their camp, and the squaws would go down to the creek, drag the deer out, and dress them. The first season they lived under wagon covers, stretched on poles, until they cleared and planted seven acres in corn, living principally on wild meat and corn-meal. Wolves were very plenty at the time, and all who had sheep were obliged to pen them up every night. We were obliged to go to Chillicothe to do our trading. There was not a family living between Waterloo and Washington. When the Indians moved their camp they left a small pig behind, and it came to my father's house, and we put the pig in a pen, and when it grew to a good sized hog, one of the old Indians came back to our house and father showed him his pig, and told him to take it and do what he pleased with it. So the Indian killed and dressed it, cut it in two in the middle, left one-half banging, took the other half on his shoulder, and carried it te his camp. We had no school-houses except log, with puncheons for floor. Our first teacher was Colonel Samuel Myers, who gained a great reputation.

George Filson emigrated from Virginia to Ross County, Ohio, in 1810. His daughter, Ann, wife of T. Hill, is now a resident of Madison Township. She received her education mostly in Chillicothe, Ohio. She went to school with the Hon. A. G. Thurman, besides several other distinguished persons of Ross County. Theodore Hill, her husband, has served in several civil offices, acting as clerk of Marion Township for sixteen years, and six years as justice of the peace. George Filson was in the war of 1812. He dicd in Vermillion County, Indiana, aged 75.

Roswell Hill, father of T. Hill, emigrated from New Milford, Connectitut, to Ross County, Ohio, in the spring of 1832. A school teacher by profession. He died in Bond County, Illinois, in the fall of 1844, aged 56. Isaac Hill, grandfather of T. Hill, was in the revolutionary war. He had the measles while he was out in the service, and lost one of his eyes. He died in New Britain, Connecticut, aged 98.

William B. Minshall's father emigrated to Madison County, Ohio, from Frederick County, Virginia, in 1807. My father, Jonathan Minshall, served as a private in the war of 1512. My wife's father emigrated to Kentucky from the State of New York about the year 1820, and from Kentucky he moved to the State of Ohio about the year 1850. He was a descendant of General Hull. Jonathan Minshall was a local preacher of the Methodist Church, and served several terms as justice of the peace. He assisted in raising the first Methodist Church in London, paying $21 more than his share of the expenses in the erection thereof. There were twenty-one appointments on the circuit, and each appointment contributed oue dollar to cancel the debt. Our breadstuffs were principally obtained by going to Chillicothe on horseback, a distance of nearly fifty miles, carrying about two bushels to a horse, the most of the way being an Indian trail. Jonathan Minshail also assisted old Indian John, or Captain John, as he was called, to mark or blaze nearly all the roads in Madison County. He was the father of eighteen children; three boys and six girls by his first wife, and seven boys and two girls by the socond wife, his descendants amounting to one hundred and fifty-two. The names of his children are Jesse L., Kachel H., Hannah, Mary, Walter W., James Q., Lydia, Ellen, Permelia, Edward H., Isaac, Joseph H., William B., Jonathan W., Asbrina M., Enoch E., Nancy E., and one died in infancy.

William C. Crabb's father emigrated from Virginia, Green County, to Ross County, Ohio, in 1804. My father, Reuben Crabb, served in the war of 1812. My grandfather served in the revolutionary war. My wife's father emigrated to Ross County with my tather in 180-4. My present wife's father was a recruitivg officer in the war of 1812. Reuben Crabb died in Pickaway County at the age of 55. His father died in Highland County at an advanced age. The descendants of my father are ninety-four. The names of his children are as follows: Martin B., Jemima M., William C., Sarah, Margaret, Ausmond, James, Reuben, Henry, and Mary; three of them are dead, one-is living in Indiana, and the rest are in this county. My grandfather, Clevinger, settled near Hillsborough, in Highland County, ata very early day. He was a great hunter; and the last hunt he took he got so benumbed with the cold by crossing a small stream, that he had to lay out all night, and was found the next day by following his hunting dog; both of his feet were so frozen that they came off near the instep.

His father emigrated to Ross County in 1803. He was in the war of 1812. Both of his grandfathers were in the war of the revolution, and they both held a Colonel's commission at the time of their death.

William C. Knowles emigrated from Roes County in 1830. When he first came to Fayette he was but fourteen years old, and lived with his father until he was of age. At the age of 33 he married Miss A. H. Morgan. In 1860 he married Miss Martha M. Crabb, and has one child. Occupation. farmer. and a class leader in the Methodist Church. Wm. Knowles emigrated to Ohio from Delaware; was in the war of 1812, and belonged to Colonel Clark's regiment. He was the father of nine children; their naines are Nelly, Rebecca, Nancy, Elizabeth, Perry, William C., Denard P., Sarah, and Maria. William C. Knowles, Jr., is a son of Denard P. He is living in Madison Township; he married Elizabeth Crabb; they have two children. He served three years as private in the 73d Illinois Regiment, under Colonel Jaques. The descendants of William Knowles are 9 children, 35 grand children. 175 great-grand children, and 5 great-great-grand children. making a total of 234. He died in 1845, aged 68. His wife died in 1867, aged 89.

Madison Mills Business Directory

Grocery and postofiice, kept by George Emerson; saloon, Peter Dempsey ; blacksmith, Alexander Clark; flouring mili. J. & H. Adams; carpenters and millwrights, F. L. Smith: boot and shoe maker, Theodore Hill.: one township house. one church, one school house.

By John Durham

Marion Township is level, and the soil rich and fertile. The timber is of various kinds - hickory, oak, elm, ash, and walnut. It is well watered with the head branches of North Fork Paint, Cumpton creek, Nip creek, George's run. Glaze's run, Myers' run, and Gordon run.

The following are the township officers for 1871: Justice of the peace, William Strope; trustees, A. S. Thompson, Jackson Popejoy, William Strope; treasurer, A. C. Lindsey ; clerk, James V. Cutright; assessor, William Strope; constable. S. S. See; supervisors, J. V. Cutright, Jonathan Chaffin, and John Jefferson; commissioner, William Clark, a man of firmness and influence, a large land holder and dealer in stock, &c.; a man of benevolence and integrity.

By Adam Glaze

George Glaze emigrated from Berks County, Pennsylvania. to Pendleton County, Virginia, and thence to Ross County, Ohio, in 1816, and thence to Union Township, Fayette County, in 1817. Mr. Glaze was the father of thirteen children, viz. : Catharine, Mary, Jacob, Rebecca, Benjamin, George, Solomon. Elizabeth, Adam, John, Molly, Christopher, and Sarah. Geo. Glaze, the subject of this article, married Miss Catharine Turnipseed. daughter of the late John Turnipseed, who served as a soldier during the war of the revolution, under Major General Israel Putnam; he was in the bloody engagements at Bunker Hill and Grant's Hill, Monmouth, Brandywine, Lexington, Saratoga, and Cowpens, and witnessed the surrender of the British army, under General Cornwallis, to the old General At the battle of Bunker Hill he received two flesh wounds. He died at a ripe old age, and was buried with the honors of war. (George Glaze was, at the close of the war, enrolled in its service, and received an honorapvle disccharge. He bequeathed to his children a large legacy of land as an inheritance. He lived and died an honest man about 1349.

By J. C. Glaze

Benjamin Glaze emigrated with his father's family to Ohio in 1816, and settled near Bloomingburg. then Ross, but now Fayette County. The whole surface of the country was an unbroken wilderness, occupied by Indians and wild game. He lived with his father until he was of age. In 1826, at the age of 26, he married Miss Sarah Core; he moved to Twin Township, Ross County, in 1828, and lived on Mr. Core's farm two years; in 1830 he removed to Fayette County, and settled on his land on Cumpton creek, where he lived until he died in 1864, aged 59. His wife died in 1862, only two years between their ages, aged 58 years and 11 months. Mr. Glaze's occupation was a farmer; having been an early emigrant, he had to clear and improve his land, on which he built one of the best houses in the township. He was the father and founder of the first United Brethern Church in the township; his house was the preacher's home; his liberality was proverbial: he was in the majority for erecting one of the first churches in the township. Benjamin Glaze, during his life, held several important township trusts. A man of influence. In religion, a United Brethern. His family were John C., Solomon, Benjamin, Isaac, and Catharine. Solomon and Benjamin are dead. John C. Glaze is living on his well improved farm on Glaze run; during his life thus far he has held several township offices; he possesses a quiet disposition, and is a member of the C. U. Church. He is a large grower of fine McGee hogs. Mr. Glaze married Miss Mary Smith January 19th, 1853, by whom he had three sons, Jesse, Edward, and Charles. Isaac Glaze is a resident of the township. He married Miss Martha Durham, by whom he had three children, Benjamin F., Alpheus B., and Henry. Esquire Glaze has held several township offices, viz.: justice, land appraiser, assessor, &c. He was the candidate of his party for sheriff in 1870. He is a man of tact, note and influence. Catharine Glaze married A.C. Lindsey, by whom she had three children, Dora, Cora, and Sarah.

Henry and Chrisley Core, sons of John Core, emigrated from Ross County to Marion Township. They served in the war of 1812. Henry was Sargeant-Major on Col. McDonald's staff during the war. Chrisley married Catharine Glaze. daughter of George Glaze Henry was brother to Mrs. Benjamin Glaze; by occupation a farmer.

David Turnipseed, early settler, emigrated from Virzinia, and settled on Cumpton creek. He married Catharine Core, by whom he had the following children: Solomon, Wiiliam. John, Eliza, and Mary; all moved West. David died on his farm; during his life he was a justice. trustee. Kc. His wife is dead. He was a useful citizen, kind and benevolent.

Rey. Benjamin Adamson emigrated to the township at an early day; he was a farmer and mechanic, and would work during the week and preach on Sunday. He was the first piooneer preacher in the township; a regular Baptist. He finally sold out, moved West, and died.

Colonel Sharp was an early settler in Fayette County; farmer and distiller. During his life was Colonel of a militia regiment in the war of 1812. William Duckel emigrated early from Virginia to Fayette; occupation, farmer. Jacob Hinkle emigrated early; was a farmer and trader. Sold his farm, and moved West, and there he died. William Strope was an early settler in the township; by occupation a farmer. He has held the office of township justice for twenty-five years to entire satisfaction ; he now holds the offices of justice. assessor, and trustee. Personally, Esquire Strope has many warm friends, even among his political opponents. Joseph Adamson. an early settler, a farmer, and raised a large family; he moved West and died. Higgins Armstrong. farmer and early pioneer, held several important township trusts: he moved t Iowa and died. Daniel Grubs emigrated from Virginia '6 Kentucky, thence to Ohio in 1812, during the last war with England; ke settled in Marion Township. on Glaze's run. He was a noted hunter, killing panthers, bears, wolves. eik. deer, and other game in proportion; his hunting marks are yet visible on many of the trees of Marion Township. G. C. Gamble is now the owner of his farm. He has one son. Stephen, living in Washing C. H; a good citizen, much respected, and a member of the M. E.Church. Jesse. James. and John Grub, his children, are dead.

By R. Durham

Organization first township officers, 1840: justices, Amer Loyd, George Mantle; clerk, Wm. S. Williams; treasurer, Smith Chaffin; trustees, Benjamin Glaze, Jacob Rhodes, and Ralph Durham; constables, Jacob Troxwell and George Holland ; overseers of the poor, Able Loyd and John P. Blue: fence viewers. John Rhodes and Jerry Luse.

John Durham emigrated to Ohio from Virginia in 1816, and settled on the waters of Deer creek His family were Ralph, Jeremiah, Elizabeth, Dennis, Joel. Permelia, Mary, and Sebina. Mr. Durham was a soldier in the revolution, a fifer, was taken prisoner, put on a British ship of war, sent to sea, and was not exchanged until peace was declared ; in 1812 he served as a fifer. By occupation a farmer; born April 13th, 1760, and died in 1852; his wife, Mary, was born 1771, and died in 1046. Ralph Durham was born in 1794. He came with the family to Marion Township in 1835. His family are Elizabeth, his wife, born 1793, Harris W. John, and Nancy A. Mr. Durham has served his township since its organization in several important offices. His age is now 78; he yet works his own farm, reaps his wheat, Xe.

Rev. Thomss Thompson was an early settler on Cumpton creek, from Delaware. Moses Thompson, his father; emigrated from England in 1720 to Delaware, where he purchased a large tract of land. He served as a soldier during the war of 1776, under Washington. His sons, John, Moses, Jesse, Thomas, and Joshua, emigrated to Ohio in 1805. Thomas settled as above stated; he was married three times during his life; by his first wife he had two children, Thomas, Jr., and Nancy. Mr. Thompson was in religion a Methodist minister, and preached forty-five years. His wife was born 1768, died in 1820; Rev. Thomas Thompson was born in 1771, and died in 1847. Thomas, Jr., is the possessor of part of the tract of his father's homestead, on which he has erected the largest mansion in the township. Mr. Thompson has six children living, David, Lizzie, John, Aden, Charlotte, Sarah, Jefferson, and Wesley; David and Lizzie are dead. He is the father of seventeen grandchildren. A. S. Thompson, son of Thomas Thompson, Jr., lives on Cumpton creek; he is the

Samuel Coover was an early settler, emigrated from Virginia to Marion Township ; was the first tailor. Having some means, and land being cheap, he entered into land speculation; he also lent money to the early pioneers, enabling many to obtain homes; indeed, he was a useful man in his day. Before his death he accumulated a large fortune. He was a married man, but never had children. His property was divided among his children at his demise.

Joseph Britton, an early pioneer, emigrated from Virginia and settled on the North Fork Paint creek ; a farmer; held the office of trustee several years; a good man; he died in 1866, leaving a small family to mourn his loss.

Jonathan Bryan was an early settler on Paint creek; he was a large farmer and stock raiser, and an excellent citizen, much respected. His widow still lives, in advanced age, on the old farm; they had six children.

Jonathan Shepherd was an early pioneer on Cumpton creek ; and was the first Methodist in Marion Township; his house was the asylum of the preachers and weary travelers. He was a man of great benevolence; his place in society can never be filled. He had but one daughter, Smith C. Taffin, wife of Mr. Taffin, widely known as a large and successful cattle dealer.

Joseph Harper was an early settler in Fayette County: he emigrated from Delaware; farmer and stock raiser by occupation; still living at an advanced age.

By Kate Carder

Sanford Carder emigrated to the Scioto Valley from Virginia in 1800. He was a soldier during the revolutionary war; he drew a pension during his life; he lived to the advanced age of 100. His family record is Armstead, Sarah, Tillie, Nancy, Becky, Sanford, Peter, Polly, Jacob, Samuel. Armstead was a hotel-keeper in New Holland before he died. Sauford moved to Iowa and died. Peter was the owner of the homestead, on which he lived forty-four years, and died without issue. His wife still occupies the old mansion. In his will he bequeathed 516 acres to the County Infirmary, which cost $35,000 in 1863, and which entitles him to the honor of the name of Carder Infirmary. He died in 1863.

Peter Mouser emigrated from Virginia to the wilderness in 1798, when the whole country was full of Indians, panthers, bears, wolves, deer, and other game. He served in the war of 1812. He was a large land-holder and cattle merchant. His family record was John, Eliza, Jacob, William, Kate, Mary.

John Timmons, early pioneer, was a large land-holder and wealthy. He took a notion that he must confine himself in bed, which he did for thirty years, and then expired.

Philip Blue was an early settler between the waters of Cumpton and Paint creeks. By occupation a blacksmith, and he opened the first blacksmith shop in the township; he also farmed some. His brother, John P. Blue, opened tavern in Washington. They all moved West.

Wm. 8. Williams was an early settler on Cumpton creek. A farmer, and a man of talents and publicity. He served in several township offices, and was Captain of Militia. He exerted a wide-spread influence in the vicinity, and whose opinion of men and things was generally believed to be correct.

Thomas Wood was an early pioneer to Fayette County from Virginia, and settled on the fertile soil of Cumpton and Paint creeks. He raised a large family, two of whom are living in the township, and the balance are either dead or moved West.

Able Loyd was an early pioneer to Cumpton. He was 2 farmer by occupation. He was a Methodist, and built the first log church in the township; he was devoted to his religion, and was zealous in his Master's work. The old church is yet standing as a monument of his beneficence. The remains of himself, wife, and part of the family, are buried near the chapel, on his farm.

John Johnson was an early settler on Cumpton creek; like a majority of the early pioneers, he was poor but honest; but by industry, frugality, and economy, he has become wealthy. He is a noted stock dealer, especially in horses; he has subdued and made tractable more horses than any man in the township. He and his wife are still living at the old homestead, joyous and happy, and universally respected.

Henry Lowderman, an early settler on Cumpton creek. a farmer, attends to his own business, and is seldom from home. Duncard in religion, and proverbial for his honesty ; he and his wife are still living.

Clement Barker, farmer, moved West. Ichobod Hinkle, farmer and carpenter, built the first bridge in the township, over Cumpton creek. James Davidson, a noted trapper and bee hunter. William Howkans, farmer. Samuel Dunkle, constable and justice; also a farmer. Cyrus and Reuben Dukle, farmers. Thomas Cary, farmer. Thomas Parker. iarmer and pump-maker. William Howk, farmer and hunter of game. David Coover, farmer. Colonel Bruce. brick mason, plasterer, and wood-worker by trade. James McDown, farmer. John Gould, tanner, and exhorter in the U. B. Church, living in McArthur. John Popejoy emigrated from Virginia to the Scioto at an early day, farmer and trader in stock: was a great Methodist. His family record is Susan, Martha, Jackson, Catharine, Lewis, Sarah, and Effe. Susan married and moved to Madison County. Martha is single. Jackson is living in the township, and has built a handsome residence ; is a large stock dealer and shipper. Effie married G. C. Gamble, farmer and trader, lives on the west bank of the North Fork Paint. Mr. Gamble is a large stock dealer, and is in religion a Disciple, gospel Christian, and holds an important o7- fice in the ehurch organization; is a man of note and in-

Elish Bloomer emigrated with his father's family, and settled on the Bloomington road; a large farmer, stock dealer, and shipper; served his township as justice one term. His sons are Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. He has had two wives, both of whom are dead; he still survives.

David Rogers, am: early settler; he isa large farmer and sheep and cattle merchant, money loaner, and bondholder. His present residence is Washington C. H. His family record is John, Benjamin, and Wesley; Wesley was killed by the rebels during the war at Frankfort, Kentucky.

John Myers, an early settler on Myer's run; a large farmer and careful dealer. He was rather eccentric in his ways. His family, consisting of a wife and one daughter, are dead.

Matthew Law is one of the oldest pioneers in the township now living. Occupation, blacksmith. Fifer in the war of 1812. His family record is Nelly, John, and Sarah, wite of John Leasure; Polly married Ellis Knott, and moved West. John Leasure and family live near Glaze's run. His family consists of James, Mary A., John, Kate, William, school teacher; Nancy, school mistress; David, pioneer agent, Franklin. Mr. Leasure, farmer, has held the office of supervisor for many years. In religion, a Disciple; a good citizen.

Nathaniel Blackmore settled in the township in 1820. He was marker when the township was surveyed in 1840. Chas. Blackmore emigrated to Big Runin 1820. His family record is Nathaniel, Joseph, William, and Thomas. Nathaniel's family record is Joseph, Charles, and William. William was in the war of 1812, and represented Fayette County in the Legislature. Joseph belonged to to the 60th Regiment O.V. Austin was not in the war. Nathaniel, the subject of this article, was lieutenant of an organized company, but was not called out. Mr. Blackmore married Miss Mary A. Crisp, daughter of Colonel Crisp, of Concord, Ross County. (See Rk. C. Pioneer.)

By Alexander Meneary

served as Associate Judge, also as Captain of Militia. His occupation, farmer and grazer. The Menearys are relations of General Meneary, of the war of 1812, a large and extensive land-holder in Ross County, on Meneary run; he was a man of note and influence. (See McDonald's Life of Me- Arthur, R. C. Pioneer Record.) General Meneary's sons were James and Alexander.

Daniel Bates emigrated from Virginia to Fayette; farmer, and was in the war of 1812. His family record is Hester, Sarah, Harriet, Richard, Jackson, Joseph, Lucinda, Ellen. Harriet married Robert Matson. Richard is afarmer. Jackson is a farmer and supervisor; balance are dead. Jane Bates is still living at the age of 87.

Hughey Dyer, an eaily pioneer to Marion; he was a farmer and mechanic, and was in the war of 1812. His son, Lemuel Dyer, is a contractor on the Bloomingburg and Holland pike. Three of his sons were in the late war, Lemuel, Alphus, and Archibald. Robert emigrated to Missouri. Hughey and his wife died at a ripe old age, much respected.

Joseph Alloways was an early pioneer to the township; he was a noted hunter. His son, Daniel, was in the Mexican war. The old man had an altercation with an Irishman, and in the conflict he killed the Irishman; he gave himself up to the authoritie8, and was cleared. During his hunting excursions he killed game of every kind; he was the first pioneer hunter to the territory of Paint and Cumpton valleys. His wife's mother lived over 100 years. His son, John, was also in the Mexican war. Thomas was in the last war.

SETTLERS SINCE 1840. - William Clark, late settler in Marion Township, emigrated from Ross County. He married William Hase's daughter, by whom he had one son, James Clark. His wife died young; and for his second wife he married James Rittenour's daughter. He is a large farmer, trades in stock, and is a man of fixed principles, firm and unwavering in his opinions. He has held several important township

James Alexander, Jr., late settler of the township, is a son of James Alexander, of Bloomingburg. Mr. Alexander is a large farmer and trader in stock. He married a daughter of Captain Scott Harrison, son of the late Gen. Beatal Harrison, of the war of 1812. He has held the office of trustee; he and A, ©. Thompson are contractors for six miles of the Washington and Waterloo road. He is a man of business qualifications, and prompt in meeting his demands.

Jesse Britton, late settler in the township, by occupation a farmer and grazer, and trades in stock; he has held several civil offices. He married William Pendall's daughter.

Smith Chaffin, late emigrant, farmer and wholesale stock merchant; he has held several civil offices. He married John Shepherd's daughter, by whom he had three children, Jonathan, James, and Amanda. Jonathan is a farmer; James died in the late war; Amanda married George Blarabone, wholesale grocer and express agent, New Holland. He isa thorough business man and an accommodating tradesman.

Ezra Bryan, late settler, is a tiller of the soil, plants and sows, and is a produce and grain grower. A useful citizen in society, and attends to his own business; he raises some stock, poultry, Xe.

Jesse Johnson was born and raised in the township; a successful trader in stock. He was a Lieutenant in Captain Harrison's Company in the late war. He never married; of course, a rich bachelor prospers in his business transactions.

Charles Doughtery is by occupation a farmer; social, pleasant, and good company. He is married; his sons are John, Charles, and William, who died in the last war of camp fever.

Thomas Rosebone has held several township offices, trustee and clerk. He has a large family ; one of his sons was killed in the last war; he was a member of Captain Abram's (ompany. His occupation a farmer. Garrett Rosebone, his father, is living with him, aged 80.

John Moore, farmer, settled on Myers' run ; held the offices of treasurer, trustee, &c. He emigrated from Pennsylvania. He has one son, Aaron; and two daughters, Maria and Lizzie.

Amos Loyd, farmer, tanner by occupation; he held the office of justice several terms to the approval of the people. He was the first justice in the township. His family occupy the old farm. His daughters are school teachers, and are very intelligent.

The following residents of the township are large and successful agriculturists, useful citizens, and men of influence in society - the producing class:

T. J. Cook, Archibald Stinson, Benjamin Brown, L. J. Dick, Hezekiah Brown, Jr., John Jefferson, John Thompson, Guning Sinsabaugh, Lewis Popejoy, George Holland, Peter Hess, Nathan Loderman, A. G. Wood, James Chaffin, William Chaffin, Charles McCrea, James McCrea, Hendrickson Rosebone, Jackson Bates, Robert Vinsant, William Vinsant, Henry Glaze, Lafayette Strope, Richard Bates, Jr., George Hampton, James and Denard Chaffin, Sim. Shifley, James Matson, Thid. Thorp, Jefferson Gasgo, James Tod, Jacob Kennedy, William Willhite, William Bedow, A. Stimpson, S. Rosebone, Marion Strope. Joseph Briggs, Charles McCrea. Thomas Shifley, Charles P. Smith, were all in the last war. Mr. Smith married Miss Ellen Glaze, daughter of Mrs. Rebecca Glaze. He draws a pension, having been shot through the left arm.

Nancy McCrea, a large land-holder on the North Fork Paint creek. She is a lady of tact and business habits, and a good manager; has but one child, George. Her husband's name was Uharles; he was a useful and respected citizen.

By A. C. Lindsey

John Lindsey, Sr., emigrated to now Pickaway County in 1809, from Virginia, with his family, consisting of John, Jr., Jacob, Samuel, Abraham, Thomas, James, Phoebe, Daugherty.

Sally, and Betsy. John Lindsey, Sr., was a farmer and slaveholder in Virginia; prior to emigrating, he set them free; two of his slayes emigrated with him to Ohio. Mr. Lindsey served as a soldier in the revolutionary war. On his arrival in Ohio he purchased 2,000 acres of land near New Holland, in the forest. He soon had a portion of his land cleared and improved. He died at the age of 89 years. John, Jr., was a farmer, and emigrated West. Jacob was a farmer, and served his township as justice several terms. Samuel was a farmer and hunter. Abraham kept the first hotel in New Holland: he was in the war of 1812. Thomas emigrated West. James was a farmer. Phoebe married Mr. McCrea. Daugherty married and moved West. Sally married and emigrated West. Betsy married a farmer and moved West. John Lindsey, Jr., son of Abraham, lives on Marfold's stock farm; he is a suc-. cessful farmer and a good citizen. His family consists of A. C. Lindsey, farmer and stock dealer, and now township treasurer, school director, and turnpike superintendent; Thomas, farmer; Phoebe, Jane; James Lindsey is in Missouri; Alice and Charles are at home. Abraham's children: Thomas, Samuel, Abraham, Nancy, Mary, Sally. Jacob's children: John, James, Thomas, Betsy, Hattie, Nancy, Hannah. John's children: James, Joseph, Thomas. [James' and Thomas' children names not handed in. - AUTHOR. }

Earth-Works

Mound embracing two acres, twelve feet high and sixty feet in circumference, on Thomas Thompson's farm, near Cumpton creek ; it has been explored, and several large skeletons have been exhumed; the teeth of some of the skeletons were in a state of soundness and undecayed. Logan, the cclebrated Mingo Chief, had his hunting camp at the forks of now Cumpton creek, a place of annual rendezvous; here in autumn, at the falling of the leaves, the brave old chief and noted hunters would assemble as a starting place, and council together for a circle hunt in this vast pararie which extended to the mouth of Deer creek; these celebrated plains were encircled by the Indian hunters, set on fire, the deer taking the alarm, would run in confusion in every direction to make their es- cape, and would be killed by the Indian hunters. After the Indians left the plains, the brave pioneer hunters, Hughes, Boggs, Bray, and Wolf, would annually visit this noted deer park, returning to their wigwams on the Sciota, Hocking, aud Muskingum, with their pack-horses loaded with choice venison, deer skins, and other game.

Dr. James Wilson emigrated from Ross County to New Holland in 1832, and was the first of his profession in that locality, on the borders of Fayette and Pickaway Counties. He has made his mark asa successfdl practitioner. He purchased 250 acres of choice Jand in now Marion Township, ail in the woods; he has, at great expense, had it cleared and improved, until it is now a model and beautiful place; he calls it Forest Home. His front yard has been lately ornamented with forest trees ; the surroundings are grand and picturesque Wilson's Lake, on the north end of the farm, is truly a lovely spot; its deep, clear, blue waters are beautifully surrounded by lofty forest oaks, while the surface of the earth and banks to the edge of the water is matted with green, blue sod, adorned with white an red lilies, uncultured by art, but spontaneously springing into life and beauty by the hand of nature. This natural and artificial lake is fed by Wilson's ran, spouting springs, and ten miles of tile drains emptying their waters into it. The lake has become a great fishing depot - a place of much resort. As a cool bathing retreat in summer. it will soon vie with Long Branch. The ice taken from the lake is clear and solid, and not to be surpassed by the ice of Lake Elenmore, in Ross County, on the farm of General Jame- Worthington. Dr. Wilson is the son of J. H. Wilson. a highly respected and venerable citizen of Ross County, Ohio. whe served his country in the war of 1512. His grandfather, James Wilson, was a veteran minute man in the revolution. and died at the advanced age of 93. Robert Wilson, of Ross County, a noted bear and panther hunter, and who was in the war of 1812, is his uncle; he is living at the advanced age of 90. The Doctor has a small family, consisting of a wife and one son, Milton Wilson, attorney-at-law, Cincinnati, Ohio. a young man of talent and ability.

father, Rev. Charles Beatty, was of the Regular Baptist denomination. Mr. Beatty helped to subdue the forest; settling as he did on the wild hunting grounds of the war Chief Logan, surrounded by beasts of prey, he suffered every inconvenience and hardship incident to early settlers. He has, like a majority of ourearly fathers, passed away. Mrs. Elisha Beatty is still living. When in Ohio, she makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. John Durham, in Marion Township. Mrs. Beatty is now making a visit in the West among her relatives. Mrs. Beatty is a lady of a vigorous mind; her recollection of past times is truly remarkable.

Record Of An Aged Woman

Margaret Gooley, now aged 94 years, was born in Virginia, and emigrated to Ross County fifty-six years ago; is now a resident of New Holland, Ohio. She has been a member of the M. E. Church for sixty-two years. She is the mother of nine children, viz.: Rebecca, Nancy, Emily, George W., Amelia, Catharine, Thomas, Jacob, and Henry. Jacob died in the army, while at Benton Barracks, Missouri; he belonged to Company F, 114th Regiment, O. V. I. Nancy died aged 20 years. Margaret Gooley's husband, Jacob (tooley, served in the war of 1812, and rendezvoused at Sandusky, under Major John Willett, commanded by Capt. Alex. Robertson.

Source changes here: from History of Fayette County Ohio, by Frank M. Allen, published 1914; 3,700 words in this source stream.

Topography

Jefferson township was named after the third President of the United States. It is located in the northwestern part of Fayette county, being bounded on the north by Madison county, on the east by Paint township, on the south by Union and Jasper townships, and on the west by Greene county. Paint creek forms its eastern boundary proper, while Rattlesnake enters in the north and crosses the entire township, flowing southwestwardly, while the numerous tributaries of these streams traverse the township in different directions. According to statements of the old settlers, Rattlesnake creek is named from an old Indian chief, whose camp was often located along the banks of this stream named after him. Sugar creek, flowing almost parallel with Rattlesnake, obtained its name from the great abundance of sugar maple on its banks.

The surface of Jefferson township is generally level, with occasional ridges and low rolling hills. The soil is black and very productive and large crops of grain are harvested each year, especially between Sugar and Rattlesnake creeks. The land in this section was originally timbered heavily with elm, hickory, oak and sugar maple, but the interests of commercialism have largely removed this magnificent growth from the township.

Early Settlement

Chief among the military surveys of this township are tracts bearing the names of McArthur, two thousand acres; Washington, two thousand acres; Kearns, one thousand acres; Duff, two thousand acres; Dunn, one thousand acres; Mosely, one thousand acres. Pendleton, Spottswood and others. These surveys have been divided into small tracts and are owned principally by the pioneers and their posterity.

father and four sons, were natives of North Carolina, whence they removed to Virginia. In the year 1901 they came to this state and settled in Greene county about five miles southeast of Xenia, where they remained a few years and then came to this township, perhaps in 1804. The elder Robinson located on the present site of Jeffersonville, occupying a cabin situated on a lot later owned by Richard Fox. William Robinson, Jr., took possession of a tract of land just across the creek from the village, now known as the Wright farm. Two of the sons, Thomas and Abner, lived near, also Nicholas, another son.

Aaron Kendall and family left Stafford county, Virginia, in 1805 and settled in this township on part of the Washington survey. The father eventually traveled back to Virginia and died there. The remainder of the family grew up and scattered.

In the year 1809 or 1810, George Creamer and three sons, Michael, Joseph and David, came from Berkeley county, Virginia, and settled on Sugar creek, on land still owned by his descendants. George Creamer, Jr., came in 1813 and located in the same neighborhood. The family held prominent positions and took an active part in the development of the county. George was the first justice of the peace; David was justice of the peace and surveyor; Joseph, Michael and David participated in the War of 1812. The senior Creamer died in the year 1825.

Soon after the Creamers took their departure from their Virginia home they were followed by Marshall and Jacob Jenkins, who resided in the same neighborhood. Marshall jenkins removed to Sugar creek. He lived there about twenty years, then removed to Port Williams, in Clinton county. Jacob took possession of a tract of land and lived thereon until 1850, when he divided the same amongst his children and removed to Jeffersonville, where he died in 1865.

Prior to 1812 a Carolinian named John McKillep came here and located about two miles north of Jeffersonville, with his wife and three sons, John, William and Daniel. Mrs. McKillep was held in high esteem for her services among the settlers as midwife, and, because of the scarcity of physicians, was in great demand.

One of the two Duff surveys in the county was settled by Patrick Kerns, who emigrated prior to 1810 and cleared a piece of ground adjoining that of Jenkins and Creamer. He built a two-story log house, in appearance far in advance of his day and which was standing and occupied as late as 1874. The western survey was purchased by Peter Harness in 1811 and divided among his sons.

Joseph Hidy settled at an early day near Paint creek and owned a large tract of land in Paint township. Michael Carr owned land in this township, but lived in Paint.

John Killgore, with his wife and a large family, emigrated to Greene county, Ohio, from Kentucky in 1801 and located in the immediate vicinity of Xenia, where they remained several years, but, because of the scarcity of game, they determined to change their quarters. Accordingly the elder, accompanied by several of his sons and a neighbor named James Kent, proceeded to explore the country east of Xenia and finally entered this township. The first trace of civilization they discovered was a turnip patch near the cabin of Phillip Powell. They struck the branch called Benbow creek and followed the same through the farm now owned by Perry Killgore to its mouth at Sugar creek and here a bear was shot by one of the party. Perceiving smoke arising from near the spring on what was later the Blessing farm, they proceeded hither and discovered a party of Indians in camp. The latter were friendly and invited the Killgores to remain over night, which invitation was thankfully accepted, the bear being served for supper. On the following day they went to Madison county, selected a tract of land, erected a cabin, and moved into the same with their families, remaining until 1808, when one hundred and twenty-five acres in this township, extending from Perry Killgore's house to the road east of the same, were purchased. Here they remained until 1812, engaged in farming and hunting. At the outbreak of the War of 1812 one of the sons, James, went to Kentucky with Nathaniel Scott and manufactured saltpetre. John went to Chillicothe, enlisted in the service and died while guarding prisoners. His coffin was made by Joseph Hidy. His son, John Clark, volunteered and was taken to Upper Sandusky, where he remained until the close of the war. The Killgore farm was purchased of Thomas Posey at seventy-five cents per acre. At the death of the elder Killgore it was bought by two of his sons; one of the brothers, Clark, eventually became sole owner.

In the immediate vicinity of the Killgore home were pioneers made of such as the following: Philip Powell came during the years intervening between 1801 and 1804 and afterwards removed to Indiana, where he died. He was a Kentuckian by birth. Solomon Green remained a short time. It is said of his son William, that he brought from Kentucky and wore the first pair of boots ever brought to this settlement, which gave him the name of "Bill Boots." David Polly and Mr. Risdon were early residents of the neighborhood. The latter married Elizabeth, a daughter of John Killgore, Sr. In about the year 1815 Stephen Hunt removed to the farm which had been lately vacated by Polly. He was a carpenter, surveyor, blacksmith and justice of the peace. He eventually moved back to Illinois. Samuel Hornbeck occupied the farm later owned by Abram Blessing. Being subject to frequent attacks of fits, his wife was told that a permanent cure might be effected by taking off his under garment and burning the same. At the next attack the remedy was given a trial, resulting in the loss of the garment, but a failure as a cure. Moses Thomas settled on Sugar creek in 1825 and engaged in blacksmithing. Just below Moses Thomas lived James and Andrew Wicker, who were natives of North Carolina. William and John Horney settled early in the township and devoted most of their time to hunting. John Mock, from North Carolina, came first to Greene county, Ohio, and assisted in the erection of the first dwelling house in Xenia. In 1853 he came here and settled. He died in 1862. Joseph Kent, who came with the Killgores, remained with them until 1808, then removed to Madison county, where he lived the rest of his days. OFFICIAL ANNALS.

The following officers were elected on the Ist day of April, 1816, and sworn in on the 6th day of the same month: Justice of the peace, Thomas. Robinson; trustees, Jacob Jenkins, Joseph Kendall and Nicholas Robinson; constables, William McCandless and Price Landfare; supervisors, Samuel Wicker, John Miller, George Pence and James Sanderson; treasurer, John McKillep ; lister, William McCandless; overseers of the poor, Patrick Kernan and John Williams; fence viewers, Jacob Jenkins and David Creamer, the latter being appointed at a subsequent meeting of the trustees; clerk, David Creamer.

John Miller, supervisor one year, $3.00; Samuel Wicker, received $5.25 for a like service; Jacob Jenkins, trustee, one year, $6.00; for serving in the capacity of supervisor one year, James Sanderson and George, each $2.25; Joseph Kendall, trustees, $4.00; Joseph Creamer, per cent. of funds, 98 cents; David Creamer, clerk, $4.00; following which appears this entry: "Settled all accounts with treasurer and there remains $1.22 in the treasury."

On March 21, 1818, John Fenel was paid $2.621% for his services as deputy supervisor; the fraction was paid in "sharp shins" or "cut money."

The trustees, on May 24, 1834, bound to James Fent, as an apprentice, George Seamer, aged eleven, until he shall attain the age of twenty-one; conditioned that the said Fent shall clothe, maintain and educate said Seamer and at the expiration of his term of servitude shall present him with a Bible and two suits of clothes. This is the first transaction of the kind on record.

Patrick Kerran, or Kerns, was the first blacksmith and followed his trade for many years. He brought his forge with him and was assisted by his wife in striking the iron.

Thomas McGara was the first physician. He lived at Washington and visited his patients on horseback. He enjoyed a good reputation and afterwards served his county as associate judge and representative. James F. Boyer and George Sharrette were the pioneer brickmakers; D. McCoy, the first merchant; Joseph Hidy and Stephanus Hunt, the first carpenters.

The counterfeiters who infested this county in the early days frequently victimized the citizens of Jefferson township, though there was no organized gang within the limits of the township. In later years, when Alfred Walston removed to the blacksmith shop occupied originally by Moses Thomas, he found concealed in the same a mold for the production of bogus silver dollars.

Richard Douglass, of Chillicothe, and one of the first practitioners at the Washington bar, owned a tract of land in Jefferson township, containing about twelve hundred acres, which was in charge of his brother, an exsea captain. Richard, or Dick as he was called, was very quick of temper, but usually regretted his outbursts the next moment. One winter he purchased a large flock of sheep and put them in his brother's care, who managed to preserve half of them; the others died from sheer neglect and were placed in a heap and covered with straw. On the following spring, Dick visited his farm and upon discovering the dead sheep exclaimed, "What in the hell," but, regretting the hasty remark, lifted his eyes and added, "God forgive me."

In the fall of the year 1844-5 a party of emigrants who were on their way from Virginia to a Western state, encamped in the woods on the Washington and Jamestown road, on the site of West Lancaster. With them were two young men named Martin and McClung, who were prospecting and, having overtaken the emigrants, concluded to accompany them to the West. It was on the evening of the fall election and two young men, named re- spectively Hiram Hosier and Henry Smith, were returning from the polls at Jeffersonville in a jolly mood and on horseback. One of them, it is alleged, upon arriving at the camp conducted himself in such a manner as to insult the women and arose the indignation of the men, who proceeded to chastise them. The party attacked retreated about two hundred yards, then charged upon the assailing party. In the melee which ensued Hosier encountered . McClung and struck him on the head, inflicting a dangerous wound, from the effects of which he died in a few hours. Hosier was arrested. The case, however, was postponed from time to time. It was finally brought to trial and Martin, the prosecuting witness, having been bribed to abscond, the jury disagreed. Thus the case was struck out.

On April 20, 1843, a party of young men went to a wedding at Straley's, then in Jefferson, but now in Jasper township, to "bell." They were attacked -by those inside and Antrim Rankins, son of Thomas R. Rankins, was shot . and died on the following day. John Hidy was arrested and charged with the deed. He'was admitted to bail, left the country and never returned.

The pioneers of Jefferson township, as in other localities, enjoyed no _ opportunities for trading at home. Grain and other products were conveyed to Cincinnati, Springfield and Oldtown, much time and labor being required in making these trips. It soon became apparent that nothing could be gained so: long as there were no facilities for grinding the grain into flour and various devices were invented.

Perhaps the first mill was erected by William Robinson on Sugar creek. It was a very crude structure. Another water-mill was erected on the same creek by William Blackamore and used for grinding corn. Jacob Creamer, ' in 1840, erected a saw-mill within the present limits of Jeffersonville, where . the covered bridge stood, and afterwards added a corn-cracker. During the wet season lumber was shipped across the creek on a raft and taken to the village. The lumber, which was white and burr oak, was used extensively. . Edward Gray had charge of it and in the spring, when the water was low, frequently put his shoulder to the water gate in order to put the machinery in motion. David Creamer had a saw-mill on the land later owned by Wallace Creamer. These dams have long since been abandoned.

Towns And Hamlets

Jefferson township is not noted for many villages of importance. The present ones are Jeffersonville, with a population of seven hundred and sixteen; West Lancaster, with one hundred and forty-two; Parrott, with a population of fifty, and a mere hamlet, known as Blessing. Another earlyday village was Pleasant View, of which a mention is made in this chapter. The total population of Jefferson township, together with that of the village of Jeffersonville, was, in IQ10, two thousand seven hundred and eighteen.

Jeffersonville is beautifully situated on the banks of Sugar creek, eleven miles northwest from Washington C. H., and eighteen miles from South Charleston. It is on the Detroit & Southern railroad, running northwest and southeast, while the same system has a line, originally dubbed "Grasshopper road," extending northeast and southwest. The old State road in its direct east and west course runs through Jeffersonville. As long ago as 1880 it was said of this village, "For the last year business in the village has | made rapid strides, and at this writing there is not a vacant dwelling house in the place. The railroad has brought new industries and enterprises, and good mechanics are employed at steady wages."

While William Robinson was a resident of the land where now stands Jeffersonville, he cannot be called the first real resident. It was in 1831, when Walter B. Wright and Chipman Robinson, who owned a hundred acres of the present platting, believing that the farming community of this township needed a trading post of some kind, laid off town lots, in March of that year, and disposed of them at five dollars each.

The first house was built by Robert Wiley, on Main street. This was platted as Lot No. 1. Among the people there at that time - all that year or the next - were William Devault, Reuben Carr, Jacob Jenkins and M. B. Wright. Then followed Edward Gray, a native of Morgan county, Virginia, who came to Ohio in the fall of 1836, with his father Michael and the family. They came over the completed National road. He purchased land in this township, at three dollars per acre. It was all a dense forest and very diffcult to clear up. Edward moved to town a few years later and engaged in mercantile pursuits, which were conducted by himself and later by his son. The first store in the village, it is thought by many, was that of Edward Popejoy. Reuben and Jesse Carr were early dry goods dealers. Hiram Duff was the pioneer blacksmith, Joseph Garnes the first tanner, and Doctor

Boarer the first physician. In 1840 there were seventeen buildings, most of which were log, and altogether the village did not present any too attractive an appearance to the passing stranger. H. H. Pearson came in about 1843 and started a grocery and liquor store. He had a large trade in both commodities and made a fortune in a few years; he finally went to Defiance, Ohio, and there lost most of his wealth. He then emigrated to Iowa.

The business of this village in 1914 is about as follows: Attorney, U. G. Creamer; agricultural implements, Frank Vanorsdall, R. A. Horney ; auto garage, Jefferson Auto Company; blacksmiths, C. W. Spangler, John Boone, David Davis; barbers, J. L. Spellman, Ira Mosier ; banks, Citizens and Farmers. banks; dray lines, Albert Inskip, O. G. Glaze, McKalip Coal and Supply Company; dentist, Dr. G. M. Hines; drugs, J. B. Davis; elevators, Threllkeld and Blessing; furniture, Janes & Company; groceries, W. A. Reid, F. A. Horney, C. D. Bush, Sears & Son, Wood & Duff and Frank Coe; dry goods, Hull & Company, W. W. Routson; hardware, Boobo Hardware Company ; harness, M. F. Hudson; hotel, "Mecca," by C. F. McAuliffe; jewelry, G. H. Follett; lumber, C. C. French; livery, F. C, Vanarsdoll, C J. McGrew; millinery, C. Maude Wood; mills, The Jefferson Milling Company; newspaper, The Citizen; restaurants, Maggie Wilson, Lester Allen; physicians, Drs ETE Wilson, |. French, Ef. V. Lusher realestate, Gi Cart stock dealer, A. C. Shepard; veterinary, Dr. F. J. Mofris; meat market, T. W. Mock; racket store, W. O. King; tinning and roofing, A. E. Moon; cement blocks, R. E. Thornton; bakery, Charles Miles; pool room, John Rowell; merchant tailor, J. C. Tudor; undertaker and funeral director, F. C. Morrow; . fire insurance, F.C. Morrow; coal dealers, O. J. Glaze, McKillip Coal and Supply Company; clothing, Harry Frieds.

Municipal History

Under authority of the state of Ohio, the town of Jeffersonville was duly incorporated in March, 1838. The corporation limits were materially extended in April, 1880.

Ordinances passed at various dates included some which seem curious to the reader of today. The first was dated April 26, 1838: "That if any person or persons shall run a horse or horses in any of the streets or alleys within the limits of said town, they shall, on conviction, be fined in any sum not more than five dollars, nor less than one dollar, at the discretion of the mayor." pose of selling liquor by the dram or less than one quart (except for medicinal purposes) shall be fined in any sum not more than five dollars, nor less than one dollar for such offense."

August, 1852: It was ordained that there should be no more liquor sold in the place, and the marshal was instructed to close certain places of immoral resort within the place.

The last named year it was alsov»ordained that some suitable person be appointed to sell spirituous liquors for medicinal and mechanical purposes.

In 1879 the council ordained that "Hereafter all places where intoxicating liquors are sold shall be closed at nine o'clock each evening and remain closed until six A. M." A fine was fixed as a penalty in the sum of from ten to fifty dollars.

The municipal officers in 1914 were: Mayor, U. G. Creamer; clerk, Othelo Wade; treasurer, R. L. Saunders; council, J. B. Fent, chairman, G. M. Hiner, O. C. Glaze, J. C. Tudor, D. J. Charles, S. C. Morrow; health officer, William Bergdill; marshal and street commissioner, O. M. Allen.

Jeffersonville has a chemical fire engine and a volunteer company, but no water works system. It is supplied with electric lights from Washington CHEL

Postal History

According to recent figures received from Washington, D. C., the following have served as postmasters at Jeffersonville (office established in 1834): Jacob Creamer, Hanes 1s34 4k. lak Skillman, December, 1839; E. H. Crow appointed September 25, 1841; H. K. Pearson, August 6, 1845; W. B. Logan, March 6, 1863; Lewis Goldman, June 5, 1863; J. W. Haymaker, March 5, 1864; Edward Gray, January 15, 1872; Fred Higgins, December 8, 1881; L. A. Elster, February 26, 1883; A. J. Lewis, August 3,

1885 ; Jesse M. Bloomer, June 13, 1889; R. N. Scott, August 24, 1893; James Straley, September 14, 1897; Warren W. Williams, October I, 1901, and present incumbent. Two rural free delivery routes go out from this point. Jeffersonville was one of four places of a thousand and under in Ohio which the government two years ago installed as "free delivery" as an experiment, and two and three deliveries are made daily. This was instituted at the instigation of Postmaster Williams. It is altogether a success and will doubtless be followed by many more.

A large, two-story brick town hall and corporation building was erected here in 1898 at a cost of about eighteen thousand dollars. It includes a fine opera house. The place now has a population of almost eight hundred. Its churches are the Methodist Protestant, the Methodist Episcopal, the Universalist and Church of Christ (in Church Union) and two colored organizations. See Church chapter. The lodges include the Masonic, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics.

The streets are well kept, the side walks are an honor to the town and the class of business houses and residences do credit to the enterprising citizens.