Madison Township

Madison Township

Dr. 0. S. Williams began the practice of medicine at West Point about the year 1869, and is now (1879) doing professional service at that place.

Madison township, numbered 10, in range 2. one of the seven southern townships in Columbiana, is the largest of the seven, and still retains its original territory of six miles square. Its boundaries are Elk Run township on the north, Yellow Creek on the south, St. Clair and Liverpool on the east, and Wayne and Washington on the west.

The surface of the township is hilly in every part, and, in common with neighboring elevated regions, Madison is a healthful country and abounds in fine natural prospects. The salubrious climate conduces to extreme longevity, and to a remarkable retention of vigor, both physical and mental, by the aged.

The west fork of Beaver Creek flows through the township in an exceedingly eccentric course from the western line to the northeast corner at Williamsport, and furnishes en route excellent water for several mills.

Round Knob farm, on the southeast quarter of section 22, originally owned by Jacob Welch, and now the property of the Long's Run Oil Company, is claimed to occupy the highest point of land in the State of Ohio, its alleged elevation above Lake Erie being eight hundred and forty-four feet, and seven hundred and fifty-four feet above the Ohio at Wellsville. Bituminous coal is found in many places in Madison, and in some spots - notably near West Point - veins to the thickness of three and a half feet exist. Considerable coal is mined, but it is all used for home consumption. The deposits of oil, although sqpposed to freely exist, have not yet been discovered in paying quantity. A strong flow of natural gas has been found in an oil well at West Point, and is said to provide gas enough to supply West Point with illumination for an indefinite length of time.

Madison has no railway within its borders, although railway facilities at Wellsville, New Lisbon, and other near-at-hand points offer fairly satisfactory conveniences in that respect.

Early Settlement

Madison township received its earliest settlers from a thrifty, hardy race of people who came from the Highlands of Scotland. The tract taken up by them was chiefly in what is now Madison township ; it measured ten miles in length, from three to five miles in width, and is to this day known as the " Scotch settlement."

One of the first to locate upon this tract was Andrew McPherson, who came over in 1802 with two sons and two daughters, and took up the southeast quarter of section .26. Of Mr. McPherson's family of four sons and four daughters, one son, Andrew, is still a resident of Madison.

McPherson, grandson of Andrew McPherson, the early settler above mentioned. Alexander McDonald was a man of considerable local note, and was for years a ruling elder in the Yellow Creek Presbyterian church.

In 1815 a Mr. Cook, an early settler, sold his farm on section 25 to Charles Rose, whose son William now lives on the place. On the same section, upon the northeast quarter, a Mr. Shaffer occupied what is now the estate of his son Archibald, deceased.

The northeas.t quarter of section 21 was entered by James McIntosh, who removed to Iowa in 1857. His son John subsequently returned to Madison township, and still resides there. Upon the same section Wm. Monroe and Evan McIntosh were early settlers.

The northwest quarter of section 25, now occupied by Mrs. M. Cameron, was first entered by "Squire" Armstrong, who sold it to Alexander Chisholm shortly after locating. John McPhail settled in 1802 upon the northwest quarter of section 36. He sold it to John Campbell, who came over from Scotland in 1813. William Falconer, who emigrated from Scotland in 1801, located in that year upon section 35, the place being now the property of the heirs of the late John McKenzie.

The place now owned by Samuel Mick, upon the same section, was settled by Daniel McCoy in 1803. Mr. McCoy was a soldier under General Harrison, a prominent member of the settlement, and long an elder in the Presbyterian church.

The farms now occupied by Daniel and Alexander Mc- Intosh, upon section 35, are upon land taken up by William McIntosh, adjoiuing whom Daniel McIntosh was a settler upon the place now owned by his son-in-law, Hugh Jack. Duncan Frazer located upon section 26 in 1804. He was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church, as was his son John, - now deceased, - who occupied the farm after him. James McIntosh settled upon the same section where his son Alexander now lives.

The southeast quarter of section 23 was taken up by Jesse Williams, whose son William now owns it. Adjoining Williams was Angus McIntosh, who sold the place to Edward Powers, whose widow still lives there.

The northwest quarter of section 23, now occupied by the heirs of John Crawford, was entered by Jacob Vanlossan, who was one of the original trustees of the Yellow Creek Presbyterian church. Yanfossan's son, Arnold, settled upon the southwest quarter of the same section, now occupied by John Patterson. In 1804, Andrew Smith, a Scot, settled upon section 34, near the Yellow Creek line. He was for many years a justice of the peace; one of the earliest school-teachers in those parts; a general attorney for the Scotch settlement ; a ruling elder in the Presbyto- rian church ; and a widely-known citizen. His old farm is now owned by Andrew Kerr. The farm on the west, owned by Duncan Smith, was first entered by Daniel Mc- Intosh.

Alexander F. McIntosh settled upon the northeast quarter of section 34, where his widow now lives. The northwest quarter was settled by Hugh McBane, and is now owned by Daniel McBane, who owns also the southwest quarter, where Francis McBane was an early settler. The southeast quarter of section 27, occupied by Hugh Rose, was entered by John McDonald, known as the " foxhunter," from his earlier pursuit in Scotland. Upon the two quarter -sections in sections 22 and 27, owned by the Long's Run Oil Company, the early settlers were John McBane and Jacob Welsh. John McGillivray, upon section 22, occupies the place settled by John McDonald, and upon the adjoining quarter on the west Daniel Smith was a settler where his heirs now reside. Daniel Davidson located in 1817 upon the southwest corner of section 22, where his son James now lives. Charles McLean entered in 1805 the northwest quarter of section 27, where John McLean and Philip McLean's widow now reside.

The land now occupied by the village of Glasgow was originally entered by William McBane, who settled in 1805. His farm is now owned by the heirs of Alexander McBane, long known as Squire McBane.

28, George Ogilvie, Sr., Andrew Adams, Charles McLean, and Angus McBane were the first settlers. Angus Mc- Bane entered also the quarter in section 21 now owned by Jonathan Mick. F. McIntosh lives on section 21 where Duncan Davidson settled, and where subsequently Daniel McIntosh, Sr., resided. Mr. McIntosh was an elder in the Yellow Creek church, and lived in Madison until his death. The adjoining quarter on the north was originally set apart as school land, and was sold to Arnold Vanfossan, from whom it descended to his grandson, Joseph Vanfossan, the present owner. John Stewart, who settled upon section 21, was a carpenter, and put the roof upon the first Yellow Creek church.

Robert McCready, of Washington Co., Pa., entered the east half of section 32, now the property of his grandson Joseph, wTho acquired the property from his father, Joseph, who had thirteen children, of whom three - Robert, David, and one other - were college graduates. The southwest quarter was entered by Alexander Noble, and on the north Daniel Frazer was a settler. He subsequently removed to Kansas, where he is said to be still living. Upon section

29, Farquhar Shaw, of Scotland, settled where John Mc- Bain lives ; Thomas Coburn, where Alexander McIntosh lives ; Alexander Cameron, upon the farm now owned by John Mick ; and James Douglass, upon the quarter owned now by James McMillan.

The settlers upon section 20 were Abraham Ketcham, of Maryland, and Robert Wright. James McKenzie, one of Madison's early settlers, located upon section 31 in 1807, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and died at the age of ninetynine. He was with Harrison at the battle of the Thames, in Canada, and thence assisted in conveying seven hundred prisoners to Pittsburgh. One of his sons, Hon. N. B. Mc- Kenzie, was a State senator for some years, and is now postmaster at Wellsville, Ohio. Samuel Thompson and John McKenzie were also settlers upon section 31. Upon section 30, the first settlers were James McIntosh, John McGillivray, Henry Felgar, Mr. Iddings, and John Cameron. Upon section 19, James Norris, Samuel McCormick, James Beeson, and James Cooper located about the same time. Among the early settlers in the neighborhood of the present village of West Point were William McLane and Rev. E. N. Scroggs. Mr. McLane sold a piece of land to William Hillis, who built a hewed log house and prepared to open a blacksmith-shop, but he died before he could set the enterprise in motion. Henry Bough bought the land and kept tavern there for many years. The William McLane alluded to settled in the township in 1814, and, from 1815 to 1827, was a justice of the peace. His eldest son, John, settled on section 4 in 1816, and two of his other sons, - -he had ten in all, - Daniel and Samuel, became preachers in the Associate Presbyterian church.

Samuel Martin, who settled upon section 9 in 1808, was a captain in the war of 1812. One of the sons of the Rev. E. H. Scroggs, who settled upon section 9, became county auditor. William Morrison, an early settler, kept tavern upon the northwest quarter of section 10, now owned by Joseph Brown. This tavern was on the Georgetown road, and for many years was a notable resort, especially as the scene of military musters. George McCormick, upon section 7, and Anthony Shafer, upon section 9, were also among the early settlers.

Charles Rose, an early settler in St. Clair township, and soon afterward a settler in Madison, was born in Scotland, upon the battle-field of Culloden. In 1804, with his wife and nine children, he left Greenock, Scotland, aboard the brig11 Brandywine," of which one Mark Collins, an Irishman, was captain ; and a jolly captain he was, too, so report hath it. Mr. Rose was accompanied, among others, by the families of Francis Grimes and Alex. McGillivray, who settled in Madison. They landed at New York, and crossed the Alleghanies from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh in wagons, the trip occupying twenty-one days. Six dollars and a half per hundred was the price they had to pay for transporting their baggage across the mountains, and a good round sum it cost them.

Previous to the emigration of Charles Rose and his companions, John Rose, Alexander McDonald, and Daniel Mc- Coy came over from Scotland, in 1803, and located in Madison.

Charles Rose settled in 1804 in that portion of St. Clair now within the limits of Liverpool, whence he removed in 1811, temporarily, to Wayne Co., Ohio, but in 1815 he returned to Columbiana, and settled upon the place now occupied by his son William, in section 25, Madison township. William Rose, just mentioned, has reached the ripe age of eighty-seven, and is still an active, energetic man, with a deep-rooted affection for the land of his birth, its traditions, and the religious teachings of the Scotch Presbyterian Church.

settlement), William McIntosh, wife, and family, Alexander Smith, father of William McIntosh's wife, Daniel Smith and wife, and Duncan Frazer, with wife and three children, shipped from Greenock, Scotland, in 1804, for Baltimore, Maryland, purposing to locate in the Scotch settlement, now in Madison township. Instead of conveying the ship to Baltimore, as he had agreed, the captain landed at Charleston, S. C., and at that time the city was plaguestricken with the yellow fever. The Scotch emigrants speedily embarked in a ship for Baltimore, but had not proceeded far before their vessel was wrecked. Happily, the passengers were cast ashore, and of their number lost but one by the disaster. Their next attempt to reach Ohio was more successful, and, although their journey was a tedious one and hazardous, they arrived at the settlement without further diminution of numbers, and entered promptly upon the active duties of pioneers.

Many interesting stories are extant concerning the unhappy experiences and trials of the pioneers of Madison upon the eve of their embarkation at Scotland for America, and how they were pursued and persecuted by those who sought to impress them into the English naval service. Many were indeed captured while making ready to sail, and even on shipboard, and forced to serve in the navy until England and France were at peace again. Alexander Chisholm was thus taken from on board the ship upon which he proposed to sail for America, and, despite the efforts of himself and his friends, who sought to conceal him from the pursuit of the press-gang, he was compelled to see the ship sail without him, and to defer his promised departure two years.

A story is told of an exciting Indian alarm raised by William McIntosh in 1812 or 1813. McIntosh, who was somewhat deaf, thought, while visiting some friends in the northern part of the township, he heard some talk about an expected Indian raid, and, hurrying home as fast as he could, he soon spread in the neighborhood the news that the savages were close at hand, and might be looked for at any moment. The settlers, already worried by the war then in progress, were quick to take the alarm, and, devising immediate measures to conceal what valuables they possessed, collected in numbers at certain houses and prepared to make a defense against the savage attack. Some went even so far as to leave the township for the river settlements ; but, as it happened, the scare was a needless one, since the Indians never apipeared, but the anxiety and fear for twenty-four hours were somewhat harassing, until it was learned that McIntosh had mistaken a casual reference to Indian misdeeds elsewhere for certain expectation of trouble in that neighborhood. The narration of this circumstance shows, however, how the settlers of those days must have been oppressed by a sense of insecurity, and how they were constantly apprehensive of danger.

The Indians never troubled the settlers much, except as beggarly, idle, and dissolute neighbors, always ready to steal rather than work, and quarrelsome when drunk. The tragedy in which White Eyes was slain by young Carpenter occurred in this township.*

Madison sent several volunteers into the war of 1812, among them being Daniel McCoy, Jesse Williams, James McKenzie, Samuel Martin, Duncan McDonald, and Angus McDonald. It may be noted that Angus McBane, who settled in that part of St. Clair now called Liverpool, about 1801, was the pioneer who led the way to the Scotch settlement, for it was his excellent report to his friends in Sootland that led to the emigration at once of a number of Scotch families, the first three to follow him being those of George Ogilvie, Alexander McIntosh, and William Forsyth.

Hoads were not common even as late as 1811. Horsepaths were plentiful, and, necessarily, horseback was a popular mode of travel. The early settlers cared more for clearing their farms and cultivating the ground than they did for roads, and so did not exert themselves on behalf of highways, for the construction of which, indeed, they probably thought they could at best illy afford any financial assistance.

The first physician in Madison was Dr. D. Marquis, who practiced in the neighborhood of West Point, where he lived. The physicians who succeeded him were Drs. McDowel, Hart, J. J. Ikard, Ball, Sage, and Williams.

Previous to 1810 the settlers in Madison had no gristmill at home, and were compelled to go to Beaver's Mills and other places to mill. In the year named, John Guthrie built a grist-mill on Brush Bun, and in the latter part of the same year Henry Brough put up a grist-mill on the west fork of Beaver Creek, near West Point.

In 1811, William Crawford built a grist- and saw-mill below Williamsport. David Hanna put up a carding-machine on the creek north of the Georgetown road, and not long after that James Cocker put up a similar machine lower down on the same stream. William McLane built a bridge across the creek in 1815, near Bough's mill, at what is now West Point. Aaron Brooks built a grist-mill on the west fork of Beaver at an early date, and in 1 837 sold to Mr. Hamilton, after whom the property passed to parties who proposed to bore for oil there, but abandoned the project and sold the mill to Wellsville people, by whom it was removed to the latter place and made to do duty as a steammill.

John Smith kept an early tavern on the old Georgetown road, near the place now occupied by the " township-line" school-house, and about the same time a Mr. Morrison kept a tavern at West Beaver.

The first election for justice of the peace and constable was held at the house of Jacob Vonfossan, on section 23, in 1811, when Kichard Gilson was chosen justice of the peace, and Jacob Vonfossan, Jr., constable.

James McKenzie, already alluded to, came over from Scotland in the ship "Curlew" in 1801 , and landed at Baltimore. With him were the families of John McIntosh, Alexander Cameron, Alexander Chisholm, John A. McBane, and Alexander McIntosh.

It was from the " Curlew" that Alexander Cameron and Alexander Chisholm were taken with nine others (all Scotchmen destined for America) by the English pressgang and forced to serve in the English navy. Chisholm was released at the end of two years by reason of illness, and became afterwards a settler in Madison, according to his original purpose. Cameron was, however, kept in the service sixteen years, and then got his freedom therefrom only by escaping.

John McIntosh, who came over from Scotland in the "Curlew" in 1801, settled in 1804 in what is now Madison township, upon section 35, where John McIntosh, his son, now lives. With his family, the elder McIntosh passed over the mountains from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh in wagons, floated down the river to Wellsville, and thence to the Scotch settlement, packed their goods across the hills upon horses' backs, and themselves went afoot. A portion of the path which they traversed on that occasion is still visible, says John McIntosh, now living upon the old place.

Organization

Madison township was organized June 12, 1809, and is the only one of the southern tier of townships in the county containing an area of six miles square, its original territory. Thomas George was the first collector, and in the first year after the township organization the tax assessed was but $35.70.

The early records of the township have been lost, and the list, therefore, of trustees, treasurers, and clerks who have served the township dates only from 1858, as follows :

Madison contains within its limits three villages, called respectively, Glasgow, West Point, and Williamsport, the two first named of which have post-offices.

although the smallest settlement of the three, was laid out first, the date of its plat being Aug. 15, 1835, and its original proprietor William Crawford, an early settler in the township, and builder of the first mill in that neighborhood. The name he gave the town was doubtless in pursuance of a desire to perpetuate his own name of William.

The village of Glasgow was platted some time in March, 1852, by William McBane. This place is but a small rural settlement, but contains a thrifty and measurably prosperous community, whose pursuits are chiefly agricultural.

West Point

in the neighborhood of oil-producing wells, is not recorded upon the county records as ever having been platted. It contains but few houses and one store, which has, however, considerable trade with a good neighboring country.

Post-Offices

West Point was made a postal station in 1836, when Jacob Stewart was appointed postmaster. He held the office for about twenty years, and was succeeded by Wilson Stewart, whose successors to 1879 were Hezekiah Ben net, Dr. Marquis, William Patterson, John Miller, Jonathan Warrick, William Dalzell, John Kerr, and H. J. Bough, the latter being the incumbent July 1, 1879.

A post-office was first established at Glasgow in 1837. The first postmaster was John McBane, who served until his death, when his brother Alexander received the appointment, and held it until his death, in J875, when John Lewis, the present appointee, entered the office.

By reason of the strong religious tendencies of the Scotch settlers, who were the first to people what is now Madison township, church interests began to develop there at a very early day, and in the Scotch settlement they received earnest attention almost directly after the entrance of the pioneers.

The sturdy Scots were strongly imbued with the value of religious observances, and, rigid in their views, esteemed their duty not begun until they had set on foot vigorous measures looking to the renewal in the New World of the public observation of that religious faith to which in the Old World they had all their lives been closely wedded. Presbyterian was their faith, and the Presbyterian church was therefore the first religious organization in the township of Madison. That church has continued to the present to predominate in Madison, and, of the four church organizations within the township, the Presbyterians have three, the fourth being a Methodist, which draws support from neighboring townships.

Yellow Creek Presbyterian Church

The families who came over from the Highlands of Scotland and settled upon the east end of what is known as the Scotch settlement, in Madison township, in 1802, were members of the Presbyterian Church in Scotland, one of them, Alexander McIntosh, having been a ruling elder.

These families brought with them, besides certificates of membership from the churches with which they had been connected, Bibles in the Gaelic and English, as well as the Psalms in metre in both languages, " Confession of Faith," and catechisms, and it will therefore be understood that they were a people who, in whatever country or whatever their condition, would hasten to devise means for public worship.

As soon as Alexander McIntosh completed his log cabin, he gave notice that arrangements would be perfected for holding religious services therein on the Sabbath, and preaching was at once provided, while at the same time application was made for admission to the Presbytery and for a " supply."

The request was promptly granted, and a supply was sent from Western Pennsylvania. Worship was attended by all the settlers at the house of Alexander McIntosh until about 1801. The families living at that time in the western part of the settlement for convenience held religious services in the house of William McIntosh.

These houses were used during the winter seasons, but in the summer the people erected tents in the woods and enjoyed open air worship whenever the weather permitted.

Among the ministers who preached in the "settlement" (the first beginning in 1802) were Revs. Scott, Patterson, Mercer, Cook, Vallandigham, Duncan, Hughes, Imbrie, White, Snodgrass, and Wright.

Very soon after Elder McIntosh got his log cabin up, and likely enough previous to that time, the people of the settlement sent out to Scotland asking Rev. Alexander Denound to come over and take pastoral charge of the community. In response to this petition, Mr. Denound set out for America, intending to locate among those who had sent for him, but, passing through the Genesee country, in the State of New York, en route to Ohio, he was persuaded to abide there in the ministry, and there he remained as preacher until his death, twenty-seven years afterwards. The inhabitants of the Scotch settlement felt sorely grieved that Mr. Denound failed them, and made subsequent efforts to change his purpose, but all to no avail. Later on be visited Madison, and preached there on two occasions, making, however, only brief visits. Several of the early preachers discoursed in (he Gaelic, and of these a prominent minister was Rev. Mr. Robertson. The first sacrament, says one authority, was administered in a tent on John Campbell's place in 1805, Revs. Hughes, Scott, and McMillan being present on the occasion. Another authority has it that Rev. Thomas E. Hughes officiated alone at the first communion in the Scotch settlement, and that it was held in Alexander McIntosh's barn. The first structure erected exclusively for purposes of religious worship stood upon the farm now owned by Alexander McBane, of Yellow Creek township, near the old grave-yard. There was preaching also in the house of George Ogilvie, and shortly thereafter, consequent upon some protracted discussion touching the location of the church-building, and some dissensions as well, a log house known as the " Buckwheat-straw church" (because it was thatched with buckwheat-straw) was put up on the place now occupied by Daniel McKenzie.

About 1815 it was arranged to have a central place of worship where all the people could worship in common, the settlers having meanwhile multiplied and being all from Scotland, and, although preaching could not be had every Sabbath, frequent supplies were received, and regular Sabbath meetings were invariably held. In addition to the Sabbath meetings, prayer-meetings were held each alternate Thursday in every month.

The first stated supply was the Rev. Mr. Cook, who served half of the time in 1811 and 1812. The next stated supply was Rev. Mr. Robertson, who preached every Sabbath from 1818 for three years, and following him the stated supplies were Revs. Messrs. Dilworth and Campbell.

The first settled pastor was Rev. Mr. Cross, and after him the pastors have been Revs. Moore, Martin, Swan, and Blackford, the latter being the present pastor. The church society was incorporated 1825, with Andrew Smith, Daniel Smith, William Smith, Jacob Yanfossan, and Peter Ross as trustees.

The first church was erected in 1827, and this structure, after weathering the storms of fifty winters, was in 1878 replaced by the present handsome and commodious edifice, which occupies the site of the old church, upon a commanding elevation, and whose graceful spire, rising to the height of 90 feet from the ground, is visible from far away.

After Alexander McIntosh, who was the only ruling elder for several years, the elders were Angus McBane, John McPherson, Daniel Smith, Andrew McGillivray, Daniel McCoy, Daniel McIntosh, Duncan Fraser, Alexander Chisholm, Alexander McDonald, William Creighton, Andrew Smith, Peter Ross, Darnel McIntosh, John Fraser, Daniel McQueen, Daniel Smith, John Falconer, Duncan Smith, the three latter being the present elders.

West Beaver United Presbyterian Church

The Associate Presbyterian congregation of West Beaver was organized about the year 1806, when the congregation was under the jurisdiction of the Presbytery of Chartiers. In 1808 the Presbytery appointed Rev. Mr. Pringle to preach at the West Beaver branch of Little Beaver on the last Sabbath in November. Preaching was more frequently enjoyed after that, and in September, 1813, Rev. Joseph Scroggs was appointed to preach the fourth Sabbath in November and the first Sabbath in September. In April, 1811, the Presbytery granted a petition for supplies and the dispensation of the Lord's Supper at West Beaver. -Among the supplies were Revs. Mr. Imbrie, Joseph Scroggs, Pringle, Blair, Douan, Douglass, E. N. Scroggs, and others.

The first settled pastor was Rev. E. N. Scroggs, who entered upon his labors Aug. 1, 1820, although lie was not ordained until the following November, lie was at the same time ordained pastor of the cburches at Calcutta and " Four-Mile." worship. Among those who were prominently connected with the church were H. Gaston, Sr., II. Gaston, Jr., Jos. Lyons, Wm. McCammon, John McCammon, Mathias Schurts, James McCaskey, Joseph Fife, and Robert Glenn.

The organization became somewhat divided in 1838, and in that year it was dissolved, a portion of the members joining the church at Clarkston, and the residue going over to the Madison church.

Mr. Scroggs remained the pastor until 1838, when he resigned and was succeeded by Rev. J. W. Harsha, who was ordained in 1840. Rev. S. T. Herron followed him in 1846, and preached until 1867, when the introduction of politics into his sermons caused dissensions in the congregation, and he retired. Rev. J. II. Leiper succeeded him in 1868, and in 1877 Rev. H. H. Brownlee, the present pastor, assumed charge.

Until 1821 public worship was chiefly held in a whiteoak grove on John Guthrie's place, half a mile north of West Point. In that year, William Reed and Henry Benner having donated two acres of land on section 18, a hewed log church-building was erected there, and there, too, the congregation laid out the burying-ground now in use. The church was replaced in 1851 by the substantial frame edifice now occupying the same site. John Armstrong and Thomas Roseburg were the first elders, and served from 1806 to 1814. All the settled pastors of the congregation, except Rev. E. N. Scroggs, are living.

The Methodist Episcopal Church

The organization known as the Methodist Episcopal church of Williamsport was founded as early as 1820, when a class was organized at the house of William Crawford, in Madison township, under the leadership of Joseph Kernan.

Services were held at Mr. Crawford's house for some years, and, although preaching was at that time not easily obtainable, occasional services were enjoyed. The first minister who was regularly in charge was Rev. Mr. Bronson, who is said to have been a faithful and energetic worker, under whose ministrations the little band of Methodists prospered and grew in strength.

The members included people from not only Madison township, but from adjoining townships as well, and in 1838 - up to which time worship had been held in Mr. Crawford's house - it was decided to build a house of worship at what is now Williamsport, - a location of more general convenience. At this time the church numbered about 40 members.

Rev. James M. Bray preached the sermon at the dedication of the new church-edifice, and, after that, among those who were pastors in that house were Revs. Callender, M. L. Wickley, Henderson, Ansley, John Huston, Andrew Huston, and Mr. Crouse.

In 1871 it was determined to build a new church, and to accommodate the large proportion of members from Middleton, Elk Run, and St. Clair townships, the structure was erected upon the four corners made by Madison, Middleton, Elk Run, and St. Clair townships, and there it now stands. The first pastor therein was Rev. A. J. Lane, since whom the pastors have been Revs. Leggett, John Huston, Bedall, Jas. M. Bray, and Mr. Kulp, the latter being in charge in May, 1879. The church is prosperous-, and has a membership of 74.

The Middle Beaver Church

About 1830, or perhaps before, a Presbyterian church, known as the Middle Beaver church, was organized, and the members directly thereafter built a frame house of

Madison Church

In the year 1838, Wm. Brown and James McCaskey donated a piece of land in section 10 for the purpose of erecting a new church as the foundation for a new congregation, the reasons therefor being that many settlers in the northern part of the township desired a place of worship near at home.

The church was erected in 1838, and Dec. 27, 1838, the Madison Presbyterian congregation, with 21 members, was organized by the New Lisbon Presbytery. The first elders chosen were George Livingston, Samuel McDewitt, and Daniel Crawford. The first stated supply was Rev. J. B. Graham, who preached here half his time from 1838 to 1842. The first pastor was Rev. Wm. McCarty, who served from 1843 to 1845. Revs. Thomas McGill and A. O. Patterson preached between 1845 and 1847, from which time Rev. Mirvin Johnson supplied the pulpit until 1853. Rev. Mr. Price followed him, and after him Revs. David Robinson, Wm. Laverty, Robert Hayes, William Dickson, Wm. Dalzell, and David Hargest, the latter being the present pastor.

In addition to the elders first chosen, other elders have been John Croft, Peter Campbell, Edward Crawford, Robert Glenn, Philip March, John Queen, Peter Treflinger, John Travis, Daniel Crawford, George Robinson, Jesse Glenn, and Rufus Blair.

One of the first teachers in the Scotch settlement was John McBane, who taught in an old log school-house on what was called Devore's Run. McBane was a young man, and a student in Jefferson College, in Pennsylvania. During college vacations he taught in the Scotch settlement, studying law meanwhile. He is reported to have been very strict in his discipline, and by some was regarded as unnecessarily severe in his system. He became afterwards a physician of some note in Cadiz, Ohio.

John Grant taught several years on the place now owned by Samuel Mick. John Elliott taught in various places, as did Daniel Smith ; the latter, who was regarded as a model pedagogue, removing afterwards to Canada.

The educational advantages of that time were not what would uow be called good, nor were the opportunities for enjoying them frequent or of very long duration. About three months' schooling per year was as much as the most ardent pupil hoped for, and it was as much as any of them received. The school-books were the simplest, and the log school-houses of exceedingly primitive construction, with slabs for desks and benches and greased paper for window-panes. Tradition says, however, that the scholars were very much in earnest when they went to school, and improved their limited time and opportunities in such a way that in the course of time, from the ranks of those very pupils, rose competent teachers, who achieved favorable notice abroad as well as at home.

The first grave-yard laid out in the Scotch settlement occupied a lot which was partly on Alex. McIntosh's place and partly on Andrew McPherson's. When the townshipline was run between Yellow Creek and Madison, it passed through the centre of the grave-yard, which may still be seen upon the farm of Mr. Alex. M. Bane, in Yellow Creek township, on section 6. In 1804, only two graves were there, - those of Mrs. Forsyth and a child of Alex. McIntosh, the first persons buried there. The next burial ground was laid out upon John Smith's farm, where there was also to be a church, but the church was not erected. The Yellow Creek church cemetery, laid out in 1827, still remains the general grave-yard used by the Scotch settlement. It is a neatly-kept and prettily-attractive spot, wherein the ashes of many of the Scotch pioneers repose amid such surroundings as seem peculiarly appropriate to a country church-yard, where time-worn headstones stand half buried in luxuriant grass, or sheltered by the rich foliage of noble-looking trees. Besides this ground, there are others in the township, - at the West Beaver church, Madison church, and other places, as well as family burying-grounds of the olden time.

The first person buried in the Yellow Creek church-yard was Jeannette, daughter of " Prophet" McLean. About that time there was a commotion about certain " bodysnatchers," who in the interest of a few physicians had been robbing grave-yards for " subjects the friends of the Mc- Leans, determined that the grave of the young lady should not be desecrated, watched by it day and night for some

Public Men

Madison has furnished many excellent citizens for the occupation of public office without the township limits. John Quinn and Philip March have been State legislators, Thomas Creighton was associate judge, Joseph Irwin and James McCaskey county commissioners, John Reid probate judge, Capt. H. Wines (?) and J. H. Quinn county treasurers, and J. J. Scroggs county auditor.

Sheep and cattle are raised to a considerable extent, while the land, which is in many parts richly productive, yields bountifully, of corn, oats, and wheat.

Attempts have been made to find oil, and several wells have been sunk, but thus far the ventures have not proved very successful. In 1865 a Pittsburgh corporation, known as the Long's Run Oil Company, sunk a well to the depth of four hundred feet, and one in 1866 to the depth of eight hundred feet, upon land lying in sections 27 and 22. Although indications of oil were plentifully shown, oil itself was not found, and efforts to find it in that locality have not been renewed since 1866.

A number of farmers residing near West Point organized a company in that vicinity in 1877 for the purpose of boring for oil at that point. They went down one thousand and three feet, and, after striking in small quantity a heavy kind of oil, rested temporarily. It is the belief among many that oil in paying volume exists in this well at a lower depth, but some of the owners are incredulous, and, declining to make further investments, the enterprise is at a stand-still.

Sorghum-growing received at one time, not long ago, considerable attention at the hands of farmers in the northern part of the township. Eells, George & Co. put up a sorghummill on section 10, and made at first considerable molasses. Latterly there has not been much done in this direction.

Brown, Henry D., son of Joseph and Margaret (Dobson) Brown, b. England, 1812, s. Columbiana Co. 1832, Farmer and School-Teacher, p. o. add. West Point.

Blackford, J. H., son of Joseph and Isabella (Lattimer) Blackford, b. Belmont Co., Ohio, 1834, s. Columbiana Co. 1876, Pastor Presbyterian Church, p. o. add. Glasgow.

McLane, David, son of William and Eleanor i Martin; McLane, b. Washington Co., Pa., lbOO, s. Columbiana Co. 1814, Farmer, p. o. add. West Point.

» McCormick, J. C., son of John P. and Martha (Archer) McCormick, b. Washington Co., Pa., 1840, s. Columbiana Co. 1840, Farmer, p. o. add. Glasgow, v McCoi mick, John, son of Samuel and Jane ^ Borland) McCormick, b. Washington Co., Pa., 1812, s. Columbiana Co. 1814, Farmer, p. o. add. Glasgow.

Source changes here: from History of Columbiana County, Ohio and Representative Citizens, by McCord, William B., B, published 1905; 8,650 words in this source stream.

Madison Township

Is township 10. in range. 2. in half of Columbiana Couutv. It larger class of tow nships in the county. I)eing six miles square. The surface is rugged, many of the hills being still forest covered, but the soil is fertile. Round Knob, mentioned elsewhere in this work, is one of the highest points in the State; and besides this there are many other elevations in the township which afford delightful prospects. The west fork of Beaver Creek flows through a good portion of the township - its course being winding - from the western line to the northeast corner at Williamsport. Bituminous coal of an excellent quality is found underlying nearly all the hills. It had not been worked extensively prior to 1905. but several railroad movements were 011 foot, mention of which is made in other chapters, for the purpose of the development of the coal and other mineral resources.

Madison township was settled very early in the iyth century, largely by a thrifty and hardy class of people from the Highlands of Scotland. The tract taken up hy these men was chiefly in Madison township: but as the "Scotch Settlement."' as it was known tor a century or more, measured about 10 miles in length and from three to five miles in width, it extended some distance into Yellow Creek and St. Clair townships. It is related that Angus McBatfe. who about t8ot settled iti St. Clair township, was the pioneer who led the way to the "Scotch Settlement." for it was his excellent report to his friends in Scotland that led to the emigration at once of a number of Scotch families, the first three to follow him being those of George Ogilvic, Alexander Mcintosh and William Forsyth. Among the first to locate in the settlement was Andrew McPherson. who came over in 1802. with two sons and two daughters. Me took up the southeast quarter of section 30, Alexander McDonald settled on the northwest quarter of section 36. °'< the farm later occupied by Andrew McPherson, grandson of Andrew McPherson before mentioned. The northeast quarter of section 21 was entered by James Mcintosh, and upon the same section William Monroe and Kvan Mcintosh were early settlers. John McPhail settled in 1802 on the northwest quarter of section 36. He sold to John Campbell, who came river in 1813. William Falconer, who came from Scotland in 1804, located on section 35. and the place owned later by Samuel Mick was settled by Daniel McCoy in 1803. McCoy was a soldier under General Harrison and a prominent member of the settlement. William and Daniel Mcintosh located on section 35, and Duncan Frascr in 1S04 settled on section 26, James Mcintosh locating on the same section soon after. In 1804 Andrew Smith settled on section 34. He was for many years a justice of the peace and for sonic time a school teacher. The northwest quarter of section 23 was entered by Jacob Van Fossan. The southeast quarter of section 23 was taken up by Jesse Williams, whose heirs still owned ami occupied it in 1905. Adjoining Williams' place was that of Angus Mcintosh, who sold to Edward Powers, whose widow and cluldren still owned the farm near the close of the century.

The land now occupied by the village of Glasgow was originally entered by William Mc- Bane, who settled in 1805. Alexander Mcintosh early settled on the northeast1 quarter of section 34, while the northwest quarter was seti tied by Hugh McBane, and Francis Me Banc occupied the southwest quarter. John McBane ; and Jacob Welsh settled on parts of sections 22 i and 27. John McGillivray occupied a quarter : in section 22. Daniel Davidson located in 1817 on the southwest quarter of section 22, and Charles McLean entered in 1805 the north- - west quarter of section 25. Robert Mc- ; Cready, from Washington County, Pcnnsyl- '' vania. entered the east half of section 32, which in 1885 was occupied by his grandson, Joseph, who had acquired it from his father, Joseph. Joseph McCready the elder had 13 children, I three of the sons being college graduates. The i southwest quarter of section 32 was entered by j Alexander Noble and on the northwest quarter Alexander Frascr was a settler. Alexander Cameron settled on the farm later owned by j John Mick, and James Douglas on the quarter I owned later by James McMillan. Angus Mc- Bane entered the quarter of section 21, later owned by Jonathan Mick. Duncan Davidson settled where subsequently Daniel Mcintosh and F. Mcintosh resided. The settlers on : section 20 were Abraham Kctchum and Robert ' Wright. James McKenzie, one of Madison township's early settlers, located on section 31 in 1807, was a soldier in the War of 1812. and lived to see his 93rd year. One of his sons. Hon. N. K. McKcnzie. represented his senatorial district in the Upper House of the Ohio Legislature for two terms, was afterwards postmaster of Wellsville, and in 1905 was still living in Wellsville at the age of 87. John Mc- Kenzie and Samuel Thompson were also settlers on section 31. On section 30 the first settlers were James Mcintosh, John McGillivray. Henry Felgar, Henry Iddings and John Cam- I eron. On section 19 James X orris, Samuel ! McConnick, James Beeson and James Cooper ! located ahout the same time. Among the early : settlers in the neighborhood of the site of the : village of West Point were William McLane and Rev. E. X. Scroggs. Henry Bough bought a piece of land and o(>encd a tavern, which he kept for many years. William McLane settled 1 in the township in 1814. and during the, period from 1815 to 1827 was justice of the jwace. His eldest son, John, settled on section 4 in 1816. Samuel Martin, who settled on section 9 in 1808, was a captain in the War of 181 2. J. J. Scroggs, son of Rev. F. X. Scroggs, who settled on section 9, served two terms as county , auditor in the early '70's. William Morrison, an early settler, kept a tavern on the northwest ! quarter of section to, which was afterward owned by Joseph Brown, said to lie the lust plowman in Columbiana County. The tavern referred to was on the Georgetown road, and for many years was a notable resort, especially as the scene of militia musters. George Mc- Connick. on section 7, and Anthony Shafer, on section 9. were also early settlers. Alexander McDonald and Daniel McCoy came over from Scotland in 1803 and located in Madison township. William Hose, of Madison township, who died in the '80' s at the age of 90 years, was one of the well-known and substantial citizens of the tow nship. 1 1 is father. Charles Rose, settled in 1804 in what at the time was a portion of St. Clair township, now within the limits of LiveqHiol, whence he removed tern- j porarily to Wayne County. Ohio, but in 1815 | he returned to Columbiana, and settled on the place in section 2; in Madison township, afterward owned by his son William.

"William Falconer and wife, Andrew Smith (a bachelor who afterward became a noted man in Madison's early settlement)." says Ensign's "'History of Columbiana County". "William Mcintosh, wife and family, Alexander Smith, father of William Mcintosh's wife, Daniel Smith and wife and Duncan Fraser. with w ife and three children, shipped from Greenock, Scotland, in 1804 for Baltimore, Maryland, purposing to locate in the 'Scotch Settlement' in Madison township. Instead of conveying the ship to Baltimore as he had agreed to do. the captain landed at Charleston. South Carolina, ami at that time the city was plague-stricken with yellow fever. The Scotch emigrants speedily emktrked in a ship lor Baltimore, hut had not proceeded far before their vessel was wrecked. Happily the passengers were cast ashore, and of their number lost but one by the disaster. Their next attempt to reach Ohio was more successful, and. although' their journey was a tedious one and hazardous they arrived at the settlement without further diminution of numbers, and entered promptly upon the active duties of pioneers. Many interesting stories are extant concerning the unhappy experiences ami trials of the pioneers of the 'Scotch Settlement' upon the eve of their emlvirkmcnt at Greenock for America, bow they w ere pursued and persecuted by those who sought to impress them into the English service. Many were captured while making ready to sail, some even when on shipboard, and were forced to serve in the English Xavy until England and France were at peace again. Alexander Chisholm was thus taken from on board the ship upon which he proposed to sail for America, and despite the. efforts of himself and friends, who sought to conceal him from the pursuit of the press-gang, he was compiled to see the ship sail w ithout him. and to defer his promised departure for two years."

Madison township furnished a number of volunteers for the War of iSu. among them K'ing Daniel McCoy. Jesse Williams. James McKcnzie. Samuel Martin. Duncan McDonald and Angus McDonald. The township also more than filled its quota of volunteers in the Civil War.

And Representative Citizens

was Dr. D. Marquis, who practiced in the neighborhood of West Point where he lived. Some of those who succeeded him were Drs. McDowell, Han. J. I. Ikirt (whose son. Dr. (jeorge P. Ikirt, served a term in Congress and was in 1905 practicing in East Liverpool), Ball. Sage and Williams.

The first election for justice of the peace and constable of the township was held in the house of Jacob Van Fossan on section 23, in 1X1 1, when Richard Gilson was chosen justice - if the peace and Jacob Van Fossan, Jr., constable.

The village of (ilasgow was platted in March. i8;_>. by William Mcliane. There is no record of West Point ever having l>een platted. Willtamsport was laid out m August, 1835. These are the only villages within the limits of Madison township: they are all rural settlements of from 20 to 50 houses, and range in size in the order named. West Point was traded a postofhee in 1836, and Glasgow in 1837.

The Scotch, in their fatherland, were strong in their religious beliefs and customs: and when the hardy and conscientious Highlanders came to the New World they brought their Bibles, the Confession of Faith and their consistent manhood with them. They therefore, naturally, as soon as they liecame located, set altout erecting the family altar and arranging for the public worship of God. Their faith was. as that of their fathers had been for generations. Calvinistic or Presbyterian.

A w riter in "The Pathfinders of Jefferson County." one of the Ohio Archaeological Society's publications, speaking of the work and influence of the Scotch and Scotch-Irish in the early days of Northeastern Ohio, says : "The prevailing belief that this race (the Scotch- Irish) is a result of a cross between the Scots and the Irish is erroneous. The Scotch-Irish are Scots who first settled in the North of Ireland, known as the Province of l ister. l)efore the third century. In Ireland they came under the influence of the C ross, and ulxnit the sixth century emigrated to North Britain, where they subjugated or crossed with the Pictish tribes; and then what hail lieen Caledonia liecame Scotland. While the perfidious King James was on the throne, he fell out w ith certain Irish nobles who |>ossessed l ister, and. confiscating their lands, colonized them w ith the Scots : and thus, after a thousand years, the Scot, who lx-- camc in Scotland the Irish-Scot, returned to the home of his fathers and thereafter was known as the Scotch-Irish. In these years infusion of new blood went on. adding traits of manhood lacking in the original stock, as gen- ' erations came and passed. The cross of the intellectual Irish, who hail kept the lamp aglow when all else in Western Europe was in chaotic darkness, with the physically robust Scot made a strong race: but as the years went by the

- Scot became the audacious Norman, whose spirit of adventure and enterprise, toned by the conservative Saxon strain, gave to his people the elements of character that have revolutionized the factors of progress. And these are the qualities of blood that distinguished this race when representativ es thereafter came to America and became the pathfinders of empire, the course of whose star is ev er westward. These

people were what is known in history as the I Covenanter stock, and they were disclipes of i John Calvin. John Knox and Melville, and . when they came to America the principles that j were burned into their hearts came w ith them, j 'The authority of kings and princes.' said John Knox, 'was originally derived from the people; the former are not superior to the latter: if the rulers become tyrannical, or employ their power to destroy their subjects, they may be lawfully controlled.' With this spirit the Scotch ami Scotch-Irish came to America, and. inspired by the truth of the utterance, they were the first to declare for American independence If we follow the footsteps of this people along the

- pathway that leads through the splendid advancement of the world's civilization, we follow them through every triumph of man's progress, and as Hume traced the source of thought to the law of association, we only need mention the result of research in any field of

In most of the Ohio counties the first churches built were almost invariably Presbyterian; and in Columbiana County the Presbyterians shared this distinction with the Friends, in different localities according as the settlers of these societies predominated But in Madison township, and as far as the "Scotch Settlement" extended, the early settlers were Presbyterian almost to a man.

Alexander Mcintosh, who had located in the settlement about 1802, hat! been an elder in the Presbyterian Church in Scotland. The first religious services were held in Alexander Mcintosh's log cabin, but application was soon made for admission to the presbytery, and for a supply. The request was granted, ami ministerial supplies furnished from Western Pennsylvania. Worship was attended by the settlers at Alexander Mcintosh's in the western part of the settlement, until 1804. The houses were used in the winter season and at other seasons in case of inclement weather . while in summer season tents were erected in the woods and used for public worship. Among the ministers who preached in the settlement ( tlje first lieing as early as 1802) were: Revs. Scott. Patterson. Mercer, Cook. Yallandigham, Duncan. Hughes, Imbrie. White. Snodgrass and Wright. The first sacrament of the Ix>rd's sup per, says one authority, was administered in a tent in John Campbell's place, in 1805, Revs. Hughes. Scott and McMillan Iteing present on the occasion. Another authority states that the first communion was held at Alexander Mcintosh's bam, and Rev. Thomas K, Hughes alone officiated.

The first house of worship was built in Yellow Creek township, near the old graveyard. Shortly afterward the noted old log house known as the "Buckwheat Straw House." was built. The first stated supply was Rev. Mr. C*>ok, who preached half time in t 8 1 1 and 181 2. The next was Rev. Mr. Rolx-rtson, wlw> preached every Sabbath from 1818 to 1821. Following him were Revs. DilKvorth and Campbell. The first settled pastor was Rev. Mr. Cross, and following him were Revs. Moore, Martin. J. X. Swan ( who was living a retired life at a good old age in East Liverpool in 1905)1 J. H. Blackford, J. 1). Owen, J. C. Kreusch. J. A. Calhoun, John R. Jones ( stated supply) and J. M. Oliver, the pastor in 1905.

The Yellow Creek Presbyterian Church was incorporate* 1 in 1825, with Andrew- Smith, Daniel Smith. William Smith, Jacob Van Fossan and Peter Ross as trustees. The first church building was erected in 1827, and this structure was replaced in 1878 by the large and handsome brick edifice still in use almost as good as new in 1905 : its graceful spire rises some 90 feet above the level of the church site, and can be seen from all directions for miles around. Alexander Mcintosh was the only ruling elder for several years. After him were Angus McBanc, John McPherson. Daniel Smith, Andrew Mc- Cillivrav. Daniel McCoy, Daniel Mcintosh, Duncan Fraser. Alexander Chisholm, Alexander McDonald. William Creighton, Andrew Smith. Peter Ross. John Fraser, Daniel Mc- Oucen. Daniel Smith. John Falconer and Duncan Smith. In 1905 the menilwrs of the session were: Min A. Noble. P. X. McLean, T W. Fraser. C. V. Wilcoxen, John Campbell and D. A. Smith.

The Assm-iate Reform congregation of West Beaver was organized aUiut the year 180O, the congregation l«?ing in the jurisdiction of the Presbytery of Charliers. In 1808 the prcshvterv appointed Rev. Mr. 1'riuglc to preach at the West Beaver branch of the Little Heaver »n the last Sabkith of Xovcmbcr. In September. 1813. Rev. Joseph Scroggs was appointed to preach on the fourth Sabbath in November and the lirst Sabbath in September. In April. 1S14, the presbytery granted a petition for supplies and the administering of the L>rd's Supper at West Reaver. Among the supplies were Revs. Imbrie. Joseph Scroggs. Pringle, , Hlair, Douan. Douglass and F. X. Scroggs. The last named, who was the first pastor, began his laUirs in the congregation .August I, 1820. The following Xoveml>cr he was ordained and installed pastor of the churches of West Reaver. Calcutta and Four Mile. Rev. Mr. Scroggs remained pastor until 1838. when he resigned and was succeeded by Rev. J. \V. Harsha, who was installed in 1S40. Rev. S. 1*. Herron followed the latter in 1846 and served the congregation until 1867. when some political dissensions in which he was involved were instmmental in his retirement. Rev. J. H. I.eiper succeeded him in 1868, and in 1877 Rev. II. II. Brownlee became pastor. I ."mil 1821 public worship was held chiefly in a white oak grove, on John Guthrie's place, a half mile north of West Point. In that year, William Reed and Henry I tenner having given two acres of land on section 18, a hewed-log church was built there, and there, too. the congregation laid out a burying-ground. which continued to be used in 1905, The church was replaced in 185 1 by a substantial frame edifice. John Armstrong and Thomas Roscburg were the first elders. The name of the church was changed from Associate Reform to United Presbyterian early in the '50s.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of Williamsport was founded in i8-'o. when a class was organized at the house 1.1 William Crawford, in Madison township, under the leadership of Joseph Kernan. Services were held at Mr. Crawford's house for some years, occasional preaching lieing enjoyed. The first minister regularly in charge was Rev. Mr. Bronson, under whose ministrations the little band grew and prospered spiritually. The membership included people from townships other than Madison. In 1838. up to which time services had been held in Mr. Crawford's house, it was decided to build a house of worship at what was afterward Williamson. At this time the mcml>ership numliered about 40. Rev. James M. Bray - who was still in the ministerial harness in the '80s - preached the senium dedicating the new house. Afterwards Revs. Callcnder. M. Wicklev. I lenderson, Ansley. John Huston, Andrew Huston and Cmusc were early pastors.

In 1871 it was decided to build a new church and to accommodate the memliers of the four townships the house was built at the intersection of Madrsou. Middleton, Elkrun and ?st. Clair townships. The fust pastor after the new church was built was Rev. A. J. Lane,

Alxiut 1830 a Presbyterian church known as the "Middle Beaver Church," was organized and a frame house was built. Among those connected with the church were: H. Gaston, Sr.. II. Gaston, Jr., Joseph Lyons, William McCanunon, John McCammon, Matthias Schurts. James McCaskey, Joseph Fife and Robert Glenn. The organization was dissolved in 1838 or 1839, a [jortion of the members uniting with the church at Clarkson and others with the Madison church.

In the year 1838 William Brown and James McCaskey donated a piece of land on section 10 for the purpose of erecting a new church. The house was built the same year, and dedicated December 27th. On the latter date the Madison Presbyterian congregation, with _*i members, organized by a committee appointed by the New Lisbon Presbytery. The first elders were George Livingstone, Samuel Mc- Dcvitt and Daniel Crawford. The first state d supply was Rev. J. B. Graham, who preached half time from 1838 to 1842. The first pastor installed was Rev. William McC-arty, who served from 1843 - ^45- Revs. Thomas Mc- ( id! and A. O. Patterson preached Ix-tween 1845 and 1847, from which time Rev. Mervin Johnson supplied the pulpit until 1853. Rev. James Price followed him and later pastors were: David Robinson, William Laverty, Roliert Mays (stated supply from 1886 to i Soot. William Dickson, William Dalzctl, David Hargest, C. L. McKee, J. L. Sheppard, J. F Laulbaum, S. J. Wallace and W. H. Khoadc-. who was pastor in 1905. The church building erected in 1 838 was replaced in 1 800 by the one still in use in 1905. In addition to the elders first chosen, subsequent meml>ers of the session were: John Croft. Peter Campliell, Edward Crawford. Robert Glenn, Philip March. John (Jueeii. Peter Treffinger. John 1 ravis, Daniel Craw lord, (ieorge Robinson, Jesse Glenn and R. A. Blair. In 1905 the members 01 the session were: John Brown. William Blair. Joseph Crawford, G. B. Lowrie. J. B. Crofts and Joseph Lowrie.

"Scotch Settlement" was John McBane, who taught in a log schoolhousc on Devore's Run. McBane was a student in Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, and taught in .Madison township during vacations. He afterward became a physician and practiced in Cadiz. Andrew Smith was an early pedagogue, who lived in .Madison township, but taught in Yellow Creek. John Grant taught several years on the place afterward owned by Samuel Mick. John Klliott and Daniel Smith were also among the early teachers in the settlement. Educational advantages in those days were of course limited as compared with those of a later day. Three months schooling out of the year was about all that the most fortunate could ex|>cct. The log schoolhouses were of the most primitive construction, with slabs for desks and lynches and greased paper for window lights.

MIUDLKTO.V TOW NSH iris known in the government survey as township 7, in range 1. It lies south of Unity, east of Elkrnn and north <<i St. Clair, borders on the east on the Pennsylvania State line, and contains 36 full sections. The surface is considerably broken: indeed, for the most part it is unite hilly. The soil is <|iiite variable, ami is adapted to a great variety of products, including fruits. The principal stream is the north fork of Beaver Creek, which enter- the township from the east, south of the center of section 1 2. and, alter flowing southwest a mile and a half and receiving the waters of Bull Creek, assumes a' generally southerly course. Bull Creek Hows from the northwest, taking in its course through Middleton the waters of Little Bull Creek and Leslie's Run. The other streams of the township are Brush Run. Rough Run. and Middle Beaver. The last named makes a small l>end into the township in the southeastern part of section 31. The natural drainage of the township makes it one of the healthiest in the county.

Many of the early settlers were "sijiiatters," who came over from Pennsylvania and located, under the impression that they could, as at that time in Pennsylvania, locate and hold their land by right of simple i>ossession. As a rule they were not of the most thrifty class of people. Some of these settlers were Benjamin Wright, John Wilson, Jacob Welker, Andrew Wisclev, Stephen Pearce, Joseph Watson, Benjamin Craige and John Iiackathom. The settlements were first made along the streams. John Leslie, who located in the northern part soon after 1800, was prolxibly what might be styled the first settler, although never prominently identified with the interests of the township. A few years later Aaron Brooks settled on section 14. and in 1805 Baltzer Young located on the same section with his family. He had sons named Jacob, John, Peter and Samuel, and three daughters, - Mary, Elizabeth ami Margaret. About i8o_> Job Russell settled on section 13, where he reared three sons, - Thomas, Caleb ami Job. On the same section were Abraham '/.., Joel. Levi and John Rogers and John Briggs. On section 12 the pioneers were John Richardson and his sons, - Samuel. John and Joseph. The last named removed to New Ltsl>on. ami was among the first settlers of that place. On the same section lived John Booth, Alexander Huston and Edward Earle as early as 1804. Tbe first named had sons named John. Isaac. Jeremiah, Hiram, William. Jacob and Ephraim (the family evidently having a fancy for Bible names, as had many others of their day ). On section 23 the settlers of that period were Levi Jennings. Francis Andrews and John Eakin, and on section 1 the settlers were John and George Grate and Thomas Barton. Afterward some of the Hustons and Burts settled there. Rev. John Burt, who came in iftu, had 13 children. The same year Hugh Eaton settled on this section. On section 10 the early settlers were Bernard Eeazle and Robert Billingsley. It is said that the latter crossed the Alleghanies in a wagon which had wooden tires. lie reared sons named Charles. George, John W.. Jefferson. Xewton and Amos S. Among the pioneers on section 3 w ere Thomas Rogers, who came in 1806; George Brown, who came in 1804, and Samuel Gorby and Henry Garrett. Pioneers on sections 4 and 9 were Benjamin Scott. Ambrose and Robert

Martin and Nathan, Joshua and John Crawford. Parley Bowen was a pioneer on section 5, and north, on the farm later occupied hy J. M. Rudibaugh. was Joseph Thompson as early as 1804. His son, Joseph, became prominent in State and county politics. James Mc- Artcr early settled on section 6, and on section 7 Aaron Borani and Stephen Cooper made the first improvements. On section 18 the first settlers were the Siddalls, and later Israel Cope, who died about 1875, aged 92 years. Adeti Morlan settled on section 8 in 1805. taking a tract of land which had been somewhat improved by a "squatter" named Gibbony. Jonathan Marsh settled on the same section in 1816, as did also James Marsh and James Crawford. On section 17 Jacob and Jonathan Heacock and Thomas McMillan were early settlers. Benjamin Pyle and his sons, Aaron, Henry and Ellwood; and John Edmundson. with his sons John, Jonathan, Eli, Amos, William, Nathan, Franklin and Hiram, settled early on sections 19 and 20. In 1808 Alexander Underwood settled on section 21, where he lived until his death. He had two sons, - Jesse and Alexander. Among the settlers who came after 1810 was Richard Fitz Randolph, who located on section 13, buying a tannery which had been established by Archibald Scott and -William Hamilton. He reared seven sons named Bailey, Reuben, Kersey, Jonathan, Richard, Eli and Joseph. These were some of the most enterprising citizens of that portion of the county. In 181 2 James Fitzsimmons entered the west half of section 25. In 1814 John Vale and his son Eli settled in the southwestern part of the tow nship. He died in 1879, aged almost 90 years - at the time the oldest man in the township. In this part of Middleton, among the early families were the Saints, Hustons, Guys, Ashfords, Shirtzes, Lyons, Tcnnisses, Hannas,. Stephens and others equally well known in the early history of the township. In 1828 there were more than 200 voters in the township.

The soil of the township is well adapted to the raising of orchard fruits and (jerries, especially in the northwestern portions, for many Vears fruit growing being really the principal industry of the people.

18. In November of that year William Heak! and Isaac Siddall laid out 14 lots and gave the name of Watcrford to the hamlet that was to be; but the attempt was a signal failure, not a single house Ixring built there at the time or for many years afterward. Near the same place was many years later started the small hamlet, of East Carmel, where a post office w as established in 1871. The Valley of Achor was the name given by Abraham Z. Rogers to a town which lie platted about 1806. The location of the State road over the ridge about a mile south of the place left it to languish. John W. White, Samuel Jackson and Richard Randolph kept stores during the early years. At the mills, which gave the locality some notoriety, was established a post office. Jacob Young was the first postmaster.

Clarkson was for many years the only village in the township. It was located on sections 29 and 30, being platted February 19, 18 16, for Robert Hanna by William Heald. The Clarkson post office w as established al>out 1839, Richard Stock being the first postmaster. Other early postmasters were Isaac Warrick, Samuel Casebeer, Moses Louthan and A. Campbell. As early as 1840 the village contained three stores, two churches, two taverns and 25 or 30 dwelling houses. In 1905 Clarkson was a thriving country village, but having neither railroad nor trolley line was seriously handicapped.

The village of Rogers was laid out in 1883 - shortly after the building of the P., L. & W. R. R. - on the west half of section 7. The original plat was made for T. G. Rogers, but several additions have been made. The village was incorporated in 1895. In 1905 O. D. Mc- Arter was mayor and W. M. Green, clerk, and the population was then about 500. In the matter of securing manufactories Rogers has not been remarkably successful. In 1895 John Ciould, H. A. Wise and N. J. Baker were given a bonus of $5,000, raised by the people, on condition of building a pottery. A 4-kiln pottery was built and started, but after Wing operated two or three years it was shut down and was idle for about three years. Then, the Bradshaw Brothers from East Liverpool having secured the pottery, an additional bonus of $1,100 was given them on condition that they should bind themselves to run the plant at least one year. This they did, but at the end of the year, to a day, there was a mysterious fire at the pottery, which burned to the ground and was a total loss. However, the Bradshaws had placed ! $17,000 insurance upon the plant; and while I the State fire marshal investigated the matter, : no incendiarism could be proven, the insurance was collected and the Bradshaws left for past- ! ures new. They, a little later, secured a large bonus at Nilcs, formed a stock company and built a |>ottery there. Meanwhile the brothers tore down the kilns and gathered up the brick from them and from the walls of the ruins, and took away, as it was expressed by a Rogers citzen afterwards, "everything but the holes in the ground where the kilns had stood." The entire transaction gave the little town a "black eye" from which it had not entirely recovered in 1905. Late in the century brick works were started by John W. Hall, of East Liverpool, under the style of the Furnace Brick Company, which have been quite successful. The mines of the Beaver Coal Company, owned bv New York men, were successfully operated for a number of years Init were not running in 1905. j The town in 1905 was supplied with two hotels \ (the Central and the Pioneer), a half dozen good stores but not a single saloon. Both the town and township had been "dry" from the incorporation of the village. Rogers special school district has a good school building of two rooms and three churches. The first church to lie established in Rogers was the 1 Christian Church - about the Ijeginning of 1 1889, of which Rev. G. W. Woodbury was , minister in charge; the second in point of time was the Methodist Episcopal Church, only a ' little later than the Christian organization - 1 Rev. P. A. Bright being pastor - and alxmt ! 1898. the Presbyterian Church - with Rev. Samuel Forbes in charge in 1905. These all had good and comfortahle houses of worship.

R. R. It was laid out along the railroad, occupying parts of sections 11 and 12 in the eastern part of Middleton township - being platted by T. J. Richardson about 1883. Additions were also laid out by J. T. Chaml>erlin and Samuel Richardson. In 1905 it had a population of about 4CK), but no village government. Its principal industries were clay and coal mines. It boasted of four good general stores, a good school building of three rooms and one church, the Methodist Episcopal, of which Rev. S. V. Boyle was the pastor (the congregation was organized in 1892).

Mount Hope College, Rogers, was established in 1883 by Prof. A. Y. Taylor. It has had a somewhat checkered career, but is beautifully located, and the high educational and moral standing of the people of the town and township being greatly in its favor, its best days are undoubtedly in the future. In 1894 the college building was burned, and it was rebuilt in 1894. The name was changed, that of Lincoln College being adopted. In 1905 the college organization had lapsed, but a summer normal school was held that year by Professor Crooks, of Lisbon.

The Achor Valley Baptist Church was the first religious organization in Middleton township. It was organized in August, 1804, with 14 memljers. In 1806 a meeting house was erected of round logs, and had a claplxwrd roof and ground floor. It had no doors or windows, and the scats were made of split logs. The attractive frame house in use in 1905 is the third one tniilt by the congregation.

The Cannet Meeting of Orthodox Friends was organized about 1810. Jacob Heacock donated a site upon which a log meeting house was built. A new house was built in 1835. which was partially destroyed by fire in 1845, and a frame addition was built to it in 1846.

Alxnit the year 1812 a class of Methodists was formed in the Stevens neighborhood in Middleton township, and in the course of a few years a church organization was formed, which was afterward known as Zion Hill Methodist Episcopal Church. The first meeting house, built alxmt 1828. was replaced in 1865 with a beautiful church edifice at a cost of $2,500.

The Fairvicw Methodist Episcopal Church was built, 011 section 31, in 1869, by a society which had been organized in Madison township, and prior to the foregoing date known as the VVilliamsport charge.

Largely through the instrumentality of John Burt, a Methodist local preacher, a society was formed about 1822, which some years later built a meeting house on section 1, the congregation being afterward known as the Burt Methodist Episcopal Church. The organization was disbanded in 1867, members taking their certificates to East Palestine.

The Hazelville society of the United Brethren in Christ was a small organization which, in 1850, erected a meeting house in the northeastern part of section 5.

The United Brethren in the central part of the township formed a class in 1864, meetings being held in the district schoolhouse. In 1871 a neat frame church bdilding was erected. In later years the congregation was quite a nourishing one.

The Presbyterian Church of Clarkson was organized in the spring of 1839. A frame meeting house was built that year on a site a little south of Clarkson. The lot was given by Thomas Ashton and George Feazle for a church site and graveyard. A new building was erected in 1877. Rev. William O. Stratton was the first pastor. In 1904 the church had three elders and a total of 146 members.

The United Presbyterian Church of Clarkson was organized in the summer of 1862. A house of worship was built the following year. Until 1868 the pulpit was supplied by Revs. S. VV. Clark, Martin and Melvin. Rev. A. T. Huston was the first regularly installed pastor. The congregation was dissolved in the earlv >'s.

Is township 6, in range 1, having an area of aliout 29 square miles, being rectangular in shape, five and three-quarter miles long and live miles wide. The southern sections, as the tnwnship was originally constituted, were cut off to form Liverpool township. The land lies high although fertile; and the township is rich in natural beauty and contains a large scope of wild and romantic scenery. Little Beaver Creek flows through the township in a serpentine course, along or near the eastern border, and, emerging at the southeast corner, passes across the northeast corner of Liverpool township, and thence across the corner of Beaver County, Pennsylvania, into the Ohio River. The middle fork of Beaver Creek flows in a zigzag manner across the northern portion, and, being joined at Fredericktown, by the north fork, the two form thence to the Ohio what is known as the Little Beaver. The old Sandy and Beaver Canal passed through St. Clair township along the course of the Little Beaver.

"Hunter" John Quinn settled in St. Clair township in 1792 or 1793, and is supposed to have been the first white man to locate in the township. He built a log cabin about a mile and a half east of where Thomas Huston afterward lived. In 1796 Seth Thomas located upon the northeast quarter of section 26, afterward owned and occupied by John Montgomery. Enos Thomas, his son, was a justice of the peace, and in 1803 was a member of the board of commissioners that organized Columbiana County. James and John Mc- Laughlin, brothers, and John Coburn crossed the Alleghanies in wagons to Fort Pitt, where they transferred their families and household effects to a flatboat and floated down the Ohio to Georgetown, Pennsylvania, James Mc- Laughlin and Coburn coming almost immediately into Ohio ami settling in what was later St. Clair township, the former on the northeast quarter of section 21, where B. D. Fisher afterward lived, and the latter on section 22. where later was the Seth Ranch farm. I" '797 Jonn Totten settled in what is now Liverpool township, where also in the same year Isaac Matson located, on section 32. Closely following them. James Caruthers settled upon section 28. where James McCoy afterward had a farm, and John George, with his two sons, William and Thomas, settled on what was later known as "Ruck Mats." They later located on the northwestern quarter of section 29, later owned and occupied by Lachlin Ross.

In 1797 John Caddis settled in what was afterward Liverpool township, and in the same year Thomas Moore located on section 23. Robert, Davison section 22, and, in 1798. Samuel Huston on section 21. In 1798 James Mclaughlin, Jr., settled on section 15, William White on section 12 in 1800, Moses Hair on section 11. Cornelius Sheehan on section 9, Lewis Cannon on section 8. William Shechan also on section 9. and Perry Burke on section 12. James Huston, who lived near Calcutta until past 90 years of age, with his father Samuel, in i&x), moved from Virginia to St. Clair township, where they settled on the place in later years occupied by Thomas Huston. Other settlers in that neighborhood about that time were Samuel and John Coburn, near where Calcutta now is ; John Quinn, a mile and a halt east of Huston's place; James and John McLaughlin, Samuel Hull and James Caruthcrs. Most of these came from Pennsylvania. Soon after, James Montgomery, also from Pennsylvania, located south of where later the Calcutta schoolhouse stood ; and near the same place Charles Hoy, a Pennsylvania)!, took up a farm. John Kelly, James Gonzales and Thomas George settled near Montgomery on the State road. Miss Rebecca Quigley was in 1879 still living, at the age of So. in Calcutta. She related that she, with her father, had settled in Calcutta in 181 3, when the village contained but six log cabins. Her father, Samuel Quigley, opened the first store in a log cabin m Calcutta. Soon after that date, John Hamliel, a carpenter, built a one-story frame shop in the village. Miss Quigley' s brother. Samuel, in 1822 settled in Calcutta as a practicing physician. Moses Curry and Gustavus Allen had prior to that time been practicing physicians in the netghliorhood, but neither remained long. Dr. Quigley continued to practice medicine in St. ("lair township for 50 years. He died in 1872. Enos Thomas, justice of the peace of St. Clair township, performed, on May 17. 1803, the first marriage ceremony in the county, the parties being Jesse Smith and Susanna Shaw. According to the records, 'Squire Thomas also married Isabella Sheehan to Samuel Dougherty. August 18. 1803; Ann Hoy to Andrew Poe, September 8, 1803: and Sisson Stevens to Adam Hays, October 6, 1803.

"Many of the early settlers," says Lnsign's "History of Columbiana County,'' "failed to attend promptly to the necessary feature of entering their lands, and the consequence was to more than one an unfortunate omission. There were sharp-eyed speculators in those days, and they busied themselves in keeping a watch for the careless settlers who improved their lands before entering them. While the toiling pioneers, therefore, were creating farms, and while they looked with satisfaction upon the fruits of their industry, and began to think of visiting the Steubenville land office, some sharper stepped in before them, and, under cover of the law, appropriated the unhappy pioneer's farm and enjoyed the profit of the other's exhaustive labors. It was a distressing hardship, but legal redress there was none. Fortunately, how ever, the game played by the ruthless speculators put new-comers on their guard after a while, and, after the first few lessons, the business of entering lands before improving them was not neglected."

St. Clair was organize*! in 1803 as one of the original townships of Columbiana County, and had its boundaries fixed by the county commissioners March 5, 1805. From the territory then set apart St. Clair was deprived in 1834 of sections 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36, which, with fractional township 5. were in that year apportioned to the new township of Liverpool. The tow nship of St. Clair up to 1905 had no incorjiorated villages. The hamlets in the township were Calcutta, Cannon's Mills, Sprucevale and Fredcricktown. Calcutta, the earliest settled and always the most important of the four, was the seat of the township au- - thority. It had long contained a town hall, a good schoolhouse, hotel and two or three good general stores. At Cannon's Mills was a splendid grist-mill and a general store. Fredericktown was laid out by George Frederick, in December. 1833; there has always t>een a good country store, and lor many years a grist-mill, tannery, sawmill, ami cooper shops. Sprucevale never attained any special importance beyond that of a quiet country settlement. Cal- cutta was for a time in the early days known as Foulkstown, in honor of William Foulks, an early settler, who built the first brick house in the village. But the place was originally laid out as West Union by YVilltam Foulks and Michael Shirtz.

The Long Run Presbyterian Church was organized in 1800. When Revs. McCurdy, McMillan, Scott and Marquis, of Western Pennsylvania, were engaged in the great revival work in their own neighborhood, they visited St. Clair township, and, where Calcutta later stood, held meetings in houses, in tents, and under the trees in the open air. The first sermon is supposed to have been delivered in 1800 by Rev. Mr. Hughes, of Pennsylvania, under a tree at the intersection of the crossroads which were afterward the two main streets in Calcutta. The next sermon was preached on William Tucker's farm. Thence the place of public worship was changed to Long Run. a little more than a mile east of Calcutta, and here the Long Run Church was organized. The first elders were Samuel Marquis and Eben Miller. Services continued to be held in the cabins of settlers or in the open air. The first settled pastor was Rev. Clement Vallandigham, who was installed about 1806. About the same time he was pastor of the Presbyterian Church at New Lislxjn, where he made his home. Mr. Vallandigham continued to serve both congregations until 181 7, at which time he was engaged for his full time by the New Lisbon church. In 1808 the united membership of the two churches at Calcutta and New Lisbon was less than 50, Wit in 1 81 7 the membership rolls of the two societies showed an aggregate of 26 r. A log church had been built on the Tucker farm, but in 1810 William Foulks donated the land for the second log church, very near the site occupied by the church building erected later by the Long Run congregation. The second settled pastor was Rev. William Reid. who from 1821 preached alternately at Calcutta ami New Lis bon, his pastorate continuing 28 years. For some years the memlwrship of the Long Run outnumliered that of anv other church in the presbytery. Later it lost many of its members by transfer to the churches of Madison, liast Liverpool, Clarkson and Yellow Creek. During Rev. Mr. Reid's time the log church was replaced by a small brick edifice, and this, in 1830, was enlarged by the addition of 40 feet to its length. Early members of the church session were : Nicholas Dawson, George Dawson, Herl)ert White, George Dawson, Jr., Mr. Young, Mr. Foulks. Mr. Mt- Cammon, Dr. Samuel Quiglev and John Montgomery. While Rev. Mr. Reid was pastor, some dissension arose over the display of some sacred pictures at a church entertainment, and as a result a number of members withdrew and organized an Associate Reform Church. In 1850, when Rev. Robert Hays became pastor there were but 30 members. However, at the close of Rev. Mr. Hays' pastorate of less than four years, the membership had increased to 90. Following Rev. Mr. Hays, Revs. Mc- Mahon and others served the congregation in later years. The brick church building still in use in 1905 was erected in 1868, and cost $6,000.

The Associate Reform Church of Calcutta was the outgrowth of the dissensions in the I-ong Run Presbyterian Church, the seceders alwmt 1848 building a small brick church. Previous to that and directly after the Long Run church's trouble, Rev. Dr. Priestly, of the Theological seminary at Allegheny, organized the new church in the barn of John Ranch, on the farm later owned by Adam Hickman. The first and only pastor of the church was Rev. Samuel Clark, who ministered to the congregation until they joined with the United Presbyterian Church of Calcutta. The latter congregation had been organized in 1815. Public services were held as early as 1812 in a grove near the site occupied later by the church building. In 181 5 Rev. Elijah N. Scroggs was installed first pastor. Rev. Mr. Scroggs was also for some years in charge of the West P.eaver and the Four Mile (Pennsylvania) churches: but later devoted his entire time to Calcutta anil Four Mile, remaining in charge until his death. Decemlier 20. 1 851. He was buried in the cemetery near the Calcutta church. Rev. Mr. Scroggs' successor was

Rev. Joseph Barkley, whose pastorate continued four years, during which he preached also at Glade Run. Death ended in one year the pastorate of Rev. Thomas Andrews; and in 1864 Rev. John W. Martin was called to the charge of the united congregations of Calcutta and East Liverpool. In 1867 he relinquished the charge of the Calcutta congregation, and in May, 1868, J. H. I-eiper, then a theological student, took charge of the congregations of Calcutta and West Beaver. He served hoth congregations until January 1, 1876, when the Calcutta charge engaged him for his full time. The first house of worship was built about 1818. and the second (still in use in 1905) in 1865. The first elders of the church were John Stewart, John Ansley and John Smith. The pastors after Rev. Mr. Leiper's time were: Revs. Gilfillan, McClintock, McKelvy, Campbell and \V. H. Clark - the last named being pastor in 1905.

The Disciples Church at Fredericktown was organized in 1827 by Elder Walter Scott. The organization took place in the schoolhouse of District No. 1 of St. Clair township, and there public worship was maintained until 1829. The members of the church at the organization were: John Jackman, Jacob Wollam and David Figley and their wives, and Mary Gaston and Rebecca Meek. The first house of worship was built in Fredericktown in 1829, and in 1853 a new church was erected upon a site about one and a half miles south of Fredericktown. This structure was removed in 1877 to Fredericktown, where it continued to serve the purposes of the society. Among the pastors of the church have been F.lders John Jackman. Israel Benton, John Applegate. George M. Lucy and J. M. Davis. Elder Jackman, the first pastor, continued to serve the congregation for many years. For some years up to 1905 the congregation had no settled pastor, the pulpit being supplied occasionally from East Liverpool.

The Methodist Church at Calcutta was organized in 1869. Rev. Alexander Scott was the first minister. Before his death, in 1869, George Thompson bequeathed S400 to the village of Calcutta toward the erection of a public hall, upon condition that it should \x devoted, free of charge, to the use of any denomination desiring to worship therein. Previous to the erection of the Town Hall, which was in 1872, the Methodists worshiped in the Calcutta schoolhouse; but upon the completion of the hall they began to hold services there and continued to occupy it. Rev. W. B. Watkins, presiding elder, preached the first sermon in the hall during the ministry of Rev. William P. Turner, who was stationed at East Liverpool, and preached at Calcutta twice a month. Some of those who supplied the pulpit were : Ezra Hingely, William White, Cyrus Brough. Alonzo Shaw. S. Burt and several others. After Rev. Mr. Hingeley's time, the church was made a mission.

One of the earliest school teachers, if not the very earliest, was Joseph. McKinnon, who taught very soon after the year 1800 in a log^ schoolhouse on what was later the East Liverpool road, on a place subsequently owned by the McCoys. His successor was Samuel Polk. About 1810 John Quinrt taught in a log schoolhouse above where Dr. Calvin lived in later years, and William H. McGuffey - later the well-known author of McGuffey's readers ami spelling-books - taught in a frame building in Calcutta. Still later Joseph Hoy taught in a log schoolhouse near the site in later years occupied by the Calcutta schoolhouse. Before the close of the century seven school districts had been established in the township, viz: Calcutta, Beaver Creek, Fredericktown. the Bell school. Mount Pleasant. Cannon's Mills and one on the Wellsville road.