Newberry Township (part 2 of 3)

There are four church edifices in Bradford - three in Miami County, and one in Darke County. The first church building was put up in Miami County by the Baptists in 1870, who organized a society that year. Their first preacher was Northrop, from New Madison. Their first regular pastor was a young man named the present Pastor, Matthews. Next in Miami County the " Reform Church " erected a church. Among their first Pastors were John Stuck and Mr. Gough ; their present Pastor is J. E. Dingledine. After them came the Methodists, who built j their church in 1872, which is also in Miami County. Their first preacher was Bradley ; then Pilcher, Staley, Powel, Oldfield, and Matthews, the present Pastor. The Cumberland Presbyterians have a society, organized on June 3, 1876, by James Best, assisted by H. D. Onyett. Previous to this, they had had occasional services by F. G. Black and H. D. Onyett, of Covington. Their present Pastor is James Best, and they rent the Reform Church, where they hold service one-half the time.

The Catholics erected a church in 1875, in the Darke County portion, and their first services were held by Father Shelhamer. They have no resident priest.

Biographical Sketches

CLARK ADAMS, retired farmer ; P. 0. Covington ; a son of Philip and Phoebe (Travis) Adams, natives of New York State, who were married there in 1808 ; came to Warren Co., Ohio, in 1823 ; removed to Miami Co. in 1831, where he purchased a number of tracts of land east of Covington, nearty a section being in Washington Township. Mr. Adams resided in the Harrison's Creek neighborhood two or three years, during which time he built on his land, and then removed to Washington Township, and remained a resident of that township until his decease, which occurred in 1874, he being in the 91st year of his age. His wife survived him about six years, and died quite recently at the age of 89. They had a family of eleven children, ten of whom grew to maturity, and nine are now living, seven of whom are residents of this county. Mr. Adams, Sr., was an industrious, useful citizen ; he improved about half of his original purchase and sold the balance unimproved ; he took an active part in politics. His father was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and he of the war of 1812, and there were three sons and seven grandsons in the war of the rebellion. Mother Adams was an active member of the Methodist Church, and both were very much respected. Clarke was next to the youngest child ; was born in 1827, and remained on the farm with his parents during his minority. He was married in 1854 to Miss Mary E., daughter of Marshall and Elizabeth (Boggs) Morgan. Her father was a native of Kentuckj^, her mother was born and raised in Miami Co. Their decease occurred in Iowa after the daughter's marriage. Mr. Adams remained at the old homestead, and had the care of his aged parents ; in 1862, he built a fine residence on the old homestead. During the war, he left his farms to the care of his wife, and served in the Ohio National Guards, of which he was a member five years. In 1878, he built his present neat and commodious residence, which is situated on the North Piqua Pike, near the eastern limits of the corporation of Covington ; he still owns the old homestead in Washington Township, and also a 58-acre tract in same neighborhood ; his time is now occupied in looking after his property and such money speculations as may offer the best opportunity for profit. Mr. and Mrs. Adams are both worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and respected, useful members of society. They have three children living - Annie, now Mrs. Andrew Orr, of Illinois ; Luella, now Mrs. Andrew Frank, of Washington Township, and Clara, a young lady at home.

B. F. ALBAUGH, farmer, etc.; P. 0. Covington. B. F. Albaugh is a son of Samuel Albaugh, a native of North Carolina, who came to Ohio in 1829, and entered land in Union Township, this county, and lived upon it until his decease ; he was magistrate in that township a great many years. B. F. was born May 22, 1836, in this county ; was raised upon a farm and received a common-school education ; has been engaged in teaching school for twenty-seven years, and was Superintendent of the West Milton school ; he is now occupied in farming, and in connection with it, he owns one of the finest and best arranged floral gardens in the county ; they contain all the choicest and rarest flowers and fruits that are kept in any first-class garden in the country ; he is also extensively engaged in the manufacture of molasses, making from eight to ten thousand gallons per year ; since he began the business, he has manufactured over one hundred thousand gallons. He married Miss Priscilla, a daughter of Thaddeus and Eliza Mendenhall ; her father was a native of South Carolina, her mother of Virginia. They have eight children - Emma A., married to Dr. Morr, of Troy ; Clarence M., Dora A., Lillian. Edwin S., Herbert, Ellis and Ray. Mr. Albaugh contributes many useful and interesting articles that are published in the Cincinnati Gazette.

R. M. ALBERY, saw-milling, Covington. R. M. Albery was born in Franklin Co., Ohio, Aug. 26, 1842 ; his father, John M. Albery, a native of Licking Co., Ohio, died in Iowa, in the year 1871. R. M. was raised and educated upon the farm ; in 1862, he learned the house carpenter trade ; served two years as an apprentice in Ohio, then went to California and served one year there ; he worked three years as journeyman, then contracted jobs, and carried on the business for six years ; returned to Ohio and married Miss Hannah, a daughter of Hezekiah Fowler, of Randolph Co., Ind. Their marriage occurred Dec. 22, 1872. In the year 1873, he located rn Miami Co., and purchased the saw-mill and privileges, about one mile south of Covington, on the Dayton & Covington Pike ; he has a No. 1 water-power mill, and all the custom work he can do. Mr. Albery has since added more land and a residence, making 37 acres of valuable property. They had three children - Martin S., Morris W. and Richard F.

BAER BROTHERS, millers, proprietors of Falls Mills, Covington. This mill is one of the early industries of the vicinity of Covington ; it was built by George W. Smith, of Dayton, in 1838 ; Mr. S. came here in 1837 with skilled help (he never resided here, but did business here several years), and first built a saw-mill, which he used to prepare the material for a flour-mill and distillery, both of which he completed and operated ; the present firm, Baer Brothers, came into possession in 1875 ; H. H. Baer, the senior member, began milling here in 1869, first learned the business, then operated the mill on shares, and, in 1875, the brother, B. F., became associated with him ; they have improved the mill by placing in new machinery, including the patent process," and they now have capacity to grind 200 bushels of grain per day ; the power is supplied by Greenville Creek, and the whole machinery driven by a thirty-inch wheel, which is of the famous " Ross Patent " pattern ; the mill is situated on the pike, just below the beautiful Greenville Falls, which gives them twenty-eight feet head and fill ; Baer Brothers are young men of ability, possessed of the experience and knowledge to make a success, which is already proven by the large patronage they are receiving.

HAMILTON BARTMESS, dealer in harness, etc., Covington. Mr. Bartmess, a native of Washington Co., Md., was born in 1816 ; his parents came to Montgomery Co., Ohio, in 1820, and there Hamilton grew to manhood ; in 1836, he came to Covington to learn the harness-maker's trade, and when he had completed his apprenticeship, bought out his boss, and has continued the business here ever since ; his shop and salesroom are located on High street, the demands of his trade keeping four hands constantly employed ; Mr. Bartmess is one of the oldest continuous resident business men in Covington. He was married, in 1840, to Miss Jane T., daughter of John Barber, who was one of the early residents of Newberry Township ; they commenced housekeeping soon after their marriage, in the house in which they now reside, having never moved during the forty years of their married life ; the issue of this marriage has been eight children, six of whom survive.

MICHAEL BASHORE, retired farmer ; P. 0. Covington ; born in Juniata Co., Penn. ; emigrated to Ohio about the year 1835. and located first in Greene Co.,* was in such limited circumstances that the end-gate of the wagon-bed was used for a table for several years ; the union of industry and economy has rewarded him with success, as he is to-day one of the most reliable and highly-respected citizens of the township ; he has lately given $60,000 to his children in lands and property. While living in Greene Co., he followed teaming for seven years ; then removed to Darke Co., purchased some land, and was engaged in farming until the year 1872, when he had a stroke of paralysis, which prevented him from laboring ; he remained in Darke Co. until 1859, then removed to this county, and is now residing in Covington. He married Miss Henrietta Senseman, of his native county ; they had six children, of whom five are living - William H., Benjamin F., Charles, Jacob S. and Susan B.

* R. F. BENNETT, Superintendent Preparatory School, Covington. Mr. Bennett is a native of Miami Co. ; was born in Washington Township, in 1836 ; was raised on the farm ; received the benefit of the common district and Piqua public schools, and a partial course at the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, and has made teaching his profession ; he came to Covington in 1863, when he took charge of the public school, and has continued its Principal ever since ; the record of the school is the best compliment we can give to his ability as instructor and Superintendent ; when he took charge, the school was in a chaotic state, with about 250 pupils, and four teachers ; since then, the school has been graded, system and efficiency have taken the place of chaos ; a new building has been erected, and there are now eight teachers and nearly 500 pupils, and the school ranks with the best public schools for efficiency. Mr. Bennett is a successful teacher and Superintendent, and a useful, respected citizen. He was married in 1867 to Miss Fanny, daughter of Dr. David Jordan, deceased, lately of Piqua. As Mr. Bennett comes of pioneer stock, it will not be out of place here to trace, somewhat, his ancestry. He is the son of Enoch and Margaret (Withgott) Bennett, who came to Miami Co. in 1834, and located in Washington Township, and are now residing on a farm near Piqua, to which they removed in 1 840 ; each is now 80 years of age ; the parents of each were pioneers in the vicinity of Chillicothe, his parents having removed from Pennsylvania and hers from Maryland, as early as 1800. The Bennetts were pioneers in America, having accompanied William Penn, and were Quakers. The Withgotts were Welsh, and Episcopalians ; the first of these who came to America was forced into service on board a British vessel which sailed to America ; when leaving port, he jumped overboard and swam safely to shore.

A. E. BILLINGSLEY, farmer ; P. 0. Covington. A. E. Billingsley, born in Fayette Co., Penn., in the year 1819, is a brother of Thomas Billingsley, whose biography appears in this work. He was raised upon a farm, and in early life learned the carpenter's trade, following the business for twenty years. In 1862, he enlisted in 83d 0. Y. I. ; was commissioned First Lieutenant ; was in the battle of Vicksburg, and in several other engagements. In 1863, he resigned on account of ill health contracted in the service ; since that time, has been engaged in farm- ing. He married Miss M. E., a daughter of Amos Tucker, a native of New Jersey. They had eight children, five living - Jennie, Hattie M., Mary A., John A. and Lida A.

THOMAS BILLINGSLEY, farmer ; P. 0. Covington ; is a son of James Billingsley, a native of Maryland ; he came to Ohio about 1816, and located in Warren Co., then moved to Hamilton Co. In 1832, he came to this township and entered the farm where Thomas now lives ; he lived upon it until his decease, which occurred at the ripe old age of 97 years. Thomas Billingsley was bom Jan. 7, 1823 ; came here with his parents, and helped to clear off the farm where he now resides. He married Miss Mary E., daughter of George Luckey, a native of this State ; they had three children, of whom one is living - John E.

MRS. L. G. BLACK, widow, farmer ; P. 0. Covington. Mrs. L. G. Black is the widow of Rev. F. G. Black. In speaking of those who are gone, we feel that this history would not be complete, without a personal mention of Mr. Black. He was a native of Jefferson Co., Ky., born March 9, 1808; educated in the Old School Presbyterian Church, and professed religion when 17 years of age. Three years later, he left the Old School Church, connected himself with the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and was ordained minister in that church. In 1840, he moved to Lebanon, Warren Co., Ohio, and was Pastor of the church in that place for thirteen years ; in April, 1853, he moved to Centerville, Ind., was Pastor there for thirteen years ; and in April, 1866, he came to Covington, where he was Pastor of the church until his death, March 5, 1871 ; he died while holding a revival in his church ; when he fell, he said they should let him die, for he had the harness on, and was ready to go ; he was a faithful servant, always serving the Master. His death was a great loss to the church and community. Mr. Black's marriage with Miss Kate Frederic, of his native place, was celebrated Dec. 11, 1851 ; they had nine children, of whom five are living - P. F., William H., Pastor of the First Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Penn., Chauncey, Ida K. and Mattie Bell.

GEORGE BOEHRINGER, Covington. Among the business enterprises of Covington, the manufacturing firm, composed of Daniel Face, George Boehringer and Henry Dress, doing business under the firm name of Dodd, Face & Co., deserve a more than passing notice. This enterprise was first started in 1871. The present firm took possession in 1878. The factory now is a two-story frame structure 96x36 feet, and is supplied with the necessary machinery for the work in which they are engaged. They employ fifteen to twenty hands constantly, and are turning out and shipping an average of one car-load of stock every week. Mr. Boehringer is the superintendent and manager, and has been connected with the enterprise from its infancy to the present time. He was born in Germany in 1828 ; came to America in 1851 ; spent about four years in Philadelphia working at his trade (house carpenter), then came to Covington and began working at his trade here. Many of the houses in Covington and vicinity are the products of his labor and supervision. His business gradually developed - to his shop was added a saw-mill, then a planing mill, and finally the necessary machinery for the manufacture of hubs, spokes, rims, etc. Finally the saw-mill was sold, and his shop became a hub, spoke and binding factor}7, which has developed a quite extensive business. - Mr. Boehringer has not only been directly connected with the growth and development of this factory, but also of that of the town and vicinity, and he is still an -active, enterprising citizen. He was married in Philadelphia in 1852 to Miss Cathrena Haller; they have had nine children, seven of whom are living.

EZEKIEL BOGGS, farmer and carpenter ; P. O. Covington. Ezekiel Boggs, farmer and carpenter, is a son of Aaron Boggs, a native of this county, who, when 18 years of age, went to Kentucky and lived there seven years, he then moved back to Ohio and located in Shelby Co. ; lived there three years, then came to this county and purchased a farm about one mile north of Covington, and lived upon it until his death. Ezekiel Boggs was born in Kentucky in the year 1838; raised a farmer, and has followed the occupation most of his life. Mr. B., being naturally handy with tools, about twelve years ago contracted to build a house, and since that time has worked mostly at carpentering. He has twice been married - first with Eve, a daughter of Henry Etter ; she died Nov. 8, 1866, leaving two children - Henry L. and Ida Alice ; his second marriage was with Esther C. Coats, Dec. 27, 1869 ; they have five children - Mary A., Anna May, James Q., Aaron and Elizabeth.

DAVID C. BOSSERMAN, farmer ; P. 0. Bradford. David, a son of Isaac Bosserman, a native of Adams Co., Penn., came to Ohio about the year 1833, and located first in Darke Co., living there about twenty-six years ; in 1860, he moved into this county and purchased a farm about one mile north of Bradford, where he now resides. He married Miss Lydia, a daughter of Jacob Warner, an old soldier of the Indian war ; they had four children, three living - Solomon W., David C. and Emma F.; David C. was born in Darke Co. Aug. 30, 1859 ; was raised upon a farm ; he has lately been to Michigan, where he expects to make his home.

REV. RICHARD BRANDON, farmer and preacher ; P. 0. and residence, Covington. Although not an old resident of Covington, he has been identified with the growth of this vicinity, having been born near Versailles in 1820 ; his father died when he was a ba%, and when 8 years of age, Richard was driven from home by a step-father, battling with the world from that time ; when 19 years of age, he taught school. He was married, Jan. 2, 1841, to Hannah Bayman, also of Darke Co.; soon after his marriage, he was ordained a minister of the Christian denomination, and has continued an honored and useful minister of the Gospel ever since, his field of labor embracing churches in Darke, Montgomery and Miami Cos., but he has been preaching more or less in this county for the past forty years ; he is the present Pastor of the Union Church, located about two miles south of Troy, and also of the Greenville Creek Church, located about four miles west of Covington ; in 1863, he purchased a farm two miles west of Covington, which he still owns, and where he resided until 1876, when he removed to his residence in Covington, which is a neat, commodious brick structure, located at the junction of the Troy pike and High street. Mr. and Mrs. Brandon, although quite advanced in years, are still active, reliable members of the church ; they have four children living - Minerva (now Mrs. Jeremiah Thompson, of Darke Co.), Thomas A., Alexander B. and William H., all residents of this county, and all members of the Christian Church.

D. C. BRANSON, farmer ; P. 0. Covington. D. C. Branson, farmer, is a son of Moses N. Branson, who was a native of New Jersey ; came to Ohio in the year 1820, located in Lost Creek Township, in this county, and lived there until his death, which occurred in 1877 ; D. C. is a native of this county, was educated a farmer, had a common-school education, taught school in his younger days several years, and since has been engaged in farming ; Mr. Branson is highly respected by the citizens of Miami Co. : he has held several public offices ; was Magistrate three terms, County Commissioner one term, and is one of the present Trustees of this township. He married Miss Charlotte D., a daughter of George Suber, of this county ; they had eight children - Willis, John, Franklin, Harriet, Caroline, Sarah, Lydia and Angeline.

WILLIAM A. BROWNE, publisher, Covington. Among the business enterprises of Covington none are of more general interest than the home paper. The first attempt to publish a paper here was made by S. W. Eley, and the first issue of the Stillwater Valley Gazette was brought out b}T him in July, 1870, the enterprise being quite liberally supported by the citizens of this vicinity, but, for some reason, the editor did not succeed in building it up, but on the contrary, the patronage declined until the present editor, Mr. Wm. A. Browne, took it in charge in 1874 ; he changed its style from a four to an eight column sheet, its name to the Covington Gazette , and otherwise improved it, receiving an increased patronage as his reward ; in March, 1879, Mr. Browne bought out the company which had previously owned it, becoming proprietor as well as editor, and is now doing a very satisfactory business. The press upon which the Gazette is printed is an old-style double-end Adams, and is said to be the first press used on State work in Columbus ; what offices it may Jiave graced since, we are unable to state, but it now turns off very good work. Mr. Browne, born in Penns}Tlvania in 1842, is a son of the Rev. W. A. Browne (deceased), who was a member of the Maryland M. E. Conference, also brother to Miss Emma Alice Browne, known as a contributor to the New York Ledger and other periodicals ; when he was 12 years of age, he entered the office of the Cecil County Whig , and has been an occupant of a printing office ever since, during which time he has worked in many different offices in different parts of the United States ; was an employe in the office of the St. Louis Republican , and several years also of the Cincinnati Times , Commercial and Enquirer. It will be seen from the foregoing that Mr. B. is a self-made editor ; the printing office furnished both means and opportunity for his education, making it intensely practical, and eminently fitting him for the position which he now occupies ; through his energ}', the Covington Gazette has come to be an established and successful fact, a credit to the town and a great benefit to this part of Miami Co.; his lively editorials will be long and gratefully remembered by the pioneers of the Dayton, Covington & Toledo Narrow Gauge Railroad. He was married in 1864 to Miss Sadie Hawkins, of St. Louis ; they have five children.

D. J. BUCHANAN, retired farmer ; P. O. Covington ; one of the old residents of Newberry Township ; is a son of Geo. Buchanan, who was a native of Rockingham Co., Va., and married Nancy Cassady, a native of Rockbridge Co., Va.; they came to Ohio in 1803, and located at Deerfield, Warren Co.; removed to Milton, Miami Co., in the fall of 1807 or spring of 1808, where he remained until the war of 1812, in which he was a soldier, being Captain of a company of frontier guards," and in charge of the supply depot at the junction of Greenville Creek and the Stillwater - then called Fort Rowdj , now Covington ; in the beginning of the war, he removed his family to the east side of Stillwater, just over the county line, into Montgomery Co., which place continued to be his home until 1830, when he removed to a farm in Sec. 6, Newberry Township, where he spent the remainder of his days ; he was a carpenter and cabinet-maker by trade, and the son now has some articles of furniture that were both designed and made by him, wffiich indicate originality of genius as well as a good degree of workmanship, valuable relics of olden times ; he was promoted Colonel of militia after the war in " training days," andwas an active and respected citizen ; both he and his wife were members of the Christian Church, and he was identified with the interests of Miami Co. from its formation until his decease, which occurred in 1862, he being in his 83d year ; his widow survived him nine }Tears, and died in her 88th year ; they had a family of two sons and six daughters, four of whom became residents of thjs county and three of them still reside here. D. J., one of the younger children, was born in 1817, and grew to manhood during the formation period of Miami Co.; was raised on a farm, and has been activel}' engaged in farming all his life until about four years since, when he retired from active labor and removed to his residence in Covington, which is a substantial, commodious structure, handsomely located at the intersection of Wall street and the Piqua pike ; he has also been an active and respected, though unassuming, citizen ; was Trustee three years, and has repeatedly refused offers of office ; is now living a quiet, retired life ; his farm is now carried on by his oldest son. Mr. Buchanan married, in 1846, Minerva, daughter of John Hershbarger, who was also a native of Virginia ; came to Ohio in 1824, to Miami Co. in 1833, and located in the north part of Newberry Township, entering a tract of canal land ; Minerva was born in Augusta Co., Va., in 1818 ; they have raised a family of five sons, two of whom are living on his farm - one being a carpenter and the other farming the place ; one is a music teacher, another a school teacher, and the younger is now engaged in an art establishment in Cleveland.

JOHN A. BUCHANAN, carpenter, Covington. John A. Buchanan is a son of D. J. Buchanan, whose biography appears in this work ; John A. was born Dec. 16, 1851, upon his father's farm in Sec. 6, Newberry Township ; was raised and educated a farmer ; when 19 years old he learned the carpenter's trade, and has followed the business ever since ; he is a first-class carpenter and builder ; he built a great many of the beautiful farm buildings we see in this part of the county. He married Margaret J., a daughter of Henry Falkner, of Newberry" Township ; they had two children - Otto Loy and Homer Willis.

AMOS BUTTERFIELD, hotel, Covington. Mr. Butterfield was born in Dayton in 1838 ; his father, a carpenter and builder, built the court house in Dayton ; he removed to Miami Co. in 1847, and built the present County Infirmary building, and many other large buildings, both public and private ; as a stair builder, he had few equals and no superiors ; his decease occurred in Troy in 1860 ; Amos grew to manhood here, and, in 1861, was married to Rosanna Fetters, whose people resided in Union Township ; Mr. Butterfield has been a resident of Covington since his marriage, being engaged successively in carpentering, undertaking and furniture, and other mercantile pursuits ; in March, 1880, he became "mine host" of the Leondis House, where he is winning favor with the traveling public.

R. E. CABLE, M. D., physician and surgeon, Covington. Dr. R. E. Cable is a son of Elder John Cable, who was a native of Bedford Co., Penn.; married Miss Nancy A. Ellis, a native of Virginia ; came to Miami Co. in 1812, and located in Newberry Township, on Harrison's Creek, about two miles northwest of Covington ; they had a family of eleven children, of whom only four are now living ; three of these are residents of this county, and one resides in Kansas ; Mr. and Mrs. Cable, after passing through the privations, dangers and toils incident to the early settlers, lived to enjoy much of the fruits of their labor ; his death occurred in 1864, hers in 1874. The subject of this sketch was born in Newberry Township Feb. 26, 1827 ; his youth was spent on a farm until about 18 years of age, when he commenced teaching school and studying medicine ; graduated at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1849, and began the practice of medicine at Pleasant Hill the same year, receiving his initiation in practice during the memorable cholera scourge ; he continued to practice at Pleasant Hill until the fall of 1859, when he removed to Covington, and has remained ever since, enjoying a very satisfactory practice. Dr. Cable is one of the few medical men who take an active interest in the general public, is a public-spirited citizen, always contributing liberally to any and every enterprise which has for its object the better condition of his fellow-citizens or the general public, while his extensive practice ranks him among the leading physicians of the county ; his office is conveniently located on Pearl street, adjoining his residence, which is a fine brick structure of modern design, elegantly furnished and pleasant!}7 located on the corner of Wright and Pearl streets.

JACOB CABLE, farmer, carpenter and undertaker ; P. 0. Covington. Jacob Cable is a son of John and a brother of R. E. Cable, whose biography appears in this history ; Jacob was born Aug. 7, 1824, upon his father's farm in Sec. 19, Newberry Township ; his young days were spent in assisting his parents and attending the district school ; when 18 years of age, he learned the carpenter's trade ; he has worked at his trade most of the time since, and is also engaged in the undertaking business ; he has a beautiful farm of 60 acres, with good farm buildings upon it. He married Miss Susanna, daughter of Thomas Wenrich, a native of Pennsylvania ; they had ten children, eight living - Cynthia Ann (living in Missouri), Frances, Esther, Thomas B., Clinton, Alice, Nancy A. and Arte F.

T. B. CABLE, teacher, Covington. T. B. Cable is a son of Jacob Cable, whose biography appears in this work. T. B. was born Feb. 2, 1857 ; was raised and educated a farmer ; for several years attended the Covington Graded School, and graduated there in 1877 ; since then he has been engaged in teaching school ; has been very successful, and is highly respected.

A. L. CABLE, telegraphy, Covington. Is a son of John Cable, a native of Montgomery Co., Ohio, who came to this county in 1829, and located on Harrison Creek. A. L. Cable was born March 13, 1861, upon the farm where James Seas now lives ; he was educated as a farmer, attended the Covington High School for several years, and graduated in the spring of 1878 ; in a short time he intends learning telegraphing, and making it his business ; he is a }roung man with a good reputation, and promises something honorable for the future.

JOHN G. CARSON, farmer ; P. 0. Piqua. John G. Carson, a son of William Carson, deceased, who was born in the State of Delaware ; emigrated from that State to Ohio in the year 1815, and located in this township. John 0. was born Sept. 12, 1834, upon the farm where he now resides ; was brought up to heavy farm labor ; received a common-school education, and is living a single life ; he has a beautiful farm of 173 acres, well improved ; upon this farm he has a field that was cleared by the Indians, and to this day it is known as the" Indian field."

B. E. CASSEL, farmer; P. O. North Clayton. B. E. Cassel was born in Miami Co., near Troy ; his early life was spent upon a farm, until he was 19 years of age ; ire then enlisted in the 147th 0. V. I., for four months, afterward enlisted in the 194th 0. V. L, for one year, and went forward to battle for his country ; he was not engaged in any battle, but had to do a great deal of hard marching. He was twice married, first with Miss Martha, a daughter of George Howard, whose biography appears in this work ; they had one child, Mizpah. His second marriage was with a daughter of Emmanuel Blickenstaff, deceased ; Mr. Cassel has a nice farm of 26 acres, with good improvements, a short distance north of North Clayton.

WILLIAM COUFFER, retired merchant, Covington ; he is a native of Franklin Co., Penn., and was born in 1814 ; he came to Miami Co. in 1850 ; he first purchased a farm about two miles northeast of Covington, and engaged in farming about four years, then sold and removed to Covington, where he has been engaged in merchandising in some form, until within the past few years ; having accumulated sufficient to enable him to retire from active business pursuits, he has lived a quiet, retired life, respected by all ; his residence is a two-story brick, pleasantly situated on Rock avenue, near the Stillwater. He was married in 1841, to Miss Maria J. Elder, by whom he had three sons, two of whom survive - Christian N., now dealer in boots and shoes, at Urbana, Ohio ; and William E., now chief clerk in freight office of the Pan Handle R. R. Co., at Chicago ; Mrs. Couffer's decease occurred Dec. 11, 1861. His marriage with Miss Sarah A. Dubois was celebrated Oct. 4, 1864 ; she was born in Warren Co. in 1833, and resided in Darke Co. at the time of her marriage, and is an intelligent lady.

J. C. DOWLER, farmer ; P. 0. Covington. J. C. Dowler was born in Butler Co., Ohio, Oct. 1, 1819, and is a son of William Dowler, a native of Pennsylvania, who came to Ohio at an early day, and first located in Butler Co. ; in the year 1824, he moved to this county and entered the land where J. C. now lives ; J. C. was reared a farmer, and, when 19 years old, he began teaching school, following the occupation for thirteen years ; since then he has been farming. His marriage with Susan, a daughter of John Rike, deceased, was celebrated Aug. 14. 1856 ; they had one child - John W., an engineer and surveyor.

GEORGE H. DRAKE, farmer ; P. 0. Covington. George H. Drake, son of Daniel Drake, a native of New Jerse}r, emigrated to Ohio about the year 1838, and located southwest of Piqua, on the farm where he now resides ; George H. was born upon his father's farm, and was reared and educated a farmer, and is highly respected by all who know him. He married Miss Mary E., a daughter of George Buckles, of this county ; they have two children - Theodore and Thomas F.

HENRY DREES, merchant, Covington. Among the business men of Covington who deserve special mention is Mr. Henry Drees, the senior member of the firm of Drees, Miller & Neith, dealers in dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes, groceries and queensware ; he is a native of Prussia . was born in 1 833 ; came to the United States in 1854, and located in Covington the same year, where he commenced working at his trade (tailoring); ambitious to get a start, and business being scarce, he worked at anything he could get to do, from ditching to shop work ; in the fall of 1862, he purchased a small stock of goods, which included a general stock, and, in the following spring, Mr. I). Face became a partner, and they enlarged the stock gradually as their trade increased ; in 1866, Mr. Drees sold his interest to T. C. Leonard, but re-purchased it about six months later, and has continued in the business ever since, being associated with different parties as partners ; in 1876, the present firm was formed ; they now occupy two rooms which adjoin each other ; in one is kept a general stock of groceries, queensware, etc., in the other a large stock of staple and fancy dr}7 goods, boots, shoes and clothing, while the upper story is used for a tailor shop where suits are made to order. Mr. Drees came to Covington in 1854, a young man with nothing but his natural abilities and a knowledge of tailoring, but by energy and hard work, soon established himself in business here ; his long and successful business career is the best tribute we can give to ability, industry and wise management ; for he has been the business man of the different firms with which he has been connected ; he is also now one of the firm of Dodd, Face & Co., who operate the hub, spoke and bending factory here. He was married in 1855 to Miss Agnes Neith, who is a sister of one of his present partners ; they have eight children.

CHRISTIAN DUNKEL, miller ; P. 0. Covington. Mr. Dunkel, a native of Pennsylvania, was born in Dauphin Co., in 1812 ; his father died when he was but a child, and his youth was spent in various occupations ; was errand-boy in a store two years or more, then worked on a farm for a time, then went into a woolen factory ; teamed some, and worked at the carpenter's trade, and when about 20 years of age began milling, which he has followed most of the time since ; he came from Lancaster Co., Penn., to Miami Co., Ohio, in 1835, and has been milling in the vicinity of Covington ever since ; the mill now known as Dunkel's, of which he is the manager, has a quite interesting history in connection with the business development of Covington; the site was first utilized by Jacob Ullery, who removed a saw-mill from near Fort Greenville, using the then abandoned fort for quarters while tearing down and removing it ; rafted it down Greenville Creek and put it up here, a little west of where the present flour-mill stands ; afterward Benj. Lehman bought it, together with the grounds, and erected a flour-mill ; he sold to John Brumbaugh, he to Patty Bros., they to - McCampbell, who in turn disposed of it to Swisher & Hartzell, and they to Ullery & Mikesell ; this Ullery was a son of the first owner, and Mikesell the J ohn Mikesell whose biography appears in this work ; a brother of Ullery's bought out Mikesell, Lewis Kensinger bought out one of the Ullerys, and in 1 877 Dunkel & Miller bought out Ullery & Kensinger. As Mr. Miller is a farmer of Newton Township, and quite aged, the business and management is left entirely to Mr. Dunkel, a position which his experience, both as a miller and business man, eminently fits him, and which he is successfully filling. The mill is operated for custom and merchant business, and has a capacity of 300 barrels of flour per day ; it is situated near the mouth of Greenville Creek, from which its power is supplied, and is on the Painter's Creek pike, near the bridge across Stillwater, at the south part of Covington. Mr. Dunkel has been identified with one of the important industries in the vicinity of Covington for nearly a halfcentury, is still an active man of business and a respected citizen. He was married in 1840, to Miss Mary Eresman, of Darke Co., but she only lived about one year; he was again married in 1834, to Miss Mary, daughter of John Falknor, deceased, who was an early resident of Newberry Township.

L. D. FALKNOR, farmer and dairy ; P. O. Covington. L. D., son of David Falknor, a native of this county, was born near West Milton in 1816 ; was raised near Covington, upon his father's farm, afterward belonging to him ; he put all the improvements upon the farm ; during the thirty years of his married life, there were only three seasons that he did not put up a building of some kind. He died Feb. 19, 1880, a highly respected citizen. L. D. was born June 9, 1851, near Covington ; he was raised and educated upon the farm where he lives ; besides farming he has been engaged in the dairy business for about four years ; he supplies Covington with milk that gives general satisfaction. He married Miss Ellen, a daughter of James Kelsey, deceased, Oct. 14, 1872 ; they had three children - Gracey Alma, Pearl and James William.

JACOB FETTER, farmer ; P. 0. Bradford. Jacob Fetter, a son of Samuel Fetter, a native of Huntingdon Co., Penn., emigrated to Ohio in the year 1811, and located in Newton Township, Miami Co.; lived thereuntil 1816 ; moved into Newberry Township, and purchased a farm known as the Yount farm. The subject of this sketch was born upon the Yount farm April 13, 1818 ; his early life was spent in assisting his father upon the farm ; he knows something of the hardships that the early pioneers had to endure ; he has always lived in the same school district, but not on the same farm ; he owns a good farm lying west of the one mentioned, and west of Stillwater. Mr. Fetter has twice been married - first, Dec. 18, 1838, with Miss Maria, a daughter of John Hagan. Mrs. Fetter died May 29, 1848, leaving four children, viz., Nancy, Catharine, Hannah and John H. His second marriage was celebrated Dec. 19, 1850, with Miss Catharine, a daughter of Jacob Brumbaugh. From this union they had three children - Emma V., Mary F. and Samuel A. M. Mr. Fetter has held several public offices ; was Trustee, Land Appraiser and Assessor for several terms each. His father was either the first or second Justice of the Peace of Newberry Township.

G. H. FINFROCK, farmer and plasterer, Bloomertown. G. II. Finfrock, born in Carroll Co., Md., Feb. 25, 1826, is a son of G. H. Finfrock, Sr., a native of Maryland ; came to Ohio in the year 1832, and entered the farm where Uriah Valentine lives ; he opened the farm and lived upon it until death. The subject of this sketch was raised a farmer, lived with his parents until 22 years of age ; he then learned the trade of a plasterer, has worked at it most of his time since, but latterly has given more attention to farming. He has three times been married, first, with Miss Mary Umholtz, his second wife was Miss Elizabeth Routson. They had four children - Milton A., Josephine, David C. and Israel C.; his third union was with Miss Maria E. Black. From this union they had five children, of whom four are living - Edith May, Harriet E., Cora M. and Fannie F.

WILLIAM FRESHOUR, lawyer and broker, Covington. Mr. Freshour, the only member of the bar at Covington, is a life-resident of Miami Co. ; was born in Newton Township in 1841 ; his early youth was spent on the farm and at school. In 1861, when the first call was made for troops, he was the first man to sign the roll in Covington, and served in the 11th O. V. I. until mustered out by reason of expiration of term of service in August. Soon after, enlisted for three years, and was assigned to the 44th 0. V. I., in which he served until the spring of 1864, when they " veteranized " and he remained until November, when by reason of a wound which he received during Hunter's retreat from Lynchburg, he was discharged. He started in the 44th a private, was promoted to First Sergeant, and on the reorganization, was elected First Lieutenant, and a little later was promoted to Captain. His wound in the right ankle was caused by a minie ball, declared by the Surgeon in charge so serious as to require amputation of the limb, but the Captain could not see it that way, and went to Cincinnati, where, under the treatment of Dr. Groesbeck, he so far recovered as to be able to use his limb for ordinary locomotive purposes. After returning, he was at, to and from. Covington, until 1867, when he went to Washington, where he remained in the employ of the Treasury Department six years. In the fall of 1873, he went to California, and on his return, stopped two years in Minneapolis, and returned to Covington in 1876 ; since which time he has been engaged in different enterprises, latterly being President of the Stillwater Valley Bank, from which he withdrew in June, 1879, and has since been engaged as broker and lawyer, and is doing a very satisfactory business. He was married in 1873 to Miss Emma, daughter of Jacob E. Shellenbarger ; the}' have two children.

JACOB FURNAS, retired farmer ; P. 0. Versailles. Jacob Furnas is a son of William Furnas, born May 29, 1775, in South Carolina, who moved to Ohio in 1803, and located in Warren Co.; lived there two years ; then moved to Miami Co. and located in Newton Township, and lived there until death. Jacob Furnas was born Nov. 28, 1807, upon his father's farm in Newton Township ; was raised and educated a farmer ; his educational advantages were very limited ; he is one of the oldest citizens living, born in Miami Co.; has seen the full development of the county, having resided upon his farm for forty-seven years. He has twice been married - first, with Miss Abby Large ; she died in 1862, leaving two children - Joshua and Rachel. His second marriage was celebrated March 16, 1868, with Mrs. Margaret McDonald, whose maiden name was Dowler ; she had twice been married ; first with Samuel Mitchell ; from that union she had two children - Fernando W. and Joseph T. Mitchell.

JOSHUA FURNAS, farmer ; P. O. Versailles. Joshua Furnas, is a son of Jacob Furnas, whose biography appears in this work. Joshua was born upon his father's farm Aug. 18, 1839 ; when young, he assisted his father on the farm and attended school. At the age of 20 years, he attended a select school controlled by the Quakers in Newton Township ; he then taught school for ten or twelve years. In the year 1861, he went to Iowa ; when there, enlisted in the 28th Iowa V. I ; was discharged three months later on account of prairie sore eyes ; he then came back to his native place ; in October 1862, he enlisted in the 110th O. V. I. and went to battle for his county ; he was in the battle of the Wilderness, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, Petersburg, Sailor's Run, and many other lesser engagements. After his return from service, he married Miss Eliza Dowler, Oct. 6, 1869 ; they had one child - Emma Bell.

S. B. GIFFIN, retired farmer ; P. 0. Covington. S. B. Griffin, born about six miles south of Dajdon, Ohio, Sept. 11, 1804, is a son of William Griffin, a native of Pennsylvania, who emigrated to Ohio, about the year 1800, and located near Cincinnati; lived there awhile, then moved to Montgomery Co. ; from there to Warren; in the year 1835, he moved to Miami Co. and located southwest of Piqua, and lived there until death. S. B. was raised, until 16 years old, upon a farm ; he then learned the trade of a blacksmith ; he worked eleven years southwest of Piqua, and twelve years in Covington ; he had to quit his trade on account of his eyesight failing him ; he purchased a farm near Covington, now known as the Tobias farm ; traded this for the J ames Etter farm ; sold it and bought the old Souder farm, which he exchanged for the farm where he now resides ; his farm is situated half a mile west of Covington, containing 81 acres of rolling land. Near his residence is one of these valuable springs that are quite numerous in Miami Co. He has twice been married ; first, with Miss Martha Vanhorn, of Hamilton Co., Ohio, in April, 1828. They had nine children, of whom four are living - William, John V., Robert and Martha A. His second marriage was with Miss Martha Scott.

J. V. GIFFIN, farmer ; P. O. Covington. J. V. Griffin, a son of S. B. Giffin, whose biography appears in this work, was born in Warren Co., Ohio, Jan. 22, 1831 ; when 16 years of age, he learned the trade of a wagon-maker, and has worked at the business for over thirty years ; in 1852, he moved to Logansport, Ind., lived there nine years, then removed to Miami Co., Ohio ; he has been engaged in farming for the last three years ; has a small farm about one mile southwest of Covington, and also a residence in Covington. He married Miss Annie N., a daughter of Joseph Young, March 10, 1858. They had five children - Samuel J., Schuyler O., Ida May, Mattie B. and George E. Mr. Giffin has served as Mayor of Covington for three years and seven months.

CHARLES M. GROSS, carriage manufacturer, Covington. Mr. Gross is an old resident of Covington, and has been identified with the business interests of the town for many years ; he was born in Bucks Co., Penn., in 1823, and came to Miami Co. with his parents, in 1837 ; in 1841, he went to Dayton and learned the carriage maker's trade, and, in 1845, started a little shop here, which he continued until 1862, when he enlisted in the 110th O. V. I., in which he served until the surrender of Lee at Appomattox ; after the war, he again engaged in the manufacture of carriages in Covington, and has continued the business ever since ; the shop now located on High street, is a two-story structure, the upper part being used for trimming and finishing, and the lower for storage and salesroom, where the most fastidious taste can be gratified with a satisfactory equipage ; the experience and reduced expenses of the firm (now Charles Gross & Son) enable them to sell as low as the lowest who furnish first-class work. Mr. Gross entered the army in 1862 as First Lieutenant, and returned in 1865 a Captain ; he was a prisoner nearly two years, eleven months of which were spent in the infamous Libby ; he was also one of the 600 officers who were placed under the fire of the Government .guns at Charleston ; he is now an active business man and respected citizen. He was married, in 1845, to Miss Mary A. Alio ways, of Preble Co.; they have three sons and two daughters ; the oldest son, W. H., is associated with his father in the factory.

J. B. HAMILTON, liver}-, Covington. Mr. Hamilton is a Buckeye, born in Lebanon, Warren Co., in 1852 ; he is a son of Russell C. Hamilton, an early resident of Warren Co., who removed to Shelby Co. in 1869. J. B. was married in Shelby Co. to Clarissa Sims, daughter of J. C. Sims, an early resident of Shelby soon after his marriage, he removed to Miami Co., and farmed in the vicinity of Fletcher until 1877, when he engaged in the livery business in Fletcher; he removed to Covington in October, 1878, where he succeeded Lewis Face in the livery business, and has lately associated Mr. McGinnis with him. in order to meet the increased demands of his growing business.

JOHN HARRISON, physician, Covington. Among the professional men of Covington, none are more worthy of special mention than Dr. Harrison ; he was born in Montgomery Co. in 1821 ; when 15 years of age, went to Middletown, taking an academic course, after which he engaged in mercantile pursuits ; in 1841, he began to read medicine ; in 1842, his father, Isaac Harrison, died, leaving him dependent on his own resources, but, being determined to pursue his studies, he resorted to different means of raising funds, sometimes teaching, at others clerking, and ran a woolen-mill, during night time, one year, sandwiching his studies with his work ; finally, by a little help from his brother-in-law, he was enabled to finish his professional studies, and graduated at the Ohio Medical College in 1844; commenced practice in Tippecanoe the same year; came to Covington in 1846, where he has continued practice ever since ; during his residence here, he has also contributed to the business interests of Covington, having been associated with Mr. Routson in 1858, when the business now conducted by A. Routson & Son was inaugurated ; in the spring of 1869, he, in company with J. B. Latchford, established a drug store, from which, in 1872, Mr. Latchford retired ; L. S. Harrison, son of Dr. Harrison, took charge, and continued the business until 1876, when the son, who was a graduate of pharmacy, desiring a larger place, and the Doctor having his time entirely occupied in taking care of his large practice, they sold out ; Dr. Harrison is now one of the oldest practicing physicians in Miami Co., and a leading and influential citizen ; his office is located at the corner of High and Ullery streets, and is a part of his large, substantial residence. He was married Jan. 19, 1849, to Miss H. M. Dunham, of Piqua ; they have had five children - three sons and two daughters - of whom the first-born died in infancy, three are residents of this county, and one of Terre Haute, Ind.

JACOB A. N. HARRY, farmer ; P. 0. Covington. Jacob A. N. Harry, a son of John, and grandson of Jacob Harry, Sr., a native of North Carolina, who emigrated to Ohio September, 1811 ; located in Montgomery Co. ; served in the war of 1812 ; was detailed to sled provisions from below Dayton to Forts Larimor and Defiance ; John Harry was bom in Guilford Co., N. C., March 27, 1810 ; came to Ohio with his parents when quite small, and had a pioneer's education ; in the year 1848, he located in Tippecanoe, in this county ; remained there five years, then moved to Darke Co., and was engaged in making brick ; in 1858, lie removed to this county, and located in this township. Jacob A. N., born Oct. 17, 1856, in Darke Co., Ohio, is a young man that is well respected, and promises something for the future.

SAMUEL HARTLE, retired farmer ; P. O. Bradford. Samuel Hartleisa son of Frederick Hartle. a native of Blair Co., Penn., who emigrated to Ohio in 1829, and located upon the farm where his son Samuel resides. The subject of this sketch was born in Blair Co., Penn., Sept. 22, 1825 ; came to Ohio with his parents when quite small ; was reared and educated as a farmer ; soon after his father's death, which occurred in 1861, he rented his farm, and has since lived a retired life ; he is living a single life, on a No. 1 farm, lying in the northwest part of Newberry Township, and is highly respected by the citizens of his neighborhood.

A. J. HARTLE, farmer ; P. 0. Covington. A. J. Hartle was born July 5, 1841, upon the farm where he now lives ; his early life was spent helping his father and attending the district school ; he is a son of John Hartle, a native of Pennsylvania, who came to Ohio in the year 1820, and located in Newberry Township. When the subject of this sketch was 19 'years old, he enlisted in the 44th 0. V. I. ; was in the engagements at Lewisburg, Hutton Hill, Lynchburg (lasting twentytwo days), Liberty, Beverly, and a great man}" others ; was discharged in August, 1865. He married Miss Catharine, a daughter of John Lindsay, deceased; they had five children, of whom four are living, viz., Carrie B., Rosa A., Ottie May and Luedna.

JAMES HARTLE, farmer; P. 0. Covington. James Hartle is a son of Frederick Hartle, deceased, and brother of Samuel, whose biography will be found in this work ; was born in Blair Co., Penn., Jan. 28, 1828, and came to Ohio with his parents when 1 year old ; he was raised a farmer, and has always been engaged in the business. His marriage with Miss Catharine, a daughter of Peter Lehman, deceased, of Darke Co., was celebrated Dec. 18, 1851 ; they had nine children, viz., Elizabeth, Lavina T., Columbus, Frederick, La Fayette, Albert, Calvin, Ora and Dr. Franklin.

PHILIP HARTZELL, carpenter and millwright ; P. 0. Covington. Mr. Hartzell, one of the old residents, is a son of Philip Hartzell, Sr., who was a native of Pennsylvania, and came to Ohio when a young man with his father, Adam Hartzell. Adam located in Montgomery Co., about 1800, and resided in that county until his decease. Philip, Sr., married Elizabeth Miller, came to this county and settled on Greenville Creek, either just before or immediately after the war of 1812 ; his decease occurred in Covington, he being in the 68th year of his age. The subject of this sketch was born in 1824, and grew to manhood here in the pioneer days of Newberry Township ; went to school in the first house built for school purposes, on Greenville Creek ; Mr. Hartzell's life has been varied with success and reverses ; he remained on the farm with his father until he arrived at his majority, worked at millwrighting about one year, then worked at bridge building, first as a hand, and later he became a contractor ; for several years was the principal contractor in the county, and built nearly all the bridges in Miami Co.; while repairing an old bridge, the old timbers suddenly gave way, and he fell on the stony ground some twenty feet beneath ; some of the timbers falling on him and crushing the frontal bone, required the removal of a portion and the placing of a silver plate instead, which he now carries, the only mark or reminder of his fearful accident being the ugly scar and sunken spot on his forehead, underneath which is silver plate instead of bone ; in 1860, he was an equal partner in the Covington flour-mill, and had a large investment in property in Covington, but, being some in debt, the pressure of 1861 compelled him to sacrifice heavily ; he soon recovered sufficiently to buy a mill at Casstown, but in 1868, a fire swept awa}" the labor of years and left him with almost nothing ; he managed to trade into a coal mining company in the Hocking Valley, and in two years had an interest worth $6,500, which he exchanged for a mill at Sidney that he sold for $9,000 ; in 1872, he bought the Burket mill property, in Union Township, which he improved considerably, and when he had it nicely fixed it took fire and burned ; there being no insurance, he was unable to re-build, but still owns the site, including 60 acres of land ; since the last misfortune, Mr. Hartzell has resumed his trade. He was married in 1846, to Elizabeth Swisher, daughter of Jacob Swisher, who was an early resident of this county, and resided in the same neighborhood with the Hartzells, but at the time of her marriage she was a resident of Darke Co ; they have seven children.

ROBERT N. HARWOOD, farmer ; P. O. Covington ; his father, John Harwood, was a native of England ; came to America in 1832, located at Saratoga, N.

Y., and, in 1854, came to Meigs Co., Ohio, living there until 1862, when he removed to this county. The subject of this sketch was born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., Aug. 1, 1840 ; he came here with his parents ; was raised a farmer, and is now engaged in that pursuit ; Mr. Harwood is living a single life.

DANIEL HAY, retired farmer ; P. 0. North Clayton. Daniel Hay, a son of John Hay, a native of Bedford Co., Penn., emigrated to Ohio in 1816 ; entered land in Newberry Township, near where North Clayton is now situated ; they had to open the road from Harrison Creek to their land themselves ; his nearest neighbors were more than a mile away, through the woods. He, with the help of hi3 family, began the laborious task of opening a farm in the woods, in a new country ; they endured all the hardships and disadvantages connected with the early settling of the country. Daniel Hay, born in Bedford Co., Penn., Feb. 22, 1813, came to Ohio with his parents, when only years old ; was reared and educated in the woods ; his school advantages were very limited, as he did not receive ten months' schooling in all ; he remembers when he would see ten Indians to one white man ; he was the second Assessor in Newberry Township, has held several public offices, has been Township Trustee, and Justice of the Peace four years, never having a case sent to the court ; he was School Director for thirty-five years in succession. Mr. Ha}^ married Miss Sarah J., a daughter of John Kinsinger, one of the very first settlers in the county; their children are Mary M., Jesse A., Anna E., Daniel C. and Emma A. In the year of 1852, he went West, bought 123 head of cattle in Missouri, and drove them across the plains to California ; returned the next year.

D. HECKENDORN, farmer ; P. 0. Covington. D. Ileckendorn, born in Perry Co., Penn., Aug. 6, 1818, was raised principally on a farm ; when 18 years of age, he began to learn the carpenter's trade, which he worked at about twelve years. He moved to Ohio in the }^ear 1838, and located first in Newton Township, Miami Co., remained there until 1864 ; came to this township (Newberry) and located on the farm where he now lives ; he has a farm of 88 acres, northwest of North Clayton, in Sec. 12 ; he has also 200 acres of land in Kansas. He has three times been married ; first, with Miss Anna, a daughter of William Long, of Newton Township ; she died June 2, 1849, leaving four children - Mary A., Catharine J., Esther and William J ; his second marriage was with Mary A., a daughter of Jacob Reiber, of Newton Township, who died April 10, 1858 ; they had six children by this union, two living - Levi A. and John R. ; Nov. 24, 1864, he married Barbara Aspenall (Fults), a daughter of Jacob Fults, of Indiana. Mr. Heekendorn is a member of the Christian Church in North Clayton.

BENNETT HELMAN, farmer ; P. O. Bradford. Bennett Helman is a son of Adam Helman, a native of Pennsylvania, who came to Ohio in the year 1864 and located near Bradford, in Darke Co., where he is living at the present time. Bennett was born in Indiana Co., Penn., Jan. 15, 1850 ; his early life was spent assisting his father on the farm and attending school ; after he attained his majority, he clerked in the Bradford hotel and dining hall ; he also clerked awhile in a dry-goods store ; he owned a third-interest in a fiouring-mill in Gettysburg, Darke Co., Ohio, where he was engaged in the milling business for several years. In 1876, he purchased his beautiful farm of 52 acres with good improvements, located about one mile south of Bradford, on the Covington and Gettysburg Pike. His marriage was celebrated Sept. 3, 1869, with Miss Mollie, a daughter of Levi Gilbert, a native of Lancaster Co., Penn, now living in Darke Co., Ohio.

II. G. HEOFFER, minister, North Clayton. H. G. Heoffer, born in Clayton, Jan. 19, 1846, was raised and educated in that town ; when 20 years old, he learned the trade of a plasterer, which he worked at thirteen years. During this time, he was preparing himself for the ministry ; he was licensed to preach the Gospel at Yellow Springs Sept 5, 1877, and ordained at North Clayton Sept. 29, 1878, minister of the Christian Church. He was united in marriage with Miss Hannah Ballenger March 20, 1869. They had three children - Lizzie Hortense, Maggie Capitola and Charles D. C. H. G. is a son of John Heoffer, a native of Lancaster Co., Penn., who came to Ohio in 1845 and located at Clayton.

HENRY HILL, dealer in farm implements, stock, etc., Covington. Henry y son of John Hill, a native of Maryland, emigrated to Ohio about the y ear 1803, and located on Stillwater, south of Pleasant Hill, Newton Township, Miami Co. He served in the war of 1812 ; was Captain in Ft. Greenville. Henr}> was born in Newton Township June 17, 1823 ; his early life was spent in helping his father upon the farm ; his schooling was very limited. When in his 19th year, he married Miss Amelia, a daughter of Zachariah Green, of Newton Township. From this union they had eight children, of whom five are living. Mrs. Hill died about the year 1860. Mr. Hill was again united in marriage, Oct. 12, 1861, with Mary (Dunham) Mowry. When he began life for himself, he received $300 from his father's estate, and his father-in-law gave him 70 acres of timber land south of Pleasant Hill ; he lived there twenty -two years, and during that time added to his 70 acres, 132 acres more; he opened or cleared 125 acres himself; in 1865, he sold his farm for $9,065, and purchased a farm of 80 acres a short distance west of Covington, where he now resides ; he has since added 16 acres to this farm ; by industry and economy he has accumulated considerable property ; he has a tract of land east of Covington, a lot and warerooms in Covington, and a beautiful residence in Versailles, Darke Co., Ohio. He is dealing extensively in farm implements, machinery of all kinds, etc.

MARTIN HIMES, grain dealer, Covington. Among the important business enterprises of Covington is the grain warehouse operated by the firm of Shuman & Himes, of which Mr. Himes is the active man ; he is a " Buckeye " by birth, in Montgomery Co., in 1823 ; removed to Greene Co. in 1848, and came to Miami Co. in 1865 ; he first purchased a farm about one mile east of Covington, where he resided, being occupied in farming until 1873, when he came to Covington and engaged in grain buying in connection with J. R. Shuman, whose biography also appears in this work ; their business has gradually increased and is now quite extensive ; they have lately erected a large crib and fitted it with the necessary machinery for shelling, cleaning and handling corn ; they are also handling a large quantity of tobacco, besides their usual quantity of grain. Mr. Himes was married in 1846 to Miss Anna Vancleave, also of Montgomery Co. Her father was a nephew of John Vancleave (Old Johnny, as he was called), who laid out the city of Dayton. Mr. Himes has two children living - Robert W., Assistant Superintendent and teacher in the Covington school, and Chas. M., R. R. agent and dealer in' agricultural implements, Covington.

EMANUEL HOOVER, farmer ; P. 0. Bradford. Emanuel Hoover, a son of Isaac Hoover, a native of Blair Co., Penn., came to Ohio in the jear 1818 and located in Newberry Township upon land entered by John Brumbaugh; Mr. Hoover went into the woods and opened his farm Jan. 1, 1828, but was crippled for life at a raising. Emanuel was born in Blair Co., Penn., Sept. 9, 1817 ; became with his parents to Ohio when quite small ; was raised and educated in the neighborhood where he lives ; he never learned a trade, but is naturally a carpenter, and has worked a good deal at the business. He has twice been married - first with Miss Lydia Weaver, April 14, 1842; she died June 1, 1844, leaving one child - Elizabeth. His second marriage occurred Oct. 9, 1848, with Rachel Boocher ; from this union they had ten children, seven living, viz., Catharine, John B., Lydia B., Levi, Sarah A., Isaac and Nancy. Mr. Hoover was elected first degree minister in the German Baptist Church Aug. 5, 1863, and was promoted to the second degree in 1868 ; Jan. 25, 1878, he was elected Bishop or Elder of the Upper District Church, and is a man that is highly respected and esteemed by all who know him.

GEORGE HOWARD, farmer ; P. O. North Clayton. George Howard was born in York Co., Penn., Jan. 26, 1800 ; he emigrated to Ohio about the year 1822, and located first in Montgomerj' Co.; lived there six }^ears, then moved to Wayne Co., Ind.; he remained there about a year, came back to Ohio and located in this county ; lived here several years, then moved to Darke Co., where he lived twenty years ; he then came back to this county and located near North Clayton. Mr. Howard has done a great deal of hard labor. He is now over 80 years old, being educated and raised to manhood in Pennsylvania. He has twice been married ; first with Miss Mary Blickensalve, of his native place, who died in 1855, leaving five children ; his second marriage was with Mary Hughes (Edington), a native of Virginia, who had three children with her first husband ; from this union they had one child - Quintila. He has a farm of 170 acres near Clayton.

T. HUBBARD, farmer ; P. O. Piqua. Timothy Hubbard, born in Tipperar}' Co., Ireland, came to America about the year 1848, and located in Piqua, Ohio. He was raised as a farmer, and has always been engaged in that pursuit. He married Martha, a daughter of Samuel E. Burns, a native of Pennsylvania (she was John Carson's widow) ; she had one child, Edwin Carson ; of this union they had seven children, three living - James IB, Michael W. and Martha J.

A. J. JOHNSTON, fanner ; P. 0. Covington ; son of Frederick J., a native of Ireland, who came to America in 1806, and located in Greene Co., Ohio ; he entered land and lived upon it until his death, which occurred two years ago, at the age of 104 years and 3 months. A. J. Johnston was born on the sea Dec. 25, 1806 ; he was reared a farmer, and helped his father to clear the farm ; Jan. 1, 1837, he came to this county and located in Covington, where he kept hotel for two years ; then moved to the Greenville Falls, and followed coopering for ten years ; in 1850, he purchased a quarter-section of woodland, about half way between Covington and Piqua, for $700 ; in 1864, he sold it for $11,000, and purchased the farm where he now resides for $6,000. Mr. J. has twice been married, first to Eliza, a daughter of J. W. Maxwell, of Preble Co., Ohio ; from this union they had one child, Eliza, who married Richard Adams, now residing in Wisconsin ; his second marriage occurred in 1836, to Mary A., a daughter of Giles Thompson, of Greene Co., Ohio ; they had six children, five of whom are living - Louisa J., James A., Frederick W., John K. and Edward.

A. H. JONES, farmer ; P. O. Covington ; son of Joseph Jones, a native of North Carolina; emigrated to Ohio about the year 1829 with his mother, and located in Newton Township, Miami Co.; when 14 years old, he was bound to Henry Knoop for $5 per }Tear ; while living with Mr. Knoop he learned the wagon-making trade ; after he obtained his freedom, he worked at his trade about seventeen years ; he then began buying and selling land until he had accumulated a great deal of property ; he died in the year 1877. A. H. was born Oct. 28, 1852, about one and a half miles west of Covington, on the Covington and Gettysburg pike ; he was raised and educated as a farmer, and has always been engaged in that pursuit. His marriage was celebrated Feb. 22, 1877, to Miss Martha, a daughter of David Ingle, a native of this county, now living in Montgomery Co., Ohio ; they had one child, Edward Forest.

J. M. KENDALL, farmer ; P. O. Piqua ; was born, Nov. 14, 1836, in this township ; was reared a farmer, but has been engaged in several other different pursuits ; he is now attending his farm, which lies in the north part of this township, and has everything tidy about the farm and premises, He married Miss Jerusha, a daughter of James Patterson, deceased ; they have three children - Olive B., Joseph L. and Matellus. His father, William Kendall, a native of Pennsylvania, was left an orphan, and, when 8 years old, he came to Ohio with an uncle, about the year 1813 ; in early life, he learned the carpenter's trade, and followed the business for ten or twelve years ; he purchased a farm in the northeast part of this township, and lived there until his decease.

JACOB KENDELL, M. I>., druggist and physician, Covington. Dr. Kendell, a life-resident of Miami Co., was born in Newton Township Dec. 16, 1845 ; his parents, Jerry and Mary (Boggs) Kendell, were early residents of Newton Township. His father s death occurred there in 1850, and his mother's in 1853. Jacob, being an orphan at 8 years of age, was cared for by an uncle until he was 12 years of age, during which the uncle made him pay more attention to work than schooling. He then became the ward of Dr. Weaver, whose biography also appears in this work, and who not only gave him opportunity for education, but also encouraged him. When he arrived at 18, he began teaching, and reading medicine.

He graduated at the Miami Medical College at Cincinnati, in 1869, and in the same year began practice in connection with Dr. Weaver, in which he has remained ever since. Weaver & Kendell are druggists as well as practitioners (see Dr. Weaver's biography). The Doctor is the present Township Clerk, and highly respected both as a citizen and physician. His residence is a neat brick, situated on High street.

LEWIS KENSINGER, grain dealer, Covington. Mr. Kensinger is the present representative of one of the first pioneer families of Newberry Township, and is a life resident of Miami Co. His father, John Kensinger, born in Maryland in 1796 ; married Mary Hulings ; came from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1805, and to Miami Co. in 1808. He was a millwright by trade, and resided near Covington. During his early residence here he was employed a great part of his time aiding in surveying and locating land for settlers. His patriotism was a marked characteristic. During the war of 1812 he was a member of the " Frontier Guards," and when troops were being enlisted during the late war, he, although nearly three-score and ten, uselessly, but honestly, offered his services. In 1820, he entered a tract of land about a mile north of Covington, where he resided about ten }^ears, then sold it and purchased the farm also north of Covington, where he resided the balance of his days. Mr. Kensinger, Sr., was of the desirable kind of pioneer. He was a member of the Masonic order, also of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, a man universally respected and esteemed, and regarded as an excellent Christian citizen. His decease occurred in 1872. The subject of this sketch was born in 1832. His youth was spent on tlje farm, receiving such education as the common school afforded, until about 18 years of age. He then worked three years at millwrighting, but soon after learning the trade engaged in farming, at which he continued about ten years, then engaged in milling, grain buying, etc., and has been occupied in merchandising in some form ever since. He is now engaged in grain buying, in connection with Mr. Flockemmer, under the firm style of Flockemmer & Kensinger. They are among the most reliable and extensive business men of Covington. Mr. Kensinger was married in 1852 to Alice Hitchin, only daughter of William Hitchin, who was a native of England. Alice was born in Ohio in 1834 ; they have five children.

JACOB LINK, farmer ; P. 0. Piqua ; is a son of David Link, of Montgomery Co., Ohio, who came to his death by cramp while bathing in the Miami River. Jacob Link was born in Montgomery Co. Jan. 30, 1831 ; grew to manhood upon a farm, and, when 20 years old, began the business of running a thrashing machine ; he ran the first machine in Montgomery Co., and has followed the business most every season up to the present time. He served as Trustee in Montgomery Co. during the whole time of the late war, and has held the same office in this township. His marriage with Miss Sarah D., daughter of Jacob Darner, of Maryland, was celebrated Feb. 23, 1853 ; they had eleven children, eight living - Calvin, Charles E., D. B., Francis D., William H., Oscar H., Emma May and Samuel J. Mr. Link has 157 acres of land.

C. E. LINK, farmer ; P. 0. Covington ; is a son of Jacob Link ; was born in Montgomery Co., Ohio, Jan. 25, 1856. Was united in marriage Jan. 30, 1879, with Miss Eliza, daughter of Mathias Ingle, of this township, and grand-daughter of Philip Ingle, and great-granddaughter of Michael Ingle, one of the first settlers in this township, who entered the farm now owned by her father ; Mrs. Link's father was born Feb. 8, 1823, on the farm entered by his grandfather, and has done his share in improvement. He was married to Miss Lindsay, a daughter of John Rike, deceased, and has one child - Mathias J.

J. H. LONG & BROTHER, milling, North Clayton. J. H. Long was born in Wayne Co., Ind., Aug. 31, 1840, and William H. Long was born in the same county, Jan. 2, 1842 ; are sons of Peter Long, a native of Pennsylvania, now living in Elk Co., Kan. ; they were raised and educated upon a farm ; J. H. learned the milling business when young, in which he is still engaged ; he worked eleven years in Darke Co., in the Bear's, Hoover and Foster mills ; two years in Preble Co., near New Paris, and one year in the Greenville Falls mills, in this county. W. H., when young, learned the trade of a carpenter, which he followed four or five years. In 1875, they purchased the Clayton Mills, and have been doing a good custom business ; they make a good grade of flour, that will compete with any made in the county. W. H. is the patentee of the White Lily or improved Providence Washing Machine, one of the most complete washers ever put before the public. J. H. married Miss Sarah, a daughter of William Hess, of Darke Co., April 2, 1862 ; they have had five children, four living - Mary E., Laura E., John W. and Cora E.

JAMES McCL ARY, farmer ; P. 0. Covington; is one of the old residents of Miami Co., having been born Feb. 18, 1821, on a farm about two miles north of Covington, where he has resided almost continuously for more than a half-century. His father, John McClar}-, was a native of Kentucky ; came to Miami Co. as early as 1812 ; was a soldier in the latter part of the last struggle with the red men here. Married Miss Eliza Brandon ; she was a native of South Carolina ; her father, Benjamin Brandon, a soldier in the Revolution, emigrated with his famih* to Miami Co. about 1812, and located near Piqua ; Mr. McClary, Sr., located near Covington, soon after his marriage, where he remained until his decease ; James remembers going to school, when a small boy, by a path his father had cut through the woods ; books being scarce and money scarcer, an alphabet was pasted on a sort of paddle which served for a primer ; when a little older, he was often sent to mill ; mounted upon the sack of wheat, which was thrown across the back of a trusty horse, he would strike out by the bridle path for the mill, which was on the Miami, near Piqua ; he usually went to the mill and got his grist the first day, returning as far as Grandpa Brandon's, where he would stay all night, have a good time with the children, and return home with his flour the next day ; such were some of the disadvantages experienced by the youth of those daj^s ; as he grew older, there was, of course, gradual improvement and increased facilities. In 1842, he was united in marriage with Miss Nancy, daughter of George Buchanan, who was among the first settlers of Newbeny Township ; after his marriage, he built a house on a small tract, a part of the old homestead which his father had given him ; a few years later, his parents having died, he sold out and went to Piqua, where he resided about eighteen months, in the meantime purchasing several shares in his father's estate ; then returned to the old homestead, bought out the other heirs, becoming the owner of the farm upon which he was born, wdiere his youth and early manhood were spent ; his son, George D., lives on and cultivates it, Mr. McClary having removed to his residence in the north part of Covington about six }Tears ago ; Mr. McClary has grown with the county, and his associations and history are inseparably interwoven with the history of Newberry Township ; he has served it as Assessor, and is now one of the Board of Trustees ; he has a family of three children living, and one dead.

T. S. McGINNIS, liveryman, Covington. Mr. McG innis was a native of Ohio, born in Champaign Co. in 1845; his parents removed to Shelb\T Co. the year of his birth, and he there grew to manhood ; was married to Miss Bell Woodard and resided there, being occupied in farming ; recently he moved to Covington, where he is now engaged in the livery business in connection with Mr. J. B. Hamilton, whose biography also appears in this work ; Mr. McGinnis comes of pioneer stock, his ancestors on both sides being Virginians and early emigrants to Kentucky ; his great-grandfather was scalped by the Indians in his own dooryard, near Maysville. Ky. ; his grandfather removed from Kentucky to Champaign Co., Ohio, in 1812, and served in the army during the war; Mr. McGinnis is now in the prime of life, and is an active, energetic man, just embarking in a new business venture, in which there seems to be a good prospect of success.

0. M. McGOWEN, liveryman, Covington. Mr. McGowcn. a native of Virginia, was born in 1817 ; came to Ohio when a child, and lived in the vicinity of Dayton until about 1845, during which time he learned the bricklayer's trade ; he then came to Miami Co., first located near Piqua, and was engaged in farming until 1864, when he engaged in the livery business in Piqua; in August, 1865, he removed his stock to Covington, and has continued the business here ever since.

Mr. McGowen is now doing a very satisfactory business here ; his stable is located on the north side of the C., C. & I. C. It. R, near the depot, where he keeps livery equipments fully equal to the demands of the place ; his residence, situated on the same lot and near the stable, is a very neat and comfortable home.

GEORGE W. McMAKEN, farmer and stock-dealer ; P. 0. Covington. George W. McMaken, farmer and stock-dealer, is a son of John McMaken, Sr., a native of Kentucky, who came to this county when the howling of the wolves was as familiar as the barking of dogs is now ; he located on the farm where George W. now lives ; he brought a fine lot of cattle from Butler Co., Ohio, and lost all of them with milk-sickness ; he lived to the good old age of 78 years ; his wife still survives, is 80 years old and enjoys good health. George W. was born in this county July 13, 1836, on the farm where he now lives ; he married Miss Hannah E. Aspinall, a native of England ; they had three children, of whom two are living - Frank L. and John Ellsworth.

MICHAEL MAIER, wagon and carriage manufacturer ; P. 0. and residence Covington. Mr. Maier was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, in 1835 ; received the usual schooling until 14 years of age, when he began work at his trade, which he has followed ever since. He came to America in 1853 ; first worked in Hartford, Conn., about four years, then came West and located in Covington, where he worked a few months for C. M. Gross, then bought a shop on the Troy .pike and carried on business until 1864, when he bought out Gross, and has continued the business at Gross' old stand ever since. The shop, located on Spring street, between High and Pearl streets, is a two-story structure, the upper part being used for finishing and trimming. This long experience enables him to turn out firstclass work of all kinds, at low prices. His residence is situated at the corner of Pearl and Spring streets, adjoining the shop. He was married in 1859, to Agnes M., daughter of George Neth ; they have had seven children, five sons and two daughters. Mr. Maier has been a member of the Town Council several years ; has also been both Town and Township Treasurer the past four years, and is one of the " substantial citizens of Covington.

DAVID J. MARTIN, P. 0. and residence Covington ; is a son of Jacob Martin, and grandson of John Martin ; his grandfather came from " Morrison's Cove, ''Penn., through Cincinnati, Ohio, and located in Warren Co., when there was but one frame building in Cincinnati. Jacob grew to manhood in W arren Co., and was married first to Abigail Thomas, who was of a Quaker famity, and the mother of David J. ; they removed to this county in 1830, and located in this township, near Cla}Tton. Mr. Martin was a millwright, and built a great many mills in this vicinity ; he laid out the town of Clayton, and was a useful and respected citizen ; he removed to Iowa in 1852, and died there in 1856, at the age of 68. The subject of this sketch was born in Warren Co. in 1829, but grew up in Miami Co. ; he learned the blacksmith's trade in a machine shop in Piqua, and followed his trade here and in Piqua, until 1862. He enlisted in the United States Army, was mustered with the 110th 0. V. I., and remained in the service until after he witnessed the surrender of Lee, at Appomattox ; since his return he has invented, or rather perfected the invention of, a " tweer " for blacksmith's forges, for which he has a patent, and which is now in very general use ; he also invented an automatic car-coupler, which ought to be in general use, and would be, but for the parsimoniousness of railroad corporations, who place more value on a few dollars than upon the lives and limbs of their servants ; he has also patented an animal-trap, which has been quite extensively introduced, and is meeting with general favor. He organized the Covington Silver Mining Company, who purchased a mine near Rosita, in Custer Co., Colo., which is now being successfully operated by a Philadelphia company that have it leased. In 1873, he organized what is known as the Covington Stone Company, of which he is the only resident member, and of which he has had the sole charge. The company now employ from five to fifteen hands, and are shipping stone to all points within reasonable distance, their sales amounting to about $8,000 per year. Mr. Martin is an active, wide-awake business man, and an old.

respected citizen of Covington. His residence is situated on the Piqua pike, near the eastern corporate limits. He was married in 1851 to Miss Mary, daughter of Samuel Thompson, -whose biography also appears in this work.

A. F. MIKESELL, farmer ; P. 0. Covington. A. F. Mikesell, a son of John Mikesell, whose biography appears in this work ; was born in this county, New*ton Township, July 3, 1842 ; he was raised in the mercantile and milling business, but when 20 years of age, began farming, and has been engaged in that occupation ever since ; he has a beautiful farm north of Covington, where he resides ; his barn, built in the form of an octagon, is novel, odd and beautiful. Mr. Mikesell's marriage with Miss Jane Beery was celebrated Jan. 1, 1867 ; she was a daughter of Levi Beery, a native of this State, now residing in Henry Co., Iowa. They had six children - Arthur, Alma, Elnora, Yinnia, Maurice and John L.

JOHN MIKESELL, retired, Covington. Mr. Mikesell, a native of Pennsylvania,* is a son of William Mikesell, who came from Bedford Co., Penn., to this county in 1822, and settled in Newton Township, where he resided until his death, which occurred in 1856. The subject of this sketch was born in Bedford Co. in 1817, and grew to manhood on the farm in Newton Township ; when 20 years of age, he began to learn wagon-making, which he followed until 1847, when, on account of ill health, he sold out and engaged in merchandising in Covington, which he continued about seven years ; after which he purchased the " Sugar Grove Mill " in Newton Township, and afterward the Covington, now called Dunkel's, Mill, and operated it from 1859 to 1865, Mr. J. C. Ullery being associated with him ; after he sold out his milling interest, he engaged in the " tree " trade, in which he continued until the fall of 1879, when he retired ; he is now occupied in looking after his lands and other affairs, and attending to such public business as the people choose to place upon him. Mr. Mikesell is the present Land Appraiser, a useful, respected citizen, having grown up in Miami Co., and identified with some of its important industries which have helped to develop the county. He owns, besides his residence, a nice property' on High street, in the south part of town ; 150 acres north of and adjoining the corporation ; also 140 acres about twro miles northeast. He has been twice married ; his first marriage, with Susan Fridley, of Pennsylvania, was celebrated at her home in Franklin Co. in 1841 ; her death occurred in this county in 1845. His second marriage was with Betty Thompson, daughter of Capt. John Thompson, and was celebrated in 1846. They are both worthy members of the German Baptist Church, and useful, respected members of the community. He had three children by his first wife - A. F., Mary M. Bapp, of Montgomery Co., and Elizabeth Mohler. By his second wife he had three children - Catherine B., now Mrs. William V. Swisher, of Union City ; Mellie and Jennie.

ADAM MINNICH, Justice, Covington ; is one of the oldest residents of Miami Co. now living in Covington ; he was born in Pennsylvania in 1810 ; his 3*011 tli was spent on a farm, and he had the privilege of attending school in winter ; in 1832, he came to Montgomery Co., Ohio ; in the following year came to Covington, where he has resided continuously ever since. There were not, when he arrived, over half a dozen houses in the town, not one of which is now standing, except as a part of some remodeled building. Mr. Minich has been identified with the interests of Miami Co., and particularly of Covington, nearly a half-century, having been engaged in merchandising almost continuous!}* until 1860, since which he has occupied some of the local offices, being the present Justice at Covington. He was married in 1838 to Miss Mary A. Shade, daughter of Jeremiah Shade, who was a native of Pennsylvania, and came to Miami Co. about the same time Mr. Miunich did. Mar}* was born in 1818, and was the mother of fourteen children, ten of whom are living.

RICHABD MORROW, farmer ; P. O. Covington. Richard Morrow is a sou of Allen Morrow, a native of Pennsylvania ; emigrated to Ohio in the year 1812 :. located first in Hamilton Co., afterward moved to Montgomery Co., and in 1837 arrived in this county and located in Washington Township, where he lived until death. The subject of this sketch was born in Armstrong Co., Penn.; after he attained his manhood he farmed eight years, then kept a hotel in Waynesville.

Warren Co., Ohio, for fourteen years ; came to the conclusion that it was not a good place for his children, sold out and bought a farm in this township, where he now lives. He married Miss Ruth Beck, of Greene Co., August, 1837. They had eight children, of whom five are living, all married.