Pike Township (part 14 of 20)

On the afternoon of the night of the retreat, a confederate flag approached the gap. It seemed like a reconnoissance under a flag of truce. Morgan sent out Colonel Gallup, Fourteenth Kentucky, to receive it. He took along a box of cigars and as long as possible. By mischance 'the quartermaster's buildings were fired, and the smoke curled over Poor Valley ridge, which masks a view of the gap from the south, and beyond which the representatives of the stars and bars and the stars and stripes were coquetting with each other.

The confederates returned to their lines while the work of preparation went on. On the previous night a large wagon train was sent north under the escort of the Thirty-third Indiana and Wetmore's battery, and during.the entire night of the seventeenth, the troops defiled through the gap. 'Toward day- light Gallup fired the great store-heuse on the mountain, those in the valley, and fired the immense magazine and arsenal. The explosion was heard at Cumberland Ford, fourteen miles away. By daylight the head of the column reached Flat Lick, twenty miles from the gap. That night the army rendezvoused at Manchester, where deCourcy was already in position. Here Morgan halted one day to organize for the struggle before him. Just before the column resumed the line of march on the morning of the nineteenth, the cavalry of Stephenson made a dash at Morgan's train, but were promptly repulsed by the Sixth Tennessee, under Colonel Cooper.

Proctor, on the Kentucky river, was an important strategic point, and had it been occupied by a proper force, what the result would have been cannot now be known. It is situated on the high and abrupt banks of the river, and the crossing might have been rendered doubtful. General John H. Morgan had been there on the previous night, but after destroying the large flouring-mills and a large quantity of flour, he fell back upon Irvine. The moment General George W. Morgan reached Proctor he pushed a brigade across the rlver, with a battery, and took possession of the opposite bank. This done, the point of greatest danger was passed.

At Proctor there are diverging roads, one leading towards Irvine; two others, one of them almost impassable, towards Hazle Green; one running along a narrow ridge, and the other along the North fork of the Kentucky. The former road was almost destitute of water, and the little that was to be found was in holes away down eighty or cne hundred feet amid the cliffs. The North fork was seldom travelled, and in many places had been washed away by the winter and spring freshets. Baird and Carter, the latier in front, were directed to proceed by that route, with the wagon train; and the credit of saving it from being abandoned or destroyed was mainly due to General Baird, and the indefatigable Captain Patterson.

With the brigades of Spears and de Courcy, Morgan advanced along the ridge to Hazle Green, where he halted one day, to let the brigades of Carter and Baird come up. Two confederate officers were captured at that place. From them Morgan learned that two divisions of Kirby Smith were at Mount Sterling, on the main road between Lexington and Pound Gap, and that Humphrey Marshall was expected there. During the day, Carter came up, and as it was important to occupy West Liberty, in order to cut off communication between Pound Gap and Lexington, the next morning Morgan pushed forward with the brigades of Spears, de Courcy, and Carter, with the intention of awaiting Baird at West Liberty.

Between Proctor and Hazle Green John Morgan hovered about the Union column, and let no chance of advantage escape him; but it was between Hazle Green and West Liberty that he gave his namesake serious trouble. Every defile was blockaded with felled trees and huge rocks; and from every ambush, from behind which a dash could be made and a retreat be effected, was utilized. But the men of George Morgan were skilled in removing blockades, and abundantly supplied with axes, saws, block and tackle. Frequently, the advance guard of the Union general surprised the confederates in the very act of blockading the roads. A sharp skirmish would be the result, and it is believed that the confederates fared the worst. At one point the road was so thoroughly blockaded that an inspection showed that it would be easier to hew out a.new road through the forest, than to clear the old one. The ring of a thousand axes was soon heard in the forest, and every block and

The moment Morgan reached West Liberty, he advanced with the brigade of de Courcy across a little stream, the only running water for twenty miles, towards Mount Sterling, and there planted his batteries and went into bivouac. Had an enemy advanced from Mount Sterling. he would have gone into action with his men and horses parched with thirst. But no enemy came. Morgan remained in position two days, and, as Baird had come up, the march was resumed towards the Ohio river.

It had been the purpose of Smith to attack Morgan, and for this purpose he had sent two divisions to Mount Sterling; but Bragg determined to concentrate his entire army, and Smith was ordered to join him.

There was frequent skirmishing between the two Morgans along the route from West Liberty to Grayson, at which point the Union army arrived at midnight on the second of October; and the next day, after having made a march of two hundred and nineteen miles through a country which has but few equals in the obstacles to be overcome by an army, the ten thousand Union soldiers, ragged, barefooted and hungry, went into camp on the banks of the beautiful Ohio.

Throughout the march General Morgan was ably sustained by Generals Baird, Carter, Spears, and Colonel John F. de Courcy, and by all his officers and soldiers.

Throughout the loyal States great anxiety had been felt for the safety of our little army at Cumberland Gap; and at Richmond the troops of Morgan's division were regarded as prisoners of war. When it was learned that they had safely reached the Ohio, the entire press of the Joyal States spoke in terms of high commendation of Morgan and his successful retreat. The New York Post raygked it with the retreat of Xenephon; and the Herald demanded that he should be assigned to an independent command.

Major General Wright, then in command of the department of the Ohio, one of the ablest officers in our service, and now in command of the engineer department, made a report to the general in chief, from which the following extracts are made:

Headquarters Department Of The Ohio

GENERAL - I have the honor to transmit herewith a copy of the report of Brigadier General G. W. Morgan, dated the twelfth instant, detailing the circumstances occasioning the withdrawal of his forces from Cumberland Gap.

It appears from this report that the evacuation, which was in pursuance of the unanimous opinion of the general officers of the command, was a matter of necessity, arising from the provisions being exhausted, their communication being cut off, and no information of any prospect of relief being received.

While the evacuation of the gap is to be regretted, I do not see how, with starvation staring him inthe face, and with no certainty of relief being afforded, he could have come to any other conclusion than the one arrived at. : : After the unfortunate battle near Richmond, Kentucky, the entire country between the Ohio river and Cumberland Gap was in possession of the rebels.

H. G. Wright

The march of Generai Morgan from Cumberland Gap to the Ohio river was most successfully accomplished, and reflects much credit on him and his officers for the ski!l with which it was conducted, and on the men for the cheerfulness with which they bore the hardships of a toilsome march of some two hundred miles, on scanty fare, over a country affording little subsistence, and often for long marches with an insufficient supply of water. 2 : Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. G. WRIGHT, Major General commanding.

On the evacuation of Cumberland Gap, Captain de Silva and about two hyndred other Union soldiers were left in the hospital at that place. General Morgan had left a letter to General Stephenson, commending the sick and wounded in our hospital to his especial protection; and they were not only treated with kindness, but with marked courtesy. One day Captain de Silva was invited to dine with Colonels Rains and Vance, both brigade commanders, each of whom became a brigadier general.

During the dinner they narrated to Captain de Silva, Stephenson's plan for Morgan's capture, which the confederates regarded as certain. Colonel Vance's brigade was composed of five infantry regiments and five hundred Indians. at Baptist Gap, on the north side of the mountain, only four miles ftom Cumberland Gap. From Baptist Gap runs the Yellow Creek road, parallel to the Kentucky State road from Cumberland Gap. From the latter point is another road, parallel to the Kentucky road, but on the north and east side of the Cumberland river. On the morning of the eighteenth of September, Vance was to have passed along the Yellow Creek road, until within three miles of Cumberland ford, when he was to have crossed the mountain and placed his command in ambush along a defile of less than one hundred yards between the mountain and the river. The moment Morgan left the gap, Stephenson was to have sent five thousand men by the Harland road, on Morgan's right flank, while he was to press Morgan from the rear; and the north side of Cumberland ford was to have been occupied by infantry and artillery. Had these plans been executed, Morgan's division would have been in a network of steel.

In 1864 General Vance was a prisoner at Camp Chase, and Morgan wrote to him through the headquarters of General Heintzelman, commanding the district of Ohio; and Vance's reply was received through the same channel.

My dear sir: Your favor of yesterday from Columbus was handed to me to-day, and I hasten to make such response as I feel to be consistent with my duty to my feelings of embarrassment in fully complying with your request. While, therefore, I am anxious to gratify the desire of so gallant a foeman as you proved yourself to be, I must bear in mind that-my own brethren in arms are now_in front of Cumberland Gap. It is true that time has elapsed sufficient for the Federal troops to know every path across the mountains, and native guides, are doubtless, always in readiness to point out the passages; yet if by any turn a statement of mine should be used to the prejudice of my country, I should regard myself as blameable in the highest degree.

I think, although that my duty does not prevent my saying that I did have the honor to command a brigade at the time mentioned by you, and had the way opened, proposed for use, sufficiently to cross the mountain, and did effect a crossing, on the morning (September 18, 1862), the last of your troops left the Gap. Without going into details, I will say that in a short time our troops would have coyered the Yellow Creek and the

Harlan roads, in your rear, and would thus effectually have cut off your retreat, your front being pressed at the same time. It was the opinion of every officer of rank in the command, that you moved exactly at the proper time, and with great skill and judgment. Let it be borne in mind, that a few days previous, General Leadbetter was in your rear, and of course the difficulties of retreat would have been greatly enhanced. ' His moving off, and our other plans not consummated, left the way open for you, and you wisely availed yourself of the opening.

I remember with pleasure the chivalrous bearing of the troops on both sides in the frequent skirmishes between them, as well as the courtesy which prevailed in times of less excitement and activity.

Robert B. Vance

The narrative of Morgan's operations in the Cumberland mountains, cannot be better closed than by the following letter from Secretary Chase.

S. P. Chase

"TREASURY DEPARTMENT, June 23, 1864 My dear General: Your note with the copy of your letter to General Thomas (adjutant general of U.S. A.), was received this morning, and I thank you for the opportunity of reading the letter. It seems to show conclusively that had you been properly supported, east Tennessee would now have been permanently restored to the Union, and a great internal position secured, from which the Rebellion could have been struck in any direction effectively. I saw the great necessity for the movement in the spring of 1861, and conferred with General McClellan on the subject. It is a mystery to me that it has not been effected. Your ideas put into practical accomplishment, would have saved many a life and many a campaign. Sincerely yours, S. P. CHASE. BRIGADIER GENERAL MORGAN."

The Seventh division of the Army of the Ohio was now dissolved, and General Morgan was directed to report to General W. T. Sherman, at Memphis, with the brigade of de Courcy and Foster's battery. He was assigned to the command of the

Before the flotilla had left Memphis it was there known that President Lincoln had designated General John A. McClernand (an officer in whom he had great confidence), for the command of the army to operate against Vicksburgh. It is believed that the knowledge of that fact caused the premature departure of the army from Memphis, and the loss of one thousand eight hundred men in front of Chick.saw bluffs.

Sherman's army, then called the right wing of the Thirteenth army corps, was composed of the divisions of Steele, Morgan, Morgan L. Smith, and A. J. Smith.

causeways, each about twelve 'feet wide, led through the marshes to solid ground, but they were commanded by the trenches and batteries of the enemy.

The division of Steele was on the left, beyond the bayou, with one of the narrow causeways leading through the marsh to dry land. Steele reported that the position in his front was impregnable, and his division was massed on the left centre, in rear of the division of Morgan.

General Sherman regarded two lines of attack as practicable; the one in front of Morgan's division, and the other in front of the division of Morgan L. Smith. Of one of these practicable routes Sherman says:

''Meantime the Sixth Missouri infantry (division of M. L. Smith), at heavy loss, also crossed the bayou, but could not ascend the steep bank. Right over their heads was a rebel battery, whose fire was in a measure kept down by sharp-shooters posted behind logs, stumps, and trees, on our side of the bayou. The men of the Sixth Missouri actually scooped out with their hands caves in the bank, which sheltered them against the fire of the enemy, who right over their heads held their muskets outside of the parapet vertically and fired down."

Morgan's front was like that of Steele's original position, with the addition that Morgan had the bayou to overcome. His troops had to advance under fire, through a morass knee deep with tangled weeds and water, or over the narrow causeway, less than twelve feet wide.

Five brigades were under the immediate command of Morgan. The ground was such, that it was impossible to send more than two - each of four regiments, - to the assault.

In his official report written four days after the action was fought, Sherman says: ''It was near twelve o'clock (noon) when Morgan was ready." ig i! es "The assault was made, and a lodgment effected on the hard tableland near the county road, and the heads of the assaulting columns reached different points of the enemy's works, but then met so withering a fire from the rifle pits, and cross fire of grape and cannister from the batteries, that the columns faltered, and finally fell back to the point of starting, leaving many dead, wounded and prisoners in the hands of the enemy.

''General Morgan's first report to me was that the troops were not discouraged, though the losses in Blair's and de Courcy's brigades were heavy, and that he would renew the assault in half an hour, but the assault was not renewed."'

In twenty minutes time, the brigades of Blairand de Courcy, in killed, wounded, and taken prisoners, lost about one thou- Despite that, the troops were of good heart, and on any ground upon which a battle could have been fought, would. have advanced to the assault with a cheer.

making a reconnoissance, which showed the field strewn with the dying and the dead, and observing the confident calm along the lines of the enemy, who would not fire on the newly massed columns, although within easy range, he determined not to double the sacrifice, when there was no possibility of success; ordered the brigades to retire, and reported the fact to Sherman in person.

In his report, Sherman says: ''I assume all the responsibility, and attach fault to no one, and am generally satisfied with the high spirit manifested by all." '] attribute our failure to the strength of the enemy's position, both natural and artificial, and not to his superior fighting; but as we must all, in the future, have ample opportunities to test this quality, it is foolish to discuss it." "The only real fighting done during the assault, was done by Morgan's and Steele's divisions, and at the time of the crossing of the Sixth Missouri." The following is quoted from the Memoirs of Sherman:

''There was no bungling on my part, for I never worked harder, or with more intensity in my life; and General Grant, long after, in his report of the operations of the siege of Vicksburgh, gave us all full credit for the skill of the movement, and described the almost impregnable nature of the ground."

Napoleon was once asked, ''What qualities make the ablest general?" His reply was, ''He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes." And he might have added - there never was a general who did not make mistakes. After the return of the army from the capture and destruction of Post Arkansas, Grant reenforced it with additional troops, and still more by his own presence. Hecaptured Vicksburgh, but he did not attempt to do $0 from the direction of the Yazoo. He crossed to the Louisiana bank of the river; marched past Vicksburgh on the opposite side; run transports past the enemy's batteries in the night; recrossed the Mississippi and captured Vicksburgh. That was generalship, not a mistake; but it is a mistake to select the enemy's strongest point of defence for assault.

After the repulse at Chickasaw, General John A. McClernand assumed the command of the army, now styled the army of the Mississippi, which was organized into the First and Second corps. The command of the first corps composed of the divisions of A. J. Smith and Osterhaus, was assigned to Morgan; and the second, composed of the divisions of Steele and Stuart, to Sherman, successor to Morgan L. Smith.

The fort was defended by seven thousand five hundred men, and is thus described by Morgan in his report: '* Post Arkansas is situated on a bluff, about twenty-five feet above the water, on the left bank of the Arkansas, and two hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. The fort (since destroyed by order of Major General McClernand) was a little above a bend, and oblique to the river, facing southwest and northeast. On the southern face of this fort were two strongly constructed casemated works, riveted with iron bars. Each casemate contained one nine inch gun, and both commanded the approach from down the river. In the southwestern section there was a nine inch traverse gun in barbette,.and there were ten other guns in barbette. During the action on the eleventh of January, 1863, seven of the thirteen guns were utterly destroyed by the combined fire of the gun-boats; and four twenty pounders of Foster's battery - Osterhaus' division - which opened fire on the fort at a range of eight hundred yards. Fragments of shell

The field upon which the action was fought is a parallelogram of about one thousand yards square. The southern face rests upon the river, the east or northeast is formed of the east face of the fort, and a broken line of rifle pits, protected by wooden traverses, and running in a northeasterly direction about seven hundred and twenty yards toa small bayou which, on the day of battle was twelve feet wide and eighteen inches deep, across which were several easy fords. Across the bayou, beyond the extreme left of the enemy's line is a forest with undergrowth, amid which is a slight elevation, which flanks the line occupied by the enemy's rifle pits. Had General Sherman succeeded in turning the enemy's left, as contemplated by the original plan of General McClernand, and planted a battery upon that elevation, it would have enfiladed the enemy's rifle pits and driven him from his cover in twenty minutes.

It will be remembered that Post Arkansas is on the left bank of theriver. By land it is five, and by water twelve miles from Fletcher's landing, on the right bank. At the fort the river turns abruptly to the left, and runs for three miles ina southeasterly direction nearly parallel to its own channel below the fort; so that from Fletcher's on the right bank to Smith's on the right bank, across the bend, is only three miles, and Smith's is three miles from the fort. :

By direction of General McClernand, Morgan sent Lindsay's brigade with a section of ten, and a section of twenty-pounders under Captain Foster, and Captain McBride's cavalry company to land at Fletcher's and push across to Smith's, and from thence to establish a chain of videttes to the bank opposite the fort.

As soon as the guns of the fort were silenced, Lindsay caused his guns so to be placed in position as to enfilade the enemy's rifle pits, and the battery of artillery, and the infantry in the field in their rear.

The handling of these guns was admirable. The fuses were cut so as to explode the shells at estimated distances; and this unexpected raking fire filled the enemy's trenches with dead; silenced the field artillery behind them, and largely contributed to the result of the day.

In his report, General McClernand spoke in terms of commemdation of the technical and strategic skill displayed by General Morgan during these operations, which closed his services in the civil war. His health was seriously broken, and he resigned. :

In 1864 General Morgan returned to the practice of the law. The next year he was nominated by acclamation as the Democratic candidate for governor, against General J. D. Cox. The majority against him was under thirty thousand, while it was over one hundred thousand two years previously.

He was three times nominated by acclamation, and three times elected to Congress from the district composed of the counties of Knox, Licking, Coshocton, and Muskingum. His majority over Mr. Delano was two hundred and seventy-one. his seat was contested and he was ousted in Mr. Delano's favor during the second session of the Fortieth Congress. He was renominated in 1868, and was elected by over sixteen hundred majority. He was again nominated in 1870, and carried the same district by over two thousand one hundred majority.

Morgan, for the fourth time, was nominated by acclamation, and was only beaten by about four hundred votes; although three weeks afterwards Grant carried the same district by two thousand two hundred.

While in Congress Morgan served on the committees on Foreign Relations, Military Affairs, and Reconstruction; and in the Forty-second Congress received the votes of the Democrats for speaker, against Blaine, Republican. Since then he has been engaged in the practice of his profession, and declares his purpose not to be again a candidate.

NEAL, GEORGE D., carriage manufacturer, corner Front and Main streets, Mt. Vernon, Ohio. A native of Mt. Vernon, was born September 20, 1844, and was educated in the public schools of this city. His first business engagement was with the firm of J. W. Weaver, wholesale and retail grocer, as salesman, where he served about three years, and then was in the employ of James George & Son one year. He then entered the employ of S. H. & L. W. Jackson, carriage manufacturers, to learn carriage trimming, and remained with them until the dissolution of the firm, after which he served other firms as journeyman at carriage trimming until 1871, when he established himself in the carriage business, in which he still con- .

tinues. In 1877 he added to the carriage business that of shipping green fruits, cider, and vinegar, and in favorable seasons he ships about five thousand barrels of apples, and about five hundred barrels of vinegar. In the carriage business he carries a stock of about four thousand dollars, and manufactures all kinds of double and single carriages and light wagons, and does a business of from ten to twenty thousand dollars per year, and employs from eight to ten hands in the different departments. He occupies the commodious buildings erected by himself expressly for the business, which consists of a twostory brick building, thirty-two by sixty-three feet, with a twostory frame addition, twenty by thirty feet. Residence at No. 27 East Vine street.

NEIBEL, GEORGE W., Milford township, deceased, was born in Licking county, in 1829. He came to Knox county with his parents, and was reared ona farm, and always followed it as his occupation. He married Miss Mary A. Twist, February 29, 1852; she is the daughter of Peter and Catharine Twist, zee Beardsly. She was born in New York, and came to Ohio about 1834, with her parents. Her father was a soldier in the War of 1812. The subject of this notice enlisted in company B, One Hundred and Forty-second regiment Ohio National guard. After his return home he was taken sick with lung disease, from which he died, April 11, 1866. They had one child, John H., born June 4, 1854. He isa man of sterling qualities, is well read, and highly esteemed by the community. He was married to Miss Ida A., daughter of David H. Speelman, November 18, 1880. They reside on the farm where he was reared.

NEIDERHOUSE, JACOB, Union township, farmer, post office, Rossville, born in Switzerland, in 1829, and camie to this country in 1852. He settled in Holmes county, Ohio, where he lived fourteen years, and 1867 settled in Union township, where he now is. He was married in 1854, but his wife only lived three years. His second marriage was in 1858, to Miss C. Frederick. They have nine children - Mary, John, Robert, Samuel, Caroline, Lavina, Edward, Cora, and William. Mary married Daniel Kirk, and moved to Coshocton county, where she now lives.

NEFF, PETER, Gambier, Knox county, Ohio. - -Resident twenty-one years, and has been engaged for many years in the developement of the county for petroleum, and in 'the manufacture of Diamond Black. See his pamphlets, and the Ohio State Geological Survey, etc.

NEWELL, JAMES, deceased, born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, May 20, 1782. He married Miss Polly Fleming, July rz, 1811, who was born in Pennsylvania, July 17, 1792. Mr. Newell located in Clinton township in 1819. He died December 7, 1848, aged sixty-six years, and his wife, April rs, 1850, aged fifty-eight.

NEWTON, REV. CHARLES H., Mt. Vernon, deceased, was born at Warren, Washington county, Ohio, in September, He received a classical education at Marietta college, in which institution he graduated in 1845. Determined to lead a ministerial life, he entered Lane Theological seminary at Cincinnati, where he graduated in 1848. Immediately thereafter, on June 15, 1848, he was married to Miss Catharine Walter, of Walnut Hills, near Cincinnati. He took charge of the congregation of the Presbyterian church at New Richmond, Ohio, in 1848, where he remained six years, giving great satisfaction to the people, and doing much good. From New Richmond he removed to Delaware, Ohio, in October, 1855, where he remained for about fourteen years, very much beloved by his people, until he was chosen chaplain of the Ohio penitentiary, at Columbus, in 1870. As chaplain he was very popular, and his kind words and wholesome advice will long be remembered by those whose transgressions forced them to become inmates of that institution.

During his chaplaincy, Mr. Newton suggested and aided the officers of the penitentiary in introducing many reforms into the government of that institution, which were of great practical good to the inmates. His system of prison reform has been adopted in the government of nearly every institution of the kind in the United States.

From Columbus Mr. Newton came to Mt. Vernon in June, 1874, and had charge of the Presbyterian congregation up to the time of his death. Healso preached to the congregation at Millwood.

He died at his residence in Mt. Vernon, August 8, 1878, after about a week's sickness. His disease was paralysis of the heart. The funeral took place on Saturday, August ro, 1878. The memorial services were held at the Presbyterian church on the next morning, Sunday, August 11th. The funeral service was conducted by the Rev. William E. Moore, pastor of the Second Presbyterian church, of Columbus, assisted by the Rev. William Thompson, rector of St. Paul's Episcopal church, in this city, and by the Rev. Iarns, of the Baptist church. Dr. Moore preached from the words: ''For me to live is Christ, and to die is gain." :

NEWTON BROTHERS, corner West High street and public square, Mt. Vernon, Ohio. - Walter M. and Frank B. Newton, are sons of the Rev. O. H. Newton, who was at the time of his death pastor of the First Presbyterian church, Mt. Vernon, and had occupied that pulpit for several years previously. Rev. Mr. Newton was at one time chaplain of the Ohio penitentiary, and during his chaplaincy started the prison reform movement that has since met with great success in all the prisons of the country. During his father's chaplaincy W. M. Newton served as assistant clerk in the office of the prison, and his brother, F. B. Newton, attended school.

The family came to Mt. Vernon in 1874, when W. M. entered the employ of T. B. Mead as salesman, with whom he remained two and a half years. He then formed a partnership with J. M. Tompkins, with whom he did business one year, when he bought out the interest of Mr. Tompkins, and formed a partnership with his brother, F. B. Newton, and the business has since been conducted under the firm of Newton Brothers. They commenced with a stock of about two thousand dollars and have met with marked success. They now carry a stock of about two thousand five hundred dollars. This firm isa new one; the partners are young and energetic, of good business habits, with moral characters beyond reproach; and they merit succcess and will win a rank among the mercantile men worthy of respect and honorable to themselves.

NIXON, ANDREW, farmer, Berlin township, post office, Shaler's Mills, was born in Jefferson county, in 1810, and was married to Mary Scarlet. They had one son, Michael, a resident of Mt. Vernon. Mrs. Nixon has deceased. Mr. Nixon's second marriage was with Jane Knight (Culberson), who was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in 1816. They have one son, Edwin, who was born in 1862, and is living with his parents.

NICHOLS, JOHN, farmer, Pike township, post office, Democracy; born in Howard township, this county, in 1839, and was married in 1860 to Mary Hammel, who was born in Pike township in 1838. They have five children: Celesta A., born in 1861; Nancy Emogene, in 1864; Ardella F., in 1867; Permelia, in 1869, and John H. in 1873.

His father, John Nichols, deceased, was born in 1800, in Loudoun county, Virginia. He came to Ohio in 1813, located in Mt. Vernon, and was marriedin 1820 to Sarah Davis, who was born near Hagerstown, Maryland, and came to Mt. Vernon in 1812. They had the following children: Martha, Sarah, Daniel (deceased), Peter, Jesse, Amos, Louisa, Rebecca (deceased), John, Jonas, and Drusilla. Mr. Nichols died in 1868, and Mrs. Sarah Nichols in 1879. They were among the earlier settlers of Mt. Vernon, moved to Howard township, and remained there until 1860. Jesse, Daniel, and Jonas were soldiers in the late war. Daniel died from the effects of his service in the army. Jonas was a member of the Ohio National guard.

NICODEMUS, JACOB L., farmer, Middlebury township, post office, Frederi¢tktown, was born in Maryland, in 1804, came to Ohio in 1852, and was married in 1835 to Susan Baile, who was born in Maryland in 1816. They had ten children, viz: Cecelia, born December 11, 1836; Evaline M., September 17, 1838; Ann S., February 17, 1840; Sarah L., June 7, 1841; Abraham P., August 27, 1843; Elizabeth M., August 20, 1845; Rachel F., June 28, 1848; Mary A., October 12, 1851; Charles W., November 22, 1853, and Susan C., August 12, 1857. The following children are dead: Evaline M. and Susan C. Cecelia was married to Lamvil S. Owen, and resides in Delaware county, Ohio; Evaline (deceased) was married to John Wells; Ann S. married to Marwin B. Gordon, they are now in Steuben county, Indiana; Sarah L. married Whiting Hawkins, of Morrow county; Abraham P. married Lucretia V. Reed, of Mansfield, Ohio; Elizabeth M. married Sheriden Ebersole, and resides in Ottawa county, Kansas; Rachel F. married Wellington Watkins, now living in Republic county, Kansas; Mary A. married Stuart Af Dixon, now living in this township; Charles W. married Martha E. Herendon and resides on the old home place.

Mr. Nicodemus came to Morrow county in 1852, remained there until 1856, then located in Middlebury township; since that time he has been a resident of this township and has reared a large and respectable family of children, who are all married and have located as above noted.

NICHOLAS & ZUCK, proprietors of Green Valley flouringmills, Butler township, are prepared to do all kinds of merchant and custom work, also sawing at their saw-mill.

NORRICK, WILLIAM H., salesman, Pike township, post office, Democracy, born in 1850, in Harrison county, Ohio, and was married, in 1876, to Mary M. Donel, who was born in Ohio, in 1855. Mr. Nortick is engaged in selling buggies for Louis Cook, of Cincinnati, and has had good success, being the only man in this section of Ohio representing this manufacturing establishment.

NORTON, DANIEL S., deceased. - The first American settlers in the Attakapas of Orleans were the Nortons, who for several years endured contentedly the perils and privations in that then foreign climate, until sickness and death reduced their number and deprived them of their head and the managment of the affairs of Mrs. Ann Norton, and nine children, devolved entirely upon young Daniel S., who, possessed of a peculiar business mind, and an adventurous spirit, carried on various trading operations in the territory and the Mexican provinces. Some of his practical operations are worthy of notice.

He introduced the first sugar-cane in the Attakapas, and established that it could be cultivated successfully. His active and well informed mind, and inventive genius, were always striving to make improvements, and he first directed attention to the navigation of the bayous and rivers, and was interested in the first boat that engaged in their trade. He travelled on the first two boats that made trips on the Mississippi, and subsequently on the first boat built"by a company at Brownsville, Pennsylvania, and run by Captain Gregg on the Lower Mississippi and Red rivers. His suggestions in construction and navigation, his knowledge of the rivers and the country, contributed much to those enterprises. _

It was with the view of carrying on a trade with the southern country that he located at Connellsville, Pennsylvania, and engaged in erecting machinery for manufacturing; and hence the deep solicitude for successful navigation of the rivers, to promote which he carried on correspondence, published articles, factory on the Youghiogheny (Pennsylvania) he erected, and ope- . rated successfully, bringing the raw cotton from his old home in Louisiana. His lands in that country were of great value, and his business there for about a half century was faithfully aftended to by Governor Johnson, as his agent.

-Mr. Norton never relinquished the idea which he had entertained through life, of returning there to live, and which was only broken in upon by his coming to Knox county to marry Miss Sarah Banning, daughter of Rev. Anthony Banning. This was in 1816. He was still further irresistibly attracted by the fine water power, fertile lands and beautiful prospects of Owl creek.

The building of machinery and improving of mills and manufacturing establishments may be said to have been the ruling passion of his life. A petition was presented to the general assembly of Ohio, when it met- in Chillicothe, by Daniel S. Nor-' ton, John H. Piatt, and Herman Long of Cincinnati, Asa Norton of Kentucky, and Abraham Baldwin of Pennsylvania, who had associated in manufacturing business, asking for encouragement of woollen manufactories, etc.

His career in this county - his efforts to promote education, home manufactures and internal improvements - his contributions to objects calculated to benefit the public - his assistance to old settlers in purchasing their farms and stock, making improvements, and providing for their families - his kindness to friends, and generosity to relatives - will long be remembered. His love of country was unbounded, and the blood of the Revolution never coursed through veins more determined to perpetuate Liberty and Union. His liberality and patriotism in the War of 1812, the Texan Revolution, and the Mexican War is on record.

From a notice of the death of Mr. Norton, which took place Tuesday morning, October 25, 1859, of congestion of the lungs, in the columns of the Mt. Vernon Banner, the following extract is taken. At the time of his death Mr. Norton was seventy-two years of age, having been born in 1787:

'He first visited Mt. Vernon in the spring of 1816, and in the summer of that vear introduced the first complete carding machine in this part of the State, and set it up at the mill of William Douglas, afterwards owned by James S. Banning. In the summer of 1817 he moved to Mt. Vernon, and in the fall of that year, having secured the admirable mill seat and water power which his sagacious eye had discovered the summer previous, he built the mills, which, improved and enlarged from time to time, as the wants of the county required, he continued to occupy and operate until his death.

'*He engaged also in the mercantile business and carried it on prosperously for many years. He erected a woolen and a cotton factory, and an oil mill, and engaged extensively in agriculture and the raising of cattle and horses, and contributed much to the improvement of the stock of both in the county.

'He was elected to the State senate from Knox and Richland counties in 1825, and while in that body took lively interest and an active part in inaugurating and establishing the wise canal policy of the State. He wasa member of the committee appointed in 1825 to welcome De Witt Clinton. At the canal celebration in July, 1825, he first met Bishop Chase, who served as chaplain on that occasion, and was one of the gentlemen who accompanied the bishop in his tour of observation through a part of the county, looking up grounds for the location of Kenyon college, which resulted in the selection of the site now occupied by that institution. He contributed liberally to the establishment of that college, and was always its steadfast friend.

'He was always among the foremost in all public enterprises calculated to increase the growth of the town, or improve and develop the resources of the county. In July, 1849, the editor of the Times said: 'We are of the opinion 'that none of the earliest pioneers of our town have ever done so much to promote its growth and prosperity as' Mr. Norton. If Mt. Vernon is specially indebted to the enterprise and liberality of any one man, that man is Daniel S. Norton.'

''As a man of business, he had no superior. Prompt, energetic and deliberate, he appeared to see the end from the beginning, and his plans, wisely laid, were worked out with a precision which commanded the admiration of all.

'"'A man of social qualities, he was the pride of the society in which he lived. Remarkable for his address and conversational power, his extensive reading, his acute observation and his wonderful memory, he attracted notice wherever he appeared, at home or abroad, and entered no circle which was not entertained and instructed by his presence.

''The cultivation of the cotton plant attracted his youthful attention, and among his papers of 1810 are calculations as to its culture and manufacture. He planted the first black seed in the southwest (it had been brought from the Bahamas), and he was the first experimenter with the hirsutum and the herbaceous in that locality.

''He had a keen perception of merit in the young, and not a few owe the beginning of their prosperous career in busines to his kind and wise patronage. He was ever ready to aid the industrious, and had a lively sympathy for the unfortunate. It was a touching sight to see the poor gather around his bier, and not the least of a good man's reward to hear them call him blessed."'

NORTON, G. K., was born in 1826, and was ason of D.S. Norton, who was married to Sarah Banning, and had a family of six children, viz: Mary, wife of the late Judge Hurd; A. Baldwin, who was appointed saperintendent of Indian affairs at Santa Fe, New Mexico, but is now dead; A. Banning, and G. K. G.K. Norton, the subject of this sketch, after his preparatory education entered Kenyon college, but completed his education at Norwalk, Ohio, after which he took charge of his father's business, in which he continued until his father's death. Judge R. C. Hurd was appointed administrator of the estate of his father, and George was continued in charge by Mr. Hurd for two years after, when he purchased the mill and conducted the business until 1871, when he sold to Mr. Hurd. He then engaged in the grocery and produce business, in which he continued until his death.

He was married January 13, 1861, to Mrs. Elizabeth Weirick: nee Raymond. Mrs. Norton had two children by her first husband, and two by Mr. Norton. The last two are now residing with her.

Daniel S. Norton, a brother of G. K., was educated at Kenyon college, after which he studied with Judge Hurd. He went to Minnesota, where he was elected to the State senate, and then to the United States Senate. He has deceased.

NORTON & KINDRICK, millinery and notion store, South Main street, Mt. Vernon. - Mrs. J. K. Norton, senior member of this firm, was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, December 28, 1829.

Miss J. Kindrick was married to D. B. Norton, M. D., a native of this county, who was born June 27, 1831. He was a graduate of Willoughby Medical college, Cleveland. Shortly after marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Norton went to Chillicothe, Missouri, where he practiced his profession about eighteen months, when they returned to Ohio and settled at Worthington, near Columbus, where they resided five years. They then went to St. Charles, Illinois, where they resided nearly two years, when Dr. Norton died, and Mrs. Norton returned with her two children to Mt. Vernon, where she has resided ever since.

After the death of Dr. Norton, which took place in 1858, Mrs. Norton entered a co-partnership with her sister, and in 1860, under the name of Norton & Kindrick, they opened a millinery estalishment, to which they added from time to time such goods in that line as the needs of the people and the fashions of the day required, until they placed their establishment on a par with the best in the State. At no time is their stock in trade less than two thousand dollars valuation, consisting of millinery goods in all its departments, and ladies' furnishing goods. The firm does an average business of from six thousand to seven thousand dollars per year. This firm has the best selected goods of any similar establisment in the city.

NYHART, JOHN M., Brown township, farmer, was born December 13, 1830, in Jefferson township. He is the son of Jacob and Mary Nyhart, now residing in Jefferson township, Knox county. He was reared on a farm. His education was obtained at a select school taught at Danville, this county, and several terms at Loudonville, Ashland county. During the winter of 1862-3 he taught a five months' term of school in Hanover township, Ashland county. In 1863 he was united in marriage with Miss Sophia Garrett, of Hanover township, Ashland county, daughter of William and Prudence J. Garrett.

They settled on the farm where they are now residing, located in Brown tewnship, this county, near Jelloway. He then turned his attention to farming and stock raising, making sheep a specialty. He is the father of two children, one son and one daughter. He filled the office of township treasurer in Brown township for three years.

O'BRIEN, WILLIAM E., Pike township, post office, Democracy, born in Frederick county, Maryland, in 1820, and was married in 1847 to Elizabeth Rockwell, who was born in New York, in 1828. They had eight children: Terance W., Ann Caroline, Daniel W., Emily V., Lovilla E., William E., and Julia Estella.

OBERHOLTZER, ABRAHAM O., hardware and jewelry, Hilliar township, Centreburgh, Ohio, was born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, in 1833. His parents came to Ohio in 1835 and settled in Holmes county, where he spent his youth. He learned the carpenter trade, and for some years worked during the summer and taught school in the winter. He also farmed and worked some in the mines, thus he was taught by his experience that there is no royal road to success, and that he himself, in order to reap, must ''both hold and drive." He had no means with which to begin life, so he found himself with no money when he wished to enter into business, but with a determination to make an effort, and with an honest purpose, he entered into business in Waterford, Knox county. He kept a general line of goods, and by his strict adherence to the principles of business, he succeeded beyond his expectation. He remained in Waterford for seven years, and in 1879, came to Centreburgh, and opened up his present business. He carries a full line of foreign and domestic hardware, and has a rapidly growing trade. .

OLDAKER, JAMES S., Miller township, farmer, was born in Licking county, Ohio, March 30, 1815. His parents were natives of Virginia, who emigrated to Ohio at an early day, and were married in Miller township, or what is now Miller township, about 1811, and soon after, moved to Burlington township, Licking county, where they lived and died. They had five children, two of whom are living, viz: James and Elizabeth.

The subject of our notice was reared on a farm, and has always followed farming as his vocation. Upon the division of the old homestead, after the death of the parents, Mr. Oldaker took the northern part of the farm situated in Miller township, and moved upon it, and has resided there ever since. His farm shows care and prudent management, and his improvements are among the best in the township. ;

Mr. Oldaker is one of the leading members of society in the vicinity. He is highly esteemed for his excellent qualities. He has been a consistent member of the Christian church for over forty years, and one of the principal organizers of Fairview church, and is now secretary of the organization, He was married to Miss Elizabeth Ann Butcher, who was born December 5, 1819. They had eight children. The living are: Mary R., wife of Philip Losh; John B., Octavina, James W. Lewis, and Lucretia.' Henry was a member of company G, Twentieth Ohio volunteer infantry, and died at Grand Junction, Tennessee. Andrew died at home.

OLIVER, WILLIAM, Gambier, a native of England, was born on the third day of August, 1810. At the age of fourteen years he engaged in the mercantile business as clerk, remained two years. In 1826 he commenced working in a flouring-mill with his father.

He continued in the mill with his father until 1840. They migrated to America and located in Gambier, this county. In the spring of 1841 he took charge of the Gambier mills, which he operated successfully until the fall of 1846, when he moved on the farm in Monroe township, this county, which he purchased in 1843. He then turned his attention to farming and butchering, remaining on the farm until 1861, when they moved to Gambier, where they are now living.

He continued the butchering business until 1866. In 1865 he engaged in the grocery trade, and carried on the two branches of business in connection with overseeing his farm, until 1866, and then gave his attention wholly to butchering, his grocery trade and farming, and continued to do so to the present time.

ORSBORN, JAMES M., Hilliar township (pioneer), Centreburgh post office; was born in Bloomfield township, Knox county (now Morrow county), June 13, 1819. His parents were natives of Hartford, Connecticut. His father, Thomas

Orstom, was bound in his youth to a sea captain, and afterwards served inthe War of 1812 as a marine. His wife was Miss Olive Manning. They came to Ohio about 1816, and settled in Bloomfield township, Knox county, now Morrow county. Mr. Orsborn had never seen a tree felled by the axe prior to his coming to Ohio, and knew little of the experience of a pioneer; but he soon became accustomed to the forest and was successful in clearing up his farm, and finally became one of the' well-to-do farmers and an influential citizen. He and his wife passed over the river on the old homestead. They had a family of nine children, seven of whom are yet living. The subject of this notice remained at home assisting his father on the farm until he was married to Miss Sophronia Thatcher, July 5, 1840. They some time after went to Mt. Liberty, where they kept hotel for about ten years, when to the hotel business was added a store, which in connection with the hotel was carried on five years more, when he sold out and went to farming, which he followed for some five years more when he sold out. He afterward purchased land in Illinois, but did not move upon it. He engaged in various undertakings until 1872, when he purchased property in Centreburgh-and moved there, where he has since been engaged in the saw-mill business. Mr. Orsborn has always been an active, energetic, hard working man. They have a family of three children, viz: George W., Lenora (married to Lewis Mitchell), Jerusha (married Isaac Teagarden).

OSWALT, HENRY, farmer, post office, Democracy, was born in Jefferson township in 1849, and was married in 1876 to Ellen: Nortick, who was born in Brown township in 1854. They have one daughter - Sarah Edith - who was born August 18, 1880. Mr. Oswalt located in Pike township in 1879, on the Arnold farm. He is accumulating wealth. Economy and ndustry is the cause of his success.

OWEN, WILLIAM W., Middlebury township, carpenter, post office, Levering, was born in this township, August 13, 1828, and was married December 22, 1850, to Rebecca Burke, who was born in Martinsburgh, April 16, 1832. They had the following family: Sylvania, born March 5, 1852; Olive, January 22, 1854; John D., Juner, 1861; Dan, July 30, 1864; Harriet L., February 10, 1870; and Willie B., November 27, 1872. Olive Owen cied Aptil 13, 1867. Sylvania was married to Frank Coursen November 10, 1870, and resides in Richland county. Julia E. was married to William Forsyth, and resides in Bloomington, Illinois.

PAINTER, GEORGE, Wayne township, farmer, post office, Fredericktown, born in Holmescounty in 1847, and was married in 1867, to Ellen McLaughlin, who was born in New York in 1847. They have the following children - Jennie Maggie, born September 14, 1868; Cora Melinda, December 31, 1869; George Ostin, November 10, 1871; Lillie Bella, May 1, 1874; Patsie Mountainia, December 3, 1876; and Roberta Blanche, June 30, 1879. Mr. Painter is a farmer by occupation and has resided here since 1878.

PARK, JAMES, deceased, late of Pleasant township, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1787. He was of Scotch parentage. His grandfather came to America about the year 1730, and was a man of some note in the history of his adopted country. His father was killed by the Indians in Pennsylvania shortly after St. Clair's defeat. 'The subject of this sketch married Miss Elizabeth Marquis, of Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1803. Shortly after his marriage he moved to and settled in Belmont county, Ohio, and resided there twelve years. While residing in Belmont county he entered the service of his country and served in the army during a part of the War of 1812. In 1816 he came to Knox county and settled on a farm in pleasant township, where he resided up to the time of his death, in 1853. After his death his son Joseph received a land warrant from the general Government for his fathers' services during the war. Mr. Park was a man of strong mind and great energy, and soon made for himself and family of nine children - five sons and four daughters - a pleasant home out of the wilderness, in which he had pitched his tent. His son Joseph, and his two youngest sisters are now the only living ones in the county of that once large family.

PARK, JOSEPH V., son of the late James Park, was born at the old homestead in Pleasant township, on the twenty-third day of March, 1818. He received his education from the common schools of the neighborhood. His early days were spent in labor cn his father's farm, which he now partially owns and successfully operates. He has served the people of the township eighteen years in the office of justice of the peace, and at the expiration of his last term he refused the offer of reelection.

October 12, 1853, he was united by marriage with Miss Elizabeth J. McFarland, daughter of the late Daniel McFarland, then of Mt. Vernon, from which union five children were born, viz.: Daniel M., Jomes H., William V., Bessie I., and Frank J., all of whom are living. William and Bessie are twins.

One of the scenes of his early life in 1825 Mr. Park recollects with vivid distinctness. Like all early settlers his father kept a flock of sheep that required considerable attention, and upon the younger boys that care mostly developed. During the day the sheep were permitted to graze around the clearings and upon the commons, and were gathered at night and penned to protect them from the wolves, that great pest of pioneer farmers. His father had, at different times, been a severe loser by those night prowlers.

One day the sheep strayed from their usual haunts, and Joseph and an elder brother were sent out in search of them. It was nearly dark when the boys came across them on the river bottom nearly opposite the Kerr mill, now Miller's. It was dark by the time the boys started homeward with the sheep. They were soon startled by the howl of a wolf in the direction of Fallen Timbers, then in Pleasant, but now in College township. The signal was answered from another direction, and then the dismal howl came from every quarter, and each repetition came nearer and nearer. The speed of the sheep was hurried by the alarmed boys, as they were too young to defend their charge from the attack of a pack of hungry wolves. The boys had reached the barn, where the pen was located, when the father and two older sons came out with lighted torches and guns, as the howls had been heard at the house, causing considerable alarm. The approach of the wolves had been checked by the light of the torches at about forty rods from the fold, as was supposed, as it was too dark to see the prowlers, but their snarls could be distinctly heard. After the sheep had been secured, the father fired his gun in the direction of the wolves, when their snarls instantly ceased, and for a few moments profound silence prevailed. Then the disappointed wolves broke into continual howls, likened to nothing the boys had ever heard before, so dismal and prolonged as though all the demons of the lower regions had broken out. Sheep in those early days were a necessity to the pioneers, and great care was required to protect them from wolves.

Another incident in which wolves were prominent actors is thus related: During the summer of 1822, a spelling bee was held at a neighboring school-house, which nearly all the young people attended. It was past midnight when the young folks started for their respective homes in sinall parties. One party, when about half-way home, was surrounded by a pack of wolves, and to save their lives the youngsters were forced to take to trees, and rest in the higher branches. Thus protected, the party was compelled to spend the balance of the night, listening to the snarls and howls of the disappointed beasts.

PARK, GEORGE W.,. Mt. Vernon, was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, October 11, 1852, educated at the district schools, but by close application he received a good English education. Followed farming until 1869, when he established the seed gardens at Fannettsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he did business until 1875, when he came to Mt. Vernon and established gardens. He is publisher of a floral magazine, which he started in 1871, at Fannettsburgh, and which has been a financial success. He started a green-house in 1879, where he keeps a rare collection of plants. He has a very extensive collection of flower seeds, also all the leading varieties of garden seeds. Publishes a catalogue annually of flower and vegetable seeds, giving valuable information upon their cultivation.

The Floral Magazine is a sixteen page illustrated pamphlet, devoted to the culture of flowers of all kinds and is the pioneer of the floral magazines devoted entirely to flower culture.

He also does book and job printing in all its branches, with dispatch. Having all the modern improvements, in the shape of Baxter's engine, new press, and all the latest styles of type, his work is fine.

PARK, D. M., of the firm of Martin & Park, coal and feed deaJers, Mt. Vernon. - Mr. D. M. Park was born in Pleasant towhship, Knox county, Ohio, August 5, 1854. His father is a farmer, and young Park assisted on the farm and attended school until he reached his nineteenth year, when he engaged with Mr. Starr in the nursery business, in which he continued one year.

In April, 1877, he became a member of the firm of J. H. Mc- Farland & Co., in which he remained until some time in the year 1879, when Mr. McFarland disposed of his interest to Mr. ]. B. Martin, and the firm of Martin & Park was formed.

PARKE, JUDGE THOMAS V., Mt. Vernon, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, July 5, 1805, and in 1819 his parents moved into Frederick county, and Thomas engaged in the milling business. In 1832 he came to this county and located at Fredericktown, where he engaged in merchandizing, in which he continued several years, and during which he did business in different towns of the county. He came to Mt. Vernon in 1857 and was appointed deputy sheriff under I. Underwood, and served two terms. During his first year, as deputy, he was elected justice of the peace and served one term. In 1860 he was elected probate judge, in which he served two terms. In 1869 he was again elected to the office of the justice of the peace, to which he was successively elected for three terms, discharging the duties of his office with acceptance, and has now retired from public life. He was married, January 16, 1834, to Miss Mary. daughter of Charles Strong, of Fredericktown, by whom he had a family of eight children, four of whom are living, viz: Webster, Elnora Hyde, Kate H., and Thomas V.

PARKES, THOMAS, is a native of Gloucester, England, where he was born July 18, 1828. After leaving school he learned the trade of boot and shoe making, which he has made his business in life so far.

He came to America in 1857, stopping at Brooklyn, New York, where he manufactured the ''copper nailed shoe" for four years, when he sold out and came to Mt. Vernon in 1862, and started shops, where he does all kinds of work with neatness and dispatch.

PARKER, MRS. H. C., millinery and notions, South Main street, Mt. Vernon. Mrs. Parker was born in Danville, this county, January 12, 1848. When about ten years of age, her father, Mr. S. W. Hopwood, came to Mt. Vernon with his family. At the age of sixteen Miss Hopwood engaged with Mrs, Andrews to learn the milliner business, with whom she remained five years, after which she went into partnership with Miss A. G. Critchfield, of Millwood, this county, and under the name of Hopwood & Critchfield, opened out an establishment for themselves, which was continued three years, when she bought her partner's interest. She has conducted the business successfully, and carries an average stock of one thousand dollars, comprising millinery in all its departments, notions, hair goods, etc. Mrs. Parker does a business of from five thousand to six thousand dollars per year.

Miss Hopwood, on the twenty-fifth of July, 1875, married Mr. H. C. Parker. They have a family of two children. Mr. Parker is engaged in the boot and shoe establishment of Mr. R. M. Bowland.

PARMENTER, S. A., farmer, Morris township, post office, Mt. Vernon, was born in Boston in 1829, came to Ohio in 1838, and in 1851 married Grace Penhorwood, who was born in England in 1832, and came with her parents to America at the age of nine years. They have the following children: Edward, born in 1853; Charles, in 1855; Dora, in 1858; Elmer, in 1861; John, in 1867; Minnie Grace, in 1868; Arthur, in 1871; Myrta, in 1876.

Mr. Parmenter purchased a farm in Morris township in 1866, and has since been engaged in farming. He came to Knox county in 1838, and located in Monroe township, and remained there until 1846. He learned the blacksmith trade in Mt. Vernon with Joseph Murphy. After learning the trade he worked at different places. He was married in Morris township, and remained there about four years, then went to Hilliar township, then to Mt. Vernon, where he worked at his trade.

PARR, SILAS, Mt. Vernon, a native of Devonshire, England, was born September 1, 1848. He came to America in the year 1866,.and settled in Mt. Vernon October 9, 1867.

He was engaged with Thomas Trick to learn the boot and shoe trade, with whom he worked four years, and then with Mr. Weaver three years, at the expiration of which time he commenced business for himself at his present location on West High street, where he does all kinds of work, and repairing, and guarantees satisfaction.

PARRISH, JARRETT, was born January 27, 1836, in Coshocton county, Ohio, and came with his father to Knox county when about two years old. He is the ninth child of a family of eleven children, viz: Mary Ann, Rachel, Ureth, Mordecai, English, Samuel, James, Benjamin, Jarrett, Salathel, and Telitha Jane, of whom two are dead - Mary Ann and Samuel.

Mr. Parr attended school at the district schools, also at Fredericktown, after which he followed farming until 1864, when he engaged in merchandizing in the village of Amity, where he continued until 1877, when he sold out and went into the insurance business for one year, since which he has been travelling for E. Shedd & Co., wholesale grocers, Columbus, Ohio. He, at present, isa candidate for sheriff.

PARROTT, DAVID, farmer, son of John and Rachel Parrott, was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, February 2, 1817. He was brought to Knox county, Ohio, in 1827, by his parents, who settled in Clinton township. He received a common school education, was reared a farmer, and has made farming his business through life.

April 4, 1844, he married Miss Mary Davidson, who was born in Mt. Vernon in 1823, daughter of John and Effie Davidson. They settled on a farm in Clinton township, remained two years, then moved on the Rogers farm, in same township, lived there five years, and in the spring of 1851 moved on the farm where they are now living, he having purchased the farm in 1850. There was a small brick dwelling on the farm, which served them asan abode until 1858, when he erected their present brick residence.

PARSONS, NATHAN, Union township, farmer, post office, Rossville, was born in Holmes county, Ohio, December 19, 1823, and lived at home until 1844, when he followed agriculture in summer and teaching school in winter. In 1845 he married Miss M. Workman and settled in Holmes county, where he lived eight years. He then went to Illinois, and returned in 1856 to Knox county and settled on his present farm. He has seven children: Abraham, born in 1849; Jacob, 1851; Isaac, 1849; Edith Jane, 1854; Grace, 1857; Della Ann, 1860; Ida J., 1863.

Abraham commenced his medical education in 1863 with Dr. Putnam, of Mt. Holly, now deceased, and finished it in 1869. He graduated in the Wooster university and settled in Gann. He takes the field of his preceptor, who was well known throughout the country. Mr. Parsons has filled the office of justice of the peace for a number of years. He has tried to fill the office with zeal and energy and judge for the right in all cases.

PATTERSON, ASA, Monroe township, retired farmer. A native of the State of New York, born in Pittsford, Monroe county, January 21, 1806. In March, 1832, he married Miss Jane Barker, of Monroe county, New York, born January 22, 1813, daughter of Lyman and Mary Barker, ee Munson. They remained in Monroe county until February, 1837. They migrated to Ohio and located in Monroe township, this county, on a farm now owned by Henry Barker, on which they resided about two years. Mr. Patterson purchased the land on which he now resides in a short time after his arrival in the county. It was then an unbroken forest, no woodman's axe had been there. He at once began making improvements on his land by clearing away the forest, cultivating the soil and erecting a cabin in which he moved his family in August, 1839, which served them as an abode until 1853, when he erected his present frame residence. They reared a family of ten children, viz: Henry, Isabella, Mary, Eleanor, Hutchison, Emily, Aaron, Frances and Agnes (twins), and Ida R. Hutchison deceased in the war of 1861, at Romney, Virginia, December 25, 186r.

PAUL, JAMES, was born March 12, 1803, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and removed some years afterwards to Knox county, is now residing in Morrow county; was married to Sarah Bane January 15, 1854. They had the following children: Elizabeth, William, David, Daniel, Mary, Sarah, and James B., all living except David and James.

PAUL, DANIEL, one of Knox county's well known public citizens, isa nitive of Clay township, his birth occurring January 19, 1833. Mr. Paul is one of the wealthiest farmers of Clay township; has been a prominent Democratic politician; was senator from Knox-Wayne senatorial district in the Sixty-first general assembly; came very near receiving the nomination for Congress at the hands of the Democratic Congressional convention. Mr. Paul never married.

PEALER, SAMUEL, Pike township, farmer, post office, Democracy, born in Columbia county, Pennsylvania, in 1818; parents emigrated to Ohio when he was a child and located in this county. He was married in 1842 to Sarah C. Corbus, who was born in Ohio in 1824. They had seven children: George, born in 1843; Henry, in 1844; Hannah, in 1846; Daniel, in 1848; John, in 1850; Sarah E., in 1854; and Charles S., in 1860.

Mrs. Sarah C. Pealer died November 25, 1862. She was a worthy member of the Disciple church. Henry died in 1845; Hannah in 1863, and George died in 1875.

Mr. Pealer was a member of the Ohio National guards during the war, being in the service a short time only. He was very prominent in this township during the war, raising men and contributing means to sustain the Union, The Pealer family was.loyal in every emergency.

He was faithful in the discharge of his duties as a-soldier and an officer. At Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, he became a victim of disease, and was conveyed to the Chesapeake hospital, at

It is but just to say of Lieutenant Pealer that in many respects he was a model man, such a man as any parent could be proud of. He was a man of industry and economy, strict habits, and an honest, upright man. He was sociable, amiable, quiet, and inoffensive, and thought no evilof his neighbor, and a man of many friends and few enemies.

He was the friend of education, temperance, and good order. While he loved his family, friends and home, with life and all its comforts, he also loved his country that gave him birth. Of this love he gave abundant evidence, in that he forsook father, mother, and his own wife and children and home, to defend, protect, and maintain his country's honor; yea more, he laid his life on the altar of his country, and with other patriots died that his country might live and her free institutions be perpetuated. He thus transmitted a reputation to his posterity that was untainted and unsullied.

PEALER, F., Howard township, farmer, post office, Howard, was born January 13, 1835, in Union township. He came to Howard township in 1860, and worked ona farm three years. He then went to Danville and engaged in the mercantile trade, and followed it two years. He then followed undertaking and carriage making for a time, and then removed to the farm, which he now owns.

PEALER, E. A., of the firm of Pealer & Son, dealers in farming implements, No. 1 Kremlin building, southeast corner High street and public square, Mt. Vernon. Mr. 1¢. A. Pealer was barn in Pike township, Knox county, December 20, 1830, and _ has continued a resident of the county up to the present day. His education was such as could be obtained from the district schools of forty years ago. Up to January, 1880, his occupation was that of a farmer. He commenced life for himself when about twenty-one years old. At the age of twenty-three he purchased a farm. In 1868 he engaged in the insurance business, and in 1871 he was elected secretary and treasurer of the company in whose employ he was. In that capacity he served four years. In 1875 he engaged in the grain, produce and stock business, in which, together with farming, he continued until January, 1880, when he removed to Mt. Vernon. In company with Mr. J. H. Norrick, he rented the corner room in the Kremlin block, formerly occupied by the late George B. Potwin, and opened out an agricultural supply wareroom, and has met with good success in the undertaking. The firm carries a full line of all kinds of agricultural implements, together with wagons, carriages and_ bugygies. They represent goods of C. Aultman & Co., of Canton, Ohio; Buckeye mowers and reapers, and self binders, Canton Monitor engine, Bucher & Gibbs' Imperial plows, First and Bradley's and Hughes' sulky plows, Brown's corn cultivators, Champion corn planters, Studebaker and Moline farm wagons and spring wagons, carriages and buggies, of five different manufactures, from Moline, Illinois, Courtland, and Syracuse, New York, Toledo, and Troy, Ohio.

Mr. Pealer was married August 10, 1853, to Miss Selina E. Vincent, and had a family of three sons and one daughter. The daughter died February 22, 1877, aged seventeen years.

PEARDON, GEORGE, justice of the peace, Hilliar township, post office, Centreburgh, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1823. His young days were spent on a farm, and attending school until about fourteen years of age, when he was apprenticed to learn the trade of shoemaking. He served until his master gave up the business, thus giving George his freedom. Some time after this one of his neighbors, a Mr. Caldwell, was coming to America, and Mr. Peardon came with him to Ohio, and stopped for a short time near Danville, and then came to Gambier, where he worked at his trade, for several months. He then came to Mt. Vernon and worked at his trade with Samuel Smail for six years, and then set up for himself, where he remained until July, 1855, when he came to Centreburgh, where he has since remained.

He is a man of sound judgment, and exerts a quiet influence in the vicinity, and has the esteem of his neighbors. He was elected justice of the peace in 1872, and served for three years to the satisfaction of the public. He was again elected in the fall of 1878. He is prompt in his decisions and accurate in his judgment. '

PIEENICK & RANSOM, leather manufacturers, successors of G. E. Raymond, West Gambier street, Mt. Vernon. - Mr. William Penick, of this firm, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, on the eleventh May, 1822, where he resided until he was ten years of age, when his parents came to Ohio, and located near Martinsburgh, this county. In 1841 he came to Mt. Vernon and entcred the tannery of Hugi Oglevee to learn the trade, where ne served three years. He then went to Millersburgh and worked for S. Weirick for two years and seven months. From Millersburgh he returned to Martinsburgh and purchased the tannery of O. Lord, and conducted the business for nineteen years, when he sold out. In 1865 Mr. Penick bought a half interest in the yard of George E. Raymond, and for three years the firm of Raymond & Penick conducted a successful business. He then sold his interest, and was engaged in various ways until the fall of 1878, wher he, in company with J. H. Ransom, bought the Raymond tannery, which the new firm still carries on.

PENN, WILLIAM, Middlebury, farmer, was born in Virginia, near Harper's Ferry, in 1826; came to Ohio in 1834 with his father, John Penn, and located in Richland county. He was married in 1851 to Ruth Clark, who was born in this township and county. They have two children: William, born in 1867, and Chloe, born in 1854.

Mr. Penn came to Knox county in 1853, and has remained here ever since. He is one of the useful and intelligent men of this county. -His father, John Penn, was born in 1800, in Baltimore, Maryland, and died in 1879. Mrs. John Penn has moved to Indiana. Mrs. Ruth Penn's father, William Clark, was born in Vermont in 1777. He came to Ohio in 1818, and was married to Abigail Owen, who was born in 1797 in Vermont. They are among the old pioneers of the county. They had two children: Rachel, born in 1829, and Ruth, born in 1833. William Clark died in 1862, aged eighty-four years five

PENROSE, EVERARD, painter, Pleasant township, son of Benjamin and Rachel Penrose, was born in Bucks county Pennsylvania, on the fifteenth day of April, 1818. He was brought to Knox county, Ohio, by his parents in 1828, who located in Monroe township, remained a few years, then purchased and moved on a farm in Clinton township, where he grew tomanhood. At the age of sixteen years he commenced teaching vocal music during the winter season, and has followed that as his vocation nearly every winter since that time. In 1838 he went to Philadelphia, where he learned painting and paperhanging, which he has made.his principle vocation.

He has been married twice; first in 1846 to Elizabeth Armstrong, of Philadelphia, who died in 1847. In 1849 he was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Mills, of Philadelphia. In 1851 he returned to Knox county with his wife and one child, where they have passed most of their time. In 1870 he purchased the property in Pleasant township, where they are now living. They have had eight children, four sons and four daughters; one of the latter is dead.

PETERMAN, CHRISTIAN, - deceased.- - Christian Peterman was born March 13, 1819, in Maple township, Delaware county, Pennsylvania, and at the time of his death his age was sixty-one years, eight months and fourteen days. He was a miller by trade. While he was yet a young man he was appointed to the position of warden of the Westchester prison, in Chester county, Pennsylvania, his administration lasting one year. The board of managers of the institutions showed their confidence in his abilities by offering him the position for another term, with an increased salary. By kindness he had won the confidence of the prisoners, and labored diligently to teach them Christian principles, and effected many reformations. His sensitive nature led him to believe that the position was one of too much responsibility and the burden too heavy for one of his youthful years, and he tendered his resignation. He left his native State in the year 1854, and settled in Millwood, Knox county, Ohio, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits, in company with his brother-in-law, Mr. C.. W. Page. In 1864 he removed to Mt. Vernon, purchased the stock of dry goods of Peter McIntire, at the corner of Main and Gambier streets, where he continued the business under his own name until 1870, when his eldest son, Samuel H., was made a partner. In January, 1880, he sold his stock and retired from business.

He was a member of St. Paul's Episcopal church for twentyone years, during which time he proved to be a steadfast Christian, and was known for his many acts of kindness during sickness and death, among families of his own acquaintance. He was superintendent of St. Paul's Sunday-school, and also junior warden in the church for a number of years. He was also an active member of the Young Men's Christian association of this city, and it was while in attendance at one of its meetings, in 1875, that he suffered a slight stroke of paralysis. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, having associated himself with Antioch lodge at Danville.

Samuel H. Peterman was a native of Pennsylvania, and came to this county with his parents in 1854. He received his education in the union schools in this city (Mt. Vernon), and his first business engagement was as an employe of the United States Express company. In this employment he remained from 1869 to 1871, after which he went'into partnership with his father. In April, 1880, he established a general insurance agency, and opened an office in the Peterman block, room 3, second floor, for conducting both fire and life insurance business. He represents such standard companies as the British American; Franklin, of Columbus; Travelers' Life and Accident; German Fire, of Pittsburgh; the Ohio Insurance company, Dayton; Mutual Fire, of Delaware; Merchants' and Mechanics', of Mansfield; Capitol City, of Columbus; Ohio Mutnal Relief, of Urbana. German, $360,000; British American, $5,000,000; Ohio, of Dayton, $200,000; Travelers' Life and Accident, paid up cash capital, $600,000.

PHILLIPS, HENRY, deceased, late of Mt. Vernon, was born in Devonshire, England, March 20, 1803. He came to America in 1821 with his parents, who settled at Phillipsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he resided until 1824, when he went to Cadiz, Harrison county, Ohio. In 1825 he took up his residence in Steubenville, Jefferson county, where he followed his trade (stone-mason and stone-dresser), until 1835, when he went into the tavern business, and kept the Washington house for five years with great credit to himself.

In 1825 he was married to Miss Maria Wise, then of Steubenville, but formerly of Washington county, Pennsylvania, where she was born March 24, 1806. She had removed to Steubenville in 1816 with her parents. Her mother died in 1845, and her father in 1850.

Mr. and Mrs. Wise had two children - a son and a daughter. The son died in 1836, and the daughter, in 1825, became the wife of the subject of this sketch.

Mr. Phillips came to Knox county in 1840, and located on a partly cleared farm in Wayne township, where the family resided till 1860, when he took up his residence in Mt. Vernon, where he resided until his death. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Phillips ten children were born, seven of whom are still living - Elizabeth was born in 1830: Henry, in 1832; Thomas, in 1833; Harrison, in 1836; Mary Ann, in 1839; and Maria and Martha (twins), in 1841.

Three sons and two daughters are residents of Jasper county, Iowa; one daughter, the wife of John Scarbrough, resides in Newark; and one daughter, the wife of Simon H. Bair, is a resident of Mt. Vernon.

Mr. Phillips died at his late residence on West High street, Saturday morning, March 25, 1876, aged seventy-three years and five days. For the three years prior to his death his health had been on the decline. On the day previous to his death he

During his residence in Steubenville he joined a lodge of Odd Fellows, and on his removal to this place he took a withdrawal card, which he deposited with Mt. Vernon Lodge No. 20, I. O. O. F. He passed regularly through all the high positions, both in the subordinate lodge as well as in the encampment branch of the order, and at the time of his death he was the oldest Odd Fellow in this part of the State. He was a man of strong mind and Steiling integrity, and stood ready at any moment to render aid and comfort to those in trouble or distress. He was a member of the Christian church, and stood prominent in its councils, and as a citizen was a valuable member of the community. He served one term as justice of the peace in Wayne township, and four terms in Clinton township after his removal to Mt. Vernon. His funeral services took place at the Christian church, on Vine street, Sunday, March 26, 1876, the Rev. Southmayd preaching the discourse. At the door of the church the remains were taken in charge by the Odd Fellows in the city, and taken to the cemetery, where the body was consigned to the tomb, according to the beautiful burial service of the order.

Mrs. Maria Phillips, the beloved companion, now in her seventy-fifth year, survives her departed husband. She is a woman of uncommon intelligence, and of as strong marked characteristics as a woman as her husband was asa man; is of sound mind and good health, more so than most women of her advanced age. She feels her loss deeply, but is upheld by the loving hands of the Father of the widow and of the orphan. Long may she be spared to minister unto the poor and destitute.

Among the proceedings of Mt. Vernon Lodge No. 20, [. O. O. F., are the following resolutions, expressive of the great loss the lodge sustained on the death of Brother Henry Phillips:

''That in the death of Brother Henry Phillips we recognize the loss of a true and faithful brother, whose life and conduct has won the love of our brotherhood,.and his pure and upright character the respect and esteem of his friends and acquaintances. That in the life of our brother we recognize the virtues which adorn the noblest of our race. He wasa father in the highest sense of the word; a kind and affectionate husband, and a perfect gentleman in all his intercourse with his fellow citizens. In all, he was one of the masterpieces of God's creation."

PHILIPS, MOSES, farmer, post office, New Castle, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1812, and came with his father, Jacob Philips, to Coshocton county, Ohio, in 1818. From there he removed to this township, in 1838, and has resided in Butler ever since. Hehas been married twice. The first time to Margaret Fry, May 14, 1835, by whom he had eleven children, viz: Henry, Amy, William, Mary Ann, Charlotte, Jonathan, James, Levi, John, Peter, Samuel.

His second wife was Sarah Ann Underwood, daughter of Jesse Underwood, to whom he was married October 1, 1863, and by whom he had five children, viz: Charles L., Delano, Arminia, Viola, and Robnetta. Mr. Philips' family is the largest in number of any one family in Butler township. ~

Peter Philips died in September, 1856; Jonathan, September, 1857; James died in the army, in 1864. His funeral discourse, delivered by Rev. Daniel Lambert, in the grove near the Woods church, Butler township, was an event long to be remembered by the hundreds of citizens who listened to its delivery.

PHILLIPS, HENRY, carpenter, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, July 11, 1814. He was brought to Knox county, Ohio, in 1818 by his parents, David and Nancy Phillips, who located in Clinton township, where they passed the remainder of their days.

David Phillips deceased February 20, 1863, aged eighty years. He served inthe War of 1812. His companion survived him until April 14, 1864, when she died, aged seventy years. They reared a family of thirteen children: Mary, Henry, Samuel, James and Thomas (twins), Permelia, Levi and Ruth (twins), Jackson, David, Johnson, Priscilla, and Hannah. Five of the foregoing, namely: Mary, Samuel, Levi, Jackson, and Priscilla have died.

Mr. Phillips is a carpenter and joiner by trade, and has followed that as his vocation during life. On the ninth of April, 1839, he married Miss Sarah Howard, born in Maryland November 2, 1820. They settled where he is now living, in Clinton township, two and a half miles from Mt. Vernon, on the Granville road. They reared a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters. His wife deceased February 27, 1864.

in Harrison county, Ohio, in 181g, and married in 1840, to Emaline Woodruff, who was born in Pike township, this county, in 1823. They had eight children, viz: Amos P., born in 1842; Malinda A., 1844; Elnora A., 1851; Elmira E., 1854, deceased; William D., 1859, deceased; Laura B., 1861; Clement R., 1864, and Lizzie B., 1869. Mr. Phillips came to Knox county, at the age of six years, and remained a citizen until his death, January 26, 1879.

The father of Mrs. Phillips, Amos O. Woodruff, deceased, was born in 1795, in New jersey; he was married to Elizabeth Rodgers, who was born in New Jersey in 1797. They had three children, viz: James R., Mary A., and Emaline. Mr. Woodruff came to Knox county, Ohio, in a very early day, and was a pioneer. He died in Michigan, and Mrs, Elizabeth Woodruff died in Pike township, in 1872.

PHILLIPS, JOHN R., farmer, Pike township, post office, Democracy, was born in Jefferson county, in 1823, and was married in 1843, to Sarah Quinn, who was bornin Knox county in 1826. They had five children, viz: Elizabeth, born in 1845; Robert, 1848; William, 1854; Lydia, 1860, deceased; and John Shannon, 1870. Mr. Phillips came to Knox county with his parents in 1825.

James Quinn, deceased, was born in New Jersey in 1781, and was married to Lydia Parks, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1796. They had six children, viz: Robert, born in 1819; William, 1821; John, 1823; Sarah, 1826; Thompson, 1829; and Llizabeth, 1838. The deceased members are Thompson and Elizabeth. James Quinn died in 1865, and his wife in 1881.

PHILLIPs, JOHN, Berlin township, post office, Fredericktown, was born in Harrison county, Ohio, in 1821, and came to Knox county in 1825. He was married in 1843, to Ruth Hipsley, who was born in Carroll county, Maryland, in 1826, and came to Ohio with her parents at forty-seven years of age. They have the following children: Clarinda, born in 1843; Margaret deceased in 1845; Henry W., born in 1847; Deroy E., in 1850; Sarah E., in 1853; Albert W., in 1856. Clarinda Phillips is married to Hugh C. Wilson, and lives in Pike township. Henry W. is married to Elvira Wilson, and they also reside in Pike township. Deroy married Julia Beard, and resides in Jasper county, Iowa. Sarah E. married Isaac C. Dunmire, and also resides in Jasper county, Iowa. Albert W. married Mary McCerg, and lives on the home place.

Mr. Phillips is a farmer by occupation, and has been identified with Knox county since 1825, and remembers well many incidents of pioneer life.

The father of Mrs. John Phillips, Joshua Hipsley, is a native of Maryland, and was married to Elizabeth Wilson, who was a native of the same State. They came to Knox county in 1834, and located in Berlin township, on the farm where John Phillips now resides. They had ten children: Mary Ann, married to Mr. Lee, deceased; Amos, living in Iowa; Louis, in Indiana; Joseph, in Iowa; Nicholas, in Illinois; Ruth, now married to Mr. Phillips; Caleb resides in Iowa; Sarah, now Mrs. Wilson, lives in Carroll county, Maryland, and Joshua deceased. Mr. Joshua Hipsley died May 29, 1866.

PHILIPS, MRS. RACHEL, was born in Perry township, Coshocton county, Ohio, on the sixteenth day of September, 1826, and was married to John Dalyer, October 6, 1842, by whom she had seven children, viz: Anna, born October 3, 1843; Levi, April 22, 1845; Frances M., August 11, 1847; Mary

John Dalyer was a member of the One Hundred and Twentyfirst Ohio volunteer infantry, and died April 29, 1865, of chronic dysentery, at Moorehead, North Carolina.

PHILLIPS, BENJAMIN, Wayne township, farmer, post office, Mt. Vernon, born in Wayne township, in 183%, and married in 1860 to Clara Bonner, who was born in Muskingnm county in 1839. They have five children: William B., born in 1861; Sarah, 1863; Benjamin, deceased at three years; Mable C., in 1869; Grant, in 1871, and Ellis H., in 1876.

PHILLIPS, ELIAS, farmer, Pike township, post office, North Liberty, boin in Pike township, this county, on the farm where he now resides, October 19, 1837, and was married in 1860, to Sarah Bowman, who was born in Ohio, in 1841. She died in 186r.

Mr. Elias Phillips has always been identified with this township and county. He owns the old homestead, which is now one of the most beautiful farms of this county.

PHILLIPS, HENRY W., farmer, Pike township, post office, Mt. Vernon, born in this township in 1847, and was married, in 1868, to Elvira Wilson, who was born in this township, in 1845. They have three children: Margaret Alwilda, born in 1870; Ida Blanche, in 1872, and Eddie W., in 1876.

PHILLIPS, JAMES W., Pike township, farmer, post office, North Liberty; born in this township July 30, 1849, and was married in 1874 to Sarah M. Reed, who was born in this township March 7, 1854. They had three children, Mary L., born January 2, 1875; Clarence Leroy, Octuber 14, 1876, died Apri} 24, 1877; and Jenered J., born May 30, 1880.

PHILO, HENRY, Mt. Vernon., is a native of Swaffham, England; was born April 17, 1846, and remained there until 1874. Upon arriving at manhood he learned the trade of carriage-making, and worked for the same man sixteen years, until he came to America. He first located at Mt. Holly as a salesman in a store, where he remained four years, after which he came to Mt. Vernon and bought out A. E. Philo, and engaged in keeping a grocery and restaurant, in which he is now engaged.

PICKARD, PETER, physician Mt. Vernon, was born in Devonshire, England, May 13, 1832, and attended the schools of Devonshire. When about seventeen years of age his parents came to America, and he worked two summers on a farm, and in the winter attended school; he also attended select school several terms. At about the age of twenty-four years he began reading medicine with Drs. ]. W. Russel and Matthew Thompson, and read with them three years anda half. He attended his first course of lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in Cincinnati, Ohio, and his last term he attended at the University of Buffalo, New York. He graduated February, 1859, and commenced practice in Martinsburgh the spring following; remained there eight and a half years and then came to Mt. Vernon, where he has since been engaged in the profession.

PICKERING, ENOCH, farmer, Milford township, was born in Guernsey county, Ohio, in October, 1832. His father, Greenbury Pickering, was a native of Maryland. He was married in Greene county, Pennsylvania, to Miss Susannah Darr, a native of Virginia. About 1831 they came to Guernsey county, Ohio, where they remained until 1844, when they moved to Hilliar township, Knox county; remained until 1854, then moved to Henry county, Iowa (near Mt. Pleasant), where they lived and died. They had twelve children, six of each sex, and, so far as is known, ten of them are living, viz: Lot, Albert, Corbley, Enoch, Philip, David, Maria (married William Wilson), Orpha (married John Hosick), Hannah (deceased), Elizabeth (married N. Boyd), Fannie (deceased), Lucinda (married William Parrin).

The subject of this notice remained at home with his parents until he was about twenty-two years of age, when he returned to Ohio. He was married to Miss Catharine Ward in 1854. Since his marriage he has been engaged mainly at farming. They have five children, viz: Sarah E., Manville, John S., Albert, and Lucinda.

PIERCE, ISAAC, Hilliar township, blacksmith, was born in Mansfield, Richland county, January 30, 1810, His parents came to Knox county about six years after and settled on the Indian fields, south of Mt. Vernon, where Isaac remained until he was about ten years old, when his uncle, Peter Kinney, took him to Wheeling, Virginia, and he shortly after got ona boat as cook on the Ohioriver. He followed the river for some years and then came to Mt. Vernon, where he learned the trade of blacksmithing with William Davis. His next move was to Hilliar township in 1834, and about two years after came to Centreburgh and carried on his trade for many years, until he became afflicted with rheumatism.