Tuscarawas Township

Tuscarawas Township

TUSCAEAWAS township, in extent, is the smallest civil subdivision of Coshocton county, embracing that portion of range 6, township 6, which lies east of the Muskingum and Walhonding rivers. In its original boundaries at the formation of the county, it included nearly the entire northern portion of the county. By the successive organization of new townships, this large territory was gradually separated from it, and in 1835, by the formation of Lafayette township, it reached its present limits. In 1836, that part of range 6, township 5, which lies west of the Muskingum, was taken from Jackson, and re-annexed to Tuscarawas township. This arrangement becoming unsatisfactory, particularly to the people of Eoscoe, the re-annexed portion was soon restored to Jackson township, and its boundaries have since remained undisturbed.

The township is particularly rich in fertile,^ river bottom lands. The wide valley of the Muskingum for a few miles from its formation, lieswholly upon the eastern side of the river, that is, in this township, while the valley of the Walhonding and Tuscarawas embrace nearly the whole of the northern part of the township. Altogether, the level lands amount to more than one-half its territory, and this makes it probably the best township in the county for agricultural purposes.

The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis railroad enters from Franklin township on the south, and extends northward in an vmbending course to Coshocton, thence it follows the meanderings of the Tuscarawas eastward into Lafayette township. The Ohio canal crosses the Walhonding by an aqueduct from Jackson township, and winds through the northern part of the township, north of the Tuscarawas, dipping once or twice into Keene, until it reaches Lafayette.

The entire township consists of military land. The first, second, third and fourth quarters of township 5, range 6, respectively, are known aa the Price, Backus, Bowman and Denman sections. Immediately after the military lands, towhich Coshocton county belongs, were set apart by congress and surveyed, the rush for locations was so great by those who held warrants for land, that priority of selection must be determined, and a public drawing by lot was held at Philadelphia. Mr. Cass, the father of Hon. Lewis Cass, drew the first choice, and Elijah Backus, a resident of Marietta, the second. Ebenezer Buckingham and John Matthews, both of whom were practical surveyors, were employed by both Cass and Backus to make the locations. The surveyors inquired of the proprietors for what purposes they wanted the land, and Cass replying that he desired land for agriculture only, the section, at the mouth of Tomica creek in the northern edge of Muskingum county, was selected as the most desirable for this purpose. Mr. Backus wishfed a site for a town, and the second section or northwest quarter of range 6, township 5, at the forks of the Muskingum, was selected as the best location which the district afforded. Buckingham and Matthews became interested in this section as tenants in common, and afterward laid out Tuscarawa, later, Coshocton, on an extended scale. The greater part of this section lies west of the Muskingum and Walhonding rivers.

The first section, or northeast quarter, lies wholly in this township. The patent for it was granted by President Adams, to Benjamin Morgan and Chandler Price, merchants of Philadelphia, as tenants in common,' April 15, 1800. Two days later Morgan disposed of his moiety to Price for 11,000. October 25, 1800, Mr. Price sold John Matthews 180 acres, and in March, 1812, deeded Philip Waggoner 240 acres. The residue was retained and disposed of in toto to William Hulings in 1824, and five years later he deeded it to E. Butler Price. In 1831, Mr. Price began to sell it in lots, and in a few years it was mostly sold. The section was surveyed into sixteen lots of nearly equal size.

Matthias Denman was the original proprietor of the 4th section of the southeast quarter of the township, though the date of his patent does not seem to be on record. He was a resident of Springfield, Essex county, New Jersey, owned the two other military sections in this county, and was also proprietor of a tract of land upon which Cincinnati is now built. He did not become a resident of Coshocton county, but his children and grand-children settled here, and still occupy portions of their ancestor's possessions.

The first conveyance on record of the 3d section or southwest quarter of the township, most of which lies in Jackson township, is a deed from Martin Baum, of Hamilton county, to Jesse Pulton, for 455 acres, lying west of the Muskingum. A little later, November 6, 1802, the residue of the section was conveyed by Mr. Baum to Jacob Bowman.

The owners of these sections of land were disposed to withhold them from the market until, by the occupation of the surrounding country, their value would be considerably enhanced, and accordingly the settlement of this township was very slow. Mo it of the earliest occupants were either squatters or lessees, who remained but a short time and left little or no trace of their settlement here. The few early permanent settlements that were formed, were made usually on location lots, the land received by the surveyors in return for their services in locating the sections for the proprietors. The location lots were usually sold as soon as a purchaser appeared for them.

One of the first settlements in the county, and probably the first permanent one in this township outside the limits of Coshocton, was made by the Pultons about one and one-half miles south of Coshocton, about 1803 or 1804. They were three brothers, Jesse, John and Samuel. Matthew Denman sold to John Pulton, November 13, 1801, 640 acres, a tract one mile square off the western part of his section, and soon after he settled upon it. Just west of this was the tract purchased by Jesse Fulton from Martin Baum. Part of it Mr. Fulton sold to his brother Samuel. The latter died in the township during or before the war of 1812. John died of cold plague in 1815. Jesse, who was known as Judge Fulton, remained in the township for a while and then removed to Linton township, where he operated the salt works on his place in connection with farming. He was an enterprising and prominent pioneer and a man of very decided character.

The Cantwells about the same time settled just north of the Fultons on the Denman section. They were lessees only but remained several years. They were Nathaniel, John, William, James and Jacob, and several sisters. William was the post boy, who was shot from his horse in 1825 just across the Tuscarawas county line, while carrying the mail. Some of the family moved west; the others died in this county.

John Mitchell, a Pennsylvanian, who had married a sister of the Fultons, settled on the north part of lot 8, Bowman section, about the time the Fultons came. He was one of the first associate judges of the county.

Benjamin Fry, who emigrated from Red Stone, Pennsylvania, in 1808, purchased land just south of Mitchell. His house occupied the site of Samuel Moore's present residence, and in it he kept for sale a small stock of goods. In 1810, he removed across the river and there operated a small distillery for a short time, then moved to Fry's Ford, in Bethlehem township.

The Fry farm, of 262 acres, belonging to the location lot of the Bowman section, was sold in 1810 to William Moore, then of Muskingum county. His sons, Charles and Elijah, both unmarried, occupied the place until 1814, when they returned to Muskingum county and a third son, John D. Moore, took possession of it. He was originally from near Pennington, New Jersey, and was a tailor by trade. In 1802 he went to Cincinnati, and for a few years worked at his trade successively in the then small villages of Cincinnati, Marietta, Chillicothe, Circleville and Zanesville, carrying his goose and bodkin with him from place to place. He then came to Coshocton, and, in 1810, married Mary M. Miller, daughter of George Miller, of Lafayette township. In 1812, he was working at his trade in Coshocton with Mr. Neff, and liying at the northeast corner of Main and Fourth streets. He was deputy sheriff for C. Van Kirk, his brother-in-law, the first sheriff of Coshocton county. He was also a corporal in Captain Johnson's company, and served a few months in the war. After his removal to the country in 1814, he engaged in farming and tailoring.

When the cold plague broke out with severity in 1815, he was one of the very few who had the courage to visit and minister to the wants of his sick and dying neighbors. Mr. Moore died in December, 1824. Of his five children, four died in infancy or youth. The remaining son, Samuel Moore, still has possession and resides at the old homestead.

John Noble, from Brownsville, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, about 1814, settled upon the north part of lot 9, Bowman section. He died a few years later. About the same time John Ostler, also from Pennsylvania, leased sin this vicinity. He lost several children by the ravages of cold plague, and soon after purchased and removed to lot 19, of the Denman section.

Isaac Masters was an early tenant on lot 7, Bowman section. He was from Brownsville, Pennsylvania; honest and straightforward in conduct, but could work better for the material interests of others than his own. He died in 1822. William Booklass and a Mr. Baird were other early tenants near by.

Workman and David Waggoner were among the early settlers. The latter, in 1822, moved from Oxford township to the tract which his father, Philip Waggoner, purchased ten years before from Mr. Price. He was born in 1796, and is at this writing one of the few remaining pioneers. In ,1822, the land he moved upon was still a dense, unbroken wilderness, as was almost the entire northern part of the township. |A few squatters had come, built rude, small cabins, and departed, but no permanent settlement had been made in this portion of the township.

A ferry was kept about two miles below town in an early day by John Noble, and afterward by Benjamin Fry. The road to Coshocton, east of the river, was much better than the one on the other side, and the ferry was consequently advantageous to the southern settlers. It was maintained only a few years.

For some time after the first settlement was - made, there was no wheat flour to be had unless it came from a distance, and no corn meal except such as could be made in a hominy mortar. It was quite an event when the Fultons arrived, for they brought with them a small hand-mill, such as was common in the pioneer settlements of the West. Grinding frolics, after night, were common among the young folks, each one carrying home a few quarts of meal as the fruits of their labor. The first mill in the county was made with these millstones. The date of its erection is not known, but it was previous to 1811. The mill was situated on that part of the old Rickett's farm, now owned by Seth McClain. It stood in the hollow, just below, and close to, the road south of the fair grounds, and about thirty rods south of Mr. McClain's stable. It was fed by Flint run and the water of a fine spring. The power consisted of a huge overshot wheel, exceeding twenty feet in diameter, which, however, turned exceedingly slow. Nothing but corn was ground in the mill, and very little of it. The mill was designed only to meet the wants of the immediate neighborhood in which it was located, and was operated only a few years. The supply of water power was insuflBcient to render it available to any extent, and it never repaid the cost of its erection.

The early settlers often went to Zanesville to mill in canoes. The only mill there for some time is said to have been a kind of floating mill, tied by a grape-vine to the river bank, and turned by the current of the stream. Such mills were common in early days, and did good service in those necessitous times. After a while Colonel Williams erected a horse mill in Coshocton, as mentioned elsewhere, the machinery of which, after doing good service here for a time, was removed to a new mill on Cantwell's run, across the river. These were the only two mills in Tuscarawas township, except those afterward built in Coshocton. It is said that the first wheat ground in the county was ground on a cofifeemill belonging to Mrs. Williams, and sifted through a piece of linen. The salt used by the early settlers was brought from Taylorsville on horseback, and was often $8 per bushel, a cow being sometimes exchanged for a single bushel of salt. The dresses of the women were for the most part made of home-manufactured linsey, and the wearing apparel of the nven was of the same, or of buckskin.

It would be a difficult matter to find another tract of equal extent with Tuscarawas township, in this portion of the State, that marks the site of so many and so varied scenes of Indian history. Many of these, unfortunately, have faded from the knowledge of men beyond recall. The earliest visitation of its territory by white men, of whom a record is preserved, was in the winter of 1751, when Christopher Gist, an agent of the Ohio company, remained a month in a village of the Wyandot's called in Hutchin's map, "Old Wyandot Town." It was situated on the Tuscarawas, several miles from the forks of that and the Walhonding rivers, in all probability at or near the site of Canal Lewisville. On Christmas day, 1751, Mr. Gist read the English service here, and delivered a discourse to the Indians, which was well received. The next day a woman, who had attempted to escape from captivity, and had been retaken, was put to death in a very cruel manner. Mr. Gist found here one Thomas Burney, a blacksmith, who had settled here. George Croghan, an English trader, afterward deputy Indian agent to Sir William Johnson, Andrew Montour, a half-breed, and other white men.

The place of General Bouquet's encampment was on the highland, about a mile north from the mouth of the Walhonding. Its location is generally supposed to have been at the foot of Johnson's, formerly Salliard's, hill. What were probably remains of the encampment, existed here as late as 1850. Four redoubts were built here opposite to the four angles of the camp. The ground in front of the camp, to the north, was cleared, a store-house for tlie provisions erected, and also one in which to receive the Indians. Three houses, with separate apartments for the captives, were built, and with the officers' messhouses, ovens, etc., this camp had the appearance of a little town.

Here 1,500 men were encamped from October 25, to November 18, 1764, and during the time 206 Indian captives were delivered to them. The ancestors of some of the present citizens of the county were among the prisoners restored. Among the rest, were six children, four brothers and two sisters, belonging to one family. They had been taken captive in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, together with a brother who was never restored, and a mother and an infant child who were killed. On their return to Fort Pitt, they were recognized by the bereaved father, who for seven years knew nothing of their fate. Among them was Ehoda Boyd, the youngest of the sisters, and fourteen years old at the time she was restored, the grand-mother of Smiley Harbaugh, who was a life-long resident of Coshocton. Some of the soldiers, too, who served in this campaign were delighted with the country, and afterward returned.and settled here. Among them was the father of George Beaver, of Keene township.

Connected with General Bouquet's expedition was an assistant engineer, 'Phomas Hutchins, who projected a map of the country passed over, and laid down upon it the most important Indian towns in this vicinity. Besides " Old Wyandot Town," there were in this township two others, "A Delaware Town,'' occupying the site of Coshocton, and " Bullets Town," situated some distance below 'Coshocton, and represented on the map as lying on both sides of the river. Its exact locality is not known, but it was probably in the vicinity of Lichtenau, two miles south of

Coshocton. This latter was a Moravian village. The town was laid off in the form of a cross, one street stretching along the bank of the river. It was in the vicinity of the larger mound, standing near the road, several miles south of Coshocton, and other remains of the Mound Builders. C. H. Mitchener, in his " Ohio Annals," gives the following account of an exextensive burial ground at this place :

" Zeisberger settled Lichtenau, in 1776, and he was attracted to the spot from the numerous evidences as an ancient race having been buried there, more civilized than the Indians of this day. The missionaries have left but meager details of what they there found, but enough to clearly prove that the inhabitants understood the use of the ax, the making of pottery and division of areas of land into squares, etc. In a large graveyard, which covered many acres, human bones or skeletons were found, less in stature than the average Indian by a foot and a half. They were regularly buried in rows, heads west and feet east, as indicated by the enameled teeth in preservation, so that the disembodied spirits, on coming out of the graves, would first see the rising sun and make their proper devotional gestures to their great Spirit or God. From approximate measurement this graveyard is said to have contained ten acres, and has long since been plowed up and turned into cornfields The race of beings buried there averaged four feet in height, judging irom the size of the graves and layers of ashes. Estimating that twenty bodies could be buried in a square rod, this human sepulcher, if full, would "have contained over 30,000 bodies, and the ordinary time required to fill such a graveyard would not be less than 500 years, in a city^ the size of -Coshocton of the present day, assuming that the generations average thirty-three years of life. -One skeleton dug up from this graveyard is said to have measured five and one-half feet, and the flkuU to have been perforated by a bullet. The body had been dismembered, and iron nails and a, decayed piece of oak were found in the grave.

On the farm of a Mr. Long, about fifteen miles of St. Louis, was found, many years ago, an ancient burying ground, containing a vast number of small graves, indicating that the around had once been the seat of a great population of human beings, of less than ordinary size, similar in every respect to those found near Coshocton. But on opening the graves they found the skeletons deposited in stone coffins, -while those at Coshocton bore evidence of having been' buried in wooden coffins. After opening many of the graves, all having in them skeletons .of a pigmy race, they at length found one, as at Coshocton, denoting a fully developed, large sized man, except in length, the legs having been cut off at the knees, and placed along side the thigh bones. From this fact many scientific men conjectured that there must have been a custom among the inhabitants of separating the bones of the body before burial, and that accounted for the small size of the graves. The skeletons, however, were reduced to white chalky ashes, and therefore it was impossible to determine whether such a custom existed or not.

A custom is said to have existed among certain tribes of the Western Indians to keep their dead unburied until the flesh separated from the bones, and when the bones became clean and white, they were buried in small coffins. The Nanticoke Indians of Maryland, had a custom of exhuming their dead, after somp months of burial, cutting off from the bones all the flesh and burning it, then drying and wrapping the bones in clean cloths, and reburying them, and whenever the tribe removed to new hunting grounds, the bones of their dead were taken along. It is known that this tribe removed to Western Pennsylvania, and portions of them came to the Muskingum valley with the Shawanese. Zeisberger had two Nanticoke converts at Schoenbrunn,and one of whom (named Samuel Nanticoke) affirmed - as tradition goes - that this pigmy graveyard at Lichtenau, was their burying ground, and contained the bones of their ancestors, carried from one place to another for many generations, and found a final resting place in these valleys, when their posterity became too weak, from wastage of war to remove them elsewhere.

A short distance below Coshocton, says Dr. Hildreth in Silliman's journal, on one of those elevated, gravelly alluvians, so common on the rivers of the west, has been recently discovered a very singular ancient burying ground. From what remains of wood still (1835) apparent in the earth around the bones, the bodies seem all to have been deposited in coffins; and what is still more curious, is the fact that the bodies buried here were generally not more than from three to four and a half feet in length. They are very numerous and must have been tenants of a considerable city, or their numbers could not have been so great. A large number of graves have been opened, the inmates of which are all of this pigmy race. No metallic articles or utensils have yet been found to throw any light on the period or nation to which they belonged. Similar burying grounds have been found in Tennessee and near St. Louis.

We learn orally from another source that this burying ground covered in 1830 about ten acres. The graves were arranged in regular rows, with

In one of them was a skeleton with pieces of oak boards and iron wrought nails. The corpse had evidently been dismembered before burial as the skull was found among the bones of the pelvis, and other bones were displaced. The skull itself was triangular in shape, much flattened at the sides and back, and in the posterior part having an orifice, evidently made by some weapon of war, or bullet. In 1830 dwarf oaks of many years growth were over several of these graves. The graveyard ha? since been plowed over. Nothing was known of its origin by the early settlers. Below the graveyard is a beautiful mound.

That this burial grouijid belonged, in part, at least, to the Moravian mission at Lichtenau, is highly probable. It was so identified by a Moravian minister from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who visited Coshocton. His judgment in regard to the matter is entitled to some weight, as he is wholly familiar with the customs of the Moravians, and had in his possession some of the manuscript notes of this mission.

The Moravians do not bury in family grotips, but according to age and sex. The old men are buried by themselves, the old women, young men, and young women, all in regular rows by themselves. The part of the graveyard exposed may have been the part where the children were buried, a fact which would explain the uniform shortness of the graves. The Moravians in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, still bury in this way.

The graveyard was just west of the railroad and south of the lane leading east from Samuel Moore's residence. The mound, previously alluded to, is about three-fourths of a mile south of this, and is the largest found in Coshocton county. It is of conical form, twenty-five or thirty feet in height, and about eighty feet in diameter at the base. It is covered by a few trees, and has never been excavated. By a recent change in the river road a portion of one side has been cut down. Close to this mound, in early days were two others of lesser dimensions, one probably ten feet high, the other still smaller ; both, however, have now disappeared from view under the oft repeated cultivation of their soil.

Another mound of considerable size, formerly stood in Coshocton, near the residence of Mrs. Hutchinson, corner of Fourth and Locust streets.

The Indians frequented the hunting grounds of the township in numbers up to the time of the breaking out of the war of 1812, and visited Coshocton as a trading post from miles around. Difficulties sometimes arose, but led to nothing more serious than an occasional fight. An Indian murder, however, occurred several miles from Coshocton, of which Mr. Calhoun gives the following occount:

At an early period in the history of Coshocton occurred the aggravated murder of the Indian, Philhps, by another Indian, called Johnson. The locality of this bloody deed was a few miles east of Coshocton, on the old Massillon road, on what has since been called Philhps' Hill. Such contradictory statements are given of the whole affair, that we dare not follow any of them, and shall content ourselves with enumerating some of the contradictions which are current. According to some, the murder originated in an old grudge of Johnson's against Phillips; according to others, they were out hunting bear, on Rocky run, and, having killed one, quarreled about dividing it. Phillips ran, pursued by Johnson, until he came to the hill, where he was overtaken and killed. According to another account, they were out cutting a bee tree, and, getting into a quarrel, Johnson killed Phillips. According to others, Johnson spent the night previous to this murder at Philhps' camp, to the east of the hill which now bears his name. In the morning they started to come to town together, and the deed was done on the way. By some it is said to have happened in the fall, by others in the dead of winter; by some in 1807, by others in 1803. There can be no doubt that Phillips was murdered, and was buried somewhere in Coshocton ; but no two persons agree in the place. There is much difference of opinion, also as to the man- Aer of his burial, some affirming that he was buried after the Indian mode, with tomahawk and scalping knife, and tobacco, others denying it altogether. It is also affirmed and denied that his wife walked three times round his grave, but the fourth time round, she stumbled and fell, and that she only lived three years after. The murderer is also said to have wiped his bloody hands on a tree which stood near the place where Philhps fell, and though the deed was done on the 21st of December, and it was exceedingly cold, yet the blood was not frozen on Christmas morning.

Tuscarawas is a mining as well as an agricultural township, there being at present several large exporting companies operating here, besides a large number of mines, which are worked chiefly for home consumption. A vein of coal very regular in thickness, from three feet eight inches to three teet ten inches, underlies nearly the whole township, and has proved to be of excellent quality. In early pioneer times the method of procuring the coal was by stripping ; that is, removing all overlying strata first. This was of course very laborious, and could be resorted to only when the coal was near the surface. As early as 1820, John Knoff was engaged in extracting the coal in this way near Coshocton, and supplying the then exceedingly limited demand for this article.

The earliest mine of which any knowledge is had was in operation at " Hardscrabble " in 1833, on the land then belonging to Johnson, now to John G. Stewart. Amos Wilson was manager of it, but the amount of coal mined was not very considerable. Morris Burt, about 1835, opened a bank on the other side of the same hill, and worked it for a number of years. He constructed a wooden tram-way part way to Coshocton, and the coal was hauled the remaining distance by wagons. There were few of the families in Coshocton at that time who did not burn wood as fuel entirely, so that it required but little coal to supply the needs of the village. After the distillery was started in Coshocton, it consumed coal as fuel, and in supplying it the amount of coal mined began to increase.

In 1856 Foght Burt opened a mine on his farm about a mile southeast from Coshocton, and made a four feet ten inch railroad to connect with the Steubenville and Indiana railroad, making the junction a little south of the freight depot. The rails were of wood, topped with plate iron. At first horses were used to haul the cars; afterward a small locomotive - " Little Giant " - J. H. Burt being the engineer. A considerable amount of money was put into the enterprise, and much effort made by Mr. Burt and his sons, R. W. and T. H., but the project was a costly failure, owing, it is said, to the failure of the railroad company to meet expectations of assistance in building the coal road and afterward in furnishing cars.

Mr. Shoemaker opened a mine on the Ricketts' farm, about one and a half miles northeast of -Coshocton, and from it supplied the engines of the railroad with coal. About 1868, or later, the

Miami Coal and Mining Company began operations on the same land, purchasing the lease from the Coshocton Coal Company. The company was a foreign one, and J. H. Carman was the manager. After several years the leaee was forfeited and the mine was re-leased in 1873, by E. Prosser and J. W. Cassingham, who formed the Pen Twyn Company. They operated the mine until the spring of 1879, when the supply of coal was exhausted and the mines abandoned.

Beech Hollow mine, now opperated by Prosser & Cassingham, was opened about 1862, by E, Prosser, one of the present owners, and worked by him for several years. About 1868, through the efforts of Colonel J. C. Campbell and Albert Christy, the Coshocton Coal Company was organized, with a capital of $125,000, mostly foreign. The interest and influence of A. H. Spangler was enlisted, and he became a holder of considerable stock. The company bought up the leases of the Beech Hollow mine, the Shoemaker mine, the mine afterward operated by the New York company, two miles south of Coshocton, and other mines. Colonel J. 0. Campbell was president of the company. The expenditures were heavy, and financially the company was a failure. It operated the Beech Hollow mine until the fall of 1876, when the lease was forfeited and the property came into the possession of its present owners. It is now called the Coshocton Mining Company. The mine is situated about one and one-half miles northeast of Coshocton, and is connected with the railroad by an iron tramway, which reaches the railroad near the water tank just outside the limits of the village corporation. From thirty-five to forty miners are here employed, and during the last three years 60,000 tons of coal has been mined. It is shipped principally to Newark, Mt. Vernon, Columbus, Piqua, Urbana and other intermediate points.

In 1870, the Home Coal Company was organized by Frank 8. and John A. Barney, D. L. Triplet, S. H. Lee, Edward Prosser, Thomas Denmead, W. W. Card, and George W. Ricketts, Mr. Prosser soon disposed of his interest to Mr. Ricketts, and in a^ few years Prosser, J. W. Cassingham and E. Thomas Dudley purchased the shares of the pther six stockholders. Then after a time the property was transferred to George

W. Eicketts and David Waggoner, who are the present owners. This mine does the most extensive business in the township. About sixtyminers are engaged. The mine is at " Hardscrabble," about one and one-half miles east of Coshocton, and is connected with the railroad by A tramway more than a mile in length.

The New York Coal and Coke Company commenced operations alaout twelve years ago, by purchasing from the Coshocton Coal Company fiome territory two miles south of Coshocton. Eobert Youart, of Troy, Ohio, was the superintendent. In a few years the property was transferred to a company of Michigan men, and Colonel W. S. Wood placed in charge. The name was changed to the Union Coal and Mining Company. L. W. Robinson is the present superintendent. The yield of this mine has been about 1,000 tons per month.

Coal mining in this township has only fairly begun. There are thousands of acres of land underlaid with coal of richest quality that has not yet been touched. A considerable portion of this has been purchased by operators, who will gradu- ^ally develope the almost inexhaustible store, as -circumstances will permit. A principal impediment to the more vigorous prosecution of the work heretofore has been an inability to procure adequate means of transportation.

Canal Lewisville lies partly in Keene and partly in Tusjjarawas township. The dividing line passes diagonally through the plat, leaving the larger portion of it, and almost entirely the occupied part, in Tuscarawas township. It lies in the beautiful Tuscarawas valley, a short distance north of the river. The Ohio canal passes through the village, and gave rise to its location and growth. It was laid out by the county survej'or, James Ravenscraft, July 2, 1832, Solomon Vail and Thomas B Lewis being the proprietors. Their expectations of its rapid development were if the size of the plat be any indication. It contained 220 lots, besides a number of outlots. The village of Newport had been founded about two years previous, a half mile to the west, in Keene township. The road to Millersburg, then a principal thoroughfare, passed through Newport northward, but shortly before Lewisville was laid out, the road was altered and made to pass through the site of the future Lewisville, and this fact more than anything else, induced the proprietors to lay the foundation for a town. It was designed from the first to be a shipping point for grain, and for a number of years an immense business was done here in this line. Before the Cleveland and Mt. "Vernon road was built through Holmes county, it was customary for the farmers as far north- as Millersburg to haul their wheat to this place. The amount of grain transported from the three warehouses about 1847 was immensse.

The first grain dealer in the place was Arnold Medbery, of Roscoe, who erected a warehouse very soon after the town was laid out, at the southeast corner of Main and Pleasant streets. It is now operated by Henry W. Henderson. Mr. Medbery remained in possession of the building for a long time, but at length transferred the property to Samuel Lamberson, who, after operating here for many years, in 1872 disposed of the warehouse to Charles Burns. It was then operated by Burns & Hack until 1877, when it became the property of William Hanlon, and business was conducted by his sons under the name of Hanlon & Brothers. In 1880 the present owner came into possession of it. A large amount of grain is still bought here, but much less than formerly. From the first a general dry goods business has been carried on in connection with the warehouse.

Cotemporaneously with Mr. Medbery, Alexander Renfrew started in the merchandising and grain dealing business, erecting buildings for the purpose on the opposite side of Main street. The business was conducted by Renfrew & Wilson, and later by Fiuley Carnahan and John Best. It finally ceased to be profitable and was suspended. A few years ago the buildings were removed.

Jackson & Henry Hay followed the other two firms in a few years with a third warehouse. It, too, was situated on the north side of the canal, corner of Washington street. After a time it was sold to Mr. Williamson, but in a few years returned to the possession of the Hays. Business was finally suspended, and about 1869 the old

The first building in town was the north wing of the present two-story frame, located on lot 100, now owned by Charles and John Graham, and occupied by the dry goods store of Charles Graham & Brothers. It was brought by T. B. Lewis, from Newport, re-erected and used first by him as a hotel. Then George T. Humriokhouse and William K. Johnson started a store in it. After the store had run its course, the building subserved its original purpose for a number of years. Addison Syphert and Robert Andrews successively keeping tavern here. After being used for dwellings some time, David Markley purchased and repaired it, and let it as a tenant house until, in January, 1881, it came into the possession of its present owners.

The frame building on lot 139, corner Main and Canal streets, was erected by Alexander Renfrew, as a hotel. After many years he sold it to John Richeson, Richeson to Mr. McClain, and from the widow McClain it was purchased by R. A. Wilman, who now keeps for sale in it a stock of family groceries.

The manufacturing interests of the village are, and always have been, exceedingly small. At present, there are two blacksmith shops and one shoe shop. Formerly a rectifier was in operation, on lot 128, under the control of Thomas Love. Archie Johnson afterward operated it for a while. The population of Canal Louisville, in 1880, was 252.

The present school building is a substantial, commodious, two-story brick, with two rooms, erected in 1879. E. J. Stickle taught in the upper grade, during the first year, and Miss Wiggins in the lower. Byron Hinebaugh has been teacher during the year recently closed. The old school building was a brick, containing but one apartment.

Samuel Lamberson was an early postmaster. His successors have be been Martin Hack, Edward Hanton and Charles Graham, the present incumbent. Dr. Hall is remembered as being the first resident practicing physician. Dr. Chapman, and many others, have followed him, usually for a brief period. The bodily ills of the

The village contains two churches, a Methodist Episcopal and a Baptist. A society of the former persuasion was formed as early as 1835, with William Welch, of Keene, as class-leader. It contained few members, among whom were Gabriel Clark and Mr. and Mrs. John Stonehooker.

The meetings were held in the school-house and after a time the society disbanded. Then about 1860 the present society was organized by Rev. Gardner with ten or twelve members, among them David and Selina Markley, Minerva Markley, Mrs. Mehitable Collins, Maria Craig, Sarah Day and Margaret Craig. The early meetings were held in the village school-house until the present house of worship was erected about 1870. It was dedicated May 7, of the following year, by Rev. Jesse Warner. The building is a neat, frame structure, surrounded by a cupola containing the church bell, and cost about $2,300. It was built chiefly through the efforts of David Markley. The appointment is connected with the Keene charge and Rev. Dissette is the present pastor. The membership is now and always , has been small. A flourishing Sunday-school is in operation under the superintendence of John Graham.

The Canal Lewisville Regular Baptist church worships in a modest frame meeting-house which was converted to this purpose from a dwelling house about 1875. Prior to that date services had been held in the school-house. The first meeting looking to an organization was held September 29, 1864, attended by Abraham Randals, Sr., and family, Hannah Grey and Barbara Moreland, but , it was not until 1866 that the organization was instituted as a Regular Baptist church with a membership of twenty. In that year'^lder W. S. Barnes was made pastor. Those who have since served in a ministerial capacity are L. L. Root, Samuel W. Frederick, and James K. Linebaugh, who is the present Elder. The membership at one time increased to forty but has since been reduced and is reported to be twenty-two at ^present. A Sunday-school is held throughout the

A Methodist Protestant society worships at Moore's or Pleasant Valley school-house, district No. 1, about two and one-half miles south of Coshocton. It was organized at the old school-house in this district in 1845, by Rev. John Lamb, then ministering to a prosperous congregation at Coshocton. The original class was composed of twenty-eight members, among whom were Samuel Moore and Susanna, his wife, his mother, Mary M. Moore, Richard Meek, James T. Morris and wife, Elijah West,. William West and wife, Peter Moore, and John Peters and wife. The society enjoyed a vigorous and prosperous life, but its numbers are now very few. William Wells is the present pastor. Of its past ministers may be mentioned Joel Dolby, Zachariah Ragan, Rev. Wilson, Israel Thrapp, Joseph Hamilton, Jeremiah Biddeson, William Baldwin, David Truman, John Baker, William Munhall, S. Robinson, William Ross and Rev. Avery. No attempt has been made to erect a church building, owing to the proximity of the society to Coshocton, and also to the chyrch in Franklin township. A Sabbathschool was started about 1845, and kept in continuous operation until within a few years.

Chestnut Hill Regular Baptist church, located one and a half miles east of Coshocton, was organized in 1876, with about twenty members. Services were held regularly in the district school-house, but for .some time now they have been suspended. They were visited by different ministers, and for a while regularly supplied with preaching by Rev. H. Clark. The establishment of the Baptist church at Coshocton has apparently obviated the necessity of this organization.

Source changes here: from History of Coshocton County, Ohio;, by Hill, Norman Newell, Jr., [from Old Catalog] Comp, published 1881; 7,032 words in this source stream.

Tuscarawas Township

TUSCARAWAS township, in extent, is the smallest civil subdivision of Coshocton county, embracing that portion of range 6, township 5, which lies east'of the Muskingum and Walhonding rivers. In its original boundaries at the formation of the county, it included nearly the entire northern portion of the county. By the successive organization of new townships, this large territory was gradually separated from it, and in 1835, by the formation of Lafayette township, it reached its present limit,s. In 1S3G, that part of range 6, township 5, which lies west of the Muskingum, was taken from Jackson, and re-annexed to Tuscarawas township. This arrangement becoming unsatisfactory, particularly to the people of Roseoe, the re-anncxed portion was soon restored to Jackson township, and its boundaries have since remained undisturbed.

The township is particularly rich in fertile, river bottom lands. The wide valley of the Muskingum for a few miles from its formation, lies wholly upon the eastern side of the river, that is, in this township, while the valley of the Walhonding and Tuscarawas embrace nearly the whole of the northern part of the township. Altogether, the level lands amount to more than one-half its territory, and this makes it probably the best township in the county for agricultural purposes.

The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis railroad enters from Franklin township on the south, and extends northward in an unbending course to Coshocton, thence it follows the meanderings of the Tuscarawas eastward into Lafayette township. The Ohio canal crosses the Walhonding by an aqueduct from Jackson township, and winds through the northern part of the township, north of the Tuscarawas, dipping once or twice into Keene, until it reaches Lafayette.

The entire town.ship consists of military land. The first, second, third and fourth quarters of township 5, range 6, respectively, are known as the Price, Backus, Bowman and Denman sections. Immediately after the military lands, to which Coshocton county belongs, were set apart by congress and surveyed, the rush for locations was so great by those who held warrants for land, that priority of selection must be determined, and a public drawing by lot was held at Philadelphia. Mr. Cass, the father of Hon. Lewis Cass, drew the first choice, and Elijah Backus, a resident of Marietta, the ^second. Ebenezer Buckingham and John JNIatthews, both of whom were practical surveyors, were emjiloyed by both Cass and Backus to make the locations. The surveyors inquired of the proprietors for what purposes they wanted the land, and Cass replying that he desired land for agriculture only, the section at the mouth of Tomica creek in the northern edge of Muskingum county, was selected as the most desirable for this purpose. ]\Ir. Backus wished a site for a town, and the second section or northwest quarter of range 6, townships, at the forks of the Muskingum, was selected as the best location which the district afForded. Buckingham and Matthews became interested in this section as tenants in common, and afterward laid out Tuscarawa, later, Coshocton, on an extended scale. The greater part of this section lies west of the Muskingum and Walhonding rivers.

The first section, or northeast quarter, lies wholly in this township. The patent for it was granted by President Adams, to Benjamin Morgan and Chandler Price, merchants of Philadelphia, as tenents in common, April 1-5, 1800. Two days later Morgan disposed of his moiety to Price for $1,000. October 25, 180O, Mr. Price sold John Matthews 180 acres, and in March, 1812, deeded Philip Waggoner 240 acres. The residue was retained and disposed of in tdu to William Hulings in 1824, and five years later he deeded it to E. Butler Price. In 1831, Mr. Price began to sell it in lots, and in a few years it was mostly sold. The section was surveyed into sixteen lots of nearly equal size.

Matthias Denman was the original projirietor the 4th .section of the southeast quarter of the township, though the date of his patent does not seem to be on record. He was a resident of Springfield, Essex county. New Jersey, owned the two other military sections in this county, and was also proprietor of a tract of land upon which Cincinnati is now built. He did not become a resident of Coshocton county, but his -children and grand-children settled here, and still occupy portions of their ancestor's possessions.

The first conveyance on record of the 3d section or southwest quarter of the township, most of which lies in Jackson township, is a deed from Martin Baum, of Hamilton county, to Jesse Fulton, for 455 acres, lying west of the Muskingum. A little later, November 5, 1802, the residue of the section was conveyed by Mr. Baum to Jacob Bowman.

The owners of these sections of land were disposed to withhold them from the market until, by the occupation of the surrounding country, their value would be considerably enhanced, and accordingly the settlement of this township was very slow. Mo4 of the earliest occupants were either squatters or lessees, who remained but a short time and left little or no trace of their settlement here. The few early permanent settlements that were formed, were made usually on location lots, the land received by the surveyors in return for their services in locating the sections for the proprietors. The location lots were usually sold as soon as a purchaser appeared for them.

One of the first settlements in the county, and probably the first permanent one in this township outside the limits of Coshocton, was made by the Fultons about one and one-half miles south of Coshocton, about 1803 or 1804. They were three brothers, Jesse, John and Samuel. Matthew Denman sold to John Fulton, November 13, 1801, 640 acres, a tract one mile square off the western part of his section, and soon after he settled upon it. Just west of this was the tract purchased by Jesse Fulton from Martin Baum. Part of it Mr. Fulton sold to his brother Samuel. The latter died in the township during or before the war of 1812. John died of cold plague in 1815. Jesse, who was known as Judge Fulton, remained in the township for a while and then removed to Linton township, where he operated the salt works on his place in connection with farming. He was an enterprising and prominent pioneer and a man of very decided character.

The Cantwells about the same time settled just north of the Fultons on the Denman section. They were lessees only but remained several years. They were Nathaniel, John, William, James and Jacob, and several sisters. William was the post boy, who was shot from his horse in 1825 just across the Tuscarawas county line, while carrying the mail. Some of the family moved west; the others died in this county.

John Mitchell, a Pennsylvanian, who had married a sister of the Fultons, settled on the north part of lot 8, Bowman section, about the time the Fultons came. He was one of the first associate judges of the county.

Benjamin Fry, who emigrated from Red Stone, Pennsylvania, in 1808, purchased land just south of Mitchell. His house occupied the site of Samuel Moore's present residence, and in it he kept for sale a small stock of goods. In 1810, he removed across the river and there operated a small distillery for a short time, then moved to Fry's Ford, in Bethlehem township.

The Fry farm, of 262 acres, belonging to the location lot of the Bowman section, was sold in 1810 to William Moore, then of Muskingum county. His sons, Charles and Elijah, both unmarried, ocoui>icd the place until 1814, when they returned to Muskingum county and a third son, John D. Moore, took possession of it. He was originally from near Pennington, New Jersey, and was a tailor by trade. In 1802 he went to Cincinnati, and for a few years worked at his trade successively in the then small villages of Cincinnati, Marietta, Chillicothe, Circleville and Zanesville, carrying his goose and bodkin with him from place to place. He then came to Coshocton, and, in 1810, married Mary M. Miller, daughter of George Miller, of Lafayette town,><hip. In 1812, he was working at his trade in Coshocton with Mr. Neif, and living at the northeast corner of Main and Fourth streets. He was deputy sherifl' for C. Van Kirk, his brother-in-law, the first sherifTof Coshocton county. He was also a corporal in Captiiin Johnson's company, and served a few months in the war. After his removal to the country in 1814, he engaged in farming and tailoring.

When the cold plague broke out with severity in 1815, he was one of the very few who had the courage to visit and minister to the wants of his sick and dying neighbors. Mr. Moore died in December, 1824. Of his five children, four died in infancy or youth. The remaining son, Samuel Moore, still has possession and resides at the old homestead.

John Noble, from Brownsville, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, about 1814, settled ujion the north part of lot 9, Bowman section. He died a few years later. About the same time John Ostler, also from Pennsylvania, leased in this vicinity. He lost several children by the ravages of cold jilague, and so<jn after purchased and removed to lot 10, of the Denman section.

Isaixc Masters was an early tenant on lot 7, Bowman section. He was from Brownsville, Pennsylvania; honest and straightforward in conduct, but coidd work better for the material interests of others than his own. He died in 1822. William Booklass and a Mr. Baird were other early tenants near by.

Workman and David Waggoner were among the early settlers. The latter, in 1822, moved from O.xford township to the tract which his father, Philip Waggoner, purchased ten years before from Mr. Price. He was born in 17'JC, and is at this writing one of the few remaining pioneers. In 1822, the land he moved upon was still a dense, unbroken wilderness, as was almost the entire northern part of the township. A few squatters had come, built rude, small cabins, and departed, but no permanent settlement had been made in this portion of the townshi]i. ,

A ferry was kept about two miles below town in an early day by John Noble, and afterward by Benjamin Fry. The road to Coshocton, east of the river, was much bettor than the one on the other side, and the ferry was ct)nsequently advantageous to the southern settlers. It was maintained only a few years.

For some time after the first settlement was made, there was no wheat flour to be had unless it came from a distance, and no corn meal except such as could be made in a hominy mortar. It was quite an event when the Fultons arrived, for they brought with them a small hand-mill, such as was common in the pioneer settlements of the West. Grinding frolics, after night, were common among the young folks, each one carrying home a few quarts of meal as the fruits of their labor. The first mill in the county was made with these millstones. The date of its erection is not known, but it was previous to 1811. The mill was situated on that part of the old Rickett's farm, now owned by Seth McClain. It stood in the hollow, just below, and close to, the road south of the fair grounds, and about thirty rods .south of Mr. McClain's stable. It was fed by Flint run and the water of a fine spring. The power consisted of a huge overshot wheel, exceeding twenty feet in diameter, which, however, turned exceedingly slow. Nothing but corn was ground in the mill, and very little of it. The mill was designed only to meet the wants of the immediate neighborhood in which it was located, and was operated only a few years. The sujijily of water power was insufficient to render it available to any extent, and it never rei)aid the cost of its erection.

The early settlers often went to Zanesville to mill in canoes. The only mill there for some time is said to have been a kind of floating mill, tied by a grape-vine to the river bank, and turned by the current of the stream. Such mills were common in early days, and did good service in those necessitous times. After a while Colonel Williams erected a horse mill in Coshocton, as mentioned elsewhere, the machinery of which, after doing good service here for a time, was removed to a new mill on Cantwell's run, across the river. These were the only two mills in Tuscarawas township, except those afterward built in Coshocton. It is said that the first wheat ground in the county was ground on a coflfeemill belonging to Mrs. Williams, and sifted through a piece of linen. The salt used by the early settlers was brought from Taylorsville on horseback, and was often $^8 per bushel, a cow being sometimes exchanged for a single bushel of salt. The dresses of the women were for the most part made of home-manufactured linsey, and the wearing apparel of the men was of the same, or of buckskin.

It would be a difficult matter to find another tract of equal extent with Tuscarawas township, in this portion of the State, that marks the site of so many and so varied scenes of Indian history. Many of these, unfortunately, have faded from the knowledge of men beyond recall. The earliest visitation of its territory by white men, of whom a record is preserved, was in the winter of 1751, when Christopher Gist, an agent of the Ohio company, remained a month in a village of the Wyandot's called in Hutchin's map, "Old Wyandot Town." It was situated on the Tuscarawas, several miles from the forks of that and the Walhonding rivers, in all probability at or near the site of Canal Lewisville. On Christmas day, 1761, Mr. Gist read the English service here, and delivered a discourse to the Indians, which was well received. The next day a woman, who had attempted to escape from captivity, and had been retaken, was put to death in a very cruel manner. Mr. Gist found here one Thomas Burney, a blacksmith, who had settled here. George Croghan, an English trader, afterward deputy Indian agent to Sir William Johnson, Andrew Montour, a half-breed, and other white men.

The place of General Bouquet's encampment was on the highland, about a mile north from the mouth of the Walhonding. Its location is generally supposed to have been at the foot of Johnson's, formerly Salliard's, hill. What were probably remains of the encampment, existed here as late as 1850. Four redoubtjs were built here opposite to the four angles of the camji. The ground in front of the camp, to the north, was cleared, a store-house for the provisions erected, and also one in which to receive the Indians. Three houses, with separate apartments for the captives, were built, and with the officers' messhouses, ovens, etc., this camp had the appearance of a little town.

Here 1,500 men were encamped from October 25, to November 18, 1764, and during the time 206 Indian captives were delivered to them. The ancestors of some of the present citizens of the county were among the prisoners restored. Among the rest, were six children, four brothers and two sisters, belonging to one family. They had been taken captive in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, together with a brother who was never restored, and a mother and an infant child who were killed. On their return to Fort Pitt, they were recognized by the bereaved father, who for seven years knew nothing of their fate. Among them was Ehoda Boyd, the youngest of the sisters,and fourteen years old at the time she was restored, the grand-mother of Smiley Harbaugh, who was a life-long resident of Coshocton. Some of the soldiers, too, who served in this campaign were delighted with the country, and afterward returned and settled here. Among them was the father of George Beaver, of Keene town.ship.

Connected with General Bouquet's expedition was an assistant engineer, Thomas Hutchins, who projected a map of the country passed over, and laid down upon it the most important Indian towns in this vicinity. Besides " Old Wyandot Town," there were in this township two others, "A Delaware Town," occupying the site of Coshocton, and " Bullets Town," situated some distance below Coshocton, and represented on the map as lying on both sides of the river. Its exact locality is not known, but it was probably in the vicinity of Lichtenau, two miles south of

Coshocton. This latter was a Moravian village. The town was laid oft' in the form of a cross, one street stretching along the bank of the river. It was in the vicinity of the larger mound, standing near the road, several miles south of Coshocton, and other remains of the Mound Builders. C. H. Mitchener, in his "Ohio Annals," gives the following account of an exextensive burial ground at this place :

"Zeisberger settled Lichlenau, in 177G, and he was attracted to the spot from the numerous evidences as an ancient race having been buried there, more civilized than the Indians of this day. The missionaries have left but meager details of what they there found, but enough to clearly })rove that the inhabitants understood the use of the ax, the making of pottery and division of areas of land into squares, etc. In a large graveyard, which covered many acres, human bones or skeletons were found, less in stature than the average Indian by a foot and a half. They were regularly buried in rows, heads west and feet east, as indicated by the enameled teeth in preservation, so that the disembodied spirits, on coming out of the graves, would first see the rising sun and make their proper devotional gestures to their great Spirit or God. From approximate measurement this graveyard is said to have contained ten acres, and has long since been plowed up and turned into corntields The race of beings buried there averaged four feet in height, judging from the size of the graves and layers of ashes. Estimating that twenty bodies could be buried in a square rod, this human sepulcher, if full, would have contained over 30,000 bodies, and the ordinary time required to till such a graveyard would not be less than 500 years, in a city the size of Coshocton of the present day, assuming that the generations average thirty-three years of life. One skeleton dug up from this graveyard is said to have measured five and one-half Icct, and the skull to have been perforated by a bullet. The body had been dismembered, and iron nails and a decayed piece of oak were found in the grave.

On the farm of a Mr Long, about fifteen miles southwest of St. Louis, was found, many years ago, an ancient burying ground, containing a vast number of small graves, indicating that the coimtry around had once been the seat of a great population of human beings, of less than ordinary size, similar in every respect to those found near Coshocton. But on opening the graves they found the skeletons deposited in stone coffins, while those at Coshocton bore evidence of having been buried in wooden coffins. . After opening many of the graves, all having in them skeletons of a pigmy race, they at length found one, as at Coshocton, denoting a fully developed, large sized man, except in length, the legs having been cut off at the knees, and placed along side the thigh bones. From this fact many scientific men conjectured that there must have been a custom among the inhabitants of separating the bones of the body before burial, and that accounted for the small size of the graves. The skeletons, however, were reduced to white chalky ashes, and therefore it was impossible to determine whether such a custom existed or not.

A custom is said to have existed among certain tribes of the Western Indians to keep their dead unburied until the flesh separated from the bones, and when the bones became clean and white, they were buried in small coffins. The Nanticoke Indians of Maryland, had a custom of exhuming their dead, after some months of burial, cutting off' from the bones all the flesh and burning it, then drying and wrapping the bones in clean cloths, and reburying them, and whenever the tribe removed to new hunting grounds, the bones of their dead were taken along. It is known that this tribe removed to Western Pennsylvania, and portions of them came to the Muskingum valley with the Shawanese. Zeisberger had two Nanticoke converts at Schoenbrunn, and one of whom (named Samuel Nanticoke) affirmed - as tradition goes - that this pigmy graveyard at Lichtenau, was their burying ground, and contained the bones of their ancestors, carried from one place to another for many generations, and found a final resting place in these valleys, when their posterity became too weak, from wastage of war to remove them elsewhere.

A short distance below Coshocton, says Dr. Hildreth in Silliman's journal, on one of those elevated, gravelly alluvians, .so common on the rivers of the west, has been recently discovered a very singular ancient burying ground. From what remains of wood still (1835) apparent in the earth around the bones, the bodies seem all to have been deposited in coffins; and what is still more curious, is the fact that the bodies buried here were generally not more than from three to four and a half feet in length. They are very numerous and must have been tenants of a considerable city, or their numbers could not have been so great. A large number of graves have been opened, the inmates of which are all of this pigmy race. No metallic articles or utensils have yet been found to throw any light on the period or nation to which they belonged. Similar burying grounds have been found in Tennessee and near St. Louis.

We learn orally from another source that this burying ground covered in 1830 about ten acres. The graves were arranged in regular rows, with

In one of them was a skeleton with pieces of oak boards and iron wrought nails. The corpse had evidently been dismembered before burial as the skull was found among the bones of the pelvis, and other bones were displaced. The skull itself was triangular in shape, much flattened at the sides and back, and in the posterior part having an orifice, eNddently made by some weapon of war, or bullet. In 1830 dwarf oaks of many years growth were over several of these graves." The graveyard has since been plowed over. Nothing was known of its origin by the early settlers. Below the graveyard is a beautiful mound.

That this burial ground belonged, in part, at least, to the Moravian mission at Lichtenau, is highly probable. It was so identified by a Moravian minister from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who visited Coshocton. His judgment in regard to the matter is entitled to some weight, as he is wholly familiar with the customs of the Moravians, and had in his possession some of the manuscript notes of this mission.

The Moravians do not bury in family groups, but according to age and sex. The old men are buried by themselves, the old women, young men, and young women, all in regular rows by themselves. The part of the graveyard e.xposed may have been the part where the children were buried, a fact which would explain the uniform shortness of the graves. The Moravians in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, still bury in this way.

The graveyard was just west of the railroad and south of the lane leading east from Samuel Moore's residence. The mound, previously alluded to, is about three-fourths of a mile south of this, and is the largest found in Coshocton county. It is of conical form, twenty-five or thirty feet in height, and about eighty feet in diameter at the base. It is covered by a few trees, and has never been excavated. B}- a recent change in the river road a portion of one side has been cut down. Close to this mound, in early days were two others of lesser dimensions, one probably ten feet high, the other still smaller ; both, however, have now disappeared from view under the oft repeated cultivation of their soil.

Another mound of considerable size, formerly stood in Coshocton, near the residence of Mrs. Hutchinson, corner of Fourth and Locust streets.

The Indians frequented the hunting grounds of the township in numbers up to the time of the breaking out of the war of 1812, and visited Coshocton as a trading post from miles around. Difliculties sometimes arose, but led to nothing more serious than an occasional fight. An Indian murder, however, occurred several miles from Coshocton, of which Mr. Calhoun gives the following occount :

At an early period in the history of Coshocton occurred the aggravated murder of the Indian, Phillips, by another Indian, called Johnson. The locality of this bloody deed was a few miles east of Coshocton, on the old Massillon road, on what has since been called Phillips' Hill. Such contradictory statements are given of the whole afliiir, that we dare not follow any of them, and shall content ourselves with enumerating some of the contradictions which arc current. According to some, the murder originated in an old grudge of Johnson's against Phillips; according to others, they were out hunting bear, on Rocky run, and, having killed one, quarreled about dividing i^. Phillips ran, pursued by Johnson, until he came to the hill, where he was overtaken and killed. According to another account, they were out cutting a bee tree, and, getting into a quarrel, Johnson killed Phillips. According to others, Johnson spent the night previous to this murder at Phillips' camp, to the east of the hill which now bears his name. In the morning they started to come to town together, and the deed was done on the way. By some it is said to have happened in the fall, by others in the dead of wnter; by some in 1807, by others in 1803. There can be no doubt that Phillips was murdered, and was buried somewhere in Coshocton ; but no two persons agree in the place. There is much diflerence of opinion, also as to the manner of his burial, some affirming that he was buried after the Indian mode, with tomahawk and scalping knife, and tobacco, others denying it altogether. It is also affirmed and denied that his wife walked three times round his grave, but the fourth time round, she stumbled and fell, and that she only lived three years after. Tlie murderer is also said to have wiped his bloody hands on a tree which stood near the place where Phillips fell, and though the deed was done on the 21st of December, and it wa.s exceedingly cold, yet the blood was not frozen on Christmas morning.

Tuscarawas is a mining as well as an agricultural township, there being at present several large exporting companies operating here, besides a large number of mines, which are worked chiefly for home consumption. A vein of coal very regular in thickness, from three feet eight inches to three feet ten inches, underlies nearly the whole township, and lias proved to be of excellent quality. In early pioneer times the method of jirocuring the coal was by stripping; that is, removing all overlying strata first. This was of course very laborious, and could be resorted to only when the coal was near the surface. As early as 1820, John Knoff was engaged in e.xtracting the coal in this way near Coshocton, and supplying the then exceedingly limited demand for this article.

The earliest mine of which any knowledge is had was in operation at " Hardscrabble " in 1833, on the land then belonging to Johnson, now to John G. Stewart. Amos Wilson was manager of it, but the amount of coal mined was not very considerable. Morris Burt, about 1835, opened a bank on the other side of the same hill, and worked it for a number of years. He constructed a wooden tram-way part way to Coshocton, and the coal was hauled tlie remaining distance by wagons. There were few of the families in Coshocton at that time who did not burn wood as fuel entirely, so that it required but little coal to supply the needs of the village. After the distillery was started in Coshocton, it consumed coal as fuel, and in supplpng it the amount of coal mined began to increase.

In 1856 Foght Burt opened a mine on his farm abouta mile southeast from Coshocton, and made a four feet ten inch railroad to connect with the Steubenville and Indiana railroad, making the junction a little south of the freight depot. The rails were of wood, topped with plate iron. At first horses were used to haul the cars; afterward a small locomotive - "Little Giant" - J.H.Burt being the engineer. A considerable amount of money was put into the enterprise, and much effort made by Mr. Burt and his sons, R. W. and T. H., but the project was a costly failure, owing, it is said, to the failure of the railroad company to meet expectations of iissistance in building the coal roiul and afterward in furnishing cars.

Mr. Shoemaker opened a mine on the Ricketts' farm, about one and a half miles northeast of Coshocton, and from it supplied the engines of the railroad with coal. About 18C8, or later, the

Miami Coal and Mining Company began operations on the same land, purchasing the lease from the Coshocton Coal Company. The comp.any was a foreign one, and J. H. Carman was the manager. After several years the lease was forfeited and the mine was re-leased in 1873, by E. Prosser and J. W. Cassingham, who formed the Pen Twyn Company. They operated the mine until the spring of 1879, when the supply of coal was exhausted and the mines abandoned.

Beech Hollow mine, now opperated by Prosser & Cassingham, was opened about 1862, by E. Prosser, one of the present ow-ners, and worked by him for several years. About 1868, through the efforts- of Colonel J. C. Campbell and Albert Christy, the Coshocton Coal Company was organized, with a capital of $125,000, mostly foreign. The interest and influence of A. H. Spangler was enlisted, and he became a holder of considerable stock. The company bought up the leases of the Beech Hollow mine, the Shoemaker mine, the mine afterward operated by the New York company, two miles south of Coshocton, and other mines. Colonel J. C. Campbell wa.s president of the company. The expenditures were heavy,and financially the company was a failure. It operated the Beech Hollow mine until the fall of 1876, when the lease was forfeited and the property came into the possession of its present owners. It is now called the Coshocton Mining Company. The mine is situated about one and one-half miles northeast of Coshocton, and is connected with the railroad by an iron tramway, which reaches the railroad near the water tank just outside the limits of the village corporation. From thirty-five to forty miners are here employed, and during the last three years 60,000 tons of coal has been mined. Jt is shipped principally to Newark, Mt. Vernon, Columbus, Piqua, Urbana and other intermediate points.

In 1870, the Home Coal Company was organized by Frank S. and John A. Barney, D. L. Triplet, S. H. Lee, Edward Prosser, Thomas Denmead, W. W. Card and George W. Ricketts, Mr. Prosser soon disposed of his interest to Mr. Ricketts, and in a few years Prosser, J. W. Cassingham and E. Thomas Dudley purchased the shares of the other six stockholders. Then after a time the property was transferred to George

W. Ricketts and Diivid Waggoner, who arc the present owners. This mine does the most extensive business in the township. About sixty miners are engaged. The mine is at " Hardscrabble," about one and one-half miles east of Coshocton, and is connected with the railroad by a tramway more than a mile in length.

The New York Coal and Coke Company commenced operations about twelve years ago, by purchasing from the Coshocton Coal Company some territory two miles south of Coshocton. Robert Youart, of Troy, Ohio, was the superintendent. In a few years the property was transferred to a company of Michigan men, and Colonel W. S. Wood placed in charge. The name was changed to the Union Coal and Mining Company. L. W. Robinson is the present superintendent. The yield of this mine has been about 1,000 tons per month.

Coal mining in this township has only fairly begun. There are thousands of acres of land underlaid with coal of richest quality that has not yet been touched. A considerable portion of this has been purchased by operators, who will gradually develope the almost inexhaustible store, as circumstances will permit. A principal impediment to the more vigorous prosecution of the work heretofore has been an inability to procure adequate means of transportation.

Canal Lewisville lies partly in Keene and partly in Tuscarawas township. The dividing line passes diagonally through the plat, leaving the larger portion of it, and almost entirely the occupied part, in Tuscarawas township. It lies in the beautiful Tuscarawas valley, a short distance north of the river. The Ohio canal passes through the village, and gave rise to its location and growth. It was laid out by the county surveyor, James Ravenscraft, July 2, 1832, Solomon Vail and Thomas B Lewis being the proprietors. Their expectations of its rapid development were genuine, if the size of the plat be any indication. It contained 220 lots, besides a number of outlots. The village of Newport had been founded about two years previous, a half mile to the west, in Keene township. The road to Millersburg, then a principal thoroughfare, passed through Newport northward, but shortly before Lewisville was laid out, the road was altered and made to pass through the site of the future Lewisville, and this fact more than anything else, induced the proprietors to lay the foundation for a town. It was designed from the first to be a shipping point for grain, and for,a number of years an immense business w;is done here in this line. Before the Cleveland and Mt. Vernon road was built through Holmes county, it was customary for the farmers as far north as Millersburg to haul their wheat to this place. The amount of grain transported from the three warehouses about 1847 was immensse.

The first grain dealer in the place was Arnold Medbery, of Roscoe, who erected a warehouse very soon after the town was laid out, at the southeast corner of Main and Pleasant streets. It is now operated by Henry W. Henderson. Mr. Medbery remained in possession of the building for a long time, but at length transferred the property to Samuel Lamberson, who, after operating here for many years, in 1872 disposed of the warehouse to Charles Burns. It was then operated by Burns & Hack until 1877, when it became the property of William Hanlon, and business was conducted by his sons under the name of Hanlon & Brothers. In 1880 the present owner came into possession of it. A large amount of grain is still bought here, but much less than formerly. From the first a general dry goods business has been carried on in connection with the warehouse.

Cotemporaneously with Mr. Medbery, Alexander Renfrew started in the merchandising and grain dealing business, erecting buildings for the purpose on the opposite side of Main street. The business was conducted by Renfrew & Wilson, and later by Finley Carnahan and John Best. It finally cciised to be profitable and was suspended. A few years ago the buildings were removed.

Jackson & Henry Hay followed the other two firms in a few years with a third warehouse. It, too, was situated on the north side of the canal, corner of Washington street. After a time it was sold to Mr. Williamson, but in a few years returned to the possession of the Hays. Business was finally suspended, and about 1869 the old

The lirst building in town was the north wing of the jjresent two-story frame, located on lot 100, now owned by Charles and John Graham, and occupied by the dry goods store of Charles Graham & Brothers. It was brought by T. B. Lewis, from Newport, re-erected and used first by him as a hotel. Then George T. Humrickhouse and William K. Johnson started a store in it. After the store had run its course, the building subserved its original purpose for a number of years. Addison Syphert and Robert Andrews successively keeping tavern here. After being used for dwellings some time, David Markley purchased and repaired it, and let it as a tenant house until, in January, 1881, it came into the possession of its present owners.

The frame building on lot 139, corner Main and Canal streets, was erected by Alexander Renfrew, as a hotel. After many years he sold it to John Richeson, Richeson to Mr. McClain, and from the widow McClain it was purchased by R. A. Wilman, who now keeps for sale in it a stock of family groceries.

The manufacturing interests of the village are, and always have been, exceedingly small. At present, there are two blacksmith .shops and one shoe shop. Formerly a rectifier was in operation, on lot 128, under the control of Thomas Love. Archie Johnson afterward operated it for awhile. The population of Canal Louisville, in 1880, was 252.

The present school building is a substantial. Commodious, two-story brick, with two rooms, erected in 1879. E. J. Stickle taught in the upper grade, during the first year, and Miss Wiggins in the lower. Byron Hinebaugh hiis been teacher during the year recently closed. TJie old school building was a brick, contjiining but one apartment.

Samuel Lamberson was an early postmaster. His successors have be been Martin Hack, Edward Hanton and Charles Graham, the present incumbent. Dr. Hall is remembered as being the first resident practicing pliysici.an. Dr. Chapman, and many others, have followed him, usually for a brief period. The bodily ills of the

The village contains two churches, a Methodist Ejiiscopal and a Baptist. \ society of the former persuasion was formed as early as 1835, with William Welch, of Keene, as class-leader. It contained few members, among whom were Gabriel Clark and Jlr. and Jlrs. John Stonehocker.

The meetings were held in the school-house and after a time the society disbanded. Then about 1860 the present society was organized by Rev, Gardner with ten or twelve members, among them David and Selina JIarkley, Minerva Markley, Mrs. Mehitable Collins, Maria Craig, Sarah Day and Margaret Craig. The early meetings were held in the village school-house until the present house of worship was erected about 1870. It was dedicated May 7, of the following year, by Rev. Jesse Warner. The building is a neat, frame structure, surrounded by a cupola containing the church bell, and cost about $2,.S00. It was built chiefly through tlie eflbrts of David Markley. The appointment is connected with the Keene charge and Rev. Dissette is the present pastor. The membership is now and always has been small. A flourishing Sunday-school is in operation under the superintendence of John Graham.

worships in a modest frame meeting-house which was converted to this purpose from a dwelling house about 1875. Prior to that date services had been held in the school-house. The first meeting lookmg to an organization was held September 29, 1864, attended by Abraham Randals, Sr., and family, Hannah Grey ajid Barbara Moreland, but it was not until 1806 that the organization was instituted as a Regular Baptist church with a membership of twenty. In that j'ear Elder W. S. Barnes was made pastor. Those who have since served in a ministerial capacity are L. L. Root, Samuel W. Frederick, and James K. Lincbaugh, who is the present Elder. The membership at one time increased to forty but has since been reduced and is reported to be twenty-two at present. X Sunday-school is held throughout tliR

A Methodist Protestant society worships at Moore's or Pleasant Valley school-house, district No. 1, about two and one-half miles south of Coshocton. It was organized at the old school-house in this district in 1845, by Rev. John Lamb, then ministering to a prosperous congregation at Coshocton. The original class was comjiosed of twenty-eight members, among whom were Samuel Moore and Susanna, his wife, his mother, Mary M. Moore, Richard Meek, James T. Morris and wife, Elijah West, William West and wife, Peter Moore, and John Peters and wife. The society enjoyed a vigorous and prosperous life, but its numbers are now very few. William Wells is the present pastor. Of its past ministers may be mentioned Joel Dolby, Zachariah Ragan, Rev. Wilson, Israel Thraj)p, Joseph Hamilton, Jeremiah Biddcson, William Baldwin, David Truman, John Baker, William Munhall, S. Robinson, William Ross and Rev. Avery. No attempt has been made to erect a church building, owing to the proximity of the society to Coshocton, and also to the church in Franklin township. A Sabbathschool was started about 1845, and kept in continuous operation until within a few years.

Chestnut Hill Regular Baptist church, located one and a half miles east of Coshocton, was organized in 1875, with about twenty members. Services were held regularly in the district school-house, but for some time now they have been suspended. They were visited by different ministers, and for a while regularly supplied with preaching by Rev. H. Clark. The establishment of the Baptist church at Coshocton has apparently obviated the necessity of this organization.