Twinsburg Township (part 24 of 38)
Part 24 of 38 of the account of this township in History of Summit County, Ohio, published 1881. 15,093 words, covering 2 settlements. The chapter predates the incorporation of Twinsburg Township and Twinsburg City, so it covers both. Source changes inside the text are labelled at the exact paragraph where the next book begins.
Parts
38 pagesThe source prints this as one continuous account. It is split here so no single page grows too heavy to load; the text runs straight on across the parts and nothing is omitted.
The chapter
15,093 wordsReproduced complete and unedited from History of Summit County, Ohio, published 1881. The text is machine-read from scans, so expect recognition errors: misspelled names, dropped words, and stray characters. Nothing has been corrected, because correcting a proper name invents one. The headings below are the books' own; source changes are labelled in place.
teacher of music in the public schools of Ak- | ron. Up to this time, no systematic attempt ' had been made to introduce music in the - Akron schools. A few lessons had been given work have removed this branch of study from the realm of uncertainty. It has demonstrated | that every child not deformed can be taught to | sing. The course, which begins with the ele- step by step over a twelve years' course to the , high school, where classical' music is sung. - The results which follow the systematic study and offer discipline of mind and culture of the | heart that can be obtained in-no other way. | In addition to Mr. Glover's continuous nine |! years' work in the Akron schools since 1872, | he has simultaneously taught six years in the | Wooster schools, seven years in Kent, seven | years in Ravenna, two years in Wadsworth | and one year in the Cuyahoga Falls public schools, and has at present over five thousand pupils under his immediate instruction. Since 1871, he has been associate teacher during the summer sessions of the Normal Music School, held successively at Akron, Zanesville, Wooster, Sandusky, Delaware, Warren, Youngstown and Shelby. Mr. Glover was chorister of the Congregational Church of Akron from 1872 to 1877, when he was called to a like position in the First M. E. Church, where he still remains. He has also been leader of the Choral Society of Akron for several years. He was married, Aug. 21, 1873, to Miss Kate Morledge, of Waynesburg, Ohio. Of this marriage there are two daughters - Mary M. and Nellie L. CHARLES R. GRANT, attorney at law, Akron; son of William T. and Esther (Treat) Grant ; was born Oct. 23, 1846, in Orange, New Haven Co., Conn., where he lived until the war of the rebellion broke out, when he enlisted in the 12th Conn. Y. L., under Gen. Butler, and held the position of dispatch bearer (which was oftentimes a very perilous one, as at times he was obliged to journey from 400 to 500 miles), on Gen. Butler's staff in the Department of the Gulf, and continued in that position on Gen. Banks' staff until October, 1863, when he was discharged. In April of the following year, he located at Cuyahoga Falls, where he engaged in farming until 1868, in the meantime employing his spare moments in study. In September of the same year, he entered the freshman class of the Western Reserve College, from which he graduated in 1872, as valedictorian of his class, which was composed of eighteen students. He then went to Denver, Colo., where he remained until the fall of 1873, recruiting his health. In October of that year, he returned to Ohio, and married Miss Frances J. Wadhams, of Boston Township, after which he entered the office of Judge Tibbals, of Akron, as student, and was admitted to the bar in September, 1874, at this place. His wife died Sept. 14, 1874. His health failing him, he again engaged in farming, until January, 1876, when he furmed a partnership with H. B. Foster, and began the practice of law at Hudson, continuing until Nov. 9, 1876, when he married Miss Lucy J. Alexander, of Akron, and at once located here, where he has since continued practice, under the firm name of Foster, Marvin & Grant. He has contributed several articles to the Central Law Journal, of St. Louis, and the Southern Law Review, which have attracted considerable attention from the legal magnates, some of his subjects being as follows, viz., " Statutory Liability of Guardians," " Constitutionality of Local Option Laws," and " A Monograph on the Monroe Doctrine." His second wife died on June 8, 1880, leaving one daughter. His father is a native of Virginia, of Scotch descent. His grandfather, William Grant, was shot by a Tory, on his return from the Revolutionary war. His mother was a descendant of Gov. Robert Treat, one of the early Colonial Governors of Connecticut. The father of our subject moved to Connecticut when a young man, and married, in about the year 1830. He was a shoemaker by trade. and an intelligent, well-read man, being a member of the Connecticut Legislature in 1844-45, and Justice of the Peace for twenty-five years. He was the father of three sons and four daughters, of which family our subject is the youngest son. One of the children is now deceased. Charles R. Grant is a very able attorney. and possesses rare intellectual endowments. EDWIN P. GREENE, lawyer, Akron, a son was born March 10, 1828, at Gaysville, Windsor Co., Vt. He lived in the village until about 15 years of age, receiving his education at common schools, and at Bradford Academy. Afterward, he commenced the study of law at Littleton, N. H., and, in 1852, came to Akron, where he finished his studies with Upson & Edgerton, and was admitted to the bar in Akron in September, 1853. In the fall of 1854, he was elected Clerk of the Court, which office he held for six years, when he resumed his practice of the lay. and has continued it ever since. BENJAMIN F. GOODRICH, President of rubber goods manufactory, Akron, is a native of Ripley, N. Y., and a son of Anson and Susan (Dinsmore) Goodrich, and was born Nov. 4, 1841. He was brought up on a farm until 12 years of age, when his parents died. About four years were spent in schools at Fredonia, N. Y., and <Austinburg, Ohio. In 1858, he commenced the study of medicine at Westfield, N. Y., and graduated at the Western Medical College at Cleveland in February, 1861. He went into the 9th N. Y. V. C. as Hospital Steward, and, the following spring, was made Assistant Surgeon, and assigned to the Battalion of U. S. Engineers, serving in that capacity until November, 1862, when he entered the University of Pennsylvania to attend a course of lectures, returning to his old post in the army in the spring of 1863, and serving until September, 1864; a short time in charge of a hospital at Aquia Creek. In 1865, he went to New York City and engaged in real estate business until 1870, when he came to Akron, and, in the following fall, built a factory and commenced the manufacture of rubber goods, and, in partnership with H. W. Tew, conducted the business until 1875. The first year, $60,000 worth of goods was manufactured, which was increased under his management to $300,000. The business was conducted until June, 1880, under the partnership of B. F. Goodrich & Co.. when a stock company was formed, with subject as President; A. Work, Vice President, and Geo. T. Perkins, Secretary and Treasurer. This was the first factory of the kind west of the Alleghany Mountains. It employs from eighty to a hundred hands in the busy season. Mr. G. is President (1880) of City Council. He was married. in 1869, to Miss Mary Marvin, a daughter of Judge R. P. Marvin, of Jamestown, N. Y. Three children are the fruit of this marriage.
HON. NATHANIEL W. GOODHUE, lawyer, Akron, is a native of Lincoln Co, Me.; was born Dec. 20. 1818. and is a son of James and Elizabeth (Perkins) Goodhue, also natives of Maine. They were married in Grafton Co., in 1867, in her 80th year. children ; five living - Julia, second daughter, is Mrs. Aaron Morrill, of Danville, Quebec ; James, a merchant at St. Cristopher ; (subject); Jacob P. died in 1852 on his way to California and is buried in the Pacific Ocean ; Joseph L. is merchant and manufacturer at Danville. and Elizabeth P. is teacher in Summit Co. The grandfather of subject, Stephen Goodhue, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and, but 17 years of age, was in the battle of Bunker Hill, where he was wounded; he was within a few feet of Gen. Warren when he fell in that battle. When subject was 3 years old, the family
Ohio, where subject employed himself teaching during winter and peddling in summer. Most of his education, except two terms at Danville, Canada, was obtained around the fireside. He commenced teaching at 18, and,in April, 1840, he came to Greensburg in this county, where he taught during_the summer, and in the winter in Greentown village (Lewis Miller, C. Aultman, Jacob Miller, Geo. Cook were pupils). Early in the summer of 1841, he became a clerk for Johnston & Irving, of Middlebury, Ohio ; afterward, Kent & Co. He taught the Middlebury school in the winter of 1845-46. In February, 1845, he began the study of law with Hand & Nash, and, in the winter of 1846-47, was Engrossing Clerk of the House of Representatives at Columbus, and was admitted to the bar at the September term of the Snpreme Court, at Akron, in 1847. In October, 1848, he was elected County Auditor, and re-elected in 1850, both times on the Whig ticket. On the expiration of his last term as Auditor, he opened a law office in Akrony where he has been in practice ever since. He was, by appointment of Gov. Chase, Canal Collector trom 1856 to 1858, and, from September, 1862, to September, 1866, was Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue, having entire charge in Summit County. In 1873, he was elected on the Republican ticket to the State Senate from the district composed of Summit and Portage Cos. He declined a renomination to the position. He was chosen Republican Elector for the Kighteenth Ohio District in 1880, and was President of the Electoral College of Ohio. His first vote was cust for Harrison in 1840, and has been Whig and Republican ever since. He was married, Dec. 20, 1841, to Miss Nancy Johnston, of Green Township, in this county. They have four children - James P., died at 8 months old in January, 1844; Allan J., manufacturer at Rochester, N. Y., and served three years in the 104th O. V. L; "Mary H., wife of Rev. Samuel Maxwell, Rector of St. Paul's Church of Youngstown, Ohio, and Nathaniel and one year ata private school. His father was a farmer and grain dealer, and took contracts to convey emigrants from Bavaria and Baden to Havre, a distance of 500 miles, in wagons ; in 1838, he came to the United States, arriving in New York on the 5th of May, where he took canal to Buffalo, and lake to Cleveland, Ohio, thence to Chicago, and from there to Cincinnati by stage, and on foot thence to St. Louis ; thence to New Orleans, where he had intended staying, but fearing yellow fever, went to Pittsburgh, remaining there and working in brewery until the next year, when he came to Canton, Ohio ;.he secured work with a wealthy farmer in the neighborhood of Canton, where he remained until December, when he became a clerk in the store of John Robinson, at Canal Fulton, the largest establishment outside of the cities. For eighteen months he continued in the store, and in May, 1842, came to Akron, where he obtained employment in the store of P. D. Hall, then the largest in the city ; he remained in this store about three years, and went into the grocery business. In 1845, he built the first brewery in Summit County, which he operated until 1855, and kept a grocery until 1865, with good success. In March, 1850, in company with about forty others, he went to California, under Capt. Howe, reaching Placerville in August ; he worked in the mines for awhile, but his health failing, he went into a grocery and provision store, and in December returned to Akron, via Panama. In 1865, he bought the oil refinery on Furnace street, which he enlarged until it had a capacity of 250 barrels per day. His son, Charles W., was his partner in this business, and, as 5 es Good & Co., conducted it successfully until 1872, when he retired from active life. He was married, April 16, 1844, to Miss Barbara C. Yost, of Stark, Co., Ohio ; four children living - Charles W., hardware merchant, of Cleveland ; Charlotte, wife of Edward Schweyer, of New York City ; George P., wholesale merchant, of Joplin, Mo.; J. Edward, student in Kenyon College. Mr. G. is a member of the English Luvueran Church, and is Republican in politics.
OMAR N. GARDNER, Akron, son of James and Elvira C. (Chamberlain) Gardner ; was born in Akron on Dec. 2, 1854; his parents were natives of New York State, and came here from Genesee Valley in about 1850 ; here his father the spring of 1873; his mother died in 1876. : He is the only son, and has one sister in Jamestown, Lottie S., now Mrs. R. P. Robertson. Until the age of 16 he attended the public schools ; in 1872-73, he was engaged as engineer on the Valley Railroad, and in the fall of 1873, he entered Buchtel College, remaining one year. In 1875, he entered the City Engineer's Office, as assistant, and remained nearly a year; from that time to 1878, he was engaged in engineering and surveying. In the spring of 1878, he was elected to the office of City Engineer, and has been re-elected every year since. In 1880, he got up a system of sewerage for the entire city, and superintended the sewering, grading, curbing and guttering of Carroll street. In September, 1877, he married Miss Ella J. Bush, of Jamestown, N. Y. THEODORE GORNER, Akron, senior member of the firm of Gorner & Planz, file manufacturers. He purchased the establishment of a the business one and a half years, when he sold |! to H. Pohle, he taking in Mr. Planz, and being unable to pay for the business, it reverted to | the former owner. He was born Dec. 15, 1845, © in Saxony, near Waldenberg, to Gotlieb and - Catharine (Magenhammer) Gorner, she a native | of Bavaria, the father a native of Saxony, a shoemaker by trade, and came to his son in this country about five years ago. The subject of this sketch learned the trade of file-cutting in 1859, at which he worked in Germany, Denmark, France and Austria, until bis departure for this country in 1867. After his arrival in cities and traveled throughout the Western country, returning in 1868, and began working for Mr. Harter, who had, in that year, started the works. He was married in 1873 to Elizabeth Miller, a native of Akron and daughter of Jacob and Christine Seidle. They have no children. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias.
ALDEN GAGE, deceased ; son of Elijah B. and Margaret (Hoffman) Gage, was born in Herkimer, Herkimer County, N. Y., July 27, 1836. The family moved to Norfolk, N. Y., where his mother died when he was but 4 years old, and he lived on a farm adjacent to Norfolk, attending a school taught by one K. P. Greene. When a young man, he entered the Academy at Potsdam, N. Y., to prepare for college, and spent two years in Amherst College, when his father died, after which he came to Akron in 1856, and secured the position of Deputy Clerk of the Court under Edwin P. Greene, whose pupil he had been in Norfolk.
Capt. Nash in the Provost Marshal's office at | Cleveland, Ohio, remaining in that position a : year, during which time, on Sept. 20, 1865. he | years. In July, 1870, at the opening of the bank of Akron, he became First Cashier and held that position until his death. November 12, 1875. at Santa Barbara, Cal.. where he hal gone to find relief from consumption. He was highly esteemed. public spirited and well informed. never sought office. died when but 8 months old.
H. G. GRIFFIN, groceries, notions, ete.. Mid- | dlebury, is a native of Ohio ; he was born on his | father's farm in Geauga County. Oct. 8.1840. his © parents. 8S. B. and Huldah (King) Griffin. were ©
He was well known and respected ; he was a member of the Baptist Church, and took an active interest in its affairs. Mrs. Griffin lives on the old homestead; our subject lived at two and a half years ; he was in the battles of | Shiloh, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga. Mission | Ridge and the other engagements of the Army | of the Cumberland to which he belonged. up to | the time of his discharge, by reason of ill |
Budlong & Stokes, of New York, the factory be ing located in Geauga Co., Ohio. He continued some three years; then started a creamery for L. J. Randall, being the first in this State ; about a year later, he went to Kentucky and managed a cheese factory in Woodford County for two years, when he moved to Painesville, Ohio, and, in company with L. F. Miller opened a grocery and crockery establishment, and about one and a half years later, he came to Middlebury, where he became connected with the grading of the Valley Railroad. In 1875, he engaged in the general merchandise business with George Viall & Co., and, in September, 1880, he began his present business. On Dec. 22, 1865, he married Miss Hattie Taylor, a native of Ohio. They have two children, viz.: Lizzie T. and Lucy H. He is a member of the School Board of Akron, a Republican in politics, and has taken an active interest in the party.
NOAH HODGE, lawyer, Akron, Ohio ; was born in Springfield, Ill., Feb. 6, 1842, to Richard and Catharine E. (Divelbiss), and lived there until 1868. His father started to California with his family in 1852, and died of cholera about seventy miles west of Ft. Kearney, where he is buried, near the Platte River. After the father's death, the family returned to Springfield, where the subject of these lines attended the Illinois State University, now St. Paul's College. From this he graduated in June, 1862, and the following month he enlisted in the 124th Ill. V. L., and fought in the Vicksburg campaign. In September, 1864, he was commissioned lst Lieutenant; he held the ' regimental position of Adjutant in the 52d U. S. Colored Regiment until his resignation in 1865, the war being over, immediately after which he became a tutor in the college from which he graduated, continuing one year, when he was made Professor of English and Latin, and Principal of the Preparatory Department, in which capacity he acted until 1868, when he received the degree of A.M. from the college ; and the same year became Superintendent of the public schools of Mt. Carmel. IIl.. continuing a year. In September, 1868, he married Miss D. L. O. Johnston, of Clinton, Miss., whom he had met while in the army. In June, 1869, he went to Clinton on a visit' and in the fall he removed with his family to Jackson, Miss. He was appointed by the military commander, Gen. Ames, Clerk of the Circuit Court of Hines County, Miss., and subsequently, by Gov. Alcorn, in November, 1871 ; he was re-elected to the same position, retaining it until 1876. He began the study of law in 1865. continuing it at intervals, and was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of Mississippi in January, 1875. His wife died Aug. 10, 1874, at Jack- son, Miss., of typhoid fever, and is buried there. She left a son, Edgar O., and a daughter, D. L. O. In February, 1876, he came to Columbus, Ohio, was examined by the Supreme Court, on the 2d, and admitted to the bar; in March following, he opened an office in Akron, and has since been in active practice here. May 16, 1876, he married Miss Sarah W. Ashmun, daughter of the late Dr. George P. Ashmun, of Akron; she bore him a daughter, Fanny A., who died in her third year.
MILTON W. HENRY, merchant, Akron, Ohio, is a son of William and Rachel (Frary) Henry, and was born Oct. 13, 1816, in Blanford, Hampden Co., Mass., where he lived on a farm until 13 years of age, engaged, as he says, in useful employment. In May, 1830, the family came to Westfield Township, Medina Co., by teams, and settled in the woods, where a home was carved out of the great wilderness. In the fall of 1835, subject entered McGregor Academy, at Wadsworth, remaining one year, and during the time aiding Roswell, H. B. Kent & Spelman in their store of mornings and evenings and of Saturdays. At the expiration of his year, he was employed by them at $100 per year. He remained with them until they sold out in the latter part of 1837, and was employed by the new firm, G. & J. Miller, until 1841. In the meantime, Mr. Spelman located in Akron, and with Mr. Clapp, opened a store under firm name of Clapp & Spelman. Anurgent letter from Mr. Spelman to subject brought him to Akron in October, 1841, and as a clerk he remained with them until the spring of 1843, when, having saved up $1,000, he bought a third interest in the store, Mr. Spelman owning the balance, and Clapp having retired. The firm was now H. B. Spelman & Co., and so continued until 1848, when Mr. Henry bought out Spelman, and subsequently sold an interest | to Jas. Zwisler, and firm name, M. W. Henry | & Co., lasted three years. Dec. 27, 1849, a fire destroyed a large portion of building and goods, | on which was asmallinsurance. At 10o'clock | he had rented another building, and with the few goods left began busi ss, continuing three | years, when the owner rebuilt on the present site and Mr. H. bought an interest in the building and entered it in 1854, and has remained in | it ever since. He remodeled it in 1857, and re- | size, and comprises the wall paper, shawl and underwear departments ; the third floor, carpets, oil cloths, matting, etc. The upper floors are utilized by the aid of an elevator; there are fourteen persons employed, three of whom are ladies. The cash principle was adopted in , 1876. Mr. H. has been a member of the City Council for a number of years, and « member of School Board for nine years. Heis astockholder and director in Taplin, Rice & Cos'. foundry, and in Austin Powder Co., of Cleve- : land. In 1863, he became one of the original | stockholders of the First National Bank of | Akron, and has since been its Vice President and Director. He was married Dec. 5, 1843, to Miss Abigail Weeks, a daughter of Moody Weeks, of Copley Township. Of this marriage there are six daughters and one son, viz.: Olive C., Ella C., Julia A., Hattie A., Charles M., Grace P. and Mattie W., all of whom are living. PHILANDER D. HALL, prominent and oldest merchant of the city of Akron, Ohio, represents the seventh generation of the Hall family, who came from Lancashire, England, with the New Haven colony in 1639. They soon afterward took possession of a grant of land given them by Charles I, extending from Long Island Sound northerly, twelve miles -long and threefourths of a mile wide, and near the city of Bridgeport, Conn., a part of which city it now includes, and where the subject of this sketch was born Oct. 10, 1808. He was educated at Weston Academy, where his family teld a free scholarship, the academy being endowed by land given to it by his family. At the age of 20, he left the school at Weston, and taught in the academy at Saugatuck, Conn., afterward entering a dry goods store at that place, where he remained - one and one-half years. Returning to Bridge- | port, he engaged in the grocery shipping business, and importing West India products. In July, 1834, he made his first visit to Akron, and in May, 1835, opened his goods in his pres- | ent location, then called Cascade Store; he rented of Dr. Crosby, the assignee of Howard, Iredell & Fenn, who had recently failed ; the crash of 1837 destroyed the credit of all the merchants, fourteen in number, except his own, J. D. Commins and Kent's. Feb. 17, 1851, his store building was destroyed by fire, and the present building was rebuilt and occupied in December of the same year. From 1835 to 1857, Mr. Hall gave his entire attention to the business, removing in the fall of 1857 to New York City, where, as buyer for Hall Bros., he still resides; 1858, Mr. Hall spent most of the year in traveling in Europe, visiting the principal countries on the
Ohio, June 21, 1840. His father was a native of Litchfield Co., Conn., and his motber of Trumbull Co., Ohio. She was a daughter of Judge Calvin Pease, and married first G. W.
| (Miller) Hawxhurst; was born in Elyria, Lorain Co., Ohio, June 19, 1844, He was 14 when his father died. Shortly after, in 4860, he entered Baldwin Univer-'ty, at Berea, where he studied two years, and was then employed by the Western Union Telegraph Co. about two years as operator at the stations at Elyria and Youngstown. March 20, 1864, he enlisted in the 65th O. V. I as private soldier. In the summer of the same year, he was detached as clerk for the Assistant Inspector General of the District of Etowah, and located at Chattanooga, Tenn., for Capt. Mills and his successor, Capt. George M. Brayton, until June, 1865, when he was ordered to his regiment, then in Nashville, and again detailed as clerk to the Assistant (James I. Wilson) Commissary of Musters for the Second Division of the Fourth Army Corps, and served in that position until March 4, 1866, when he was discharged at In- commercial school at Oberlin for some time. He again entered Baldwin University in the In 1868, he became book-keeper for Charles W. Stearns & Co., of Cleveland, and continued until 1870, when he entered the insurance office insurance office at Lebanon, Ohio, which he In November, 1871, he was given the Ohio and Indiana State agency for the Watertown Fire Insurance Co., and con-
In 1875, he was employed for a year as rating agent at Cincinnati, Ohio, by the National Board of Fire Underwriters, and served also another year as rating agent throughout the Western States. agent in Ohio, Indiana and Michigan for the and joined the Army of the Potomac after the seven days' fighting before Richmond, and remained with it until the battle of Chancellorsville, March 3, 1863, where he was wounded by a musket-ball, which shattered his elbow-joint. He was disabled eighteen months, and in Washington Hospital about eight months, when, in February, 1864, he was discharged. He draws a pension. He came to Akron soon after, and began work as a molder for Aultman, Miller & Co., in March following. He worked as a journeyman until Feb. 21, 1880, when he was made foreman in the molding department, which, when full, employs 110 men, and melts about twenty-eight tons of iron per day. He was married Aug. 10, 1865, to Miss Cora Dunbar, of Canton, Ohio ; they have one son. JOHN W. HOLLOWAY, master of machinery on C., Mt. V.& C. R. R., Akron, a son of Joseph T. and Susan (Hawk) Holloway, came to Akron and entered the machine shops of G. D. Bates & Co., serving with them two years. He went to Cumberland, Md., and took a place in the shops for a time, and dur- land to the mines. He next became an engineer on a steamboat on the Ohio River, plying between Shawneetown, IIl., and Paducah, Ky., and was so employed for about one year.
ever since. In November, 1854, he was married to Miss Caroline E. Tifft, of Cuyahoga Falls. Of this marriage there are five children. (subject's) father was a native of New Jersey, and came to Stark Co., Ohio, about 1820,
Cuyahoga Falls, and resided there until his death in 1878. He was a cabinet-maker, and in later years was an insurance agent, Justice of the Peace, etc.; served also as Coronor of the county.
Manchester, Franklin Township, with other of his relatives. His birth occurred near the place of his burial Jan. 22, 1839. His education was obtained in the district schools, with the additional advantages of the seminary at Greensburg, Summit ©o., Ohio. He was the oldest son of Jacob and Barbara (Daily) Hollinger, she a daughter of Jacob Daily, one of the old pioneers of Franklin Township. The father of our subject was a twin brother to Michael Hollinger, who has resided in Franklin Township the longest of any person now living. Our subject connected himself with the Evangelical Association and began preaching in his 23d year, first serving at North Lima, Ohio, for one year ; then at New Salem, Penn., one year ; near New Hamburg, Mercer Co., Ohio, one year ; thence back to North Lima, where he served two years; thence to Osnaburg, Stark Co., Ohio, where he served two years, subsequently returning to the State of Pennsylvania, where he filled the pulpit at Fulton Street Mission, Pittsburgh. While there, he was elected as Presiding Elder of Franklin District by the Church Conference then in session. While serving in this office, his lamentable death occurred as stated above. The supposition is that his fatal sickness was caused by overwork, as the ministers of that church are required to go through a four years' course of study before becoming regular members of Conference, their examinations occurring every year, the successful termination of their second examination being the occasion of their ordination as Deacons, and the fourth entitling them to the highest honors of the church, that of Elders, receiving license in full. The spring following the death of her husband, Mrs. Hollinger moved to the city of Akron, where she now resides. He was married, Dec. 13, 1858, to Mary HK. Leuszler, born May 5, 1836, of Holland Dutch extraction, to John and (Long) Leuszler, he of Hesse-Darmstactt. Germany. Came early with his parents from the land of his nativity and settled in Doylestown, Penn., and, it 1853, settled near Wadsworth, Medina Co.' Their children are Anna M., born Aug. 23, 1859, teacher at No. 7, south building public school; Harvey M., Aug. 28, 1861, engaged in the Buckeye works; Clara E., May 7, 1863; Royal E., April 10, 1866. LEVI 8. HERROLD, ex-Mayor, 958 South Main street, Akron; was born on the 17th day of November, 1820. Is a son of Col. John George, the son of Frederick Herrold, who came from Germany to that part of Northumberland Co., Penn., now known as Snyder County, deriving its name from a distinguished gentleman of that name. The Herrolds were the first settlers in a township of the abovenamed county, where they took up several hundred acres of land and have always resided. The family having grown numerous, occupy the principal part of one or two townships in | that section of country. His mother was Mary © Steese, daughter of Frederick Steese, a very .
prominent man and mill-owner in Union and other counties in Pennsylvania. The subject of this sketch, on account of the indigent circumstances of his parents, was compelled to labor in various employments to support himself and secure the meager educational life of about ten years in general merchandising. Immediately after marriage, his official career began by being elected for a term of five years as Justice of the Peace in Snyder County, at the expiration of which he was re-elected for a second term, but after having served two years,
Mayor of the city of Akron; after having filled successfully the last-named office until the expiration of his term, he retired to a quiet life and the superintendency of his farm in Springfield Township. He was married Aug. 2, 1842, to Lydia Motz, daughter of John and Barbara (Moyer) Motz, who were Union County people. They had eight children - four sons and four daughters - Mary M., born Sept. 9, 1843; George I., April 26, 1845; Alfred, Jan. 21, 1847 ; John 8., Sept. 6, 1850; Henry S., Dec.
12, 1853 ; Ada B., April 24, 1856; Martha A., Aug. 4, 1858; Ida, Oct. 3, 1865. Mary M. married Capt. H. Harrison in the fall of 1863, and died Oct. 18, 1867, of hemorrhage of the lungs, in the depot at Cleveland, on her return home with her husband, having gone there for medical aid. She left one child, Mary Ida, born Aug. 23, 1865. George died Feb. 26, i859 ; Alfred, April 9, 1847; Henry, Dec. 20, 1853 ; Ada B., Feb. 9, 1859 ; Ida, May 9, 1867. John was married to Mary Cook, daughter of Louis Cook, of Akron; she dying in the spring of 1875, leaving one child, Lilly May, born Sept. 26, 1872. Both grandchildren are living with the subject of this sketch.
J. H. HOWER, of Hower & Co., manufacturers of oat meal, Akron, is a native of Stark Co., Ohio, and was born Feb. 22, 1822. His father, Jesse Hower, was a native of Center Co., Penn., and came to Ohio with his parents about the year 1815. His father, Jacob Hower, was a native of Pennsylvania, and a shoemaker by trade. He moved to Stark County, where he settled and improved a farm. Jesse moved to Clinton about the year 1823, and bought a farm of his father, upon which he built a saw-mill, but died soon after completing same. Mrs. Hower then moved to her folks', near New Berlin, where she lived some five or six years, when she married Mr. John Snyder, and located near Doylestown, where she died about the year 1855 or 1856. J. H. (the subject) lived at home until he was 30 years old, receiving a common-school education, working on the farm and teaching school during the winters from the time he was 18 years of age. <Atthe age of 28, he bought an interest in a general store at Doylestown (firm Graham & Hower), and continued for five years, when he sold out and bought a pottery, which he operated for two years, and then sold out and organized the Excelsior Reaper and Mower Works of Doylestown, now conducted by Seiberling, Miller & Co. Mr. H. was connected with the works until 1875, though he came to Akron in 1866, and was one of the organizers of the Excelsior Reaper Works, as above, of which he was Vice President, and continued for some ten years. In 1879, he bought an interest in the Turner Mills of Akron, and, in 1881, his sons, Harvey Y. and M. Otis, bought out the interest of Mr. Turner, and formed the present firm of Hower & Co. He was married in 1852, to Miss Susan
Youngker, daughter of J. Youngker, of Doylestown. By this marriage there have been three children - Harvey Y., M. Otis and Charles H. Mr. H. and his wife are members of the English Lutheran Church, in which he has always taken an active interest, being one of its organizers, and a Trustee since. He was originally a Democrat, but a Republican since the organization of that party.
JACOB D. HOLLINGER, druggist, Akron, junior member of the wholesale and retail drug firm of Warner & Hollinger ; was born in 1844, and is a native of Summit Co. His people were among the early pioneers of Franklin Township. The early life of J. D. was spent on a farm. He was educated at the Evangelical College of Greensburg, and is a graduate of the Pittsburgh Commercial College. This latter attainment led to his accepting the situation of book-keeper for Mr. George Weimer, who, for many years, was one of the leading druggists of Akron. During Mr. Hollinger's connection with the firm as book-keeper, Mr. Warner was employed as prescription clerk. Though both young men, they now compose a firm that ranks among the leading druggists of the city. Their house was established in 1852, and the dimensions of their present house, No. 213 and 215 East Market street, is 33 feet frontage by 80 feet in depth, two floors and double basement cellar. Politically, Mr. Hollinger has taken no active part, he choosing rather to devote his time and energies to the building up of a good business. He is a member of Akron Lodge, No. 547, I. O. O. F. During the war of the rebellion, he served as a volunteer in Co. G,. 19th O. V. I., three months' service, and also in the 104th O. V. I., three years' service.
whom are still living, and, at that early day in the settlement of Summit Co., but little opportunity was afforded him for getting an education. At the age of 19, he began learning the trade of a millwright with one John Gilcrist, with whom he served an apprenticeship of two mills. He followed "jour" work for about eight years, and since that time he has been contracting and building mills in Ohio and adjoining States. In 1847, he bought the old homestead farm, which was the home of his family until 1865, when he removed to Akron. In 1877, when the co-operative store was organized, he became interested in it; and, in 1880.
but one son and two daughters are living. : George, the son, has a decided talent for music. | and, at present. he is connected with the schools |
D. W. HOLLOWAY, merchant. Akron ; is a native of Center Co., Penn., and is the son of Daniel C. and Sarah M. (Speaker) Holloway, beth | of whom lie buried at Aaronsburg, Penn., the | former home of the subject of this sketch, and |
_ age of 14 years (he is now 24), and principally dependent upon his own resources. he has suc- | ceeded not only in establishing himself in a good | business, but has, by carefully associating with | that class of people who are possessed of a self- | respect, built for himself a worthy name and | in | | dren born to Lucius W. and Eleanor (Wolcott) | reputation. His mercantile life began Aaronsburg when he was 14 years old, and, though a part of his boyhood days were spent on a farm, he soon became partial to the life of a merchant, and how great his talent in that direction lay is evidenced by his present position Nov. 1, 1879, he and Mr. Harriway, under the firm name of Harrison & Holloway ; their place of business is located on the
' corner of Main and Exchange streets, South ' Akron; it is a large storeroom, 27 feet front- , age by 78 feet in depth, stocked with every- |
P. Holloway, and, the better to enable him to | do business successfully and accurately, he at- 'tended the night school of the Commercial | College of Akron, from which he graduated ; | he now keeps the firm's books, and, though still | @ young man, he stands upon an equal footing ' with many of his competitors who are double , his age. i H. HARRISON, merchant, Akron ; senior | member of the dry goods firm of Harrison & | Holloway ; has been a resident of Summit Co. since 1865; he is a man now 42 years of age, and a native of Snyder (formerly Union) Co., Penn. His boyhood was spent on a farm, and 'the most of his early life in his native State. | Sept. 16, 1861, he entered the Federal army, and gave his services to his country to aid in the suppression of the war of the rebellion ; he was made Captain of Co. F, of the 172d Penn. V. M., and remained in the service until Aug. 1, 1862. _for about one and a half years he was in the employ of E. P. Holloway; subsequently he engaged in milling ; he and ex-Mayor Herrold, under the firm name of Herrold & Harrison, were proprietors of the South Akron Mills. For about one year he resided in the country and was interested in farming ; again he became a resident of Akron, and, after having spent some time as aclerk for Mr. E. P. Holloway, he and W. H. Holloway bought the es- | tablishment on Nov. 1, 1879. He is a member
DR. ELIZUR HITCHCOCK, physician, Akron ; is a native of Summit County. He was born on his father's farm in Tallmadge, Aug. 15, 1832, and is the fourth of seven chil- and raised his family. wife, and left the farm, coming to Akron, where he now resides. home until the spring of 1850, working on the farm and gaining such education as the schools of the neighborhood afforded. At 18, he entered the Western Reserve College at Hudson, where he studied two years, and then entered the Junior Class in Yale College, graduating there in 1854. During the next four years, he taught select schools in Tallmadge and Gustavus, dividing the time between them. In 1857, he began reading medicine with Dr. Dudley Allen, at Kinsman, Ohio, and in 1860, graduated at the Medical Department of the Western Reserve College, at Cleveland, having taken a course previously at Ann Arbor, Mich. He began his practice at Mecca, but in the following spring located at Orwell, where he remained two years. He then went into the army as Surgeon of the 7th O. V. L., and resigned after serving about six months. In the fall of 1863, he located in West Williamsfield, Ohio, where he remained until 1869, when he sold out his business and attended the Bellevue Hospital. since practiced his profession here. He is a member and President of the Summit County Medical Society, and also a member of the Union Medical Association of Northeastern Ohio. On Nov. 24, 1861, he married Miss Hattie Reed, a native of Mecca, Trumbull Co.,
This was about 1870, since which time he has been constantly engaged in the insurance business, adding to his agency various companies until now the combined assets of the companies which he represents reaches the immense sum of $100,000,000. His list of companies includes some of the oldest and most reliable in this and the old countries. In 1876, he took the field as an adjuster, and has served with distinguished ability in this department since. For the past three years, Mr. Hitchcock has served as a special agent and adjuster for the Meridian, Fanieul Hall and Fairfield Companies, and is now acting in the same capacity for the Niagara of New York. He married Miss Elizabeth C. Upson. a native of Summit Co.. Ohio. By this marriage there have been two children - one. Eva, living.
JOSEPH HUGILL, contractor and builder in stone and brick, Akron ; was born in Yorkshire, Kngland, September 1, 1834. His father, Joseph was apprenticed atthe age of 14 to the
| years. after Which he contracted stone work on the Buffalo & Lake Huron R. R. He went to » on his father's farm in this county, July 18, | 1841, and lived there until he was 16 years of - pany of New York, as solicitor. During the year he was engaged with this company, he took $360,000 worth of risks. At the expiration of this time. he engaged with the Enterprise Fire Insurance Co. of Cincinnati, Ohio.
California céa New York and Panama during the Frazer River excitement in 1858. He went to E] Dorado Co., and worked at his trace in Placerville one year; the next year, he followed mining, and, in 1860, imbued with the excitement which then prevailed, he went to Nevada, working at his trade in Carson City, where he built the county buildings. He next went to Virginia City, w here he did the stone work on the Gould & Carry Quartz Mills. He returaed to Cleveland in 1864 c'a Panama and New York. and thence to Canada, where, on September 28 of the same year, he married Sarah Wells. at Hamilton. She was a native of South Dumfries, Brant Co., Canada. In the spring of 1866, where he has since conducted the business of contractor and builder in stone and brick.
3 Vermont; he was born in Windsor County, ; John F. Greer, under style of Akron Malleable June 7, 1804. His father, Robert Huse, was a Iron works, which is spoken of elsewhere in shoemaker by trade, but followed farming; he ; the pioneers. Our subject was born and raised on the farm. At the age of 22 he was apprenticed to the cabinet trade, and on Sept. 6, 1829, he married Miss Louisa W. Austin, a native of Vermont. The following year they moved to Cayuga County, New York, where took the water route to Ohio and settled in Middlebury. where he worked at his trade until 1844; he then worked in a woolen machinery manufactory until 1872, since which time he has done general business pertaining to his trade. dren, of whom but one lives, viz., Charles W., of Akron, Ohio.
| Ward of Akron), is a native of Pittsburgh, Penn.; was born Aug. 4, 1838; his father, Richard | Hope, was a contractor and builder, in which | capacity he is well known in Pittsburgh, where | he built many of the leading buildings of that city. William F. (subject) lived in his native ' | city until September, 1880, receiving his education in the city schools, and also a course at Jefferson College. engaged as a book-keeper with Holmes & Co., this Work. He was married in February, 1864, to Miss Lizzie E. Greer, a native of Pittsburgh. They have three children, viz.: Mary E., Annie W. and Nellie M.
A. M. HEATHMAN, groceries, provisions. | tlour and feed, 432 Centre street, Akron, is a na- - tive of Coventry Township, Summit Co., and - ' was born July 28, 1832; is the eldest of seven | also at carpenter's trade ; also worked on Ohio Canal. Mrs. Heathman died at the residence of her daughter, in Copley Township. in the summer of 1880. <A. M. (subject) lived at home until twenty years of age, brought up on who were old residents of the place. In 1872, he engaged in the grocery business, the firm, Breniger & Heathman, continuing seven years; he then sold out and engaged in his present place. Five children have been born to him, four of whom are living, viz.: Melintha, George, Etha and Alexander - Ida, deceased.
after which he became book-keeper in the | _ Second National Bank of Pittsburgh, remaining | two years, and then went into the Auditor's | , Department of the Allegheny Valley R.R.,and | til 1849, when the firm of Hill, Foster & Co., for gus Co. at the age of 77 years; shedied at the age of 79 years. David K. (the subject) lived at home eighteen years ; his brother was a cabinet-maker, and he learned the same trade with him. His education was received at the district schools. In 1843, he came to Middlebury, Akron, and worked for his uncle, Reuben Mc- Millan, manufacturer of woolen machinery, un- the manufacture of stoneware, was formed. They occupied the old " Black Mills," and continued in business until about 1851, when Mr. McMillan sold his interest to Hill & Foster. Mr. Hill was identified with the business until 1855, and retired for one year, at the end of which time he came back, and the firm became Hill & Powers, and later, Hill & Adams, which continued until 1868, when it was merged into a stock company, known as the "Hill & Adams Sewer Pipe Co.," Mr. Hill being President. He retired from the business in 1871. The old firm of Hill, Merrill & Co. made the first machine for woolen goods - known as the "Middlebury Woolen Mills." The business finally passed into the hands of Mr. Hill and John Townsend, and in the spring of 1873, the machinery was sold, the building was fitted for the manufacture of sewer pipe, and the Hill Sewer Pipe Co.
with Drs. Jewett and Wright, conducted a water-cure establishment for a number of years in Middlebury ; he then engaged in the nursery business, which he followed many years. He died July 27, 1878. Dec. 29, 1831, he married Miss Lucy A. Smith, a native of Groton, Conn. Of their eleven children, but five are living, viz.: Henry and Lewis C., both married and live in Akron; Addie, now Mrs. I L. Bevis, of St. Louis, Mo.; Augusta, now Mrs. B. M. Allison, of Middlebury ; and Jennie, now Mrs. Jacob Replogle, of Middlebury. Mrs. Hine is living on the old homestead.
of a family noted for its longevity ; his father reached the age of 89; his father's mother reached 95; a great-aunt reached 115, and his great-grandmother the age of 97. Dr. Howard's parents, David and Cynthia (Crossman) Howard,
' their available male force to the Revolutionary was formed and incorporated, with Mr. Hill as © President ; his son, George R., being Secretary . and Treasurer, with James Viall as Superin- .
DENNIS A. HINE, deceased ; was born in ! Milford, Conn., in the year 1808. His parents , moved West and settled in Tallmadge Town- | ship, Summit Co., Ohio, at an early day. Our | subject lived on the farm until 1829, when he | came to Middlebury, and engaged as clerk in a | general merchandise business of John Mc- ; Millan's, and some years later, in company with | Mr. M. L. Sherman, he engaged in the general - merchandise business in Middlebury, they con- | tinuing a number of years, after which he | clerked in Middlebury and at Tallmadge, and | later conducted a butchering business in Mid- | dlebury, and next engaged in the fishing busi- | war ; his grandfather David, with his brothers James, Solomon, Joseph and Elias, went as soldiers, the latter being killed in the service | of his country. Dr. Howard, the seventh child of a family of ten children, was born April 14, 1816 ; his youth was spent upon the farm, ac- | quiring the rudiments of an education in the schools of the neighborhood, and more liberal advantages ina course at the Chester Academy. At the age of 19, he made a visit to the West, calling on his cousin, Prof. R. L. Howard, a physician in Elyria; was by him persuaded to study medicine, and accordingly began reading with him ; this was in 1835. He subsequently attended lectures at Pittsfield, Mass., going later to Windsor Co., Vt., to read with L. G. Whiting, with whom he read for two years. In 1838, he | graduated at the Berkshire Medical College, at - Pittsfield, Mass., when he formed a partnership | with Prof. R. L. Howard, in Elyria, Ohio. Ue | practiced at Elyria only a year when he came to Akron, where he has remained in the practice of | his profession up to the present. During the late war, he was sent by Gov. Tod to assist in caring for the wounded after the battle of Antie- | tam. He was assigned to the hospital at | Frederick City, Md., where he served about a month. In the following winter, the Governor again sent him to assist in caring for the troops, this time spending several months in hospital work at Nashville, Tenn. Dr. Howard has been a member of the Summit County Medical Society since its organization, of which he has also been President. He is also a member of the Union Medical Association of Northeastern Ohio, which he has served two terms as President; of the Ohio State Medical Association, and of the American Medical Association. In 1876. lie was a delegate to the International Medical Congress, held at Philadelphia. June 16, 1840, he married Miss Elizabeth Chittenden, a daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Sprague) Chittenden, who were natives of Connecticut. anc pioneers in Springfield Township. There are two children - Henry C.. for the past seven years
B. C. HERRICK. of Herrick & Cannon. wholesale and retail china. crockery and glass goods, Akron ; is a native of Twinsburg Townchildren. born to J. E. and Philo (Clark) Herrick ; his parents were natives of New England: the same business there for three years. In 1840. his father's family came to Summit Co. and settled on a farm in Portage Townsliip which the boys bought. the parents living with native of Connecticut; she came there with her parents in 1826. The older members of the family. including herself. walked a greater part of the way. while an ox team transported the household effects. After marriage they settled on a piece of land. cleared it. and are
75. In 1878. they celebrated their golden wedding. B. C. Herrick was born Oct. 25. 1829. and lived at home on the farm until 25 years of age, gaining the foundation of his education at the district schools. and later graduated at the Twinsburg Institute; at the age of 18 he began teaching winter school, continuing through ten seasons. In 1854, he went to Newbury, Geauga Co., Ohio, and, with his brother Earle, bought the business of E. Stone, Esq.. and continued dealing in general merchandise. butter and cheese. for some two years. under the firm name of Herrick & Bros. He then sold his interest and bought a farm in Twinsburg, where he resided until 1867, traveling. however in the meanwhile, as a commercial traveler for four years. At this time he came house) between Bedford and Twinsburg: he afterward came to Akron. where he conducted a cooper shop for two years: he then kept grocery until 1850, when he sold out to James Gardner, his partner: he then became one of a party of about one hundred and fifty going to California; he went to Pittsburgh and chartered a steamboat for the party, they embarking at Wellsville ; they went direct to St. Joseph and thence overland to California. being three months on the way. Our subject en- stay in the land of gold. returned home by way Soon after his return, he and his brother Charles (the firm D. & C. Hanscom) engaged in the grocery business. and, some five or six years later. built on the northeast corner of Howard and Market streets. also taking their brother George in as a partner. under the firm name of Hanscom Brothers ; they continued until about 1862. when they sold out, and, about a year later. engaged in the business again and continued about three years. when he again sold out ; one year later. one of his rooms hecoming vacant, he put in a
COL. JOHN C. HART, deceased, was born in Cornwall. Litchfield Co., Conn., April 17, 1798. In 1802; his father, Rufus Hart, moved to Genesee Co., N. Y., where he lived until 1815, when he moved to Ohio. In the war of 1812, his father was a Lieutenant in a company commanded by Capt. Mallison, and was in the battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane and the burning of Buffalo. Between the age of 14 and 15, John C. enlisted in a company of cavalry at Rocnester, N. Y., under Capt. Stone, and was with his father at Newark, Fort George He was at Black Rock as a bearer of dispatches when the British attacked Fort Erie in 1814. After the war, he and his father returned to Genesee Co.. and, in 1815, they removed to Ohio, and settled at Middlebury, now the Sixth Ward of Akron. At the age of 21, John C. started south, going on foot to Steubenville, thence by raft down the Ohio. His raft lodging, he went on foot to
| Cincinnati, thence by canoe or skiff to Snaw- _ neetown. III.. thence on foot to St. Louis. where. | for a time. he worked in a mill, and. later. made ' bricks at Milton.
*Dover. where she married John Sterling. a merchant of that place. He was born June 16. 1818. and died Dec. 14. 1854. By this marriage there were two children - John S§.. of Cleveland. and Flora E.. now Mrs. Beardsley. of Cleveland. After her husband's death. she moved to New Lisbon. thence to Cleveland, where she lived until her marriage with Col. Hart, Dec. 22. Col. Hart obtained his military title by children born to Rufus and Esther (Cotter) Hart, who were natives of Goshen, Conn. They were married in that State, and moved to New York about the year 1798, where they farmed until 1815, when he moved to Ohio. Two of his sons had come out the preceding spring. He settled on 100 acres of land in what is now Coventry Township, which he had bought before coming to the State, and which had been partly improved by a man named John Collins. Mr. Hart lived in this vicinity until bis death, which occurred in 1840, his wife's death also occurring about that time. Hiram Hart (our subject) lived at home until he was 25 years of age. His educational advantages were limited, and confined to the district schools in New York, and a short period in Ohio. He was married, July 18, 1830, to Miss Sarah Smith, daughter of Moses and Sarah (Haley) Smith, who were natives of piece of land containing 50 acres, and continued upon it until 1844, when he bought the old | homestead. In October, 1863, his wife died, | leaving seven children, three of whom are living - Delos, a farmer in Springfield Township ; | now Mrs. Thos. F. Cleveland, of Akron. Soon after the death of his wife, Mr. Hart moved to Akron, where he has since resided. He was married to Mrs. Pratt. formerly Miss Sophia to Ohio with her parents about 1832. settled in Portage Co., where he died; she died in Akron, where she was living with her daughter. widely known as a leading dairyman.
the first permanent settlers in Bath Township. | He was raised on the farm where he lived until - 1857, when he located in Hudson, and in 1861 | he moved on his farm, where he died the year following. He was three times married. His first wife, Miss Sallie C. Upson, of Tallmadge, died about six months after marriage. is second wife, who was Miss Harriet Carlton, died in 1853. His third wife, Miss Adaline Thompson, survives him, and is now the Matron of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, at Fairbault, Minn. Our subject lived at home on the farm until 1861, when he enlisted in the 29th O. V.I., but, owing to his father's illness, received his discharge and returned home. Sept. 23, 1862, he married Miss Elizabeth Hanson, a native of England, who came with her parents to Summit Co. at the age of 13. By the marriage there were two children, one, H. C. now living. In 1868, Mr. Hale moved to Portage Co., where he lived two years. He then went to Corry, Penn., and engaged in the lumber business, and two years later he removed to Huntingdon, W. Va. where he also engaged in the lumber business. While at the latter place, he lost his wife, in 1874. He next moved to Akron and engaged as book-keeper in an agricultural implement store. In 1879, he took the position of Deputy County Clerk in the office under Sumner Nash, and has filled the position since. Nov. 26, 1876, he married at East Cleveland, Mrs. Cozad, formerly Miss L. E. Hine. She has one child by her former marriage, viz., Henry Irving Cozad. LEVERETT JOSEPH IVES was born in Westfield, Mass., on the 19th day of September, 1806. He was a son of Joseph Ives and Sarah Bishop, both natives of New Haven, Conn. His paternal ancestor, William Ives, likewise recorded "Eves," came, it is supposed. from England, previous to 1639. He settled in New Haven, and was one of the sixty-three original free planters, who, upon the 4th day of June, 1639, signed the " Fundamental Agreement of Quinnipiack " in, as'tradition states, the barn of Mr. Robert Newman. Joseph Ives, son of William, married Jan. 2, 1672 or 1673, Mary Yale, born April 16, 1650, daughter of Thomas Yale, Esq., and Mary Turner, of New Haven. Mary Turner was a daughter of Capt. Nathaniel Turner; he, with Mr. Thomas Gregson, of New Haven, were of that "Godly company" who perished in the Phantom Ship, and both were direct ancestors of Leverett Joseph Ives. Gov. Elihu Yale, in honor of whom, through his munificent donations, Yale College reveived its name, was likewise a son of Thomas Yale,- Esq., and brother to Mary (Yale) Ives. Ensign and Deacon Samuel Ives, son of Joseph Ives and Mary Yale, was born in New Haven, Nov. 6, 1677 ; he died there Nov. 24, 1726, aged 49 years ; he was one of the first two Deacons of the First Society Church of New Haven. He married Jan. 3, 1706, Ruth Atwater, born Dec. 31, 1688, of New Haven. daughter of the Rev. Jeremiah Peck, who, "in 1660, was established, according to an act of court, in the Hopkins Collegiate Grammar languages and sciences." Capt. Jonathan Ives, son of Deacon Samuel Ives and Ruth Atwater, was born March 14, 1716, « which perhaps is 1716-17." He married Feb. 19, 1737-38, in New Haven, Nov. 19, 1738 ; he married June © 7, 1768, Hannah Bassett, born Dec. 26, 1739, | daughter of Abraham Bassett. of New Haven, | and Mehitable Street, of Wallingford. Joseph |
Ives, son of Jeremiah Ives and Hannah Bassett, was born in New Haven, Feb. 2, 1771; he married Sarah Bishop, born Feb. 3, 1777; she was a daughter of Isaac Bishop and Sarah Macomber, of New Haven. Joseph Ives and Sarah Bishop, as already stated, were the parents of Leverett Joseph Ives. On the 25th of April, 1832, he married in Perrysburg, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., Fidelia Elvira Field, born April 31, 1805, at Grass Hill, Gill, Mass. ; they settled in the adjoining town of Lodi. About 1833, Mr. Ives removed to Hamilton, Canada, West. In the spring of 1837, owing to the occurrence of the Canada rebellion, being unwilling to swear allegiance to the British Crown, he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and in the following autumn, became a resident of Akron, Ohio, where he lived twenty-three years, acquiring there prominence as a druggist; he identified himself largely in the interests of the dence, in East Orange, N. J., on the 20th of Sep- | enlisted in September, 1861, in the 2d O. V. C., tember, 1876, aged 70 years and 1 day. He was | as a member of the regimental band, servhonest and upright in his dealings with men, a good citizen, a kindly friend and neighbor ; his manners were pleasing, and full of hospitality ; in politics, he originally belonged to the school of Whigs ; in 1848, he voted the Republican ticket, and adhered thereafter firmly to the Anti-Slavery party. He gave to "Old John Brown, the martyr," the rifle he took to Kansas. Prominent in the early history of Akron, was the wife of the subject of this sketch.
Grass Hill, Gill, Mass. through a number of the original settlers of New England, among whom may be mentioned Samuel Wright, of Springfield, Mass. ; Elder
Ford, of Dorchester, Mass. ; Lieut. John Hollister and Richard Treat, both of Wethersfield, Conn.; and Zachariah Field, of Northampton, Mass., grandson of John Field, of England, the astronomer, who, in 1556, wrote the first astronomical work ever published, based upon the | ing in the Western campaign in the division of Gen. Blount. During that and the followi ing years the regiment made an excellent record. After the band was discharged by order from the War Department, he enlisted at the call of Gov. Brough, in 1864, in 164th Regiment, Company A., O. N. G., and served on the Potomac, where they were garrisoned in six forts.
Captain in the 124th O. V..L, but owing to the consolidation of the companies, he was mustered out. Hecameagain to Akron in the fall of 1864, and has been in continuous practice since. For several years he has been a member of the Council, and Recorder and Attorney for the In 1863, he was a member of the Council and took the census: and prepared the necessary papers and obtained from the Secretary of State, the present charter as a city of the second class. For many years he has been chorister of the Congregational Church. June 6, 1866, he married Miss Sarah H. Boardman, of Newton Falls ; there are two children living.
both came, when young, with their spective families, to this county. Six sons and two daughters were the fruit ef their marriage. The subject of this sketch was born to them Oct. 23, 1833, in Richfield Township, Summit Co., Ohio. his family moved to Hudson. graduated from the Western Reserve College, and at once entered upon the study of law with Van R. Humphrey, of Hudson, then with Wolcott and Upson, of Akron, being admitted to the bar at the Supreme Court of Columbus, a farmer. and he was raised to the same _business. He came to Ohio about the year 1838, and located in Middlebury, at that time one of the most energetic business places on the Reserve.
' He here formed a partnership with Mr. John Johnson, and did a general merchandise busi- ' ness for a number of years, when Mr. Irvin retired, and so lived until his death, Sept. 4, 1863. He married Nov. 2, 1842, to Miss Martha Clark, a native of Springfield Township, Summit Co., and a daughter of Wm. L. and Sarah (De Haven) Clark. Mrs. Irvin is living still on the
DANIEL A. JAMES, Akron; youngest son of Daniel and Mary (Pells) James, was born in Paris Township, Portage Co., Ohio, Oct. 13, 1846. His father was a native of Wales, and died in Portage Co., Ohio, in 1846 ; his mother was a native of New York State. He learned came to Akron, and worked for Miller, Thomas | & Co., until 1875, when he started a manufact- | ory of office and church furniture and interior | decorations, which business he has carried on since with fair success ; in 1876, he located at - 218 West Market street, employing tive skilled | workmen coustantly ; he experiences a steady growth of business. He is the youngest of sixteen children. of whom but five are living. In February, 1879. he married Louisa Thomas, . daughter of George Thomas, of Akron.
M. JEWETT, physician, Middlebury; is a' native of Massachusetts ; he was born in Green- © wich, Sept. 4. 1815. He came to Ohio in the year 1836, and located at Hudson. where he read medicine with Drs. Noble and Town ; in 1839, he began practice at Mogadore. and the years 1850 and 1851 he spent in California, after which he returned to Ohio, and during the winters of 1855-56 and 1856-57. he represented Summit County in the State Legislature. In 1858, he removed to Middlebury, where he has since practiced his profession. attended lectures at Willoughby, Ohio, and graduated from that college after its removal to Cleveland. Now 66 years of age. he is one of the oldest practitioners in the county; he has been associated in practice with Dr. Ferguson (a former student), of Mogadore, Drs. L. S. Esbright and 8. T. Odell, of Akron, and at the present time with Drs. C. C. Davison and F. W. Reed. Having a great love for horticultural matters. he has given his leisure moments to the management of a small farm. and has now in bearing the largest peach orchard in the county, besides a great variety of other fruits. the care of which atford an appreciated recreation.
DR. W. C. JACOBS. 605 High street. Akron, is a native of Lima. Ohio. where he was born Feb. 26, 1840. His parents, T. K. and Ann (Elder) Jacobs, were natives of J.uniata Co., Penn., whence they came, in 1836, to Ashland, moving two years later to Lima, where they have since lived. His father was a tailor by trade, though turning his attention to farming in the new country. and was one of the early pioneers of the latter place.
dren, spent his early years on the farm and in the village until the age of 16. when he received an appointment to the National Naval School at Annapolis, Md.
Dr. William Carson, graduating in 1862, at the Ohio Medical College in that city. In April, 1862, he was appointed Assistant Surgeon in the 4th O. V. C., and served with the regiment of the war. During the Atlanta campaign, he served on the Operating Board of the Second Division. Sixteenth Army Corps. October. 1865. he came to Akron, where he has since practiced his profession. He is a member of the Summit County Medical Society. of the Union Medical Society of Northeastern Ohio. of the State Medical Society. and of the Amerivan Medical Association. Of the second named society Dr. Jacobs was the first Secretary, and has held offices in other of the societies. September 10. 1863, he married Miss Huldah M. Hill. a native of Knox Co., Ohio. Her father. Luther Hill. was a native of New York. and settled with his parents in Richland Co., Ohio, in 18il. Dr. Jacobs has one child - Herald L.
TIMOTHY 8. JONES. of the firm of Jones. Wait & Co.. potters. Middlebury. was born in Venango Co., Penn., April 22. 1829. His father. Alpheus Jones. was a blacksmith. At the age of 16. our subject began the potter's trade, and worked at same for five years. He then went to Tionesta. Penn.. where he was lumbering until 1855. In this year he came to Obio and settled in Middlebury. working for three years in the Sewer Pipe Company. He then worked as a potter one year, when. in company with Harvey Baidwin. Le opened a pottery, which they conducted « number of years. when he sold his interest and worked at his trade as a hand. In November, 1880. the present company of Jones, Wait & Co. was formed. They have liberal facilities for making all kinds of stoneware, and will add double their present capacity during the summer. April 25, 1842. he mar-
_ ried Miss Martha H. Watson, a native of Venango Co.. Penn. Of their seven children. four are living. viz., Sarah, now Mrs. D. C. Allen, of Middlebury ; Onna, now Mrs. C. M. Wait; Ada H., now Mrs. H. Akers ; and Wilburn L.. the latter and Mr. Wait Akers and T. 8. Jones forming tbe company.
; until November, 1880. Oct. 16, 1878, be mar- , Tied Miss Lois Caruthers, a daughter of Perry | C. and Cynthia Clark Caruthers, of Tallmadge _ Township. By the marriage there is one child, | viz., Ethel Lois Johnston.
of Joseph and Annie (Hotchkiss) Hart. He ' ' was a native of Nova Scotia, 'and at the age of | _ 12 years went to sea, being a sailor for a num-> of ten children born to John and Elizabeth R. (Newton) Johnston. Our subject lived at home until the year 1865, when he took a position as clerk in the Post Office Department at Wasbington, D. C., where he remained until 1871.
Hudson, where he followed his trade of carpenter | and joiner. He soon after settled on a farm in ! Portage Co., and lived in that vicinity until his death, which occurred in 1824. Mrs. Kent lived with her son Roswell until her death, which occurred in Middlebury about the year his brother and Mr. Oviatt, and about the year - 1826 he bought the establishment. continuing - in the business fora numberof years. He then | engaged in the manufacture of woolen machin- | ery and later in the manufacture of sewer-pipe, | which he followed until his death, which occurred but three are living - Ella K., now Mrs. Finley McNaughton, of Akron ; Russell H., of the Akron Stone Ware Company, of Middlebury, and Flora K., now Mrs. T. 8. Paige.
DAVID L. KING, manufacturer, Akron ; was born in Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, Dec. 24,1825. He was the third son of a family of eight children born to Leicester and Julia Ann (Huntington) King, both natives of New England. Mr. King's father commenced business as a merchant in Westfield, Mass., but, in 1817, desiring to establish himself in business at Natchez, Miss., he came West, spending some weeks in Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio. He proceeded to his destination, where, although the prospect of success was very bright, he could not reconcile himself to the thought of rearing his family under the degrading influences of slavery. He finally abandoned his scheme, and returned to New York by vessel, narrowly escaping death from the yellow fever on the voyage. The same year, he removed to Warren, Ohio, and engaged in a successful mercantile business until 1833, when he became interested in the land upon which Akron is built. He served one term as Associate Judge, and subsequently represented the Trumbull County District in the State Senate for two terms, from 1835 to 1839. He became an ardent opponent of the institution of slavery, and afterward allied himself with the Liberty party, refusing | the most flattering offers of advancement from | the Whigs, in obedience to his convictions upon the question of slavery. He was the nominee of this party for Governor in 1844, and of the Free-Soil party for Vice President in 1847. though he subsequently declined, and gave his support to Martin Van Buren. He died Sept. | 19, 1856. just as the principles for which he | great political party which has carried them on | to such glorious fruition. The subject of this sketch, David L. King, graduated at an early age at Harvard College, and removed to Akron in 1846, where he at once entered upon the study of law in the office of King & Taylor. | He was admitted to une' bar in Cleveland in | 1848, and, in 1851, established his residence | there, practicing his profession with success - until 1856. when he returned to Akron. » Here, in 1867, he abandoned his profession and | accepting the offices of Secretary and Treasurer in the Akron Sewer Pipe Co., the largest | institution of the kind in the world, he engaged in the manufacture of "vitrified sewer pipe." Since that time, this constantly increasing business has absorbed his whole attention. Rapid success followed his management of this com- | pany, the product of which in the past year reached the amount of $400,000. The completion of the Atlantic & Great Western Rail- | way, in 1864, gave a great impetus to the | manufacturing interests of Akron, and to Mr. King's intelligent activity and financial ability is largely due the advanced position as a manu- | facturing point of which Akron is justly proud. | All enterprises for the promotion of the city's growth have found in Mr. King a liberal supporter and a capable worker. He was prominent in securing the extension of the Baltimore | & Ohio Railroad, and, in 1871, was elected President of the Valley Railroad, the establishing of which he did so much to secure. At | the death of his father, Mr. King assumed the management of the large landed estate | which his father owned in company with Gen. | Simon Perkins, pursuing a policy in the disposal of these lands which materially aided the interests of the growing city. A member of | St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and for fourteen , years an active Superintendent of its Sunday school, he has ever been found a prominent worker in all charitable and benevolent enterprises. He is known throughout the community as an indefatigable worker, and is highly | esteemed. He was married, May 1, 1849, to | Miss Bettie Washington Steele, of Charleston, | Va., a grand-neice of Gen. Washington. Of this | union were born Ellen Lewis. Bettie Steele, Howell Steele, Susan Huntington and Martha. Perkins King, all of whom are living except Ellen Lewis, who was married, Jan. 19, 1870, to | David R. Paige, of Akron, and died Dec. 20, | 1878, leaving two sons, Charles Cutler, born Nov. 25, 1870, and David King, born May, 20, 1872. The second daughter, Bettie Steele, was married, Dec. 10, 1873, to John Gilbert Raymond, of Akron, and has one child, Harry King, born April 29, 1877.
FRANK J. KNAPP, manufacturer of stoneware, Akron, is a native of Baden, Germany. His parents, John and Barbara (Schneider) | Knapp, came to America in 1847 and settled at | Pittsburgh, going thence to Minnesota, and, in 1850, to Akron. His father was a stone-mason and followed the trade in this country ; he died | about 1867; his wife died three years previous. Frank J. was born in Germany June 4, 1840; he came to this country with his parents, with whom he lived until he was about 22 years of age. the potter's trade, and six years later, he was conducting his own shop; entering his wares at an agricultural fair, he secured the first premium over five competitors. conducting the business here ever since, save for eight years, during three of which he was win, in the Sixth Ward. He started his present business in 1868 or 1869. which has grown until he now employs abont thirty hands and from four to six teams, turning out from 12,000 to 15,000 gallons per week. His business is done entirely upon orders. although he employs no agents. In 1862, he married Miss Louisa Hines, of Coventry, Summit Co., Ohio, and by her had three children, two of whom are now living - Mary and Emma. In the fall of 1878.
received a good high-school education at Smithville. Until 1870, he taught in Medina, Summit and Wayne Counties. In 1871, he went to Pentwater. Mich.. where, for two years, he had charge of the Union schools. In 1873, he came to Akron, anc, in August of the same year, was married to Miss Amanda Miller. daughter of Charles Miller. of Akron; she
His mother was a native of Bucks Co., Penn., and his father, Jacob Kr: descent, also a native of Bucks Co., Penn.. where he engaged in farming; he came to
Wayne Co., Ohio, in 1838, and resided on a | farm there until his death in 1872, leaving a | family of five sons and one danghter, all now |
Reuben N. (subject); Henry E., of Bucyrus, Ohio; Jacob L., farmer at Salt River, Mich., and Lee G., a student in the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music. Reuben N. Kratz is a member of the English Lutheran Church, and Superintendent of the Sabbath school.
J. A. KOHLER, lawyer, Akron, Ohio ; is a son of Henry Kohler, and was born Aug. 15, 1835, in Franklin Township, in this county. He received his education at the public schools of the neighborhood, and at 18, went to the Lodi Academy. In 1853, he came to Akron, where he apprenticed himself to one Sanford for four years, and then began the study of law with N. W. Goodhue, and was admitted to the bar in 1859 ; elected Prosecuting Attorney two terms, beginning in 1868 and continuing to 1872 ; practiced with Hon. Sidney Edgerton for a number of years, and since 1881, in firm of Kohler & Saddler. He was married in May, 1860, to Miss Frances Coburn, daughter of Dr. Coburn, of Akron. They have two children - Burt and George. Subject's grandfather came from Holland, and settled in Berks Co., Penn., at begin- | ning of 19thcentury. He was born about 1788, - ' For several years he engaged in teaming, but ' when, in 1848, the "gold fever" reached Akron, _ he grew discontented, and, in the spring of the RICHARD H. KNIGHT, publisher of Akron ,
City Times, Akron, Ohio ; is the second son in a family of seven children born to Jonathan and Deborah (Barber) Knight, Connecticut. The father was of English descent, but was born in Norwich, Conn., where he followed farming until 1832, when he came to Ohio and
| death. | five children still living. was born Nov. 11. 1813, in Litchfield Co., Conn., and came with his father's family to Ridgeville as above (in 1832) and followed farming and on which was a stone quarry, and he worked in , Spring Co., and is one of its principal stockthe various departments of stone-work at Elyria, and on the Cleveland, Columbus & Cin- | In 1873. he removed to Akron, | and purchased the Akron City Times, and has -
Grand Rapids, Mich. ; Ellen, a teacher at Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, and Clarence R., editor of the Akron City Times, who was born at Dover, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, Aug. 9, 1850. He (Clarence R.) entered Lombard University, at Galesburg, Ill., at the age of 17 years, for four years, and in 1871-72 was in the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio. Came to Akron in 1872, and at the opening of Buchtel College, matriculated and finished the course in 1873; when in the December following he took charge of the editorial department of the Times, which position he has since retained.
N. Y. His parents were David and Christiana (Traver) Kellogg. From the date of his birth, which was Feb. 11, 1799. he lived there for thirty-five years, attending school in his boyhood, and acquiring a thorough common-school education. When he attained his majority, he began to fight his own life-battles, and farmed at that place until 1834, when he discontinued the vocation, and, with a good team, started for Akron, which place he reached in September.
following year, he, in company with fifteen others, driving three six-horse teams, traversed the overland route, arriving at Sacramento in August, which was five months from the time There he engaged in the selling for high prices; this he followed with good success for four years, at the end of which time he returned to Akron. It was in the spring of 1854 that he bought his present place, on Maple street, the lot consisting of 54 acres. In 1856, he was employed as Sexton of the Akron Rural Cemetery, which place he held for twelve whose portrait appears in this work, was born in Suffield, Hartford Co., Conn., June 29, 1815. His father, Mr. Comfort Lane, commonly called by his townsmen " Judge Lane," beside cultivating a small farm, carried on quite an exten- | sive carriage building establishment, his specialty being the old fashioned, ante-railroad, thorough-brace stage coach; "Judge" Lane was also something of an inventor, and beside fabricating a number of labor-saving devices for facilitating his own business, was the inventor of a cotton-picking machine called the "Suffield cotton gin," that, when perfected, he expected, would rival if not entirely supersede the celebrated Whitney cotton gin, then and ever since mainly used by the cotton great seal of the United States, under date of March 24, 1825, are still in the possession of the subject of this sketch. Mr Lane, the father, dying before successfully introducing his machine to the public, it was never utilized, and the expenses incurred in its invention, construction, patenting, etc., were of course a dead loss. The boyhood of "Lant," as he was familiarly called, was about equally divided between the district school, the farm, and the painting room of the carriage-shop, it being the intention of his father to bring him up to the trade of a carriage painter - his next elder brother, Henry Leander, being designed by the provident father to be a wood-workman in the same line of business. The death of the father, however. Sept. 20, 1828, whea Alanson was but 13 years old, thwarted this plan so far as he was concerned, though the brother, who had already the trade, was enabled to secure a situation in the then celebrated establishment of George & Henry Francis, in Hartford, and complete his trade. The condition of the deceased father's affairs was such, on settlement of the estate, that it became necessary for the sons old enough to do so to win their own bread. By working for the neighboring farmers in summer
, and doing chores for his board while attending ; School winters, Alanson was not only able to | provide for himself but also to contribute something toward the replenishment of the family larder until the spring of 1831, when, by an arrangement made for him by-his eldest brother, Comfort U. Lane, who had been for several years a clerk in the store of Owen & Hurlbut, extensive paper manufacturers in the village of South Lee, Berkshire Co., Mass., he entered the adjoining store of Mr. Billings Brown, quite an extensive mill owner in the same village - the distance from Suffield to South Lee being about fifty miles. Commencing with Mr. Brown May 1, 1831, being then not quite 16 years old. the relations of the merchant and his clerk were of the most friendly and confidential character for a year and a half, when Mr. Brown, by reason of his other more important interests. substantially abandoned his mercantile business. and, in the fall of 1832, young Lane's clerkship was transferred to the store of Mr. Austin Hayden, in the more important village of Pittsfield. in the same county. Here he remained until the spring of 1833. when. on visiting home (after an absence of just two years, during which time he had outgrown the knowledge of his most intimate acquaintances), he entered into an arrangement with a Hartford book publisher to canvass Merrimack Co., in the State of New Hampshire. for Goodrich's History of the United States. Simultaneously with his arrival at Concord, the county seat of Merrimack Co. and the capital of the State. was the arrival of Gen. Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, who, with his Cabinet. was at that time making a grand triumphal tour through New England. The military and civic display on that occasion was probably greater than was ever witnessed in that State, either before or since, and though the embryo book agent was obliged to sleep for two consecutive nights in a stage coach in the stable yard of the hotel where he had intended to stop, he laughingly remarks that he has always felt gratified at the honors then and there paid to Adm and *Old Hickory." Though his father had been a stanch Democrat before him, the sight of the old hero and the "pomp and circumstance" of that occasion, probably had a tendency to confirm young Lane in his Democratic proclivities, and in making him, for many years after attaining his majority, an active member of the Democratic party. The display over, the canvassing business was vigorously proceeded with. every family and business establishment in the city and county being visited, and the work so satisfactorily done, that on his return to Hartford, though then but a little over 17 years old, he was detailed to do similar work in Georgia and South Carolina, with his headquarters at Augusta. Arriving at his destination in January, 1834, the principal towns in the river counties above that point, in both States, were canvassed during the winter, spring and early summer, and a good portion of the books delivered. A hitch in the receipt of books from the North occurring, in the latter part of the summer, young Lane entered the office of the Southern Spy, an anti-nullification or radical Union paper, as assistant editor and general helper, in the village of Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., then and for many years afterward the home of the since notorious Southern politician and rebel General, "Bob" Toombs. At the close of the election campaign, in October, 1834, in which the Unionists of Wilkes Co. were triumphant over the Nullifiers for the first time in
| several years, and having closed his canvassing | matters, young Lane, with a view of resuming - mercantile operations somewhere in the South, | visited Mobile and New Orleans, in both of
| concluded to return North. Leaving New Orleans by steamer, and making short stops - |}, at Louisville, Cincinnati and Columbus - he | | town at the age of 15 years, and though several reached Cleveland about the 1st of March, whence he proceeded directly to Aurora, in Portage Co., where an aunt and other acquaintances from Connecticut resided. After a somewhat prolonged visit among his Aurora until something more favorable should " turn up." This was on the 10th day of June, 1835, and nineteen days before he had attained his 20th birthday. Mercantile clerkships being less plenty than aspirants therefor, and no eligible situation presenting itself, our impecunious young friend continued to mix whisky toddies and perform the multifarious duties of a village hotel tapster for about two months, when he was offered and accepted a temporary situation in the shop of a house and sign painter by the name of Burt, as a sort of half-apprentice, halfjourneyman, at very low wages, and to board in the family of his employer - the very first jobs assigned to him being some ornamental work beyond the skill and capacity of his employer and so-called instructor. Applying himself diligently to the business in hand, with his natural taste for designing, lettering, etc., and his youthful experience in and about his father's carriage-shop, he was in three months the peer of his employer in all branches of the business carried on, and, in some, his superior.
Provenance
Text from History of Summit County, Ohio, published 1881, in the public domain in the United States and digitised by the Internet Archive. The settlements listed against this township are matched by point-in-polygon test of each Geographic Names Information System coordinate against the Census Bureau's county subdivision boundary, not by name.