Washington Township (part 2 of 2)

It is characterized by many textural variations which can not be shown on the map. The surface soil varies in texture from a fine sandy loam to a heavy silty clay loam. In many places on the flood plains of East Fork Little Miami River and Stonelick Creek, as well as along some of the minor creeks, the predominating texture is loam, but these areas have been mapped as Genesee silt loam because. of their small extent. Along East Fork Little Miami River, the texture of all of the layers of the soil is modified by gravel, the size of which varies from that of small peas to that' of hickory nuts. Small areas of both alluvial and colluvial materials occurring along the streams of the small valleys are included with this soil type. In such places the material adjacent to the stream is usually alluvial and that lying at the base of the valley slope is colluvial, but in many places in the narrowest valleys these two classes of material have become thoroughly mixed. In the flood plain of East Fork Little Miami River there are a number of spots included with Genesee silt loam where the surface soil is sufficiently dark in color to be classed with Wabash silt loam. In such places the material to a depth ranging from 10 to 16 inches is a very dark grayishbrown friable silt loam.

Genesee silt loam occurs on flood plains along all the rivers but the Ohio, along all the creeks and along many of the smaller streams of Clermont County. The surface is flat and the drainage is very poor. The spring rains and the usual overflow keep the soil wet until late in spring, and cultivation is difficult.

Near the streams tree growth consists mostly of willow and sycamore, but on the remainder of the soil the trees are beech, ash, wild cherry, black walnut, and bur oak. Corn is the chief crop, yielding from 30 to 50 bushels an acre, but at times the crop is a total loss because of floods. Wheat, mixed red clover and timothy, and alfalfa are successfully grown.

The value of this land is usually much lower than that of secondbottom land of equal productiveness, because of the loss of crops by floods. However, where this soil is subject to overflow only during extraordinarily high floods, current value ranges from $100 to $150 an acre,

Genesee silt loam needs most attention in protecting it from overflow, and in ample tilling. This soil, because of its neutral condi- - is well suited for the growing of red clover, alfalfa, and sweet clover.

Genesee Loam

The soil section of dry, virgin Genesee loam shows a layer of dark-brown, friable loam 8 or 10 inches deep, underlain by a brown or dark-brown loam, to depths ranging from 24 to 36 inches,

This rests upon brown, gravelly loam material, which is slightly calcareous. <A fine or very fine sandy loam material may occur between depths of 12 and 36 inches, or layers of silt loam material of varying thicknesses. Included with Genesee loam are small areas on narrow valley floors, where the fluvial deposit along the stream and the colluvial material washed from the slopes have become mixed. Most Genesee loam, as mapped, contains patches of Genesee silt loam and fine sandy loam. The soil of cultivated fields, to a depth of 8 inches, is practically the same as that in the virgin state.

The area of Genesee loam is very inextensive, for it occurs only as first-bottom land along Little Miami River and East Fork Little Miami River.

The surface is flat, and the drainage poor. The tree growth is practically the same as that on Genesee silt loam. Corn and hay are the principal crops. Yields are somewhat smaller than are yields on Genesee silt loam.

Genesee Fine Sandy Loam

When dry and in its virgin state, Genesee fine sandy loam is a dark-brown fine sandy loam to an average depth of 9 inches. Brown fine sandy loam which contains some gravel separates this from the beds of sand and gravel which usually occur at depths ranging from 8 to 6 feet. These beds of sand and gravel are nearer the surface along Little Miami River than elsewhere in the county. An area of Genesee very fine sandy loam occurs at Milford along East Fork Little Miami River. Because of very small extent it was mapped as Genesee fine sandy loam. Genesee fine sandy loam in cultivated fields, is very similar to that in the virgin state.

Soil of this type is rare, occurring only in the flood plains of Little Miami River and along East Fork Little Miami River. The surface is flat and the drainage varies from fair to good.

Probably 20 per cent of Genesee fine sandy loam is under cultivation. 'The remainder is used mostly for permanent pasture and supports a growth of willow, sycamore, beech, and ash. Corn, hay,

Summary

The surface features are deep narrow valleys and level interstream areas. For several miles back from Ohio River and along East Fork Little Miami River, the surface is broken and hilly.

oints. P The principal crops in Clermont County are corn, tobacco, hay, and wheat. Commercial fruit growing is an important phase of agriculture in the southwestern part of the county. ;

Cincinnati soils have brown or grayish-brown topsoils underlain by yellowish-brown, and more compact subsoils. These soils have good drainage and are the warmest and earliest of the upland soils.

Rossmoyne soils have grayish-brown, friable topsoils underlain by yellowtsh-brown subsoils mottled with yellow, brown, and gray. These soils are the most extensively developed in the county. They are moderately productive and are easily tilled.

Clermont soils have gray surface soils underlain by plastic, lightgray or yellowish-brown subsoils strongly mottled with yellow, gray, and brown. These soils are very acid and poorly drained. 'They are devoted to general farm crops, but the yields are below the average for the county.

Blanchester soils have dark-gray or dark grayish-brown topsoils, from 10 to 14 inches thick, underlain by gray or dark-gray friable subsoils. With adequate drainage, these soils are very productive.

Edenton soils occur in positions intermediate between the Cincinnati and Fairmount soils. To a depth of 2 or 3 feet, they are similar to Cincinnati soils, but below this depth they resemble Fairmount soils. These soils are productive, but are subject to serious erosion. As they contain sufficient lime, they are especially adapted to alfalfa, sweet clover, and other legumes.

Fairmount soils have a brown or yellowish-brown silty clay loam surface soil, and a yellowish-brown, heavy subsoil. These are productive soils, but owing to the steep slopes, sheet erosion, and guilying they are difficult to manage. They are the leading tobacco soils of the county and are well adapted to alfalfa.

Williamsburg soils consist of grayish-brown material to depths which range from 8 to 18 inches, underlain by heavier-textured, yellowish-brown material. These soils are warm, early, and fertile. Because of their lime content they are well adapted to the growing of legumes.

Fox soils have dark grayish-brown surface soils and dark yellowish-brown subsoils. These soils are warm, early, and particularly adapted to truck crops.

Soils of the Wheeling series are characterized by dark grayishbrown topsoils, and brown subsoils. These soils give good yields of general farm crops and are well suited for trucking.

Huntington soils have brown to dark-brown topsoils, and brown or yellowish-brown subsoils. They are subject to inundation, and are used for the production of corn and for permanent pasture.

he Genesee series includes soil types having dark-brown or dark grayish-brown surface soils and brown subsoils, They occur on flood plains along streams.

JOINT: RESOLUTION Amending publi¢ resolution numbered eight, Fifty-sixth Congress, second session, approved February twenty-third, nineteen hundred and one, " providing for the printing annually of the report -on field operations of the Division of Soils, Department of Agriculture."

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That public resolution numbered eight, Fiftysixth Congress, second session, approved February twenty-third, nineteen hundred and one, be amended by striking out all after the resolving clause and inserting in lieu thereof the following:

That there shall be printed ten thousand five hundred copies of the report on field operations of the Division of Soils, Department of Agriculture, of which one thousand five hundred copies shall be for the use of the Senate, three thougand copies for the use of the House of Representatives, and six thousand copies for the ase of the Department of Agriculture: Provided, That in addition to the number of copies above provided for there shall be printed, as soon as the manuscript can be prepared, with the necessary maps and illustrations to accompany it, a report on each area surveyed, in the form of advance sheets, pound in paper covers, of which five hundred copies shall be for the use of each Senator from the State, two thousand copies for the use of each Representative for the congressional district or districts in which the survey is made, and one thousand copies for the use of the Department of Agricuiture.

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