Wells Township (part 5 of 7)

Medicines, see when the value of the package containing same shall not exceed, at the retail price or value, the sum of 25 cts. Do., exceeding 25 cents and not exceeding 50 cents, Do., exceeding 50 cents and not exceeding 75 cents. Do., exceeding 75 cents and not exceeding $1, Do., exceeding $1, for each and every 50 cents, or fractional more than $1,000. Movements, clock, made to run one day, each, - - - Do., do., made to run over one day, each, - . = . Mustard, ground, per pound,

Do., illuminating, refined, produced by the distillation of coal, aspliaituDi, shale, peat, petroleum or rock oil, and all other bituminous substances used for like purposes, per gallon, $0 10

Order for the payment of any sum of money drawn upon any Bank, Trust Company, or any person or persons, companies or corporations, at sight or on demand, stamp duty same as " Bill of Exchange."

Paints shall not be subject to any additional duty in consequence of being mixed or grouad in oil, when the duties upon all the materials so mixed and ground shall have been previously actually paid.

Pawnbrokers, under which term is included every person whose business or occupation- is to take or receive by way of pledge, pawn or excliange, any goods, wares or merchandise, or an}^ kind of personal property whatever, for the payment or security of money lent' thereon, for license, . $50 00

Peddlers, under which term is included every person who Bells, or offers to sell, at retail, goods, wares or other commodities, traveling from place to place, in the street, or through different parts of the country, when more than two horses, for each license, - 20 00

Do., who sell, or otfer to sell, dry goods, foreign or domestic, by one or more original packages or pieces at one time to the same person, for each license, . - - - -

Photographers, under which term is included every person who makes for sale photographs, ambrotypes, or pictures on glass, metal or paper, by the action of light, for each license, when the receipts do not exceed $500,

Physicians, under which term is included every person (except apothecaries) whose business it is to, for fee or reward, prescribe medicine or perform any surgical operation for the cure of any bodily disease or ailing, dentists included, for each license, -_.---.-

Power of attorney for the sale or transfer of any scrip, or certificate of profits, or memorandum, showing an interest in the profits or accumulation of any corporation or association, for a sum less than $50, - " -

Power of attorney for the sale or transfer of any stock, bonds, or scrip, or for collection of any dividend, or interest thereon, stamp duty, ___--_-- $0 25

Power of attorney or proxy for voting at any election for officers of any incorporated company or societyf^except charitable, religious, literaiy and cemetery societies, stamp dul}-^, 0 10

Power of attorney to sell and convey real estate, or to rent or lease the same, or to perform any and all other acts not specified, stamp duty, _.--____ 100

Proba(:e of will, where the estate and effects fur or in respect of which such probate applied for shall be sworn or declared not to exceed the value of $2,500, stamp duty,

Do., annua], when received by any citizen of the United States, resident abroad, and not in employ of the United States, not otherwise provided for, - - - ' .. - 5 per ct.

Promissory note - Any memorandum, check, receipt, or other written or printed evidence of an amount of money to be paid on demand, or at a time designated, shall be considered as a "Promissory Note," and re-stamped accordingly. See " Bill of Exchange (inland)."

Railroads - On bonds or other evidences of indebtedness upon which interest is stipulated to be paid, on the amount of interest, ---- 3 per ct.

Railroad cars - Thare shall be deducted from duties assessed upon railroad cars any duties which may have been assessed and paid upon car wheels, Kailroad chairs, per tun, _-___-- $2 00

Receipt (other than charter party) for any goods, merchandise, or effects to be exported from a port or place in the United States to any foreign port or place, stamp duty, - 0 10

Do., for any goods, merchandise or effects to be carried from one port or place in the United States to any other port or place in the United States, either by land or water, except when carried by an express company or carrier, Stamp duty repealed. Receipts of express companies, gross, - « - . - - - - 2 per ct. Receipts, gross, of ferry-boat companies, - - - - 1^ P^^' ^*'

Rectifiers, under which term is included every person who rectifies, purilies or refines spirituous liquors, or wines, by any jjrocess, or mixes distilled spirits, whisky, brandy, gin or wine with any other materials for sale under the name of rum, whisky, brandy, gin, wine, or any other name or names, for each license to rectify an}^ quantity of spirituous liquors not exceeding 500 barrels, containing not more than forty gallons to each, ._..--- $25 00

Refiners' Sugar, see "Sugar Refiners." Renewal of insurance, see " Policy of Insurance." Rents, annual income from, when exceeding $600, on the excess over $600 (see " Incomes"), - _ - _ - 3 per ct. Rents, annual income from, when realized by a citizen of the United States residing in a foreign country and not in the employ of the United States, ------ 6 per ct.

Rent of residences is to be deducted from income before levying the*tax thereon. Retail dealers, under which term is included every person whose business or occupation it is to sell or ofter for sale any goods, wares, or merchandise of foreign or domestic production, not including wines, spirituous or malt liquors, but not excluding drugs, medicines, cigars, snuff or tobacco, and whose annual sales exceed $1,000 and do not exceed

Retail liquor dealers, under which term is included every person other than a distiller or brewer who shall sell or offer for sale any distilled spirits, fermented liquors, or wine of any descri2:)tion in quantities of three gallons or less, and whose annual sales do not exceed $25,000 ; but nothing herein contained shall authorize the sale of any spirits, liquors, wines or malt liquors to be drunk on the premises. Provided, That no person licensed to keep a hotel, inn, or tavern shaVl be allowed to sell any liquors to be taken off th^ premises, and no person licensed to keep an eating- lioTise, shall be allowed to sell spiritnoiis or vinous liquors, and no person who has taken ont a license to keep a hotel, inn, tavern or eating-liouse shall be required to take ont a license as a tobacconist because of an}" tobacco or cigars furnished in the usual course of business as a keeper of a hotel, inn, tavern or eating-house, ----- $20 00

Rivets, exceeding one-fourth of one inch in diameter, iron, where the duty lias been paid on the material of which made, only an additional duty, per tun, - - - - 0 60

Tlieatres, under which term is included every place or edifice erected for the purpose of dramatic or operatic representations, j)lays or performances, and not including halls rented or used occasionally, for concerts or theatridSl representations, for each license, -_-_.. $100 00

Tobacconists, under which term is included every person who shall offer for sale, at retail, segars, snuff, or tobacco in any form (wholesale and retail dealers, keepers of hotels, inns -^ and taverns, or eating-houses, having taken out a license, are not required to take out a license as tobacconists), for each license, $10 00

Do., manufactured of all kinds, not including snuff, segars, or smoking tobacco, prepared with all the stems, or made exclusively of stems, per pound, - - - - 0 15

Stallions and Jacks, owners of, under which term is included every person who keeps a male horse or a jackass for the use of mares, requiring or receiving pay therefor, shall be required to take out a license under this act, which shall contain a brief description of the animal, its age, and place or places where used or to be used : Provided, That all accounts, notes, or demand for the use of any such horse or jack, without a license, as aforesaid, shall he invalid, and of no force in any court of law or equity, for license, - - $10 00 Starch, made of corn, per pound, ----- J i mills.

Steel, in ingots, bars, sheets or wire, not less than one- quarter of an inck in thickness, valued at 7 cents per pound or less, ]^er tun, $4 00

Do., used by distillers of apples and peaches may be licensed for the space of three months, upon paying for each license, for such time, 12 50

Sugar refiners, under which term is included every person whose business it is to advance the quality and value of sugar by melting and recrystalization, or by liquoring, claying, or any other washing process, or by any other chemical or mechanical means, or who shall advance the quality or value of molasses and concentrated molasses, melado or concentrated melado, by boiling or other process, on the gross amount of the sales of all the products of their manufactures, - - - - -IJ per ct.

Wholesale dealers, under which term is included every person whose business or occupation it is to sell or offer to sell any goods, wares or merchandize of foreign or domestic production, not including distilled spirits, fermented liquors or wines, but not excluding drugs, medicines, segars, snuff, or tobacco, whose annual sales exceed $25,000 and do not exceeding $50,000, for each license, - - - - 25 00

Licenses And Stamp Duties

"Wholesale dealers - The license required by any wholesale dealer, shall not be for a less amount than his sales for the previous year, unless he has made or proposes to. Jnake some change in his business that will obviously reduce the amount of his annual sales, nor shall any licensed or wholesale dealer allow any such person to act as commercial broker : Provided, That any license understated may be again assessed.

sell or offer for sale any distilled spirits, fermented liquors, and wines of all kinds, in quantities of more than three gallons at one time, or whose annual sales exceed shall $25,000, shall pay for each license the amount required for license to " Wholesale Dealers."

Time Arranged In Chronological Order

1606. A charter granted to a company in England for the settlement of Virginia, and a colony dispatched, who landed at JamestoiTn, and chose Edward Wingfield ruler.

1607. Soon after their arrival, Captain John Smith aod others visited the Dative chief, Powhatan, at his principal residence, near the present site of Richmond. - Wingfield was deposed, and Smith appointed in his place ; but he was soon after captured by the Indians, and detained among them for some time. He was about to be slain by the savages, when Pocahontas, a favorite daughter of Powhatan's, rushed between him and the clubs of his eneoQies, and finally saved his life.

1608. When Smith returned, he found the colonists in a very bad condition ; after alleviating it as far as practicable, he explored the Chesapeake Bay and its tributary rivers.

1610. In consequence of being injured by an explosion of powder, Capt. Smith returned to England, delagating his authority to George Percy. - Lord De la War arrived just as the colonist were about leaving for England, after having greatly suffered from disease and famine - A few Dutch traders settled in New Amsterdam, now New York City.

1611. Under the new governor, order and contentment were again restored ; but his health rapidly failing, he returned home, and Percy again administered the government until the arrival of Sir' Thomas Daly, by whom he" was superseded.

1612. The king granted the London Company another new charter, making important changes in the powers of the corporation, but not afiTecting the political rights of the colonists.

1613. John Rolfe, a young English officer, married Pocahontas, an event which had a beneficial influence on the relations of the colonists and Indians.

1614-16. Gov. Dale returned to England, after appointing George Yeardley in his place. The culture of tobacco was introduced, and soon became, not only the principal article of export, but even the currency of the colony. The Dutch began a settlement in Albany, N. Y.

1617. Yeardley was displaced for a short time by Argall, who ruled with such tyranny and injustice as led to the reinstatement of the former.

i620. In August, a Dutch man-of-war landed twenty negroes for sale at James town, which was the commencement of negro slavery in the colonies. - Ninety young women of respectable character were sent from England as wives fol the colonists, the prices for whom were fixed at from 120 to 150 pounds of tobacco. - Dec. 21, a body of Puritans, dissenters from the Church of England,^ landed at Plymouth, and commenced the settlement of New England.

lt)21. The London Company granted to the Virginia colony a written constitu- ;ion. - A treaty of friendship was concluded between the Puritans and the principal chief of the Massachusetts tribe (Massasoit) , and similar treaties concluded with other chiefs.

1622. April 1st, 347 men, women and children of the Virginia colony were savagely butchered by treacherous Indians; but Jamestown and the neighboring settlements were saved by the plot being revealed, the evening before its intended consummation, by a friendly Indian, thus patting the inhabitants

1623. Miles Standish saves the settlement of Weymouth, Mass., from destruction by the Indians^ and kills their chief. - Fir^t settlement formed at DoT^r, New Hampshire.

1637. The magistrates of the three infant towns of Connecticut - Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield - form^ally declared war against the Pequod [ndians,

1643. The colonies of Masachuselts, Connecticut, Plymouth, and New Haven, forai therniielvei into aue confederacy, by the name of '' United Colonies of New England."

1648. An individual accused of witchcraft was executed at Charlestown, and for several years after (until 1793) numerous others suffered imprisonment and death for the like alleged crime.

1656. First arrival of Quakers in Massachusetts, who were sent back to Eng land in the ve-^sela in which they came, and the four united colonies concurred in a law prohibiting their introduction ; notwithstanding all which, they continued to arrive.

1658. By advice of commissioners of the four colonies, the legisl -iture of Massachusetts denounced the punishment of death upon all Quakers- returning from banishment.

1660. Sir William Berkely elected Governor by the people-^f Virginia, but he afterwards disclaimed the authority to which he owed his elevation, and issued writs for an assembly in the name of King Charles II.

1661. Edward Wballey and William Goffe, two of the judges who had condemned Charles I. to death, arrived at Boston, and were kindly received by the people. Messengers were sent to arrest them, but they were concealed and ended their days in New England.

1664. An English force, sent to take possession of the whole territory from the Connecticut River to the shores of the Delaware, captured " New Amster dam '' from the Dutch, and changed its name to " New York."'

1Q73. The Virginians remonstrated against the nnjost taxation on their commercial business, but obtained no redress. - The Episcopal Church becama the religion of the Stale. A war having broke out between England and Holland, the Dutch reconquered New York, but it was again surrendered to the English the jear following.

1676. King Philip was shot by a faithless Indian of his own tribe, but this did not end the war, which was continued till 1678,. when a treaty of peace was concluded. - The people of Virginia, led by Nathaniel Bacon, took up arms in defence of their rights.

1677. Massachusetts purchased-the province of Maine from the heirs of Gorges* 1©>jO. Nevf Hampshire was separated from Massachusetts by a roynl commission, and made a royal province ; but the first law adopted by the legislature, which soon after met at Portsmouth, declared " That do act,iffipoBition, lav/, or ordinance, should be made or imposed upon them but such as should be made by the assembly, and approved by the President and Council."

1686. The charter government of Massachusetts was revoked, and the King appointed a President over the country from Narragansett to Nova Scotia,

1687. Governor Andros attempted to reclaim the charter granted to Connecticut, but it was secretly taken from the assembly chamber at. Hartford by Capt Wads worth while the subject was under discussion, and hidden in a hollow tree, since celebrated as the Charter Oak, which was an object of curiosity until 1856, when it was blown down.

1689. *' King William's Vv^ar" with Prance began, and was continued till 1697, during which ail the English colonies suffered by ravages of the French and Indians.

1690. The people of New Hampshire took the government into their own hands, and placed them^-elves under the prutev-.tion of Massachusetts. - The conquest of Canada was undertaken by the people. of New England and New York acting in concert. An armament, under Sir V/illianj Phipps, made an iinsuccessful demonstration against Quebec, and then returned to Boston. The first emission of bills of credit in the colonies was made by Massachi^isetts to defray the expenses of this expedition.

1741. A supposed negro plot occasioned great excitement in the city of New YfU'k, and between 30 and 40 persons were executed before it subsided. - The provinces of Massachusetts and New Hampshire were separated.

1744. " King George's War," which originated in European disputes relative to Austria, again gave the French and Indians many opportunities^of harassing the colonists. The most important event of the war in America was the siege and capture of Louisburg, which was restored to France in 1743 by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

J'754. *- The French and Indian War," arising from disputed claims to American territory by the English and Fiiench, again pli«nged the colonies; in difficulties, and materially injured their prosperity, until 1763, when ce.ice was concluded.

killed on the battle field, aad all the other French posts in Canada were cap tured soon after. 17o4. A resolution imposing certain stamp duties on the colonies was adopted by the House of Commons, but it did not become a law till next year.

1765. A general indignation spread through the colonies when it was known that the " Stamp Act " had passed. At Boston and Philadelphia the bella

. were muffled, and rung a funeral peai ; and at New York the Act was carried through the streets, with a death's-head affixed to it, and styled " The folly T)f England and the ruin of America." The stamps themselves, in many places, were seized and de^royed,andthe doctrine that England had no right to tax America was boldl^vowed. - The first Colonial Congress met in New York, nine colonies being represented, and agreed on a "Declaration of Eights," and other energetic measures

1767. Parliament passed a bill imposing a duty on glass, paper, painters' colors, and tea, which Ov;casioD~d as much excitement as the Stamp Act, and the colonial assemblies adoptea ii^pirited resolutions for j-esisting its operation.

1768. A vessel was seized by the custom houpe officers in Boston for violating some of the odious commercial restrictions, bufthe people compelled them to abandon their prize, and seek refuge in Castle William.

1770. In March, an affray occurred in Boston between some citizens and the soldiery stationed there, which produced a great sensation throughout Araeri' ca. - Parliament passed a bill repealinj^ all duties imposed by the act of 1767, except that on tea, ¥/bich they allowed the British East India Company to export to America, free from the duties which they had before paid in England^

1773. The ports of New York and Philadelphia were closed against vessels having cargoes of tea, and they were compelled to return to England. At Boston, a party of men, disguised as Indians, boarded several vessels, and broke open 342 chests of tea, which they emptied into the harbor in the presence of thousands of spectators.

1^74. Parliament papsed the Boston Port Bill, which forbade the landing and shippingof goods, wares, and merchandise at Boston. The provincial assembly resolved that " the impolicy, injustice, inhumanity, and cruelty of the act exceeded all their powers of expression."

^-775. An oppressive bill was passed by Parliament, restricting the commerce of all the provinces, except New York and North Carolina. The inhabitantg of Massachusetts were declared rebels, and 10,000 troops were ordered to America, to aid ':n reducing the rebellious colonies. - April 19. The first blood in the cause of Independence was shed at Lexington, about ten miles from Boston, where a riarty of militia intercepted a division of Ensrlish soldiers on their way to Concord for the purpose of destroying some military stores which the people had collected there. At Concord, a smart skirmish took place, and the British made a hasty retreat, after partially accomplishiug their object. - May 10. The Continental Congress assembled at Philadelphia, and, after electing John Hancock president of the body, among other important measures, voted to raise an army of 20.000 men. - June 17. A sanguinary battle took place on Breed's Hill, (generally now regarded as Bunker Hiil,) in which the British were severely cut up, but they finally gained possession of the hill, the Americans retiring across Charlestown Neck with inconsiderable loss. - July 12. Washington, having been appointed commander iachief, arrived at Cambridge, and entered upon his duties. - Georgia joined the confederation ; after which, the style of the ** Thirteen United Colonies " was adopted. - An unsuccessful attempt w^s made by the Americans for the conquest of Canada, in which Gen. Montgomery was killed during an assault on Quebec (Dec. 31), and a portion of his troops were taken prisoners.

the British left Boston on tlie 17th. - June 18. Canada evacuated by the American^. - July 4. The Declakation of Indepkndence, by the Continental Congress at Phil'^delpbia, was proclaimed, and hailed with gieat rejoicings. - August 27. Battle of Long Island, in which the Americans were defeated, but Washington made an admirable retreat to New York on the 29th, and thence across Jersey to Philadelphia, where Congress was in session. - Dec. 12. Congress adjourned to Baltimore, and soon after invested Washington with almost unlimited powers. - Dec. 26. Washington having imid great perils recrossed the Delaware on the previous night, surprised and saptured a large body of Hessians at Trenton, afiid returned to Pennsylvania, #lth his prisoners. - Dec. 28. Washington took=^ost at Trenton.

1 f7. Jan. 3. Finding himself nearly surrounded by a force far superior to Ms owi, Washington kindled his camp-fires as usual to deceive the enemy, and ihtzK by a circuitous route rapidly advanced upon Princeton, where he gained another important victory, - In the spring, the Marquis de la Fayette arrived ia Americ i from France, having fitted' ont a vessel at his own expense, and e^ilisted as a volunteer in the army of Washington, declining ail pay for his services ; but Congress, which had returned to Philadelphia, soon after appointed him a Major-General . - May G. Gen. Burgoyne, with a powerful force, designed to invade the States by the way of Lake Champlain and %he Hudson, arrivv-^d at Quebec ; and on the 16th of Jane he left St. Johns for rirown Point, whoro he established magazines. - June 30. The British army, c-nder General Hi^vve, passed over to Staten Island, leaving Washington in pussession of New Jersey. - July 5. Gen. St. Clair abandoned Ticonderoga, retreating before Burgoyne's forces, with whom be had a severe skirmish at Hubbardton, and finalij eucceedpd in joining Gen. Schuyler on the Hudson, having lost 200 pieces of artillery and a large quantity of stores. - July 10. Col. Barton, with about forty militia, seized the Commander of the Euglish forces in Rhode Island, (Major-General Prescott,) while in bed, and conducted him safely through his own troops and fleet back to the mainland. This heroic exploit not only cheered the American army, but secured an officer of equal rank to exchange for Gen. Lee. - August 16. Battle of Bennington, in which the Americans, led by Colore! Stark, obtained an important victory over Colonel B'ium, who had been eeat by General Burgoyne to seize some stores at that place. - Sept. 11. BaiMe of the Brandy wine, in which Count Pulaski, a brave Polander, 'vho had magnanimously joined the Americans, distinguished himself, and was soon afin promoted to the rank of brigadier, with the command of the cavalry. Gen. Lafayette was severely wounded while endeavoring to rally the fugitives.- - Sept. 13. Burgoyne crossed the Hudson with his v/hole army, and took a portion on the heights and plains of Saratoga. - Sept. 26. The British army, u^dor Gen. Howe, entered Philadelphia without further opposition, Con gresa having previously adjourned to Lancaster. - Oct. 4. Washingto*- attacked a large British force at Germantown, and was repulsed, with the loss of 1.200 men in killed, wounded, and prisoners. - Oct. 17. Bargoyne, finding himself surrounded, and despairing of reher', surrendered his array to Gen. Gates, who had recently been appointed to the command of the Northern division, whereby the Americans acquired a fine tra'n of brass artillery, 5,000 muskets, and immense quantities of other munitions of war. - Oct. 22. A plan of confederation was adopted by Congress, which, however, amounted to little more than a league of friend.^hip between the states. - Dec. 11. Washington retired into winter-quarters at Valley Forge.

1778, Tn February, Parliament passed two bills, virtually conceding all that had been the cause of controver.sy, and sent commissioners to adjust existing differences ; they attempted to gain their objects by private intrigue and bribery, which coming to the knowledge of Congress, that body declared it incompatible with their honor to hold any intercourse with them. - Feb. 6. France acknowledged the independence' of America, and concluded a treaty of alliance and commerce. - June 18. The Britiak army evacuated Philadei- phia, and retreated to New York, followed cautiously by Washington with the main body of his army. - June 28. Battle of Monmouth, in whioh th« British were sif^nally defeated with ^reat loss, and retreated to Sandy Hook, whence they were taken to New York by their fleet. - July 3 Wyoming was attacked by a large body of British, tories, and Indians, who, after the place had been surrendered, perpetrated the most inhuman atrocities: men, women, and children were shut up in the houses and barracks, and consumed in one general conflagration. - Dec. 29. An English army of 2,00(1 men landed near ISavannah, then defended by only GOO troops, and, after a severe battle, took* possession of the city, the Americans retreating.

779. May 11. Gen. Provost, with a large British force, having invested Charleston, summoned the city to surrender; but the approach of Gen. Lincoln, who had been appointed to the command of the southern army, compelled him to retreat. - July 5. Gen. Tryon made another descent on Connecticut, and plundered and burned the towns of New Haven, East Haven, Fairfield, and Norwalk. - July IG. Stony Point, which had been previously taken by the enemy, was gallantly recaptured by Gen. Wayne, the British losing upwards of GOO men in killed, wounded, and prisoners. - Sept. 23. One of the most bloody battles on record was fought on the coast of Scotland between the American frigate Bon Homm% Richard, Captain Paul Jones, and two British frigates, the Serapis and the Countess of Scarborough, which resulted in a victory for the Richard, which was so cut up, tha* she soon after sunk. Of a crew of 375, 300 were either killed or wounded. - Oct. 9, After a month's siege, a combined attack of the French and Americans, under Count D'Estaingand General Lincoln, was made on Savannah, but it proved unsuccessful, and Gen. Lincoln retired into S. Carolina, while Count D'Estaing withdrew his fleet from the American coast. Count Palahki was mortally wounded during the battle, and a monument has since been erected to his memory on the spot where he fell.

1780. Duiing the most of this year, military operations were confined to the Carolines. - April 9. Admiral' A rbuthnot, with a powerful fleet, which had transported Sir Henry Clinton with the bulk of his forces from New York to the South, anchored in Charleston harbor, and summoned the city to surrender. Ihis was rejected, and Gen. Lincoln and his troops made a gallant defence, until May 12, when, most of the fortifications having been beaten down, and the enemy being about to make an assault, a compliance was unavoidable, and the royal government was again established in South Carolina. - May 12. Charleston surrendered after more than a month's siege.- - July 10. A French squadron, under Admiral de Ternay, arrived at Newport, having on board 6,000 men, commanded by Count de Euchambeau. - August 16. Gen. Gates, who was advancing with a conj;iderable force for the relief of the South, encountered the British, under Lords Rawdou and Gornwalhs, near Camden, S. C, and after a desperate engagement, was compelled to draw off, with the loss of 1,000 men, and all his artillery, ammunition wagons, and most of his baggage. Baron de Kalb, second in command, was mortally wounded, dying on the 19th. - Sept. 23. Major Andre, adjutant-general of the British army, was arrested near Tarrytown, N.Y.,by three militiamen, John Paulding, David Williams, and Isaac Van Wert. He was returning from a visit to Gen. Arnold, then in command of West Point, with whom he had successfully negotiated for the surrender of that post. He was soon after tried, convicted, and executed as a spy, while the traitor Arnold unfortunately escaped. Being allowed to write to Arnold, that ofiicer of course found that his treason waa discovered, and precipitately fled on board the sloop of- war Vulture, thea lying in the Hudson.

1781. The traitor Arnold, as one of the rewards of his crime, was made a brigrdier in the British service, and early in January he made a descent upon vHrijinia, ravaging the coasts, and plundering and destroying, public and private property to a vast amount. - *J an. 17. The Engli-h cavalry, under CoL

Tarleton, were severely beaten at the Battle of Cowpens by the Americans, uader Gen. Morgan, and lost 300 ia killed and wounded, 500 prisoners, 100 horses, and a large quantity of baggage. Morgan's lo«s w^as 1 ^. men killed and 60 wounded. - Jan. 31. Gea. Greene, y/ ho had been appointed to supersede Gen. Gates in the South, arrived at Cheraw, and took command of Morgan's diviiion. - March 15. Gen. Greene encountered the army of Lord Cornwallis at Guilford Court House; but neither party gained a decided advantage, and Greene withdrev/ into South Carolina, encamping on Hobkirk's Hill, about a mile from Camden, v/here Lord Rawdon was then posted - April 25. Lord Rawdon made an attack on Hobkirk's Hill, but with so little success, 4bat he soon after evacuated Camden, and retired beyond the Santee River. - Oct. 8. The Americans and British, under Gen. Greene and Col, Stevrart, met at Eataw Springs, and a sanguinary conflict, Of nearly four hours, ensued ; when Greene drew'*off his troops, and Stewart retired to Monk's Corner. - Sept. 6. The traitor Arnold villanously, burned New London, and destroyed much private and public property indiscriminately. - Sept'. 30. The combined American and French army, under Washington and" Rochambeau. suddenly appeared before Yorktown, where Cornwallis had concentrated his forces, and immediately commenced the construction of batteries and other works for the effectual siege of that place. A French fleet, commanded 1^ Count de Grasse, had previously entered the Chesapeake, and, by blocking up James and York rivers, prevented the enemy's escape by sea. - Oct. 19. Finding retreat impossible, and resistance vaia, Cornwallis surrendered the post, and thus 7,000 troops and the shipping in the harbor were secured to the victors, and the revolutionary struggle virtually ended. - -Dec. 12. A resolution passed the British Hoase of Commons that those w^ho should advise the kiDg to continue the war in America, should be declared enemies of the sovereign and of the country.

1782. The independence of America was acknowledged by Holland, Sweden, Denmark, Spain, and Russia. - Early in May, Sir Guy Carleton, successor of Sir Henry Clinton as commander of all the forces in America, arrived in New York, with instructions to promote aa accommodation with the United States, and of course there were no subsequent military operations of importance. - Nov. 30. Preliminary articles of peace were signed at Paris by Mr. Oswald, comraisisoner on the part of Great Ik-itain. aiid by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and Henry Laurens, on the pait of the United States.

1783. April 19. On the eighth anniversary of the battle of Lexington, a cessation of hostilities was proclaimed in the Aineiican army. - Sept, 3.

. DeQuitive treaties of peace were signed by the commissioners of England with those ot the U;dted States, France, Spain, and Hoiii^nd. - Nov. 25. New York was ev.iCitated by the British troops. - Dqc. 4. vYaKhington took leave of the army, and the soldiers of the Revolution returned peaceably to their homes. - Dec. 23. V/ashington resigned his commission Id to the hands of Congress, then sitting at Annapolis, Md., and retired to private life.

Chronological History

1789. March 4. Congress assembled at New York, but did not organize till April 6. - April 30. George Washington was sworn into office as the first President, and John Adams as tne first Vice-President of the U. States.

790. In May, Rhode Island acceded to the Constitution. - Sept. 30. Gen. Harmer defeated by the Indians near Chilicothe. - Tiie first census completed, showing-nopulation, 3,921,326 revenue, $4,771,000 ; esports, $19,000,000 ; imports, $20,000,000.

791. Vermont, having acceded to the Constitution, was admitted into Union. - The first U. S, Bank was chartered by Congress, but not without powerful opposition.

793. April 22. President Washington issued a proclam-ation of neutrality in regard to the afiairs of France, which were beginning to affect American politics. - Washington and Adams were re-elected.

1794. Aug. 20. Gen. Wayne obtained so decisive a victory over the hostile Indians, as to produce a salutary effect anon all the- tribes north-west of the Ohio.

1796. Sept. 17. Washington signified his mtention to retire from public life, and published his Farewell Address. - Tennessee was admitted into the Union.

1800. The seat of government was transferred to Washington City. - Sept. 30. A treaty was concluded with the French Directory. - President Adanjs signed the alien and sedition laws.

1801. Thomas Jefferson was elected President, and Aaron Burr Vice-Presl" dent. - Congress declared war against Tripoli. - The second census was completed, and sho^-ed - population, 5,319,762 ; revenue, $12,945,000 ; exports* $94,000,000.

1803. Louisiana was purchased of the French by tbe United States for $15,000,000. - Com. Preble sailed with a sq«5iadron for Tripoli; the frigate Philadelphia got aground in the harbor, and was captured by the barbarians.

1804. Capt. Eaton was appointed navy agent for the Barbary powers. - Lieut- (afterwards Com.) Decatur recaptured and destroyed the frigate Philadelphia, under a terrific fire from the enemy's guns.

1-805. Thomas Jefferson was re-elected President, and George Clinton Vice- President. - Peace was concluded with Tripoli, and 200 prisoners were given up to the United States.

1806. England began to impress American seamen, on the plea of their having been born in that kingdom. - Nov. 21. Berlin decree issued by BonaparJe, crippiiiig American commerce.

1807. Aaron Burr, formerly Vice-President, was tried at Eichmond for high treason, but was acquitted, owing to the insufficiency of evidence.

1808. June 22. The American frigate Chesapeake was fired into by tbe British ship-of- war Leopard, for refusing to deliver up four men who wera claimed as English subject^ ; three men were killed and eightsen wounded. - In November, the Biiti&h government issued the celebrated '' Orders in Coun cii," prohibiting all trade with France and her allies ; and m Decemhe?, Bonaparte issued the retaliatorj '- Milan decree," forbidding ail trade with England and her colonies. - Dec. 22. Congress decreed an embargo, the design "of which was to retaliate on France and England for unjust commercial prohibitions.

1810. In November, all the hostile decrees of the French were revoked, and commercial intercourse with the United States was resumed; but those of England were not only continued, but ships of war were stationed near the j?rincipal American ports for the purpose of intercepting our merchantmen, which were captured, and sent to British ports as legal prizes.

1811. May 16. The British ship-of- war Little Belt, Capt. Bingham, was hailed in the evening on the coast of Virginia by the U. S. frigate President, Capt. Rodgers, but instead of receiving a satisfactory answer, a shot was fired in return, when a brief engagement followed, in which eleven of the enemy were killed and twenty-one wounded. The President had only one man wounded

1812. June 17. President Madison iBsued a proclamation of war agains England, and exertions were immedately made to enlist 25,000 men, to raise 60,000 volunteers, and to call out 100,000 militia.

1814. In August, Washington City surrendered to a British army, who destroyed theCapitol, President's Mansion, and many other valuable buildings, &c. - ^Dec. 2L Treaty of peace with Great Britain concluded at Ghent.

1815. Jan. 8. Battle of New Orleans, in which the British, under Sir E. Packenham were signally repulsed by the Americans, under Gen. Jackson.

1816. In April, Congress chartered the U. S. Bank, with a capital of $35, 000,000. - Indiana admitted into the Union. - American Colonization Society formed.

1817. March 4. James Monroe and Daniel D. Tompkins were inaugurated as Presidej^t and Vice-President. - Mississippi admitted into the Union,

1818. Seminole War, in which Gen. Jackson obtained many important victories, and finally *' conquered peace." - July 4. Ground first broken in New York for the Hudson and Erie Canal - Illinois and Alabama admitted into the Union.

1819. Feb. 23. The Floridas ceded by Spain to the United States for $5,000,000, which sum was to be paid to American citizens as indemnities for spoliations on their commerce during the Peninsular war.

1820. Maine and Missouri were admitted into the Union. - The Compromise Act passed, by which slavery was excluded fr^m all territory lying north of 36^ 30^ N. latitude.

1822. Ministers plenipotentiary sent to Mexico, Baenos Ayres, Colombia, and Ghili. - Convention of Navigation and Commerce between the United States and France. - Piracy was alarmingly prevalent in the West Indies.

1824. Aug. 15. Gen. Lafayette arrived in New York from France, and spent tbe year in traveling through che country, being received at every place with great enthusiasm.

1825. March 4. John Quincy Adams and John C. Calhoun inaugurated aa President and Vice-President, - Sept. 7. Gen, Lafayette embarked for France^ in the frigate Brandy wine, which had been fitted out expressly for his accom' modation,

1826. July 4. Centennial Anniversary of American Independence. - Remark" able coincidence in the death of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, eacho/ whom died that day.

Chronological History

1832. The Sacs, Foxes, Winnebagoes, and some other Indian tribes, under the Chief Black Hawk, made war on the north western frontier, but were soon brought to submission. - A Convention in South Carolina threatened to dissolve the Union, but the President issued a proclamation (Dec. 12) which allayed all apprehension of trouble.

1833. March 4. Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Baren were inaugurated as President and Vice President - the former re-elected. - The pubUc funds were removed from the U. S. Bank, which occasioned muoh excitement.

1835. The Florida War was commenced by Indian hostilities against the settlements. Dec. 24. Major Dade and upwards of 100 men were unexpectedly attacked, and all savagely butchered, except four, who were so horribly mangled that they died soon afterwards. On the same day, while Gen. Thompson and eight friends were dining together near Fort King, they were fired upon by a party of warriors under O.^ceola, and five out of the nine were killed and scalped. Gen. T.'a body was pierced by fifteen bullets.

1836. The Florida war was vigorously prosecuted by Generals Gaines, Clinch, Jesup, and Call, and several desperate battles were fought, but without any material advantage to the whites. - Arkansas was admitted into the Union.

1837. March 4. Great commercial distress prevailed, and nearly all the banks in the country suspended specie payments. - An extra session of Congress was held in September, but nothing was done, except authorizing the government to issue $10,090,000 ia Treasury notes. - Oct. 21. The Indian chief Osceola was captured, and died the following January. - Michigan was admitted into the Union.

1840. Geaeral Macomb, who took command of the army in Florida (numbering about 9,000), concluded a treaty of peace with several Indian chiefs. - The Independent Treasury Bill became a law.

1841. March 4. William H. Harri>;on and John Tyler were maugUrated a* President and VicePresidpnt. - April 4. President Harrison died, and was succeeded by M'r. Tyler. - May 31. An extra session of Congress convened, bat they did little, except to pass the Bankrupt Bill.

1845. March 4. James K. Polk i\.n<i George M. Dallas were ioaugarated aa Presideat and Vice-President. - Texas was annexed to the United States, and this led to a War with Mexico, which resulted in a series of brilliant victories, and in the extension of America^ territory on the Pacific ocean. Florida waa admitted into the Union.

1850. July 9. President Taylor died, after a very brief illness, and was succeeded by Mr. Fillmore. - Sept. 18. Fugitive Slave Law approved. - California admitted into the Union.

1853. Franklin Pierce and William R King, having been elected President and Vice-President, the former was duly inaugurated, but the latter, being absent in Cuba, whither he had gon^ for the benefit of his health, was not sworn into office until some time in April. He did not live long after reachiag home, and Jesse I). Brighr, President of the Senate, assumed his office during the remainder of the temi.

1857. James Buchanan and John C. Breckinridge inaugurated as President and Vice-President of the United States. - A year of severe embarrassments and financial distress throughout the country. Nearly all the Banks in the United States suspended specie payments, as in 1837, and many heavy failures occurred. - Minnesota admitted into the Union.

Nov. §. The election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin as President and Vice President of the United States, announced at Washington. - 9-11. James Chesnut, Jr., and James H. Hammond, U. S. Senators from South Carolina, resigned their seats in the Senate.

Dec. 3. The Second Session of the 36th Congress opened at Washington. - 10. U. S. House of Representatives appointed a Committee of 33 on the State of the Union. - Howell Cobb, of Georgia, Secretary U. S. Treasury, resigned his office. John A. Dix, of New York, appointed his successor. - 14. Lewis Cass, of Michigan, Secretary of State, resigned. - 20. The South Carolina *' Ordinance of Secession " passed. - 23. Discovery of a large embezzlement of the Indian Trust Funds, in charge of Jacob Thompson, Secretary of the Department of the Interior. - 24. Resignation of the South Carolina Representatives in Congress, - 26. Major Anderson removed his command from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumpter. - Messrs. Barnwell, Orr, and Adams, Commissioners appomted by South Carolina to treat with the Federal Government, arrived at Washington. - 27. Captain N. L. Coste, U. S. R. service, in command of the cutter William Aiken, betrayed his vessel into the hands of the State authorities of South CaroHna. - 28. The palmetto flag raised over the custom-house and postoffice in Charleston, S. C, and Castle Pinckney and Fort Moultrie occupied by the South Carolina Military. - 29. John B. Floyd resigned his position as Secretary of War. - 30. South Carolina troops take possession of the U. S. Arsenal at Charleston, containing many thousand stand of arms and valuable military stores.

1861. Jan 3. Fort Pulaski, at Savannah, Ga., taken possession of by Georgia troops. - South Carolina Commissioners left V/ashington for Charleston, the President declining to receive any otlicial communication from them. - - 4. United States Arsenal at Mobile seized by secessionists. No defence. - Fort Morgan, at the entrance of Mobile Bay, taken by Alabama troops. - - 8. Jacob Thompson resigned his place in the Cabinet, as Secretary of the Interior. - United States sub-Treasury at Charleston seized. - 9. Mississippi Ordinance of Secession passed. - Steamship Star of the West, with

- supplies for Fort Sumter, fired into from Morris Island and Fort Moultrie, and driven from Charleston harbor. - 11. Louisiana State troops, under Captain Bradford, took possession of the U. S. marine hospital, two miles below New Orleans. - Florida Convention adopted an Ordinance of Secession by a vote of 62 to 7. - Alabama Convention adopted an Ordinance of Secession by a vote of 61 to 39. - 12. Fort Barrancas and the Navy Yard at Pensacola, Fla., seized by rebel troops. - 15. Col. Hayne, Commissioner from South Carolina to Washington, demanded the withdrawal of the garrison of Fort Sumter. - U. S. coast survey schooner Dana seized by Florida State authorities. - 19. Convention of Georgia adopted a secession ordinance by a vote of 208 to 89. - 21. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, withdrew from U. S. Senate. - 24. U. S- arsenal at Augusta, Ga., surrendered to the State authorities. - 26. Louisiana State Convention passed an Ordinance of Secession by a vote of 113 to 17.-29. U. S. revenue cutter Robert McClelland, Captain Breshwood, surrendered to State of Louisiana. - Secretary Dix's dispatch to Hemphill Jones at New

Orleans, ** If any one attempts to haul down the American Hag, shoot him on the spot." - 31. South Carolina authorities ofier to buy Fort Sumter. - U. S. branch mint and custom-house at New Orleans seized by State authorities.

Feb. 1. Texas Convention at Galveston passed an Ordinance of Secession, to be voted on by the people on the 23*d of February, and to take etfect March 2. - U. S. revenue cutter Lewis Cass, Captain Morrison, surrendered to the State of Louisiana. - 8. Congress at Montgomery adopted a Constitution for a provisional government, Jefferson Davis, President; Alex. H. Stephens, Vice President. - U. S. arsenal at Little Rock, Ark., with 9,000 stand of arms and 40 cannon, &c., surrendered to State authorities. - 13. The election of Lincoln and Hamlin, as President and Vice President of the United States, formally declared in the Senate by John C. Breckinridge, Yice President. - 18. jefiferson Davis inaugurated President of the Southern Confederacy. - 23. U. S. property to a great amount, together with various army posts in Texas, surrendered to the rebels by General Twiggs. Property valued at $1,500,000, besides buildings. - 27. Peace Convention, at Washington, submitted to the Senate a plan of adjustment of the national difficulties, involving seven amendments to the Constitution.

March 1. General Twiggs expelled from the army of the United States. - 2. Revenue cutter Dodge seized in Galveston Bay by Texas authorities. - 4. Abraham Lincoln inaugurated 16th President of the United States, at Washington. - A State Convention declared Texas out of the Union. --5 Gen. P. T; Beauregard took command of the forces investing Fort Sumter, S. C. - 6. Fort Brown, Texas, surrendered to State troo^. - 18. Supplies cut ofif from Fort Pickens and the Federal fleet in the Gulf of Mexico, by rebel authorities at Pensacola. - 20. Sloop Isabel, at Pensacola, with provisions for the Federal fleet, seized by the rebels. - 80. Mississippi State Convention ratified the Constitution of the C. S., by a vote of 78 to 7.

April 3. .South Carolina Convention ratified the Constitution of the C' S. by a vote of 114 to 16. - Militia organized in District of Columbia for defence of the capital. - 12. Attack on Fort Sumter. - Reinforcement of Fort Pickens. - 14. Evacuation of Fort Sumter. - 15. Seventeen vessels from Southern ports, without U, S. clearances, seized at New York and fined $100 each. - President's proclamation, calling for 75,000 volunteers to suppress insurrection, and also calling an extra session of U. S. Congress on July 4. - 16. The government of the Southern Confederacy call for 32,000 men. - New York Legislature appropriated $3,000,000 for war purposes. - 17. State Convention ofYa.,in secret session, passed an ordinance of secession. - 18. 500 volunteers from Pennsylvania, and 300 regulars, arrived at Washington. - Lieut. Jones, in charge of Harper's Ferry arsenal, hearing of the advance of a large Yirginia force to seize the establishment, set fire to it, and retreated to Carlisle, Pa. - 19. Seizure of the U. S. transport Star of the West, at Indianola, by Texas troops. - Sixth Massachusetts regiment, on its way to Washington, attacked by a nxob in Baltimore, and 3 killed and 7 wounded. In defending themselves, 7 rebels were killed and 8 vvounded. - Clearances refused to vessels in northern ports to ports south of Maryland. - 20. 600 kegs of gunpowder, destined for New Orleans, seized, by the U. S. Marshal at New York. - U. S. arsenal at Liberty, Mo., seized. - Steamship Star of the West, having been seized by secessionists, was taken into New Orleans. - The ports of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas ordered to be blockaded by the President. - Bridges on Pennsylvania Northern and Philadelphia Railway, near Baltimore, burned by a mob from that city. - 21. Gospcrt Navy'^Yard, opposite Norfolk, Ya.,''set on fire, and vessels scuttled and sunk, by U. S. ofiicers in charge. - Branch Mint of the U. S. at Charlotte, N. C, seized by order of the Governor. - Philadelphia and Baltimore Railway taken possession of by U. S.

government. - 22. U. S. arsenal at Fayetteville, JN'. C, containing 87,000 stand of arms, 3,000 kegs of powder, and a large quantity of shot and shell, seized by State authority. - Depot of U. S. stores at Napoleon, Ark., seized under orders of Henry M. Rector, Governor of that State. - Embargo laid, by the Mayor and Police Board of Baltimore, on provisions and steamboats, thus withholding the government stores in that city. - 24. Fort Smith, Ark., seized by a rebel force under Col. Borland. - 25. A large amount of arms removed to Alton, 111., from St. Louis arsenal, by Illinois volunteers. - Col. Van Dorn, of Texas State troops, captured 450 U. S. troops at Saluria. - Gov. Letcher, of Va., by proclamation, transferred that commonwealth to the Southern Confederacy. - 26. Gov. Brown, of Georgia, by proclamation, prohibited the payment of all debts to Northern creditors till the end of hostilities. - Bridges over Gunpowder Creek, on Philadelphia and Baltimore Railway, and bridge over Bush River, on the same route, destroyed by the rebels. - 27. Military Department of Washington assigned to Col. Mansfield ; Department of Annapolis to Gen. Butler ; Department of Pennsylvania to Maj. Gen. Patterson. - Five men arrested at the Navy Yard, Washington, for filling bombshells with sand and sawdust. - A number of Southerners employed in the Departments at Washington refused the oath of allegiance prescribed by the Government, and resigned. - The ports of Virginia and North Carolina were included in the blockade by the President. - 29. Secession defeated in Maryland House of Delegates by a vote of 53 to 13. May 2. Col. F. P. Blair, Jr., announced that the four regiments called for from the State of Missouri, by the President, were enrolled, armed, and mustered into the service within one week from the call. - 3. Gov. Jackson, of Missouri, in a message to the legislature, recommended arming the State, and a union of sympathy and destiny with the slaveholding States. - President Lincoln issued a proclamation calling into service 42,000 volunteers for three years, and directing the increase of the regular army and navy of the United States. - Privateer Savannah captured by the U. S. brig Perry. - 6. The six regiments called for from Indiana, were mustered into service in one week from date of the call. - Virginia admitted into the Southern Confederacy in secret session of Confederate Congress. - Police Commissioners of St. Louis, Mo., demanded of Capt. Lyon the removal of U. S. troops from all places and buildings occupied by them in that city outside the Arsenal grounds. - Confederate States Congress recognized war with United States, and authorized issue of letters of marque and reprisal. - Legislature of Arkansas passed an unconditional ordmance of secession, G9 to 1. - 7. Command of Kentucky State military assigned to Maj. Anderson. - League between Tennessee authorities and Confederate States. - Fort Davis, Texas, taken possession of by rebels. - 9. The Confederate Congress authorized President Davis to raise such force for the ;tvar as he should deem expedient. - U. S. ships Cumberland, Pawnee, Monticello and Yankee, enforcing the blockade off Fortress Monroe. - Steamers Philadelphia, Baltimore, Powhatan and Mount Vernon, armed by U. S. Government, cruising on the Potomac. - Virginians have batteries in Norfolk harbor, at Craney Island, Sandy Point, the Hospital, Fort Norfolk, and the Bluffs. - 10. Maj. Gen. R. E. Lee appointed to command the rebel forces in Virginia. - Maj. -Gen. Mc- Clellan appointed to command the Department of Ohio. - The President directed that all officers in the army snould take anew the oath of allegiance to the United States. - The secession military, under Gen. Frost, at St. Louis, Mo., surrendered to Capt. Lyon, commanding U. S. forces. A mob assailed the U. S. military after the surrender, and were fired on by them, and many killed and wounded. - The Winans steam gun captured by Gen. Butler, three miles from the Relay House, Md. - 11. U. S. steam frigate Niagara off Charleston, S. C, began the blockade of that port. - 14. Gen. Butler seized a large quantity of arms stored in Balti more, and a schooner loaded with arms. - 15. A proclamation ot neutrality with respect to the civil war in the U. S. was issued by Queen Victoria, in which the subjects of Great Britain were forbidden to take part in the contest, or endeavor to break a blockade " lawfully and effectusily established." - The town of Potosi, Washington co., Mo., taken possession of by fJ. S. troops, and rebel prisoners and munitions of war taken to 8t, Louis. - 16. Gen. Butler appointed Maj.-Gen. of Volunteers. - 18, Arkansas admitted to the Southern Confederacy. - Military Department of Virgmia organized, embracing E. Virginia, N. Carolina and Tennessee, Maj.^Gcn. Butler in command. - 19. Shots exchanged between U. S. steamers Freeborn and Monticello, and the rebel battery at Sewall's l*oint, Va. - Eight thousand rebel troops at Harper's Ferry. - 20. Seizure by the Government of principal telegraph offices throughout the free States, and of tiie accumulated dispatches for twelve months. - Ordinance of secession passed by North Carolina State Convention. - Seizure of 1,600 muskets and 4,000 pikes by Federal troops in Baltimore. - Gen, CadwaUader, successor to Gen. Butler, occupied Federal Hill, Baltimore. - Fort McHenry reinforced. - 22. Erection of rebel batteries at Aquia Creek. - Fort at Ship Island, Miss., destroyed to prevent its falling into rebel hands. - 23. A battery of Whitv/orth guns, 12-pounders, arrived in N.Y. city, a present to the Government from patriotic Americans abroad. - At Clarksburgh, Harrison co., Va., two companies of secession troops surrender. - 24. - All vessels from the Northern States which arrived at New Orleans after the 6th inst., were seized by the Confederate States Marshal. - Assassination of Col. Ellsworth, at Alexandria, Va, - 25. Destruction of seven bridges and five miles of rails from Alexandria to Leesburgh, Va., by the 69th N. Y. S. M. - 26. Confederate privateer Calhoun arrived at New Orleans with three whaling vessels and cargoes as prizes. - 27. U. S. steamer Brooklyn commenced the blockade of the Mississippi river. - Brig.-Gen. McDowell took coinmand of the Federal forces in Virginia. - The blockade of Mobile, Ala., commenced. - 28. Blockade of Savannah initiated by U. S. gunboat Union. - The rebels erected barricades at Harper's Ferry and Point of Rocks ; Manasses Junction fortified. - 81. Steamers Freeborn and Anacosta attacked rebel batteries at Aquia Creek, Va. - Gen. Harney superseded by Gen. Lyon in Missouri. - Gens. Banks and Fremont commissioned as Major-Generals. June 1. British Government prohibited U. S. and rebel armed vessels from bringing any prizes to British ports. - Charge of U. S. cavalry at Fairfax Court House, Va., Jjieut. Tompkins. - 2. Federal batteries erected at the Rip Raps, near Fortress Monroe. - 3. Gen. Beauregard took command of rebel forces at Mana»^es Junction. - Surprise of rebel troops at Philippi, Va., by U. S. forces under Cols. Dumont, Kelly and Lander. - Hon. Stephen A. Douglas died at Chicago. - 4. Chief-Justice Taney's protests against the suspension of the liabeas corpus by the President. - 5. Gun factory and arms of Merrill and Thomas, Baltimore, seized by U. S. Government. - 6. Gov. Pickens, of S. C, forbade the remittance of funds to Northern creditors. - Thirty-five Virginia cavalry captured at Alexandria. - Secession camp at Ellicott's Mills, Ky., broken up by troops under Gen. Prentiss. - 8. Bridges at Point of Rocks and Berlin, on the Potomac river, burned by order of rebel Gen. Johnston. - Four bridges on the Alexandria and Hampshire Railway, Va., burned by rebel troops. - Seizure of arms at Easton, Md., by U. S. troops. - Vote of Tennessee in favor of secession. - 10. Gen. Banks assumed command in Baltimore. - Repulse of Federal troops at Great Bethel, near Fortress Monroe. - 11. Surprise and route of armed rebels at Romney, Va., by Col. Wallace's Indiana regiment. - 12. Gov. Jackson, of Missouri, issued a proclamation calling 50,000 State militia into service, to protect the " lives, liberty and pioperiy ot the citizens of the State." - West Virginia State Convention t-esolved to elect loyal State ofiacers. - 13. Skirmish at Seneca Mills, on the Potomac, 28 miles above Washington. - 14. Gen. J. A. I)ix, of New York, appointed Maj.-Gen. of U. S. Volunteers. - Harper's Ferry evacuated by the rebel forces. - Maryland election resulted in the triumph of all the Union candidates but Winter Davis. - 15. Jeiferson City^Mo., occupied by U. S. troops, under Gen. Lyon. - 16. Skirmish at Seneca Mills, Md. - 17. Skirmish at Edward's Ferry, on the Potomac, between the 1st Pennsvlvania reaciment and a body of rebels, - Surprise at Vienna, Va. First Ohio regiment tire'd into by a masked battery, 8 killed, 6 wounded, - Western Virginia Convention unanimously declared their independence of the Eastern section of the State. - Rebel forces at Booneviile, Mo., defeated by Gen Lyon. 35 rebels killed or wounded, and 30 prisoners. Federal loss, 2 killed and 8 wounded. - 18. First balloon ascension for U. S. military purposes, by Prof. Lowe, at Washington. - Surprise of 800 Union Home Guards, under Capt. Cook, at Camp Cole, Mo. 25 killed, 52 wounded, 23 prisoners ; 45 of the enemy killed or wounded. - Thirty-five rebels, with arms and ammunition, captured at Liberty, Mo. - Railway bridge over New Creek, Va., burned by rebels. - 20. Senator Lane, of Kansas, appointed brigadier-general. - General McClellan took command of the Federal army in Western Virginia. - 23. Forty-eight locomotives, and a large quantity of other railway property of the Baltimore and Ohio Railway, destroyed by rebels at Martinsburgh, Va. - 24. Riot in Milwaukee, Wis., occasioned by the banks refusing to receive on deposit certain bills comprising an important part of the currency, and their consequent depreciation. - Rebel batteries at Mathias Point, Va., shelled by U. S. steamers Pawnee and Freeborn. - Engagement of U. S. steamer Monticello with rebels at Carter's Creek, Va. - Secession of Tennessee proclaimed by Gov. Harris. Vote, 104,913 for, to 47,238 against. - 25. Virginia vote announced to be 128,884 for, and 32^134 against secession. - Western Virginia government recognized by the President. - 26. Brilliant skirmish of Corp. Hayes and 12 men of Col. Wallace's Indiana regiment, scouting on Patterson Creek, Md. - 27. John C. Fremont arrived at Boston from Liverpool, bringing a large quantity of arms for the government. - Marshal Kane, of Baltimore, arrested by order of Gen. Banks, and John R. Kenly appointed provost marshal. - Engagement between gunboat Freeborn and rebel batteries at Mathias Point. Captain Ward of the Freeborn killed. - Cols. Magruderand Hardee appointed brigadier-generaia in Confederate army. - 28. Skirmish at Shorter's Hill, Va. - 29. Steamer St. Nicholas and three brigs captured by secessionists on the Chesapeake. July 1. Skirmish at Farmington, Mo. - 2. Rebels driven from Martinsburgh,- Va., by Abercrombie's brigade. Union loss, 3 killed and 10 wounded ; rebel loss, 30 killed and wounded, 20 prisoners. - 4. U. S. Congress met in special session. - Passenger trains on Louisville and Nashville railway seized by rebels. - Skirmish at Harper's Ferry between N. Y. 9th and rebels. - Rebel battery erected at Mathias Point, Va. - 5. Battle at Carthage, Mo. Union forces, under Col. Si<>el, 1,500 ; rebels, 4,000. Union loss, 13 killed and 31 wounded ; rebel loss, 250 killed and wounded. - Skirmish at Newport News, Va., between a detachment of Hawkins' Zouaves and rebels. - 6. Skirmish of 45 men, 8d Ohio, at Middle F^ork Bridge, 12 miles east of Buckhannon,-Va. - Western Military Department constituted : Illinois, and the States and Territories west of the Mississippi to the Rocky Mountains, including New Mexico, Maj.-Gen. Fremont commanding. - 7. U. S. steamer South Carolina captured or destroyed 11 vessels off Galveston. - Skirmish at Great Falls, Va. - 8. Skirmish at Bealington, Western Va., 14th Ohio, and 7th and 9th Indiana, and Col. Barnett's 1st Ohio battery. Rebels defeated with loss of 20 killed, 40 wounded ; Union loss, 2 killed, G wounded. - 10. Loan bill passed by House of Representatives, authorizing the SecreJrjEiry of the Treasury to borrow $250,000,000, redeemable in 20 years. - Bill author- izing $500,000,000 and 500,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion, passed the Senate. - House of Representatives empowered the President to close the ports of seceded States. - Skirmish at Monroe Station, Mo. - Skirmish at Laurel Hill, Va., Cols. McCook and Andrews. - 11. Battle of Rich Mountain, Va. Defeat of the rebels under Col. Pegram, 60 killed, 150 wounded, and 150 prisoners. Capture of 200 tents, 60 wagons, 6 cannon, and other stores. Union loss, 11 killed and 35 wounded. - 12. Fight at Barboursville, Va. Six companies of Col. Woodruff''s 2d Kentucky attack and defeat 600 rebels. - 600 rebels, under Col. Pegram, surrendered to Gen. McClellan, at Beverlj, Va. - Twelve of Col. Bendix's N. Y. regiment captured at Newport News. - 13. Battle of Carrick's Ford, Va., and

- death of Gen. Garnett, rebel commander. Defeat of the rebels with^a loss of 150 killed and wounded, and 800 prisoners. Federal loss 13 killed, 40 wounded. - 15. Skirmish at Bunker Hill, Va. Rout of rebel cavalry by fire of R. I. battery. - 16. Railway cars, containing Union troops, fired into at Millsville, Mo. 8 soldiers killed, 7 wounded ; 7 rebels killed. - Bill authorizing the President to call out militia to suppress the rebellion, passed the House of Representatives, and the bill to accept services of 500,000 volunteers. - Tilghman, a negro, killed 3 of a rebel prize crew on the schooner S. J. Waring, and brought the vessel into New York on the 22d. - 17. Battle at Scarytown, Va. Repulse of Federals with loss of 9 killed, 33 wounded, and 9 missing. 3 Federal colonels and 2 captains cap-

- tured. - Skirmish at Fulton, Mo. - 18. Kansas City, Mo., Home Guards under Major Van Horn, attacked near Harrison ville ; rebels defeated. - Battle at Blackburn's Ford. Attack on the rebel entrenchments at Bull Run by a portion of Gen. Tyler's division, repulsed with a loss of 83 men killed, wounded and missing. "Rebel loss, 68 killed and wounded. - 19. Six Federal officers, near Hampton, Va., fired on by rebels in ambush. Major Rawlings killed, and Lieut. Johnson and Mr. Shurtlifie wounded and captured. - By Gen. Order No. 46 of War Department, Maj.-Gen. Patterson v/as honorably discharged, and Maj.-Gen. Banks appointed his successor in the Department of the *' Shenandoah ; " Gen. Dix appointed to succeed Gen. Banks in the Department of Maryland. - The Captain-General of Cuba liberated all the vessels brought into Cuban ports by privateer Sumter as prizes. - 20. Rebel Congress met at Richmond, Va. - 21. Battle of Bull Run, Gen. McDowell. After a desperate struggle, the Union forces were routed, with a loss of 481 killed, 1,011 wounded, 1,216 missing. Rebel loss, 393 killed, 1,200 wounded. - 22. Brig. -Gen. Beauregard promoted to the rank of *' General " in the rebel army, the highest grade. - 22. Maj.-Gen. McClellan assigned to command the Department of the Potomac. - Rebels attacked and dispersed at Forsyth, Mo. - 24. Naval expedition from Fortress Monroe to Black river, by Lieut. Crosby and 3U0 men. Nine sloops and schooners of the rebels burnt. - U. S. steamer Resolute, Lieut. Budd, brought two schooners and one sloop prizes to Washington. - Gen. Mc- Clellan arrived at Washington, and Gen. Fremont at St. Louis, and Gen. Banks at Harper's Ferry, to take charge of their respective departments. - 26. Skirmish at Lane's Prairie, Mo. - Three rebels captured by Col. McLeod Murphy, of New York, in Virginia, scouting alone. - 28. A detachment of Col. Mulligan's Chicago regiment, aided by Home Guards, captured 28 rebels, 40 horses and 2 teams, at Hickory Hill, Mo. - 29. A rebel battery at Aquia Creek, Va., engaged by four U. S. steamers for three hours, with slight damage. - 30. Three hundred kegs of powder and six cannon captured from the rebels near Warsaw, Mo. - The Confederate forces occupy New Madrid, Mo. - 30-31. Missouri State Convention abolished the State Legislature, declared the offices of Governor, Lieut.-Gov. and Sec. of State vacant, appointed special state ofiicers, and provided for a special election by the people in Aug. 1862.

surrendered by Major Lynde, U. S. A. Schooner Enchantress, with a valuable cargo, recaptured by U. S. steamer Albatross, Captain Prentiss, off Charleston, S. C - Defeat of rebel forces at Dug Spring, Mo., by Gen. Lyon. Federal loss, 9 killed, 30 wounded. Rebel loss, 40 killed, 80 wounded. - Lieut.-Col. Baylor, commanding the rebel forces in Arizona, issued a proclamation taking possession of New Mexico, in the name of the Confederate States, declaring all Federal offices vacant, and appointing a secretary, attorney-general and other officers. Skirmish at Mesila, N. M. - 5. The bark Alyarado, having a rebel prize crew, chased ashore near Fernandina, Fla., and burned by sailors from U. S. ship Vincennes. - Skirmish at Point of Rocks, Md. Sixty men of New York 28th attacked rebel cavalry, killing 3, wounding 2 and capturing 7 men and 20 horses, without loss themselves. - Skirmish at Athens, Mo. 300 Home Guards, under Col. Moore, defeated a force of 1,000 rebels, killing 23 and wounding 50. 10 Federals killed and 10 wounded. - Election in Kentucky for members of the Legislature, the returns showing a large Union majority. - 6. Adjournment sine die of Special Congress at Washington. - 7. The village of Hampton, Va., burned by rebel forces under Gen. Magruder. - The privateer York burned by gunboat Union, which also recaptured the schooner G. V. Baker. - 8. Rebel cavalry routed at Lorrettsville, Va., with loss of 1 killed and 5 wounded, by 100 men of 19th N. Y., under Capt. Kennedy. - 9. Skirmish at Potosi, Mo. - 10. Battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo. Gen. Lyon, with 5,200 men, was defeated by the combined forces of Gens. Price and McCulloch, 20,000. Gen. Lyon was killed. Federal loss, 223 killed, 721 wounded, 292 missing. Rebel loss, 265 killed, 800 wounded, 30 missing. - 12. C. J. Faulkener, ex-minister of U. S. to France, arrested on a charge of treason. - 13. Skirmish near Grafton, Ya. 200 rebels routed, 21 killed and wounded, by Capt. Dayton's company of 4th Virginia. - 14. Gen. Fremont declares martial law in St. Louis, Mo. - All loyal men notified by Jeff. Davis to leave the Confederate States in 40 days. - 15. Skirmish at Mathias Point, Va. - 16. Col. Hecker's regiment surprised 400 rebels at Fredericktown, Mo., capturing 12 men and all the camp equipage. - $58,000 seized by U.S. troops at Genevieve, Mo., and taken to St. Louis - Proclamation of President Lincoln, declaring commercial intercourse with the eleven States in rebellion unlawful, excepting such parts thereof as have or may become restored to loyal government, and forfeiting all vessels therefrom or bound to the same, after 15 days. - 17. Railway train near Palmyra, Mo., fired into by rebels. - 18. Gen. Wool assumed command at Fortress Monroe. - 19. Skirmish a*t Charleston, Mo. Two hundred and fifty of 22d Hlinois, under Col. Dougherty, and Lieut.-Col. Ransom of 11th Hlinois defeated 300 rebels under Col. Hunter of Jeff. Thompson's army. 20 rebels killed and wounded, and 17 prisoners taken. - *' Passports" required, by notice from the Department of Stale, from all persons leaving or arriving within the United States. - 20. Skirmish at Hawk's Nest, in the Kanawha Valley, Va. A body of rebels attacked the 11th Ohio, but were driven back with loss. - The Wheeling, (Va.,) Convention passed an ordinance to erect a new State, to be called Kanawha. - A railway train from Jefferson City, Mo., fired into by rebels. - Gen. McClellan assumed command of the army of the Potomac. - Gen. Butler assumed command of U. S. Volunteer forces near fortress Monroe. - 21. Surprise of part of company K, Ohio 7th, near Cross Lane, W. Virginia, 2 killed and 9 wounded. - 22. Steamer " Samuel Orr" seized at Paducah, Ky., by rebels. - 24. A portion of the Cherokee Indians made an alliance with the " Southern Confederacy." The Cherokees anjj Creeks raised 2,000 men for the rebel army. - 25. A band of rebels at Wayne Court-House, Va., routed by 53 Federals under Capt. Smith. - All vessels and boats on the Potomac seized by Government authorities. - 26. Surprise of 7th Ohio, Col. Tyler, at Cross Lanes, near Summersyille, W. Virginia, by a large force of rebels. - The War

Department prohibited the transmission or publication of any intelli gence of am y or naval movements calculated to give information to the enemy. - The Postmaster-General directed postal agents to arrest express agents or others engaged in transmitting letters to seceded States in violation of the President's proclamation of 16th inst. - Com. Foote ordered to the command of U. S. naval forces on the Western waters. - A naval and military expedition to N. Carolina coast sailed from Hampton Roads, Va., under command of Com. Stringham and Maj.-Gen. Butler. - Skirmish of two companies of N. Y. 23d, with a large force of rebels at Ball's Cross Roads, Va. - 28. A party of Federal troops under Capt. Smith, attacked and dispersed a force of rebels at Wayne Court- House, W. Virginia. - 28-29. Bombardment and capture of Forts Hatteras and Clark, at Hatteras Inlet, N. C. 30 pieces of cannon, 1,000 stand of arms, 3 vessels with valuable cargoes, and 750 prisoners taken. ^29. Fight at Lexington, Mo. The rebels driven off with loss of 8 killed and several wounded. - 30. Martial law proclaimed throughout Missouri, by Gen. Fremont, and the slaves of all persons found in arms against the U. S. declared free. September 1. - Skirmish at Bennett's Mills, Mo. - Fight at Boone Court- House, Va. Rebels defeated, with a loss of 30. - 2. Fight near Fort Scott, Mo. - The Mass. 13th captured 20 Charleston, S. C, cavalry, aftdr killing 3 and wounding 5, 2i miles from Harper's Ferry. - Col. Grossman, of Gen. Kelly's staff, with two companies, attacked 400 rebels, at Worthington, Marion co., Va., by whom he was repulsed. - 3. Passenger train on the Hannibal and St. Joseph railway. Mo., thrown into the Platte river, by the giving way of a bridge, partly burned by the rebels. 17 persons were killed and 60 wounded. - 4. Engagement on the Mississippi river, near Hickman, Ky., between national gunboats Tyler and Lexington and the rebel gunboat Yankee and shore batteries. - 6. Paducah, Ky., occupied by Federal forces under Gen. Grant. - 7. Gens. Pillow and Polk occupied Columbus, Ky., with 7,000 rebels. - Five schooners captured by Federal officei's at Hatteras Inlet. - 8. General Pope broke up a camp of 3,000 rebels near Hunneville, Mo. - 9. A government steamer conveying prisoners from Lexington, Mo., to Fort Leavenworth, broke her rudder, vessel seized by the rebels. - 10. Battle of Carnifex Ferry, near Summersville, Va. Federal loss, 16 killed, 102 wounded. - 11. Skirmish at Lewinsville, Va. Federal loss, 6 killed, 10 wounded. - The Kentucky Legislature, by a vote of 71 to 26, ordered the Confederate troops to leave the State. - 12. A rebel camp at Petersburg, Hardy co., Va., broken up by Capt. Kid's cavalry, large amount of stores captured. - Skirmish at Black river, near Irouton, Mo. A detachment of Indiana cavalry, under Major Gavitt, defeated a body of rebels, under Ben. Talbot. - 13. A large body of rebels, under Col. Brown, repulsed from Booneville, Mo., with a loss of 12 killed and 30 wounded, by Home Guards under Capt. Eppstein. 12-14. Two engagements occurred on Cheat Mountain, Western Virginia, in which the rebels, under Gen. R. E. Lee, were defeated with a loss of 100 killed and wounded, among the former, Col. J. A. Washington, and 20 x)risoners. The Federal forces, under Gen. J. J. Reynolds, lost 13 killed, 20 wounded and 60 prisoners. - 13. An expedition under Lieut. J. H. Russell, destroyed the privateer Judah at Pensacola. Federal loss, 3 killed and l.'S wounded. - 14. A rebel camp near Kansas City, Mo., broken up ; 7 men killed and 6 taken prisoners. - 15. A body of rebels attacked Col. Geary's 28th Pennsylvania regiment, stationed on the Potomac, and were repulsed with severe loss. - 16. A naval expedition from Hatteras Inlet, Lieut. J. Y. Maxwell, destroyed Fort Ocracoke, on Beacon Island, N. C. - The Federal gunboat Conestoga captured the steamers V. R. Stephenson and Gazelle, on Cumberland river, Ky. - Ship Island, near the mouth of the Mississippi river, occupied by Federal forces from the steamer Massachusetts. - 17. A fight at Mariatown, Mo., between 600

Federals, under Cols. Montgomery and Johnson, and 400 rebels, who were defeated with a loss of 7 killed, and 100 horses and their tents and supplies captured. - A train on the Ohio and Mississippi railway, with a part of the 19th Illinois regiment, broke through a bridge near Huron, Ind., by which 26 .soldiers were killed and 112 wounded. - 500 of the 3d Iowa, under Lieut. -Col, Scott, repulsed by 3,000 rebels at Blue Mills Landing, Mo. Federal loss, 100 killed and wounded. - 18. Skirmish at Barboursville, Ky. - Eighteen secession members of the Maryland Legislature lodged in Fort McHenry. - 20. Surrender of Col. Mulligan's command, at Lexington, Mo., to the rebel General Price, after 4 days' siege. -

21. Gen. Lane's command surprised a superior force of rebels at Papinsville. Mo., routing them with a Union loss of 17 killed and 40 wounded ; rebel loss, 40 killed, 100 prisoners, and all their tents and supplies. - Gen. Robert Anderson assumed command of Federal and State troops in Ky. -

22. Skirmish of the 7th Iowa, at Elliott's Mills, Ky. - 23. Capt. Goldsborough succeeded Com. Stringham in command of the Chesapeake blockading fleet. - Detachments of 8th and 4th Ohio, and Ringgold's Cavalry, drove out 700 rebels from Mechanicsville Gap. - 25. Engagement at Chapmansville, Western Va. Col. Pratt, with 560 of the 34th Ohio, defeated a body of rebels under Col. J. W. Davis, killing 29, and woi\nding a large number. Col. Pratt's loss, 4 killed, 8 wounded. - A body of rebels were defeated near Osceola, Mo., by Federal troops under Col. Montgomery, who set fire to the town. 10 rebels killed ; 1 Federal killed, 4 w^ounded. - James B. Clay (son of the illustrious Henry) and 16 other rebels captured near Danville, Ky. - 26. At Lucas Bend, Ky., 75 of Cap-

- tain Stewart^s cavalry attacked and routed 40 rebel cavalry, killing 4 and capturing 5. - 27. A body of Kansas troops, under Montgomery and Jamison, engaged the advance guard of McCullough's rebel army near Shanghai, in Benton co., Mo., and drove them back with loss. - Gen. Fremont, with 15 steamers and 15,000 men, sailed from St. Louis up the Missouri river - Munson's Hill, Va., cocupied by Federal troops.

Oct. 1. U. S. steamer Fanny, with 35 men of the 9tL N. Y. volunteers, was captured by the rebels on the north coast of Hatteras Inlet. She was loaded with'government stores. - 2. A camp of secessionists at Charleston, Mo., broken up, and 40 rebels captured. - $33,000, deposited in the St. Louis Building and Savings Association, for the part payment of a U. S. annuity to the Cherokee Indians, declared confiscated to* the Government in consequence of the secession of that tribe. - 3. Attack on an entrenched camp commanded by Gen. H. A. Jackson, at Greenbrier, Western Va.,by Union forces under Gen. J. J.Reynolds. Union loss, 8 killed, 32 wounded. A drawn battle. - Gustavus Smith, formerly Street Commissioner of New York, was appointed a major general in the rebel army. - 4. Commander Alden, U. S. steamer South Carolina, captured two schooners off the S. W. pass of the Mississippi, with four to five thousand stand of arms. - A company of 110 Texas rangers were defeated by 100 U. S. troops. 10 Texans killed, and 30 wounded. - Two boats from U. S. steamer Louisiana, Lieut. A. Murray, destroyed a rebel schooner, being fitted out for a privateer^ at Chincoteague Inlet, Va. - A large force of rebels, under Col. Wright, attacked the 20th Indiana, Col. Brown, at Chicamacomico, near Hatteras Inlet. Federals retreated, leaving their pickets, wounded, and camp equipage in the hands of the enemy. - 5. The rebel forces under Col. Wright were driven from the Chicamacomico, with severe loss, by U. S. steamer Monticello. - 7. John Ross, principal Chief of the Cherokee Indians, negotiated a treat}'- of alliance on behalf of that people with the Confederate Government. - 57 released prisoners, taken by the rebels at the battle of Bull Run, arrived at Fortress Monroe from Richmond. - -U. S. gunboats Tyler and Lexington exchanged shots with rebel batteries at Iron Bend, 3 miles above Columbus, Ky. - 8. Brig.- Geu. William T. Sherman appointed to command the Department of the