Weston Township (part 6 of 15)

The Perrysburg Journal , the lineal descendant of The Miami of the Lake, was issued March 10, 1853, and continued in the Whig interest until the beginning of the campaign of 1854, when it became a coalition paper with the newlyformed Republican party first in interest, and the new ally of that party, second. No. 1, Vol. Ill, was issued May 19, 1855, as an 8-page 24- column paper neatly printed. It was reduced from its former size, owing to the fact that instead of 600 paying subscriptions, only 100 were registered, and, of that number, not more than 25 paid in advance. In its pages is noticed the cholera which scourged the town in 1854; the packet sloop ' ' Sweeper, " plying between Perrysburg, Maumee and Toledo, and the Perrysburg Bank, of which J. S. Norton was cashier (opened in October, 1854). In May, 1856, Higgins&Holt became owners of the Journal, purchasing it of Silmon Clark. They enlarged it, and offered it to subscribers at one dollar per annum. On May 7, E. A. Higgins announced that he assumed editorial control, and would make his work thoroughly Republican, as he did on the Forest City Visitor, of Maumee, from October, 1855, to that date. On May 3, i860, J. W. Bailey succeeded Higgins. No. I, Vol. IX, of The Weekly Perry sburg Journal, bears the date of May 9, 1861, and the name of J. W. Bailey, editor. In his editorial of October 17 he shows very plainly that all was not peace on the Maumee: "Several parties have visited us during the past week, and by threats and braggadocio attempted to intimidate us in the matters of selections for our columns. Now we have no disposition to be frightened by any such contemptible swaggering, for if these individuals really wanted to fight they would go to war. We shall invade no gentleman's premises for the purpose of raising a muss, and we shall endeavor to protect ourselves in every instance." On October 22, 1862, F. J. Oblinger and H. S. Chapin succeeded Bailey as owners. In May, 1865, Mr. Chapin sold his interest to Oblinger, and in July, Oblinger, and Guyer were the publishers. Mr. Guyer retired in January, 1866. The long and aggressive term of James Timmons followed, and he was editor from January 3, 1868, to April « 2, 1889. In his valedictory, he speaks of having purchased the remaining interest of F. J. Oblinger, January 3, 1868, and of re-associating with him on June 1, that year. About the same time he and H. S. Chapin, now of Bowling Green, owned a job office at Toledo, but so soon as Mr. Chapin determined to establish the Sunday Journal , later the Toledo Bee, Mr. Timmons disolved the partnership. On January 15, 1869, he was again sole owner of the Perrysburg Journal, and continued so, until he sold to Mr. Blue. Of this young successor he speaks thus: " Ed. L. Blue is a young man who commenced at the age of fourteen years, in this office, to make a printer out of himself; who remained nine years with us, and has succeeded in what he started to accomplish. He was born and raised here, and is as well known as ourselves in this community. We trust all will give him a liberal and healthy patronage, without which a paper cannot well succeed." To-day, April 12, 1895, after six years' trial, Mr. Blue is in possession of more than his predecessor asked for him. A venerable journal with a fair subscription list, good advertising patronage and well-equipped office is his, with valuable files dating back to 1869.

The Wood County Packet, a well-edited, newsy Democratic paper, was launched in 1838, No. 28 of Vol. 1 bearing date March 27, 1839, and the names of Gordon & Smith, publishers. This paper ceased publication in May, 1839, or, as the Ohio Whig put it, it was " swartwouted. " While edited by Mr. Allen it was on amicable terms with its Whig contemporary, but under Gordon & Smith it made many enemies, among them the Whig, who wrote a congratulatory editorial on its' death.

The Democrat, another Perrysburg venture of 1844, was the second paper in the Democratic interest. Hickory clubs and Democratic journals were rising up everywhere, and Wood county could not afford to be an exception, although the prospects for victory here were poor, indeed. Moody and Frank Case were the publishers, during its short reign, from the fall of 1844 until after the election of 1845.

itself to the dissatisfied Democrats, who did not know whether to become Whigs, Abolitionists, Free Soilers or Know-Nothings. Wright was an earnest fellow, who, instead of flying from the cholera scourge of 1854, remained at the case until the dread disease seized upon him. He died at his post, and with him died the third or fourth Democratic journal established at Perrysburg.

The Maumee Valley Democrat was issued January 22, 1854, as the successor of the Northwestern Democrat. No. 23, Vol. I, bears date June 5, 1854, and the imprint of Lewis C. Stumm, publisher. There is only one file of this journal in possession of the county auditor - that for 1854; but its publication was continued until August 23, 1857, when the office was reorganized and the name of the paper changed the following week to the Democrat.

The Democrat, No. 1, Vol. 1, was issued at Perrysburg September 3, 1857, by Edward M. Grimes and Edward L. Moon, from the third story of J. A. Hall's building. "An independent treasury for Ohio. No more union of banks with the treasury, ''.was its motto. On December 3, that year, E. A. Munger and W. R. Carr became owners, and February 25, 1858, Mr. Carr became sole owner. On October 7, 1858, it passed into the past.

The Independent was established at Perrysburg in 1862 by E. A. Higgins. The office was destroyed by fire in May, 1863; but Mr. Higgins recuperated at once, and published his paper until 1866, when the office was moved to Toledo and the Democratic Record issued there.

The People's Press was issued at Perrysburg in 1857. On March 8, 1859, No. 21, Vol. II, was printed by J. R. Knapp, Jr., whose salutatory tells- of his first love - Democracy - and of his adherence to the principles of its greatest apostle, Thomas Jefferson. In a business notice he asks that all debts due the Press, prior to March 8, be paid to W. R. Carr.

The Advocate was issued at Bowling Green May 18, 1866, under the motto, "Be Just and Fear Not," as an aid in the county-seat campaign. It may now be said that this journal did not omit one point in favor of Bowling Green, as the proper place for the Seat of Justice. Its opposition to Perrysburg was so earnest and logical, for a time, that it exhausted itself, after the election on the question, and ceased publication. The men whose names are identified with the bond given for the construction of suitable county buildings at Bowling Green, may be named as its directors, while R. F. Hickman and John R. Melloy were its publishers. On July 1 8, 1866, S. D. Howells & Co. became publishers; in August, 1866, S. D. Howells was sole publisher. E, A. Higgins became editor in July, and continued in that position until November 30, 1866, when the Advocate ceased.

The Sentinel comes next to The Advocate, being issued February 22, 1 867, by Frank C. Culley. From its beginning it has been a serious exponent of Bowling Green's interests, and championed the town and county against the whole outside world. The motto adopted March 22, 1867, was " Be just to all mankind, and fear not the malice of the unjust."

Number 1, Vol. If, of the Bowling Green Sentinel, was issued February 20, 1868, by Frank C. Culley. The first editorial of this volume dealt with the offer made by Bowling Green to build a court house, provided the removal of the county seat would be authorized. The editorial also referred to the rejection of the bond given by Bowling Green. On December 10, 1868, William L. Myers purchased Culley 's interest in the Sentinel, and on January 14, 1869, R. W. Travis signs his name as publisher, and Myers as editor. On January t, 1870, or rather on the last night of the old year, Mr. Myers died, having been editor down to October, 1869. Meanwhile the publication was continued by R. W. Travis until March 31, 1870, when the name of C. W. Evers appears as editor. Mr. Travis died April 24, 1871, before which event Mr. Evers purchased Travis' interest. The sale of the office by C. W. Evers to M. P. Brewer, took place June 20, 1872. On June 18, 1873, A. W. and W. H. Rudulph became owners. In 1874 A. W. Rudulph became sole publisher; his father, J. R. Rudulph, became owner of the interest of W. H., but his name never appeared as one of the publishers. On November 1 1 , 1875, C. W. Evers purchased the interest of J. R. Rudulph, and merged his Wood County News into and under the name of the Sentinel. In 1875 the subscription list and good will of the Weston Avalanche was purchased. On March 8, 1880, Mr. Evers became sole owner and editor, and continued in this position until early in 1884, when A. W. Rudulph repurchased the office. M. P. Brewer reinterested himself in this paper on September 1, 1884, and, in November, 1886, E. W. Poe, now the State Auditor, purchased an interest with Brewer and Rudulph. In January, 1888, Mr. Brewer became sole owner, Mr. Rudulph selling his interest in December, 1886, to take charge of the Gazette, which he purchased at that time, Mr. Poe remaining until 1 888. In the winter of 1888-89, A. W. Rudulph merged the Gazette into the Sentinel, under the title, Sentinel and Gazette, and was equally interested with Mr. Brewer in the publication of this hyphenated journal. On May 1, 1890, Samuel E. Vail purchased a third interest. On September 15, 1893, Mr. Rudulph sold his interest to J. M. Hoffa, and the firm of Brewer, Vail & Hoffa was formed. By a change in 1896, the firm is known as Brewer, Vail & Co. In March, 1896, John M. Hoffa retired from the Sentinel, and assumed editorial management of this paper, his present incumbency.

The Weekly Sentinel has always been Republican in political affairs. It is the mother of modern journals in the Wood county of postbellum times, and for almost thirty years has held the highest place among the newspapers. Its services to Bowling Green have been of the most useful character, and, to the county at large, incomparable in substantial results.

The Fair Daily. - The first daily paper issued at Bowling Green, and, indeed, in Wood county, was the Daily Sentinel, printed on the Fair Grounds, from October 3, 1882, to the close of the fair, by C. W. Evers. It was a neat folio of sixteen columns, filled with local news - nearly a column being devoted to the preparations, and hanging of Carl Bach. It was only a shadow of the greater daily of 1890.

The Daily Sentinel was founded June 21, 1890, by Messrs. Brewer, Rudulph & Vail, at the outset, rather as an experiment, but from the first it has had a vigorous, healthy existence.

The Buckeye Granger was issued at Perrysburg, November 10, 1874, by N. H. Callard & Son, as a Democratic journal in general, but nonpartisan in particular, always supporting good men of other parties rather than bad men of its own party. The office was well equipped, and the subscription list of 1,200 embraced readers in this and adjoining counties. In the issue of November it, 1875, the editor said: "Although the columns of our paper have been mainly used in advocating the principles of the Grange, yet three-fourths of our patronage has been derived from outside sources. " Notwithstanding this, Mr. Callard stood by the Grange until the last, sinking a large sum of money, and exerting his best energies in the attempt to bolster up what he believed to be a useful organization.

by J. D. Baker & Son. In February or March, 1875, they sold the office to a Bowling Green syndicate, which established a newsy, aggressive journal, known as the Wood County News.

The Wood County .Yews was issued May 5, 1875, byManville, Evers & Co., its motto being: "The Greatest Good to the Greatest Number." | It was a non-partisan journal, intensely local and always ready to defend Wood county against all her enemies, within and without. Messrs. Evers & Brewer made this paper the redoubted champion of BowlingGreen. The establishment of this paper was noticed in the Sentinel of April 30, 1875, in a paragraph of which the following is a copy:

" New Paper. - C. W. Evers, E. W. Merry and Dr. A. J. Manvillehave purchased the material of the Democrat office of this place, and intend starting the publication of a paper of some kind, though what it is to be, politically, morally, religiously or otherwisely, we have as yet failed to ascertain." The Sentinel did not, evidently, look with pleasure on this new aspirant for public favor; but when the first number was issued the older journal learned its true character, and seldom challenged its editors. From the salutatory the following sentence is quoted: "On all important questions of county-seat removal, which will afford material for an animated canvass this fall, the News will be found early in the battle line in behalf of the right. We do not view the contest as a mere squabble between Bowling Green and Perrysburg. It embraces questions of broader scope and graver interests than attach simply to these towns as such. " The News acted closely on this pronunciamento until the revived claims of Perrysburg to the county seat were denied, and Bowling Green was left in undisputed possession of the coveted prize. The News was consolidated with the Sentinel , or rather the Sentinel with the News , on November 1 1, 1875, Manville, Evers & Co. signing the agreement on the part of the News.

The New Baltimore Enterprise was established in March, 1875, on the 3d or 10th of the month, but the writer has been unable to find a file of North Baltimore's first journal. The Perrysburg Journal , speaking of this paper under date of April 21, 1875, says: "This is the name of a new paper, just started at North Baltimore, this county, by Wiseman & Peters. It is an eight-column paper, and makes a great appearance, considering the hurry in getting out the first issue. Mr. Wiseman, from whom we received a call on Tuesday, is a member of the Art Preservative, &c., and Mr. Peters is an old citizen and large property owner in the new and enterprising town, whose interests they propose to represent. " In June, 1875, Wiseman moved to Fostoria, purchased the Press office and commenced the publication of the Fostoria Herald. After three years and eight months Mr. Peters moved his office to Bowling Green, and named the journal The Bowling Green Democrat.

T/u\ Bowling Green Democrat (successor of The Enterprise of 1875) was issued December 26, 1878, by D. E. & B. L. Peters. In their salutatory, they speak of the desire of the party to have a Democratic journal at the county seat, and, continuing, say: "We are thankful for the liberal patronage with which we were blessed while publishing the Neto Baltimore Enterprise for nearly four years, * * * and hope they will continue their patronage as we launch out in this our new field of labor. The valedictory of D. E. Peters appeared October 14, 1880, and the salutatory of William B. and Russell T. Dobson on the same date. On July 23, 1889, Henry Holterman purchased the Democrat, and issued his salutatory on July 26. The purchase of the office by Henry S. Chapin took place September 1, 1890, and on September 12 his salutatory was published - M. G. Marron being then reporter. In June, 1892, the indefatigable D. C. Voorhis became a reporter on this journal, a position he continues to hold. The circulation exceeds 3,300 copies weekly, and altogether the Democrat holds a high place as a newspaper and party journal.

The Daily Democrat (No. 1, Vol. I) was issued June 4, 1894, by Henry S. Chapin, continued until November 10, 1894, and closed with No. 138, after a short but vigorous career.

The Wood County Republican was issued by G. W. Hill & Co. , in September, 1884. B. C. Eberly was the editor. In November, following, his name appeared also as publisher, and so continued during the short life of the Republican.

The North Baltimore Beacon was issued November 27, 1884, by A. H. Balsley & Co. The advocacy of the best interests of the village was the object of the publishers, rather. On Decem- 11, John A. Sutton signed his name as editor. On October 28, 1886, John A. Sutton issued his valedictory, saying that he sold his interests in the Beacon to George W. Wilkinson, who became sole proprietor on November 6, that year.

1 890. The office of the Beacon is a model one in equipment and furnishings, quite in keeping with the most progressive era of the town's history.

- Wood County Agitator eked out a brief existence, about the year 1884, as an advocate of the Greenback party. It was published at Bowling Green, by Drs. G. W. Vail and J. M. Barbour.

The Reporter , a people's journal, was issued at Bowling Green early in the "eighties" by George A. Darke. This paper continued for a year, and was absorbed by the Sentinel.

The Wood County Gazette was established here in October, 1884. by Anson B. Smith, now editor of the Deshler Flag , as a Democratic organ, to oppose the paper published by the Dobson Brothers. He moved the office from North Baltimore, where he had conducted a journal for some time, and carried it on here until December 6, 1886, when he sold the material to A. W. Rudulph, who published the Gazette until it was consolidated with the Sentinel. Herman J. Rudulph was interested in the paper from the fall of 1887.

The Daily Gazette was issued subsequently by Rudulph Bros., but the people were not then prepared for a daily journal, and that first bona Jide attempt in this field was abandoned within seven months.

The Wood County Neivs (not that of 1875) was established by Anson B. Smith, after his sale of the Gazette office to Mr. Rudulph. Going to Chicago, he purchased a new outfit, which he brought hither, and not only issued a weekly journal, but also a daily paper for a few months. He sold the plant of the Daily News to A. W. Rudulph, and moved that of the Weekly News away.

The Wood County Frcie Prcssc suspended publication in January, 1888. Henry Holderman was editor, but W. B. & R. T. Dobson were the publishers. The Frcie Prcssc was a venture to obtain the county printing, or rather to create a German branch of county printing; but the commissioners, seeing that it had no general circulation, refused to countenance the scheme, and hence the suspension. At one time it was printed at Perrysburg, again at Bowling Green, Mr. Lally, now one of the compositors on the Journal, being one of the type-setters on the paper.

village. Some two or three years after, he moved the office to North Baltimore, where the paper was issued under the title - North Baltimore Times.

The North Baltimore Times is the successor of the Bairdstown Times , which was established at Bairdstown, by G. G. Grimes, in 1887, as a small advertising sheet. On his removal to North Baltimore, he found that the Times could not be made a self-supporting newspaper by him, and he sold to J. E. Schatzel, in May, 1892. C. L. Huddle purchased the office July 1, 1893, and has made this journal one of the best Democratic newspapers in northwestern Ohio. The office is commodious and well equipped.

The Bloomdale Derrick was issued December 28, 1888, by M. G. Marron, as an independent journal. On July 12, 1889, the Derrick Publishing Co. appear as owners - Messrs. Richard, Campbell, Emerson, E. S. Bryant and Easley forming the company. On July 26, 1889, W. S. Richard issued his salutatory as editor, and January 5, 1893, W. A. Hurrel's partnership with Mr. Richard was announced. The senior editor was practically sole owner of the office from 1891 to January, 1893, and has dictated the policy of the Derrick since 1889, making it an independent, reliable, newsy journal, deserving the large patronage extended to it. It is safe to say that of all the men who engaged in newspaper work in this county, not one could boast of so few enemies and so many friends as the senior editor of the Derrick.

The Wood County Tribune was issued October 3, 1889, by C. S. Van Tassel, Rufus B. Moore and Alanson L. Muir, with the first named as editor. A good deal of the printing material was purchased from A. B. Smith, who had ceased to publish the News, and, with this modest equipment, the foundations on which the present weekly paper was built up were placed. In December, 1889, Muir and Moore sold half of their interests to Grant Baird, who was, previously, in charge of the composing room. In May, 1890, Van- Tassel and Baird became owners, and in 1892 they established the livening Tribune as an adjunct to their weekly journal.

The Evening Tribune was established August 22, 1892, by C. S. Van Tassel and Grant Baird as a Republican daily journal. At that time Edwin C. Lossing was appointed reporter, and with .Mr. Van Tassel attended to editorial and local work. In October, 1892, Mr. Baird disposed of his interest to Mr. Van Tassel, who became sole owner. A company was organized in May, 1893, and incorporated on May 8, that year, under the name "Wood County Tribune Co.," with George W. Helfrich, president; Edward Beverstock, vice president; C. S. Van Tassel, secretary and general manager, and John R. Hankey, treasurer. A. L. Muir, Joseph G. Starn and A. Graham, with the officers named, formed the director}'. On January I, 1894, Mr. Helfrich was elected secretary and manager, vice Van Tassel elected president, while E. C. Lossing was appointed associate editor. A. L. Muir purchased C. S. Van Tassel's interest on August 27, 1894, and took his place as president and editor, with Mr. Lossing, associate editor, and George W. Helfrich, secretary and general manager. At a meeting of the company, held January 7, 1895, W. H. Milliken was elected a director, vice Starn, and B. J. Froney, vice Muir, who was elected president. On the organization of this corporation, the office was re-equipped and, the same year, the Tribune building was erected at a cost of $6,000. The increase in the circulation and influence of this young journal has been highly gratifying to its proprietors and friends.

first living editor that ever penned an editorial for a paper published in Weston (if there is any dead one, who ever did, and our prayers can be of any avail to him where he is, he is welcome to them). Henceforth it shall be our aim to keep everybody in the path of rectitude, and no fear of slander suits or pistols shall deter us from our aim." It was a four-page journal, each page 1 2 J x y\ inches, and very primitive in appearance. The proposition to tax the Weston school district for building a school house, and other local affairs, were discussed on its pages. Within a month it made way for The Weston Avalanche.

The Weston Avalanche was issued June 3, 1874. In October of that year, when T. B. Oblinger retired from the partnership, the Perrysburg Journal said: " He mounts a siege gun on the barbet principle in his valedictory, and slaughters his enemies by the thousands. One shot was aimed at this office, but the force was spent before it reached its destination." In October, 1874, Dr. G. B. Spencer became editor, and Tom Harper publisher. In 1876 7 he Avalanche came down. Dr. Spencer retired from the editor's chair January 5, 1876. Shortly after The Sentinel , of Bowling Green, purchased the office, and a way was cleared for the Free Press. In the carriers' address, written bv Dr. Spencer, December 29, 1875, the following quartette

The Free Press was issued March 22, 1 876, by S. J. Harper & Son, with Dr. G. B. Spencer editor, as an independent weekly journal. The salutatory is a long one. A paragraph speaks of a former journal, and gives the relation of the new to the old newspaper: " We this week mail the Free Press to all the old Avalanche subscribers, whom we deem worthy - that is whom we think would pay for the paper if they took it." L. B. Keller came as proprietor in the fall of 1876, Dr. Spencer continuing in the position of editor for a year or so after, or almost to the time when Mr. Keller sold the office.

The Centennial bee- hunt was reported in the Free Press of November, 1876. The editor stated that it was so named ' ' because it will be a hundred years before any of us have as much fun again, and also because there were well on toward a hundred of us Stark Bee Hunters."

The Weston Reporter was issued November 12, 1877, by G. A. Darke, who promised to make it an independent local newspaper, devoted to Weston's interests. "Weston," he says, "has starved out two newspapers within two years;" but this did not deter him, and his courage, for a time, was well rewarded. In 1878, or early in 1879, he moved the office to pastures new.

The Weston Herald was first issued April 12, 1879. The salutatory of W. H. Mitchell, publisher, and L. S. Smith, editor, was issued on that day. It simply stated that "The Weston Herald is now in existence, and it comes before the public, of this vicinity in modest appearance, and with no large pretensions. " On May 1 7, 1 879, E. D. Moffett became publisher, continuing as such until May 17, 1884, when he sold the office to S. E. Burson. On July 31, 1891, Charles B. Saxbyand J. D Conklin purchased Mr. Burson's interest. On December 4. that year, A. S. Coward bought Conklin's interest, and the present firm of Saxby & Coward was formed. The Herald is well managed, has a large circulation in its territory, and champions Weston against outer darkness.

The Pemberville Brick Block was issued by Froney & Bruning and Hobart & Bowlus in 1878. They were the proprietors of the only brick business building in the village of that day. A. H. Davidson, who afterward published the Independent, was the editor.

The Wood County Index , the successor of the Reporter , was issued by C. R. F. Berry, who purchased the office from A. H. Davidson, and carried it on until April 22, 1889, just before it had reached No. 27 of Vol. IV. A Mr. Pugh was a partner of Berry down to February 8, 1889, when he sold his interest to the senior partner, who in turn sold to Speck.

The Pembcrville Leader may be said to have been established by George H. Speck, who purchased the Index on April 22, 1889, and, on May 3, that year, changed the name to Pembcrville Leader. He introduced modern methods in the news and business departments, and made it a .good local newspaper, worthy of the patronage extended to it. .

The Farm and Fireside was issued by G. Ouderkirk, at Grand Rapids, in the spring of 1882, was published here for less than a year, when the owner moved to Toledo and thence to Detroit, Mich., where he continued publication* under the same name.

The Grand Rapids Triumph , which was issued in 1883, for some years was known as Thompson' s Triumph , and was published by C. K. Thompson, assisted by William Sheffield, from the summer of 1883 to September 2, 1887, when he sold the office and moved to Toledo, where he died in 1890 or 1891. On September 2, 1887, Frank Dodge and John Doyle purchased the office of Thompson's Triumph and changed the name to Grand Rapids Triumph. They issued No. 1, Vol. V., on the date given. On February JO, 1888, F. A. Crosby and A. J. Fries became owners and published the Triumph , regularly, until August 16, 1889, when F. A. Crosby became sole owner. E. H. Eckert, of Toledo, purchased the office in December, 1889, and carried on the Triumph for one year, when he sold to Floyd Huffman, who issued his salutatory, December 26, 1890, saying: "With this issue of the Triumph we assume charge, and will continue to grind out the news as our former predecessors have done. We will do the best we can, and expect your help; will take no part in politics, but will encourage any new enterprise that comes under our notice." The Triumph is still fighting the battles of the old village at the Head of the Rapids.

Arthur Campbell, who claimed 800 inhabitants for his village. This claim aroused the editor of the Triumph to claim for Grand Rapids a population of 5,000 and twenty-six miles of sidewalk. The Globe is gone the way of all things earthly.

The Christian Review, a semi-monthly journal, was issued in the interest of the Disciples or Christian Church, from the office of The Observer, of Prairie Depot - Rev. A. McMillan being the publisher. When he left Freeport, in September, 1895, the Review ceased to be issued.

The Tontogany Weekly Herald was issued August 16, 1890, by George W. Grames and Willie L. Munson. Its life was short (six weeks) and uneventful, but the Herald won sufficient attention to have its requiem sung by village wits on the day of the editor's departure.

The Weekly Graphic was established at Bradner December 26, 1890, by George W. Grames, who had previously founded the Herald at Tontogany. It was a little journal of a few days, neatly printed, and full of local items and advertisements.

The Bradner Hews was issued by A. C. Gorsuch, after the Graphic ceased publication, but its lease of life was as short as that of its predecessor.

Prairie Depot Observer , No. I, Vol. I, was issued September 19, 1894, by Geo. C. Williams. He speaks of the Observer as the first and only newspaper ever published in the village, and trusts to make his venture successful. The issue of October 4, 1895, was a very creditable one, containing, as it did, illustrations and descriptions of Freeport, with the ordinary local items of the week,

The Bradner Advocate was founded October 26, 1894, by D. H. Runneals, as an independent weekly journal. He bought the material new, introduced a new era in local journalism, and made the A dvocate worthy of the prosperity it had won, even before Volume II was commenced in October, 1895. The owner is a progressive business man who carved a road to success among strangers within a year.

The newspapers of to-day in Wood county appear to offer fair compensation for the labor expended, fair interest on the capital invested, and a fair prospect of being permanent institutions. All the files obtainable from 1833 to 1895, were searched, and from this search result many of the thousands of incidents described in this volume.

Chapter Xvii

Pioneer Physicians - Sanitary Conditions of the County between 1810 and 1845 - Reminiscences of old Practitioners - Appearance in the County of later Physicians - The Cholera - Roll of Physicians who settled in the County in recent Years, together with some brief personal Sketches - Maumee Vali.ey Medical Association - Wood County Medical Society - Wood County Physicians' Association.

THE family physician's very calling brings him into closer intimacy with his fellow men, than does that of any other profession. The pioneer physician was in a great number of instances less refined than the medical doctor and surgeon of to-day, but his unselfish, self-sacrificing and fearless devotion to duty has not been and never will be excelled. The modern physician knows more than the pioneer doctor did. His field of influence is wider, his opportunities are unbounded. As morals, manners and customs changed, the physician changed; so that to-day, in the small villages of the land, we find men equipped by medical education, and with mechanical means, to cope with all the peculiar demands of modern practice.

When the first physician located opposite Fort Meigs, in 1814 or 1815, the Indians were afflicted with the same diseases as the pioneers. Fevers and ague were part and parcel of existence then. Dr. Manville, in speaking of his early days in Wood county, draws an accurate picture of sanitary conditions, between 1816 and 1845. "The early settlers," he says, "of what is called the ' black swamp, ' had a great deal of sickness, mostly fever and ague, which was very prevalent in an early day. So much water on the surface of the land caused so much malaria, that biliousness, chills, fever and ague were the results. Whenever a new family made their appearance and settled down, we all would say. ' there is another family with whom we can divide the shakes.' It took from three to five years to get acclimated; every year, from about the first of July, until frost and cold made its appearance, the people had the ague, and they looked for it just as much, and it came with the same regularity that the summer and fall came. It was not of the same kind that we have in this country latterly. It took hold of a person and literally shook him up. I have seen fellows go to bed with the ague, and when the shake came on the very bed and floor would rattle. So violent was the disease that at times their teeth would rattle. Many times, whole families would be down at one time, so that one could not give another a drink of water. The ague usually came on every other day, and when there * was not people enough they had to have it every day, for sometimes there appeared to be about two agues for one man; and oftentimes they had to have it twice in one day. The well day, as we used to call the day we missed it, men would be able to do some light work, and it may seem strange, but the day the chill was to come on you could look out from 10 a. m. until 2 p. m., and you could see the boys come in to take their shake, as much so as to take their dinners. We were not troubled much in those days from any disease of a malignant form. Aside from the ague, we had some bilious, intermittent and remittent fevers. We had no need of a doctor to bleed the patient, for the pesky mosquitoes did all the bleeding that was necessary."

If we except the military surgeons who accompanied Hull, in his march through this county in 1812, or those who were in Harrison's army in 1813, the honors of the pioneer physician must be accorded to Dr. Barton. He located near the Foot of the Rapids after the war of 1812, and, for four or five years, attended reds and whites alike, with little regard to financial compensation. He was at Maumee in 1816, when Dr. Conant arrived, and was still inhabiting a cabin there, when Dr. J. Thurstin arrived in 1817. Neither Conant nor Thurstin refer to his going, but it is known that he had left the village prior to the removal of the county seat to Perrysburg. for, in 1823, when Dr. Walter Colton settled there. Dr. Barton's cabin was vacant. Dr. Conant exercised jurisdiction as justice of the peace for Michigan Territory, on the Maumee, even down to the organization of this county, and for many years was the county's most in- fluential citizen. Little is known of Dr. Thurstin, but it is known that Dr. Colton moved to Monroe, Mich, in 1827, where he died of cholera a few years after. William Wood, the first resident physician within the present county, located at Perrysburg in 1828; Oscar White settled across the river in 1829, but practiced on both sides of the river. He died in 1883.

Hundreds of reminiscences of the old physicians might be given, stories of heroic practice and startling adventures related; but such items belong to romance rather than to sober, matterof-fact history. One incident, however, may be told. It is based on the authority of one of the witnesses, and substantiated by Dr. Conant himself. While the Ewings resided at Wolf Rapids, the oldest son, Anthony, was bitten by a rattlesnake, and by the time Dr. Conant got there the boy was horribly swollen, as spotted as a leopard, and in great agony. Conant could do nothing for him. About this time, an old Indian came over from the village opposite Ewing's, and, after sullenly looking at the boy for a time, proposed to cure him for a gallon of whisky. Ewing, now hopeless of saving the boy's life, told the Indian he would do it. The Indian soon got some herbs and administered to the boy, relieving him immediately, but he carefully concealed all his operations from the white medicine man. Conant afterward gave the Indian three gallons of whisky for a receipt for the cure, but there is no evidence that the old doctor ever instructed his contemporaries in the Indian method of treatment.

Dr. Daniel Brainard, of Fremont, began practice there in 1819, and when the first settlements were made on the Portage, he it was who was called to aid the fever-stricken pioneers.

Dr. Cossage, called by the first settlers "a frontiersman," located at Risdon, in 1829, and for three or four years acted as guide, wagoner, dentist, doctor and man of all work. Dr. Fletcher settled in Perry township as early as 1833; Dr. Kinnaman, of whom mention is made in the history of Montgomery, came into the southeast quarter of the county a year or so later, performed the surgical operation credited to him in the chapter on Montgomery, and built up a fine reputation in a short period. Harvey Burritt, who located at Grand Rapids, in 1833, was a redoubtable pioneer physician, whose treatment of disease and wounds was always heroic. He moved to Maumee in 1852. William Durbin located at Rollersville in 1834. Nathaniel Dustin and Daniel Cook, of Maumee, and E. D. Peck, of Perrysburg, began practice as early as

1836, and became well-known physicians and merchants. Dr. Peck came in 1834; while Eli Manville, who located northwest of Bowling Green, in 1834, was recognized as a physician of ability. Dr. Thomas resided at Portage until 1842, when he left the country; his contemporary, Manson Rice, was a surgeon, and died from blood-poisoning at a later date. B. S. Woodworth, of Providence, settled therein 1837; Dr. Patterson, at West Millgrove, the same year. Dr. Lathrop was in Washington township, John Wolverton and Drs. Fuller and Ballard at Bowling Green, with a few others scattered here and there along the county boundaries.

During the decade ending in December, 1 849, a number of disciples of TSsculapius made their appearance in the wilderness, for be it known that in the " forties " the territory known as Wood county was in a most primitive condition. The population had almost doubled since 1839, and yet no attempt was made to improve sanitary conditions. It is not to be wondered at,

J then, that everyone suffered from malarial disi eases, or that physicians multiplied. Bradford Hutchins, T. S. Carman and E. Ranger located at Freeport, the latter in 1842 (where he resided until he moved to Weston in 1864 or 1865); M. Parks located on the site of North Baltimore; Dr. Owens practiced at Otsego from 1840 to 1852; Welcome Pray in the Miltonville and Waterville district; William R. Peck, or "The Little Doctor Peck," taught school and practiced medicine; Chauncey Matthews died at Maumee, in 1847. Dr. Eli Manville preceded G. J. Rogers at Bowling Green; Dr. Wiley, of Henry township and Henry Buck, of Perrysburg, were here prior to the close of 1846. Justus Wright, David Scott and Alexander Anderson, of Maumee; Vander Haden, Russell and Hiram Burr, of Bowli ing Green, Dr. Nieblung, the sot tiisanl planter, near Tontogany, William Bailey, of Weston, Breese.of Grand Rapids, and Osborne, of the cen- I tral townships, came in before the close of 1848. Walter and Thomas Hutchins are said to have resided at Freeport for short periods in the "forties," while Dr. Robertson was a partner of Dr. Peck, at Perrysburg. Dr. Howell came in 1858. Quinine and whisky were the great medicines of the period. Every physician believed in their effi- | cacy for the ills of the patient and the doctor.

| The instruction of Vander Haden to his patients was to eat everything, save a blacksmith's bellows or an iron wedge. He prohibited the first as an article of food, because it was too windy, and the second, because it was too heavy for the stomach. His pleasantries were so numerous,

The decade ending in i860 witnessed the increase of population from 9.157 to 17,886 in 1 860. Among the new-comers were many physicians - some good, some indifferent, some bad. There was a harvest awaiting them. The people had undertaken the great work of draining the county, for it was evident that, with this population, sanitary laws must be observed. The physicians were the strongest friends of drainage. Many of them served throughout the Black- Erysipelas epidemic of September, 1846, which carried away at least fifty persons in the Bowling Green neighborhood, among the number being Ruth Tracy, Mrs. Chloe Pike, the wives of James and Frank Maginnis, and Mrs. Brown. In other neighborhoods the terrible disease played havoc. Now, the repetition of such a plague had to be prevented. Drainage appeared to be the great preventative. Work was entered upon, but during its progress malaria assumed stronger hold upon the people. This is proved by contemporary newspaper accounts and by the records of the old Agricultural Association ; so that when the sanitary and social conditions of the time are compared, one is not surprised to learn that disease rushed over and through the barricades built or suggested by the physicians.

The Cholera. - The epidemic of 1854 was incomparably the most severe scourge which ever fell on any Ohio town. Judge Dodge, speaking of it before the board of health in February, 1893, said that the extent of the mortality will never be accurately known. A few months before, the Journal published a list of 14 1 known victims, but the Judge believes that it might easily be increased to more than 200. Dr. E. D. Peck, one of the heroes of the epidemic, assured the Judge more than once that all would fall victims to the terrible disease. Of the 1,300 inhabitants, credited to the town on July 1, 1854, only 600 remained, and, of that number, one-third are said to have fallen victims to the disease. N. H. Callard, who, like Judge Dodge, remained with the people, gives a graphic description of the advent and progress of the disease, telling how the mayor delegated his authority to Judge Dodge and fled, and how his example was followed by councilmen and their constituents in a wholesale manner. From his history of the epidemic, the following paragraph is taken :

On July 4, 18.'>4, a pic-nic was hold in a small grove a little south of the old court house. The citizens, both from town and country, had provided ample provision for having a good time. The tables were laden with provisions. The atmosphere was intensely hot, and exhibited a blueish, hazy condition. Early in the day it became noised abroad that a child had died from cholera on the evening previous. This cast a gloom over the people, and the country people soon returned to their homes, leaving considerable provisions to be distributed among the needy citizens. The Lucas family received a good supply. On the 6th of July the first death in that family occurred. The mother of the' child had then no assistance. She sent for me to go over and help them to bury their dead. On passing into the house, I observed in an open cupboard, exposed to the contaminated atmosphere of this cholera-infecteu house, remains of food that had been taken from the tables on the Fourth of July. The children were under no restraint and had no doubt ate of this food whenever they saw fit. In the Williams house adjoining, the cholera prevailed, and the frequent vomits of the socalled rice water was, as a matter of convenience, thrown on the ground between the two houses, and it was speedily absorbed by the dust and dried up by the heat. In this condition the poison-germ of cholera was readily floated by the current in the atmosphere, and through the open window of the Lucas house, brought in contact with the food therein exposed. That was the condition of matters when 1 entered that house on the 6th of July. There is no doubt but the water drank by this family was polluted in like manner. By this process of contamination seven out of eight members of this family were swept from existence, in most cases there were no proper facilities existing either for handling the sick or in providing suitable food for them. Had there been qualified auxiliaries to the physicians in attendance on the sick in their second stage of the disease, there is but little doubt that many lives would have been saved.

The important lessons of that period have had a due influence on the citizens of Perrysburg. Since that period the streets of the village have been thoroughly drained, and due regard has been had to the removal of all substances that are regarded as detrimental to the public health.

This incident, though properly belonging to the history of Perrysburg, is introduced here to account for the number of medical men who flocked toward the lower Maumee Country. In 1851, Dr. Williamson located at Freeport; in

1854, Dr. Robertson, a partner of E. D. Peck, died while combating the cholera, and Dr. H. A. Hamilton came that year to take his place. Dr. Frederick labored in the midst of the danger as well as Dr. W. H. Smith; the physicians, Philo and W. M. Bell located in Weston in 1854; L. L. Gorsuch practiced at Freeport; John F. Clayton purchased Dr. Wiley's interests' in Henry township, located on the site of North Baltimore after the war, but moved to Missouri in 1871 or 1872; J. D. Whitacre located near Scotch Ridge in 1855, Henry Buckland at Stony Ridge about the same time, and C. R. Rosendale at West Millgrove; Ozias Baird was in Bloom, Beardsley and Watson at Grand Rapids, E. B. Emerson at Eagleville, Kerr, Seward, Reynolds, Hobson and J. J. Dahlen at Perrysburg, J. B. Smith and William G. Lamb at Bowling Green, and Dr. Peters at Pemberville, with Dr. Koeble following him that year or the next at the Forks of the Portage.

1869, the profession received many recruits. J. F. Meeks located at Portage as early as 1860, though he resided at Custar in 1867; Kellogg, Ballard and Squires had occupied the Tontogany field, and, perhaps, Dr. Gilbert, who was there from 1863 to 1866, preceded Dr. B. F. Davis in practice, for it is said that Dr. Davis did not locate at Tontogany until 1865. H. R. Potter was at Potterstown as early as 1864; A. J. Manville and Dr. Howells were at Bowling Green in 1866. Geo. W. Bell at Grand Rapids, Win. Bell at Weston, R. Laney in Portage township in 1864, Charles Whisler at North Baltimore down to 1868, G. W. Vail at Bowling Green from 18 - to 1885; C. A. Henry read medicine in Perry township in 1865, Dr. Henry at Pemberville, and Dr. Forbes at Weston in 1866; J. H. Rhein frank practiced at Perrysburg; Dr. McCormick at Pemberville, i867-7i;Geo. W. Moore, at Tontogany; Alexander Brown, Albert Claypool and James Lathrop at Weston; A. Sterling, R. C. Hunter, and A. Evans at Weston; E. D. Powers and McCray, of Perrysburg, were in the county in 1869, and perhaps prior to that year.

When Dr. George B. Spencer, of Weston, located there in 1870, many of the physicians named were still residents of the county. J. M. Telford settled at North Baltimore; in 1871, but A. G. Henry succeeded him as early as 1873, the same year in which Robert L. Souder located there. Dr. Hughes settled at Custar in 1872, E. W. Schooley, the same year. W. W. Perry at Perrysburg in 1872, S. E. Chapman, a homeopath. began practice at Perrysburg in 1873, and Dr. Rausch at Portage, the same year; while H. P. Eaton moved to North Baltimore in 1874. T. J. Klussman located at Tontogany, J. H. Ogle and R. J. Simon (the latter in 1873) at Pemberville, Avery McClaran (who died in 1887) at North Baltimore, Worline and Slaughter at Custar, S. S. Bronson at Jerry City, James Colter at Bairdstown, and J. M. Ricketts, at Bowling Green. In 1876, J. H. Gibson was at Bairdstown, while in 1877 and 1878 A. L. Davis was at Tontogany, Francis Strain at Perrysburg, O. H. Sullivan at Bowling Green, and Thomas R. Morrison at North Baltimore. The names of J. C. Lincoln, the late B. F. Leet, Dr. Thomas, A. M. Chilcote, Edward H. Chilcote, and others, who began in the " seventies, " are given in the rec- j ords of the Medical Society and the Association.

The roll of physicians, who settled here in recent years, embraces the names of a few of the -older men, and a brief sketch of some of their lives is given. ;

Perrysburg. - Erasmus D. Peck - deceased - was a native of Stafford, Conn., and descended from one of the old Colonial families. His birth occurred in 1808, and his education was received in the schools of Munson, Mass., and at Yale College, from the Medical Department of which he was graduated in 1829. After his graduation Dr. Peck came to Ohio, and in 1834 to Perrysburg, at which place he practiced medicine for upward of forty years. He was a man of commanding influence in all lines of effort, and took a prominent place in the councils of the Republican party, which he entered on the disorganization of the old Whig party. From 1855 to 1857, he served in the General Assembly of the State, and was a representative in Congress in the Forty-first and Forty-second sessions. His death occurred December 25, 1876.

the most distinguished names upon the roll of physicians in our locality, whether during the last or the present century, is that of Hamilton. * * *" He was born at Somers, Conn., in

1829, was educated at Suffield, Conn., and in the Medical Department of the University of New York, graduating from the latter in 1852. He practiced three years in Springfield, Mass., and in 1854 came to Perrysburg and commenced practice along with the late Dr. Peck. Dr. Hamilton is a man of unusual robust physique, and is one of the oldest and most honored of the profession.

J. H. Rheinfrank is a native of Bridgewater, Mich., born in 1840. In boyhood he attended the graded schools of Ypsilanti, Mich., and, in 1861, was graduated, and entered the Literary Department of the University of Michigan. Later he was a student in the Medical Department of the same university, and was graduated in 1864. Soon after taking his degree he located in the practice at Perrysburg, where he has made for himself a high standing in the profession and a citizen of prominence.

I. S. Bowers is a native of what is now the province of Ontario, but passed his boyhood in the State of Michigan, and there, in the district schools, and high schools at Petersburg and Monroe, received his elementary education. At an early age he began reading medicine with an uncle at Fond-du-Lac, Wis. , and on his father's removal to Perrysburg, in 1876, he subsequently furthered his medical studies under the direction of Dr. Rheinfrank, of that place. In 1881 he was graduated from the Detroit Medical College, and at once began practicing at Perrysburg. At this time he is president of the board of pension examiners for Wood county.

H. R. Roether is a native of Perrysburg, and in the public schools of the town received his education, being graduated therefrom in 1886. He then taught school for several years, and in 1893 was graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Michigan. After his graduation he was for a time the assistant surgeon at the Aragon mines, at Norway, Mich. He then returned to Perrysburg, where he has been actively and energetically engaged in the practice of medicine, and where his ability and influence are recognized. In 1895 Dr. Roether was elected to the office of treasurer of Perrysburg township. The Doctor is of the Regular School in distinction from Homeopathy.

W. H. Rheinfrank, who is associated in the practice with his father, J. H. Rheinfrank, was graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Michigan, in 1894.

Grand Rapids. - Andrew J. Gardner is a native of Ohio, born in 1827 at Hubbard, where he resided until ten years of age. and then went with his father to Youngstown, where he received the rudiments of an education. He read medicine for some time under Drs. Woodbridge & Garlick, and then entered the Medical Department of the Western Reserve College, graduating in 1848. He practiced for a short time at Sharon, Penn., and for five years at Youngstown, and Cleveland, Ohio, then, in 1853, came to Grand Rapids. He has since resided here, and for thirty-five years has conducted a drug store.

J. A. Backus was graduated from the Cleveland Homeopathic Hospital College in 1880; J. Heller from the Medical Department of the University of Michigan in 1874: L. G. Ennis from Long Island College Hospital in 1889; J. N. Mead.

West Mill grove. - Charles R. Rosendale is a native of Yorkshire, England, and with his father's family came to the United States at the age of nine years. During the winter seasons he attended the district schools in the vicinity of Wellington, Ohio, and the high school at Elyria. At the age of twenty he began the study of medicine with Drs. Smith and Johns, of the former place, and subsequently studied under Dr. Mc- Kenzie of Litchfield. He was graduated from the Cincinnati Eclectic Institute in 1856, and that year located at West Millgrove, where he

T. T. Rosendale, a son of Dr. Charles R. Rosendale, is a successful physician of Fostoria. He is a native of West Millgrove, in which village he received his early schooling. He afterward was in attendance for three years at the Northern' Indiana Normal School, but had previously read medicine under his father and Dr. Henry, at Fostoria. In 1890 he entered the Western Reserve Medical College at Cleveland, and was graduated in 1893, and the same year located at Fostoria.

C. B. Hatfield was born in Perry township, this county, and during youth and early manhood remained on his father's farm. In the fall of 1889, at the age of twenty-seven years, he entered Western Reserve Medical College at Cleveland, Ohio, but in 1891 was compelled to leave on account of poor health. Later he was a student in the Kentucky School of Medicine at Louisville, from which he was graduated in the spring of 1893. In June of that year he located at West Millgrove.

Prairie Depot. - Edwin R. Sage is a native of Connecticut, born in 1825. When he was aged eleven years the family came to Ohio, and when he was fifteen his father died. Young Sage then learned the shoemaker's trade, and followed it for three years. He studied medicine under Dr. H. W. Curtis, at Chagrin Falls, Ohio, but 1 had previously read some with Dr. Hutchins, at Prairie Depot. In the summer of 1857 he located permanently at the latter place and began the practice of medicine the following year, in which he has been successful. Dr. Sage has been twice elected to the General Assembly of Ohio, the first time in 1875. An extended sketch of his life appears elsewhere in this volume.

I. V. Wirebaugh is a native of Ohio, and was reared as most farmers' sons, working through I the summer season and attending the district schools in the winter. In 1886 he began the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. Chesney, of Bucyrus, Ohio, and the following ; year attended a course of lectures at the Western Reserve Medical College, from which he was graduated in March, 1890, after having completed the three-vears' course and continuing his studies with Dr. Chesney. He began practice at ! Tiro, this State, at which place he was also en-

Joseph E. Burnham is a native of the State of New York, and grew to manhood in his native town - Potsdam. He attended the public schools, and later the Normal school at that place for a period of two and one-half years. He followed teaching for several years. In 1889 he began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. H. D. Brown, and in the fall of 1892 he became a student in the Cleveland Medical College, from which he was graduated with high honor in the class of 1895, standing second in a class of fortytwo. He practiced for a short time at Port Clinton, Ohio, and in November, 1895, located at Prairie Depot, and has since been associated with Dr. Sage. The Doctor belongs to the Homeopathic school of medicine.

J. G. Howell was graduated from Maumee College, in 1878. H. C. Black. In the early history of West Millgrove and Fostoria mention is made of first physicians; while in the township chapter Dr. Kinnaman and others are noticed. W. H. Palmer, J.- E. Brooks.

Bowling Green. - A. J. Manville is a native of this county, born in 1834. His early years were passed in rural pursuits, and he had but meager educational privileges. He studied medicine under the direction of Dr. G. J. Rogers, of Bowling Green, and they together carried on a drugstore. A year later, in 1864, Dr. Manville entered the medical college at Ann Arbor, Mich. , where he remained one year, and subsequently was in attendance at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, from which he was graduated in 1866, receiving the degree of M. D. Among his professors at Bellevue were some famous men in their profession, such as Drs. Austin Flint, Surgeon-General Hammond, Lewis A. Sayers and Frank H. Hamilton. After graduation the Doctor returned to Bowling Green, and sustained the same relations with Dr. Rogers as previously, and became a partner in the practice of medicine. He was in the drug business from 1863 to 1896, and is one of the most widely known men of the county.

J. C. Lincoln was born in Albany, N. Y. , though his boyhood was passed in Wisconsin and Minnesota. He had read medicine some when the late Civil war broke out, and became assistant surgeon in the First Minnesota Regiment, he having recruited upward of three hundred men, of which that regiment was composed. He was seriously wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks, and on recovering returned to his home and subsequently was for three years a student in Lawrence University at Appleton, Wis., and for one year studied medicine with Dr. Ford, of Winona, Minn., then was in attendance at Rush Medical College, Chicago, from which he was graduated, with the degree of M. D., in 1871. He began the practice of medicine in Franklin county, Iowa; then, for a time, practiced near Fostoria, Ohio, and in 1873 located at Bowling Green, where he has since been actively engaged in the same, and where he is carrying on an extensive drug business.

J. H. Whitehead is a native of this county, born near Bowling Green. He was educated in the neighborhood schools, and in the high schools at Bowling Green and Perrysburg. In 1871, he began reading medicine with Dr. John Osborn, near Portage, this county, and subsequently entered the Cleveland (Ohio) Homeopathic College, from which he was graduated in 1874, and since which time he has practiced his profession at Portage and Bowling Green.

W. M. Tuller is a nqtive of this State, where he grew up on a farm. He was educated in the district schools, and at Central College in Franklin county, Ohio. After completing the course at the latter institution he was engaged for six years in teaching school. He then began reading medicine with Dr. H. Hendrickson, of Columbus, Ohio, and subsequently took a course of study in the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, from which he was graduated in 1876. He immediately located at Bowling Green, and has since been actively engaged in practice at this point.

W. B. Bryant is a native of this county, born at Prairie Depot. In 1872 he began the study of ] medicine, and for two years was in the offices of Dr. Goodrick, at Freeport, and Dr. Rosendale, of West Millgrove. In 1875, he was graduated from the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Institute, and began the practice of medicine at Freeport. He remained there two years, and then removed to Jerry City. In 1891 he came to Bowling Green, having been elected sheriff of the county in the fall of 1890. He served two terms as sheriff.

C. S. St. John is a native of this county, and was educated in the schools of Fostoria and of Valparaiso, Ind. He taught school for a number of years. He was for a time a student in the Columbus (Ohio) Medical College, and in 1883 was graduated from the Medical Department of Wooster University. He located in Bowling

Green and after a practice of one year went to McComb, and, after two years practice there, returned to Bowling Green, and has since followed his profession here.

Marcus A. McKendree was born in Erie county, Penn. He attended the high school at Conneaut, and read medicine at home and later with Dr. Schooley, of Weston, Ohio. He was graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, in June, 1884, and for two years thereafter was associated in practice with Dr. Schooley, at Weston. He then located at Bowling Green. Since 1893 he has been one of the board of U. S. pension examining surgeons.

Mrs. Lydia McKendree is a native of New York City. She read medicine with her husband, and in 1893 was graduated from the Toledo Medical College.

E. O. Richardson was graduated from the Columbus Medical College in 1884, Emily A. Hill from the University of Michigan in 1886, and L. E. Sanglier from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1889. E. R. Thomas.

Frank W. Rogers is a native of Norwalk, this State, and in that, place began the study of medicine under Dr. Gill. Subsequently for two years he was a student in the Medical College at Ann Arbor, Mich., and then entered the Chicago Homeopathic College, from which he was graduated in 1888. He began practice at Bowling Green, and later took a course in the New York Post-Graduate School, and at both made a special study of the diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. Dr. Rogers has also an office at Toledo, in the Spitzer building.

J. C. Snyder is a native of Pennsylvania. He took a four-years' course of study in the University at Lock Haven, Penn., graduating with the degree of B. A. He then took a course in the Medical Department of Michigan University from which he was graduated in 1881. Subsequently he took a special course in the Medical College at Buffalo, N. Y., and, after some years of practice in Michigan and Kansas, he attended Rush Medical College of Chicago, taking his degree in 1891, since which time he has been a practitioner of Bowling Green.

C ustar. - Herman Mannhardt is a native of Wurttemberg, Germany, entered the common schools of his country at the age of five years, the Latin or high school at seven, and completed the course when fourteen years old. He then immediately began the study of medicine with his father, Dr. F. Mannhardt; at sixteen he entered the standing army, was promoted from step to step to assistant surgeon, in which capacity he served during the Austro-Prussian campaign of 1866. He took his discharge in 1867, and immediately came to Galion, Ohio, where he practiced medicine with his father until 1868, when he came to Custar, and has resided and practiced his profession there ever since. In 1876 he went to Cincinnati, took a course of lectures and graduated.

North Baltimore - Albert G. Henry is a native of Ohio, and was graduated from the Ada (Ohio) Normal School. He read medicine under Drs. Baldwin and Yoder. In 1873 he graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Michigan, and commenced practicing medicine at North Baltimore in June of the same year. In 1881 he completed a post-graduate course in Columbus (Ohio) Medical College. The Doctor has been closely identified with the growth of North Baltimore, and is extensively interested in the business of the place.

W. T. Thomas was born in this State, and was ten years of age before learning to speak the English language. He then went to a select school at Weston, and later attended one at South Toledo, and when seventeen years of age began teaching. He followed this occupation for eleven years, studying medicine in the meantime. He was graduated from Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in May, 1881, and soon after located in the practice at North Baltimore, where he has been a successful practitioner. He served for four years as postmaster at North Baltimore. In 1893, after resigning the postmastership, the Doctor attended the Chicago Polyclinic, in which he took a post-graduate course.

D. W. Reddin was born near Findlay, Ohio, and remained on his father's farm in Hancock county until he was thirteen years of age, since which time he has been self supporting. For two years he attended the high school at Findlay, and for two years was a student of Simpson College, Iowa. He was also for a time a student at Valparaiso (Ind.) Normal School, and at the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio. He read medicine for a year and a half in the office of Dr. T. C. Ballard, of Findlay, and at the age of twenty-one was graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Michigan. He then spent a year in the hospitals of New York City and Philadelphia, and after a year's travel he located at Findlay, where he practiced

J. R. Archer is a native of this county. He taught school for five years, and at the end of that time took up the study of medicine. He was graduated from Starling Medical College at Columbus, Ohio, in 1887, and located in the practice at Holgate, in Henry county. He remained there one year, and then came to North Baltimore.

J. G. Ames was graduated from Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago, in 1889; Dr. Peters, formerly of Pemberville; Charles L. Tilton and J. H. Stoner located in 1891, and H. T. Somers in 1893.

J. E. Sommers was born on board of a ship on the Atlantic ocean, while his parents were on their way from Germany to this country. He grew up in this county, and in 1889 began the study of medicine under Dr. Bryant, of Toledo. In 1892 he was graduated from the Cincinnati Medical College, with the degree of M. D., and began his professional career in North Baltimore soon after his graduation.

Weston - Geo. B. Spencer is a native of New York State, and grew up in Huron county, this State. He served for three years in the late Civil war, and on his return home attended Oberlin College one year, then began the study of medicine with Dr. Sykes, of Plymouth, and completed his preparation for the profession at the Western Reserve Medical College, graduating in 1867, with honors - being the valedictorian of the class. He first located at Tiffin, then practiced for a time at Shiloh, Richland county, and in 1870 permanently located at Weston. The Doctor has served two terms as a member of the General Assembly of the State, and has held a number of minor offices in Weston.

James W. Williams is a native of this State. He early prepared himself for teaching, and while so engaged began the study of medicine. For a time he was associated with his uncle, Dr. Ephraim Llewellen, in the drug business at Delaware, Ohio, and with him furthered his medical studies. In May, 1875, he was graduated from a medical school in Cincinnati, and in June of that year located at Weston. In 1884, he took the practitioner's course in Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, at Chicago.

W. W. Hill is a native of the township in which he now resides, and at the age of ten years started out to do for himself, and at the age of fifteen years, in the fall of 1862, entered . the army and served with honor to himself and credit to the nation until the war closed. He was three times wounded and lost his left leg by amputation as a result of a wound received August 20, 1864, at Jonesboro, Ga. On his return from the war he attended the schools at Weston. He taught school for a time, and was a clerk in a store. Ip 1 880, he became a student in the Western Reserve University at Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1883 at the Toledo Medical College, and was graduated from the latter in July of that year. He began practice at Weston, where he has met with success. He is a skillful surgeon, and an able physician. He has been the mayor of Weston, and served in other official relations. A family sketch will be; found elsewhere.

Pemberville. - Rubellus J. Simon was born on a farm in this county. His parents had both been teachers, and his early schooling was received under them. He was in attendance for nine months at the Poland Union Seminary. He then received a teacher's certificate, and for a period taught school. Subsequently he attended the high school at Findlay, and later was two years at Oberlin College. He studied medicine under Dr. S. B. Emerson, of Eagleville, and, in 1873, was graduated from the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, and in August of the same year opened an office at Pemberville, where he has since been actively engaged in the practice of medicine, and is a successful physician. Dr. Simon has been a member of the board of education for six years, and was for four years one of the city council.

David B. Brown is a native of this State. The first seven years of his life were passed on the home farm near Mt. Gilead. In 1859 he became a resident of Wood county. After some years spent in the district and public schools he taught school for a time, and in 1872 commenced the study of medicine at Freeport under Dr. N. W. Goodrick, with whom he remained two years. In 1874-5 he attended lectures in the Cincinnati Medical College, and was graduated in 1876. He first practiced for several years at Sherwood, in Defiance county, and in 1881 came to Pemberville, where he continues to give his attention to his profession.

D. S. Williams, who located in 1873, died in in 1879; L. L. Loomis, who was a physician near Scotch Ridge for many years, moved to Pemberville in the "eighties;" W. S. Loomis, of Toledo, formerly practiced here. W. D. Stewart was a graduate from Wooster University in 1874. Dr. Allen came in later years.

S. S. Dilley was born in Ohio. His early schooling was received mainly at Jerry City. He for a time followed barbering, and then began the study of medicine with Dr. Bryant, ex-sheriff of the county. He was in attendance one term at the Medical College at Fort Wayne, Ind., and two terms at the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Institute, from which he was graduated in 1894. He at once located in Pemberville, where he still follows his profession. The Doctor is a contributor to the New York Medical journals.

Tontogany. - B. F. Davis is a native of the State of New York. Until sixteen years of age he attended the usual district schools, then a select school at Centerburg. At the age of nineteen he began teaching, and, later, was one term a student in the college at Iberia, Ohio, and one term at the college at Delaware, Ohio. In the spring of 1859 he began reading medicine in the office of Drs. Russell & Thompson, of Mt. Vernon, Ohio; in the winter of 1861-62 he attended lectures at Ann Arbor, Mich., and in 1862-63 at Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, from which latter he was graduated in February, 1863. The following March he was commissioned assistant surgeon of the 44th Regiment O. V. I., and served throughout the war. On being mustered out in 1865 the Doctor located in practice at Tontogany. In 1872, in connection with his brother, he opened a drug store in the same village, and is still in the business.

A. Eddmon was born near the city of Philadelphia, Penn. He received a liberal education, graduating from Halle University, Germany, in the departments of literature and medicine. He was the assistant surgeon on the steamer " Limenia" and visited several of the countries of South America, the Society Islands, and Tahiti, a French port. He was in the drug business for a time in San Francisco and also in Germany, and in the latter country was an assistant to an old surgeon. Subsequently he was graduated (1877) from Physio Eclectic Medical College, at Cincinnati, Ohio, and the same year located at Custar, this county, and in December, 1877, came to Tontogany. He was mayor of Tontogany for j six years, has served as clerk, and has been a notary public since 1879. He is also engaged in the drug business.

Bloomdale. - E. H. Chilcote is a native of this county, a farmer's son. He attended the district schools, and later the schools at Fostoria, and for a time was engaged in school teaching, and then entered Miami Medical College at Cincinnati, and was graduated in 1871. He began practice at Van Buren, and three years later moved to Bairdstown, where he remained two years. In 1890 he came to Bloomdale.

S At the age of nine years his parents removed to North Baltimore, in the public schools of which place young McClaran received his education. He became a telegraph operator, which vocation he followed for some time, and was also a bookkeeper and accountant for a time. He attended Starling Medical College at Columbus, entering in September, 1891. Later he was a student in the Nashville (Tenn.) Medical College, from which he w'as graduated in 1893. He returned to North Baltimore, and there practiced for a short time, and then located at Bloomdale.

Bradncr. - T. S. Carman, one of the old pioneer doctors of the county, was born in Queen Anne county, Md., in 1808, and in early boyhood was taken to Baltimore by his parents. His father, before the war of 1812, was a prosperous business man of that city. The war brought failure to the father, and at the age of eleven years the son was left fatherless and thrown on his own resources. Later on he learned dentistry, and for a time followed the profession. Along in the latter part of the "thirties" he located in Wood county and practiced medicine, and was at the same time engaged in other lines. Later he was in business, and practiced medicine at Prairie Depot. He finally, in 1889, settled at Bradner. He has been a shrewd business man and a good financier, and is a man of means. An extended sketch of his life and family appear elsewhere.

Dr. Johnson was graduated from the Starling Medical College, of Columbus, in 1881, and came to succeed Dr. Taggart, the first physician of the settlement. Dr. Caris has been in practice since 1867. Dr. Schnetzler came in 1886, and in 1888 removed to Wisconsin. J. E. Furste, a graduate of the Northwestern Ohio Medical College, in 1888. As hitherto stated, the pio- ! neer physician of Fremont came into this district as early as 1832.

Risingsun. - H. L. Byington is a native of the State of New York, born on a farm. He grew up as the usual farmer's son, and after the district schools studied for a time in P'ranklin

Academy, and also at Malone, N. Y. He taught school several terms, beginning at eighteen years of age. Soon after he became of age he came West, and later took a preliminary course of study with Dr. Knestrick, of Bloomingville, Ohio. In February, 1876, he was graduated from the Physio-Medical College at Cincinnati. He began his professional career in Fostoria in the fall of 1876, and in the fall of 1880 he located at Risingsun. He has served six years as a member of the council, and in 1893 was appointed one of the board of pension examiners.

J. H. Burnett was born near Forest, Ohio. He attended the high school of Forest, and then the Northwestern Ohio Normal School, at Ada. He began teaching at seventeen. Later he studied medicine with Drs. Lillibridge and Gammel. In June, 1881, he was graduated from the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, and in August following began the practice of medicine at Risingsun.

H. E. Noble is a native of the State of New York; came with the family to Huron county, Ohio, at the age of five years. At the age of eleven years his father's family removed to Lucas county. The son's literary education was received in the common schools of these counties, and completed at the Delta high school when he was eighteen, after which he began the study -of medicine and entered the Detroit Medical College in 1877. He completed the course in 1879, then located at Swanton, in Fulton county, and there practiced until 1883. He then entered the Toledo Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1884, and then located at Stony Ridge. Subsequently he attended special lectures in New York City, and was graduated from the New York Institute in 1891. The Doctor removed to Toledo, Ohio, in 1896.

Portage. - With the old physicians named in former pages were Dr. Merriam and Dr. J. W. McCracken, who were here in the "seventies." Later came A. C. Canfield, who moved to Toledo. W. E. Hughes was graduated from the University of Buffalo, N. Y. , in 1875.

Thomas W. Knight was born in Taunton, England. In 1861 his father and family came to America, and in 1876 to Wood, county, Ohio. He attended a French school on the Isle of Guernsey, and learned to speak the French language fluently. He attended the public schools of Sandusky City, and later taught school. He took up the study of medicine under the direction of his mother, who had been a practitioner for many years. In March, 1893, he was graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College, of Chicago, and located in Portage in the practice of his profession in May following.

Emerson Webster Fisher is a native of Pennsylvania. He attended the schools of Selin's Grove, the place of his birth, until the family's removal to Nebraska. He was in the neighborhood schools of that State, and later continued his studies in the academy at Homer, and one term in a Nebraska college. In the winter of 1888-89 he was a student in the Midland College at Atchison, Kans. He was graduated in March, 1892, from Rush Medical College, of Chicago, and at once began practicing at Ponca, Neb., and four months later came to Wood county. For a short time he was in the office with Dr. Snyder, of Bowling Green, and in December, 1892, located at Portage.

Luckcy. - G. F. Peabody is a native of Michigan. He completed his literary education in the high school of Portland, Mich. In 1890 he was graduated from the Toledo (Ohio) Medical College, and began the practice of medicine at Smithfield. He remained at the latter place until coming to Luckey in 1892. Dr. Peabody was a matriculate of the Michigan College of Medicine in 1888, and is a registered pharmacist by examination in 1893.

Jerry City. - J. M. Grau is a native of Ohio. At the age of nineteen he entered Geauga Seminary at Chester and was there for three years. He had been self-supporting from an early age, and was a school teacher for a time. He began reading medicine under Dr. W. I. Lyman, of Chester Cross Roads, and in the fall of 1889 became a student at the Western Reserve College, Cleveland. Later he was a student in the University of Vermont. He was graduated from Starling Medical College, Columbus, in March, 1892, and in July following located in the practice at Jerry City.

J. F. Wollam was born in this county, and in the schools of Bloom and Portage townships, and in the Normal School at Ada, received his education. He was for fourteen years a school teacher in this county. He began reading medicine under Dr. J. H. Whitehead, of Bowling Green. He later attended Hahnemann Medical College, of Chicago, and in 1892 commenced practice at Jerry City.

Hoytvillc. - Miner Wadsworth was born in Ohio, and grew up on a farm. At the age of eighteen years he entered the public schools of Scio, in Harrison county, and remained one year. He then taught two years. In 1876 he came to Wood county and taught for a time, then took up the study of medicine and carried on a small drug store in Hoytville. Later (in 1882) he was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa, and now has a good practice at Hoytville.

Haskins. - E. J. Greenfield, W. R. Medical College, 1881 ; Fred. L. Meagley, of Toledo, born near Haskins, graduated as a physician in 1889 and established himself at Toledo.

Le Moyne. - Dr. Gardner. Berlie W. Mercer, of Liberty township, received a commonschool education, then was two years in attendance in the Normal School at Ada, Ohio. He subsequently taught school for two years in this county. In 1894 he entered the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, preparing to practice medicine.

In this list a fesv names may have been overlooked, for there is no register of physicians to be found in the court house, and the Ohio Medical Directory is not complete, nor do the records of the old or modern medical societies pretend to cover all the names. Enough has been given, however, to show the beginnings of the profession in this county and its development.

The Maumee l 'alley Medical Association was organized at Maumee, June 6, 1842, with Dr. Horatio Conant, president pro tan. The permanent officers were E. D. Peck, of Perrysburg, president; Harvey Burritt, of Maumee, vicepresident; Cornelius Matthews, of Toledo, secretary; Oscar White, of Maumee, treasurer; Calvin Smith, of Toledo, and Horace Green, of Sylvania, with John H. Van Avery, C. L. Ramsay and Nathaniel Dustin, censors. Among the unofficial constituent members were Dr. Conant, George R. Perkins, H. S. Woodworth, Charles McLean,

John Mosher, Justus Wright and William St. Clair. All of the physicians named practiced in Wood county, Doctors Conant, Peck and Burritt being the pioneers of the profession, best known among the early settlers. Dr. Conant, as told in the chapter on the Bench and Bar, and in that on Political affairs, was closely connected with the administration of Wood county from 1820 to 1835, and, prior to 1820, held the commission of justice of the peace for Erie county, from the Governor of Michigan Territory. Dr. Burritt settled at Grand Rapids in 1833, and was the postmaster, druggist and physician of that district until 1852, when he moved to Maumee, while Dr. Peck may be said to have passed his life at Perrysburg, except during his Congressional services at Washington, D. C.

The Wood County Medical Society was organized March 7, 1877 - Dr. J. W. McCracken presiding, with Dr. J. C. Lincoln, secretary. On that day the temporary officers named were elected to hold their respective positions for the ensuing year, while Dr. J. H. Rheinfrank was elected vice-president, Dr. A. J. Manville, treasurer, and H. A. Hamilton, librarian. The constitution, as drafted by the secretary and treasurer, was adopted, and the society became an accomplished fact. The roll of membership embraced the following named medical men : J. C. Lincoln, who graduated from Rush Medical College, Chicago, February 1, 1871 ; J. W. McCracken, a graduate of Michigan University, March 28, 1866 ; W. M. Tuller, from Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, February 17; 1876; Andrew J. Manville, from Bellevue Medical College, New York, February 24, 1866; Charles R. Hume, from University of Michigan, March 25, 1874; J. L. Heller, from same college on same day ; B. F. Leet (deceased), University of Buffalo, in February, i860; George F. Wright, from Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, March 4, 1873 ; John H. Norris, from Wooster College, Cleveland, February 28, 1877 ; J. L. Tracy, from Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, in February, 1877; W. D. Stewart, from Wooster College, Cleveland, February 28, 1874; J. W. Rudulph, from Columbus Medical College, February 27, 1877 ; George B. Spencer, from Western Reserve Medical College, in February, 1867 ; William E. Hughes, from Buffalo University, in February, 1874 ; W. C. McKrill, at Cleveland in February, 1877 ; G. Higgins, at Cincinnati, in 1856 ; O. H. Sullivan, at Indianapolis, in 1874; J. H. Rheinfrank, from University of Michigan in 1864 ; H. A. Hamilton, from University of New York, in 1852 ; J. S. Bowers, from Detroit Medical Col- lege, 1 88 1 ; G. W. Pennington, from Kentucky School of Medicine, in 1 88 1 ; C. S. St. John, from Wooster College, Cleveland, in 1883, and J. B. Alford, from Western Reserve and Wooster Colleges, Cleveland, 1881. In May, 1877, Samuel Downs was named as an honorary member. Dr. J. F. Robertson was admitted a member in June, and Drs. McCracken and Davis appointed delegates to the State Medical Society's convention to seek recognition for the Wood County Society.

The election of January, 1878, resulted in the choice of Dr. McCracken for president ; Charles R. Hi^me, vice-president ; J. C. Lincoln, secretary ; W. M. Fuller, treasurer, and J. H. Norris, librarian. In October, Dr. Chapman, of Toledo, was elected an honorary member. Dr. J. H. Carothers, named at that time, located in the county, while Drs. Thom and Colamore, of Toledo, were chosen honorary members. In February, 1879, Dr. Lincoln was elected president; Dr. A. J. Manville, vice-president ; Dr. George W. Wright, secretary, and Dr. G. B. Spencer, treasurer, with Drs. Tuller, Hume and Heller a board of examiners.

In June, 1879, Dr. Tuller was appointed secretary, vice Wright removed from this county. Dr. H. H. Callin was admitted at this meeting. In October, Dr. Hughes, of Portage, with Dr. Mead, were regular members, and Dr. Hagg, of Texas, Henry county, named as an honorary member. The officers of 1879 were re-elected in February, 1880. In 1881 Dr. Hughes took the former treasurer's place, the other officers being re-elected. In November, 1882, Horace Babcock, of Maumee, and S. F. Forbes, of Toledo, were chosen honorary members. During the three years, ending that month, many valuable essays were read before the society, and a large number of surgical and medical phenomena brought to the attention of the members. In January, 1883, W. M. Tuller was elected president; J. L. Heller, secretary; J. H. Rheinfrank, vice-president, and J. C. Lincoln, treasurer. On that date a by-law admitting dentists to membership was adopted. For several causes, the society slept from that time until April 23, 1886, when Dr. G. W. Pennington was elected president; Dr. Bowers, vice-president; Dr. Higgins, secretary, and Dr. Lincoln, treasurer. A month after the society assembled at Weston, and appointed Doctors Hamilton, Rheinfrank, Lincoln and Tuller to the State Medical Society's convention. In May, 1887, Dr. Alford, of Grand Rapids, was chosen president; Dr. Higgins, vice-president; Dr. St. John, secretary; Dr. Tuller, treasurer, and Doctors Sullivan, Tuller, Alford and Lincoln, delegates to the medical convention. In April, 1888, Doctors Alford and Tuller were appointed delegates to the Cincinnati Meeting of the American Medical Association, and Doctors Lincoln, Spencer, Rheinfrank and Stewart to that of the State Association. This was the last meeting of the old Medical Society; but the record tells of a meeting, ordered to be held in June of that year, of which there is no further notice taken. Dr.

Wood County Physicians' Association may be said to date back to August 27, 1889, when Drs. Hughes, E. P. Thomas and Canfield, of Portage; Tuller, Whitehead, McKendree, Hill, Sanglier, Richardson and St. John, of Bowling Green, met in Dr. Richardson's office, with the object of organizing a society of medical men for mutual benefit. E. O. Richardson presided, with C. S. St. John, secretary. On September 10, a second meeting was held here, whereat were present Doctors Spencer and Hill, of Weston, Greenfield, of Haskins, and the physicians who were present at the first meeting. The constitution was adopted, and within a short time bore the signatures of the following named members: L. E. Sanglier, J. H. Whitehead, E. O.

Richardson, Willis M. Tuller, F. W. Rogers, Emily A. Hill (the first female physician), J. C. Lincoln, C. S. St. John, G. Higgins, J. A. Estill, W. S. Wells, P. Kendall, M. A. McKendree, and J. C. Snyder, all of Bowling Green; E. P. Thomas, A. E. Canfield and W. E. Hughes, of Portage; George B. Spencer, J. W. Williams and W. W. Hill, of Weston; W. B. Bryant, of Jerry City; A. Eddmon, of Tontogany; W. D. Stewart, D. B. Brown and L. L. Loomis, of Pemberville; J. H. Rheinfrank and I. S. Bowers, of Perrysburg; W. S. Loomis, of Luckev, and

F. P. Bruntha'ver, of Dowling. In October, 1889, E. O. Richardson was elected president; C. S. St. John, secretary; and J. H. Whitehead, treasurer. A schedule of fees, or rates for medical services, was then adopted. In 1890, Dr. Higgins was elected president; Dr. Williams, vice-president; Dr. McKendree, secretary; and Dr. Whitehead, treasurer. Dr. Houseman was then a member of the association. In October, 1891, Doctors Williams, Canfield, Sanglier and Rogers, were elected to the respective offices. Dr. Garner (or Gardner) was admitted a member in 1891, but other physicians, such as Doctors Schooley, Riley, Chilcote and Pope, were not then enrolled, though invitations to become mem- bers were extended to them. In addition to the physicians named, more than one native of this county entered the profession - among them being James L. Tracy, a resident of Toledo since 1873, and Dr. Hollington, both natives of Bowling Green. J. D. Archer, of Holgate, Parker Baker, of Findlay, Cloyse McMurray, who died in Wayne county in 1894, and a few others.

Chapter Xviii

Wood County in the War of the Rebellion - First War Meeting - First Companies - Regimental Sketches - Roster of Wood County Soldiers - Local Military Matters - Conclusion.

OHIO may be justly proud of the soldiers sent out from this county, to give battle to the brave men marshalled under the Confederate flag, and to shatter, forever, the Machiavelian doctrine, in which they believed, and for which they fought.

The population of Wood county, in i860, was 17,886. The county was just emerging from pioneer conditions when the tocsin of war sounded and resounded through the settlements, calling the young men to arms and warning all, even the old, to prepare for war.

The call was promptly answered, the county sending forth more men than the State could equip, or the United States receive, under the first call of the President. A month satisfied the government that the Confederacy was a fratricide, aiming at nothingelse than the conquest and subjection of the Northern States, and the total annihilation of the Abolitionists and their principles. Realizing the gravity of the situation, the call of April 15 for 75,000 men was supplemented, May 3, by one for 42,034 men to serve three years, and overshadowed by that of July 1, 1862, for 300,000 men. Under the first and third calls, Wood county sent out over 740 men, the majority of whom served three years. The draft brought others into service, while the liberal bounty offered by the county, and the liberal aid tendered to families of soldiers, urged many to enter the ranks of the regiments, and thus Wood county furnished to the Union army a full quota, equal to about one in every ten of the population of i860.