Bandera County, Texas - The whole text, 1922 (part 2 of 5)

Tom Click Has A Narrow Escape

One day in 1866, Tom Click, one of the early settlers of Bandera countj^ dashed up to the ranch of John A. Jones on Myrtle Creek and called for Mr. Jones to come to him, as he had been wounded by Indians. He was bareheaded and his horse was almost exhausted from fast running. He was assisted into the house and given first aid treatment for an arrow wound in the back, and a negro was sent to Bandera after a doctor, who, when he came and examined the wound, pronounced that it had been made with a poisoned arrow. Mr. Click related that while coming through Bandera Pass he was ambushed by a party of Indians and he had a desperate run for his life. He headed for the Jones ranch, three miles away, with the Indians close behind him, shooting arrows and yelling loudly. One of the feathered shafts struck him in the back, but he pulled it out as he ran and used it as a switch to urge his horse faster. One big buck ran close enough to almost catch the bridle of Mr. Click's horse, but some bushes interferred and he (juickly outdistanced the Indian. As they came in sight of the Jones ranch the Indians gave up the chase.

Mr, Click suffered great agony, and came near dying from the wound. It was believed that the arrow spike had been poisoned with the venom of a rattlesnake, and the doctor had to administer strychnine to counteract the poison. It was a long time before he finally recovered, but the flesh around the wound rotted out and fell away. Tne fleetness of his horse is all that saved Mr. Click from savage fury, as he was unarmed, and unable to defend himself.

Pipe Creek Pioneers Vvkitten By Mrs. Minnie Edwards. Pipe Creek. Texas

I greatly treasure the Tnemories of the early days, and remember many interesting episodes as handed down by my parents. Rev. J. W. Scott and wife, and my venerable grandfather, Jerry Scott. They were among the first settlers on Pipe Creek in Bandera county, coming here in May 1872, when Indians were making devastating raids into this section. Grandfather Jerry Scott settled on the East Prong of Pipe Creek, and built a house of cypress timber which he secured over on the Medina river, and had it made into lumber at the nearest sawmill, several miles away. He lived on this location many years and was known to all of the old settlers. His home was always open to preachers, and the circuit riders always made their headquarters there, among them being Jack Potter, "the fighting parson." Grandfather often made the old fashioned rawhide bottom chairs, and some of these chairs are still in use in this county. After the country settled up and the Indian raids were at an end. Grandfather moved to the town of Bandera and owned a nice home on the river, on the west side. While there their only daughter, Mrs. Maggie Carver, died, leaving her husband, Dick Carver, and four little children. Grandpa and Grandma Scott took the four children to raise and placed them in school until they were old enough to do farm work, then Grandfather bought a ranch north of Bandera, on Myrtle Creek, and moved there. Later he returned to Bandera and died there in 1894. The old home place there was washed away, with all improvements, in the great flood in 1900. Grandma Scott, who was known to all of the early settlers as ''Aunt Jane," made her home with her youngest son, John Scott, but died at my home in 1908.

My father. Rev. J. AV. Scott, first settled on Red Bluff, a small stream about three miles east of Pipe Creek. I was born there November 28, 1872, being the second child. While we lived on Red Bluff, our nearest neighbor was Marion Hodges. Father often hauled cedar timber to San Antonio to sell to obtain supplies, and when he was on one of these trips, Mother, with her two children, went to spend the night with Mr. Hodges' family. The next morning she went home very early to milk the cows, and found a calf with an arrow sticking in its side, She hurried back to Mr. Hodges' and gave the alarm. A party of men was organized and took the trail of the Indians but did not overtake them.

Fatner moved up on the headwaters of Pipe Creek, near (irandfather Jerry Scott's place, and liere the Indians often slipped in and stole their horses. At one time some Mexicans discovered a bunch of Indians on a mountain near our place, painting and feathering themselves preparatory to an attack on father and a Mexican who were clearing land not far from the house. They hastened to notify us and the Indians, no doubt seeing they had been discovered, went out another way. At another time father hired a Mexican named Felipe to clear some land on the West Prong of Pipe Creek. He failed to come in one night and when search was made he was found dead - murdered by Indians. The place was afterwards called

Felipe Springs. My father built a house and we lived there many years. There were eight children in our family, seven girls and one boy, and all lived to be grown and married before ever tasting a dose of medicine from a doctor. Mother was a good nurse and always kept good homeopathic remedies for our ills.

My father was raised on the frontier, in Comanche county, and was inured to all the dangers incident to pioneer life. He was converted in 1891, and became a faithful devoted minister in the Holiness Methodist church, and by his teaching of the Word of God so planted it in the minds of his children that they will never forget it. He died suddenly with paralysis of the heart May 18, 1915, at Polly's Peak, where he improved his last earthly' home. Mother was called to join him September 9, 1919.

The first postoffice on Pipe Creek was in a little log house where Silven Odem now lives, and A. M. Beekman was the first postmaster. The first store was owned by Mrs. Marion Hodges on what is known as the old Hodges place, just under the hill on the west side of Pipe Creek village, where Mr. Hodges settled after he left Red Blurt'.

The same year we came here also came Mr. Chris Anderson, a native of Denmark, who is still living on the place he settled so many years ago. He and his good wife are well advanced in years, both being near eighty years old They have always enjoyed good health and, despite many inconveniences, have raised and educated their children - two boys and two girls, (vharlie, Fred, Laura and Lillie Anderson. All grew to be useful and highly respected citizens. With the disadvantage of living about five miles from school these children managed to advance and finished in college. Charlie Anderson became a teacher, Fred Anderson became a physician, but died of influenza during the World War, Miss Lillie Anderson taught school a few years, and then married a Mr. Brown and is now living at Sanderson, Texas : Miss Laura Anderson married W. M. Wallace, and now lives at Pipe Creek.

Mrs. Mary Jane Walker

Born in Claiborne Parisli, La., November 18, 1834, and now in the 88th year of her age, Mrs. Mary Jane Walker, nee Moore, looks serenely back upon the great span of years that interv^ene between her childhood days and the glorious present, and rejoices that she has lived to see the wonderful changes that have taken place. Grandma Walker makes her home with her son, John Travis Walker, and family on Chalk Creek, Bandera county. She came to Texas with her parents in 1853, and located near Austin. On June 22, 1857, she was married to William Andrew Walker, in Blanco county. After living in Blanco and Llano county for awhile she and her husband came to Bandera county that same year, 1857, remaining here awhile, then went back to Llano county. They returned to Bandera in 1866 and located on Laxson's Creek, afterwards buying the Joe W. Minear place there. Nine children were born to them, four of whom are still living, Mrs. Cynthia Artie Reed of Lima, John Travis Walker of Bluff, Joseph Daniel Walker of Seymour, Mrs. Selina Argie Ferguson of Pear Valley.

One of the early day trageilies was the killing of Mrs. Walker's brother, Joseph W. Moore, and his wife by Indians above Medina, an account of which is given elsewhere in this book. Another tragedy that brought sorrow into her home was the killing of Mrs. Walker's mother, Mrs. William Moore, in 1873. Mrs. Moore was living at the Walker home on Laxson's Creek, and one day started to walk over to the home of a neighbor, Mrs. Curtis, about a mile away. The

Indians came upon her when she was only a short distance from the house, and shot and lanced her to death. The family, hearing her screams, rushed out in time to see the Indians fleeing. Mr. Walker hastened to where she had fallen and found her in a dying condition. It is believed that this band of Indians were led by a renegade white man. but his identity was never satisfactorily established. They passed on down the valley, and killed a horse* on Pipe Cieek. Mrs. Moore was buried next day at the Arnold cemetery. She left four children, but Mrs. Walker is the only one now living.

Mrs. Walker's husband, William Andrew W^alker, died November 25, 1909, aged 82 years. He was a brother to James W. Walker who now lives on Laxson's Creek. Nearly forty years ago Grandma Walker obeyed the gospel and was baptized into Christ, during a meeting that was held by Elder Alexander, one of the earliest gospel preachers to visit this section. She has remained faithful all these years and. notwithstanding the infirmities of age she seldom misses thr worship on the Lord's Day.

In 1897 her son, John Travis Walker, bought a ranch tract on Chalk Creek, built a home, and has resided there ever since. He was married January 20, 1897, to Miss Myrtie Yoast of Laxson's Creek. They have three children, John Travis, Jr., of Seymour. William and Clara, at home. Mr. Walker, though quite small at the time his grandmother was killed, remembers seeing the Indians running away after they had committed tho brutal (leed.

One of the early settlers on Pipe Creek, in Bandera county, was Francis Marion Hodges, who came to this section some time in 1870, and pre-empted a homestead of 160 acres on Red Bluff Creek, moving his familj' thereto, and lived there for a number of years. He sold this pre-emption to a German named Finck and then moved to Pipe Creek, where he bought 160 acres from a man named Munday. Here he resided until his death, which occurred February 21, 1888. Mr. Hodges came from Missouri to Texas in 1859, and located in Erath county, and afterwards lived in McCulloch and Kendall counties. When he came to Bandera county he became the first settler on Red Bluff Creek. He was known to all of the old timers and held in high esteem. Wheli he died he left a wife and six children. Mrs. Hodges died at San Antonio in 1892. One daughter, Mrs. Emma McKeen, died in San Antonio several years ago. The surviving children are Mrs Mary Beekman of California, John F. Hodges of Bandera, Mrs Annie Jacobson of Rockport, Texas; James N. Hodges, a merchant of Junction, Texas; Francis M. Hodges a ranchman of Junction, Texas.

His son, John F. Hodges, married Miss Ollie Lee in Anderson county, and now lives in Bandera. Mrs. Hodges is Bandera county's efficient treasurer. They have four children, two girls and two boys, Rufus M. Hodges of Beaumont, Mrs. Verna E. Wallace of San Antonio, Miss Emma Hodges and John Franklin Hodges of Bandera.

One of the best known citizens of Handera county was Mr. J. A. V. Pue, who died in Bandera February 20, 1918. Mr. Pue was born near ?:ilicott City, Md., July 20, 1841. He graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle, Penn.. in 1859, enlisted in the Confederate Army at the beginning of the war, and served thi-oughout the four years of conflict. He was wounc'ed at the battle of Gettysburg. He came to Texas in 1865, and to Bandera county in 1866. locating ten miles northwest of Bandera town, on Hick's Creek, where he built a cypress log cabin and lived there many years. This cabin is still standing. During a period of the reconstruction days after the war, when the county's affairs were badly tangled and needed a master hand to adjust them, Mr. Pue was appointed county judge, and served very acceptably for somr time, or until he resigned to devote his attention to his ranch interests. He was married in Bandera April 5, 1882, to Miss Jeanie L. Carpenter, a granddaughter of Governor Isaac Shelby of Kentucky. Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Pue. four of whom are living, Arthur V. Pue, Miss Nannie Pue, Miss Pauline Pue, who reside at the old homestead, and Percy A. Pue, who lives at Port Neches, Texas. Mrs. Pue died July 28, 1902.

The eldest son, Arthur V. Pue, is a prominent citizen of Bandera, and is a successful stockman. His wife before marriage was Miss Flossie de Montel, daughter of Charles de Montel, a pioneer citizen of this section. They have six children.

The other son, Percy A. Pue, married Miss Virginia Coorpender, of the Medina community. They have resided at Port Neches the past four years.

Murder Of Mr. And Mrs. Moore

The following appeared in the San Antonio Light, April 2, 1921. and gives sucli full account of the killing of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph W. Moore that the article is here reproduced:

Center Point, Texas, April 2, 1921. - The death here on March 21 of Mrs. Amanda Lee, 57 years old, recalled one of those early day tragedies which so often cast gloom over the frontier communities. Mrs. Lee was born in Blanco county in 1863, and came to Bandera couhty when quite young with her parents, Joseph Walker Moore and Elizabeth Moore. They settled on the Medina river, about eight miles above the present Medina City. They built a comfortable frontier home and lived in peace and quiet until 1872. Other members of the family were William, 11; Alfred 7; John Travis, 6; George Washington, 4, and Mary Ann, infant. On Sunday, July 4, 1872, Mr. Moore went visiting in a wagon drawn by a yoke of oxen, having his wife and four of the children with him. Thej' were Amanda, who was ten years old at that time, and John George and Mary Ann. William and Alfred were left at the home of John Walker, uncle by marriage. In the evening while returning from the visit and near home, Mr. Moore got out of the wagon in order to drive carefullj^ dow n a steep hill into the bed of a small creek. A band of Indians were lying in wait here, aware that someone was coming by the noise of the wagon rattling over the rocks. The first intimation Mr. Moore had of the presence of Indians was the exclamation of Amanda, "Papa, there is some men!" The Indians had just raised up from thoir place of concealment and one of them shot an arrow into Mr. Moore and mortally wounded him. He tried to get back into the wagon but was not able to do so and after holding on to the wagon bed a few moments sank back and expired. Mrs. Moore was on the wagon seat with the baby in her arms and an Indian shot an arrow into her breast with such force that it passed through her body. She fell backwards into the wagon, dead. Amanda took the baby and held it in her arms during all of this exciting time. The oxen, being scared, ran off with the wagon and only one Indian followed. He kept to the side of it and tried to kill the children with a butcher knife. He repeatedly stabbed at the baby but Amanda saved its life by jerking the child to one side. It was wounded however, in the back of the neck. Amanda also received a bad cut in the side. George, the four-yearold boy was wounded with the knife on tlie back of the neck. The Indian tried to pull John Travis out of the wagon at the rear end but he hung on and the Indian could not get him out.

The house of John Walker was not far off and the Indian finally abandoned his efforts to kill the children and left them. John Travis was the only one unhurt, and when the Indian left, stopped the oxen and turned them towards Mr. Walker's. Mr. Walker was away from home that day and his family seeing the Indians some time during the day, ran away. When Mr. Walker returned in the evening and found his folks gone he was very uneasy and started out to hunt for them. He met tlie Moore wagon and as soon as he learned what had happened he went to the sceni' of the killing. The dead were buried and the children taken care of in the home of Mr. Walker until Joe Smith, an uncle, came from Blanco county, near Round Mountain, and carried them away. Not long after the killing of Mr. Moore and his wife the Indians made another raid and killed Mr. Moore's mother. The old lady was going to see Mrs. Curtis who was sick and a band of Indians attacked and killed her near the house of Mr. Walker. He heard her screaming and armed himself and repaired to the scene as soon as he could but the Indians had done their work quickly and were gone. Mrs. Moore was lying on her face, having been lanced to death. These raiding bands were followed by settlers but the county being mountainous and brushy eluded a successful pursuit and made their escape.

The body of Mrs. Lee was carried back and buried near the old home and the graves of her parents. Besides her husband, Joseph Lee, she left four daughters, Mrs. Mary Neill of Camp Verde, Mrs. Eulia Bartley of Center Point, Mrs. Lexia Reed who lives near Medina City, and Miss Janey Ray Lee; a sister, Mrs. Mary Ann Turner who was with Mrs. Lee when she died, lives in San Antonio. Her husband Samuel P. Turner, is in the employ of the government. Mrs. Turner is the baby whose life was saved by her brave sister during the Indian attack.

Lived In A Pole Pen

Bluff Creek in 1870, this was a wild country, all open and full of deer, turkey, bear, wild hogs and wild Indians. Our home was a pole pen with a tent stretched inside . Our nearest neighbor, a man named Granger, lived across the mountains, eight miles away. Every light moon the Indians would come into the country to steal horses. One time, when father was away from home, they stole two mares and colts from us but the animals got away from them and came running home. One of them was shot between the shoulders with an arrow and the other was lanced in the neck. We put them in the pen and mother took a gun, and made me hold an old flintlock rifle, and we guarded those horses until father returned. In those days we sometimes had school two or three months in a year. My brother, James N. Hodges, and myself rode to Pipe Creek to school, a distance of nine miles. We each carried a cap and ball pistol for we did not know when Indians might attack us. Our school house was made of pickets, covered with grass and had a dirt floor. The benches were made of split logs.

"P'reighting was done with ox teams. Flour was $14 per hundred, and sugar and coftee were scarce. The next settler was Andrew Prather, who located three miles east of Pipe Creek on what is now known as the John Crist place. In 1871 Silas Shirley and W. H. Wliite settled near Pipe Creek: in 1872 Felix Newcomer located in that vicinity, and later Ebenezer Buck came there. Old Man Simpson settled on Red Bluft' about seven miles below us."

James Washington Walker

J. W. Walker, who lives on Laxson's Creek, three miles east of Medina, was born in Grimes county, Tex. December 25, 1847. His father, Jesse Walker, a San Jacinto veteran, died when the subject of this sketch was quite small. Sometime in the 50's the family moved to Gonzales county. In 1862, when James Walker was fifteen years old, he came to Bandera county and worked for Berry C. Buckelew, herding cattle for $7 per month, which place he held all winter, then went to Camp Verde where he had two brothers in the Confederate service. He tried to enlist at that time but Major Lawhon, in command of the troops stationed there, would not accept him because he was too young. Sometime later, however, he succeeded in getting into the service, and a few days after his enlistment four of the companies at Camp Verde were transferred to South Texas, leaving only a few men to garrison tlie post and look after the camels there. Henry Ramsey was in charge of the camels at the time and young Walker was put to herding them. He says the animals, numbering about 75 head, were a source of great annoyance and trouble. They ate but little grass, and could not get up the rough places to get to the brush which they had to eat. Through the winter they were fed on corn that had to be brought from San Antonio. Mr. Walker now has a bell which was used on those camels, aud prizes it very highly as a relic of those frontier days. While he was at Camp Verde there was also there an Armenian and a Greek driver who had been brought to this country with the camels,

The Armenian waa called "Hi-jolly," from the peculiar call he uttered when herding or managing the camels. Mr. Walker says he met this Armenian at Aguacalientes, on the Gila river in Arizona, several years later. At the outbreak of the war between the states, Camp Verde was taken over by the Confederate forces under Gen. Ben McCulloch, and remained under Confederate control until the war ended, when the post again passed to the United States, and a small force of Federal troops were placed there. While these federals were there Eugene Oborski and a man named Teinen took a contract to furnish hay for the gov^ernment stock. This hay was cut in the vicinity of the place now owned by L. N. Stevens, and Mr. Walker was one of the hands employed to cut it.

In 1869 Mr. Walker went to California with a herd of 1500 mixed cattle belonging to Damon Slator of Llano, Mr. Slator being his own boss. Those who went on this trip were Jim and Charlie Moss, Jim Walker, Alf Anderson, Bill Denison, a man named Ferryman, John Dupont. John and Riley Billings, Billie Click, a German named Mahaley, Jack Hamilton, and Damon Slator. They took a route up through the Concho country to the Fecos and crossed at Horsehead Crossing, out by old Fort Stanton, through Tularosa \ alley, across the Sacramento Mountains to the Gila river, crossing the Colorado river, passing Tucson and Fort Yuma, and went on to the Winters Ranch in California where they delivered the herd. On the trip they had some trouble with Indians, particularly with some of the Fima tribe, who were trying to run a bluff to secure some cattle from a herd belonging to a man named Crockett Riley. Mr. Walker and several of the Slator hands went to Riley's assistance and found him surrounded by about 80 Indians. They were off their reservation, and did not really want a scrap, so when they were fired into they hastily retreated. Mr. Walker killed the chief* s horse at a distance of 500 yards. He was later arrested by the Indian agent, and Slator gave the Indians five head of cattle to satisfy their claims for loss of the chief s horse.

After delivering the cattle at the Winters Ranch the cowboys scattered, and only two of them, Billings and Riley, came back to Texas together. Mr. Walker went to Los Angeles and San Francisco and struck up with a man named Jacob Sanders who was from Ohio, and they decided to go to New York. Accordingly they secured passage on a steamer, the Golden City, which sailed one Sunday morning. On the following Tuesday the steamer was wrecked in Mexican waters and the crew and 450 passengers were forced to take to life boats and landed on the barren coast. In company with a guide the shipwrecked people walked a distance of twenty-five miles to a cove, and were there taken aboard a vessel that carried them back to San Francisco. While on the coast the^' were without food and had but very little water from Tuesday until Saturday. As Walker and Sanders had paid transportation to New York, the steamship company allowed them passage on another vessel, and they again started. He says they crossed the Isthmus of Panama, and took a big steamer which carried them across the Gulf of JNIexico and ran direct to Ne\\ York. Arriving in that city, Mr. Walker de- cided he had seen enough of the world and immediately started back to Texas by water, reaching Key West, Fla., and from there proceeded to Galveston, and when he hit land again it was to hike straigrit for home. He had been absent one year and four months, and came back rich in experience, but mighty poor in pocket. On the same day he was shipwrecked off the Mexican coast, February 22, 1870, his brother, Riley Walker, was killed by Indians on Bell Mountain in Llano county.

On February 10, 1864, Mr. Walker was happily married to Miss Melvina Bandy of Bandera county. To them have been born 13 children, 11 of whom are still living: Thomas Walker, Mrs. Ada Moseley, Mrs. Alice Smith, Jeff Walker, all of San Antonio; Jim Walker, killed in Oklahoma by a falling tree; Jesse Walker, died in infancy; Mrs. Ida Fines of Tuff'; C. C. Walker of Caddo, La.. R. L. Walker of Medina; Mrs. May Davis of Vanderpool; Miss Myrtle Walker of Medina; Mrs. Ruby Neeley and Charlie Walker of of Yoakum.

In 1895 Mr. W alker located on his present homesite, where he has resided all these years, quietly following farming for an occupation and raising his sons and daughters to be useful men and women. He has had an active part in the development of the country, and recalls many interesting events that transpired in this section. He remembers when Cirandpa Stanard and his son, Harvey Stanard, Sr., located on Laxson's Creek. Mrs. Stanard taught school in that neighborhood in the early 70's. The Walker and Stanard families were neighbors for many years, and the children grew up together.

PhilHp H. Mazurek was born in Prussia Poland, May 1, 1855, his parents coming to America when he was eight months old. They came to Bandera, and his father, Thomas Mazurek, purchased 49 acres of land just above the village for $350, on long time. Mrs. Mazurek died in 1865. leaving four children, two of whom are still living, Phillip Mazurek of Bandera, and Theodore Mazurek of Groom, Texas. Jn 1866 Thomas Mazurek was married to Miss Mary Gruska, and to them were born four children, Julius, Luke, Mary and Estaza, all living. Mr. Mazurek died in 1893, and his wife died in 1820.

Coming to Bandera when in his infancy, Phillip H. Mazurek, the subject of this sketch, grew to manhood here, and has resided in the county continuously over 66 years. In 1879 he was married to Miss Rosa Kalka in San Antonio, who for forty years was his faithful helpmeet and companion, until death claimed her in 1918. To this union 16 children were born, those now living being Victor Mazurek of Bandera, Silvester and Joe Mazurek of Utopia; Kasper, Tom, John, Frank and Raymond Mazurek of Bandera; Stephen ]\Iazurek now in the U. S. Navy; Mrs. Victoria Lines of Monclova, Ohio; Mrs. Gertrude Dugos of San Antonio, Mrs. Eva Anderwald, Mrs. Paulina Halamuda, Mrs. Helen Jureczki, and Miss Frances Mazurek of Bandera.

Mr. Mazurek talks interestingly of the early times in Bandera. lie says game was i)lentiful in the woods and he often killed deer and turkey on the outskirts of the tillage. When a wedding occurred in the com- muiiity it was the occasion for a great celebration, the reveh'y sometimes histiiig three or four days. He recalls the time wlien John Diigos and Miss Frances Kaika were married in 1879, and what a great time was enjoyed by the guests. Mr. Mazurek went to Indian Creek spring to haul a barrel of water. He was accompanied by Lawrence and Clements Kalka, both small boys, and when they had filled the barrel they discovered a big deer under a bkitt" in the creek below. Mr. Mazurek took a rope and stealthily a}>- proached the bluff and when just above the buck lie deftly twirled the rope and droi)ped it over Liic animal's antlers. Then some real fun began. The buck cut up all kinds of capers, but Mr. ^lazurck anchored him to a tree and weid forward and with his pocket knife cut the deer's throal. Thus he provided plenty of meat for the big wedding feast that followed. Judge Davenport and the Widow Cosgrove attended this wedding, Mr. Mazurek says, and were guests of honor. Cakes, pies, plenty of beer and whiskey were provided and the event ended with a big dance. The wedding celebration started on Tuesday and ended the following Thursday.

In the early days shingle-making was the chief industry, and Mr. Mazurek became an expert in this line of work. The shingles were made from cypress blocks which had been sawed into 32-inch lengths, twice the length of the ordinary shingle. These blocks were hauled up from the river bottoms, then cut in two, marked off to the proper thickness, split and rived with a froe knife and wooden mallet, then taken to the old shaving horse and trimmed to a feather edge with a drawing knife. They would be stacked in huge piles to season, and afterwards put up in bundles of 1,000, and in due time hauled to market. One of the big ox-wagons used for hauling them usually carried about 25,000 shingles, and in San Antonio they brought about $4.50 per thousand. A good shingle maker could make a thousand shingles per day. Mr. Mazurek says Joe Kindla and i\.masa Clark were the best and fastest he ever knew. The road to San Antonio was very bad, especially at the point known as the "Slide-otf," and it was so called from the fact that in crossing that hill the load would often slide off the wagon. To prevent this, a big piece of cypress timber, r-alled the binding pole, had to be placed across the load to keep it in place, and even then there w^as danger of the wagon turning over. The wagons in use then were home-made and constructed of elm and cypress timber, the wheels being solid wooden slabs or cross pieces of wood. Thousands of shingles were manufactured here, one tree yielding as high as 30,000 shingles.

Mr. Mazurek still has in his possession a cross-cut saw which his father purchased from Davenport & Hay in 1864, at $1.20 per foot, the saw being nine feet long. It is still in good condition, although he often used it in sawing stone.

In speaking of the early merchants of Bandera he says Frank Jureczki owned a store on the site where Albert Jureczki now lives, and sold whiskey at 25 cents a quart, or he would trade a gallon of the oil of gladness for a bushel of corn.

When Schmidtke & Hay were engaged in business in Bandera they took a contract to furnish a certain amount of lumber and shingles to the government for some buildings at Fort Concho. A number of ox-teams were put on the road, Mr. Mazurek driving one of these teams, seven yoke of oxen, and hauled about 2,000 feet of lumber on his load. Joe Minear was guide and hunter for the teamsters, and kept them supplied with plenty of fresh meat on the trip. Joe and Gabe Anderwald, Constant Dugos, Charlie Haiduk, Jim Lewis, Joe Click, and a negro, Bill Hardy, were the teamsters. Mr. Mazurek says he also hauled lumber to San Antonio in those days, for which Ed Steves of that city paid five cents per foot or $50 per thousand.

In 1902, Mr. Mazurek went out in New Mexico prospecting, seeking a better country than Bandera, but after spending several months there he came back to his old home content to remain liere for the balance of his time on earth.

Experiences Of J. P. Heinen, Sr

J. V. Heineii, Sr., a highly respected pioneer citizen of Bandera county, writes interestingly of his experiences here in the early days. His narrative will be read and appreciated by many of the old timers who have moved away, as well as by all who live here now and know him:

During the war between the states I lived with my parents in Kendall county, near Comfort, I often passed through the town of Bandera hauling corn for the Confederate government to D' Ranis, driving a team of eight or ten yoke of oxen hitched to a heavy wagon, hauling three tons to the load. In 1866 I came over to Bandera with one of my brothers and we engaged in the mercantile business, building a two-story stone building in the valley east of the Riverside Inn. This stone building was washed away in the big rise in the Medina river in 1900. In those days, after the war, there was Yevy little money in circulation in this section and I sold m,y goods mostly on credit, for which I received shingles in payment, that being the only commodity the people had to i)ay with. To make u\y collections I made one or two trips every month on horsel>ack lo ihe very head of the Medina river, buying shingles and collecting them for debts due me, and having them hauled to San Antonio and sold for cash. At that time there was no Medina City. Mr. George Smith lived in a log cabin two miles above the present site of Medina, on what is now known as the Goodman place. I often spent the night with Mr. Smith on my trips np the river. He was unmarried at that time, lived alone, and al- ways seemed delighted to have inc come and stay with him. Like all frontiersmen, Mr. Smith was a fine old gentleman, and I treasured his friendship most highly. There were no houses between Laxson's Creek and Mr. Smith's place, and only shingle camps beyond where he lived. The Indians came in almost every full moon, and when I left home I had no assurance that I would get back alive, but 1 was fortunate in never meeting the Indians face to face, although I have been very near them a number of times.

I recall one instance during the time I was driving the ox team to D'Hanis that I will mention here. A band of Indians passed my wagon one night driving a bunch of horses. It was a bright moonlight night and I could plainly see them as the,y passed. The next morning seven or eight men came to my cam]) and asked me if I heard any horses passing the night before, and I put them on the trail. The Indians hail stolen the horses near Quihi, and were in a hurry to get them out of the country. They probably saw my camp, but as they wanted horses and not oxen, they did not molest me.

I have seen a nund)er of men that were killed by Indians. A Mr. Hardin with his family lived wheie Matl. Adamietz now lives across the river from Ren Bat to. His son, a boy about 16 years old, went bee hunting over on the divide between Indian Creek and the Middle Verde. He burned some beeswax in order to attract the bees, and thus locate their cave or tree. When night came he did not return home, and his parents, becoming uneasy, sent a man to town to get help to make a search for him. About ten of us start- ed out, and after hunting all night we found him next morning in Middle Verde Creek. He was lying in shallow water, face downward, stripped of his clothing, and had an arrow sticking in his back. We put a blanket around the body, tied it on a horse behind O. B. Miles, who took the dead boy home. Another time, Polly Rodriguez sent a runner to town saying the Indians had chased a man named Gonzales to his place. As we were readj^ to go on a scout we went over to Privilege, six miles from town, in about an hour, but the Indians were gone. We followed them for some distance. About a mile above where the San Antonio road crosses Pipe Creek they killed a man who had been digging post holes. I think his name was Reeves, but I am not certain. These and other experiences like them are sad remembrances of those frontier days.

In 1870 we had a big rise in the Medina river, the water reaching a depth of nine feet in my store, and ruined all of my goods to such an extent that I decided to quit the mercantile* business and follow the carpenter's trade. In that same year I was appointed to a position on the state police force, an organization created for the protection of frontier counties against outlaws. There were many bad men on the frontier in those days, generally in sparsely settled regions where they thought they could do as they pleased. To arrest and bring to trial these criminals was the purpose of the organization of the state police. From one to three men in each county were appointed on the force. I was the only one in Bandera county, and I served two years, resigning at the end of the second year. The pay was $60 per month, and we had tg '

In 1868 I married Miss Ida Schlarlor. We raised a large familjs six sons and two daughters, and I am happy to say all are still living and very devoted to their parents.

In 1873 we organized a minuet com])any. with Robert Ballantyne as lieutenant, and 19 private >. It was for protection against Indian depredations. The state furnished arms and ammunition; we furnished our own horses and other equipment. We were to scout no less than ten days in each month, for which we received $20 per month for eaeh man. However, very often we were out twice that length of time, when Indians were in the country, for which we received nothing above the $20 mentioned. At the end of two years the company was disciiarged and the arms were returned to the state.

In the fall of 1875 I moved my family to San Antonio where I worked for two years at the builder's trade, doing fairly well, but on account of my wife's health I moved back to Bandera. In 1880 I bought the ranch property where I now live. I have worked hard all of my life to decently raise my family, and I am happy to sa^^ I have succeeded in doing so. \ have seen many changes occur in old Handera county during the time 1 have been here. Men have come and gone, manners and customs have changed; the wilderness, where only a few hundred people lived on very small farms far between, has given place to a greater population of thrifty enterprising people and the land put in a high state of cultivation, with farm after farm all over the county. It is certainly a revelation to one who knew the early days, to behold the transformation. First ox teams, later horse and mule teams, now truck or auto, and the convenience of the telephone - f'hanges no one dreamed of fifty years ago.

I have gone through many hardships in my lifetime - privations such as the present generation does not have to endure. The people of today have many things we did not have, but with all the luxuries and comforts of the present time, I doubt if thej' are better satisfied than we were in the olden days. I am glad I lived the pioneer life. Neighbors lived far apart, but were the best of friends whenever they met. There were no classes, no social lines drawn - everybody was your friend. The almighty dollar played no role in our social relations then. What little anyone had everybody was welcome to it if in need. Each one helped his neighbor, not expecting pay for it. Alas, it is different now. Unless there is money in sight you don't get very far. I am now 75 years old, and as I fondly look back to the long, long ago my thoughts revert to my friends of that day, and my heart becomes sad when I realize that many of them have passed on to the great unknown, while others have moved away to distant parts. Some of them yet remain here, and when I meet them it is with a hearty hand-clasp that betokens the life-long comradeship and brotherly love which has endured through all these years. May the Almighty God bless and protect them, as He has protected me and my family, is my earnest wish.

H. C. Wright was born in Tennessee, lived a few years in Kentucky, and came to Texas in October, 1875. He settled at Waco, where he lived eight years, a/id then came to Bandera county in 1884. Before he left Waco he leased 320 acres of land in this county, on Bruin's Creek, from the Taylor heirs, and for 14 years he extended the lease from time to time, and finally bought the land. By hard work, close economy and shrewd buying, Mr. Wright has steadily increased his property holdings until today he owns more than 3,000 acres of fine land along the Medina river.

Mr. Wright was married in Kentucky to Miss Marilda Speck, and they have two children living, John Wright of Oklahoma, and Granville Wright of Bandera.

When Mr. Wright lived at Waco in the 70's he became acquainted with several of our great frontier characters, notably Capt. Sul Ross, the famous ranger who brought about the recapture and restoration of Cynthia Ann Parker after she had spent 29 years with the Indians. Mr. Ross afterwards became governor of Texas.

(iranville Wright married Miss Dora Coffey, daughter of Smith CoH'ey of Tarpley. They have six children, five l)0ys and one girl, their names being Johnnie, Clay, Lena, Smith, Raymond and Clyde. He owns a valuable ranch i)roperty on Medina Lake, adjoining his father's lands, and is One of the directors of the First State Bank of Bandera,

Furnished Telegraph Posts

In 1875 the United States Government constructed a telegraph line from San Antonio to Fort Mason and Fort McKavett, and on to Fort Concho. George Hay and Charles Schmidtke of Bandera took the contract to furnish posts for the line from San Antonio to Fort McKavett, a distance of 175 miles. They received ninety-eight cents each for the posts delivered along the route. Schmidtke & Hay employed crews of choppers and put them in the cedar brakes of Bandera, Kerr, Gillespie, Mason and Menard counties, paying these hands from twenty-five cents to seventy-five cents per post for cutting them. The firm supplied more than 12,000 posts, twenty feet long and better than two inches at the top. It required more than six months time to cut the poles and place them on the right-of-way, where soldiers with government teams erected them. Mr. Hay says they cleared over $3,000 on the contract, and were not obliged to give bond, as the government often required.

Previous to getting this contract Schmidtke & Hay had purchased a great many cattle on credit, drove them up the trail to Kansas, and lost money on them, and the government contract for posts helped to put them on their feet once more.

William Densley Smith was born in Franklin county, Mississippi, October 24, 1836, and at this writing lives on a pretty farm near Medina, Bandera county, Texas. He is 86 years old, hale and hearty, and carries the burden of years with ease. It was away back in 1848 that his father, Robert M. Smith, started to Texas, the land of promise, but when the family reached M«nnphis, Tennessee, on their journey to the Lone Star State, they found the Mississippi river too high to cross, so they went to Tishomingo county and rented a small farm, where they remained about a year. While they were on this farm there came along one day some men who were members of the Fremont Expedition just returning home from California. They camped near the Smith home, and gave such glowing reports of the discover}^ of gold in California that everybody became interested. But I will allow "Seco" Smith, the subject of this sketch, to tell the story:

"When father talked to these men and learned that they were on their way home to get their families and take them to California he made up his mind to accompany them to the Golden State, and all agreed to meet at Council Bluff Ferry, on the Missouri river, the following ^larch. When the time arrived we were right there and joined the emmigrant train headed for California. We followed the old Fremont trail to Salt Lake City, Utah, where we took the Lower Route into California, arriving at the Santa Ana river about where San Barnardino now stands. Here we stopped and father established a ranch, which he sold out after a time and we moved to near Los Angeles. We remained in California five years, and father dec ided to remove to Texas, via Ft. Yuma, Arizona, and El Paso, To make this trip he engaged some men to accompany us. but they were a tough lot and plotted to get us out on the desert, steal our stock and leave us stranded. There was an orphan boy in our party who overheard the plot and informed us of it, and of course we were on the alert for the first indication of crookedness. It came while we were encamped in the vicinity of Ft. Yuma, when the ring-leader got drunk and started to raise trouble. I was well armed and, though just a boy, I promptly covered the leader and we forced them to take their belongings and clear out. There were twelve men in the outfit that left us. They went on ahead some distance and were attacked by Indians, one men being wounded in the fight. The redskins got their stock and thej^ had to return to Ft. Yuma. We made it through to El Paso without mishap, and found that place to be only a small village with one store. Here we tarried for a few days, then resumed our journey and reached San Antonio June 26, 185G, camping at the San Pedro Springs, then on the outskirts of the town. Later we moved out to the Olmos, six miles distant, where we remained a short time. While we were here the Indians stole some of our horses and mules. I joined a party headed by John Jo!ies, father of Andy Jones who now lives near Bandera, and we followed the Indians to near the head of the Medina river, where the trail led through a hirge plum thicket, and the fruit almost covered the ground where the ripe plums had fallen off. Here we completely lost the trail, which had been completely obliterated by bear tracks. All the bears in the country must have been there eating those plums. We had to give up the chase and returned home.

"Father bought a small place from A. D. Jones, moved to it, and remained there over 45 j^ears, or until his death, which occurred when he was 89 years old. I was married in 1857 to Miss Amanda Coker of San Antonio. Three children, two girls and one boy, were born to us. These two girls, Frances and Josephine married Joe and Frank Moffatt. Frances lives on the Frio, Josephine lives near Medina, and my son, William A. Smith, lives at Douglas, Arizona. My wife died in 1863.

"In 1867 1 was married to Miss Julia A. Long, the daughter of S. A. Long, a San Jacinto veteran who lived on the Hondo. Of this union there were seven children, four boys and three girls: H. S. Smith of Medina, J. D. Smith of Poteet, Frank M. Smith and A. E. Smith of San Antonio, Mrs. Mary Mayfield of Aledina, Mrs. Rosa Stevens of Bandera, and Mrs. Laura Hand of Olustee, Okla. In 1878 my second wife died.

"In 1898 I was married lo my present wife, who was Miss Elizabeth T. Akin, the daughter of J. T. Akin, an early settler of Handera county. Five children have been born to us, two boys and three girls: Mrs. Esther Skinner of Port Arthur, iNIiss Beulah Smith. Austin Milam Smith, Sidney Raymond Smith, and Miss Valentine Smith, under the parental roof.

In 1860 I located on the Seco, about forty miles from the town of Bandera, and that is how people came to call me "Seco" Smith. There were three different Smiths in that region. W. L. Smith lived on the Frio; he was known as "Frio" Smith. Rube Smith lived on the Hondo; he was called "Hondo" Smith. I lived on the Seco, and ever since I went there people have called me "Seco" Smith. These are all Spanish names. In that language "frio" means cold, "hondo" means deep, and "seco" means dry. I do not know which is most distressing, to be cold, deep or dry. However, the nickname has stuck to me and I have had to carry it.

"While I lived on the Seco my nearest neighbors were Ben Ragland and Squire Boone. I remember when the Indians killed Berry Buckelew, and many other tragedies that occurred in that region. In 1862 the Indians killed old man Schreiver about three miles below my place. In company with Dr. Schoff'hausen, Schreiver was out stock hunting when attacked. Dr. Schoffhausen disappeared and it is supposed that the Indians killed him too, but his body was never found, although diligent search was made for it. The Indians also killed my wife's brother, Sam Long, over on the Blanco in 1862. His brother, Andy Long, outran the Indians and got away. After he was shot with several arrows, Sam made his way to his father's home, and died as soon as he got there. Julia Long, who afterwards became my wife, had been to the postoffice and was return- ing home when the Indians attacked her brothers, and when she saw what was taking place she started to run for home, but was overtaken by the Indians, jerked from her horse, and as she fell one of the Indians grasped her by the hair and with his knife cut off a handfull, no doubt trying to scalp her. Evidently fearing pursuit the Indians were in a hurry to escape, and this fact probably saved her life. She made her way home, not seriously hurt, but very badly frightened. The same year the Indians killed old man Sanders of Uvalde, between the Frio and Leona rivers. I remember the attack that was made on the Kincheloe home, when Mrs. Bowiin was killed and Mrs. Kincheloe was fearfully wounded.

"On another raid the Indians killed Captain Robertson and Henry Adams, while these two men were in camp, and ate their hearts. They killed Dud Richardson on the Frio, and scalped a little girl alive. This same band of Indians killed Mr. and Mrs. Stringfield, and carried their little boy, Tommy Stringfield off into captivity. Mrs. William Hatfield, now living at Medina, is a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Stringfield, and was present when her parents were killed, but managed to escape. The Indians came on up the country and divided into two large parties. "Big Foot" Wallace, with a party of men, followed one of the bands which went out on the divide between the Sabinal and the Medina rivers. The Indians discovered their pursuers and laid an ambush for them. They tied a fine mare on the side of a mountain for a decoy and when some of the rangers, over the protest of Bigfoot Wallace, went to get the mare, the Indians fired on them and wounded Bill

Davenport in the thigh. Wallace ordered his men to dismount and prepare for a fight. Some of the men then flanked the Indians on both sides and ran them out, killing some of the Indians and capturing a big herd of horses which had been stolen down in Atascosa and Medina counties.

"The other band of Indians had gone up the Sabinal, and I, in company with several men, took their trail and followed them to the head of Devil's River, out near where Sonora is now located. There were about 100 Indians in this band, and they made a very plain trail. A settlement fort had been constructed on the Sabinal for the protection of the few settlers there, and a company of rangers from Washington county, under command of Captain Meyers, was encamped about a mile below this fort at this time. We sent a runner to the ranger camp for assistance to help in chasing these Indians and Captain Meyers sent 25 men to join us. In the party of rangers were two men from San Antonio, Sam Maverick and a young man named Simpson. As soon as the rangers joined us we pushed forward on the trail and followed is until sundown, then camped where the trail went up on the divide between the Sabinal and Ciuadahipe rivers. Early the next morning we were again in the saddle and going forward as fast as possible, but our progress was hindered by the roughness of the divide which was covered with honeycomb rocks, which made travel very slow for the horses of our friends that had been used to a flat, level country. These horses wen^ clumsy and many of them soon became lame. We traveled until late that ni^ht when we reached

Paint Creek, a tributary to the South Llano river. Next inorniug tlie Wasliiugton county fellows were sick of the chase and all turned back, except two - Sam Maverick and Simpson. Five or six of our men decided to turn back also, leaving 26 of us to follow on after the Indians. We were determined to overtake those redskins if possible and try to annihilate them, and resumed our chase. But the next day twelve more of our party turned back, and that left fourteen to continue on the trail of 100 Indians. The second night after they left us we camped about a mile above old Fort Territt, our horses were pretty well fagged out, our men all tired from steady riding, and were about out of grub. We did not know it at the moment but the night we camped here, the Indians were camped just about a mile further on. We found their camping place the next morning after we resumed the chase. They had butchered and barbecued a horse, and used the paunch to carry a supply of water in. We discovered from their preparations that they intended making a long dry run across that semi-arid region, but we hoped to overtake them in a few hours and force them to fight. Two or three of our horses gave out and our men took turns walking. We followed the trail all that day and called a halt and sized up the situation. We were many miles from water, out of grub, hungry and worn out; our horses were about exhausted, so we decided to turn back. While we were resting here John Ware went out and killed aii antelope. We cut it up in chunks and started back to water, about thirty miles, which we reached the next morh- ing at daylight. Here we cooked that meat and ate it without salt or bread. We rested here awhile, and then went back to Fort Territt, and camped. We succeeded in killing several deer and turkeys, roasted a great quantity of the meat, and resumed our homeward journey. The second day on our return we had eaten all our meat and were again a hungry bunch. That night we made a dry camp, and one of the men killed an old turkey gobbler, and fourteen hungry men ate him in a very little while. When we got back to the settlement fort we found well loaded tables waiting for us, and we consumed everything in sight. That Washington countj^ bunch got lost when they started back, and beat us in only a few hours with their clothes torn and their horses in bad shape. "I think people sometimes hav^e a premonition of death. I know of one case where such a thing happened. Rube Smith was a cowman, but not a kinsman of mine. He lived on the Hondo. We went down on the San Miguel one time to get some cattle, and while we were there Rube received word that members of his family were verj^ sick. He seemed greatly worried about it and said if he could get one man to go with him he would pull out for home, about sixty miles. . I told him I would go with him, and we immediately started and traveled all night, reaching his home on the Hondo early the next morning. He talked about Indians killing him all the way and at other times whenever he would be with me he expressed his dread. It seemed to prey upon his mind. He was a brave man. but no matter what the conversation was about, he invariably brought up the subject of Indians killing him some day. Sure enough,

"Big Foot Wallace was one of the best men I ever knew. He was modest and retiring in disposition, but a terror when aroused. 1 met him in San Antonio in 1856. He had tanked up and started to his location on the Chicon, and while riding along he dropped his rifle and broke the stock off. He came back to San Antonio to get it fixed, and I met him at this time. Wallace told me that a belly full of booze and a broken gun was a poor combination to take out into an Indian country. How did he get his nanie.^ I will tell you: Colonel Duran was a member of Jack Hays' company of rangers, and he told me that once, when they were camped at San Pedro Springs, in 1845, Hays gave twelve or fifteen of his men permission to go up on the Guadalupe and hunt and scout for awhile as things had been quiet along the border for some time. These men, with Wallace in the crowd, went above New Braunfels, had a fine time, saw no Indian sign, and thinking there was no danger, they relaxed their vigilance one night, with the result that the Indians came while they slept and drove off all their horses. They were forty miles from San Antonio, and afoot, with all of their camp equippage and saddles. They built a raft of logs, loaded their stnff on it, and started down the river. Wallace and another man got on the raft to steer it. while the other men walked along the bank of the stream and kept in in hailing distance. Wallace pulled off his shoes and placed them on top of the blankets and saddles on the rafl, and whilo floaliug tliroui'h a swift, deep channel the raft was overturned and everything on it went to the bottom and was lost, except Wallace and his companion who swam out. They could not recover a thing for the current had washed it all down. Wallace joined the party on the bank and walked until his feet became sore and his friends had to take turns in carrying him. Finally they found a bunch of wild cattle and shot a yearling. They cooked the meat and used the hide to make some mocassins for Wallace and he was enabled to get along veiy well. When the party reached New Braunfels the German citizens curiously eyed Wallace's feet and called him "Gross Fos" (Big Foot), and the name was taken up by his companions, and ever afterward stuck to him. Big Foot Wallace once owned a grant of land in Bandera county, above Medina, and Wallace Crrek was named for him, as was also the town of Big Foot in Frio county. He died January 7, 1899, in his 83rd year, and his remains now rest in the State Cemetery at Austin.

"I located on Wallace Creek, in Bandera county, in 1878, and remained there about three years, then bought 640 acres on F^en ton's Creek from B. F. Bellows. Later 1 sold this land and moved to Medina, where I have a nice farm, and am spending the evening of my life in quiet retirement. Most of my old comrades have passed over the borderland of time. The days of long ago seem but yesterday when I recall their faces and the happy times we had together."

Far back in the pioneer days a young mail came to Bandera and for fifty-four long years he was identified with the affairs of the town and count3\ That man was Hugh C. Duffy. Born at Castle Blayney, County Monaghan, Ireland, October 11, 1844, he came to America with his mother and sister whe:i he was 14 years old. For a while they lived at Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Eventually the bright Irish lad found his ivay to Texas, locating at Boerne in 1864, where he taught school a number of years, and came to Bandera in 1866. Here he foresaw wonderful opportunities for the young man of pluck anrl energy, and he decided to stay and take his chances with the other pioneers here. He studied law and was admitted to tlie bar, and for many years was the only attorney in tlie county. He became known as one of the most prominent lawyers, which position he maintained for over fifty years, C'oming here when Bandera county was enshrouded in the mist and cloud of frontier deprivation and isolation, an en\ironment that has contributed to the darkening of many a I, dented life through sheer denial of opportunity and outlet, Mr. DuU'y began an earl.w manly Hghl against the environing shadows, spreading a light about himself in which he worked straight upward to a high and responsible place in the county's affairs, and his career of usefulness ended only when death called him November 13, 1920.

He was married February 15, 1870, to Miss Josepliine Lytle of Castroville, who for over thirty years was his faithful companion and helpmate. Mrs.

Duffy died August 13, 1900. To them were born six cliildren, two of whom died when quite small. The surviving children are C. H. Duffy of San Antonio, George L. Duffy of Uvalde, Mrs. A. P. Kehoe of San Antonio, and Miss Laura Duffy of Bandera.

A short time after Mr. Duffy arrived in Bandera he engaged in the mercantile business, and later purchased the building now known as the Riverside Inn and opened a hotel. This hotel is now managed by his daughter. Miss Laura Duffy. He had a wide acquaintance throughout this section, and was held in highest esteem as a citizen and lawyer by all who knew him. He held no ill will or malice toward anyone and if he ever had an enemy it was never known. His kind, amiable disposition and courteous manner toward everyone at all times marked him as a gentleman of the noblest type. He always looked on the bright side of everj^thing and his cheering words and cheerful manner were always encouraging and helpful to those with whom ne came in contact.

Daniel Rugh

One of Bandera's early citizens was Daniel Rugh, whose memory is still fondly cherished by many of our people. Mr. Rugh was born near Pittsburg, Pa., in 1812. In 1849 he started to California but when he reached Rock Island, Illinois, he was stricken with granulated sore eyes and had to abandon the trip. He remained in Rock Island and Selina until 185.9, when he emigrated to San Antonio, Texas. With his wife and four daughters he came to Bandera February

14, 1860. The two youngest daughters died during an epidemic of diptheria in 1862. The eldest daughter. Miss Tvy Rugh, taught school in Bandera for a number of j^ears until her marriage in 1870 to R. M. Taylor. Another daughter married Jack Miller and lives near Utopia. Three daughters and one son, Charles Reed Rugh, were born in Bandera.

In 1872 Mr. Rugh moved to the ranch now owned by J. A. Miller. In 1873 he sold his cattle for $22.50 a round and his sheep for $4.00 per head and moved to Bandera town where he built the present City Hotel, which is still occupied by his son, Chas. R. Rugh. Daniel Rugh and his wife were among the first members of the Methodist church in Bandera and were consistent workers therein until 1899, when both passed to their reward, their deaths occurring four months apart. Mrs. Rugh was born in Ireland and came across the ocean when she was 17 years old, landing at Quebec. Her father died on board ship and was buried at sea.

During the war between the states Daniel Rugh served as sheriff of Bandera county, at a time when courage and integrity were necessary to maintain law and order. He reached the age of 87 years, nearly forty years of which were spent in Bandera county.

Charles R. Rugh married Miss Mila Huffmeyer. They have seven children: Emil Rugh of Mooringsport, La., Misses Helen and Mary Rugh. Daniel, Ashley, Charlie and Duane Rugh of Bandera.

The Mansfield Family

Andrew Mansfield was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, July 9, 1827, and grew to mannood there. When he was 21 years old he went to Missouri and lived there eight years, then returned to Pennsylvania where he spent four years. He came to Bandera in February, 1860, with the first Merino sheep ever brought here, and located them at the place then known as the James ranch, where Rev. H. L. Atkins now lives. These sheep were brought by boat down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and across the Gulf of Mexico to Galveston where they were unloaded and driven to Karnes City, where a part of the flock was left for Colin Campbell and the balance brought right through San Antonio and on to the James ranch for Samuel Christian and John H. James. Mr. Mansfield worked for John James from the time of his arrival until the fall of 1870, when he bought 184 acres of land where the old Mansfield homestead is now, and started into the sheep business for himself, in which he was quite successful. In 1880, in company with Judge J. B. Davenport and James McElroy, he went to Pennsylvania and brought back two carloads of registered sheep and six head of the first registered Durham cattle that came to Bandera.

Mr. Mansfield was married to Miss Laura Thalmann October 25, 1868. Six children were born to them: Andrew, Herman, Edward, Walter, John and Cora. Before his death, which occurred February 22, 1897, Mr. Mansfield acquired considerable property in Bandera county. The only public office he ever held, was a road overKseer's commission, he being the first overseer on the Bandera and San Antonio road, covering the distance from Bandera to Zepada's, twenty-four miles this side of San Antonio.

He was conscripted with John Adamietz and Andrew Knapic in 1862 and served under General Ireland along the Texas seacoast until the war between the states was over, when he returned home and for many years devoted his time to his growing stock interests, and working for the upbuilding of the county. Mrs. Mansfield survived him twenty years, and died May 12, 1917.

A. L. (Andy) Mansfield married Miss Matilda Dorow January 21. 1895, and they have nine children, Lee, Fred, Roy, Earl, Harold, Clara, Emma, Evelyn and Selma. Lee Mansfield married Miss Clara Leah Hicks, and Fred Mansfield married Miss Lena Wright. All live at Bandera.

C. H. (Herman) Mansfield married Miss Minnie Thomas. To them were born three sons, Rhea, Robert and Coy. Herman Mansfield died in January, 1919.

W. E. (Ed) Mansfield married Miss Cora Buck. They have nine children, Mrs. Laura Autrey, Homer, Frank, Hayden, Bruce, Minnie ^lae. William, Louella and Joyce.

W. O. (Patty) Mansfield married Miss Annie Graves. Has one child. Miss Anna Mae Mansfield. J. M. (John) Mansfield married Miss Mabel Miller. Miss Ella Mansfield married John H. Bruce. They have three children, Minnie, Hubert and Alleen.

The Maass Family

William Maass, Sr., was a native of Germany. He came to Texas in the early days and located at San Antonio, where he married Mrs. Charlotte Kissling, nee Oelze. In 1874 he moved his familj^ to Bandera, and located on Middle Verde Creek, on the place now occupied by W. W. Whitley. In the family were Mr. and Mrs. Maass, two of Mrs. Maass' children, Mary and Adolph Kissling, and five children of their union. Will J., Albert, Lena, Tina and Reinhardt Maass. Albert Maass died in 1918; Tina Maass Straus died in San Antonio in 1919. Mrs. Louisa Evans and Will J. Maass are the only members of the family now living in Bandera county.

W'ill J. Maass married Miss Elizabeth Lewis in 1885, and settled at the head of Julian Creek, where he has lived ever since. To this union eight children were born, seven of them still living. Thej'^ are Mrs. Louisa Anderwald, Mrs. Irene Anderwald, George and Lindsey Maass of Bandera; Mrs. Delia Toudouze of San Antonio, Mrs. Edith Hermes of Tarpley: William Fred Maass, now cit}^ marshal of Randlett, Okla. Miss Emma Maass who married Rudolph Kokes, died in San Antonio in 1918. The wife and mother, Mrs. Elizabeth Maass, also died in 1918. Later Mr. Maass married Miss Etta Butcher of Clarksburg, W. Va.

Will J. Maass was eleven years old when his father moved to Bandera county, and he distinctly remembers manj^ of the early day events here. He became an expert fiddler and played for the dances and so cial functions of thirty-five years ago, and says people came from many miles around to attend those gatherings, and the dancing went on from sun-down until sun-up. Good fellowship, neighborly feeling and a generous hospitality alwaj^s marked those occasions. His father's neighbors on the Middle Verde w^ere Orlando Thallman, Capt. McGill, Ernest Oelze, a Mexican named Jesus, J. B. Davenport, Joe Holt, Mrs. B. C. Buckelew and children. All of these neighbors are gone except Mr. Thallman, who still lives on his old home place. Some have moved to distant parts, some still reside in the county, and some have died.

When the family settled on Middle Verde the country was ail open, for it was before wire fences had been introduced. TJie range was free, and was covered by high grass. Mr. Maass says he thinks August anh Fritz Rothe were the first to build a wire fence in the section where lie lived . They fenced a large body of pasture land over on the Hondo.

Morgan Moncur, one of the very earliest settlers in Bandera county and well known to all the old timers, was an uncle to Mr. Maass, and Henry Frick. who served as sherifi' of Bandera count}^ a number of terms, was a brother-in-law, having married Mr. Maass half-sister, Mary Kissling.

P'orty-eight years have passed since Will J, Maass came to Bandera county. He grew to manhood, married and raised his family of sons and daughters to be useful and respected citizens of this section, and has thus been a factor in the develpment and upbuilding of the county, and he expects to spend the balanre of his days here among the friends that have always proved true.

Sixty-Five Years In Baxdera

Joseph W. Holt was born in the town of Bandera December 18, 1857, grew to manhood in this countjs and has Hved here ever since. His father, Mose Holt, came to this section from Grayson county in 1856 and died in Bandera just a few months after the subject of this sketch was born. His widowed mother married John Cosgrove who lived on the Seco.

On March 20, 1878, Mr. Holt was married in Bandera to Miss Elizabeth Buckelew, Judge J. B. Davenport performing the ceremony. To this union were born ten children, seven of whom are living. They are Eben Holt of Tarpley, Jim Holt of Bandera, Mrs. Almeda Chipman of Bandera, Mrs. Bessie Johnson of Los Angeles, Calif.; Miss Tiny Holt of San Antonio, , Emmet Holt of Welder, Kansas, and Joe Holt, Jr., of Bandera. Mr. Holt now lives on Indian Creek, west of Bandera, and is engaged in stock-farming. He remembers many incidents of frontier days, and recalls several occasions when Indians stole horses from his step-father, Mr. Cosgrove. On one of their raids the savages killed his wife's father, Berry Buckelew, an account of which is given elsewhere in this book. He also remembers killing of Assessor McMurray between the Seco and Hondo. McMurray stayed all night with the Cosgroves the night before he was killed.

Hezekiah Griffin lived on East Verde Creek, southeast of Bandera, where he had pre-empted 160 acres, of land. His father and family lived with him. Among the Grifhns was a young man named Josiah Griffin. One day when Josiah went out to look for some horses, he was attacked by two Indians and came near losing his life. He was unarmed, but fought the redskins off with rocks and kept them (hedging until his sister, at the house, discovered his peril and ran to his aitl with a shotgun. As soon as the brothers and father learned of the attack they hastily mounted their horses and gave chase, but the Indians got away. Griffin was pretty badly wounded with arrows, one penetrating his arm, another his thigh and a third struck him in the small of the back. The spike that penetrated his thigh embedded itself in the bone, and was removed three j^ears later by Dr. Herff of San Antonio, He finally recovered and afterwards married Mr. Holt's sister.

While living on East A^erde Creek, Mr. Holt was often employed bj' Parson Dial, a Cumberland Presbyterian minister, who was also a surveyor, to carry the chain while making surveys and was paid $1.50 per day for his work. One morning very early he went out to help Parson Dial and neglected to tell his mother where he was going. As the day lengthened and he did not appear Mrs. Cosgrove became very uneasy about him. When night came and her boy was still absent she became almost frantic, feariiiii' that he had been killed by the Indians, so taking two of her children on a saddle pony, and accompanied by Sam Davenport, she started over to the Ross place on the Julian to learn if they had seen the missing boy. Young Holt, having finished his day's work and unaware of the uneasiness of his parent, leisurely started home and when near the Quihi Pass he discovered a strange procession approaching, which he took to be

Indians. Hastily concealing himself near the roadside he nnlimbered a big pistol he had with him, and when the party came within just a few steps of his position he made ready to fire upon them, but thinking he had better be sure he called out "Who goes there." They evidently did not hear him call, for no answer was made, and he was on the point of pulling the trigger when he decided to challenge again, and it is well that he did so, for the strange party was his mother and brother and sister. Mr. Holt says he has been scared pretty badly at different times, but this was the worst scare he ever had, when he discovered how near he had come to killing some of his own people.

Attacked By A Panther

In 1876 a negro named Henry Ramsey lived near Indian Creek, several miles from Bandera, and one night he heard a disturbance out in his front yard. When he opened the door to investigate the trouble a large panther sprang into the room and attacked him. The only weapon the negro could secure quickly was a large butcher knife and with this he killed tlie panther, but not before the ferocious beast bad bitten and lacerated his arms and body and torn his clothes into shreds. Old Doctor Peacock attended the wounded man but in a few days symptoms of hydrophobia appeared and the negro died in horrible agony.

Judge George Hay

for America from Liverpool, England, Sept. 10, 1841. They came across in a sailing vessel, the Tierien, add landed at New Orleans October 19, 1841, from whence they went np the Mississippi to St. Louis, where \\\ey tarried but a short time, then proceeded to Nauvoo. the Mormon city in Illinois. They remained at Nauvoo until 1845, when the family went back to St. Louis, where the elder Hay died, and in the fall following the to Keokuk, Iowa, later moving to Clark county in that state. In September, 1848, hearing of the wonderful opportunities in Texas, and seeking a land free from the antagonism at that time directed against the Mormons, the family with others sta^'ted to Texas in wagons drawn by mules. A long trip was ahead of them and the way was beset with all sorts of dangers and perils, but fearlessly the little band took up the journey. George Hay was then a small bo3% 12 years of age. . AVhen the party reached Kansas City, then a very small town, they were joined by a family named Johnson and a man named Spencer Smith of ('ouncil Bluffs, Iowa. Their destination was Zodiac, a Mormon settlement on the Perdenales river, three miles below Fredericksburg, which they reached safely after nearly three months on the road. Here the Hay family remained until 1850. A Mormon settlement had been made near Fort Grog^an in Burnet county, where a mill was erected, and the place was afterwards called Mormon Mills. Mrs. Haj^ and her children moved there, where they tarried until the spring of 1853, when they moved over to the Packsaddle Mountain vicinity to graze their cattle. In company with a large party of Mormons headed by Elder Lyman Wight they decided to transfer their location to Bandera county, reaching here March 1, 1854. Elder Wjght's company ^numbered about 250 souls and wjie|ijthey arrived in Bandera countj^ they found onh^ a very few people here, the Hadrians, Milsteads, T. L. Odem, P. D. j Saner, Mrs. Rees and sons, Charles de Montel, and ,others. In speaking of his arrival in Bandera, and subsequent events. Judge Hay said:

"This was a beautiful country then, a wilderness it is true, bui inviting and offering our people wonderful possibilities. Charles do Montel had a horsepower saw mill with a circular saw, and the men of the community were nearly all employed in getting out cypress timber and working at the mill. August Pingenot supplied the camp, for Bandera was but a camp then, with game. Here I met Amasa Clark, who was in the employ of Milstead. This was in 1854, and the friendship that was formed then has endured to this good day, and grows with the passing years. Here I also met DeWitt Biirney, an uncle to our })resent district judge. August Klappeuhach kept llic commissary for Mr. iVIontel. Klappenljacli afterwards built the first house in Bandera where he kept a store and postoffice. This house is still standing and forms one end of my residence. It was huilL in 1855, and was constructed of cypress lumber sawed at the mill here, the carpenter work being done by John Dugos, the father of Kasper and Christian Dugos, worthy citizens of our town. The elder Dugos had just arrived from Poland with the Polish colonists, and could not speak English, and had to receive his instructions as to dimensions and plan of the building in the sign language. Tf I remember rightly the Polish colonists arrived here February 3, 1855, and as they were destitute, they had a hard struggle for a number of years, but perseverance and the realization that they were living in free America helped to get them on a footing which they have since maintained. "After remaining here until the fall of 1854, Elder Wight and his company moved down the river about twelve miles where they established a settlement, known for many years as the Mormon Camp, where they remained until 1858. Elder lAnum Wight died and was buried there. The site of this camp is now covered by the waters of Medina Lake. With their leader dead, the Mormons then scattered, some going to the Indian Territor}^ and several families remained here; among those who chose to remain in this section were Andrew Ilutt'man, Mrs. Janet Ballentyne, i.\bram Moncur, Joseph Goodale.Meachem Curtis, and others whose names I can't recall just

Bandera county was organized in 1856. O. B. Miles was first chief justice, William Curtis was sheriff, James P. P. Poole was the first county clerk. The first term of court was held in a building in the western part of town which was used as a school house. I was deputy clerk under Poole, but did not have very much to do. Afterwards I was elected county clerk and served for several terms. Finally I decided that I did not want the office and hustled like everything to elect my successor, I*. D. vSaner. I also served several terms as assessor and collectoi-, and am now serving as justice of tlie peace of Bandera precinct.

"In the fall of 1869 I became associated with James Booker Davenport in the mercantile business in the house now occupied as a dwelling by Sheriff Henry Stevens. Later Mr. Charles Schmidtke came into the firm and it became known as Davenport, Schmidtke & Hay, dealers in general merchandise. Our business thrived, but later Mr. Davenport retired and Schmidtke & Hay conducted the business until 1874, when H. H. Carmichael bought an interest in the firm and we erected the stone building now used as a warehouse by the Bandera County Ranchmen & Farmers Association. Mr. Schmidtke retired from the firm and Carmichael & Hay continued until 1903, when we met with reverses, and almost in a twinkling the crash came and we were swept off our feet. Mr. Carmichael died here in 1913. Later I moved to Hondo, where I lived for ten years and engaged in the confectionery business there.

"In 1861, when the Civil War came on, ahnosl every man between the ages of 18 and 45 were enrolled in the Frontier Battalion for frontier protection. I was commissioned a lieutenant, but being an officer made no difference to me. I went into the ranks, stood guard and performed all the duties of a private. I have never received a cent for mv services and none of my comrades ever received a cent of pay. We had to furnish ourselves too. Some ammunition was supplied, but it was of such poor quality as to be almost worthless. The Indians often made raids down into this settlement and below here, and we would take I heir trail, sometiuics inflictiui;' severe pimislunenl ou I he red rascals. There are many thrilling incidents connected with the history of this county. Many tragedies have taken place, many hardships were endured by the first settlers, many of the old timers have passed over the great divide to return no more^ many of our sons,have gone out and won high places in the world, many of our daughters have married and raised manly sons and lovelj^ daughters who are toda}' filling places of usefulness in different parts of the country. I am proud that I can look back upon the sixty-seven years that I have spent here and realize the wonderful changes that have taken place, ;ill for the belterment of mankind and the glory of American manhood and womanhood that brought these things to pass."

Judge Hay is now 86 years old. He is quite active and discharges the duties of justice of the peace in an acceptable manner. His mind is very clear, and he recalls dates and events with the precision of a much younger man. He has ten children living,

41 grandchildren and 30 great grandchildren. His living children are Mrs. Amanda Elam, George A. Hay, Mrs. Georgiana Risinger, Frank T. Haj', Mrs Mary Langford, of Bandera, Charles William Hay of Colingua, Calif., Joe M. Hay of Hondo, Mrs. Ola Croisdale of Austin, John Hay of San Antonio, Mrs. Janet Currie of Los Angeles, Calif. Another daughter, Mrs. Ora Smith, died in California during the influenza epidemic and was brought home for burial.

Judge Hay is spending his declining years at the old family homestead in this city, where for many years he and his good wife kept open house to the traveling public, and entertained many distinguished visitors under their hospitable roof.

Mrs. Hay, before her marriage, was Miss Virginia Minear. She is a native Texan, having been born in Fannin countj^ near Bonliam, March 25th, 1844. She came to Bandera county when about eight years old with her widowed mother. Hertfather was murdered in Coryell county, where he had taken up a homestead. The burden of years rest liglitl^^ upon this good old mother and she gets about as lively as a middle-aged woman. She attends to all of her household duties, and has a pleasant, cheerful greeting for all visitors.

Emil Huffmeyer

Emil Huffmeyer was born in San Antonio in 1845, and came to Bandera in 1873 He first owned a store where the Montague residence now stands, afterwards putting up a log building where he eventually erected the stone building now occupied by W. J. Davenport

Ik Co. He also built the dwelling where L. H. Hayes now jives. In 1878 his brother, Adolphe Huftineyer, bought an interest in the business and they continued the partnership through many years. When the court house was built in Bandera, the Hutt'meyer brothers were on the contractor's bond and were compelled to complete the contract, thereby losing several thousand dollars. Tn 1893 Emil Iluffmeyer sold his interest in the business here to his brother, and moved to San Marcos where he again engaged in mercantile pursuits, with considerable success. All through life he made many friends and had but few enemies. He died at San Marcos April 14, 1919. His wife still lives in tnat city.

Adolphe Huffmeyer, who was associated with him and afterwards succeeded him in the mercantile business in Bandera, was married to Miss Mat tie Hugh in 1880. Thc}^ built the stone cottage on Water Street, where their five children were born. They now live in San Antonio.

n. 11. Carmichael came to Texas from Missouri when he was 14 j^ears old. It was during the Civil War, and he was accompanied by his mother, sister, and others. They came through in an ox-wagon, their destination being Georgetown and Helena, where they had relatives. After the close of the war they returned to ^Missouri, where Mr. Carmichael finished his education in the Columbia University. When he was 20 vears old he came back to Texas, and at

Mr. Carmichael was married October 22, 1876, to Miss Mary E. Risinger of Helena, coming directlj^ to Bandera. They lived for several months with Grandma Hay. mother of George Hay, while waiting for their home to be built, the first home being started where the J. E. Browning home at Medina now stands. The land on which Medina City is now located was the pasture of Mr. Carmichael at that time. When the new home was almost finished the Indians made a raid between Medina and Bandera, and killed a Mr. Phillips, a brother to Mrs. Buck Hamilton. As there were no near neighbors, he felt it would be unsafe to establish a home there, so the almost finished dwelling was torn down and moved to Bandera, rebuilding it where the home of Lee Risinger now stands. Mr. Carmichael engaged in the mercantile business with George Hay, and acquired an interest in the mill and gin here. The first mill and gin was washed aw^ay in 1900. It was then established on the hill and is now the ice plant. He continued in business in Bandera, and was also interested in the firm's branch houses at Ozona and Sanderson, until the break came.

The present Carmichael home was built for his sister and was used as a boarding house. After her second marriage he obtained the property and moved there. It is still the Carmichael home, a grand old colonial mansion, with spacious grounds and stately trees surrounding. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Carmichael, two dying in infancy. Lawson the eldest son, died six years ago. Those now living are Ihil Carmichael of Sabinal, Jolin Carmichael of Tiiscon, Arizona: Mrs. Stanley Lewis of Sabinal, Mrs. M. M. Peters of Many, La.; Gervys Carmichael of Houston.

For severl years after he returned to Texas Mr. Carmichael bought and drove cattle to Kansas markets. It was a remarkable fact that on these drives he was younger than most of the men who were working for him. His death occurred nine years ago. Mrs. (^armichael survives him and makes her home with her children.

Judge Edward M. Ross

Judge Edward M. Ross was a native of New York. He was a veteran of the Mexican War, and after his discharge from the armj^ he later re-enlisted and for a long time was stationed at Camp Verde. While at this post he gained the idea that he had found a good couiitr}' with a great future, and he located right here, established a ranch, and engaged in raising sheep, cattle and horses. He was one of the pioneer school teachers of San Antonio, living there in the early 50's. He served as county judge of Bandera county several terms.

Judge Ross died at the home of his son-in-law, Eb Buck, near Bandera in 1909, at the advanced age of 90 years. His wife died in 1899 Of the seven cliildren born to Judge and Mrs. Ross five are yet living. They are John Ross of Bandera, Mrs. Mary Perner of Ozona, Mrs. Kate Buck of Bandera, Ed Ross and Jim Ross.

Fabian L. Hicks

One of the prominent men of Bandera county in the early days was Fabian L. Hicks, who came to Texas in 1855 from North Carolina. He was born at Forrestville, in that state, April 16, 1828. Shortly after arriving in Texas he joined an expedition under Capt. James H. Callahan to cross the river into Mexico to chastise a tribe of Indians that had been depredating on the frontier of Texas and escaping into the sister republic. After returning from this expedition Mr. Hicks came to Bandera county and went into the stock business. Here he was happily married to Miss Hedwig Anderwald, and raised a large family, Ten children were born to this couple, six of wdiom are now living: Fabian A. Hicks of Utopia, Gleamer Hicks of Tarpley, Mrs. Animate Garison of Medina, Lucius Hicks of Tarpley, Elvius Hicks of Bandera, and Mrs. Hercelia Meadows of Medina. The child i en that have died were Cleophas Hicks, Albina Hicks. Mary Hicks and Mrs. Eratha Fee, who was the wife of (ieorge Fee, a Bandera newspaper man.

Mr. Hicks went on many scouts after Indians, and was always ready to fearlessly take the trail and follow the red devils as long as there was any chance to overtake them, In A. J. Sowell's "Texas Indian Fighters" is given the following account of a chase in which Mr. Hicks was engaged:

"On one occasion Mr. Hicks and a number of others pursued a band of Indians to the head of the Medina river and came so close upon them, the trail being very fresh, Mr. Hicks proposed a halt while he reconnoitered. Going down into the bed of a creek where there was some water, the Indian sign was so fresh that he knew they must be in the immediate vicinity. Thej^ had watered their horses there and the water was still muddy; in fact it seemed that they had run away from the water as if they had detected the presence of the white men. Mr. Hicks went down the creek a little furtner and then turned back, as the Indian trail had left the creek and went among the rocks wliere he could not see it. After getting nearly back to where the Indians had watered their horses he discovered an Indian sitting on his horse on a bluff not more than thirty j^ards away, looking and listening. Hicks took a quick but steady aim at his side and fired. At the crack of the rifle the Indian uttered a loud squall and went tearing down into a ravine on his horse, and Mr. Hicks could hear him making a noise down there like a buzzard or something of that sort, as you might say, a squawking noise. Hicks quickly reloaded his gun and went back to where he left his horse and the other men. They now went to look for the wounded Indian and the others, but nothing could be seen of them. Blood was found on the trail wliere the Indian ran his horse after Hicks shot him. but down in the ravine he got with his companions and the}^ carried him away, the trail continuing towards the divide in a very rough country. Mr. Hicks wanted to follow, but the other men refused to go, saying the Indians knew of their presence and would be certain to ambush them somewhere. One of the men in this party had l)een shot by an Indian with an arrow only a short time before, right in the town ci' Bandera, just after dark one night. On the way back they met a squad of soldiers from Camp