Day-Mutual Mine, Burnt Tree Fork, Spring Canyon, Helper

Source document Quoted word for word from HAER UTAH,4-HELP.V,1-. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The mine tipple is associated with events that have made significant contributions to the broad patterns of our history, i.e., early century coal mining in Utah and the western United States. The tipple is an integral part of the overall Mutual mining operation as it evolved through the century. It is an example of a mine support facility, designed for a particular function and constructed with cheap, locally unavailable materials. It is one of the few surviving examples of wooden tipples. remaining in the Spring Canyon district. The site retains integrity of setting and physical integrity and therefore conveys feeling and association with its period of historical significance.

Source document Quoted word for word from HAER UTAH,4-HELP.V,1-. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Robert G. Rosenberg, Historical Consultant A. Dudley Gardner, Principal Investigator Western Wyoming College August Day-Mutual Mine HAER No. UT-45 (Page 2)

History

The Mutual Coal Company opened a coal mine on the northeast side of the Burnt Tree Fork of Spring Canyon in February The land was acquired by state and government lease and from lands formerly leased by the Carbon Fuel Company and the Morton Coal Company. The company was formed by a group of Salt Lake City businessmen. The president and general manager was W. H. Homer, the vice president was W. A. Coughanour, the secretary-treasurer was J. Edward Taylor, and the mine superintendent was Albert Shaw. The Mutual Coal Company was a public corporation and, by had stockholders who were entitled to discounts on coal purchases.l The Mutual Mine was located about one-half mile northwest of Rains. The mine was on the Subseam No.

2, the second coal bed underlying the Castlegate bed in the Blackhawk Formation of the Mesaverde Group of the Cretaceous Period. The drift mine developed a seam of coal that averaged five to six feet in thickness. By November 15, the mine had already produced tons of coal. The mine was developed by the room and pillar method that held up the roof. The coal was undercut with machines and shot down. Horses and two electric locomotives were used to haul coal in the mine. From the portal, a 3200-foot incline tram delivered the cars to a tipple at the railroad at the mouth of the canyon, where the coal was cleaned, sorted, and screened for market.2 During the early to mid-1920s, the Mutual Coal Company developed three mines, located in close proximity on both sides of the canyon.

All developed the same coal seams and were numbered from one to three. According to the State Coal Mine Inspector, the Mutual Coal Company produced tons of coal in and tons in Production continued at a slightly reduced rate, with tons in However, output began to fall dramatically, with the onset of the Great Depression. Only tons of coal were produced between January 1, and June 30, In addition to the sagging national economy, labor problems contributed to decreased production. Disgruntled Mutual miners went on strike against the company three times in The strikes were a result of legitimate grievances against the company and a fight for dominance between the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the National Miners Union (NMU).

The latter union was formed by disenchanted UMWA members in While the NMU was generally successfully at Mutual in all three strikes, the UMWA ultimately gained dominance of all mine workers at Mutual and throughout Carbon County by the end of Although labor problems gradually subsided at the mine, production from July 1, to June 30, fell to only tons of coal, and to only tons of coal from July 1, to June 30, Day-Mutual Mine HAER No. UT-45 (Page 3) The Mutual Coal Company ceased operations in but several smaller operations were established in the immediate vicinity during and after World War II.

The first was the Day Mine or Day-Mutual Mine, which was established by Wayne Day of Rains, Utah, in or The Day Mine was described as a small two or three-man operation that took advantage of the increased coal demand during World War II. The mine was located on the steep southwest slope of the Burnt Tree Fork of Spring Canyon, only about feet northwest of the Mutual Mine workings and directly across from the town of Mutual. Day built a wooden tipple to load the coal onto trucks. The tipple still stands at the mine site. The mine appears to have been productive throughout World War II and for a short period of time afterward. An estimated tons of coal were produced during the life of the mine.

Maps of underground mine workings reveal that the Day-Mutual Mine worked the same coal deposits as the old Mutual Mines, and filled a small unworked gap between the old Mutual workings and those of the Vulcan Fuel Company Mine to the south in the Left Fork of Spring Canyon.5 The third operation in the Mutual area was the Western Coal Mining Company, organized by George Schultz, former mine superintendent at the Liberty Mine, and his son, Harold. The main portal of the Western Mine was located on the same side of the canyon as the Day-Mutual Mine and only about 600 feet to the northwest. Operations began here between and and continued through the and mid-1960s.

The Western Mine built a truck haul road along the old incline tramway of the Mutual Mine to the old Mutual tipple located at the mouth of the canyon. Overall production of the Western Mine is unknown, but it was the last coal mining operation in the immediate vicinity of Mutual.6 The town of Mutual was constructed by the Mutual Coal Company to house and serve the miners. There were twenty-six small wood frame cottages in Mutual in It is likely that the company used readily-available standardized coal camp building plans for constructing the Mutual living quarters. The company probably used its own employees to lay out and build the structures to fit the confines of the canyon topography. However, no records or plans have been located concerning the construction history of Mutual.

Numerous other dwellings were constructed as needed on both sides of the access road that exists today along the Burnt Tree Fork of Spring Canyon, from the two-story stone Mutual Store near the canyon forks to the Western Mine. General Land Office survey plats from show the "Morton Mining Camp" located on the northeast side of the canyon and north of the Mutual town site near the confluence of Ciochetto Canyon with the Burnt Tree Fork of Spring Canyon. The Mutual Store was independently owned and run by John Columbo and is inscribed with the date of August 18, It is an outstanding example Day-Mutual Mine HAER No. UT-45 (Page 4) of the fine Italian stone masonry, characteristic of the Spring Canyon area. The Mutual Store was the focal point of community activity.

The amusement hall on the second floor served a number of uses including union hall, movie theater, dance floor, and boxing arena. It also had a pool hall, saloon, and doctor's office. Due to the close proximity of the Rains and Mutual communities, both towns served the same population. Rains retained a post office and school, used by the Mutual dwellers. The Mutual Store, used by residents of both towns, remained in business until By that date, mining activity had greatly decreased in the western portion of Spring Canyon, and miners could commute from Helper or even Price, obviating the need for immediate facilities, such as the store or company housing.7 II. HISTORICAL

Significance of the Mutual Mining Area

In Desert West Research, Salt Lake City, Utah, conducted a Class III cultural resource survey of the Spring Canyon area, including the Mutual Mine Area. Mutual including the Day-Mutual Mine tipple, was considered eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.8 The exact construction date of the Day-Mutual Mine tipple cannot be determined, but is about The Day-Mutual Mine was a short-term, World War II-era small coal mining operation within the overall Mutual mining Area in the Burnt Tree Fork of Spring Canyon. Although it does not date from the first commercial coal mining period at Mutual, it is considered an integral part of the continuing evolvement and overall history of coal mining in this area.

There were several other small mining operations nearby, including the Harvey Mine and the Duncan Mine. The nearby Western Mine was the most recent and was the last commercial mining operation in the Mutual mining area. All of these mine developed different portions of the same coal seams. Their above-ground manifestations tend to overlap, and the Mutual Mining Camp and the earlier Morton Mining Camp remnants stand nearby. An old stone blacksmith shop stands near the collapsed portal of the Western Mine, although it dates from the and was not used by the Western Mine. It is, therefore, difficult and perhaps unwise to separate and isolate these features from one another. All are physical manifestations of the gradual evolution of the Mutual mining area.

The Day-Mutual Mine is an integral part of the history of the Mutual mining area within the greater Spring Canyon coal mining district, the Book Cliffs Coal Field, and the overall history of coal mining in the State of Utah and the western United States. The site therefore has local, state, and regional historical significance. Although the Day-Mutual Mine was a small, short-term coal mining operation, it is a part of the overall Mutual mining area that produced significant Day-Mutual Mine HAER No. UT-45 (Page 5) quantities of coal from about to the early The various Mutual mining operations supported a substantial and ethnically divergent work force that shared the facilities of two close communities, Rains and Mutual.

The Day-Mutual tipple is an example of a mine support facility, designed for a particular function and constructed with cheap, locally available materials. It is unlikely that any formal set of building plans were ever drawn prior to construction. The structure represents the ingenuity and practicality of experienced mining men. It fulfills the requirements of a low cost, yet efficient coal storage and loading facility for a small, short-term mining operation. It is similar to its larger, more elaborate wooden counterparts that proliferated throughout the Spring Canyon mining area during the early twentieth century, but have all be torn down or razed. With the exception of the Day-Mutual wooden tipple, only examples of concrete and metal tipples remain today.

Site Description

Day-Mutual Mine Tipple: Site Feature 1, Structure S4 (SW/NW/NE/NE Section 12, Tl3S-R8E, template anchored in SE corner) The Day-Mutual mine tipple is on the lower southwest slope of the Burnt Tree Fork of Spring Canyon, about one-half mile northwest of the old Rains town site. It is a tall wooden structure consisting of peeled log and wooden timbers. It was constructed on a slope, so that the upper deck was on the same level as the old mine portal. It measures approxi- mately 23 feet in width at the base, 50 feet in height, and 60 feet in length. The upper portion consists of a wood plank deck with a centered slot conforming to the width of the rail tracks, allowing the coal cars to dump coal directly into a funnel-shaped steel hopper below.

Portions of the wooden deck have since been removed or have rotted, and the track is no longer in place. The upper deck is supported by vertical peeled logs and horizontal and slanted cross timbers fastened with large metal bolts. A sheet steel hopper supported by timbers was built into the superstructure, so that the coal could be stored and then easily loaded onto waiting coal trucks. It does not appear that the tipple was equipped to sort or screen the coal prior to loading. The lower portion of the tipple has a plank deck, measuring 23 feet by 14 feet. The deck is on the same level as the bottom of the hopper and is supported with 9xl8-inch timbers. There is also a poured concrete base to support the hopper.

It is no longer evident as to how the coal existed the hopper to be loaded onto the trucks. Presumably, some kind of chute was lowered, an the coal was released by means of a sliding door. There is a level area in front of the tipple to accommodate coal trucks. Day-Mutual Mine HAER No. UT-45 (Page 6) The Day-Mutual Mine tipple is typical of a small independent mine operation. With limited development capital and a small output, mine support facilities were kept simple and functional. They were often built by small crews, using locally-available material. Permanency was not a prime consideration in such an operation. As a result, the Day-Mutual Mine tipple is currently in an advanced state of disrepair and is in danger of collapsing.

Several of the main supports on the south side of the structure are completely rotted through. Rock and other materials are gradually creeping downslope and creating additional pressure on main supports. IV. FOOTNOTES 1 Mutual Coal Company, Mutual Coal Company: An Organization Created to Serve the Interests of the Fuel Consumer (Salt Lake City: Mutual Coal Company, (Pamphlet); State of Utah, Industrial Commission of Utah, Report of the Mine Inspection Department, pp. 2 Ibid.; C. A. Allen and E. M. Spieker, "Analyses of Utah Coals," U.S. Bureau of Mines Technical Paper No. 345 (Washington: Government Printing Office, p. 54; H. H. Doelling, Central Utah Coal Fields: Sevier, Sanpete, Wasatch Plateau, Book Cliffs and Emery, Monograph Series No.

3 (Salt Lake City: Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey, pp. 3 State of Utah, Report of the Industrial Commission, State Coal Mine Inspector's Report, p. 66; pp. 25, 62; p. 52. 4 Allan Kent Powell, The Next Time We Strike: Labor in Utah's Coal Fields, (Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press, pp. State of Utah, Report of Industrial Commission, State Coal Mine Inspector's Report, 5 Doelling, p.

State of Utah, Report of Industrial Commission, State Coal Mine Inspector, Utah Geological & Mineral Survey, Maps of Mined Out Areas, Mutual, Day-Mutual Coal Mines, Frank Pugliesi, personal communication, Mutual Mine, August 22, Dick Schultz, personal communication, Helper, Utah, August 23, Val Turri, personal communication, Helper, Utah, August 26, 6 Schultz, Frank Pugliesi, State of Utah, Report of the Industrial Commission, State Coal Mine Inspector, Maps of Mined Out Areas. 7 Frank Pugliesi, Dick Schultz, Chuck Zehnder, A Guide to Carbon County Coal Camps and Ghost Towns (Helper, Utah: pp. Day-Mutual Mine HAER NO. UT-45 (Page 7) 8 Michael S.

Berry, "An Archeological Evaluation of Historic Coal Mining Sites in Carbon County: Spring Canyon, Bear Canyon, Scofield and Gordon Creek Areas," Desert West Research, Salt Lake City, Utah, (typewritten). ' . i t \\ }} : ff I .\ t~ -r- :/OM , II \41 . ~ VULCAN \ ;:ti t:/ :i:,. Ill t:<:I '<: ;;o I I z~ 0 rt I i:: c; !-3 I : I +" r' V1 ::l (1) I Ij \- MAP OF MUTUAL MINE WORKINGS l The Day-Mutual Mine worked the same coal deposits as the old Mutual Mines, and filled a small un- -Ill ()Q (I) worked gap between the old Mutual workings and those of the Vulcan Fuel Company Mine to the south co in Left Fork of Spring Canyon. (Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Maps of Mined out Areas, Mutual, Day-Mutual Coal Mines, Day-Mutu aiUT-,-415 Min,c HAER Nu:. (Page JO) w _J a.. a..

- 1- w z 0 z ~ > I.J..I _J UJ :r: f- 0:: 0 z 0 II 0 i-: LL. ' 0 901 Day-Mut'Ual Mir1e HAER (Page 9} DAY- MUTUAL MINE TIPPLE HAER No. UT-45 --, 0 I ' CONTOUR INTERVAL IOFT. ADDENDUM TO: HAER No. UT-45 DAY-MUTUAL MINE F (Mutual Mine Loading Complex) Burnt Tree Fork, Spring Canyon ({ /\ Helper vicinity Carbon County Utah PHOTOGRAPHS EN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior C St. NW Washington, DC ADDENDUM TO DAY-MUTUAL MINE HAER No. UT-45 (Page 11) HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD DAY-MUTUAL MINE IAT/tH (Mutual Mine Loading Complex) 4-ffELP I- This report is an addendum to a 10 page report previously transmitted to the Library of Congress.

Introduction

Location Spring Canyon, Helper vicinity, Utah Southeast~. Section 1, Northeast~. Section 12, Township 13 South, Range 8 East, Carbon County, Utah USGS Quad: Standardville, Utah Date of Construction Primary use of the mine was begun in The main mine was constructed about It was closed in 193 7. The mine was reopened during World War II & the Korean War. The Mutual Store was closed in & the Mutual Mine was closed in Present Owner John, Nick & Luke Pappas, Brigham Young University Present Use Not in use. Significance The mine is significant as part of the Spring Canyon Mining District, which has been recommended for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. Historian John A. Senulis Senco-Phenix Salt Lake City, Utah ADDENDUM TO DAY-MUTUAL MINE HAER No. UT-45 (Page 12)

Historical Context

Coal has always been an important commodity in Utah. Brigham Young extolled the value of coal over wood and wrote to the New York Herald in the soliciting capital for its removal and use in manufacturing. In the Territorial Legislature offered a reward of for anyone locating abundant sources of coal that could be shipped to Salt Lake City <Utah Mining Association: Coal was first discovered in Coalville in James Gunnison, on an exploratory mapping mission for the United States Corps of Topographical Engineers, discovered coal in Castle Valley <Doelling and Smith: Even though coal was readily available, it was very difficult to transport to populated Salt Lake City. Packing by mule or by wagon when roads were available_ was a costly and time consuming .effort.

The Fairview Coke and Coal Company opened a seam 1n Huntington Canyon in but poor transportation facilities caused the company's failure tn (Doelling and Smith: The true development of the coal industry in Utah coincides with the development of the railroad industry. In the Union Pacific Railroad, in need of coal for operation, opened mines in Green River and Rock Springs, Wyoming, and in in Coalville, Utah. The Union Pacific Railroad, which generally followed the route of modern day Interstates 80 and 84 into Ogden, Utah, had easy access from it's mines to the urban market of Salt Lake Valley. Without a competing railroad from other coal sources this created an AlJlJtl'HJUlYl .L V DAY-MUTUAL MINE HAER No.

UT-45 (Page 13) immediate monopoly on the coal supply for Salt Lake City which persisted for a decade (Union Pacific Coal Company: General William Palmer, head of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, had been stifled in his attempt to extend his railroad into Sante Fe and the southwest. In he turned his attention westward toward Utah, particularly with thoughts of market opportunities for his Colorado Coal and Iron Company <Athearn: In the Pleasant Valley Coal Company and the Pleasant Valley Railway had begun to break the monopoly of the Union Pacific. Obviously witnessing this success Palmer influenced Salt Lake businessman Dr.

William Bell to form the Sevier Valley Railway in with the expressed intent of building a line from Ogden south to the Arizona border <Athearn: In the Sevier Valley Railway as well was the Salt Lake and Park City Railway were merged in to the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railway.

By the "Western," as it was popularly known, had acquired most of the narrow gauge mining railways in the State of Utah including the Pleasant Valley Railway <Athearn: The former Sevier Valley Railway had begun an eastern branch, originally scheduled to run through Castle Valley and Salina Canyon, the Western company revised the route of the railway when the Central Utah Railroad, a division of the Union Pacific, showed renewed interest in Carbon County in (Athearn: The mainline of the Denver and Rio Grande Western was a narrow gauge railway that fit the needs of the existing narrow gauge mining railroads. The Denver and Rio Grade Western joined the DAY-MUTUAL MINE HAER No. UT-45 (Page 14) Denver and Rio Grande on May 30, just outside Green River, Utah (Athearn: >.

While the Union Pacific was concentrating on developing its Wyoming coal resources, the Denver and Rio Grande Western, in formed a subsidiary coal company, Utah Fuel Company. Utah Fuels acquired the Sunnyside and Castle Gate mines, which together with the previously acquired Pleasant Valley Coal Company formed a monopoly once held once by Union Pacific. In Utah fuels was the leading producer of coal in Utah, and Carbon County was clearly the center of production (Alexander: Carbon County was rocked with disaster on May 1, when an explosion and fire occurred in the No. 4 entry of the Winter Quarter's mine in Pleasant Valley. The disaster was compounded because the No. 4 entry was connected to the No. 1 entry near the point of the explosion.

Miners not killed by the fire and explosion became victims of the deadly gas colloquially known as afterdamp. A total of 200 miners lost their lives in what was probably a preventable accident. The disaster's magnitude was unusual but poor working conditions and individual deaths were commonplace. The shock of the disaster did much to stimulate organized labor in Utah during the first decade of this century (Powell The early twentieth century saw three major trends in mining in Carbon County. The first was the continuous immigration from Europe and the far east into the county. The second trend was an increasing demand for coal and coke AUUENUUM TU DAY-MUTUAL MINE HAER No. UT-45 (Page 15) both in Utah and in other parts of the west.

Together the two trends combined to increase the population of Carbon County in a growing, if unstable economy, <Powe 11 : ) . The third trend was the rise of the independent coal companies. This trend actually began in when Utah Fuel Company was taken to court for fraudulently acquiring public coal land. As Denver and Rio Grande Western had entered Utah with "dummy corporations" so did Utah Fuel Company expand their operations in Carbon County.

The trial took five years and the Utah Fuel Company lost and was heavily fined (Powell: With this loss, and the threat of a formation of a Public Utilities Commission, Utah Fuels became more compliant with competition to the point of attempting to join other Carbon County coal companies in fixing prices <Powell: With the end of the railroad monopoly new sources of capital were attracted to Carbon County, Spring Canyon, which had been previously prospected saw new mines developed in at Standardville by F.A. Sweet and at Storr's by William J. <Uncle Jesse) Knight <Alexander: Jesse Knight needed coal and coke for his silver mines at Tintic, and 1n the typical Knight fashion, he purchased acres with mineral rights to the canyon and had 60 sandstone houses built.

Knight named the town for his associate George A. Storr's, who managed the mine. Together with the elaborate facilities built by Sweet at Standardville, Knights' mine, commonly called the Spring Canyon Mine, helped make Spring Canyon the center of mining in Carbon County. Knight brought a rail line into Spring Canyon from Helper which opened the canyon for further development. AlJlJbNlJUM TU DAY-MUTUAL MINE HAER No. UT-45 (Page 16) New mines were opened on a regular basis in the years between and (see figure l for the map of holdings in Rains, a former opera singer who became general manager at Standard in formed the Carbon Fuel Company in and opened the mine at Rains. This mine was in an eighteen foot thick coal seam and began as an excellent producer.

Shortly thereafter the town of Rains with school, boardinghouse, bath house and store was constructed (Zehnder: At approximately the same time Frank Latuda was prospecting on the other side of the canyon, slightly south of the Carbon Fuels property. He formed the Liberty Fuels Company and the town of Latuda (first named Liberty and then changed to Latuda in Jesse Knight and F.A. Sweet had bypassed the land at the mouth of the canyon when they established their mines. This property was bought and developed by William H. Sweet and Charles N.

Sweet in The new mine was sold to the Peerless Coal Company in The Peerless Coal Company was formed by businessman James Murdoch and former Salt Lake Mayor Ezra Thompson (Cederlof: Peerless was a difficult Mine to operate because of split seams and burned coal. It did survive because of the stimulus of World War I and the subsequent boom of the The mine closed and reopened during the with the introduction of new equipment (Cederlof: The Mutual Coal Company began acquiring land north of Rains from the AUUbNUUMTU DAY-MUTUAL MINE HAER No.

UT-45 (Page 17) Carbon Fuel Company in and began mining coal in (Mutual: The Mutual Coal Company was a public company headed by a diverse group of Salt Lake businessmen (Industrial Commission Report: Shares in the company allowed the buyer to purchase coal at a discount (Mutual: The company grew steadily in both stockholders and amount of coal produced so that by it produced tons (Figure 2). Ownership diversified by included directors from Idaho and California (Figure 3). The towns of Rains and Mutual were very close together and they shared many facilities. The schoolhouse, post office and store at Rains were all used initially by the people of Mutual. In a new store was built at Mutual which eventually replaced the one at Rains.

The store at Mutual was a two-story affair constructed by Italian and Greek stonemasons. There was an amusement hall on the top floor which was used as a union hall, movie theater, dance hall and boxing arena. The building also held a pool hall, a saloon and a doctor's office <Mangus: as quoted in Vlasic: The actual operation of the Mutual Mine in is best told by the Utah Coa1 Mine Inspector <Industrial Commission : see also Figure 4). The Mutual Mine of the Mutual Coal Company located near Rains, Utah is producing coal from a bed of coal known as the Sub 2 bed. It is the second coal bed underlying the Castle Gate floor. The coal bed dips approximately 5 degrees to the northeast and has an average thickness of six feet. ADDENDUM TO DAY-MUTUAL MINE HAER No.

UT-45 (Page 18) Underground haulage is accomplished by means of horses, two 6-tons electric locomotives of the trolley type and one 20-horsepower electric hoist. An incline tram, feet in length, connects the mine with the tipple at the foot of the mountain, where the coal passes over shaker screens, conveyors, picking tables, etc., and is prepared for the market. A separate plant is used for screening and preparing the slack. The Mutual Mine followed a parallel course with the other mines in Spring Canyon enduring the depths of the depression and thriving during the peaks of World War II and the Korean War. By because of the declining economy most of the miners were leaving the canyon.

Peerless closed first in followed by the Mutual Store in and the Mutual Mines in Skeleton crews remained at the other mines until they closed. Latuda shut down in followed by Spring Canyon in and Standardville in The remains at Mutual include the store walls, 17 deteriorating portals with two timber tipples and a complex timber and metal e-hopper-porta-l--comp 1ex--; There are scattered foundations- -and some masonry walls. This same scene is repeated throughout Spring Canyon. ADDENDUM TO DAY-MUTUAL MINE HAER No. UT-45 (Page 19)

Bibliography

Alexander, Thomas G. "From Dearth to Deluge, Utah's Coal Industry," Utah Historical Quarterly, Volume 31, No. 3, Salt Lake City. Athearn, Robert G. Rebtl_Qf_the._BockJe_s: The Denver and Rio _Grande Western Railroad. Yale University Press, New Haven. Cederlof, A. Philip "THe Peerless Coal Mines," Utah Historical Quarterly, Volume 53, No. 4, Salt Lake City. Doelling, H. H. and M. R. Smith Q_verview of Utab..__Coal Fields: In Gurgel, Klaus editor. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on the Geology of Rocky Mountain Coal. Bulletin Utah Department of Natural Resources, Utah Geologic and Mineral Survey. Industrial Commission of Utah Report of Mine Inspection Department: July 1, - June 30, State of Utah, Bulletin No. 4, Salt Lake City.

Mangus, Harry Personal Gommunication, as quoted in Vlasic, James, "Historical Overview of Abandoned Mine Sites, " in P,n Archeologic.tl_ _Eval..Y.ation of Historical Coal Mini.ng Sites in Carbon County. Desert West Research, Salt Lake City. Mutual Coal Company Promotional Brochure, Salt Lake City. Located in the Utah Historical Society Library, Salt Lake City. Powell, Allan Kent "Land of Three Heritages: Mormons, Immigrants and Miners" in Notarianni, Phillip F., Editor, Catbon County: Utah's Industrialized Island, Utah Historical Society, Salt Lake City. ADDENDUM TO DAY-MUTUAL MINE HAER No. UT-45 (Page 20) Powell, Allan Kent The Next_nme We Strike: Labor in_Utah~Coal Field. Utah State University Press, Logan Utah.

Union Pacific Coal Company History of Jhe __ Union_ Pacific Coal CoJI!l)__a_ru'.._Mines. - The Colonial Press, Omaha. Utah Mining Association Utah's Mining Industry. Utah Mining Association, Salt Lake Zehnder, Chuck Coal Dumps and Ghost Towns: A Guide to Carbon County. Castle Press, Price, Utah. ADDENDUM TO DAY-MUTUAL MINE HAER No. UT-45 DESCRIPTION OF FEATURE (Page 21) IV. AT THE MUTUAL MINE SITE SPRING CANYON, HELPER, UTAH General Information 1. Sources The materials used in the feature descriptions was taken from the following data sources: 1. Notes and dimensions taken by Allen D. Roberts during on site investigation conducted june 26, 2. Photographs taken by John A. Senulis during on-site investigation June 26, 3.

Site descriptions prepared by the Utah Department of Natural Resources; Division of Oil, Gas and Mining; Abandoned Mine Program. 4. Sheets of measured architectural features prepared by Allen D. Roberts during the month of August, II. Format The feature has been described using a four step process as follows: A. Probab 1e use <or name). B. Construction materials. C. Di mens ions . D. Additional Information. Feature Description Feature: 1. A. Coal loading complex. B. Timber framed bridge, concrete pad, sheet metal building, metal loading bin and metal rails. C. The coal loading complex is 113 feet long by 52 feet wide with variable heights. D. Complex was probably associated with a closed portal. It was probably used for weighing mine cars and dumping the coal into hoppers.

A rail line may have run out the canyon floor.