Okanogan County, Washington - Biographical sketches, 1904 (part 1 of 5)

Biographical sketches

HON. STEPHEN E. BARRON needs no introduction to the people of Okanogan county. In 1900 they sent him to the state legislature and then nominated him for the United States congress, but before election he withdrew, preferring to give his entire attention to the promotion of the O. S., a large property, which he controls and manages. A more extended mention of this property will be found elsewhere in this volume.

Stephen E. Barron was born in Hinesburgh, Vermont, on October 2, 1850, the son of Peter and Pauline (Bissonette) Barron. The mother died when this son was about six years of age, later he went to New York city, where he worked his way through some of the good educational institutions of that place. After this he was associated with James Fisk as a salesman, and did well. Then he attended the medical department of the Pennsylvania University, and took his diploma as a Doctor of Medicine and has practiced in several states. But Mr. Barron was more enthused over mining and at once began to study the science carefully. Not content with that, he at once placed himself so that he could be associated with the industry practically. He delved in this line in Nova Scotia, and in 1869, went to Australia. After extended research there, he returned to the United States and has been in all the western states and territories and Alaska and Mexico, following mining in every department. There is not a mine of great note in the world that Mr. Barron has not either studied in person on the ground or from extended reports of them. He has personally visited all in the

United States and many in other countries. He has made a deep study of geology, mineralogy, metallurgy, and the science of mining in all its departments. He is familiar with the manner of development of properties, as well as with the management of a mine, and has thoroughly familiarized himself with all that a man should know in mining. At the present Mr. Barron is studying as heretofore in all lines, and is doubtless one of the best posted men in mining in the United States. He has a fine reputation as an expert, and is known as well as a man of stanch integritv and reliability.

In 1896, Mr. Barron came to the Okanogan country and at once became interested in the mammoth lead now owned by the O. S. Mining Company. He traced the lead, found its dimensions, prospected the same thoroughly and then interested capital in it. To show the reality of the man and his faith in the Q. S., while in the east, Mr. Barron insured his life in one of the large companies in favor of men who advanced the mone)' for the development of the Q. S. in case of his death or failure to make the property a great mine. That is will soon be a great shipper is evidenced when we note that the lead extends for about seven thousand feet. and is from one hundred to three hundred feet wide. Between one and two thousand feet of developed work has been done, and every foot of progress shows a better property. J\Iachinery has been installed and the property is one of the great ones of the county. It is located midway between Conconully and Loomis. Mr. Barron makes his home nearbv, where he

Mr. Barron is justly ranked with the leading mining promoters of the state and his work shows for itself the amount accomplished, while Okanogan county is to l)e congratulated that she has secured as a resident this wide awake mining expert.

JOHN RAGEN resides six miles south of Kipling, where he follows general farming and raising stock. He has a good estate, and is possessed of considerable property. One of the characteristics that impresses one who knows Mr. Ragen, is that of energy and adaptibility, which combine in a happy degree to form the western character so well known as the "rustler." He was born in Kane county, Illinois, on January 6, 1868, the son of Michael Ragen, a native of New York, wdio married Miss Catherine Hopkins, a native of Castle Bar, Ireland. She came to the United States when young and taught school and did bookkeeping work until marriage. She died in 1875. The father started without means in his younger days and l>egan raising stock in Kane county, near Chicago, continuing the same wnth good success for thirty years. He died on January 2, 1900, in his sixty-eighth year. He possessed considerable property in Chicago and lost heavily at the time of the big fire. He had been one of the earliest pioneers in Kane county and brought the first horse team there. Our subject was one of four children born to this worthy pioneer couple, the other three being Mrs. Anna M. Maurer, Thomas, deceased. Michael W., deceased; the former in 1874 and the latter at Walla Walla, January 2, 1897. The early life of Mr. Ragen was spent in Kane county gaining an education and assisting his father on the stock farm. In the spring of 1887, he went to Salt Lake where he worked in the mines for a time then came on to Portland. He speculated in real estate there for some time and made plenty of money. Later we see him in Olympia and after that he opened ticket brokerage offices in Spokane and along the line of the Great Northern to Seattle. After a successful time at this he went to North Yakima, and there did well, buying and selling state and school warrants. Next we find him in the ticket brokerae-e business on the O. R. & N. and in

1899, he went to the Coeur d'Alene country and did mining. In December, 1901, Mr. Ragen came to Okanogan county and located his present place and since that time has given his attention to raising stock and to general farming. He now owns the old family home of his parents in Kane county, Illinois.

On May 28, 1900, Mr. Ragen married Miss May, daughter of Peter and Margaret (Tardiff) Deschamp, and a native of Portage. Wisconsin. Mrs. Ragen's parents were natives of Canada and are now dwelling in Lewiston, Idaho. They are the parents of five children, named as follows : William, Mrs. Ragen, Charles E., Mrs. Elizabeth Pixley, Emeda. Mrs. Ragen was liberally educated, and then located a hamestead near Nezperce, Idaho, upon which she later proved up. She was also saleslady at Nezperce and at North Yakima, Washington.

JOSEPH SKEFFINGTON, who resides about one mile south from Molson, combines the life of the miner and farmer, as so many are doing in this favored region. Abundance of fertile land, with excellent mineral deposits adjoining, make it a Utopia for mineral work by the ordinary man. He has traveled much to different parts of the world but is now content to remain beneath the stars and stripes, enjoying the wholesome pleasures of civilization.

Joseph Skefifington was born in Ontario, Canada, on October 16, 1855, the son of Michael and Mary (Brinnan) Skeffington, natives of Ireland. They were the parents of sixteen children, eleven boys and five girls, our subject being the tenth of the family. They removed to Bureau county, Illinois, in 1871, and four years later went to the Black Hills, South Dakota, in wagons. The next year they returned to Nebraska and Iowa, and later our subject came to Bear Gulch, Montana. He mined there till the spring of 1881, then went to Drummond and engaged in business. In the spring of 1883, he went to Portland and took ship for Juneau, Alaska. Landing after a good journey, he prospected from there to Wrangle, and then returned to Puget Sound. In the spring of 1884, we find Mr. Skeffington on Canyon creek in Couer d'Alene country, where he located the Union mining claim, which he later sold to Finch & Campbell. He re- mained there until 1892, then went to the Slocan region, and in 1895, hearing of a rich strike at Coolgardie, Austraha, he went thither. The trip was dangerous and extremely hard. For one hundred and fifty miles, he traveled over the burning sand afoot, carrying provisions and buying and carrying w-ater. When he arrived at the gold fields the people were dying, and found that the natives lived on ants, lizards and snakes, and as these did not suit his appetite, he came back to good old America. He was in the Shasta region, then on the Salmon in Idaho, later at Slocan, and in 1898 came to Toroda creek and did mining. On the day the reservation was opened, October 10, 1900, Mr. Skeflington located his present place, and since then has devoted himself to general mining and the improvement of his farm. He has a good house, barn, young orchard, fencing, granary, and so forth. Mr. Skeffington has a group of good claims adjoining the Dreyfus, which show excellent values in gold. Fraternally he is associated with the miners Union and is a man of broad experience and good address.

EDWIN P. ROUNDS resides about three miles west of Molson, on Tamarack slope. He is an enterprising man who settled here on October 10, 1900, at the time the reservation opened. He has remained here since and has given himself to the good labor of improving his farm and is one of the substantial men of the community. His place is well supplied with water, fences, good outbuildings, and an eightroom residence. In addition to this Mr. Rounds owns a good residence in Meyers Falls, Washington, and some other property.

Edwin P. Rounds was born in Monona county, Iowa, on October 3, 1868, the son of Jacob H. and Phoebe (Quigley) Rounds. The father was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, in 1823. Our subject's paternal grandfather owned a vessel which was lost at sea, with the entire crew and cargo. The Rounds family in this country is traced back to two brothers, who landed on Plymouth Rock from the Mayflower, in 1620. The mother of our subject was born in Illinois in 1827, and is now making her home with him. To this worthy couple, nine children have been born, seven of whom are living, as follows, Dennis, Andrew J.,

Jacob H., John, Mrs. Charity Hutchinson, Mrs. Catherine Dunham, and Edwin P., our subject. The family moved to Osburn county, Kansas, in 1870, then to Sherman county, Nebraska, in 1878, and in 1886, they came to the Colville valley, where the father took a homestead near Meyers Falls. On July 26, 1892, Mr. Rounds married Miss Elizabeth J., daughter of Thomas and Mary (Morris) Weed, natives of New York. She was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, and came with her parents to the Colville valley in 1888. Her father was a harness maker and farmer, and is now living on the homestead near Meyers Falls, which he took when he came here, being a well-to-da citizen.

of the poor health of his wife, and also his father, our subject and his wife together with his parents made an extended tour of the southwestern part of the United States, and Old Mexico, by wagon, visiting the most noted places in this section of the country, and continuing on the road for several years. The wife was greatly improved in health but the father died at Adam, California, and was buried there by the Masons. Then they turned homeward, arriving in Meyers Falls in 1897. As stated above, in 1900, Mr. Rounds took his present place, and has since been known as one of the progressive and good substantial citizens of Okanogan county. Mr. and Mrs. Rounds have adopted one child, Ethel.

FRANK A. BLOCK is one of the men who have taken hold with their hands to make the reservation country, which they opened in the fall of 1900, to blossom as the rose, and become one of the most fruitful sections of Washington. His labors in this line have met with good success, and his farm place, which lies three miles southwest from Molson, shows evidence of thrift, industry, and prosperity.

F"rank A. Block was born in Defiance county, Ohio, on Augnist 27, 1864, the son of George H. and Mary (Forest) Block, natives also of the Buckeye state. The father served three months in the Civil War, being then discharged on account of disability, which resulted in his death in 1868. The mother's father, Jonathan Forest, was a brother of General Nathan B. Forest. Onr subject was one of three children, himself the oldest; William B., an electrician in Spokane; Georgiana, wife of Charles F. Speith, who owns the farm adjoining our subject's.

Frank A. was educated in the public schools, after which he commenced working in a store, and followed this occupation until 1890, when he came west to Nebraska. On November 28, 1889, he married Miss Edith, daughter of David and Louisa (Person) Thompson, natives of Ohio. Mrs. Block was born in Paulding county, Ohio, on February 6, 1867. Her father was born in Cincinnati, and died August 10, 1893. The mother had previously died in 1877. To this worthy couple, eight children have been bom, Mrs. Anna Hanenkratt, Stephen S., Ezra R., Ella, Mrs. Block, Charles S., Amos and Clarence.

In February, 1890, Mr. Block and his wife came to Stratton, Nebraska, and there farmed until 1894. In that year they traveled by wagon to Alberta, Canada, and after one year returned, locating at Phillipsburg, Montana. Later they went to Idaho, and then to Oregon, and finally returned to Montana. It was in the spring of 1900, that Mr. Block came to Republic, and in the fall of that year, he located his present place. The farm is a good one, all fenced, and about one half in cultivation. He has a house, barn, young orchard, and plenty of water, and also owns some stock. Mr. and Mrs. Block have three children, Forest H., born April 12, 1891 ; Floyd, born July 13, 1892; Gladis E., born April 2, 1901.

HARRY VAN BRUNT, who resides at Wauconda postoffice in Okanogan county, is one of the thrifty and well-to-do young men of the county. He is certainly making a very commendable showing, in that he commenced four years ago with practically no property, and now has a good holding, being one of tlie leading stock men of his vicinity.

Harry Van Brunt was born on November 28, 1868, in Jasper county, Illinois, the son of John and Nancy G. ( Britton ) Van Brunt, natives of Indiana. He grew up in Illinois, and in April, 1880, started across the plains in wagons, with his parents. They made their way direct to Spokane county, and the father settled near Cheney, being one of the pioneers there. The mother died in the spring of 1883, ^^^^ her husband is still living on the old homestead. At the age of sixteen, our subject began the conflict of life for himself, making his initial entry in riding after stock in the Palouse and Big Bend countries. Later, he came to Okanogan county and was teamster at the Indian school. On October 16, 1895, ^^^- ^ '*" Brunt married Miss Annie Ingrim, who was born at Fort Colville, in 1877. In June, 1896, Mr. Van Brunt made settlement on his present place, which consists of two hundred and forty acres of first class land. He has a fine timothy meadow, and the estate is well improved with house, barn, outbuildings, and fences, and has plenty of good water. Mr. Van Brunt started with a very few head of cattle that he was enabled to pick up, and now has a large band of stock, being one of the heaviest stockholders in this part of the country. To Mr. and Mrs. Van Brunt, three children ha\-e been born, Ralph E., Grace M. and Henry R.

JOHN Y. PHILLIPS is to be classed as one of the earliest pioneers in this northwest country and a record of his travels and experiences during those days would make a very interesting volume. It is with pleasure, therefore, that we mention the salient points of the same.

John Y. Phillips was born in Boone count)', Missouri, on May 30, 1839, the son of John Y. and Margaret (Ward) Phillips, both of whom died in 1847. Our subject's uncle, Hiram Phillips, was the judge of Boone county and was appointed guardian of the orphans and estate of the elder Phillips, deceased. In 1853, John Y. came with his brother, Newton, who had previously been to California, across the plains with a band of cattle to California. They were ten months en route. Newton Phillips is now a wealthy land owner of Fresno. California. In 1855, our subject returned to Missouri, and four years later crossed the plains with about five hundred head of stock cattle. It was in 1862, that he came to Florence and mined there and in adjacent camps. Afterward, he passed through the Lolo trail to East Ban- nock, then was at Alder Gulch, where he did placer mining. In 1886, he went to Portland, Oregon, and was one of forty-fi\-e men who chartered the steamer Growler and went to Sitka, Alaska. They met with indifferent success, as regards mining, and the next trip the steamer was lost with all on board. We next see him in Seattle, whence he went to Montana; then he came to the Similkameen ri\'er, just above Oroville, in 1868, where he did placer mining, clearing about twenty-five dollars per day. The next summer, he was with William Hall at the mouth of the Pend d'Oreille. Mr. Hall afterwards discovered the famous Hall mines in British Columbia. In 1871, Mr. Phillips went to the Priest river mines, in British Columbia, then settled on a ranch in Mason valley and took up stock raising. In 1885, he moved his property to Toat's coulee creek, near ]\Ir. Thorp's ranch, where he owns a ranch. During the winter of 1889-90 he lost one hundred and forty-three head of cattle, and the next spring he came to his present place, three miles east of Anglin, being the first settler on Bonaparte creek.

Mr. Phillips married an Indian woman and has two children, Charles, and Martha, wife of J. C. Patterson of this county. Mr. Phillips is a good substantial citizen and has been very successful in handling cattle, having some fine thoroughbreds now.

THOMAS S. ANGLIN is a general merchant on Bonaparte creek, in Okanogan county. He is a genuine pioneer as will be seen by the following. He was born on May 10, 1857, in Douglas county, Oregon, the son of Joshua T. and Elizabeth (Little) Anglin. The father was born in Kentucky, and crossed the plains from Iowa to California with ox teams, in 1849, taking part in the first gold excitement. Later he came on to Douglas county, Oregon, and took up a general merchandise business at Canyonville. He participated in the Rogue River Indian war, and died at Shasta county, California, in 1891. The mother was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and came with her parents in an ox train from Illinois to Utah in 1855. The next year they made their way to Douglas county, Oregon, and she died in Stevens county, Washington, in 1899, aged sixtysix. To this worthy couple, five children were born, as follows: Thomas S., the subject of this article; Mrs. Kate McAlpin; Elmer E. ; Mrs. Susan Pierce; and Charles A. Thomas S. was but two years old when the family moved to Salem, Oregon, and in 1868, they moved to Amity. Later he traveled with them to Colusa county, California, whence in 1871 they went to Shasta county. He was well educated in the schools in the various places where they had lived, and in 1880, came to Whitman county, Washington, and there on June 26, 18S1, he married Miss Olive Richardson, who was born in Linn county, Oregon, on July 17, i860. Her father, Andrew J. Richardson, was born in Indiana, and married Alary J. Gallaher. He crossed the plains in 1850, and settled in Linn county, Oregon, on a donation claim. His death occurred in Athena, in that state, in 1880. The mother crossed the plains in 1844 with her parents, and died in Whitman county, Washington, in 1897^ in her sixty-third year. To them the following children were born, Frank A.. [Mrs. Ella Gay, Morgan A., William C, Ruth Rooks, Mrs. Amy C. Daniels, deceased: George H., i\Irs. Elva V. Daniels, and Mary E., deceased.

Soon after his marriage, Mr. Anglin took a homestead near Colton in Whitman county, and gave his attention to farming until 1892, when he moved into Colton and took up the butcher business. Six years later he came to

I eral merchandise store at Kettle Falls, which he still owns. In September, 1902, he came to their present home place, and located forty acres of land. He immediately erected a store building and a residence, and put in a very large stock of goods, perhaps the largest in the reser\-ation portion of Okanogan county. It is complete and well selected for the needs of this section, ai:d he has gained a fine patronage.

On October 29, 1902, he succeeded in getting a post office established at his place. To Mr. and Mrs. Anglin, five children have been born, named as follows: Walter E., in Port Ludlow, Washington; Ethel C, wife of John Buckland, near x\nglin: Grace I., attending the high school at Walla Walla : Thomas S. : and Raymond, deceased. To Mr. and ?ilrs. Buckland, one child. Garnet Irene, has been born, it being the first grandchild oi our subject. Mr.

Anglin is a member of the Presbyterian church, and a Democrat. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., having filled all the chairs, and of the W. W.

CHARLES S. McFARLAXE gives his attention largely to farming and stock raising. He is established about one half mile west from Anglin post office in the valley of Bonaparte, being also a skillful blacksmith. He has erected a shop and does work in that line for the accommodation of the surrounding country. His place is one of the finest in the valley and was located on October lo. 1900. He took up the third water right on the creek and has a valuable estate. He has already dug various ditches, fenced the land, put a large portion under cultivation, erected a fine, commodious residence, put about three acres in orchard besides various other improvements, all of which indicate the industry and energy of Mr. Mc- Farlane.

Charles S. McFarlane was born on December 7, 1862, in Detroit, Michigan, the son of John W. and Lucinda (Godfrey) McFarlane. The father was born in Alaine and during the last thirty years of his life, followed blacksmithing. His wife was born in a log house in Bachelor's Grove where Chicago is now situated. It was afterwards used for a school house and later was torn down and the_ wood made into canes as relics of the first house in Chicago. ]\Ir. Solomon Godfrey, the father of Mr. ]\IcFarlane's mother was one of the very first settlers in that vicinity. In 1849, he went to California. His wife, the mother of Mrs. McFarlane, died in Spokane in 1900, aged seventy-four. To Mr. and Mrs. McFarlane six children were born : Charles S., the subject of this article; Frank, ISIrs. Mary Pixlee, George, Harry and Airs. Nellie Waterhouse.

Charles S. went with his parents to Sioux City, Iowa, in early days and. in 1874, went to Pueblo, and then to Del Monte, California. There his father was master mechanic in Senator Bowen's large stamp mills. In April, 1885, the family landed in Spokane as the final incident of an overland trip from Colorado. Our subject then entered partnership with his father, in farming and stock raising and soon came to Brewster with a band of cattle. He was the first postmaster at Olema, having come there in the spring of 1891. In 1898, he came to the vicinity of Wauconda post office and located a mining claim, where he erected a road house and also cut bunch grass for hay, which found a ready sale in Republic at forty dollars per ton. Then as stated above, he located his present ranch, where he has lived since.

In April, 1893, -^^r. McFarlane married Miss Louise Frees, a native of Denmark, where her mother is still living. The father was a minister of the gospel and died there sometime since. Mrs. McFarlane came with her brother to the United States in 1890 and settled in Okanogan county. To this marriage, four children have been born, Frank W., Frederick M., Toroda, and Edgar A. Toroda was born at Toroda, and the miners being very anxious that she should receive the name of the camp, bought her a verj' fine watch with that name engraved upon it and she is now known as Toroda. Mrs. McFarlane's mother is now living at Spokane, aged sixty-four.

HIRAM A. HUNTLEY is one of the brave men who hazarded their lives to save the Union. His war record is one in which he may take pardonable pride and will be mentioned later in this article. At the present time he has a good standing among the prosperous farmers and stock raisers of Okanogan county and resides five miles southwest of Anglin post office in what is now known as Chewelah valley.

Hiram A. Huntley was born in Machias, Maine, on August 5, 1848, the son of John and Ellen (Robinson) Huntley. The father was a native of Halifax and came to Maine when a young man. He soon went to sea, later became captain and followed that life until his death, in 1872. The mother was born in Maine and her ancestors were all seafaring people. Eight children were born to this union, two of whom, our subject and Fanny M., a milliner in Boston, are the only ones now living.

Hiram A. grew to manhood in Maine and there received his education. In the fall of 1863, being then a mere lad, he enlisted in Company C, Thirty-first Maine Infantry and was soon plunged in the terrors of battle. He participated! in the struggles at Petersburg, Cold Harbor, Shenandoah, Richmond, and others. He was under General Hancock and although he was in the most severe fights of the war, he was never wounded. He was mus- tered out at Portland, Maine, at the end of the struggle and is now a member of the G. A. R., Sedgwick Post, No. 8, of Spokane. Following his martial life, Mr. Huntley took up the livery business in his native place.

On April 19, 1869, he married Miss Laura, daughter of Christopher and Clarissa (Hadley) Cole, and a native of Maine. Mr. Cole was born in the city of Halifax, and followed lumbering all his life, until he retired from business. He was a very prominent man in the state and is now living on the old homestead in Hadley. His wife was born in Maine, and died in 1865. Our subject came to California in 1875, and engaged in the hotel business in San Francisco. Later he took up sawmilling in Humboldt county, and in 1881 came to Walla Walla. He went thence to the Wood river mines and in 1884, landed in Spokane. Two years later he went to British Columbia and assisted in the discovery of the mines at camp McKinley. After this, he located at Ruby and did mining and also operated a hotel there. Next, we see him at Grand Forks, British Columbia, in the general merchandise business. Four years later, on October 10, 1900, he located his present place, which is a good estate. It is about half in cultivation and is supplied with residence, large barn, plenty of water and a good orchard. To Mr. and Mrs. Huntley, one child, Leone C, was born. March 28, 1884.

fertile and supplied with natural advantages, such as timber, water and so forth, while Mr. Stofferan has already made a good many improvements. He does general farming and stock raising.

Mr. Stofferan has traveled a great deal in his day, has been in twenty-two states of the Union and has followed his trade in nineteen of them. He is a skilled carpenter and does carpenter work in addition to his other occupations.

Mr. Stofferan helped to organize the Columbian Knights and is a member of that order. He also belongs to the I. O. O. F.. having passed the degrees of that order. On January 26, 1897, to Mr. and Mrs. Stofferan, one child was born, Mary. They are good people and have manifested a commendable industry in their efforts to develop this western country.

LOUIS STOFFERAN resides about five miles southwest of Anglin post office. He was born on February 6. 1863, in Chicago, Illinois. His father, Paul S., was a native of Germany and came to the Laiited States in

1852, locating in Chicago the next year, where he is now living a retired life, aged seventytwo. He married Miss ]\Iary Fleece, also a native of Germany, who came to Chicago in

1853, and died in 1897. Our subject received a good common-school education. In 1894 he married Miss Heelen Stedman. Her parents, Nelson and Harrietta (Reed) Stedman, were natives of New York, and early pioneers to Ford county, Illinois, where they both died. In 1896 our subject came west with his wife and located in Northwest Territory, Canada. They traveled to various places in British Columbia, and finally on January 7, 1902, located their present estate. The land is all under fence, is

GEORGE COOPER is owner and operator of the Hotel Cooper at Riverside, Washington. The house is a two story structure with twelve sleeping apartments besides other rooms and is furnished and handled in a very tasty and pleasant manner. Mr. Cooper enjoys the patronage of the traveling public and is esteemed a genial and affable host.

George Cooper was born on December 3, 1852, in Staffordshire, England, the son of Job and Harriet (Deacon) Cooper, natives of the same place. The father was a coal miner and came to the United States in i860, and enlisted in the Civil war. He fought in a Penn-- sylvania regiment all through the war and wasin many hard battles. After the war he did coal mining until 1880, the time of his death.- Our subject was educated in his native land and began working in the coal mines, which occupation he followed until 1870, when he came with his mother and three brothers to the United States and joined the father in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania. He did mining there until 1879, when he came to Leadville, Colorado. He returned to Pennsylvania and in 1886 came to Tacoma, Washington. The next spring we find him at Salmon City, now ConconuUy, where he did prospecting and mining. He resided in the old town of Ruby and later engaged in raising stock on Scotch creek, where he took a homestead, which is a valualjle piece of land to-day. The place is well improved and produces an abundance of hay and so forth. Later Mr. Cooper sold his stock and in April, 1903. bought the Riverside Hotel, which he is operating as stated above. In 1875 he took a trip to England and there on October 25. the same year, married IVliss Sarah Hallam.a native of Staffordshire. Her parents are deceased. Mr. Cooper's mother is living with her son, John Cooper, at Morriston, Ohio, being in her eightieth year, strong and active.

WALTER BOWN resides about one mile southeast of ConconuUy, where he devotes himself to farming and stock raising. He was born in Sherbrooke, Canada, June 20, 1832, being the son of Henry and Jennette (Wilcox) Bown, natives of England and New York, respectively. When two years of age, our subject came to Columbus, Ohio, with his parents and when he was sixteen, the family moved to Peoria, Illinois. In 1857 he went to Johnson county, Kansas, and located a preemption on an Indian reservation. In the spring of i860 he went to Pike's Peak and followed mining and freighting until the fall of 1863, when he enlisted in Company B, Third Colorado Infantry, which, one year later, was attached to the Second Colorado Cavalry. They were sent to Missouri and participated in the terrible battles against Price, and there our subject received a wound, the bullet entering his face and coming out at his neck, which though very serious kept him in the hospital only twenty days. He participated in a great many battles and skirmishes, the terrible fights with the bushwhackers, being the most dangerous of the war. In December, 1864, 'lis regiment was returned to Leavenworth and then ordered to escort the United States mail from Earned, Kansas, to Fort Lyons, Colorado, a distance of two hundred and fifty miles. They did considerable fighting with the Indians but carried the enterprise through successfuly and remained on duty until 1865. Then he was ordered to Fort Leavenworth, where he was honorably discharged, being first sergeant. Mr, Bown experienced much of the hardship of a soldier's life, it being especially rigorous on account of his being on the border and in constant service. On the day following his discharge he reutrned to Peoria county, Illinois, and at Lancaster, in that state, he married Miss Emma Minnick. In 1869 they moved to Barton county, Missouri. Four children have been born to them, Kate S., wife of Charles A. Philhour, a passenger engineer on the Santa Fe railroad living in Lajunta. Colorado; William W., a machinist operating an engine at the Stem Winder mill at Fairview, British Columbia; Frances Maud, a school teacher, living at home ; Edward J., at home, now handling the mail from ConconuUy to Loomis.

Mrs. Bown died on November 9, 1880, in Barton county, Missouri. In 1889 Air. Bown came with his people to Sprague, Washington, and engaged in farming and stock raising. In 1890, he brought some cows to ConconuUy and operated a dairy there for two years. He located his present place when he first came here, which is a good piece of land and well improved. Mr. Bown is a member of the G. A. R., also the A. F. & A. M. He took a trip to Illinois in 1898 and visited his home lodge from which he had been absent for thirty years and found many of the old associates still in harness.

MATTHEW D. GRIFFIN, who resides three miles south of Tonasket, on the Okanogan river, is one of the heavy property owners and large stock men of the county. He is a man of knowledge and good executive ability, as will be noticed by the following:

Matthew D. Griffin w^as born in Athens county, Ohio, on March 21, 1851, the son of Daniel and Rhoda (Fleak) Griffin, both natives of Ohio. The father's father fought in the war of 181 2. The parents are now both deceased. The mother passed away in 1902, aged eighty-seven. Our subject was favored with a good common-school and academic education, completing the same in Tupper Plains Academy in Meigs county, Ohio. Following this he taught school in West Virginia for two terms, then studied medicine for two years but never practiced. Returning to Ohio, he was married in 1874, in Athens county. Miss Mary J., daughter of Joshua and Louisa (Hannis) Burdette, becoming the bride at that time. She was a native of Belmont county as were also her parents. Her father died in 1901, aged ninety-eight and her mother in the spring of 1903. During the centennial year Mr. Griffin went to West Virginia and in 1883, came west on the Canadian Pacific railroad in the Northwest Territory, where he did construction work. He also had large contracts later, on the Northwestern and Milwaukee & St. Paul roads. In addition, he was a railroad contractor on dififerent lines through Nebraska, Texas, Kansas and so forth, also on the Bear river canal in Utah and the New York canal at Boise, Idaho. It was largely an irrigation enterprise. During the construction of the Great Northern, he did the construction for the shops at Hillyard and other heavy work along the line.

The fall of 1892, Mr. Griffin settled on the homestead ten miles below Oroville, where he immediately went into general farming and stock raising. In 1896 he was elected county commissioner on the Democratiq ticket and gave good service for two years. He sold the ranch, then bought his present place, which is an estate of three hundred and twenty acres, valuable for general farming and hay raising. He has a fine eleven-room residence, large barn and other buildings, with plenty of water to irrigate the entire estate. His stock consists of cattle and horses, mostly, although he raises some hogs. To Mr. and Mrs. Griffin, have been born the following children : Frank, married to Maude Dougherty, now living at Pentickton, British Columbia: Nerea B., deceased; Edward R., married to Deborah Symons, who is now residing with our subject, her husband having died; Arthur J., at home, and Roscoe C, at home.

Mr. Griflin is a man who deserves and receives the respect and esteem of all who know him, being a man of good principles and public spirit.

MATHIAS GARIGEN landed in the old town of Ruby on the 27th day of May. 1886, with a saddle cayuse and a month's supply of provisions as his total capital. Now he owns three hundred and twenty acres of land six miles southeast from Conconully and a large band of cattle, which make him one of the prosperous and well-to-do men of Okanogan county. His place is cultivated in good shape, has a beautiful six-room residence, plenty of barns and outbuildings and two windmills and pumps, besides various other improvements

Mathias Garigan was born in Darien, Genesee county. New York, on April 30, 1861, the son of Nicholas and Agnes (Gager) Garig<;n, both natives of Germany and now residing on the old homestead in New York, wealthy and retired. The father is seventy-three years of age and the mother sixty-four. Our subject grew to manhood with his parents and received a common-school education and also learned the carriage-making and blacksmith trades. He followed his trades in various places in New York until 1894, when he came to the end of the Canadian Pacific track then walked a distance of two hundred and twenty miles to the Columbia river, where he built a raft and made his way down that stream to where Revelstoke now is. There were no settlers along the route and he had a very rough and hard trip. He packed his provisions on his back and had practically no bedding, which lack caused him great hardship and suffering. He came to Spokane in 1885, then went to the Coeur d'Alene mines, after which he returned to Spokane, then went to Colville, and later to Granite creek mines in British Columbia. In the fall of 1886 he cut wood in the Cascades for the Northern Pacific, then worked in a sawmill. May 27, 1887, markes his arrival at Ruby and in 1888, he took his present place as a homestead. He went east on a visit to his parents in 1892, and came back the following spring. On January 9, 1894, Mr. Garigen married Mrs. Mary E. Webb, whose maiden name was Swisher. She has one daughter, Theresa Webb, by her former marriage. Mr. Garigen is a charter member of the W. O. W., and was the first council commander and fills that position at this time. Mr. Garigen is the second of a family of twelve children, nine of whom are living. In August, 1901, he went east to visit his parents and also was at the Pan American Exposition. He saw the lamented President ^McKinley and also witnessed his remains after death. In 1902 Mrs. Garigen and her daughter went east to visit her relatives and friends in Wisconsin and Pennsylvania. She also used the occasion to visit Mr. Garigen's people in New York. Mr. Garigen's place is one of the most beautiful estates in the county and shows real thrift and industrv in the owner.

BILL JOYCE is one of those sturdy characters whose exploits and explorations are not confined to any one state and \\'ho have covered the entire western portion of the United States and Canada as well as Alaska. He has shown himself a real leader of pioneers, and a man of the front ranks of frontiersmen and it is with pleasure that we ha\e granted him space in the history of Okanogan county.

Bill Joyce was born in Johnson county, Virginia, on January ii, 1837, the son of William and Mary (Callin) Joyce, both natives of Johnson county, Virginia. The father was a well educated man and followed teaching during his Hfe. He died in Young county, Texas, in 1879. His ancestors were from Scotland while the mother's people came from England. When our subject was eleven years of age, he went with the balance of the family to Illinois, and when seventeen he joined the Texas Rangers, under Captain McAdams. In this capacity he did much fighting with the Indians and had many close calls. On one occasion he took a belt from an Indian supposed to be the son of Chief Lone Wolf, which has attached to it seven white scalps. He was offered fifteen hundred dollars for the belt, but refused it. Afterwards it was stolen. After four years with the rangers, Mr. Joyce went to trapping wolf and bear in various places through Texas and in this pursuit he had some of the most thrilling adventures which it is the lot of one man to experience, both with savage beasts and Indians. He followed hunting and scouting until 1 87 1, then went through Mexico and Arizona to Bradshaw City, where he prospected. Twice he was wounded by the Indians and many times he was ambushed, making his escape only by hard running. During these times he saw the first Colt's revolver that was made. After many experiences in Arizona, he came to Salt Lake. On the plains east from there and in Wyoming;, Kansas, Colorado, and in Montana he did trapping and hunted buffalo. He was also in Idaho. In 1881 he went to San Francisco and took the steamer Idaho to Juneau, Alaska, after which he went to Sitka, then over the range to the head waters of the Yukon, where he did trapping, prospecting, and mining. It is impossible for us to tell in detail the arduous labors, many narrow escapes from death in storm and by other casualties that Mr. Joyce experienced in this northwest countrv. He made several fortunes in these found his way into the Okanogan country and bought his present place, which lies four miles west from Riverside. The estate consists of two hundred and forty acres of land, all fenced and fertile. It is improved by a good residence, large barn, orchard, and so forth.

On March 23, 1900, Mr. Joyce married Miss Julia Nolte, who was born in Salem, Oregon, and reared in Western Washington. Her father, Frederick Nolte, married Miss Julia Schultz, who died on December 13, 1894. He died on March 6, 1893. Both were natives of Germany. Mrs. Joyce has two brothers, George and Charles, both well known on the Sound. At the time of the Klondike excitement, Mrs. Joyce went to Alaska as a nurse and Mr. Joyce met her at Dawson. She spent a year and a half there and was the first white woman to ascend the Stewart river. Mr. and Mrs. Joyce have well earned the quiet retirement and good competence which they enjoy. They are highly respected people and among the substantial citizens of the county.

JOHN D. WILLIAMS was born in Sullivan county, Missouri, on March 15, 1850, the son of David and Mary (Humphreys) Williams, natives of Illinois. The father served in the Mexican war. Seven children were born in the family, Effie, George, David, John D., who is our subject. ]\Iinnie Corbell, Marvin and May. The parents came across the plains to Portland, Oregon, in 1850, and later settled in Douglas county, that state. In i860 they removed to The Dalles, and thence to Lewiston, Idaho. Our subject rode the range, and in 1875 went to the Black Hills, where he packed for General Crooks. The Sioux were hostile then and he experienced much danger in this service. In 1876 he journeyed to western Oregon, then to Asotin county, \\''ashington, and there farmed and raised stock. In 1899 IMr. Williams came to this county and engaged in the stock business and more or less since that time he has given attention to that business. He built the first business house in Riverside and now is operating a retail liquor store there. He carries a choice stock of liquors and tobaccos. In addition to his property mentioned, Mr. Williams has other business property in Riverside and has been prospered in his enterprises. He also has a large interest in the ferry at Riverside.

On March 6, 1883, Mr. Williams married Miss Luvina, daughter of David and Amanda Morrow, early pioneers of Asotin county. The father is deceased, but the mother resides there now. To Mr. and Mrs. Williams eight children ha\-e been born, Vernon, Effie, Clementine. Jennie, Thomas, Roy, Rosa and Marvin.

WILLIAM R. KAHLOW owns a fine estate adjoining the town of Alma, Okanogan county. In addition to general farming and stock raising, he operates a good hotel and feed stable. He is also proprietor of a ferry. He is one of the well known and substantial men of the county and has shown a commendable spirit in his labors for building up the country.

William R. Kahlow was born in Prussia, Germany, on September 27, 1838, the son of Frederick and Mary (Richter) Kahlow, both natives of the same place in the Fatherland. On June 21, 1851, they came to Henderson, Sibley county, Minnesota, being among the earliest settlers there. The father and mother were the same age, were married when about twenty, lived together happily until seventyfive and then died on nearly the same date. Our subject was educated in the public schools where he lived in his youthful days, and as soon as he was able, he began working on the rivers. In 1862, he volunteered to fight the Indians and was in the horrible massacre of 1862, during the battle of Birch Coulee, where eighteen were killed and forty-five wounded out of 150 men, or where twenty-four hundred white people were killed, as history gives it. He received a slight wound. For some time after the slaughter he was busy assisting in burying the dead. In 1868 Mr. Kahlow came to San Francisco, having gone via New York, Graytown, in Nicaragua, and Costa Rico, thence crossing the Andes. Later he was in Portland, then went to Alsea, Benton county, Oregon, where he bought a farm, but which he sold later. He now owns four hundred and eighty acres of valuable land, all under cultivation, near Pasco, in Franklin county, Washington. In addition to farming, he was engaged on the construction of the Oregon and California railway, and later was contracting on the western part of the Northern Pacific, under the superintendence of H. H. McCartney and later H. W. Fairweather. After this he was in Pasco, and in 1890 he came to his present home place, where he bought one hundred and sixty acres located at the mouth of Salmon creek. It was known as Salmon Jim's ranch, the first Indian ranch in the county. He has his place well irrigated and raises alfalfa and other hay, besides handling stock. His farm is well improved and he has a large eleven room residence, which he utilizes for his hotel building.

In October, 1864, Mr. Kahlow married Miss Lois, a daughter of Thomas and Maria (Dickenson) Harvey, now deceased. Mrs. Kahlow was born in St. John, New Brunswick, and four children are the fruit of this marriage : Alma, wife of Captain C. Hanson, of Seattle; William H.; Bert, deceased; lone, wife of Ansel S. Griggs, vice-president of the Columbia & Okanogan Steamboat Company of Wenatchee. Alma was the first postmistress of Okanogan county and from her the town of Alma is named.

JOSEPH I. POGUE, M. D., is one of the pioneers of Okanogan county and has done a lion's share in the development of the county and bringing its resources to the attention of the outside world. He is a physician of ability and handles a good, large practice with great success. In addition to this, the doctor has set in operation and brought to a state of perfection, a fruit and stock ranch. It lies three miles north from Alma, on what is known as Pogue's flat. His estate is large and well laid out and every detail manifests the skill and good taste of the doctor. He owns an interest in the Conconully reservoir and has plenty of water to irrigate his whole farm. He raises all the different \-arieties of fruit indigenous to this latitude, and has a large band of stock, besides doing considerable general farming. He has one field of one hundred acres which produces three crops of alfalfa annually.

The father was born in Stanton, Virginia, and the mother in Ross county, Ohio. The paternal ancestors were residents of this country for over ICG years anil formerly came from Ireland. The father died in 1876, aged 78 years. He had one son who was a captain in the ^^lexican war. Our subject's mother now resides near his place, upon a valuable estate of one quarter section. She is aged ninety-two. Dr. Pogue has one brother, John, living near Alma. At the age of six our subject went with his parents to Oswego, Illinois, and after graduating from the high school, matriculated in the North- M estern University, of Chicago, whence h-; took his degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1877. He commenced practice in Wiota, Cass county, Iowa, and continued there very successfully for ten years. In the fall of 1886, he came to Tacoma, then went to North Yakima, and later in the vear located on his present place in Okanogan county. After discovering the productiveness of the soil and the abundance of water, he determined to make this a permanent abode. Since that time he has given himself steadily to the practice of medicine and also has supervised his farm and other property.

On October 16, 1S79, at Atlantic, Iowa, Dr. Pogue married Marion, daughter of Dr. iNIoses and Elizabeth (Telford) Buckley, both natives of Washington county, New York, and born in in September, 1831, and on April 27, 1834, respectively. Mrs. Pogue was born in the same county on April 5, 1856. Dr. Buckley was a very successful physician until his death in 1872. His widow then went to Los Angeles, California, where she now resides. Her father Mr. Telford, was born, raised and died in Washington county. New York. His demise occurred when he was sixty years of age.

To Dr. and Mrs. Pogue three children have been born : Grace L., attending high school at Santa Ana, California; Ethel, deceased; and Leta, N.

In reference to the doctor's estate, we also wish to mention that he has a large fruit dry house, and elegant residence, plenty of outbuildings and a commodious barn. The home is supplied with telephone connections and the place is one of the most beautiful and valuable estates in the entire Okanogan country. Dr. Pogue is a progressive man and public minded. In 1892 he was elected county commissioner of Okanogan county, his name appearing on the Republican ticket. In 1902 he was elected representative to the state legislature. He has always labored assiduously for the betterment of educational facilities of the county and is also very prominent at the con\'entions, always putting forth the best principles and men. Fraternally, he is affiliated with the W. O. W., while he and his wife are very active in church work.

MICHAEL MALONEY is one of the pioneers of Okanogan county and has shown his skill and wisdom in that while he came here with limited means, he has gained a nice property, both in landed estate and in stock. His farm lies about thirteen miles southeast from Conconully, in Spring canyon, and is a good piece of land. It is improved in good shape and shows that the proprietor is no novice in handling an estate and in raising stock.

Michael Maloney was born in Ontario, Canada, on December 6, 1859, the son of Timothy and Betsey (Wylie) Malone}-, both now deceased. Michael lived on a farm until he was sixteen years old. He then tried his hand at lumbering on the Ottowa river, which occupation he followed four years. He came to Deadwood, South Dakota, in 1879, and there remained for two years mining and prospecting. After that, he went to Miles City, Montana, and then prospected in the Yellowstone valley, worked on the Northern Pacific, later went to the Gallatin river, Montana, then to Anaconda, in that state. It was in 1888 that Mr. Maloney came to Okanogan county. He mined a little during the first two years and he has engaged in prospecting off and on ever since. His brother. Ted, who is mentioned elsewliere in this work, was here for one year previous to the date our subject came. Ted had bought a ranch in Okanogan county previous to Michael's arrival and the brothers owned the place jointly, Michael later buying his brother's interest, and here he has devoted himself to stock raising since. He has the place well improved, but spends most of his time with his brother, since he has not yet left the realms of the jolly bachelor to try the uncertain seas of matrimony. The farm produces an abundance of hay for the stock and is well watered for irrigating purposes. Mr. Maloney's farm is one of the choicest ones of the county and it is handled in a very becoming manner.

In addition to his property mentioned, he also has some very promising mining property which bids fair to soon become one of the valuable shippers of the county.

WILLARD K. MUNSON is one of the younger men of enterprise who have assisted materially to make Okanogan county one of the leading political divisions of the state of Washington. He has labored here with great zeal and wisdom for a decade and a half and is now one of the prominent stock men of the county. The home place is about seven miles north of Malott postotifice, in Spring coulee, and is one of the choicest ranches of the entire county. It is very fine bottom land and has been improved with skill.

Willard K. Munson was born in Inyo county, California, on February 4, 1872. His father, Stephen ]\Iunson, was born in the state of Maine and came around Cape Horn in tiie sixties. He settled first in Sacramento county and there married Miss Ursula Day, also a native of Maine. She had come west by the same route as her husband. Soon after the marriage they removed to Inyo county and in 1884 they came by wagon to Umatilla county, Oregon. Two years later, another move was made to Ellensburg, Washington, and in 1887, they settled on the place where our subject now lives. The father remained there until his death in 1889, being then sixty years of age. The mother died in 1895, ^t the home place, aged fifty. To this worthy couple seven children were born, six of whom were natives of California. The other one was born in Umatilla county, Oregon. They are named as follows : Mrs. Olive Hilton, of Creston, Washington; Mrs. Anna Walters, of Dawson, Alaska; Willard K.. who is the subject of this article; Mrs. Cora Gamble, of Brewster ; Byron and Myron, twins, the former dwelling in Silver, this county, and the latter married to Jessie Carlton and also living in this count*' : Lewis G., living with our subject. Willard K. engaged in the ?iock business soon after coming to this county and when the parents died he proved up on the place for the heirs. He has a large interest in the estate and has a fine band of cattle, besides various other properties. The farm is well fenced, irrigated and improved, having a five room residence, large barn, three acres of orchard, and various other accessories. The land is devoted largely to hay, both alfalfa and timothy. When our subject first came to this country, there were scarcely any residents and they had great difficulty in getting from place to place. Mail had to be transferred from Ellensburg and letters cost ten cents apiece in addition to postage. The country abounded in game and that was a great blessing to pioneers. Our subject states that he has frequently seen droves of deer, often as large as fifty in a band. He had very limited means when locating here but is now a prosperous citizen.

On March 29, 1901, Mr. Munson married Miss Winetta Thodes. They are esteemed and respected people and have manifested progressiveness and uprightness in their walk.

LEONARD C. MALOTT lives at Malott, Washington, and is known as one of the substantial men of Okanogan covmty. He was born in Ontario, Canada, on October 11, 1843, the son of William and Mary Malott. In 1865 our subject removed from his native place to California, and there married Miss Mary Hamilton. Later they went to Nevada, then returned to California. From California they journeyed north and in August, 1886, located on their present place. Mr. Malott brought the first family to this vicinity, the other settlers there then being bachelors. Since those early days Mr. Malott has given his attention to general farming and stock raising and has achieved a good success and has been favored with good prosperity on account of his industry and wisdom in managing the resources of the country.

When he first came here Mr. Malott got his mail from Okanogan City, a small office where Waterville now stands. All supplies were freighted in from Spokane or Spragne and roads were poor and infrequent. But he has steadily labored on and has seen the wilds transformed to fertile farms and the country settled by progressive and industrious people who are making Okanogan one of the leading counties of the great state of Washington.

TED MALONEY has dwelt in Okanogan county since 1897, when he bought a squatter's right to his present place, wiiich is about fourteen miles from Conconully on the Brewster road. He immediately filed a homestead right on the land and went to work to improve it. Since that time he has continued in raising stock and doing general farming constantly. He has a fine farm, all irrigated, and productive land. It is fenced and provided with orchard, house, barn, outbuildings and various other improvements. Mr. :Maloney came here with very limited means and by his industry and wise management of the resources placed in his hands, he has become to be one of the wealthy stockmen of the county. His place bears evidence of thrift and care and his stock is well bred and valuable, while his other property holdings are cared for in the same manner.

Ted Maloney was born in Ontario, Canada, on June 6, 1861, the son of Timothy and Betsey (W'ylie) :\Ialoney. . The children in the family are mentioned as follows. ]\Irs. :Margaret King, Michael, the subject of this article, and Sarah. In 1880 Mr. Maloney came to the United States, locating first in Deadwood, South Dakota, where he did prospecting and mining. Later, he was in Miles City, and then along the line of the Northern Pacific, in the Yellowstone and Gallatin valleys. \Yt next see him in Anaconda, where he was employed in a saw mill, from which place he came to his present location and secured it as stated before. He was the first settler on Salmon creek and has done much to open the country and induce worthv labor in the same line.

On July 4, 1892, Mr. ?kIaloney married Miss Grenva M.. daughter of W'i'lliam and Mar}- McClure. To them have been born two children, Sarah E. and Robert W.

JAMES A. KIPER is a farmer and stock raiser, residing about twelve miles west from \^'auconda postoffice. upon an estate he secured from the government by homestead right, since the reservation opened. He has bent his energies to improve and open up the farm, which is good evidence of his industry and thrift. He has a good residence, barn, outbuildings, fences, cultivated fields and so forth, while also he owns a good band of horses and some cattle.

1870, in Mason county, Missouri, the son of Jesse and Sarah E. (Kiper) Kiper, natives of Kentucky. The father died in 1873. The mother was of the same name but no relation to her husband. After the death of her husband, she married John Swan, and in 1875, accompanied him, taking her eight children across the plains in wagons to Oregon. She is now living in Harpster, Idaho. At the tender age of nine, our subject started in life to make his own way and soon fell in with W. \V. Wilson, with whom he went to Big Hale, Montana. There he was in the employ of Mr. Wilson, who was a large stock man, and for seven years rode the range. After this he came to Oregon, then went to Asotin county, W^ashington, whence he made his way to Camas Prairie, Idaho, and dealt in horses. He shipped three car loads to Idaho, then came back to the Palouse country and was also through the Big Bend. Later, we find him in Northport, mining and prospecting where he had interest in several properties. Next he went to Meyers Falls, whence he went to Republic and when the boom started assisted to erect his first building and also did carpenter work. Following this, on February, 1901, he came to his present place, located and made entry on the land. It is a piece of land well supplied with water and ]Mr. Kiper is fast making it a pleasant and valuable home place. ]\Ir. Kiper has been a real disciple of Nimrod in various sections and many a bear, cougar, elk and so forth fell before his trusty rifle. He has traveled extensively but never has found a place to live in better than Okanogan county. Mr. Kiper can tell some interesting stories about breaking the western cayuse, being himself also an exjiert in that order.

PETER S. SNEVE. The United States is greatly indebted to the efforts of those people who come to her borders from Scandanavia. Not least among this class are those wlio have devoted their energies to tilling the soil. And no class of citizens show more loyalty to the L'nited States and her institutions than these people. Among them it is right that we should mention the subject of this article, who at the present time resides five miles southwest of ]\Iolson, where he has a good farm and devotes himself to raising the fruits of the field and stock.

Peter Sneve was born in Thronhjen, Norway on August 2, 1879, the son of Peter and Rhoda Sneve, natives and prominent and wealthy people of that country, now being in their sixty-fifth and fifty-sixth years respectively. Our subject is one of seven children, named as follows; Steve, of Chicago, Illinois; Peter S., our subject; Ole, living with Peter; Gertie, died in Spokane six years since; Lena, living with the subject of this article; Elizabeth and ]\Iary still in Norway.

Peter Sneve was educated well in his own country and there became successful as a carpenter. In 1899, he and his sister, Lena, determined to try their fortunes in the new world and accordingly shipped for New York. They made their way to Chicago and after some time came to Nelson, British Columbia and later to Greenwood, where he worked at his trade. Mr. Sneve also did mining and when the reservation opened in 1900, he located his present place. He has good land and has improved it in first class shape as his house, barns, orchards, and so forth testify. Being one of the first to locate, he secured a first class ranch. In addition to improving his ranch, Mr. Sneve has devoted considerable time to work at his trade and mining in various localities. He came to this country wth very little means but has secured a goodly holding, while his thrift and industry indicate that he will soon be one of the wealthy men of this section. To his credit it may be said that ]Mr, Sneve has thoroughly mastered English and can speak and write it with ease.

FRANK M. FULTON has for nearly twenty years been a resident of Central Washington. Although he lived in the Methow valley previously he has since secured his present location after an absence of several years. He is a young man of intelligence and uprightness and has manifested himself a good substantial citizen.

Frank M. Fulton was born in Wise county, Texas, on November 17. 1874. the son of Frank F. and Arbella (Clemens) Fulton. The father is deceased and the mother is handling a large stock business in Washington. In 1883 the family came to the vicinity of Ellensburg, where young Frank completed the education that had been begun in the common schools of

Texas. When fourteen he came to the Methow valley with his brother, Lee Fulton, and for four years labored with him in opening up the ranch and raising stock. Then our subject returned to Ellensburg and took up farming. Fortune favored him and he continued there in prosperous labors until the spring of 1903, in managing his mother's estate, when they sold out their entire holdings for ten thousand dollars and at once returned to the Methow valley and located about three miles south from Twisp. Mr. Fulton is expecting to devote his time and capital to the stock business, and, judging the future from the past, we may safely predict for him a very prosperous career.

On January 31, 1900, in Ellensburg, Washington, Mr. Fulton married Miss Myra L. Dodge and one child has been born to them, Frances L. Mr. and Mrs. Fulton are excellent people and the inhabitants of the Methow valley are to be congratulated upon securing them for permanent citizens. Mr. Fulton is a member of the M. W. A.

JOHN C. LAWRENCE. This veteran of many battles in life's path, has so conducted himself that he has won the respect and esteem of all who have known him during the years of his life. He is also a veteran of the Ci\-il War.

John C. Lawrence was born in Fleming county, Kentucky, on October 6, 1820, the son of Isaac and Mary (Collins) Lawrence, also natives of Kentucky. The father fought in the War of 1812 and died in 1850. His father, Isaac Lawrence, the paternal grandfather of our subject, with two brothers, \\'illiam and Benjamin, fought in the War of 181 2. This patriot lived to be one hundred and ten years of age. He was of Scotch ancestry. The mother's father, John Collins, and two of her brothers fought in the' War of 181 2. Her brothers were Captains Elisha and Robert Collins. She lived to be ninety-seven years of age. John Collins went with his parents to North Bend, Ohio, when a child, where his father died, after which he returned to Kentucky with his mother. Then he went to Rush county, Indiana, and there, on August 20, 1846. married Miss Deborah, daughter of James and Deborah Sloan. In 1854 he moved to Monroe county, Iowa. He had volunteered to fight in the ]Mexi- can War, but failed to get to the front on account of the company not being raised. On August lo, 1862, Mr. Lawrence enhsted in Company D, Thirty-Fourth Iowa Infantry, and participated in the battles of Vicksburg, Arkansas Post, besides many others, and numerous skirmishes. On many occasions, bullets passed through his hat and clothes, but he was never wounded, although he saw much blood shed and many comrades were killed on the right hand and on the left. He was later taken sick and after languishing some time in the hospital at Chicago, he was finally discharged, on account of disability. He has received a twelve dollar pension for fifteen years and has been a member of the G. A. R. for a long time. A good portion of Mr. Lawrence's life was spent in Monroe and Montgomery counties. Iowa, while he also lived five years at Parsons, Kansas. His wife died in Montgomery county, Iowa, March 6, 1891, in her sixty-fifth year. She was a member of the ^Missionary Baptist church, as is also our subject. To them were born eight children: William, deceased; Mrs. Mary Deem, of Oklahoma ; James JM., of Parsons, Kansas; Mrs. Elnore Minard, of Cload county, Kansas; John W., of Montgomery county, Iowa; Mrs. Clarissa Hollenbeck, of Oklahoma; and Oscar N., who married Sarah Harbaugh, and has a homestead four miles south of Chesaw; and Frederick L., of Spokane. Oscar X. came to the reservation in March, 1903, and located his present homestead, while our subject came with that young man's wife and children, to the valley later. Mr. Lawrence located a homestead adjoining that of his son, which is mostly good land. It is pleasant to know that Mr. Lawrence is so situated financially that he is enabled to live retired during the remainder of his life. He has twenty-eight grandchildren and tweh'e great grandchildren.

EMIL VENTZKE is one of the pioneer settlers of Okanogan county and has shown a spirit and industry in his lalwrs here for over fifteen years. To such men as he. who came to the wild country and took hold with their hands to open up the ranches and develop the resources of the country, are we indebted for the prosperous and thriving condition of this

Emil Ventzke was born in Germany on February 4, 1867, the son of Theodore and Caroline Ventzke. The former is deceased and the latter is still living. The family made their way from New York to Portage. Wisconsin, and there made permanent settlement. The father worked at his trade, shoemaking, and our subject received his education in Portage, remaining there until 1886. In that year he took a long trip westward and finally located in Crook county, Oregon, where he followed farming and stock raising. Eighteen hundred and eighty-eight was the year when Mr. \'entzke came to Okanogan county and took up land where he now resides, six miles north of Winthrop, by squatter's right. He has since secured title by homestead to his valuable farm. It is well fenced and improved and produces abundant crops annually. Mr. Ventzke devotes himself to handling cattle and is now interested in several promising mining properties.

GEORGE E. NICKELL resides about three miles southeast from the town of Twisp and owns a good estate, one hundred and sixty acres of which are first-class alfalfa land. His place is well improved with buildings, fences, ditches, and so forth, while an orchard of two hundred well selected and choice trees adds both beauty and value to the farm. Mr. Nickell devotes himself to general farming and raising stock and has been well prospered in his. efforts.

George E. Nickell was born in Cass county, Missouri, on October 21, 1867, the son of Isaac and Isabella (Humphreys) Nickell, natives of \^irginia, now deceased. When our subject was five years old the family removed to Wise county. Texas, where he remained until 1888, receiving in the meantime a good education from the public schools. In the year last mentioned Mr. Nickell took a long journey from Texas to Washington and his selection in this state was his present place in the Methow valley. Since that time he has been one of the steady and sucesssful laborers in building up the country and making his farm one of the choice ones of the valley. In political matters and local affairs he has always manifested a keen interest and is placed with the progressive and bright minded.

The marriage of Mr. Nickell and Miss Sally Barnett was celebrated in Wise county in 1887. Her parents, Wilson and Plythe (Crisp) Barnett, are prosperous stock raisers in Texas at the present time. To our subject and his estimable wife have been born six children named as follows: Newton, Benjamin H., Walter, Carl, Kate and Mable. Mr. Nickell stands well in the community and is a man of reliability and integrity.

JOSEPH HALL is a venerable and highly esteemed citizen of Okanogan county. He resides three miles south from Loomis where he has a fine estate, all under irrigation and ditching and well improved with fences, residence, barns, orchards and so forth. He settled here in very early day and has labored assiduously since in the work of opening the country.

Joseph Hall was born in February 1 1, 1837, in Slate county, Kentucky, the son of ^Villiam and Anna (Welch) Hall, natives of Tennessee. The father died in Edgar county, Illinois, in 1844, and the mother had passed away the year previous. Our subject had gone to Illinois with his parents when young and after their death, resided with an older brother. He had four brothers and two sisters. In 1857, they went to Missouri by wagon settling near Kansas City. When the war broke out some of Mr. Hall's brothers enlisted to fight for the L'nion and some supported the Confederate cause and joined their ranks. Owing to this serious state of affairs, Mr. Hall determined to join neither side and so bought a wagon and came west. He was married on July 28, 1859. at Wyandotte, Kansas, to Sarah J. Wilkes, a native of Illinois. Her father, Francis Wilkes, was a native of Kentucky, while her mother. Sarah J. (Stanford) Wilkes was born in Ohio. Mr. Hall was accompanied on his journey to Colorado by his wife and her parent?. They mined in that country until 1865. then joined a large train of about one hundred wagons and came overland to the vicinity of Pendleton, Oregon. The Indians were very hostile and they saw various skirmishes and one battle between them and the soldiers. Mrs. Hall had two brothers where they settled in Oregon and one that was a lieutenant in the Cayuse Indian war. In 1 87 1 Mr. Hall located land near Colfax, Washington, whence also his wife's parents came the following year and made their home with them until their death. The mother died in 1874 and the father in 1878. When the Palouse branch of the Northern Pacific railroad was built, Mr. Hall did ten miles of grading and received the reward of having the best piece (jf grading on the road. In 1886 he had freighted and in 1888 moved his family to his present home. In the winter of 1889 and 1890, Mr. Hall lost most of his cattle on account of the hard winter. He now does general farming and has a nice band of stock. On May 31, 1900, Mrs. Hall was called across the river of death, having been the mother of the children named below. She was a devoted Christian woman and greatly beloved by all who knew her. The children mentioned are named as follows: Mrs. Lenora Fenn, of Seattle; Jenettie, wife of George W. Handlin, of Loomis: Joseph A. and Josephine, twins, the latter being the wife of Sidney Lansing, of Hilgard. Oregon; Ida L., wife of George Bailey, of British Columbia. Mr. Hall is a member of the Presbyterian church, as was his wife, and is a man whom all respect.

LEE IVES. To Mr. Ives belongs the distinction of locating the town site and settling the town of Pateros. It was. in 1886 that he first settled upon the land now occupied by this municipality and the name given by him was Ives. The place began to flourish and continued so to do under that name until four years since, when by common consent it was changed to Pateros. Upon settlement here, Mr. Ives built a hotel and since that time has continued in the operation of the same, with the exception of one year. He now has a fine large structure, well appointed and conducted in a first class manner. He has shown himself to be a good host and a favorite with the traveling public. Industry and dispatch, characterize the place and during the outing season. Mr. Ives is favored with a large trade from tourists, and each year shows the place to be more popular and more largely patronized. In addition to the hotel, he is operating a first class livery and does a good business in this line also. He has the largest and best rigs, good stock and is known as a man of integrity and uprightness.

Lee Ives was born on October 30, 1853, in Marshalltown, Iowa, the son of Allan and Mary (Dieter) Ives, both natives of Ohio. Ten years later he went with his parents to Nebraska and thence to Joel county, Kansas, where he completed his education in the common schools. In 1875, he crossed the plains to Portland and lived in that state for one year. Then he came to Washington and lived in Columbia, later at Klickitat, then in Yakima and in Kittitas counties. Finally he came to the place where he now resides, in 1886. Mr. Ives is a real pioneer and showed a commendable ability and sterling worth in the establishment and erection, afterward, of the to\vn of Ives, which has become the beautiful and thriving little village of Pateros. He has also shown- himself to be a public minded and progressive man and has always labored assiduously for the growth and upbuilding of this country.

On November 19, 1874, in Joel county, Kansas, Mr. Ives married Miss Rene M., daughter of Riley and Caroline (Meyers) Fuller, natives of Michigan. Mr. Ives is a member of the I. O. O. F. He is one of the old pioneers, well known, and is a good, substantial citizen.

FRANCIS M. WRIGHT came to his present place in 1888. His farm lies about one mile west from Twisp and is improved in good shape. He is a man of industry and uprightness and has labored here steadily since settling with display of characteristics that obtain in the stanch American pioneer and citizen.

Francis M. Wright was born in Warren county, Mississippi, twelve miles below Vicksburg, on May 19, 1842, the son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Cunningham) Wright, natives of West Virginia. The father was a blacksmith and pioneer to Mississippi. In 1888 he removed his family to Hannibal, Missouri, and in 1853 made the great journey to the Sacramento valley, in California. Our subject remained there, securing his education from the schools of the vicinity, until 1875. After school days he was engaged in farming until the date mentioned, when he sought the southern part of Nevada and there continued the basic art of farming for five years. After that he came to Kittitas county, Washington, and in that section did farming and stock raising until 1888, the year in which settlement was made on his present place. He secured it through squatter's right and in 1896 filed on the place as a homestead. He has a sixteen acre meadow and four acres in orchard. The balance of the farm is devoted to grazing and general farming.

]\Ir. Wright has his two children with him on the farm, their names being Frank M. and ^Maggie E. Politically he has always been a Republican and among other offices has held that of county commissioner. In this capacity he rendered valuable service and was well pleasing to his constituency.

JOHN H. McDonald, a carpenter and wheelwright, is a much respected citizen of ]\Iolson. He was bom on April 14, 1840. in Nova Scotia, the son of John B. and Barbara (Smith) McDonald. The father, a native of Scotland, was a captain for a great many years. He was a well-educated man, and the last fifteen years of his life were spent as a minister at Jordan Ferry, Nova Scotia, where he died eighteen years since, aged seventy-eight. The mother's ancestors were seafaring people. She is now living in Dorchester, Massachusetts, aged ninety-six. Our subject is the fifth of eleven children, six of whom are still living. When a lad he went from home to South Thomaston, Maine, and at the age of fourteen went to sea. He soon rose from cabin boy to seaman before the mast, then from second to first mate, and finally was captain of his own vessel. He traveled to various parts of the world, and has circumnavigated the globe several times. When the Civil War broke out he enlisted in the United States navy and in this capacity did various services in many parts of the world. After the war he spent sixteen or seventeen years on the sea.

In July, 1868, Mr. ]\IcDonald married Miss Barbara, daughter of George and Flora (Cameron) McKenzie, a native of Nova Scotia. Her father, who was born in Scotland, came to Nova Scotia when a young man and followed farming and fishing, being one of the prominent men of the communitv. He is now deceased, as is also the mother, who was born in Scotland. The grandfathers of our subject and his wife were pensioners of the Forty-Second Highlanders Regiment, commonly known as the "Black Watch.'" Following his marriage, which occurred in Boston, Mr. McDonald worked at his trade until 1892, when he moved to Butte, Montana. Later he traveled to Greenwood, British Columbia, and in the spring of 1898 engaged there in the livery business. Thence he came to Chesaw and took up the feed and livery business, and finally in 1900, he came to Molson, where he has continued in the same line. He is in partnership with his two sons, Daniel and John, the firm being known as J. H. McDonald & Sons. They now own two houses and a fine livery barn in Greenwood and also two houses and a blacksmith shop in Chesaw, and a residence and stables in Molsom. The sons have good homesteads and all their places are well stocked.

Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. McDonald in Boston, Massachusetts, namely, Daniel C, who married Isabella Dunlap and lives near Molson ; Flora B., wife of Charles P. Friend, who is now deceased, leaving her two children, Harold P. and Mercedes, with her parents ; Barbara E., deceased ; Mamie, a graduate of Boston high school ; Arville, a graduate of the Butte high school and now the wife of William Mitchell; Etta B., wife of Samuel Breslaux, and also a graduate of the Butte high school ; George, killed in a warehouse explosion in Butte, and John R., at home.

Mr. McDonald has been a member of the Masonic lodge for thirty-seven years, and is also affiliated with the I. O. O. F. He is a justice of the peace, being the first one elected in this part of the country, and a stanch Republican.

IRA ARBOGAST is one of the young men of industry who have come to make Okanogan county their home, and enjoy the resources of this rich section. He resides three miles south of Kipling, where he has a section of school land and is doing a general farming and stock raising.

Ira Arbogast was born in Linn county, Kansas, on January 6, 1871, the son of Henry H. and Fannie (Fanchild) Arbogast, natives of Illinois, who are now wealthy people, residing near Ritter Springs, Granite county, Oregon. The father enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-Second Illinois Infantry, and participated in the siege of Vicksburg, the battles of Chattanooga and Kenesaw Mountain and many other battles and skirmishes in the Civil War, being under General Logan, and with Sherman in his famous march to the sea. He was severely wounded in the battle of Kenesaw Mountain and languished in the hospital for four months. After serving four years with great credit to himself and good to his country, he received an honorable discharge, after which he returned to Illinois, then came to Kansas, whence in 1888 he came to Umatilla county, Oregon, finally settling in his present home To Mr. Abrogast and his wife were born these children, Mrs. Eva Bincley, Ira, who is our subject, Eva, Asa, Henry, John, Roy and Fannie. Our subject was educated in the public schools where he lived, then came with his parents to the west. Being the eldest son, he helped his father in the care of the stock, and soon took entire charge of the same, thus becoming a skilful stockman.

Mr. Arbogast married Miss Addie Leppo, a native of Kansas. In 1883 she came with her parents to Pendleton, where recently they both passed away. In the spring of 1892 Mr. Arbogast sold his possessions in Oregon and came to his present location, where he at once began improvements on the school land mentioned, and devoted himself to stock raising. To Mr. and Mrs. Arbogast four children have been born, Everet, Ernest, Elmer and Edna.

ANDREW W. JOHNSTON. 'Like many of the now prosperous settlers of Okanogan county, Mr. Johnston came here with very limited means and has gained his present holdings, which place him as one of the prosperous men of the county, by taking advantage of the resources of the country and in a careful and thrifty manner attending closely to business. He resides three miles south of Oroville, and gives his attention to raising stock.

Andrew W. Johnston was torn in Oshawa, Ontario, on August 12, 1867, the son of James and Charlotte (Best) Johnston. The father was a native of Ireland and a skillful cabinet maker. He came to Canada when young and in tliat country and in the United States worked at his trade until the time of his death, which occurred in Canada. The mother, who is still living, was born in Modoc, Canada. Our subject received his education in the excellent schools of Ontario and also became proficient in bookkeeping. After this he was fireman on the Michigan Central railroad, commencing in 1883. When he had secured sufficient skill to pass the examination, he operated an engine on a tug boat on Lake Huron. In 1887 he went to Seattle and thence to Victoria and finally on to the Fraser river country, where at New W^estminster he worked for the Brunette Milling Company. In 1889 Mr. Johnston came to Ellensburg, Washington, and there bought a cayuse, which he rode to the Okanogan country. His uncle, Arthur Best, and his brother, James A., lived here then. This was the first horseback ride Mr. Johnston had ever taken, but it was not his last. He arrived on Sunday with his cayuse, which was about all he possessed. This was in 1889, and stores were very scarce in the Okanogan country. Being pleased with the country, he bought a portion of his present ranch from his uncle on time. He at once started to work raising stock to gain the money to pay for his ranch. This done, he bought a quarter section more and has improved the same in first-class manner. The soil is very rich and produces abundance of hay. Mr. Johnston has a large band of cattle. On November 28, 1902, Mr. Johnston married Miss Mary Thompson, a native of Ontario. She came out west with her brother, Robert Thompson, in 1900. He was formerly a shipping clerk for a large concern in Detroit, and is now ranching in this country and also gives attention to organizing Sunday schools. Mr. and Mrs. Johnston are highly respected people who deserve credit for their faithful labors.

MAJOR ANDREW J. SQUIRES is to be mentioned among the earliest pioneer settlers of Okanogan county, where for nearly twenty years he has labored with faithfulness and success, conducting himself in such a manner that he is esteemed by all, and has won many friends. His home, which is a farm located eight miles southwest of Tonasket postoffice, is very valuable. One hundred acres of the estate is exceptionally fertile land, and produces bounteous crops of hay and the cereals, besides fruits and vegetables. Mr. Squires handles stock in addition to general farming and is a prosperous man.

Andrew J. Squires was born in Kingwood, Preston county. West Virginia, on November 4, 1828, the son of Thomas and Mary (Faucett) Squires. The father was born in the south, and died recently in Virginia, aged ninety-nine. The mother died in Virginia, aged ninety. Our subject grew up in West Virginia, and received a liberal education, after which he devoted himself to school teaching, and taught five or six }'ears. When the war broke out, he was in the middle of a term of school, but closing the school, he immediatel}' enlisted on the Union side in Company D, Third Virginia Infantr}', as a private. This was in the spring of 1861. He immediately received promotion to orderly sergeant, and continued to ascend until he reached a captaincy, then his regiment was consolidated with the Second, and the allied forces were afterward known as the Sixth West Virginia Veteran Volunteer Cavalry, of which our subject was appointed major. He was in numerous skirmishes, and participated in the battles of MacDowell, Cross Keys, and the Second Bull Run. He was taken prisoner on one occassion at New Creek, West Virginia, but escaped in a few hours. At the close of the war, his second enlistment was nearly out, so he was detained to fight Indians. They traveled through the Indian Territory to Wyoming, and in the winter of '65-6 built Fort Caspar. He was in charge of this construction and also was comcander of all troops from Fort Larmaie to South Pass. In March 1866, Major Squires was ordered back to West Virginia to be mustered out. He served five solid years in the army, but has never applied for a pension. After the war he went to Michigan, and engaged in the real estate business in Detroit. Later we see him in Missoula, Montana, whence he went to Mission Creek and took up mining. This occupied him for a decade, and in 18S4. he left British Columbia and looked around for a location. Finding his present place as good as any, he took it by squatter's rights in 1886. His nearest neighbor was sixteen miles, and he knows thoroughly what the life of the real pioneer means. Mr. Squires has a fine band of cattle and other stock. Politically, he has always been a Republican. It is of interest to note that Major Squires was born upon the day

KARL RUDOLPH MULLER. Among the more recent settlers of Okanogan county, we have the pleasure of mentioning the subject of this article, who is one of the progressive and substantial citizens. He is dwelling about three miles northwest from Tonasket postoffice, where he owns a quarter section of land, and is giving his attention to farming and stock raising.

He was born July 20, 1877, in Erie county, Ohio, the son of Karl and Amelia Muller, natives of Switzerland. He was well educated in the public schools in Ohio and Kansas, and remained with his father until twenty-one. His minority \%'as spent on a farm where he met with the invigorating exercise incident to rural life. Soon after he became of age he worked out for some time and procured a team and wagon for himself, after which he followed farming a short time in Morris county, Kansas. Then he made a journey to the Alberta country, Canada, and returned to Kansas. He sold his property in February, 1901, and came to join his brother in Okanogan county. He at once selected his present homestead and since that time the two brothers have been laboring together in partnership, in general farming and stock raising. The parents are still living in Kansas. These young men have made for themselves a good reputation in this western country, and judging from the past, we presage for them a bright and prosperous future.

WALTER W. CLOUD, one of the prominent business men of Okanogan county, was born in Michigan City, Indiana, on August 25, 1873. He is the son of Stephen C. and Jennie (Wells) Cloud, who now reside on a farm near Loomis. He has one brother and two sisters.

Walter W. was educated in Michigan City, graduating from the high school there in 1803. He followed bookkeeping in his native city for three years, then came to Loomis for his health. He sought out door exercise for one year, then engaged with the Loomiston Trading Compan}', which is now known as the Washington Commercial Company (Incorporated). His first-class ability, keen discrimination, and energy have placed him where he stands at the present time, joint owner with the company and bookkeeper in charge of the Loomis branch. His excellent standing throughout the community is evidenced by the fact that he was elected county clerk in 1898. He did not qualify for the office, however, preferring to remain with the company.

On November 30, 1899, ^^- Cloud married Miss Lina May Hunt, a native of East Dover, \^ermont. Mrs. Cloud was educated for a teacher and spent eight years in the work Ijefore marriage. She had come west for a visit and was teaching at Oroville, Washington, at the time of her marriage.

FRANK H. CLERF. It is with pleasure that we mention this enterprising and successful young stock grower, since he has wrought with a display of sagacity and thrift that have brought him a magnificent success, and also since his conduct has been such as to command the respect and esteem of all who know him. He is the largest wool grower in Okanogan county, and is now handling twenty-five thousand sheep. His headquarters are located fifteen miles northeast of Loomis, where he owns three hundred and twenty acres of land and rents much more. The land is all devoted to raising hay for his sheep.