Spokane County, Washington - Chapter 29: Miscell.\nf.ous Org.^nizations, In.stituti0ns, Etc, 1900

Spokane Society Of Pioneers

This society was formally organized April 12, 1896. The first president was A. J. Ross, and Millard T. Bartson was secretary. The first annual banquet of the society was enjoyed at the Grand Hotel, on April 16, 1897. The committee in charge consisted of S. T. Arthur, chairman, J. M. Grimmer, J. T. Lockhart, and the president and secretary. At this time a committee was appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws. Committee, Dr. J. E. Gandy, T. C. Grifi^tts, Dr. E. Pittwood. A committee was appointed on picnic, as follows : Music, Dr. Penfield, Eugene Fellowes, D. M. Thompson, T. W. Pynn, J. B. Sargent; speaker, A. J. Ross, Dr. E. Pittwood, Dr. J. E. Gandy; program, J. M. Grimmer, A. Munter, Joseph S. Wilson, L. C. Gilbert. At the annual meeting held April 9, 1898, the following constitution and by-laws were adopted :

"Regular annual meeting of the Spokane Pioneer Society, held at the Grand Hotel, pursuant to a call on the above date; President Ross in the chair. Report of the committee on constitution and by laws received and after several amendments adopted as follows :

"Article 2. - Object. - Section i. - The object of this society is to gather, formulate and preserve in substantial form the traditional record and object history of Spokane county, Washington.

"Article 3. - Duration. - Section i.- - The duration of this society shall be perpetual, or during the pleasure of two-thirds of all its duly accredited members.

"Article 5. - Memliership. - Section i. - Memliership shall be limited to persons over twenty-one years of age. of families residents of Spokane county prior to No\-ember 29, 1S84.

6. - Officers and their Duties. - Section I. - The officers of this society shall consist of a president, vice-president, treasurer and one member of said society who shall constitute a board of trustees, all to be clmsen at the annual meeting of this society.

"Section 3. - The Secretary shall be the official organ of this society, and he shall be exofUcio a member of the said board, and also the secretary thereof, and it shall be liis duty to keep a true and faithful record of the proceedings of said society, and of the board of trustees, and shall be the custodian of the books, papers, effects and projierty tiiereof.

"Section 4. - It shall be the duty of the treasurer to keep a true and correct account of all the money of the society received by him, showing from whom received ; and he shall disburse the same only upon the order of the board signed by the secretary and countersigned Ijy the chairman of said board ; and he shall, prior to the annual meeting of the society, sulimit his annual report, with vouchers, to the board for approval and incorporation in the annual report of the said board of the society.

"Section 5. - The board shall be the executive board of the society; it shall elect one of its own members chairman thereof, and shall conduct, regulate and control the affairs of the society at all times, except during the annual meeting thereof: it shall fill all \-acancies occurring in the societ}' or board, between the annual meetings of the society ; it shall have general direction of the publications of the society : it shall authorize all expenditures of money, and shall audit all claims against the society, and order their payment : fi\-e members of the

"Article 8. - .\nnual Meeting. - Section I. - The annual meeting of the society shall be held on the first Tuesday of April, at Spokane. Spokane county, Washington, at which the annual report of the board, with the rel)orts of the secretary, treasurer, shall be sub- ' mitted to the society, and when approved it shall be atlopted as the annual report of the society. It shall be the duty of the board to arrange for an annual address, essays and papers upon topics and matters pertinent and kindred to the objects of the societ)^, and such other exercises for entertainment and instruction as may seem proper. The election of the officers for ensuing year herein provided, shall be at each annual meeting as prescribed by the bylaws. Se\en members shall constitute a quorum to do business.

"Article 9. - .Amendments. - Section i. - This constitution may be amended at any annual meeting of the society: a two-thirds vote of all the voting members present being necessary for the ratification thereof.

"The following committees were nominated by the chair for the purpose of taking charge of the social to be given on April 23. 1898: J. M. Grimmer. A. J. Ross and I. S. Kaufman: committee on music, Dr. Penfield, E. J. Fellowes and Dr. Pittwood ; committee on program. Dr. Gandy, S. T. Arthur and .A. J. Ross. The chair was instructed to appoint a relief committee of three. On motion, adjourned."

The present officers are: J. M. Grimmer, president ; Dr. J. E. Gandy, vice-president ; Millard T. Hartson. secretary. S. T. Arthur, treasurer. Committee on picnic. President Grimmer, A. L. Davis, S. T. Arthur, J. L. Hargrove, E. J. Fellowes, I. S. Kaufman, J. S. Willson, A. E. Keats. P. D. Brcickman.

City Public Library. - "The reading practiced by most people, by all who do not set before themselves intellectual culture as one of the definite aims of life, is remarkal)le for the regularity with which it neglects all the great authors of the past. The books provided by the circulating library, the reviews and magazines, the daily newspapers, are read whilst they are novelties, but the standard authors are left on their shelves unopened." - P. G. Hamerton.

According to the Spokane Times, the first library association of Spokane Falls was organized on -April 8, 1880, when the following officers were elected : Col. L. B. Xash, president; W. J. Gilbert, vice-president; L. W. Rima, secretary; M. A. Warner, treasurer; C. L. White, librarian. It was decided to secure books immediately. .\ meeting was held in November of the same year, when Miss Nellie Muzzy was made librarian, and fifty new books were reported. The first earnest attempt to form a public library was made in 1S84, when Spokane Falls had a population of only twelve hundred. ^Irs. E. J. Fellowes acted as librarian. "The energetic pursuit of the "nimble sixpence* in the rapidly growing little town left little time for reading, and two or three years later the one hundred volumes of well-selected fiction which had been collected were sold off, all debts were paid, and the library was at an end." After some preliminary preparations, on April 6. 1891, the L'nion Library .Association was formed under the auspices of the labor organizations of the city. Mr. E. J. Tamblin acted as librarian. Through the efforts of prominent labor leaders, and the members of Sorosis and others, the library develcjped and became permanently located in a room in the Auditorium. The books which had been purchased and donated were, in 1894, presented to the city, and the Spokane City Library, governed by ordinances passed on December 4, 1894, was opened in the spaciou.5 and comfortable rooms in the city hall now occupied. The ordinances created a library commission and a librarian. Under the state law of 1895 the city has added to the tax rate onefifth of a mill for the library. In 1895 '^ received over three hundred dollars as a donation from the city, and over five hundred dollars from the tax, and in 1896 the tax receipts were eight hundred dollars. The affairs of the library are managed by a committee of five, viz : mayor, president of the council, comptroller, and two citizens appointed by the mayor and confirmed by the council. The present ones are M. Smith, W. H. Acuff and J. Kennedy Stout.

Mrs. Emma Driscoll Wheatly has served for several years as city librarian, and Mrs. Carrie Hathaway is the assistant librarian, both filling their vocations with credit to themselves and the city. Rev. Fairfield devotes much time to the selection of books. In the ])eriodical department magazines and newspapers are taken and kept on file. The library itself now contains seven thousand volumes. It is free to all readers, with a nominal fee of one dollar a year to those who wish to take books home anil it is extensively patronized. It is not merely a circulating library of cheap novels, though it contains an abundance of wholesome fiction, which is in great demand at all public libraries. It has sets of the best an- thors, new and old, such at Scott, Thackeray, Dickens, Bulwer, Cowper, Irving, Hawthorne, Ruskin and Carlyle. In history there are Momsen's Rome, Grote's Greece, Guizot's France, England, by Hume.Hallam, Green and Macaulay; the United States, by Bancroft, McMaster. and the Scribner History ; the Stories of the Nations, the American Statesmen, Commonwealth, the Men of Letters series, science, travel, poetry, theology, essays and biographies are well represented. Among the works of reference are the Century Dictionary, the Library of American Literature, the Britannica. and Appleton's annual cyclopedias and a set of government publications. The student and general reader can find much now in the library, and it is growing in use and value with every order for new volumes. Credit is due Col. J. Kennedy Stout, who acted as library commissioner for years, for facts incorporated in this article, as well as for service rendered in tlie interest of the city public library.

Spokane County Medical Society Library. - This library is located in the Hyde block, on the second floor, and is, as its name indicates, professional in quality and purpose.

y. M. C. A. Library. - It is fifteen years smce this association, aided by the Good Templars and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, began to collect papers, magazines and books for a reading room and public library. For some years preceding the great fire, books accumulated rapidly, but all were consumed. The association has not been al)le to pay special attention to l)uilding up a library during recent years, consequently the number nf books is small. But there is a splendid supply of magazines on the tables of the parlor, better, we think, than that of the Public Lilirary. There is also quite an assortment of news and religious papers.

Northern Pacific Club Library. - It is especially worthy and considerate in the officials of the Northern Pacific Company that they provide such spacious and convenient rooms for their employees in the second story of the depot building. The rooms are in charge of the club, antl the members thereof pay a stipulated fee. They ha\e a limited number of books and a creditable assortment of magazines and papers.

Musical Institutions

The people of Spokane have always been lovers of good music. It would be difficult to find a city of equal age and size which has in it an equal number of accomplished musicians. In the rush and turmoil of business and money getting it is pleasant to note that the people of Spokane do not seem to have neglected their opportunities for securing all possible of those accomplishments so highly prized by educated and refined people.

The Spokane Times of April 24, 1879, contained this item: "Spokane Falls has one piano and five organs. This speaks well for the musical talent of our people." It would be interesting to find out the number of pianos and organs found in the homes of Spokane today.

.'Spokane Couserz'afory of Music. - The conservatory was founded in 1888, Mr. F. iMueller, then noted in the highest musical circles of the country, being called by the authorities of Spokane College to take charge. Prof. Mueller is a graduate of the New England Conservatory of Music. Boston, in piano, voice culture, pipe organ, harmony, counterpoint and theory.

This musical institution is the longest continued one in the city. Notwithstanding the numerous musical teachers that have established themselves in Spokane, and the extraordinary accomplishments of many of them, Prof. Mueller has held his own against all competition. The Conservatory is now located at Synions block, in the Elks' hall. \'ocal and instrumental music are taught in all their branches by finished instructors.

Washington, D. C, a pupil of INIr. William Mason, of New York. She soon gave it the name Cannon Conservatory. In 1892 Miss Henry engaged Miss Alice May Harrah, of Detroit, Michigan, to take charge of the vocal department. In 1894 Miss Henr}- left Spokane, and Miss Harrah assumed direction of the Conservatory, giving it the name Northwestern Conservatory. She associated with her Miss Mary B. Harrah, her sister, one of the finest pianists in the state of Michigan, and a graduate of the Detroit Conservatory of Music, having been a pupil of Mr. J. H. Hahn, one of the most prominent musicians in the country.

This conservatory has been a strong factor in musical circles since its first organization, many of the best singers and players in the city and state having studied with the Misses Harrah. It will be the policy in both ])iano and vocal departments to train teachers for the conservatory, thus insuring harmony of instruction. Pupils will l)e fitted for oratorio, opera, church and concert work.

Miss Pauline Dunstan, daughter of W. J. Dunstan, entered the Northwestern Conservatory as a teacher of elocution in November, 1899, having just graduated from the Greeley Boston Scliool of Oratnrw She studied acting in New York under !-". F. Mackay and Mrs. Ohrenstein. She brought with her from the east splentlid press notices and recommendations.

Sf>okaiic Musical College. - This institution began February 6, 1899, in Temple Court. Before the close of the year it removed to its present quarters, 430 Second avenue, corner of Stevens. The following compose the faculty: Dr. R. A. Heritage, president; voice culture, singing and theory : pupil of Signor \'ictoria Corpi, Milan, Italy. Miss Harriet McCoy, assistant in voice culture and singing; pupil of the Chicago Conservatury. Mrs. W. R. .Alexander, principal piano department ; pupil of William PL Sherwood, America's greatest pianist. Miss Clara Engelhorn, assistant in piano and organ; pupil of Prof. T. V. Vallert, of Leipzig. Germany. John H. Seltenreich, principal violin and orchestral instruments; jnipil of Leipzig Conservatory, Germany, and first violin player in Thomas' orchestra. Gustav Tilleman, principal cornet, French horn and band instruments ; graduate of Brussels Conser\-atory, Belgium, and solo French horn player in Thomas' orchestra. Leon Lewis, IM-incipal, banjo, guitar and mandolin; solo concert i)layer; also director of Lewis' mandolin orchestra. Philip Born, principal, zither, and small instruments; solo zither player; the zither is an e.xceedingly nice parlor instrument for ladies. Miss Nell M. Forester, principal, physical culture, elocution and delsarte; graduate of the National School of Oratory, Philadelphia.

The first time for the enchanting strains of musical instruments to mingle with the roar of the falls of Spokane was on July 25, 1879, On said dale the United States Infantry band arrived at the little village of Spokane Falls on their way from Fort Lapwai to Fort Sherman, on Cantr d'Alene lake. The band camped under the trees about the corner of Front avenue and Post street where the Elks are erecting a building. In the evening W. C. Gray, of the California House, and others invited them to l)lay, and they responded. The members of the band, twenty-two in number, encircled the town l)ump about the corner of Howard and Front, and ])layed many selections, to the great delight of the whole town. Prof. T. W. Pynn, who was a member of the band, testifies that the music was rendered gratuitously, but that Mr. Gray took them ''below" and treated them royally.

The first band was organized in 1881, with 1'. W. Pynn as leader, and the citizens subscribed liberally toward a set of instruments. There are now residing in Spokane six, at least, who were members of the original "Spokane Falls Brass Band" - T. W. Pynn, T. H. Penn, A. E. Williamson, A. P. Wolverton, L. H. Handley, E. C. Dorsey. The other members were Thompson, Charlie White, Frank Meade, Leslie, Thoney. The band continued under the same name until 1888, when it became the Second Regiment Band of National Guards of Washington. This continued until tlie Spanish war, when it disbanded. The Pynn Military Band and Orchestra became its successor.

Cceur d'Alene Orchestra and Brass Band - John Seltenreich, director, fifteen pieces. Coeur d'Alene theater. Hcjward. southeast corner of rVont avenue.

Driscoll's Orchestra Quartette and Band - B. F. Driscoll, director and business manager. Office, West End Pharmacy, Sprague avenue, southwest corner Monroe.

The objects of this society are to constitute a representative body of the regular medical profession of the county of Spokane, state of Washington, which may advance the interest and encourage the unity and harmonious action of the entire profession throughout the county; to suppress empiricism as much as possible; to restrict the privilege of practicing the profession of medicine to thoroughly qualified persons; to develop talent, stimulate medical inventions and discoveries, and to maintain our rights and immunities as medical men. The members of this association shall be such as have been reported upon by the board of censors and received three-fourths of the votes of the members present at the meeting when the vote is taken upon their election to membership. The funds of the society shall be raised by membership fees, whch shall be fi\e dollars; annual dues, which shall be five dollars.

The Spokane Homeopathic Medical Society

This society was organized November 6, , 1889. An invitation had been sent to ah homeopathic physicians in the city to meet at Dr. Penfield's office on that date for the purpose of organizing a society for tlie mutual liel]i and protection of its members. Those present at the first meeting were Drs. C. S. Penfield, M. E. Hughes, E. D. Ohnsted, J. P. Gerlach, H. W. Andrews and C. E. Grove. The following officers were elected to serve the new society for one year: President, Dr. C. S. Penfield; vice-president. Dr. E. D. Olmsted; secretary and treasurer, Dr. C. E. Grove. The secretary was then asked to prepare a constitution and by-laws and submit it at the next meeting for approval or rejection by the society. The society then took up the subject of "Medical Legislation" for the new state of Washington. It was the unanimous opinion of those present that something ought to be done to influence the legislators to frame and enact the right kind of a medical law. And that this society should take the initiative and get down to business at once, .\tter the citation of i|uite a number of very interesting cases occurring in the experience of members of the society, and some discussion of the same, bringing out many valuable points, the society adjourned for one week.

The second meeting of the society occurred November 13, 1889, at which time Dr. Grove presented a form of constitution and by-laws, which was immediately taken up and considered, article by article and section by section, which, with a few slight changes, was accepted b}' the society.

The society then took up the subject of medical legislation, and, after a thorough discussion of the importance of elevating the standard of efficiency of the profession and of protecting the people from ignorant and unprncipled quacks and charlatans, it was decided to print a pamphlet setting forth the necessity for the right kind of legislation on the subject and to send a copy of it to every member of the Legislature and to every homeopathic physician in the state. Drs. Gundlach, Grove and Olmsted were appointed a standing committee on medical legislation. And this committee printed and sent out a pamphlet which did much towards securing the present medical law. This same committee afterwards, seeing that some changes were needed in the law, attempted to have it amended, but so far have been unsuccessful.

The third meeting of the society was held November 20, 1899. It was suggested that a state convention of homeopathic physicians be held for the purpose of forming a State Homepathic Medical Society. The idea was enthusiastically received, and it was decided to lose no time in organizing a state society. Drs. Penfield, Olmsted and Gundlach were selected as delegates from this society.

It was decided to have the regular meeting of the society on the first Monday of each month, and the subject assigned for the next meeting was La Grippe. The meetings have been very interesting and instructive, and the society has been the source of great good to its members and the profession. The present officers are : President, Dr. C. S. Penfield ; vicepresident. Dr. E. D. Olmsted; treasurer. Dr. J. G. Gundlach ; secretary. Dr. E. C. Grove.

Preamble. - We, the homeopathic physicians of Spokane Falls, in order to secure to ourselves the benefit of union and mutual contact, and for the purpose of protecting our legal rights and acting in harmony and unison in all matters concerning the interests of homeopathy in the Northwest, and advancing the standing of our school, and with a view to organizing a state society, do ordain and establish the following constitution :

Sec. 3. Term of Office. - The officers shall hold office for a term of one year, or until their successors are elected, which shall Ijc by ballot at a regular meeting of the society.

Art. 3. - Section i. Standing Committees. - The president shall appoint a board of censors, consisting of three members, who shall investigate and report on all applications for membership in the society. And to criticise any member for unprofessional conduct. Sec. 2. Committee on Legislation. - The president shall appoint a committee of three to look after the legal rights of our school and bring to bear upon the legislature whatever influence may be best calculated to bring about this end.

Art. 4. - Section i. Membership. - Any person who is a graduate of a recognized medical college and who is engaged in the active practice of homeopathy, is in good standing, and sustains a good character. On being recommended by the board of censors may be elected a member of the society by a two-thirds vote of those present.

Sec. 2. Order of business shall be: i, Roll-call. 2, Report of secretary. 3, Reading of correspondence. 4. Report of committees. 5, Unfinished business. 6. New business. 7, Papers or citation on clinical cases. 8, Discussion of same. 9, Recominendations

The Legal Profession

The legal profession is well represented in this city. Among them are some of the most brilliant and learned lawyers and judges on the Pacific coast. A considerable number of them are enjoying a lucrative practice, and others have added to their fortunes by investments it! mining properties. There is a county organization which is herewith described. The first meeting of the association was held at equity court room, Hyde block. May 13, 1895. The following were elected officers: Cyrus Happy, president; Frank H. Graves, vice-president ; J. Rosselot, secretary ; P. T. Ouinn, treasurer ; three additional members of executive committee, J. E. Fenton, J. W. Marshall. W. J. C. Wakefield.

The present officers are : G. W. Belt, president ; George M. Forster, vice-president ; L. B. Cornell, secretary; P. F. Ouinn, treasurer; additional members of executive committee, Adolph Munter, Jesse Arthur, A. G. Avery.

H. - Objects. - The objects of this association are: To cultivate the science of jurisprudence, promote the administration of justice, uphold and ad\-ance the standard of integrity, honor and courtesy in the legal profession, and to cherish a spirit of brotherhood among its members.

in. - :Membership. - All reputable members of the bar of Spokane county, Washington, who shall have been duly elected to membership, and who shall have signed the constitution, may become members of this asso- ciation by paying the sum prescribed as admission fee, provided that all members of the Spokane bar may become charter members of the association by signing the constitution and paying the admission fee before April 15. 1895.

IV. - Officers. - The officers of the association shall consist of a president, a vice-president, a secretary and a treasurer. The above named officers shall c.v officio, together with three members of the association to be elected as hereinafter provided, compose an e.xecutive committee, whose duties shall be such as usually devolve upon such officers. The same person shall not be elected president two years in succession.

\'. - Meetings. - The annual meetings of this association shall be heUl on the fourth Thursday in March at the city of Spokane, Washington. Regular meetings siiall also be held on the fourth Thursilay in June, September and December in each year. Special meetings may be called at any time by the executive committee, and shall be called at any time upon the written reciuest of fifteen members of this association. .\t least two days' notice of special meetings shall be given by the secretary in some newspaper or by written or printed notice.

Vl. - Quorum. - Fifteen members shall constitute a quorum iox the transaction of the business of the association, and tive members of the executive committee shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the executive committee.

VH. - Elections. - Elections of officers and of the three additional members of the e.xecutive committee shall be by ballot at the annual meeting of the association.

VIII. - Fees and Dues. - The fee for admission to membership and the dues shall be such as may from time to time be prescribed by the by-laws.

are elected. In case of a vacancy in any office the same shall be filled by appointment by the executive committee. A vacancy in the office of president, however, can only be filled by the appointment of the vice-president.

X. - .\mendments. - This constitution can be altered or amended by a three-fourths vote of the members present at any regular meeting, but no change will be made unless at least fifteen members are present.

XI. - Discipline. - Any regular member of the association may be suspended or expelled for misconduct in his relations to this association or in his profession on conviction thereof.

The first theater opened in Spokane was called Globe, and a man by the name of Rogers was the manager. It started in a very small building when the population was no more than one thousand. In 1882 the Joy opera opened on Riverside avenue. A large rmk was erected on the corner of Riverside avenue and Post street in 1883, which soon came into the possession of J. N. Van Dorn, and was turned into an auditorium. It became the great gathering place of the city. In it everything of importance was held, including union religious meetings.

In 1884 Harry Hay ward began his career as theatrical manager, which has continued to the present time. The Falls City Opera House was built in 1886, on the southeast corner of Riverside and Post. This was destroyed at the time of the great fire. Then the Concordia Hall, on Second avenue, near Jefferson street, owned by the Concordia Singing Society - a German organization - became the place for all popular amusements, and continued to be until the erection of the magnificent auditorium building. The Auditorium is equal to any building of the kind in the Pacific Northwest. It is beautiful in interior decorations, and has all the later mechanical appliances. In the construction of it safety and comfort were consulted. It has a seating capacity for over fifteen hundred and is capable of handling to advantage the largest stage scenery carried by any traveling company. Some of the world's greatest artists have been heard on its platform.

Variety Theaters. - Spokane has been noted for its variety theaters from early days, as mentioned in another chapter. The Theater Comique has been in successful operation for a dozen years. The Coetir d'Alene Theater, Cceur d'Alene, Company, proprietors, started five years ago and has been in its present location for three years, Howard and Front. It is one of the largest institutions of the sort north of San Francisco. It attracts bright talent and has a large patronage.

In the summer of 1892 Col. \V. P. Carlin, of Fort Sherman, was favorably impressed with this city as a strategic point, and in every way adapted as a location for an army post of ten or twelve companies. Soon after this measures were inaugurated to influence congressional action leading to establishment of said post at earliest possible date. An energetic committee, consisting of Messrs. W. S. Norman, E. J. Dyer and A. A. Newbury, were appointed to push the matter. In due time a definite proposition was submitted to the war department. Because the massive machinery of national government moves slow matters appeared on a standstill for some time. In the spring of 1894 Brig.-Gen. E. P. Otis visited this city while making a tour of inspection of the Pacific coast military posts. This proved fortunate for Spokane, as the recommendations of the General were in keeping with the ambition and plans of the citizens especially interested in the new army post. He was favorably impressed with Twickenham as an excellent location for that purpose. Accordingly, one thousand acres of land were offered the government. ]Mr. A. A. Newberry visited Washington, D. C, and had interviews with those in authority with satisfactory results. The land was accepted in August, 1895. O'^ June II, 1896, the bill appropriating one hundred thousand dollars for commencement of work on the post received the approval of the President. Capt. W. H. Miller, quartermaster at Fort Riley, was ordered to Spokane by the war department on May 9, 1896, and arrived in due time. He took charge of the preliminary work, and under his superintendency the buildings were erected. It has been appropriately named Fort Wright, in honor of the intrepid military leader made famous by his campaigns in this region and thorough subjugation of the Indians of eastern Washington. The commander at this time is Capt. C. C. Cassieus. There are eleven buildings and seventy men.

Government Offices

the district of Spokane Falls; the United States circuit and district courts for the eastern district of Washington : the deputy United States internal revenue collector; the deputy United States marshal's office; the postal railway headquarters; the postoffice inspector for this district and the new United States army post, the tinest one in the west. The United States district attorney also has an office in this city. The land office was established in Spokane Falls, removing from Golfax in 1884, Major ]. M. Armstrong and Hon. John L. Wilson being register and receiver.

"The United States land office, district of Spokane Falls, embraces the whole of Sjjokane county, 1,134,700 acres; Stevens county. 3,- 951,500 acres; Lincoln county. 1.490.250 acres; the four northern tiers of townships in Whitman county, 653,300 acres; the four northern tiers of townships in Adams county, 734,000 acres; a strip on the eastern side of Okanogan county, 274,500 acres, and a fraction on the eastern side of Douglas county. 1.500 acres, making a total of 8.239.750 acres, or more than one-si.xth of the area of this state, or about 12.871 square miles - a tract larger than the states of Xew Jersey and Connecticut together.

"The total unsurveyed area in the land district amounts to 1,275.846 acres, and the total area in the various reserves amounts to 1,980,- 478 acres."

The above officers were succeeded by J. M. Adams, register, and Leonard B. Cornell, receiver; they by A. W. Strong, register. Joseph H. Hughes, receiver. The latter were succeeded by L. 'SI. Flournoy. receiver, anil Mathew E. Logan, register. The present officers are : W. H. Ludder, register, and S. Wells, receiver.

Mrs. Mary P. Olney. of this city, a conchologist and botanist of national reputation, prepared a paper a few years ago for the Washington Academy of Science on "Spokane Mollusca. with Notes on Habits and Localities." It was a production of recognized scientific value and a synopsis of it is herewith given :

"Class, Gastropodc; Order, Pulmonata; Sub-order, Gcophila; Family, Zonitidac, Zonitcs Arborcus (Lay). In several parts of the city a few years ago. Nearly exterminated. Zoiiitcs Fliivus (Drapanaud) found on the side of the bluti'. None seen lately.

Hclicodiscus fambraiatus var. salmonacea (Hemphill). Nine specimens collected near Monroe street bridge, the only place I have known of their being found nearer Spokane than Idaho.

"Polyggyra(Triodopsis)MiillaHii, var. 01- ncyac (Pdsbry). Typical from the side of the bluff at my home, where it is always true to Pilsbry's description. Solitary in its habits.

depositing an egg in a place. On the 6th of April I collected six specimens, of as many dififerent ages, the youngest, probably, about three weeks, the oldest a last autumn's product. House just finished.

"Pynvitidiila (patiila) strigosa (Gould). Found at ]\Iarshairs Springs ; very fine specimens are collected at Rathdrum, Idaho. I have the four varieties Hemphill calls parma bicolor, lactca and suh-carinata. Two or three names will probably be added when some collector, ambitious to swell the numbers in his catalogue, finds some of the peculiar forms I have received this spring. It is a protean and very interesting species. Strigosa is oviparous and ovoviviparous. I had cleaned several hundred and only found young in the oviduct of one until last August. Then I found from ten to twenty in every one of the fifty brought from Rathdrum. Pilsbry, in Vol. IX of Helicidae, says : "The aridity west of the Rockies causes the ovoviviparous state." I doubt his being able to prove it. Where the above mentioned fifty were found was within ten feet of a never-failing stream. The spring of 1886 was unusually wet in that section, and it appears as if Mrs. Strigosa considered it wise to keep her family in the house. I had several times received collections from the same place in dry seasons, and the eggs during captivity were deposited in the usual manner of snails. Perhaps some member of the academy will settle the question.

"Pyraiii idiila (Patula) solifaria (Lay). Marshall's Springs. The dark reddish-brown variety with one white band at the periphery; also an occasional albino.

"Siiccinida. I have three specimens found within the city limits. I am not satisfied with descriptions of "Pacific region" that here come under my observation. One is quite likely to be a variety of rusticana (Gould) and another nuttalliana (Lea.) The third is undescribed. I will endeavor to have all three identified by some specialist and report.

"The species of land shells enumerated are all I am willing to stand sponsor for at present. Fifteen species strictly within city limits." She gives the result of her work among the pdccypoda and says : "This division of molloca needs as vigorous an overhauling as helicidae has had, and until it is done it is almost useless to report, especially as our rivers and ponds have produced specimens that even the headlights among conchologists disagree concerning the names of several species. I append a list of such as I am sure of: "Sphacrium striatinum (Lam), Sphacrium Spokani (Lam), Spacrium stamiiicum (Conrad), Sphacrium raymondii (J. G. Cooper), Ancylus kootcniansis (Baird). The above five specimens found in Hangman creek, also in ponds east of the Cook line of street cars.

"Physa hcterostropha (Say). In all ponds and streams blandii and politissima are found here, but may as well be called varieties of hcterostropha as to be designated as species.

"Univnidac. The least said of this family, the soonest mended. The family is very poorly represented on the Pacific slope. In Spokane we are at least after a long discussion allowed to say Unio margaritfera (Linn) instead of Margaritana, and in my cabinet will be marked Unio margaritifcra (Linn) var. Falcata (Gould).

"Anodoiita nnttalliaiia (Lea). A very delicate species that has a hard struggle for life in the inhospitable beds of Spokane and Hangman. Fresh water, ^3; land, 15; total, 38."

A meeting was called through the Northwestern Tribune as early as October 15, 1881, to consider the advisability of organizing a Spokane County Agricultural Society. The first meeting did not result in an organization. A second meeting was held at Cheney April 20, 1882. Col. Smith, of Medical Lake, was in the chair and Francis H. Cook acted as secretary. Little was done in this direction for several years. In 1887 something in the nature of an agricultural fair was held at Montrose Park, Cook"s addition. A \\"ashington and Idaho Fair Association was organized. The fair grounds at Forrest Park were secured and used more or less for a few years. The fences were taken down, with the buildings, a year ago, and the land platted into town lots. If the agricultural fairs have not been a success the Fruit Fair has been and has become a permanent institution. \\'e herewith submit a history of the fair, written by E. D. Olmsted, president of the board of control.

"The history and growth of the Spokane Industrial Exposition are of much interest. Backini893 and 1894 thoughtful business men began to realize that Spokane had outgrown the country about it. Those were the doubtful days when business seemed at a standstill, people instead of coming to the country were leaving it. and going - nobody knows where. Failures and panics had frightened everyone and all confidence was lost. The people of Spokane then began to realize that something must be done. The old bureau of immigration was organized and commenced under more discouraging circumstances similar work to what is now being done so successfully by the Spokane Chamber of Commerce. J. W. Binkley was president, E. J. Dyer, secretary, and Herbert Bolster, manager of that bureau of immigration. They commenced to scatter information about the west, but they soon found that something must be done to convince the people who were already here that the great Inland Empire had resources which no other section could excel. Therefore, in order to convince people of the great richness and productiveness of the soil, Mr. Bolster proposed to have a fair. The suggestion was looked upon with some doubt, but in Mr. Bolster the bureau had confidence, and he was permitted to go ahead.

"He therefore prepared the first annual Spokane fruit fair, which was held four days, from the 24th to the 27th of October, 1894. He chose John L. Smith and E. P. Gilbert as his superintendents, and prepared to show the people what could be raised by the soil of this country. It was no easy task to prepare that small fair. Farmers were skeptical and would not exhibit, so Mr. Smith took his wagon and went through the country and with his own hands pulled the cabbages and dug the potatoes and brought them to Spokane as a part of the exhibits. The fair was an immense success. People could not believe that all the products there exhibited could have been raised in this country. The fair was held in the Knapp-Burrell building on East Riverside avenue, and the admission was ten cents. The people flocked to see what Mr. Bolster had done. Saturday of the fair the attendance numbered more than five thousand people. Mr. Bolster ventured to employ the Borchert or- chestra. consisting of four ladies, to furnish music and to entertain his visitors. He paid them the magnificent sum of twenty-five dollars per day. Everybody was pleased, and it is a question if the one hundred dollars he spent for the music that year did not give as much satisfaction to the people as the thousands of dollars which have since been spent for attractions. What a contrast ! Five years ago the music and all other attractions cost one hundred dollars. This year they will cost eight or ten thousand dollars. Thus has the enterprise grown. Mr. Bolster astounded the bureau by turning into the treasury at the close of that fair six hundred and forty-one dollars and sixty-eight cents as a surplus. After that success it is not to be wondered at that the people have shown him confidence and have allowed him to do largely as he pleases in running Spokane's fairs and expositions.

"The second fruit fair lasted ten days instead of four, and was in every way as great a success and an improvement over the first. Four ladies with stringed instruments would not satisfy the people, so the management secured two outside military bands. For the first five days the Fourth Cavalry Band at Fort Walla Walla furnished the music, and for the second five days Joseph Nevotti's Fourth Infantry Band of Fort Sherman furnished the music. That year exhibits came from far and wide, and the fair was an unqualified success. It was held on the open common at the corner of Sprague and Mill, and spread itself into some of the empty adjoining store-rooms on First avenue. At the close of the fair a banquet was given the leading exhibitors from Umatilla, Oregon, Walla Walla, Lewiston, the Potlatch, Wilbur, Latah, and all other points near Spokane. People went away that year giving the unanimous vote that Spokane was their metropolis, and was doing the right thing for the development of the country. This, too, was a ten-cent show, and at its close Manager Bolster reported a surplus of over eleven hundred dollars.

"The third fruit fair, like its predecessors, proved to be a great success. There was the same increase and interest, and this year's exhibits came as far away as the Frazier river valley, British Columbia, coming around by Seattle to reach Spokane. This fruit fair was managed by Frank W. Smith, with John A, Finch as its president. The admission was ten cents and the fair continued for twelve days. It was held for the first time on the ground adjoining the Auditorium building. The Sixteenth Infantry Band, which arrived just in time from Fort Douglas at Salt Lake, furnished the music.

"The fourth fair was held in the same locality and Manager Bolster was again appointed to run it. John A. Finch was for the second time made president, and in fact he served three years in that capacity until he positively refused to accept the position for the fourth time. This year it was found that the fair had grown to larger proportions. The attractions were so many and the expenses were so heavy that it was necessary to raise the admission fee to fifteen cents. Again the Sixteenth Infantry Band furnished the music. A goddess of plenty was first chosen to open the fair and the first big parades and elaborate opening ceremonies were added. The year before Walla Walla county had won the capital prize and was permitted to choose a goddess. Miss Rose Blalock was chosen as a direct compliment to the Hon. N. G. Blalock, her father, the pioneer orchardist of Washington. The fair was so great a success that the management at the close presented man}' souvenirs and costly tokens of esteem to the exhibitors who had come from far and wide, and then reported a surplus of fifteen hundred dollars still on hand.

in proportion as its predecessors and showed that it had continued to grow in importance. This year again was held tiie big opening parade and Whitman county sent Miss Katherine Ridgeway Hogan to represent them as a goddess of plenty. The mining department which was iirst started by Frank W. Smith, this year developed into more importance and in every way the show was larger than it ever had been in the past. Hoppe's Washington State Band of twenty-five pieces furnished music. Manager Bolster reported a surplus of two thousand five hundred dollars.

"At the close of this fair exhibitors from outside counties and districts held a meeting, inviting Mr. Bolster to be present, and requested him in the interest of the country for which the fairs already had done so much, to see if it would not be possible in another year to add stock, dairy, poultry and mineral departments, and make a general exposition of the fruit fairs. This request he is now acting upon in preparing the Spokane Industrial Exposition of 1899. Thus has the little Spokane fruit fair of five years ago grown into the Spokane Industrial Exposition of today - the greatest and best annual fair west of the Mississippi river.

"In 1894 the fair cost a few hundred dollars, and in 1899 it will cost thirty-five thousand dollars. In 1894 merchants subscribed for the fair from one dollar to five dollars apiece, but only in merchandise. In 1899 they have subscribed from twenty-five dollars to two hundred and fifty dollars in cash. In 1894 the attractions cost one hundred dollars and in 1899 they will cost perhaps, ten thousand dollars. In 1894 it continued four days and the admission was ten cents. In 1899 it will continue fifteen days and the admission will be twenty-five cents. In 1894 the railroads gave a rate of one and one-fifth fare for the round trip and practically nobody came from outside Spokane.

In 1899 they will give one fare for the round trip for any day of the exposition and thousands will come each day. In 1894 the entire fair cost less than what will be spent this year for vaudeville attractions, and eight or nine thousand dollars will be spent in addition for music.

"In 1896, when the fair held near the Auditorium, the total paid admissions were 56,031. In 1897 they were 69,228. In 1898 they vvere 72,250, and in 1899, w-ith the magnificient music and other attractions, and the fair continuing for fifteen days, instead of twelve, the paid admissions are expected to run up to 100,000.

"In the history of the past fruit fairs there have been about a dozen men from outside counties who were far-sighted enough to see the great benefit to the outside country of such an exposition and who cordially and earnestly lent their aid to Spokane in this enterprise. If it were not for the support of twelve or fifteen such men from Whitman, Nez Perce, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Stevens counties, from the Potlatch, from Wilbur, from Douglas county and from British Columbia, the fruit fairs of the past could scarcely have been held."

Note - An effort is now being made to erect a permanent building for the exposition. A site has been selected on Riverside avenue, west of the Mitchell-Lewis-Staver Company. Plans have been submitted by the architect, and will soon be decided upon. The amount of money ($75,000) necessary to erect the building is almost in sight, and the next exposition will doubtless be on a larger scale than any previous one. - Editor.

Spokane will soon be a city of parks if her wealthy and generous citizens will continue to donate meir land for the public. Several parcels of land have been given for that purpose during the last few years. We shall soon have half a dozen parks in different localities. The first park donated to the city was Cccur d' Alene park. It is located in the west end of the city and is the joint gift of the late A. M. Cannon and the Hon. J. J. Browne. It comprises nine and three-fourths acres of land, and the city has not spared pains or expense to make it attractive. It is now surrounded by beautiful homes.

Liberty park is toward the east end of the city and comprises twenty acres of land. This was a gift of F. Lewis Clark and others. The city has already spent considerable money m grading the land and preparing it for the purpose it was intended. When the work is finished it will be a delightful place. Only a few months ago the evening paper had the following item :

"D. C. Corbin yesterday handed to Mayor Comstock the deed for the ground included in the new Corbin park in the north part of the city. This gives the city perpetual title to the park site, and the improvement of the grounds can be taken up at once.

"Mr. Corbin deeds to the city a tract including about fifteen acres. It is in the center of the Corbin Park addition, which has recently been platted. The park lies between Frederic avenue on the north and Jerome avenue on the south. The west oval extends a little beyond Mill street, and the east oval just over Carlisle street, a distance of five and a half blocks. The park itself is laid out in an elliptical shape. The driveway on the north will be known as Park Place, and the avenue on the south is to be called Waverly Place.

"City Engineer Weile said this morning: 'We expect to spend three thousand dollars on the new park this year, in setting out trees and laying out walks and driveways. We shall start as soon as the weather is favorable, in three or four wrecks. The water department has already ordered the water pipe to be laid on the streets through the addition and connections will be made with these for the park. The park committee will probably meet soon to decide definitely on the plan to be followed in improving the park.'

'.As soon as the spring opens we shall set out trees in the new park. Water pipes will be put down and the grounds will be laid out. The most that can be done this summer will be to seed it and to plant trees. From time to time shrubbery and flowers will be planted. It can be made a very pretty park - just as Cceur d' Alene is.' "

Some improvements have already been made on this park. The announcement has been made recently that Mr. J. A. Finch has set apart a portion of his land west of Latah creek for a park, and that plans are now in operation looking towards making it a delightful spot.

Xatatorium park, on the north river bank, in the west end of the city, on Boone avenue and Broadway car lines. This, although not public property, is a charming spot and has already become a popular resort.

Lidgerwood park, in Lidgerwood Park addition, on Lidgerwood line, has also some commendable features and could be made a place where people would delight and derive much profit in spending their leisure hours.

Minnehaha park, outside the city limits, northeast, on Hillyard car line. This is a spot especially fitted for a park, if it could be extended up to the highest point, affording a broad view of the country. The effort to make it a sporting place proved suicidal.

Montrose park, on the hill south of the city, on Cook's addition car line. This is almost in its virgin state, but affords abundant shelter on a warm summer day. With little expense it could be made a place of resort to the thousands.

The first Spokane Falls cemetery is described in tlie Spokane Times for June 5, 1879, as follows: "Situated on the bluff, near the junction of Hangman creek with the Spokane river, is the delightfully located cemetery for the dead of Spokane Falls and vicinity. The drive to the burial ground is high, dry and level; distance, about one mile."

At that time there were fi\'e graves in the cemetery. The second cemetery was located south of what is now known as Cannon hill, on a part of the homestead of H. P. Reeves. In 1887 that was abandoned and the remains conveyed to the Greenwood Cemetery, west of Latah creek, established that year. A. j\l. Cannon was president; C. F. Clough. secretary ; G. H. Howell, sexton. Ic has been finely arranged at considerable outlay and has some features of an idea! city of the dead. It has some level land and some that is almost romantic.

After the death of Mr. Camion tiie property fell into new hands. The present officers are : Hon. George Turner, president : E. D. Sanders, vice-president ; W. M. Ridpath, secretary and treasurer ; C. B. Dunning, agent ; office, 504 Hyde block.

Fainnount Cemetery. - This cemetery is located three and one-half miles northwest of the city on the banks of the Spokane river. It was set apart - one hundred and sixty acres, in INIay, 1888. by E. J. Webster and others. The first superintendents and agents were Bickier and Webster. The land is level and some of it covered with pine trees. Consderable money has been expended in suitably arranging and beautifying the grounds. The company has recently begun to run an automobile from the cemetery to corner of Indiana a\-enue and Monroe street. The present officers are E. J. Webster, president ; D. T. Hane, vicepresident and treasurer ; W. W. Thorton, secretary- : W. G. Morgan, superintendent.

\\'oman suffrage was a popular subject in Spokane county in the early years of its history. According to the Northwest Tribune, there was a meeting held in the Methodist Episcopal church at Cheney, on July 5, 1882, to organize a W'oman Suffrage Association of Spokane County. Mrs. A. S. Dunniway, of Portland, the great Pacific coast woman suffrage agitator, was in the chair. An address was delivered by her. The organization was perfected with the following officers : President, Mrs. J. W. Range; recording secretary, Mrs. W. D. Switzer; corresponding secretary. Mrs. L. .V. Switzer; executive committee. J. W. Still. Miss Polly Bybee, Ivlrs. Dr. ^ eargam. Hon. .\. S. Abernethy; committee on ])rogram. Dr. J. S. Calloway, Mrs. A. Machen, Mrs. A. Everest, Mrs. H. A. Range, Miss Ida Stoughton, Hon. D. F. Percival, Mrs. S. J. Mount. Regular meetings were held for some time, but the defeat of woman suffrage resulted in the discontinuance of the society.

Educ.A.Tioxal Institutions

The first attempt to establish a school of high grade in Spokane county was at Medical Lake in 1880, by Professor A. J. Stevens, who filled the office of county superintendent for one term. The next was the establishment of an academy at Cheney. The Boston capitalist, B. P. Cheney, gave ten thousand dollars for a building and equipment. The building was dedicated April 6, 1882. The trustees were General J. W. Sprague. Tacoma, Rev. Dr. C. G. H. .\tkinson, Portland, and Hon. D. F. P'erci\al. Cheney. The first teachers were Professor Felch and Miss Bunker. Ixjth from Boston. This academy was the onh' school of high grade in the county for several years and did good work. Professor J. W. Dow, of this city, was the principal for a few years and Mrs. A. M. Merriman, of this city, was also a teacher. The original building was destroyed by fire and the land was donated to the state and the Normal school building is now on it.

Spokane College. - -A meeting was called at Colfax December 14, 1881. to agree upon a suitable location for a college north of Snake river. This meeting was called by the upper Columbia conference of the Methodist Episcopal church. The members of the ci:immittee appointed by said conference were Judge Norman Buck, Lewiston ; Henry McGregor, Henry Copley, Whitman county; \V. S. Turner, Colfax- S. G. Havermale, Spokane _Falls. The latter place was selected. Soon the college was incorporated and arrangements made to begin work. The following summer we find the following advertisement in the paper :

"Spokane College. - This institution will open its first session October 11, iS8j, with a president and a competent corps of professors. There will be two departments^the academic or preparatory department, and the college. The preparatory department will harmonize with the college, and will recjuire three years to complete it. The college course will require four years to complete it.

"Classical Course - Latin grammar, first two books of Caesar, four orations of Cicero, six books of \'irgil and Latin prose composition. Greek Grammar - Two books of Xenophon's Anabasis, three books of Homer's Illiad and Greek prose composition. Mathematics - Arithmetic, practical and higher, elem.entary algebra, higher algebra to quadratics and plane geometry. Science - Ancient and modern geography, physical geography, physiology, natural philosophy and elements of astronomy. English - Outlines of Roman and Grecian history, history of the L^nited States, and a thorough knowledge of English grammar and composition.

"Tuition per term in academic course (twelve weeks constitute a term), common and higher Englisli with classical studies, per term. $9.00: music, extra, per term. $13.00: college course, per term. Si 5.00. Boarding can be had in private families at reasonable rates. Young men and ladies of limited means can lioard themselves at cheap rates. There are great inducements for families to move to this beautiful and healthy place to educate their sons and daughters. Spokane Falls is to ije the great educational center of eastern Washington, being on the grand trunk of the Northern Pacific Railroad. For further particulars inquire of Rev. L C. Libby, president; Rev. M. S. Anderson, agent; Alessrs.

The following year a building was erected on land conditionally granted by Col. D. P. Jenkins. It stands west of ^lonroe street near College avenue. The brick building was erected a decade later. Rev. R. C. Bisbee succeeded Professor Libby as president and contmued for several years. The school increased in number, claiming as many as three hundred students. Professor A. E. Lasher, president for several years, was succeeded by Professor W. G. Ward, under whom it assumed the name L'niversity. with several departments:

Spokane Law School ( law department of the L'niversity of Spokane Falls). - \\"illiam G. Ward, president, lecturer on Roman law ; John Johnston, dean law faculty ; Professor John Johnston, personal property, wills and domestic relations ; H. D. Crow, personal property and equity jurisprudence: R. J. Dansen, evidence pleading and code ; William A, Huneke. contracts and partnerships, bills and notes; ]\I. F. Mendenhall. criminal law and torts : C. A. Noble. Blackstone's commentarv and Walker's American law.

Spokane School of Theology (theological department of the University of Spokane Falls). - Faculty: William G. Ward, M. A., D. D., practical theology; M. M. Waltz, M. A., exegetica! theology; A. G. Wilson, M. A., homiletics ; V. C. Evers, Al. A., systematic theology.

Jenkins Uniz'crsity. - David B. Jenkins, president ; Joseph S. Allen, vice-president ; Walter Hughson, secretary ; G. B. Dennis, tieasurer. This incorporation planned to sell the old college site of twenty-five acres to realize about half a million dollars and appropriate for endowment. Land was conditionally obtained at Arlington Heights for university purposes, and the Little Baldy for observatory. The officers planned great things, but the financial depression which followetl made realization impossible. Last faculty of Jenkins L'niversity, College avenue between Adams and Alonroe ; founded in 1882 : Rev. R. E. Bisbee, A. M., mental and moral science; J. J. Rippetoe, A. AL, higher mathematics and civil engineering; O. A. Noble, A. AL, natural science; C. W. Duffield, A. AL, history and political science; Aliss Eva Halstead, AI. .\., Latin and English literature; Osmer Abbott. B. A.. Greek and German; W. E. Jackson, B. C. S., bookkeeping and penmanship; Aliss Jennie C. Grove, AL A., elocution ; W. T. Euster, shorthand and typewriting; Aliss Ida J. Ingleman. tapestry painting, oil and crayon; Airs. Ella AI. Beals,. drawing, pastel and China; Airs. C. W. Duffield, matron; F. Alueller, B. S., musical director; Rev. H. Brown, systematic theology; Rev. William Davies, practical theology.

Presbyterian Female Se)iiinary. - Organized and controlled by a board of trustees appointed by the Presbyterian synod. Chartered by the legislature of Washington and endowed with full collegiate privileges. Rev. T. G. Watson, president ; J. D. AlacLean, secretary; H. X. Belt, treasurer; Lillian Feazel, principal ; Alary C. Edmiston, business manager.

A Spokane university was incorporated and some property secured under the same auspices. In the same year Finney College was incorporated and land partially secured by the Congregationalists, on the Spokane river five miles east of the city limits. The coming of the hard times had much to do in frustrating the plans of the promoters of these institutions. Fate has been against Spokane so far in establishing a college.

Business Colleges

had developeel into a business college and Professor J. R. Cassin had become associated with Professor Martin. The school continued to grow from year to }-ear until the number of students reached the hundreds. It had normal, shorthand, collegiate, assaying and commercial departments, and was thoroughly equipped to do good work. Professor Cassin had associated with him Professors H. C. Blair, now of Blair Business College, and Professor E. H. Thompson, of the Northwestern Business College. Two years ago Professor Cassin sold his interest in the college to H. T. Englehorn and M. A. Dehuff. and a few months ago the institution suspended.

In September, 1897, Professors H. C. and H. M. Blair severed their connection with the Spokane Business College and established the Blair Business College, at the corner of First avenue and Post street. It was a success from the beginning and enlarged accommodations were necessary in a few months. The daily attendance this year has reached two hundred and fifty and it is constantly growing in favor and efficiency.

During the first year there were two hundred and thirty-one students in attendance, the second year five hundred, and the third year will show a much larger number. The departments are bookkeeping, shorthand, typewriting, penmanship. English, normal, elocution, music, special. A summer normal school of eight weeks is held annually, the principal ha\'ing conducted such a school for ten consecutive years. Faculty : H. C. Blair. A. B., principal, penmanship, English grammar: H. M. Blair, secretary, mathematics; M. M. Higley, master accounts, bookkeeping; E. F. Timberman, penmanship, shorthand, typewriting; Lillie M. Robertson, A. B.. Latin, literature, history; Mrs. Mary E. Gamble, art; E. B. Van Osdel, A. B., assaying: Dr. R. A. Heritage, music ; Francis Wiggins, elocution, shorthand, typewriting.

On May i, 1899. Professor E. H. Thompson withdrew from the Spokane Business College and opened a school in the Powell building, on South Riverside avenue, near the Monroe street bridge, under the name Northwestern Business College. It started out with a goodly number of students and developed rapidly so that in a few months enlarged quarters were necessary. Accordingly the college was moved to 807-809 Second avenue, near Post street. It has continued to grow until the number of students on the roll has reached three hundred and seventeen. The college has four courses of study: commercial, shorthand and typewriting, civil service, normal. Faculty: E. H. Thompson, B. S., principal: Mrs. L. E. Gaston, Pitmanic shorthand: W. H. Tuggle, bookkeeping: Professor F. S. Jackson, LL. B., commercial and parliamentary law : Mrs. E. H. Thompson. Dement Pitmanic shorthand ; Professor A. F. Maxwell. B. S., mathematics and English.

The Lyon Boarding School for Boys was opened here three years ago by Professor James Lyon and wife. It is now located on Arlington Heights. It has enjoyed increased patronage until the spacious building is now nearly full. Pupils may enter any time. During the summer vacation they may accompany Dr. Lyon to his summer home at Mica Bay, Lake Cceur d' Alene, where they will be surrounded with every safeguard.

The Tide Of Humanity

Far inward go, I first beheld the light. As the rushing tides westward pressed Cooled and laved by Jersey's breast, Just so the human tide must go, Rushing high, then ebbing low. By unseen hands still onward pressed Surging, rushing, eddying west, Until the wide expanse of land Teems with men like the countless sand. Away back in 'thirty-eight The tide-wave rushed as far as the lake, Then it turned inward to flow Amid the shores of the Ohio.