Ashland County, Wisconsin

67 topographic sheets cover 25 settlements here, and 32 properties are on the National Register of Historic Places.

Research this county

From the record

32 National Register listings published here.

Sources: the county history on the Internet Archive · the National Register database, National Park Service

Wisconsin within the United States

Ashland County within Wisconsin

What the record shows

268 topographic sheet readings cover the county's settlements.
32 properties here are on the National Register of Historic Places: 20 buildings, 6 sites, 5 districts and 1 structure.
9 of the 32 listings were added during the 1970s.
The Geographic Names Information System records 25 populated places in this county; 25 are covered by at least one topographic sheet.
1 public-domain county history, 1928, supplies 2,087 words of narrative reproduced here.

Places on the National Register

Every property in this county listed on the National Register of Historic Places, with the year it was listed and the federal nomination document.

Property	Type	Listed	Reference
ANTELOPE (schooner-barge) Shipwreck	site	2018	100002610
Apostle Islands Lighthouses	building	1977	77000145
Ashland County Courthouse	building	1982	82000628
Ashland Harbor Breakwater Light	structure	2007	07000103
Bass Island Brownstone Company Quarry	site	1978	78000075
Bass Island Brownstone Company Quarry (Boundary Increase)	site	2016	16000241
Beaser School	building	1980	80000102
Chapple and MacArthur Avenues Residential Historic District	district	2014	14000266
Coole Park Manor	building	2005	05000529
Copper Falls State Park	site	2005	05001425
Ellis School	building	1980	80000103
Fifield Place Historic District	district	2023	100009305
Glidden State Bank	building	2006	06000206
Hadland Fishing Camp	building	1977	77000146
La Pointe Indian Cemetery	site	1977	77001665
La Pointe Light Station	building	1983	83003366
MARQUETTE (shipwreck)	site	2008	08000027
Manitou Camp	building	1983	83003367
Marion Park Pavilion	building	1981	81000032
Mellen City Hall	building	1979	79000341
Memorial Hall	building	1995	95000503
Old Ashland Post Office	building	1974	74000054
Rocky Island Historic District	district	2008	08000016
Rocky Island Historic District	district	2008	08000016
Security Savings Bank	building	1974	74000055
Soo Line Depot	building	1988	88002177
Union Depot	building	1979	79000058
Wakefield Hall	building	1995	95000466
West Second Street Historic District	district	1984	84003619
Wheeler Hall, Northland College	building	1977	77000029
Wilmarth School	building	1980	80000104
Lewis C. and Caroline Wilmarth House	building	2013	12001252

Wildfire, 1992 to 2020

431 fires

Every wildfire the federal occurrence database records inside this county: 431 of them, burning about 513 acres. 21 started naturally and 21 were recorded as arson. Each settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it.

Reported cause	Fires
Debris and open burning	137
Missing data/not specified/undetermined	67
Railroad operations and maintenance	49
Equipment and vehicle use	48
Arson/incendiarism	21
Misuse of fire by a minor	21
Natural	21
Recreation and ceremony	20
Other causes	18
Power generation/transmission/distribution	12
Fireworks	9
Smoking	8

The five largest, by the area the report gives. One of them was set deliberately.

Date	Cause	Size	Reported by	Name on the report
14 April 2012	Fireworks	45 acres	Great Lakes Agency	WHITE RIVER
1 June 2010	Natural	20 acres	Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources	PLUM CREEK FIRE
1 June 2010	Natural	20 acres	Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest	164
21 May 1998	Arson/incendiarism	20 acres	Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources	not named
18 September 2008	Debris and open burning	19 acres	Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources	not named
17 April 2009	Missing data/not specified/undetermined	18 acres	Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources	GILGEN FIRE
29 April 2001	Debris and open burning	17 acres	Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources	not named
8 April 2017	Recreation and ceremony	13 acres	Great Lakes Agency	JOLMA

Every settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it - see the settlement index below.

Storms, 1961 to 2026

60 of 205 shown

The NOAA Storm Events Database holds 205 reports for this county, causing 2 deaths, 3 injuries and about $601,280 in recorded property damage. Each settlement page carries the reports that name it.

Kind of event	Reports
Thunderstorm Wind	101
Hail	70
Flash Flood	13
Tornado	11
Flood	7
Lightning	2
Funnel Cloud	1

The most serious of them, by death, then injury, then recorded damage. The accounts are quoted exactly as the forecast office filed them.

When	Event	Place named	Harm	What the report says
June 2018	Flash Flood	Sandborn	1 killed	A truck went into a ditch on County Truck E just south of County Trunk C in the Township of White River. The roadway was completely underwater and the water in the ditch was 6 to 8 feet in depth. The truck was found unoccupied with the driver side door open. The 75 year old male driver was found deceased 60 feet from the vehicle.
July 2016	Flood	Marengo	1 killed	An 82-year-old man from Marengo was found dead in his pickup truck in the flooded waters along the Marengo River near the Riemer Road Bridge west of Marengo. The exact circumstances of how, when, and where he died are not known, only that he was found a few days after the heavy rains some time early Thursday.
June 2018	Lightning	La Pointe Madeline I	3 hurt	Lightning struck a tree in Big Bay Town Park. The current then traveled through the root system and struck a woman getting into her vehicle, throwing her to the ground. Two men in a tent next to the tree were also struck. The woman and one of the men had minor injuries, but the other man sustained serious burns and was transported off the island for medical treatment.
August 1961	Tornado (F2)	not stated	$250,000	no account filed
June 1999	Thunderstorm Wind	Marengo	$150,000	no account filed
July 2011	Lightning	Ashland	$80,000	no account filed
July 2011	Thunderstorm Wind	Marengo	$50,000	The winds blew down numerous trees. Several homes were damaged from falling trees. There was also some structural damage at the Ashland County fairgrounds.
September 1992	Tornado (F0)	not stated	$25,000	no account filed
July 1980	Tornado (F1)	not stated	$25,000	no account filed
May 2011	Thunderstorm Wind	Butternut	$10,000	There was minor siding damage to a home, a metal barn collapsed, and some trees were blown down along Balsam Lane to the east-southeast of Butternut. The metal barn probably collapsed at a lower wind speed than would normally be expected, given a lack of damage to nearby pine trees. Estimated wind gusts in this area were around 80 mph.
August 2010	Thunderstorm Wind	Odanah	$3,000	Trees were blown down onto roads.
July 2010	Thunderstorm Wind	Mellen	$2,000	Power lines were reported down along U.S. Highway 13.
April 2011	Hail	Odanah	$1,500	Oblong and spiky hail stones up to 3 inches in diameter fell near the town of Odanah.
July 2016	Flash Flood	Ashland	$1,000	The Ashland County Sheriff Office reported nearly all roads across the city of Ashland were under water.
July 2016	Flash Flood	Odanah	$1,000	Flash flooding along the Denomie Creek washed out a portion of Highway 2.
July 2016	Flash Flood	Sanborn	$1,000	Flash flooding along Trout Brook washed out the nearby stretch of Highway 13.
July 2016	Flash Flood	Clam Lake	$1,000	Flash flooding along Frog Creek washed out the nearby stretch of Highway 77.
July 2010	Thunderstorm Wind	Glidden	$500	Large tree branches were blown down.
July 1983	Tornado (F0)	not stated	$250	no account filed
June 1983	Tornado (F0)	not stated	$30	no account filed
April 2026	Thunderstorm Wind	La Pointe Madeline I	-	A gust of 66 mph was recorded by the K4R5 AWOS station at the La Pointe Airport.
May 2025	Thunderstorm Wind	Marengo	-	A photo was received showing the top half of a large spruce tree that had been snapped off along with a large branch downed from another nearby tree.
June 2025	Thunderstorm Wind	Marengo	-	Several trees were snapped and a large portion of roofing material was ripped off of a machine shed.
June 2025	Thunderstorm Wind	Odanah	-	A tree fell onto a powerline causing a power outage.
July 2025	Thunderstorm Wind	Ashland	-	A photo was received showing a tree down in Ashland.
July 2025	Thunderstorm Wind	Clam Lake	-	Multiple trees were down on a road.
July 2025	Thunderstorm Wind	Odanah	-	Eleven trees were down across Bad River reservation roadways that had to be removed by road crews.
June 2024	Thunderstorm Wind	Foster Jct	-	Four trees were down across Highway GG between Clam Lake and Mellen.
April 2023	Flood	Ashland	-	Warm temperatures early in April led to rapid snowmelt of a well above normal snowpack across the region. Additionally, heavy rainfall on top of the snowpack led to additional high runoff across the county as well. Roads began to be impacted on the 11th with water overtopping low spots leading to washouts and failed culverts. Temperatures cooled during the middle of the month along with a heavy snow event the 16th into the 17th. This allowed the runoff to slow and water levels to drop. Numerous road closures were reported across the entire county due to failed culverts, washouts and gravel roads being washed away. Multiple communities issued disaster declarations due to the extent of washed out roads. Copper Falls State Park was also closed for a period due to damaged roads within the park. Damage estimates were not readily available from the county.
July 2023	Thunderstorm Wind	Odanah	-	Trees were down onto powerlines between the casino and Lake Road.
July 2023	Thunderstorm Wind	Ashland	-	Tree limbs eight inches in diameter were knocked down in Ashland.
August 2023	Thunderstorm Wind	La Pointe Madeline I	-	Numerous trees eight to 12 inches in diameter were down along with a power line on Madeline Island.
July 2023	Thunderstorm Wind	Glidden	-	Powerlines were downed in Glidden by the strong winds.
July 2023	Thunderstorm Wind	Ashland	-	A power pole was knocked down and on fire in Ashland.
July 2023	Thunderstorm Wind	Butternut	-	Powerlines were downed in Glidden by the strong winds.
May 2022	Thunderstorm Wind	Ashland Arpt	-	A gust of 59 mph was reported at the KASX ASOS at the Ashland Airport.
May 2022	Thunderstorm Wind	Butternut	-	Half of a maple tree was damaged with a few 2 foot diameter branches broken off.
May 2022	Thunderstorm Wind	Birch	-	Downed trees and power lines were reported from the storm.
September 2021	Thunderstorm Wind	Ashland Arpt	-	A large pine tree was blown over at the spotter's location.
July 2020	Thunderstorm Wind	Ashland Arpt	-	A wind gust to 52 knots was recorded by the Ashland Airport ASOS.
July 2020	Thunderstorm Wind	Agnew	-	Several white and red pine trees were damaged by the winds along with a spruce tree that was uprooted.
July 2020	Thunderstorm Wind	Marengo	-	A tree fell onto a power line during the storm.
July 2020	Thunderstorm Wind	Marengo	-	A tree was downed onto a power line in Marengo.
July 2020	Tornado (EF1)	Sandborn	-	A brief tornado occurred near the community of Sanborn (within the township of White River) near the intersection of County Road E and Petrin Rd/Highway 112. Damage was localized to just a few properties and included a major loss of roof panels of a garage and total collapse of a metal outbuilding.
September 2020	Thunderstorm Wind	Cayuga	-	A tree was downed onto Highway 77.
June 2020	Thunderstorm Wind	Peeksville	-	A dozen ore more healthy trees were downed along Highway 13 between Griffith Road and Neuberger Road north of Butternut.
June 2020	Thunderstorm Wind	Peeksville	-	Trees were downed across Highway 13 south of Peeksville Road.
July 2019	Flash Flood	Odanah	-	Water to a depth of 6 inches was flowing across Maple Street near Kinnickinnic Street and Denomie Creek.
June 2018	Flood	Ashland Arpt	-	The White River near Ashland set a record crest reaching 9.91 feet at 9AM June 17th. This broke the previous record crest of 8.54 feet set on July 12th, 2016.
June 2018	Flash Flood	Sedgwick	-	The Tyler Forks River was flowing quickly over the bridge on Wisconsin Highway 169.
June 2018	Flash Flood	Mellen	-	Five inches of water was over the road on County Highway GG on the west side of Mellon.
July 2018	Hail	Sandborn	-	Nickel-sized hail destroyed a garden.
August 2018	Flash Flood	Odanah	-	Denomie Creek overflowed its banks and was flowing over Maple Street near the Bad River Casino.
July 2018	Thunderstorm Wind	Agnew	-	A large tree was uprooted.
May 2017	Flood	Peeksville	-	Multiple rounds of heavy rain caused the East Fork of the Chippewa River to flood parts of Glidden. Much of the town was under water, flooding homes and low-lying areas in town. County Highway N, east of town, was closed, and many other roads in the area town were closed due to flooding.
July 2016	Thunderstorm Wind	La Pointe Madeline I	-	There were numerous trees down on Stockton Island.
July 2016	Thunderstorm Wind	La Pointe Madeline I	-	There were numerous trees down on Michigan Island.
July 2016	Flash Flood	Ashland	-	The Sheriff office in Ashland County reported nearly every street in the city of Ashland was under water.
July 2016	Thunderstorm Wind	Ashland	-	There were numerous trees down in the city of Ashland. The tree diameters ranged from 8 to 10. Some branches were thrown 100' feet away.
July 2016	Thunderstorm Wind	La Pointe Madeline I	-	There were numerous trees down on Oak Island.

Mines and quarries

100 recorded

The Survey's mineral resources record lists 100 workings inside this county. 10 still produce and 90 are closed or unrecorded. Each settlement page carries the workings within five miles of it.

Commodity	Workings
Sand and Gravel, Construction	84
Iron	11
Nickel, Copper	2
Copper, Nickel	1
Water, Free	1
Stone	1
Stone, Dimension	1

The least common of them first, because a county's hundredth gravel pit says nothing its first ten did not.

Site	Commodity	Status	Recorded
Anderson Pit	Stone	Producer
Ashland Black Granite Quarry	Stone, Dimension	Past Producer
Mellen Prospect	Copper, Nickel	Occurrence
South Butternut Deposit	Iron, Water, Free	Prospect	Surface
Mellen Prospect	Nickel, Copper	Prospect
Mineral Lake Cu-Ni Prospect	Nickel, Copper	Occurrence	Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Cubanite, Marcasite, Niccolite, Pentlandite, Pyrrhotite
Agenda Deposit	Iron	Occurrence
Agenda Deposit	Iron	Prospect	Surface
Berkshire Mine	Iron	Past Producer	1848, 1922, 1924
Berkshire Mine	Iron	Past Producer	1922
Butternut Exploration	Iron	Unknown	Magnetite
Ford Lucas	Iron	Unknown	Magnetite
Michigan Mine	Iron	Unknown	Hematite, Magnetite
Penokee Deposit	Iron	Prospect	1848
South Butternut Deposit	Iron	Occurrence
West Gogebic Taconite Deposit	Iron	Past Producer	1848
Anderson Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Ashland County Highway Dept.	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Producer
Ashland County Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Producer
Ashland County Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Producer
Ashland County Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Producer
Ashland County Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Producer
Ashland County Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Producer
Ashland County Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Producer
Ashland County Sand & Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Ashland County Sand & Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Ashland Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Boch Rd Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Borman Rd Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Bucheger Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Bump Rd Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Butternut Lake Pit #1	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Butternut Lake Pit #2	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Butternut Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Camp Four Creek Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Cayuga Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Cemetery Rd Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Chequamegon National Forest Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
City Creek Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Copper Falls State Park Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Dale Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Dales Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Producer
Devils Creek Gravel Pit #1	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Devils Creek Gravel Pit #2	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Devils Creek Gravel Pit #3	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Devils Creek Gravel Pit #4	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Dingdong Creek Gravel Pit #1	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Dingdong Creek Gravel Pit #2	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Dryden Creek Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
East Fork Chippewa River Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
East Fork Torch River Pit #1	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
East Fork Torch River Pit #2	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
East Fork Torch River Pit #3	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Eder Rd Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Eger Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Engel Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Gates Lake Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Gilgen Rd Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Glidden Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Gordon Lake Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Herman Throm Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Honest John Lake Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Howard Russell Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
John Rybak Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Kickapoo Lodge Inc Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Krans Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Krause Rd Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Landgraf Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Linsmeyer Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Little Clam Lake Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Mellen Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Moose River Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Morgan Creek Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Muskellunge Lake Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Old 13 Rd East Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Old 13 Rd Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Old 13 Rd Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Petroski Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Primax Corporation Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Ralph Hakala Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Roffers Construction Co. Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Producer
Rothsack Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Russell Niemi Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Prospect
Schliss Rd Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Schraum Creek Pit #1	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Schraum Creek Pit #2	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Silver Creek Gravel Pit #1	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Silver Creek Gravel Pit #2	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Spiller Creek Pit #1	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Spiller Creek Pit #2	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Spiller Creek Pit #3	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Spillerberg Creek Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Torrey Lake Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Trout Brook Gravel Pit #1	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Trout Brook Gravel Pit #2	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Upper Clam Lake Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
Vernon Rein Rd Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Waldemar Hanson Sand Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence
York Rd Gravel Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Past Producer
Zielke Rd Pit	Sand and Gravel, Construction	Occurrence

The townships, in 1928

2,087 words

Ashland County, Wisconsin, in the World War, 1917-1919 devotes a chapter to each township: its boundaries and streams, who settled it and when, the mills, the schools and the churches. The one chapter is reproduced here in full. Each row shows the township's own shape and where it lies in the county, drawn from the Census Bureau's boundary. Which settlements belong to which township is computed from that same boundary, not taken from the book.

Shape and position in the county	Township	Settlements in it	Length	Sections
	Butternut Village	Butternut	2,087 words	1

Every populated place in the county

Named settlements recorded in the Geographic Names Information System, each with the topographic sheets covering it. Villages, hamlets and abandoned places alike. Each is shown with the nearest named watercourse or landform and the survey quadrangle it falls on.

Ashland

Ashland city · 54806 · On Bay City Creek · Ashland West quadrangle

13 sheets, 1942 to 1989
Birch

Sanborn town · 54559 · Cedar quadrangle

11 sheets, 1943 to 1989
Butternut

Butternut village · 54514 · Butternut quadrangle

10 sheets, 1940 to 1984
Cayuga

Morse town · 54546 · Morse quadrangle

10 sheets, 1942 to 2005
Clam Lake

Gordon town · 54517 · Clam Lake quadrangle

11 sheets, 1942 to 2005
Foster Junction

Morse town · 54546 · On Rocky Run · Mellen quadrangle

12 sheets, 1942 to 2005
Glidden

Jacobs town · 54527 · On Schraum Creek · Glidden quadrangle

10 sheets, 1942 to 2005
High Bridge

Ashland town · 54846 · High Bridge quadrangle

9 sheets, 1942 to 1984
Holts Landing

Agenda town · 54514 · On Bosner Creek · Hay Creek Flowage quadrangle

10 sheets, 1940 to 1984
La Pointe

54850 · Bayfield quadrangle

10 sheets, 1941 to 1989
Marengo

White River town · 54855 · Marengo quadrangle

11 sheets, 1942 to 1984
Mellen

Mellen city · 54546 · On Montreal Creek · Mellen quadrangle

12 sheets, 1942 to 2005
Middleport

54850 · Bayfield quadrangle

10 sheets, 1941 to 1989
Minersville

Ashland town · 54855 · On Trout Brook · Marengo quadrangle

11 sheets, 1942 to 1984
Morse

Gordon town · 54527 · On Spillerberg Creek · Morse quadrangle

10 sheets, 1942 to 2005
North York

Ashland town · 54846 · Marengo quadrangle

11 sheets, 1942 to 1984
Odanah

Sanborn town · 54806 · On White River · Odanah quadrangle

11 sheets, 1943 to 1989
Old Fort

54850 · Bayfield quadrangle

10 sheets, 1941 to 1989
Peeksville

Peeksville town · 54514 · On Nelson Creek · Peeksville quadrangle

9 sheets, 1942 to 1984
Petes Landing

Agenda town · 54514 · Hay Creek Flowage quadrangle

10 sheets, 1940 to 1984
Sanborn

White River town · 54856 · On Troutmere Creek · Sanborn quadrangle

11 sheets, 1942 to 1984
Shanagolden

Shanagolden town · 54527 · On Dryden Creek · Shanagolden quadrangle

11 sheets, 1942 to 2005
Tannery Town

Mellen city · 54546 · On City Creek · Mellen quadrangle

12 sheets, 1942 to 2005
White City

Mellen city · 54546 · On Devils Creek · Mellen quadrangle

12 sheets, 1942 to 2005
White River

Gingles town · 54806 · On Deer Creek · Ashland East quadrangle

11 sheets, 1942 to 1989

Provenance

Topographic sheets. USGS Historical Topographic Map Collection, county index, measured from the bulk metadata.
Fire insurance maps. Library of Congress Sanborn collection, faceted to this county.
Photographs. Each place queried individually against the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs search.
Wildfire. Short, Karen C. 2022. Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2020 [FPA_FOD_20221014]. 6th Edition. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2013-0009.6 Collected with United States Government funding and usable without additional permissions or fees.
Mines and quarries. USGS Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS) https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mrds/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105.
Storms. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/stormevents/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105. Narratives are quoted verbatim from the National Weather Service report and are not edited or summarised.