Dane County, Wisconsin - Chapter with an unread heading (no. 5 of those read), 1880 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter with an unread heading (no. 5 of those read)

Ella Wheeler, a resident of the town of Westport, Dane County, stands at the head of the poets of Wisconsin. She has written "Drops of Water, " Shells," and " Maurine"' - three distinct poetical works. The first named has been re-published in London and in Australia. Her contributions, both in poetry and prose, are to be seen in all the leading magazines of America. Her poetical genius is recognized at home and abroad, as of the highest order.

John Nader, a resident of Madison, has in press a work of much merit, on " The Tides." Mr. Nader has published several pamphlets of a scientific character, and has contributed many articles to the periodical press upon scientific subjects.

Mrs. Dr. William H. Fox, of Oregon, has recently published under the now, de phm of Toler King, a novel entitled " Rose O'Connor." Mrs. Fox is an able and entertaining writer.

J. B. Pradt came to Sheboygan in 1856, and to Madison in 1860, where he has since resided, except for two years. Mr. Pradt has presented numerous addresses, reports and papers before the State Teachers'Association, the first in 1857, on Moral and Religious Instruction in Public Schools, the last on the Kindergarten, in 1880. He has frequently lectured before Teachers' Institutes and other audiences, and among others on the following subjects : "The English Language," "The Conservative and Progressive," "The Two Orders of Intellect," "The Arctic Regions,". " The Two Methods of Teaching." He issued five volumes of the Wisconsin Journal of Education, as editor and publisher, 1860-65 ; and has been co-editor and / publisher with successive State Superintendents, in theissueofthelastten volumes of the same publication, 1870-1880. As Assistant State Superintendent, he has taken part in the preparation of twelve annual reports, from the office of the State Superintendent, and of S, school edition of the Constitution of the United States and that of Wisconsin. In 1874, he issued a pamphlet touching the election of a Bishop for the Protestant Episcopal Church in Wisconsin.

William H. Rosenstengel, Professor in the University of Wisconsin, is the author of nearly all of the articles on literature in Klemm's History of German Literature. He has published " Lessons in German Grammar ;" also, a work on " Irregular Verbs." He has in manuscript a " German Scientific Reader " and a " German Classical Reader." He has corresponded extensively with German papers in this country and Germany, and has had considerable experience as an editor.

0. M. Conover is a resident of Madison. In 1850, he edited in that city The Northwestern Journal of Education, Science and Q-eneral Literature. In 1864, he became Official Reporter of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin. Thirty-three volumes, beginning with No. XVI of the reports of that court, have each his name as Official Reporter, upon its title-page. With four exceptions, these have all been prepared exclusively by him and printed under his supervision. To the outside world, literary work of such a nature must, of necessity, be but little known. Not so, however, to the bench and bar - and especially to the bench and bar of Wisconsin, who highly appreciate the legal as well as literary ability displayed in the preparation, arrangement, and publication of these reports.

Arthur B. Braley, Municipal Judge of Dane County, is the author of numerous popular and very excellent commentaries on most of the plays of Shakespeare. These have been

-Amongthe authors of Dane County not mentioned in this article are William B. Slaughter, John Y. Smith, Stephen H.Carpent»,J»" B. Fenlingand W. J. L. Nicodemus. Particulars of the literary career of each of these men will be found in the biographical sketcnes oi lu » in the article entitled " Some of Dane County's Distinguished Dead." - Ed.

published in different newspapers in Wisconsin, and have been widely read. Other contributions to local periodicals by him evince a high order of talent as a writer.

James C. Watson, Professor of Astronomy in the University of Wisconsin, and Director of the Washburn Observatory, has published, besides astronomical charts, a " Popular Treatise on Comets" (1860), and "Theoretical Astronomy" (1868).

Pbof. David B. Feakenburger, of thc^University of Wisconsin, is the author of some excellent poetry. Of his published poems, those read before the literary societies and the Alumni Association of the University of Wisconsin are the longest. That he should have been thrice selected in seven years by the graduates of the institution, as poet, is a most emphatic recognition of his talents in courting the muses. His first poem read before the association (1870) was entitled "My Old Home on a Rainy Day; " the second (1871), " The Bells that hung at Bethlehem; " and the third (1877), " Our Welcome Home^To the Alumni."

In his less pretentious efforts, there are many thoughts very beautiful indeed. Several are noticed in a poem published in June, 1870, entitled, "Like Vapor it Passeth Away " - lines dedicated to the memory of a young man accidentally killed while hunting on the banks of Dead Lake, Wisconsin. Says the writer :

After the particulars of the event are related, the anguish of the mother, upon hearing the terrible news, is thus left to the imagination of the reader :

" Draw the curtains in close, tread soft on the floor, Tie up the bell's tongue, hang crape on the door, Let the sad-hearted mourners their lone watches keep, For loved ones must die, and mothers must weep."

The following strikingly beautiful and highly poetic passage is to be found in his last poem before the Alumni of the University - " Our Welcome Home : "

" There is nothing dead in this world of ours ; The rock has life as well as the flowers ; The atoms are prisoned, but living still, Are waiting the call of a forming will ; ' And the humble place they hold this hour,

Shall be changed in the next to one of power. Unlocked by the tread of our hasty feet, In the bloom of flower and fruit shall meet ; For back of rock and bird and tree, Throbs the same great heart of Deity."

Charles Noble Gregory, a resident of Madison, has written mainly for the Chicago Tribune and the New York Evening Post. He writes mostly in verse. His poems have been extensively copied by the leading papers and periodicals of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, St. Louis and San Francisco. He is an earnest student of Wordsworth and the German poets, but his style is essentially his own. The following exquisite verses from his pen remind one very forcibly of Thomas Buchanan Read's " Closing Scene," in their " tranquil beauty " and " dreamy thoughts : "

" One crimson branch flames 'mid the maple-wood ; One red le»f hides amid the woodbine's green ; And clean-raked fields lie bare, where lately stood The tawny grain amid the summer's scene.

" Only the wild fowl, winging o'er its breast. Ripples the water tinged with sunset dyes ; Or one light zephyr, stealing from the West, Kisses the dimpling wave before it dies.

" Blue gentians show 'mid meadow-grasses sere. And, from the stubble, shrill the crickets sing ; A requiescat o'er the failing year All sounds seem sadly cnorusing.

" Peaceful the thoughts these quiet hours invite, When e'en the restless wind forgets to stir ; Happy this month, since all the ripe delight Of summer, softly tempered, follows her ;

" Save that the heart, amid the silence, hears Voices of yearning hope and mem'ry speak, Until the mist of inadvertent tears Clouds o'er the musing eye, and stains the cheek."

Pbof. W. W. Daniels, of the University of Wisconsin, has written " The Chemistry of Bread Making," published in the transactions of the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society for 1870 ; " Some of the Relations of Science to Agriculture," delivered before an agricultural convention in Madison, Wis., 1871 ; " Laws of Heredity Applied to the Improvement of Dairy Cows," before the Northwestern Dairymen's Association at Elgin, 111., January 17, 1872; "Some of the Wants of American Farmers," Monroe County (Wisconsin) Fair, same year; " The Conservation of Forces Applied to the Feeding, Watering and Sheltering of Farm Stock," Northwestern Dairymen's Association, January, 1873 ; " Industrial Education," before an Agricultural Convention, Madison, 1873; "Hard Times - a Cause and a Remedy," State Fair, Milwaukee, September 8, 1874; "Objects and Methods of Soil Cultivation," StateAgricultural Convention of Wisconsin, 1875 ; " Chemical Principles of Stock-feeding," Wisconsin Dairymen's Association, January, 1877 ; " Health in Farmer's Homes," State Agricultural Convention of Wisconsin, 1878. Most of these addresses, as indicated by their titles, treated of the applications of science to' agriculture.

Prof. Daniels is a member of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters ; he haa read before it several papers of marked ability ; one on the " Results of the Analysis of Certain Ores and Minerals;" another on the "Absorption of Arsenic by the Human Liver;" a third on the " Results of the Analyses of Catlinite (pipe stonej, from Minnesota and Wisconsin ;" and a fourth on the " Retardation of the Wind in the Wisconsin Tornadoes of May 23, 1878. Prof Daniels has also written an able and interesting paper on these tornadoes, which is published in the report of the Regents of the University of Wisconsin for 1878, so much of which as relates to the county of Dane, being reproduced in the next chapter of this work. Accompanyipg these "Investigations" is an accurate map of the tracks of the wind. Three plates illustrate the subject. He is also the author of an article on " Agriculture in Wisconsin," which is reproduced in the preliminary part of this history.

John C. Fkkbman, now a Professor in the University of Wisconsin, published in 1872, an edition of Xenophon's Memorabilia ; also the same year the Dialogues of Lucian. Prof. Freeman was one year the editor of a literary joutnal - the Michigan Magazine. He has contributed quite extensively to educational and political papers.

Charlotte Eliza Lewis was born in Carbondale, Luzerne Co., Penn., on the 23d day of November, 1836. She was educated in the common schools of Battle Creek, Mich., and in Miss Lapham's Female Seminary of the same place. She was married to Henry M. Lewis, on the 1st day of September, 1857, in Madison, Wis., where she still resides.

Mrs. Lewis commenced writing for the press in 1870. Her first contributions were published in the WiBcon%in Farmer, relating largely to horticulture. She has since corresponded with the. Maryland Farmer, the Fruit and Flower Magazine, Washington, D. C, and the Western Rural - all on the same subject. Several articles have also appeared from her pen, mostly on rural matters. A few charming stories for children written by her have appeared in the Young Folks' Monthly, Chicago. Her writings are characterized by a sweet simplicity, coupled with an elegance and clearness of diction that interests and pleases the reader.

Pkof. Kerr, of the University of Wisconsin, though not a writer of books, has not been "silent" with his pen. His writings, as might be expected, have been largely upon educational topics ; for the professor is essentially an educationalist. His style is clear and vigorous ; his periods are well turned; his thoughts fresh and strong ; his imagination vivid and far reaching. With such a cast of mind, he could not refrain at times, if he would, from courting " the muses fair;" and, that he has done this effectively, the following brief extract, from, a poem entitled " Atlantis," abundantly shows :

-' Back in those shadowy halls of time, Where passed a retinue sublime, Marching with such a sounding tread That the long echo is not dead Tho' twice a thousand years haye fled, Since wept for them the fair and young - Since mournfully the cypress hung Above them its funereal bough - Earth had her dreaming sons as now. They were the men who could discern The golden years once more return ; And in their dream of rapture, they Forgot the miseries of to-day."

There runs through many of his poetic effusions a delicateness of feeling that is really attractive ; as, for example, in these verses from a poem entitled

Oolleqe Days

" Let US turn to those happy days of ours That were fresh with the odor and bloom of flowers; Let us look through the hazy atmosphere That OTer them hangs like a mist on the mere.

" Those college days, they were wondrous fair ! - They were free from the haunting visage of care; Free from the bitter draughts, we drink ; As we sit by the wayside of life to think.

" As wanderers on a distant shore Dream of a home they shall visit no more, And fix on the sea their longing gaze, Thus turn we to our college days."

Professor Kerr has contributed liberally tD the periodical press of Wisconsin. Several educational addresses of his have also been published.

J. W. Sterling, Vice President of the University of Wisconsin and Professor in that institution ever since its first organization, has written some excellent addresses and baccalaureate sermons, which have been printed. A paper on " The Protection of Life and Property from Lightning," read before the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society in 1874, was afte^ ward highly commended by Prof. Henry, of the Smithsonian Institution.

Ella A. Giles is a resident of the city of Madison. Her contributions to various periodicals are numerous. She is thi author of three works of fiction:, "Bachelor Ben" " Out from the Shadows," and " Maiden Rachel." These novels are well written and popular. Miss Giles takes high rank among American authors.

0. A. Wright, Secretary of the State Board of Charities and Reform, is now a resident of the city of Madison. An "Analysis of the Constitution of Wisconsin," and an "Analysis of the Constitution of the United States," are his principal works.

Sara C. Bull, wife of the late world-renowned Ole Bull, has translated Jonas Lie's " The Pilot and His Wife," and " The Barque Future." Mrs. Bull has her home in Madison, She is now engaged upon a third translation from Lie's works, "The Man of Second Sight." These books indicate on the part of the translator much genius and learning.

J. W. HoYT, now Governor of the Territory of Wyoming, a resident of Madison for many years, is a prolific and vigorous writer. His works consist of thirteen annual reports of the State Agricultural Society, and other reports on the " Resources and Progress of Wisconsin;" on the " London International Exhibition ;" on the "Paris Exposition Universelle ;" on the " Railroad Commission ;" a report as Chairman of the National University Committee ; a work on " University Progress," and numerous monographs, industrial, educational and scientific.

John Bascom, President of the University of Wisconsin, is an able and voluminous writer. His first work was upon "Political Economy," printed in 1859. He has since published "Esthetics," 1862; "Philosophy of Rhetoric," 1865; "The Principles of Psychology," 1869; "Science, Philosophy and Religion," 1871; "Philosophy of English Literature/' 1874; "A Philosophy of Religion," 1876; "Comparative Psychology," 1878; "Ethics," 1879; "Natural Theology," 1880 ; and "Science of the Mind," in preparation.

Dr. Bascom's contributions to the periodical press have been numerous. They may be grouped under the general heads of metaphysics, social and economic questions, reviews, popular essays, sermons, and agricultural addresses. The subjects discussed take an extended range. From January, 1866, to October, 1875, there were published from his pen, in the Bibliothm Sacra, not less than nineteen articles ; including among others, " Intuitive Ideas " and "Utilitarianism," in 1866; "Conscience" and "Cause and Efiect," 1867; "The Human Intellect," 1870; "Instinct," 1871; "The Influence of the Press" and "The Influence of the Pulpit," , 1872; "The Nation" and "Taine's English Literature, 1873; "Prof Albert Hopkins'; and "Consciousness," in 1875. To the same periodical were communicated by him from October, 1867, to October, 1869, seven articles on the "Natural Theology of the Social Sciences." ^_ In the liforth American Review for April, 1857, appeared " Hickok's Empirical Psychology;' m the New Englander, October, 1862, " The Laws of Political Economy in their Moral Rela-^ tions;" and, in April of that year, in the same periodical, a "Review of Buckle's History of Civilization." To the Presbyterian Review, Prof. Bascom contributed, in 1866, "The relations of Intuitions to Thought and Theology;" in 1869, "Consciousness: What is It?' In 1870, "Inspiration and the Historic Element in the Scriptures;" in July, 1871, " Darwin s Theory ; " in July, 1872, " Evolution." In December, 1869, in Putnam's Magazine, appeared a paper from his pen, entitled " The Foci of the Social Ellipse." Five of his agricultural addresses have been published, and eleven of his sermons ; of the latter, seven are baccalaureate.

Prof. Edward A. Birge, of the University of Wisconsin, published in 1878, in the transactions of the "Wisconsin Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters," "Notes on Cladocera." He has in manuscript, the "Development of Panopoeus Sayi." Both these are papers on Crustacea; though technical, they are ably written.

Lyman 0. Dbapek, Corresponding Secretary of the State Historical Society, has edited Tfith ability eight volumes of the collections of that institution. He prepared in 1869, aided by W. A. Oroffut, a work of over eight hundred pages, called " The Helping Hand : An American Home Book for Town and Country, Devoted to Farming Matters, Stock, Fruit Culture and Domestic Economy." This work has been printed, but has not yet been put in general circulation. In 1875, he completed, and has in manuscript a work on " The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence." He and C. W. Butterfield, in 1876, completed "Border Forays and Adventures " which has not yet been published. During the present year (1880), he has written "King's Mountain and Its Heroes." He has also written several pamphlets and two elaborate school reports.

J. E. Davibs, Professor in the University of Wisconsin, and a member of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, has read before the last-mentioned institution papers which have been printed in its transactions as follows : (1) " On Potentials, and their Application to Physical Science ; " (2) " Recent Progress in Theoretical Physics ; " (3) " The Magnetic Rotary Polarization of Light" - a continuation, in reality, of the paper last mentioned. These contributions not only evince careful thought upon the subjects they discuss, but also comprehensiveness in the study of science generally. An article contributed to the State Board of Health of Wisconsin, by Prof Davies, upon " The Value of Vital Statistics," is a very able paper.

Prof. Davies is an active co-laborer \ upon the United States Coast Survey. He has sent to the Superintendent of this work at Washington twenty-three manuscript volumes of records of horizontal angles of the trigonometrical survey of Wisconsin ; fourteen volumes of vertical angles ; ten volumes of records of measurement of the triangulation base line near Spring Green, Wis. ; two volumes of records of ordinary levels ; two volumes of reconnaissance for the triangulation of Wisconsin ; two volumes of descriptions of stations selected as triangulation points in Wisconsin ; five volumes of computations ; making in all fifty-eight manuscript volumes. He has nearly ready for the press a translation of a treatise on "Elliptic Functions."

H. A. Tennby, a resident of the town of Madison, an old-time editor in Wisconsin, has written a genealogy of the Tenney family ; also several historical sketches of value. He has long contemplated a volume to be entitled " Early Humor in Wisconsin," and has this year (1880) written, in conjunction with David Atwood, a " Memorial Record of the Fathers of Wisconsin."

J. B. Parkinson, Professor in the University of Wisconsin, has prepared several papers, which have been published, notably a very able one read before the Wisconsin State Agricultural Convention, in 1873, on "Production and Consumption, Demand and Supply." He has prepared courses of lectures upon " International Law and English Constitutional Law; " also partial courses upon "American Constitutional Law and Political Economy." None of these have been published. His article, entitled " Wealth, Capital and Credit," read before the Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, in 1880, is a valuable contribution to science.

David Atwood, editor of the State Journal, Madison, besides many years of editorial work upon that paper, has written the following, which have been printed : " Annual Address before the Wisconsin Editorial Convention, in 1866 ; " " History of the Dane County Press," in 1865 ; ''Life and Character of L. P. Harvey," for the State Historical Society, in 1862; "Life and Character of B. F. Hopkins," in 1870 ; " Life and Character of George B. Smith," in 1879, for the State Historical Society; " Memorial Record of the Fathers of Wisconsin," with H. A. Tenney, in 1880.

, , William F. Allen, of the University of Wisconsin, wrote, in conjunction with his brother, T. P. Allen, the "Classical Hand-B^ok," which was published in 1861. He and Mother brother, J. H. Allen, in' 1868 and the year following, gave to the schools of the county the "Manual Latin Grammar," "Latin Lessons," and a "Latin Reader." "Latin ^composition," a work of his own, was published in 1870. Associated with his brother last named and with Prof. J. B. Greenough, of Harvard, he has edited " Select Orations of Cicero,"

1873 ; " Cicero de Senectute," 1873 ; " Gai Salvsti Crispi de Catilinae Conivratione," 1874 - " Pvbli Virgili Maronis Bvcolica : Aeneidos I-VI," 1874; "Gai Ivli Caesaris de Bello Galileo," 1874; "Pvbli Ovidi Nasonis Poemata Qvaedam Excerpta," 1875. For all these, the particular work of Prof. Allen has been the furnishing of historical and antiquarian matter. The philological and grammatical portions were written by Prof. Greenough, while the general editing was attended to by Prof. J. H. Allen.

To general literature, Prof. Allen, associated with C. P. Ware and Lucy M. Garrison, gave, in 1867, a unique volume, unpretending in size, entitled " Slave Songs of the United States."

Prof. Allen has written much for reviews. Notable among his contributions to periodicals of that class are: "Recent German Works on Roman History," 1857, in the North American Review; " Rawlinson's Herodotus," Christian Examiner, 1859; "Slavery in Rome," North American Review, 1860 ; " The Future of the South," 1862; "Democracy on Trial," 1863; "The Freedmen and Free Labor in the South," 1864; "South Carolina," 1865; "The American Executive," 1866 ; " Our Colleges," 1867 - all to be found in the columns of the Christian Examiner. In 1871, he contributed to the North American Review " The Religion of Ancient Greece; " and, in the same year, to the Christian Examiner, " The Caucus System." He has been a constant contributor to the Nation almost since its establishment. We find in Hours at Home, in 1870, "A Day with a Roman Gentleman; " and, in 1871, in the North American Review, " The Religion of the Ancient Romans," probably the ablest of all his papers given to the press.

In Prof. Allen's published address upon "Agriculture in the Middle Ages," delivered on the 8th of February, 1877, before the Wisconsin State Agricultural and Horticultural Convention, in Madison, are to be found not only practical thoughts upon agriculture but a number of interesting historical references bearing upon that subject. He has read before the Wisconsin Academy of Science, Art and Letters, papers on " The Rural Population of England as Classified in Domesday Book ; " " The Rural Classes of England in the Thirteenth Century;" "United States Sovereignty: Whence Derived and When Vested ; " "Peasant Communities in France," and "The Origin of the Freeholders." He has just published a new edition of " The Agricola of Tacitus."

Charles George Mayers, of Madison, is the author of two dramas - " The Three Crosses " and " Waves " - besides several smaller pieces. " Waves " was brought out at Wallacl's Theater in New York in 1877. He is a ready and easy prose writer, and is also the author of a few poems. He read the poem at the meeting of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee, at Toledo, in 1873. The reading was frequently interrupted by enthusiastic applause by the large audience assembled at Wheeler's Opera House. He has completed three of a series of what he calls " The Songs of the Lakes." From one of these poems, entitled "Mendota," an extract has been given in a previous chapter.

A. C. Pennock, a resident of the city of Madison, has published " The Fall and Rescue of Man." Mr. Pennock has also written and published " The Problem of Evil, or Theory and Theology." A volume of poetry written by him has not yet been given to the public.

James D. Butler, a resident of Madison, was born in Rutland, Vt., March 15, 1815, graduating at Middlebury College, in that State, in 1836. Among his publications, besides a collection of fugitive poems, are " Nebraska : its Characteristics and Prospects," " Incentives to Mental Culture among Teachers," " Naming of America," "A Defense of Classical Studies," " Scenes in the Life of Christ," " Catalogue of Coins and Medals," " Armsmear," " Prehistoric Wisconsin," "Nebraska in 1877" and "American Pre-Revolutionary Bibliography." He has also written many articles for the Bihliotheoa Sacra and other periodicals.

Prof. Roland D. Irving, of the University of Wisconsin, and Assistant State Geologist, has given to the world, in the " Geology of Wisconsin " (Vol. II), the results of his survey of the central portions of the State, in 1875 and following years. His report forms Part III of that work. It treats of (1) " Surface features of Central Wisconsin ; " (2) " General Geological Struct- ure of Central Wisconsin ; " (3) " The Archaean Rocks ; " (4) " The Lower Silurian Rocks ; ' ' and (5) " Quaternary Deposits." Of especial interest in this valuable contribution to the geology of the country, are the minute discussions of the river system of Central Wisconsin ; a careful study of the interesting kaolin deposits in Wood County, an exhaustive discussion of the isolated Archaean areas including the Baraboo Ranges ; the discrimination of the Mendota and Madison limestones, and the location of the outline of the drift area. Prof. Irving's report is the only comprehensive one ever made upon the geology of Central Wisconsin. It is well written and has received marked attention from scientists generally.

The direction of the geological survey of Wisconsin was placed in charge of Prof. T. C, Chamberlin, of Beloit College, in February, 1876 - the commissioned assistants retaining their connection therewith as before. Prof. Irving, besides some work in Central Wisconsin, continued his examination of the iron and copper-bearing series of Ashlaad County, begun in 1873. For the next season, it was planned that his careful, detailed magnetic and geological survey in the vicinity of Penokee Gap should be continued eastwaid to the Potato River. For the year 1878, Prof. Irving was occupied, during that portion of his time given to the geological survey, in the completion of a final report on the " Geology of'Northern Wisconsin." This appears in the "Geology of Wisconsin" (Vol. III). It is of equal value, if not superior, to his report on Central Wisconsin.

Prof. Irving has contributed a number of able articles to the American Journal of Science and Arts (Silliman's) : (1) "' On the Age of Quartzites, Schists, and Conglomerates of Sauk County, Wisconsin," February, 1872; (2) "Note on the Age of the Metamorphic Rocks of Portland, Dodge County, Wisconsin," April, 1873 ; (3) '' On the Age of the Copper-Bearing Rocks of Lake Superior," July, 1874; (4) "Note on Some New Points in the Elementary Stratification of the Primordial and Canadian Rocks of South Central Wisconsin," June, 1875; (5) "Note on the Youngest Huronian Rocks South of Lake Superior," June, 1876 ; (6) " On the Age of the Crystalline Rocks in Wisconsin," April, 1877 ; (7) " Origin of the Driftless Region of the Northwest," April, 1878 ; (8) " Stratigraphy of the Huronian Rocks of Lake Superior."

As a member of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, Prof. Irving has contributed to its " Transactions " several papers of merit : (1) " On Some Points in the Geology of Northern Wisconsin ; " (2) " On a Hand Specimen, Showing the Exact Junction of the Primordial Sandstones and Huronian Schists ;" (3) " On the Occurrence of Gold and Silver in Minute Quantities in Quartz from Clark County, Wisconsin." A contribution by him, reproduced in the preliminary part of this history, on the " Mineral Resources " of the State, is a valuable and highly interesting article. Prof. Irving has also published, in Volume VIII of " The Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineering," an essay on the mineral resources of Wisconsin.

Rasmus B. Anderson, Professor in the University of Wisconsin, is, for his age, one of the most prolific writers of the country. As a contributor to the periodical press and as an author of books for general reading, no other citizen of Wisconsin has gained a more extended reputation.

His first contributigns to the press were made in 1865, at the age of nineteen. Since then, he has written extensively for newspapers'and magazines, published in the Norwegian language, in the United States and Norway. Tt^ese articles are, to some extent,. upon history and bellesi i^'it' ''"' ^^'^ '^'"S*"" portion are pdemic. Among these .contributions are to be found " Runer ;" ' J^olkefrihedens Vugge stod i Norge;" " C. ,C. Rafn - Biografisk Skizze ;" " Oplysningens JNytte 1 timelig Henseende," and numerous othlij-s of recognized ability.

In the English language. Prof. Anderson has supplied papers to be found in the Atlantic monthly, the Nation, the Christian at Work, Inland Monthly, Frank Leslies Sunday Magazine, Mobinson's Epitome of Literature, the Library Table, and others ; to the English press, tti icles to be found in various periodicals, especially in the London Academy. His contribulons to the daily papers, East and West, in the United States, have been numerous. His con- nection with " Osszehasonlito Irodalomtortenelmi Lapok"* has been interesting and quite extensive. This polyglot journal is published by the professors of the Royal University of Hungary. In it, he has published a number of articles both in poetry and in prose. It is a periodical circulating among scholars in every quarter of the globe.

Prof. Anderson began his successful and enviable career as an author of books, by eivins to the world, in 1872, " Julegave " - a work in Norwegian. It is a collection of Norse folk-lore stories, and has reached its third edition.

In 1874, Prof. Anderson published another Norwegian book - his second effort for public favor. The work was entitled " Den Norske Maalsag" - it being an account of the movement to restore a national language in Norway.

Prof. Anderson now entered upon a larger field of literature, which he has since cultivated with even more success than the other. His first book in the English language was "America not Discovered by Columbus;" third edition, in 1877. This work has been received with marked attention at home and abroad. This history is an attempt to place (what the author believes to be) the facts of the Norse discovery of America in the tenth century, within the reach of all ; and to show, by a chain of circumstantial evidence, that Columbus, before sailing upon his famous voyage in 1492, was in possession of knowledge of the Norse discovery. The book has been twice translated into the Norwegian language - once, into modern Norwegian, and again into the tongue advocated by the author's " Maalsag."

In 1875, Prof. Anderson published his " Norse Mythology." This is his largest work, and the one upon which rests, to a great extent, his excellent literary reputation. It is an exhaustive and systematic presentation of the Odinic religion of the old Teutons, based on the Icelandic Eddas and Sagas. Few books have been more extensively or more generously noticed by the press of America. In Europe, its reception has been equally cordial. English, French, German and Scandinavian journals gave it, and are still giving it, elaborate and most favorable notices. It is now being translated into Italian by the Italian poet, Thomasso Canizzaro, oi Messina, Sicily, and will be published in 1881, in Milan.

Prof. Anderson's " Viking Tales of the North " was issued from the press in 1877. It is a literary study of Tegner's celebrated Fridthjof's Saga, giving, in an English translation, the Saga material, out of which Tegner fashioned his poem, giving, furthermore, an introduction on Saga literature, also a biography of Tegner, and, by way of an appendix, Prof. Stephen's English translation of the poem, the whole carefully annotated by Prof. Anderson.

Prof. Anderson published, in December, 1879, " The Younger Edda," which contains more of that ancient work than any previous translation into any language, and whose preface, introduction, vocabulary and explanatory notes combine to enhance its worth. His latest work was the introduction of over fifty pages to Auber Forestier's translation of Janson's " Spell Bound Fiddler," containing more about Ole Bull thaii has ever before been published in English.

Prof. Anderson is now at work upon a book to be entitled '' Violins and Violin-Makers, all the notes for which were taken down by him from the lips of Ole Bull. He has in hand, also, a translation from Icelandic of the "Elder Edda" in two volumes, "A Guide into Teutondom" (one volume), and " Folk-lore Stories, from the Norse " (one volume). He has, likewise, other literary enterprises under way, prominent among which are an English Version of the Finnish national' epic, " Kalevala," and an extensive and thorough study of the Magyar poet Petofi, whom he hopes soon to introduce to the English-speaking public.

The chief of Prof. Anderson's prose translations is " Charcoal Burners," from the Swedish. This work was annotated and published in the English language by Prof. Nicodem us, lately deceased. From the Norwegian, Prof. Anderson has translated for the Smithsonian Institution, among other articles, an account of the Norwegian North Sea exploration, by Prof. George 0. Sars. He has translated a large number of poems from Norwegian, Swedish and Icelandic.

Some have been printed in musical publications, one in Longfellow's " Poems of Places," several in the Hungarian Journal of Oomparative Literature, others in various periodicals at home and

Prof. Anderson has published a number pf pamphlets in English and Norwegian upon various subjects. One of these, entitled " The Scandinavian Languages ; their Historical, Linguistic, Literary and Scientific Value," is worthy of especial mention. Besides his numerous other literary labors, he has charge, as assistant editor, of the department of pre-Columbian history in the American Antiquarian. He has under his supervision, also, the Scandinavian department of McClintock & Strong's Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature and of Kiddle & Schem's Cyclopedia, of Education, and has contributed articles' to Johnson's Cyclopedia. His books have been extensively quoted by writers on American history, on Northern literature and on mythology.

D. S. DuKKiE, Librarian of the State Historical Society, has written several works. His books are: "A Genealogical History of John and George Steele, and their Descendants;" "A Genealogical History of the Holt Family in the United States;" "An Alphabetical Index to American Genealogies and Pedigrees; " "A History of Madison, the Capital of Wisconsin;" ''An Illustrated History of the State of Missouri," with Walter B. Davis; "An Illustrated History of the State of Iowa," with Charles R. Tuttle. Besides these volumes, he has written several pamphlets: "The Utility of the Study of Genealogy; "The Early Outposts of Wisconsin - Green Bay and Prairie du Chien;" and "The Twenty- fifth Anniversary of the Organization of the Madison Presbyterian Church." Mr. Durrie has contributed to the Collections of the State Historical Society an article on " Jonathan Carver and the Carver Tract," and two or three biographical sketches of deceased persons. He is the author of " The Public Domain," one of the preliminary articles of this history. Tuttle's " History of Wisconsin " was mostly written by Mr. Durrie.

Among the writings of other Dane County authors may be mentioned " Wisconsin Gazetteer" (1853), and "Almanac and Register" (1856 and 1857), by J. W. Hunt; "Centennial Records of the Women of Wisconsin," by Anna B. Butler, Emma C. Bascom and Katharine F. Kerr; "Wisconsin and Her Resources," by James Ross; " From Wisconsin to California and Return," by James Ross and George Geary ; " Military History of Wisconsin," by E. Quiner; "Wisconsin Supreme Court Reports," (three volumes, with sketch of the History of the Territorial Supreme Court), by S. U. Pinney ; " Western Portraiture," by Daniel S. Curtiss ; "Five Hundred Political Texts," by S. D. Carpenter; " Health of Wisconsin," by Dr. Joseph Hobbins, reproduced among the preliminary articles of this history ; various contributions to periodicals, by Mrs. A. R. Jones; some excellent poetry published in local newspapers, by Mary O'Sheridan; "Wisconsin Railroads," and " Commerce and Manufactures," by H. H. Giles, reproduced among the preliminary articles of this book ; a number of fugitive poems, liook reviews, magazine articles and translations, by Laura H. Feuling, library attendant at the University of Wisconsin ; numerous pamphlets and sketches, by Prof. F. A. Schmidt, President of the Norwegian Lutheran Seminary, and " A Genealogy of the Descendants of Peter Vilas," by C. H. Vilas.

C. W. BoTTEREiELD, a resident of Madison, is one among the few authors in the great I central West, whose efforts in historical writing tend in a marked degree to elevate the standard I of American literature. In 1847, he wrote a history of Seneca County, Ohio, which was published the year following. It was really the first strictly county history ever issued in separate book form west of the Alleghany Mountains. While engaged in the practice of the law, he found time to write a treatise on punctuation, which was published in 1858, and highly commended for the accuracy of its definitions, the clearness of its arrangement, and the perspicuity of Its language. In 1878, an abridgment of the book was nublished, especially adapted to the . wants of common schools. In 1873, was issued from the p'ress of Robert Clarke & Co., Cincinnati, Mr. Butterfield's well-known monograph, "An Historical Account of the Expedition against Sandusky, under Col. William Crawford, in 1782." The work proved a great success. ew books of its class have been received with more general interest and favor. It reveals to the reader, in picturesque language, one of the most absorbing as well as the most startling chapters in American annals. In 1876, he wrote, with Lyman 0. Draper, of Madison, a work made up of romantic passages in our country's history, which is replete with accounts of border forays, conflicts and incidents. In the spring of 1877, he published " The Washington- Crawford Letters (Robert Clarke & Co., Cincinnati), a valuable contribution to the early history of the trans- Alleghany country. This volume was also received with marked favor by the press, in the East as well as in the West. In the fall of 1877, Mr. Butterfield completed for an illustrated atlas of Wisconsin, a brief history of the State - the leading article in the work. It is reproduced in this liistory as the first of the preliminary articles. He has since written "'The Washington Irvine Letters," another " addition to the Revolutionary annals of our country, of special value. His annotations are drawn from a great variety of sources in the United States, and from the State paper office in England. Mr. Butterfield wrote, in 1878-79, "The History and Biographical Annals of the University of Wisconsin," a small and unpretending volume, but characterized by the author's usual research and accuracy. It was published in Madison by the University P'-ess Company. He has since edited, in chief, the " History of Rock County," the '" History of Fond du Lac County," and the "History of Columbia County," Wisconsin. These works were published by the Western Historical Company, of Chicago. Of this book - the "History of Dane County, Wisconsin" - he is the principal editor.*

James R. Stuart, a resident of Madison, is a native of South Carolina, where his forefathers settled in the first half of the eighteenth century. His scientific training was procured in Harvard ; his first instruction in art in the studio of Joseph Ames, of Boston. After some years of school-teaching in Savannah, he was enabled to prosecute his art studies in the academies of Munich and Carlsruhe. Mr. Stuart came to Madison in 1872, and many of his pictures command admiration. Portraits of Charles Dunn and Byron Paine, in the Supreme Courtrooms of the capitol, are from his studio, and he has also painted pictures of several prominent men of Wisconsin, The fineness of touch for which Mr. Stuart is justly praised' does not detract in any degree from the faithfulness of his presentations.

Miss WiLHELMiNA FiLLANS, an artist of considerable merit, formerly resided in Madison. The lady comes of a family of artists, and her skill is beyond question. Many of her paintings grace the homes of Madison. Her modelings are equal to her pictures, among which are a life-sized bust of L. S. Dixon, and one of the late Chief Justice E. G. Ryan. A crayon portrait of ex-Gov. W. R. Taylor, for the agricultural rooms, is well executed. She resides at present in Glasgow, Scotland.

Miss Bertha Pradt, daughter of Rev. J. B. Pradt, of Madison, has devoted herself for several years past to landscape painting. She has studied in Milwaukee and Chicago, and more recently in New York, where she has opened a studio. Among her landscapes is one from a sketch made at Lake, which was exhibited at the Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876, having received a part of the prize offered by the ladies of Wisconsin for the best landscape by any lady artist of the State. Several gentlemen in Madison, among them ex-Mayor Baltzell, Andrew Sexton and John Nader, have pictures from her easel. She has also sold pictures in Chicago, New York, and to several parties in New England. Miss Pradt's landscapes are characterized by a softness and delicacy in the treatment of foliage, sky and water, which make them very attractive.

W. L. Knowles located in Madison in February, 1880. He spent his years of training with several distinguished artists in the East, and for two or three years was located in Connecticut (his native State). After leaving Hartford, he set up his easel in lo.wa, residing in the State about six years, visiting most of the principal cities of Iowa and vicinity, but making Davenport

*Thia notice of Mr. ButterSeld's literary effort! (except so much as relates to the county histories written in Wisconsin) to al)ri"6*» from a sketch by K. B. Andoison, Professor in the University of Wiaconain, to be found in Robinson's " Epitome of Literature. - InJB.

his home. He held a position during two years of that time as Art Instructor in one of the educational institutions of Iowa. He has devoted his attention to book illustration, portrait and landscape painting, making portraiture a specialty of late.

Oratory

An oratorical association was formed by the students of the University of Wisconsin, in September, 1874, the object of which was the cultivation of oratory. It was connected with a State association of the same character, organized by the principal colleges of Wisconsin ; the latter with an inter-Sdate association, representing Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa and Wisconsin. A competitive contest was first held in each institution - the successful competitor taking part in the State meeting, and the one who was there adjudged as first on the list represented the Stiite at the final contest. The University of Wisconsin was three times honored with the highest prize at the State contests : 1875, by J. M. Mills ; in 1876, by A. S. Ritchie ; and in 1879, by R. M. La Follette - the last mentioned winning the highest honor it the inter- State contest. Mr. La Follette was born in Dane County and is a resident of Madison. His oration was entitled "laco." His analysis of that famous creation of Shakespeare was as follows :

"Shakespeare's lago personifies two constituents of mind - intellect and will. These alone are the springs of his action, the source of his power. What he lacks in emotion he has gained in intellectual acuteness. but the result is deformity. The character is not unnatural ; it is fiendishly natural. His reasoning power is abnormally developed; but he has no feeling, no sympathy, no affection, no fear. His is the cold passion of intellect, whose icy touch chilis the warm life in all it reaches. He is an intellectual athlete, and is unceasing in his mental gymnastics. His contempt for all goo^ is supreme ; his greatest crime is his greatest pleasure ; and his own hypocrisy gladdens and intoxicates him. Whatever is most mean, whatever is most hard, whatever is vilely atrocious and dangerously difficult, he seizes with greedy glee. Skeptical of all virtue, to him love is lechery, truth-telling stupid goodness, and lying a daring to be ingenuous.

" The emotions are the native soil of moral life. From the-feelings are grown great ethical truths, one by one, forming at last the grand body of the moral law. But lago is emotionally a cipher, and his poverty of sentiment and wealth of intellect render him doubly dangerous. Here we have the key to his character - he is possessed of an inflexible will, of an intellect, pungent, subtle, super-sensual. He not only knows more than he feels, he knows everything, feels nothing.

"The other characters of the tragedy of Othello - a tragedy which Macaulay pronounced Shakespeare's greatest - are but puppets, moving at the will of this master. He reads them at a glance, by a flash of instinct. He wastes no words on Roderigo other than to make the ' fool his purse.' But upon Othello he plays with more subtlety, and infinitely greater zest. Upon him he exercises his crafty ingenuity; and the ' double knavery,' the ' How ? how V whets him keen. Now flashes forth the invisible lightning of his malignant mind, and woe to all virtue within i.ts reach. Now we see his character in all its artful cunning, all its devilish cruelty. With what marvelous skill he makes his first attack ! He does nothing in the common way. His methods have the merit of originality. He does not assail Desdemona's virtue with a well-conned story, but IS seemingly surprised into an exclamation, appearing to utter his suspicions by the merest accident. And when he has engaged Othello's ear, note his matchless cunning ; lie comes and goes, and comes and goes again, with his ingenious innuendoes; clianging like the chameleon, quick to take his cue from the Moor, yet craftily giving direction to the other's tnoughts; cursing Cassio with his protestations of love, and damning Desdemona while joining m a benediction - to her honesty. The ' constant, loving, noble nature ' of the Moor chancces quickly under the ' almost superhuman art ' of lago ; but too well he knows the human mind i;o gorge It with suspicion ; and, with every dose of poison, gives just a little antidote. With pious seit-accuaation, he says, ' 'Tis my nature's plague to spy into abuses;' and, ' oft my jealousy shapes faults that are not ;' but carefully adds, ' it were not for your quiet nor your good to let you know my thoughts;' and is equally careful to tell them ; smothering with one hand all suspicion of his perfidy, and kindling with the other the consuming fires of the Moor's jealousy. " lago's manner of practicing on Othello is only matched by the means he employs. Like the genuine devil, he destroys the entire household - not through some unguarded vice, but through its very virtues. He sets all goodness by the ears. The strength of the Moor's affection is made a fatal weakness ; and, more than this, the very medium of all their misery is she

" lago and Desdemona ! Strange, unspeakable union of opposites ! Weird harmony of discords ! Somber mingling of a smile and a sneer ! 0 the poet whose genius could compound these elements without an explosion ! 0 this ' unequal contest between the powers of grossness and purity !' That Desdemona, whose childlike nature is a divine fusion of innocence and chastity, should be played off against a moral outlaw, a being whose livery is ' heavenly shows ' and whose logic is the ' divinity of hell,' is a juxtaposition appalling, fascinating ! 'Tis Diana in the talons of a Ilarpy. That virtue should be 'turned into pitch,' that ' out of goodness ' should be made ' the net to enmesh them all,' that innocence should become the instrument of the infernal, is a ' moral antithesis ' that preludes the oncoming of chaos. And it comes like the quick night and consummates the tragedy ; while over all, in sullen silence, gloats this imp of darkness.

" Somewhere, Thomas Carlyle has said, ' There are depths in man that go the length of the lowest Hell, as there are heights that reach highest Heaven ;' but lago is a magnet with only one pole, which ever points toward the infernal. Why is it, then, that this character does not disgust us? Why do we follow his intricate windings with such intense interest? Why do we tolerate him ? We find the answer in his great intellect. This is the core of his characterabstract intellectuality united to volitional force, devoid of all morality, divorced from all feeling. He is hardly human, yet he sounds humanity like a philosopher. He is wanting in ethical parts; yet he makes the nicest moral distinctions. He is a fraction, yet greater than a unit; a part, yet more than the whole. He is a paradox. In his deep schemes, we nearly forget the villain. His triumph over all obstacles pins the attention to his intellectual powers. He is ' instinct with thought.' This redeems him to us as a subject, and yields another explanation for what has been termed his ' little trace of conscience.' His self-questionings, his subtle sophisms, his cataclysm of reasons, are not the weak protest of a moral part, but the logical outcome of a sleepless intellect. He is emphatically a being of reasons. He will do nothing except he furnish to himself the ' why !' It is not that he requires these reasons as a ' whetstone for his revenge;' it is not that his ' resolution is too much for his conscience,' but rather that he revels in reasons, that his hungry mind will have its food. He ' suspects the lusty Moor,' and fears ' Cassio with his night-cap, too,' on occasion; not that he dreads to destroy either without some motive, but because his mental constitution demands a reason for all things. Schlegel defines wickedness as ' nothing but selfishness designedly unconscientious ;' but lago makes no effort to deceive himself, for he says :

" He does not care to justify himself, except as an intellectual satisfaction. He desires no moral vindication. In fact, he commits crime merely for crime's sake, and there is no sin that he will not claim as his own. Think of it ! a being who clutches at wickedness with all the greed of a miser. Thoroughly passionless, coldly intellectual, he is forced into the self-confession that he is no libertine ; yet fearful lest the admission has cost him one hellish trait, he quickly adds that be stands ' accountant for as great a sin.' This is a moral defiance sublimely hideous, but hardly reconcilable in a being with even a ' little trace of conscience.' Were there a single

But it is a quality he feels not, knows not ; and what Coleridge calls ' the motive-hunting of a motiuelesg malignity ;' this constant combing of his wits for reasons, is simply a service performed at the mandate of his craving intellect.

" Mark the ' steep inequality ' between him and Richard III : The Duke of Gloster, born with teeth, a twisted body, and a majestic mind, cuts his way through those of his own flesh to a throne. Malignant and artful, hypocritical and heartless, he ' seems a saint when most he plays the devil.' Monster, he stands apart from men ; he is ' like himself alone,' and he stalks along his bloody course a solitary creation. Brave, he has the audacity to defy destiny, the impudent confidence to enter the lists against the Unknown. But, hidden away somewhere in his black soul is a germ of conscience disguised as superstitious fear - a germ of conscience which starts forth when that towering will is oif guard ; coming in the thin substance of a dream, yet so terrible that the remorseful 'drops hang on his trembling flesh.' Here -is his humanity, his mortal weakness ; and through this the ' all-powerful and ever-watchful Nemesis ' hurls her lanc3, barbed to the shaft with retribution. Pursued by croaking phantoms, scourged by the invisible lash 6f violated conscience, he flings himself into the conflict, and, with a royal flourish in perfect keeping with his character, closes the tragedy. His death satisfies the equation of right.

" Richard and lago possess some qualities in common : Both have mighty intellects ; both are wily, cunning, crafty ; both dissimulators, both actors. But farther than this they are profoundly unlike. Richard III is more humanly terrible ; lago more devilishly perfect. Richard loves nothing human ; lago hates everything good. Richard is arrogant, passionate, powerful, violent ; lago egotistical, cold, cynical, sly. Richard is fire ; lago ice. Richard III is more objective ; lago more subjective. Richard would pulverize the universe; lago would like to reverse the order of things. In point of Satanical finish lago is Richard - ;and more. Richard III murders many, and sweats with horror ; lago few, and forgets remorse. Richard III mounts the throne of England on a score of dead bodies ; lago wins the throne of hell in three strides. The conscience of Richard wakes from its swoon ; lago has no conscience. Richard III is a monstrosity ; lago a psychological contradiction.

"We offer lago, then, as Shakespeare's conception of the ' Evil Principle.' And how perfect the creation. In the whole course of his crime he betrays never a weakness, never a check of conscience - nothing to mar the elegant symmetry of his fiendishness. From the time he lays down the postulate that ' I am not what I am ' till he attains his infernal majority, he is the same refined, pitiless, sarcastic devil. He is often surprised, but is never disconcerted. He plans, but it is because he likes the mental exercise. It has been said that ' deep rogues take all their villainy a priori ; that they do not construct plans in anticipation.' lago's carefully perfected schemes would seem to rebuke this philosophy were it not that they appear rather meat for his mind than directions for his diabolisms. Indeed, it is in those unpremised scenes where the occasion fails to fit his plans, where all the odds are arrayed against him, that he achieves the greatest triumph. This is nothing short of Stygian skill ; and it is just here that he attams the dignity of a devil. That dignity would have been sacrificed in his death. By all the principles of dramatic tragedy, Othello is his fit executioner. Significant fact ! We are only promised that his ' punishment shall torment him much and hold him long.' This is to appease the moral demand, and in its vagueness the poet seeks to avoid a decline in tragic intensity. ^ This we offer as the ethical and sesthetical reason for the indefiniteness thrown about lago's fate by the dramatist. He had pushed his creation to the verge of the finite, punlaHment was demanded, none could be devised which would requite him.

ifaefull course of tragedy, the mighty sweep of its changing scenes, must yield an apt sequence, a sublime completeness, else it fails in its aim. Schiller says : ' Life is great only as a means of accomplishing the moral law ; and nothing is sublimer than a criminal yielding his life because of the morality he has violated.' With the single exception of lago, Shakespeare has availed himself of this principle. The Thane of Cawdor tops all his murders with his own head ; Lady Macbeth bleaches in death the ' damned spot ' from her unclean hand - Richard III seals with his own blood, on Bosworth Field, the sublime inhis career ; but lago is just beyond the reach of death, and we can fancy him disappearing in the darkness of which he is a part.

" There are two fitnesses in a villain's death - the moral fitness and the tragic fitness. The one, the ethical satisfaction at the inevitable 'recoil of the broken moral law ; the other the grandeur of a finale. To condense into one moment the whole of life, to put a fiat on existence, to engulf a soul in the awful immensity of its own acts - this is sublime. But to have conceived and brought forth a being so super-physical, so positively devilish, so intensely infernal that his death would be bathos - this is genius.

" And this is lago. The polished, aifable attendant, the boon companion, the supple sophist, the nimble logician, the philosopher, the moralist, the scoffing demon ; the goblin, whose smile is a stab and whose laugh is an infernal sneer; who has sworn eternal vengeance on virtue everywhere ; who would turn cosmos into chaos. This compound of wickedness and reason, this incarnation of intellect, this Tartarean basilisk, is the logical conclusion in a syllogism whose premises are ' hell and night.' He is a criminal climax; endow him with a single supernatural quality, and he stands among the devils of fiction supreme."

On the 14th of November, 1879, at a banquet given in honor of U. S. Grant by the Array of the Tennessee, in Chicago, W. F. Vilas, of Madison, spoke as follows to the toast of " Our First Commander, Gen. U. S. Grant : "

" Your call invites me, sir, I am conscious,- to give expression to the profound feeling with which every heart of our assembled companions responds to the stirring sentiment. But how shall I attempt to choose, in' the brief compass the occasion allows, from the multitudinous thoughts that crowd the mind ? Our first Commander, the illustrious General whose fame has grown to fill the world ! Nay, more ! Our old band of the Tennessee was his first army ! What honorable memories of old associations, you, companions, may now recall !

" How splendid was your entrance on the scene of arms ! The anxious eye of the North had long been fixed intently on the Eastern theater, almost unconscious of the new-formed Army of the Tennessee and its unknown General. Suddenly there fell on the startled ear the roar of your fight at Donelson, and your chieftain's victorious cry - which waked the country's heart to ecstasy - and runtr. like a prophetic knell, the doom our army of salvation bore to rebels - ' Nothing but uncoi;dilional surrender.'

" Then, but a few days later, there burst at Shiloh, on his Army of the Tennessee, the flame and fury of the first great field fight of the war. In desperate doubt, the nightfall of the bloody day closed on the unequal struggle. Higher, then, rose the iron resolution of that great commander ! Urged by cautious counsel to prepare a way for retreat, with ' trust in your valor,' he gave the characteristic answer, ' I have not despaired of whipping them yet.' And loyally, on the morrow, was he vindicated in that reliance, as he rode before his soldiery, driving the enemy over the victorious field.

" How darkly comes back in recollection, the long and dismal toil in the pestilential swamps before impregnable Vicksburg ! The sky was overhung in gloom, and the soaked earth sank under the foot. Unlit by the flash of powder, unheralded by the noise of arms, in miserable darkness, the last enemy irresistibly plied his fatal work, changing the river levees - where only was solid ground for burial - into tombs for our trebly decimated ranks. Then, again, new light broke from his troubled genius on the scene, and displayed the possible path for valor. Breaking past the rebel battlements and across the great river, he flung our army into the midst ot the hostile host, like a mighty gladiator surrounded by his foes, choosing no escape but in victory. There, with fiery zest, in fierce rapidity, he smote the foe the crushing strokes of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills and Black River,. and seized the doomed city with the unre- lenting grasp of his Army of the Tennessee. And when, on the new birthday' of the republic, her flag shook out its beautiful folds above the ramparts of that boasted citadel, the territory of revolt was finally split in twain, the backbone of rebellion was broken.

"He and his Army of the Tennessee entered on the page of history together. Together thev achieved the first great prophetic triumphs for the Union ; together they followed and fought her enemies from field to field, pushing our advancing arms in steady career toward the Gulf. Nor were their efi'oits for, our country disunited, until, having dismembered the va.st rebellion, the beginning of its utter downfall had been seen. Guided by his genius, your army had learned to fight only to conquer. Parted from him, it forgot not the teaching. Its march and war struck every revolted State save two, but never General anywhere lamented over its retreat from the field of arms. Joyfully may we point to that exalted fame, which, rising like a pinnacle of the Alps, breaks through the firmament above to carry up the name of the unconquered Grant; for it is our felicity, that, on the solid base from which it lifts, history has written the proud legend of the Army of the Tennessee, which never shunned and never lost a battle with its foes.

" Joined to it by such a story, and especially when so assembled, his old associates and soldiers in war, we may rightfully, without censure and without adulation, claim and speak the just measure of his merit and renown. Nor shall his presence deny that satisfaction to us. His reputation is not 'his, not even his country's alone. It is, in part, our peculiar possession. We who fought to aid its rising may well rejoice in its meridian splendor.

" The foundations of' his title are deep laid and safe. There was re-action in the minds of our people after the intense strain of war, and many distracting subjects for attention. But with regained composure and reflection his reputation augments, and its foundations more and more plainly appear irremovably fixed for lasting duration. They spring not from merely having enjoyed possession of the honors of place and power, which his countrymen have bestowed; others have had them, too. They lie not specially on his shining courage and personal conduct before the enemy, who was never outdone in calm intrepidity, nor in the splendid daring with which he ever urged the battle he immediately ordered, though long these will live in song and story. Beyond the warrior's distinction, which was his earlier glory, his is the true genius of the General. The strategic learning of the military art was to him a simple implement, like colors and brush to a Kaphael - not fetters to the mind. How like a weapon in a giant's hand did he wield the vast aggregations of soldiery, whose immensity oppressed so many minds ! How easily moved his divisions, yet how firm the place of all ! How every soldier came to feel his participation a direct contribution to the general success ! And when, at length, his merit won the Government of the entire military power of the North, how perfect became, without noise or friction, the co-operation of every army, of every strength, throughout the wide territory of the war toward the common end ! Subordinate every will and jealous soul, the profound military wisdom of the capital, even to the clear purpose and comprehensive grasp of the one commanding mind ! Then how rapidly crumbled on every side the crushed revolt ! Where shall we find, in past records, the tale of such a struggle, so enormous in extent, so nearly matched at the outset, so desperately contested, so effectively decided ! Through what a course of uninterrupted victory did he proceed from the earliest engagements to a complete dominion of the vast catastrophe !

' Spare, in pity, the poor brain which cannot see, in this career, more than a dogged pertinacity Out upon the unjust prejudice which will consciously disparage the true meed of genms . Leave it where his reliant silence leaves it ! Leave it to history ! Leave it to the world ! - til K . * .''^® S'"^** cause so well understood, and the great results to men so well accomplished, tne basis of his renown is justly broadened. For the salvation of this government of freedom lor mankind, we took up arms. When liberty was safe, they were laid down again. Risen to ine mghest seat of power, he has descended as a citizen of equal rank with all. This goes to the soul of American liberty, ennobling individual citizenship above all servants in office. His is indeed the noblest grandeur of manhood, who can rise from the grasp of overtopping power above the ambition of self, to exalt the ambition of humanity, denying the spoils of the brief time to the lasting guerdon of immortal honor.

" The judgment of immediate cotemporaries has been apt to rise too high or fall too low. But let not detraction or calumny mislead. They have ever been the temporal accompaniments of human greatness. That glory cannot rise beyond the clouds which passes not throuirli the clouds. We may confidently accept the judgment of the world. It has been unmistakably delivered. But lately, as he has pressed his wandering course about the round earth, mankind have everywhere bowed in homage at his coming, as the ancient devotees of the East fell before the sun at his rising. These honors were not paid to his person, which was unknown : they were not paid to his country, for which he went on no errand, and whose representative never had the like before ; they were not paid to him as to some potentate of a people, for he journeyed not as a man in power. They have been the willing prostration of mortality before a glory imperishable !

" His memory shall, indeed, be in the line of the heroes of war, but distinctive and apart from the greater number. Not with the kind of Alexander, who ravaged the earth to add to mere dominion ; nor of Belisarius, who but fed the greedy craving of an imperial beast of prey; not with Marlborough, Eugene, Wellington, who plfiyed the parts set them by the craft of diplomacy ; not with the Napoleons, who chose " to wade through slaughter to a throne, and shut the gates of mercy on mankind ; " not with Caesar, who would have put the ambitious hand of arms on the delicate fabric of constitutional freedom: America holds a higher place in the congregation of glory for her heroes of liberty, where sits, in expectation, her majestic Washington. In nobler ambition .than the gaining of empire they have borne their puissant arms for the Kingdom of Man, where liberty reigneth forever. From the blood poured out in their warfare, sweet incense rose to heaven, and angels soothed, with honorable pride, the tears which sorrow started for the dead.

" Home again, now, our first commander, after the journey of the world! Here, here again, we greet him, at our social board, where, with recurring years, we regale on the deeper ripening memories of our soldiership for freedom. Partakers of the labors, the perils, the triumphs, which were the beginnings of his glory, we join now, with exultation, in the welcoming honors by which his grateful countrymen tell their foreknowledge of the immortality of his renown.

"Long and many be the years, illustrious leader, before your hour of departure come! Green and vigorous be your age, undecayed every faculty of mind and sense, in full fruition of the well-earned joys of life ; happy in the welfare of your native land, the love of your countrymen, the admiration of the world ! "

Common Schools

Towns are generally divided into a number of school districts, in each of which, the school affairs are in charge of a District School Board, consisting of three members, each holding office for three years, one being elected at each annual school meeting. The officers of this board are Director, Treasurer and Clerk. The Clerk reports to the Town Clerk, and the Town Clerk to the County Superintendent. Some towns have what is called the township system, with one School Board for the whole town.

The schools of the State are principally supported by local taxation, district and county. The remainder of their support, about one-thirteenth, comes from the income of the btae

School Fund, which amounts at present to about 40 cents for each child of school age. Some of the high schools under certain regulations receive special aid from the State.

Dane County, having more than 15,000 inhabitants, is divided into two Superintendent Districts. The First District embraces the following towns and villages . Albion, Blooming Grove Bristol, Burke, Christiana, Cottage Grove, Deerfield, Dunkirk, Dunn, Medina, Pleasant Springs, Rutland, Sun Prairie, Sun Prairie Village, Stoughton Village, Vienna, Windsor, Westport, York. The Second District, the following towns Berry, Black Earth, Blue Mounds, Cross Plains, Dane, Fitchburg, Madison, Mazomanie, Middleton, Montrose, Oregon, Perry, Primrose, Roxbury,' Springdale, Springfield, Vermont, Verona.

The names of those who have been Superintendents in the First District are D. A. Barlow A. P. Prentice, 0. 0. Stearns, J. Q. Emery, T D. Kanouse, W. H. Chandler, A. R. Ames, C. E. Buell (now in oflSce) ; in the Second District, S. L Hooker, N. E. Goldthwaite, S. h'. Carpenter, J. A. Kierstead, S. C. Coolidge, 0. J. Taylor, M. S. Frawley and C. F. Harding (now in office).

On the 22d of December, 1841, application was made to David Brigham, James Morrison Burk Fairchild, School Commissioners for the county of Dane, to set off Township 7, of Range 9 east, to be organized as School District No. 1. This was the first action had relative to the organization of schools under Territorial laws, in Dane County ; the application was signed by Dr. Almon Lull, Ira W. Bird, E. Quivey, Peter W. Matts and Nicholas Smith. The Commissioners took the same in consideration, and on the 25th reported favorably, and set off the territory described as District No. 1. On January 24, 1842, the District petitioned the Commissioners to enlarge the District by including Township 8, which was attached February 16 following. From this small beginning, let us look at the schools of Dane County of to-day :

The apportionment of School Fund income in 1879 was 38 cents to each scholar ; and as there were 20,275 children enumerated for the whole county, the amount received was $7,704. 50. The whole number of school districts in the county, including joint-districts with schoolhouses in the county, and exclusive of the city of Madison, is 267 ; whole number of children over four and under twenty years of age, 8,215* ; number of schools of two departments, 5 ; number of schools with three or more departments, 5 ; number of teachers required to teach the schools of the county, 366 ; average wages of male teachers per month, $33.44; average wages of female teachers, $23.92 ; number of schoolhouses in the county, 242 ; cash value of schoolhouses in the county, $124,242 ; private schools not incorporated, 28 ; number which are denominational or parochial, 26.

The graded schools are located in the First District at Christiana, Waunakee, Sun Prairie Village and Stoughton Village ; in the two last-mentioned places, the schools embrace several departments, including a free high school : in the Second District there are graded schools at Black Earth, Cross Plains, Bliddleton, Mazomanie, Montrose and Oregon ; at Mazomanie there is a free high school.

The Wisconsin Enquirer, the first newspaper published in Dane County, began its existence in Madison November 8, 1838. Its editor and proprietor was Josiah A. Noonan.

Mr. Noonan had ordered a press and material from Buffalo, to come by way of the lakes to ureen Bay, and thence up Fox River on barges to Fort Winnebago, whence it was to have been carted overland to Madison. The bill of shipment came in due time, but weeks passed and nothing was heard of the material. The season was getting late, and no press. Finally, Mr. JNoonan engaged George Hyer to mount a pony and go to Fort Winnebago, forty miles distant, and make inquiry about the missing material, and if nothing was heard of it to continue on to Green y. 1 here were then no roads, no guides, no regular stopping-places; by the route taken, here was no clearly defined track between Madison and Fort Winnebago, and but one stopping- Fice, a half-breed's house, within ten or twelve miles of the fort. But from Fort Winnebago to Green Bay there was a good military road, running east of Lake Winnebago, aifording a good route and convenient stopping-places among traders and Indians. On reaching Fort Winnebago Hyer gained information that convinced him that the press and material had been thrown overboard, in a storm, in Lake Huron, off Mackinaw ; but it was months after the unfortunate event before its fate was fully known. Satisfied that it would be useless to look farther for the missin? printing material, Hyer started back the next morning for Madison, reaching there that night and gave such information of the matter as he had been able to learn. This led Mr. Noonan to purchase the Racine Argus, and transfer the material to Madison, followed immediately by the publication of the Wisconsin Unquirer, the first number of which appeared on the 8th of November, 1838, and on which Hyer set the first type. With a single hand press, and scarcely any conveniences, this little office issued a newspaper, and printed the bills, journals, reports and laws of the Legislature, including a revision of the laws then in force. It was a six-column weekly and comrdenced its career full of spirit and energy. In his salutatory, the editor said ;

" We are at length enabled to lay before its patrons the first' number of the Wigconsin Enquirer. In addition to the difficulties incident to establishing a newspaper in a country so iiew as the one in which we are located, and so remote from navigable waters at this time, we have had difficulties to surmount and embarrassments to contend with which it was impossible for us to foresee or calculate upon encountering at the time we embarked in the enterprise. We are now, however, so situated as to be able to issue the Enquirer regularly hereafter, and do whatever business ' in our line ' our friends may favor us with.

" Two years since, we became a resident of this Territory, and within that time have had occasion to visit every portion of it and become familiar with its agricultural and mineral resources and its advantages in other respects, and we can truly say that the better we have become acquainted with Wisconsin the more have we deemed our reasons good for feeling proud of the country we have adopted as our home. Geographically, its position is second to that of no Northern State or Territory, it being the principal connecting link between the lakes and the Mississippi, aiid possessing natural channels of communication that with but slight improvement will afford such extensive facilities for commercial intercourse between the ' inland seas ' and the ' father of waters' as must always confine the principal part of the commerce between them to this Territory. In addition to this important natural thoroughfare, nature has been prolific in providing Wisconsin with other highly useful commercial channels ; so much so that we believe no part of the Territory south of Fox and Wisconsin Rivers can be pointed out from which navigable waters are more than twenty-five miles distant. Of the many streams that irrigate the southern portion of our Territory, it is true none have as yet been navigated by steam except the Wisconsin River ; but yet we believe no one familiar with the country will deny that the Pishtaka, the Pecatonica and Rock Rivers, together with the River of the Four Lakes and several others, are susceptible now (or with a moderate expenditure of money can be made so m a short time) of ^eing navigated by such steamboats as ply on the Wabash and Illinois Rivers, Add to this the fact that Wisconsin has a fine proportion of prairie and timbered lands, an abundance of water-power, unequaled mineral wealth, a climate as healthy as that of any portion of the Union - as the past season has abundantly shown - an extremely fertile soil, that springs of the purest water can be found in every part of it, and last, though not least, that it has as intelligent and enterprising a population as can be found in any country, and our Territory, we think, holds out to the enterprising emigrant a combination of advantages and inducements that can be equaled by no other portion, even, of the great West.

" Situated as we are in the center of a territory of so great intrinsic wealth, and possessing such exhaustless resources, it will be our pride and pleasure to make the Enquirer what it was stated in the prospectus it would be - strictly a Territorial paper - one that will, regardless oi men or local interests, advocate promptly and fearlessly, at all times, the true interests of the Territory.

" Whether or not we shall be sustained in our undertaking remains to be seen. The liDeral subscriptions we have already received from almost every section of the Territory give us assurance of a much more flattering support than we anticipated some months since.

" With party politics we shall not, for the present, take any very active part, believing that there is nothing in the situation of the Territory that makes it necessary for the newspapers in 't now to burthen their columns with labored discussions of the com;non political questions of the dav. Whenever we do enter the political arena, however, we shall be found advocating the principles and measures of the Democratic party. , ,,

"During the session of our Territorial Legislature, we shall lay beiore our readers tull renorts of its proceedings, and give early notice of all appointments made by the Governor and Council' in fine, it will be our chief object to give statistical and other information, and such a variety of matter in each number as will render the Enquirer both amusing and instructive. Meantime however, we would beseech our readers not to expect too much, but to ' take the good the gods provide them and - be satisfied.' "

Almon Lull

Phjsician and Surgeon, would respectfully tender his professional services to the citizens of Madison and vicinity. He has just received from St. Louis a large supply of drugs, medicines, &c., which he offers on the most reasonable terms. Calls from a distance promptly attended to.

Geokoe S. Meredith

Attorney at Law and Solicitor in Chancery, Madison, W. T., offers his professional services to the public. He will -Iteiid all the courts of the First Judicial District.

Later issues of the paper have the following editorial and advertisements : "We gave notice in our last that no paper would be issued from this office this week. The notice was given under the impression that we should not have a supply of paper. A friend, however, sent us a small quantity from Galena.

"Our main supply we landed, with some other materials, at Green Bay in July last, and they were to be sent up Fox River to the Portage immediately. A fortnight since, they lay in the warehouse where we had them landed. We are certainly under many obligations to the Fox River Transportation Company for their prompt manner of doing business."

William N. Sbymoue

would give notice to the citizens of Dane County that he is a Notary Public for said county, and will always be in readiness to attend to drawing and acknowledging deeds, morigages, leases, etc.

DIED - On the 3d inst., of the typhus fever, in Beloit, Rock County, W. T., Mrs. Chloe Blodgett, aged 55 years, tie wife of Caleb Blodgett, formerly of Ashtabula County, Ohio.

Arb.Ital And Departure Of The Mails

The Mineral Point and Fort Winnebago mails arrive Wednesdays and Saturdays of each week, and depart Thursdays and Sundays, ai 6 o'clock A. M.

The paper was not long free from politics. The greatest strife, however, was of a local nature. Parties, at that day, had not become fully organized. On the 6th day of April, 1839. (j- C. Sholes became a partner with Noonan, and the paper was published by Noonan & Sholes, ior a time, both of the proprietors being absent, 0. L. Sholes had the management of both the editorial and business departments of the establishment.

JNovember 30, 1839, Mr. Sholes retired, leaving Mr. Noonan again sole editor and propriewr. At this time another column was added to each page, making a seven- column paper.

Jiily 2, 1842, Knapp retired, and Harrison Reed became the editor and publisher. Up to this time the Enquirer had been Democratic in politics, so far as it had been anything; its special point was anti-Doty, On assuming control of the establishment. Reed changed the spelling of the word )Visconsin at the heading of the paper to " Wiskonsan," and the position of the paper to that of a strong supporter of Doty.

September 2, 1842, Reed retired, and David Lambert succeeded him in the editorial control of the paper - Reed, however, continuing as publisher. In his introductory, Lambert expressed his dislike for both parties, but pledged his support to the then National (Tyler) and Territorial (Doty) administrations.

January 5, 1843, Reed withdrew entirely from the office, and Lambert became sole editor and publisher. During this winter, the paper seems to have had a feeble existence, appearing about half the time on a small sheet, and printed on a very poor quality of paper. Strong symptoms of a decline were visible in the appearance of the sheet from week to week.

June 7, 1843, the office was conveyed by Lambert to Barlow Shackleford and Henry A. Lambert. The paper soon after suspended. It will be seen, that, in an existence of something less than five years, the Enquirer experienced twelve changes of proprietorship. During most of the time the paper was very well printed, and gave evidence of a good degree of ability in its editorial columns - more than is usual in small country places.

The Wisconsin State Journal. - It is claimed for the State Journal that it is the second paper established at Madison. In order to make clear this claim, it is necessary to give its history from the commencement, of the Madison Express, in 1839. The first number of the ^spmt was issued on the 25th day of December, 1839, with William W. Wyman as editor and publisher. It was a neatly printed, six-column weekly paper. It supported the then Territorial administration, and claimed to be devoted to the advancement of the best interests of the people. In July, 1840, it was enlarged to a seven-column paper, and took position as a champion of the Whig party - declaring for William H. Harrison and reform. The paper was continued without change until May, 1848, when it was suspended for a few weeks. During the Constitutional Convention of 1847-48, a tri-wcekly Express was issued. While the paper was undercharge of Mr. Wyman, he was assisted in its editorial management, at different times, by Julius T, Clark, Esq., William Welch, Esq., David Atwood, and, perhaps, others.

In October, 1848, the office of the Madison Express was purchased by David Atwood and Royal Buck, and its publication was resumed, under their management, as the Wiseonm Express. In 1850, Alvan E. Bovay was associated in its management for a few weeks. During the session of the Legislature of 1851, the Express was issued daily. In 1850, the Wisconsin Statesman was established, as a Whig paper, and was continued until the summer of 1852, when the offices of the Express and Statesman were consolidated, and the names of both papers were dropped, that of Wisconsin Palladium adopted, and it was issued for a few weeks under the joint proprietorship of both old papers - Messrs. Atwood & Buck and Messrs. Wyman & Sons, under the firm name of Atwood, Wymans & Buck ; the Wymans included W. W. Wyman and his sons, William H. and Albert U. Wyman. The Palladium y/as issued as a daily and weekly; but, after eleven weeks, owing to disagreements in the firm, it was suspended, and the otate Journal took its phice, under the sole management of David Atwood. The direct connection of the State Journal has thus been shown with the second paper that was started in Madison. It has been continuous, with only a change of name; and the present proprietor of the otate Journal purchased the office from the first proprietor of the Express, in 1848, and has been connected with its publication ever since that time.

The paper was first issued under the name of Wisconsin State Journal, in September, 1852 as a daily and weekly publication ; in 1856, a tri-weekly was added, and the three editioDs'of the paper have been published ever since without interruption. At the beginning the daily Journal was a five-column, four-page paper, and the weekly was an eight-column sheet. In May, 1854, the daily was enlarged to a six-column paper, and, in 1857, it was again enlarged to its present size - a seven-column sheet. The weekly has been changed twice - in 1859, to a nine-column, four-page sheet, and, in 1862, to an eight-page paper with six columns on the

The changes of proprietorship in the State Journal have been but few. In May, 1854, Mr. Horace Rublee, who had assisted in its editorial management for the previous year, became an equal partner in its management, under the firm of Atwood & Rublee. In 1859, Mr Harrison Reed purchased a third interest in the office, and for two years the partnership firm was Atwood, Rublee & Reed; and, in the spring of 1861, Atwood & Rublee became again the proprietors. In May, 1869, Mr. Rublee disposed of his interest to J. 0. Culver, Esq. ; and, until the 1st of January, 1877, the firm name of the publishers was Atwood & Culver ; at the last date, David Atwood became sole proprietor, and still continues to publish the daily, tri-weekly and weekly State Journal. Such has been the proprietorship of the paper, from December, 1839, when W W. Wyman issued the first number of the Madison Express.

Several persons have been connected with the editorial management of the State Journal, in addition to its proprietors. In 1855, George Gary, Esq., of Oshkosh, became thus connected, and remained with the paper until February, 1856. Messrs. A. J. Turner, H. K. Smith and L. J. Bates were assistants in this department, between 1856 and 1860, each for a short time. In 1861, Mr. Harlan M. Page took a position on the editorial staff of the paper, and remained on it till July, 1876, when, owing to ill-health, he was obliged to abandon editorial work. In 1863, James Ross was local editor for a short time. During the year 1873, H. R. Farnum was the local editor on the Journal. In January, 1874, Mr. Levi Alden became connected with the office, and most of the time since has assisted in the editorial department, and still remains in this position. As early as 1868, Charles D. Atwood became a reporter and assistant on the staff. In 1872, he went to Liverpool with Ex-Gov. Fairchild, and was nearly four years Vice Consul at that place. In 1876, he returned, and took an active position on the editorial staff, where he labored diligently till his death, in February, 1878. In the spring of 1877, Reuben G. Thwaites, Esq., took position as an editor on the paper, and still remains in it. On the 1st of January, 1880, E. R. Petherick assumed duties as local editor, and still fills that place.

The editorial management of the State Journal is now (1880) in control of David Atwood, Levi Alden, R, G. Thwaites and E. R. Petherick. The history of these men, after their connection with the Journal, will have to be written at some future time. Of those who have been, lit some time, connected with the editorial management of the paper, and have left it, a few words as to their career subsequent to leaving it, may be proper.

William W. Wyman, the original proprietor of the Express, in 1848, sold out the ofiice ; la 1850, started the Statesman ; in 1852, was a short time connected with the Palladium ; served one year as Treasurer of Dane County ; kept Badger Hotel, in Madison a year or two ; m 1855, removed to Omaha, Neb. ; was Postmaster at that place, and Territorial Treasurer ; established the Omaha Times in 1857, and published it some two years. He died February 20, lo64, in the sixty-fourth year of his age.

Mr. Royal Buck, in 1852, settled in Fond du Lac, and, for several years, published the iiountain City EeraU at that place. In 1860, he removed to Nebraska Territory ; published a paper at Nebraska City for a short time ; was a few years Register of the land office at that place ; las been in several kinds of business, and, at last accounts, was a farmer in Nebraska, in th a""* -^"^yi many years ago settled in Ripon, has represented his district two terms ^ Assembly; was a Major of the Nineteenth Regiment of Infantry, served two years in

William H. Wyman, soon after leaving the paper in 1852, became connected with the ^tna Insurance Company, and haS remained with that company ever since. He now has charge of its Western department, and is located at Cincinnati, Ohio. He is a very superior business man.

Albert U. Wyman followed setting type for a few years with great success. He ranked as the fastest compositor in the West. He then became a banker's clerk ; held a clerkship a short time in the office of Secretary of State, at Madison ; went to Nebraska, and was in the banking business at Omaha ; and many years ago he went to Washington, and served as Cashier of the Treasury Department, as Assistant Treasurer, and as Treasurer of the United States. He holds a high rank as a business man, and a man of the strictest integrity of character.

Hon. Horace Rublee, in the spring of 1869, was appointed United States Mmister Resident to Switzerland, a position he filled with great acceptance till the fall of 1876, when he resigned and returned to the United States, since which time he has engaged in no regular business

Hon. Harrison Reed, after his retirement from the State Journal, was appointed Tax Commissioner in Florida. After the war, he was elected and served one term as Governor of that State and is still a prominent citizen of it.

Hon. A. J'. Turner was for many years the editor of the State Register at Portage ; has served several terms in the Assembly; was Clerk of the Court in Columbia County; Chief Clerk of the State Senate, and, in 1878, became Railroad Commissioner, a position he still holds.

Hayden K. Smith has been for many years the financial editor of the Chicago Times, and is a man of decided ability,' and a clear and forcible writer.

L. J. Bates, since he left the State Journal, has been most of the time in Petroit, and has been connected with the editorial departments of several papers in that city, where he still resides.

Harlan M. Page now resides in Baraboo. His health has not been such aS to permit him to engage in any permanent business since he left the Journal office in 1876.

H. R. Farnum was one of the publishers of the Fond du Lac Reporter for a year or two ; he then became connected with a business house in Chicago, where he still remains.

Maj. J. 0. Culver, in the spring of 1877, removed to California, where he has heen engaged a portion of the time in mining operations, and was connected a year or two with the editorial staff of a paper at Oakland.

Thus is traced the history of a paper in Madison for the term of forty-one years, and of each person that has been known as connected with its editorial management during that long period of time. The State Journal is now in better condition financially than ever before; and connected with the establishment are a large book-printing office and stereotype foundry, which do a large business, and turn out very superior work.

The Wisconsin Democrat, the third paper established in Dane County, was printed in Madison. It was a six-column weekly. The first number was issued on the 18th of October, 1842. J. G. Knapp and John Delaney were its editors and proprietors. It was Democratic. On the 9th of February, 1843, John P. Sheldon and George Hyer succeeded Knapp & Delaney in its publicatif.n, and the paper was continued without further change until March 14, 1844, when its publication ended.

The Wisconsin Argus. - The first number of this paper was issued in Madison April 2^ 1844, S. Mills & Co., proprietors. The members of the firm were Simon Mills, John Y. Smm and Benjamin Holt. Mr. Smith had the entire control of the editorial department of the paper.