Dane County, Wisconsin - Chapter with an unread heading (no. 9 of those read), 1880 (part 1 of 2)

Madison As A City

Madison Apostrophized - The Charter - The Site - The New-Born City - City Officers, 1856 to 1880 - Regattas - Banks - The Beauties of Madison - Temperance Organizations - Monks Hall - Manufactories - Post Office - Mills - Fire Department - Madison as a Summer Ebsort - United States and State Census - Forest Hill Cemetery - Breweries - Hooley's Opera House - The Madison Maennerchor - St. George's Society - Madison Institute- Water Supply - Health of Madison.

The Charter

On the 2d day of February, 1856, the Trustees of the village of Madison appointed * committee, consisting of A. A. Bird, Simeon Mills, Thomas 0. Edwards and J. P. Atwood, to draw up a city charter and to procure, if possible, its passage by the Legislature then in session- The charter was drawn accordingly, and Madison became a city by an act approved March 4> following. The city limits, as described by the charter, included all of Section 6, except the east half of the southeast quarter, and all of Section 7, except the east half of the northeast fractional quarter, in Township 7 north, of Range 10 east ; Lots 3 and 4 in the southeast quarter of Section 12 ; all of Sections 13, 14, 23 and 24 ; all of the southeast fractional quarter of Section 15; the east fractional half of Section 22; the east fractional half of the southwest quarter of the same section ; so much of the north part of the west half of the northwest quarter of Section 26 as was covered by the recorded plat of Greenbush Addition to the village of Madison, and the northeast fractional quarter of Section 27, in Township 7 north, of Range 9 «ast; together with the entire surface of Lakes Monona and Mendota, to the shores at highwater mark around the same.

The city was divided into four wards. The elective officers were to be a Mayor, Treasurer, ^Warshal and Police Justice for the city at large. There were to be for each w^ird three Aldermen, one Justice of the Peace, one Assessor and one Constable elected. The Mayor and fi M *° ^^"^^ *° ^^ denominated the Common Council. The elections were to be held on the mst Monday of March in each year. At the first election, Jairus C. Fairchild was chosen m,*y°'' -^- 2- Braley, Police Justice; J. J. Starks, Treasurer; Frederick Mohr, Marshal. iHe toUowing Aldermen were elected : First Ward - Adam Kraetz, Thomas Herran, A. B. crooks. Second Ward - N. B. VanSlyke, D. J. Powers, J. N. Jones. Third Ward - C. G.

S. M. Van Bergen, Joseph Bobbins, Timothy Kinney. The charter provided for the appointment of a Clerk, while the senior Alderman was to be ex officio Street Commissioner. Th& appointment also of City Attorney and City Surveyor was provided for. The officers appointed the first year were William N. Seymour, Clerk ; Daniel R. Coit, City Attorney ; P, W. McCabe, City Surveyor.

The Site

Madison is situated in latitude 43 degrees 4 minutes and 20 seconds north, and in longitude 89 degrees 20 minutes west from Greenwich, England, and 12 degrees 20 minutes west from Washington, D. C. The city is about seventy-five miles in an air line from Lake Michigan, about ninety miles from the Mississippi River, thirty-nine miles from the southern boundary line of the State, and 240 miles from the nearest point on Lake Superior. It is therefore very near the center of the State (of which it is the capital) on an east-and-west line, but far from the center on a north-and-south line, being much nearer the southern than the northern boundary. It is twenty-three miles from the western, and nineteen miles from the eastern boundary of Dane County, of which it is the county seat, and midway between the northern and southern boundaries, being fifteen miles from each.

The most elevated ground upon the site is " University Hill," the summit of which is about 125 feet above the surrounding lakes. The ground upon which the capitol stands is about seventy-five feet, and the ridge that skirts Lake Mendota about eighty feet above the level of the water. Northeast of the capitol each of the lakes is skirted by a ridge thirty or forty feet high. Between these ridges the ground is flat, and was formerly a wet marsh. The effiDrts to reclaim this tract by draining have been successful, and a number of dwellings and shops have been erected upon it; also the works of the Madison Gas Light and Coke Company. Southwest, also, of the capitol, is a low, level tract ; but this portion is not as wet as the other. The site, with these exceptions, is abundantly high, and so rolling as to afford excellent drainage and beautiful building sites.

The New-Born City

In April, 1856, there were " five first-class dwellings going up, five brick dwellings, forty framed dwellings and sixteen stone and brick buildings for storesin progress" in Madison. The evidence of thrift and enterprise was tery apparent. The number of new-comers was large and increasing, and the prospects for the growth and prosperity of the city were never so promising. The names of the more important buildings, business firms and institutions in the city were as follows : The brick block built by W. D. Bruen, and known as Bruen's Block, occupied by the Dane County Bank and J. Richardson & Co., on the corner, as land agents; Hale & Harris, dry goods ; D. S. Durrie, books and stationery ; D. Holt, jeweler ; and Wright & Mayers as land agents and agents of the American Express Company - all on the first floor. The second floor by Orton & Hopkins, Atwood & Haskell and Hood & Tenney, attorneys ; Drs. Bowen & Bartlett, physicians ; Maul & Grimm, bookbinders ; State Agricultural Society ; Powers & Skinner, publishers; and State Journal editorial rooms. The third story by the Madison Mutual Insurance Company ; Madison Gaslight Company ; S. V. Shipman, architect ; the City Council and Clerk's office ; the Norske Amerikan Norwegian newspaper ; N. W. Dean, office ; W. H. Wyman, insuranqp agent; and Western Union Telegraph Company. The fourth story, the State Journal printing office ; Museum of the Wisconsin Natural History Association, and Mr. Bronson, artist. The building adjoining, on Pinckney street, occupied by S. Marshall as the Statfr Bank, on the main floor ; Delaplaine & Burdick, on the second floor, and by ex-Gov. larweli as a real estate office. The frame building next east occupied by L. Guild & Co., dry goods; similar building adjoining by Col well & Go., druggists; next, G. W. Oilman, boots and shoes, the second floor by J. C. Howells, dentist. The next building of brick, known as the Badger

Building first floor, Catlin, Williamson & Barwise, land office and exchange dealers, and Smith k Keves! as attorneys. The upper part was used by the United States Hotel, which adjoined it on the east ; the basement by W. H. Noland, barber, P. L. Mohr, real estate dealer, and the United States Hotel. In Fairchild's Block, on Main street, S. Klauber & Co., dry goods, occupied two stores on the first floor, and Corss & Merrill, one, clothing ; on the second floor was the St. Julien Saloon ; the third floor was occupied by Langrishe k Atwater, as a theater. In the basement, A. P. Doerschlag han a saloon. In the adjoining frame building, was Grleason & Memhard, first floor, dry goods and hardware, and G. E. Woodward, attorney; the next by Isaac Bonnell, stove store, and A. Neuhoff, clothing ; adjoining, by Donaldson & Tredwav, dry goods, and second floor by Abbot, Clark & Coit, attorneys, the banking house of M. T. Martin, B. U. Caswell's hat store, and French, as a saloon. The next brick store, owned by J. C. Fairchild, occupied by D. C. Poole, dry goods and crockery, and second floor by Vilas, Roys & Pinney, Drs. Gray & Brown, Col. Fairchild's office, and that of William Welch, Justice of the Peace. The adjoining building, the Capitol House, kept by Nelson & Russell, also occupied by Cook & Belden, jewelers, and M. Strauss, as tobacconist. Across Wisconsin avenue, the next business firm was R. T. Curtis & Co. (T. Reynolds), dry goods and groceries, in the brick store built by W. C. Wells in 1851 ; the next building was occupied by W. B. Jarvis, land agent, T. S. Woodward, drugs and medicines, and S. R. Fox, hardware ; and, across Carroll street, Miss McMahon, milliner ; A. Abbott, marble shop ; and Sanderson, milliner ; Reuil Noyes, land office ; the adjoining building, across Fairchild street, being the County Court House.

Among other buildings erected this year was P. H. Van Bergen's Block, corner of Clymer 'and Pinckney streets ; R. S. Bacon & Co., Commercial College Building ; Billings & Carman's Plow Manufactory, City Engine-houses, Fox & Atwood's stone block (occupied by S. R. Pox, Mrs. Trevoy and A. Rasdall), stone block on King street, James Campbell's Planing-mill on Washington avenue, south of the capitol, and several private residences.

But the next year (1857) was a disastrous one in a financial point of view. Early in the fall, the "monetary panic" came over the country, and the Western States felt it severely - Wisconsin as a State, and Madison as a city. A number of merchants were obliged to yield to the pressure and scarcity of money and close up their places of business. The private improvements of the city were much afi"ected.

During the sessions of the Legislature of .1858, an effort was made to remove the capital to the city of Milwaukee. A bill was introduced into the Assembly, and, on its being read a third time, there was a tie vote. J. H. Knowlton, who had opposed the bill, changed his vote for the removal, which carried the bill. He then moved to re-consider the vote and to lay that motion upon the table, which was adopted, thus virtually killing the bill for the session.

Ready-made Clothing and Merchant Tailors. - A. G. Campbell, S. Klauber & Co., Friend & Crawford, Flesch & Fecheimer, Levi Strauss, A. NewhofF & Co., Sulsbacher & Rosenthall, Lodwick Jones, G. Yagla, W. Griffith.

Masons and House Contractors. - A. A.. Bird, Parkin & Mitchell, Livsey & Carroll, Andrus Tial, Oakley & Sharp, Brooks & Swift, W. H. Demarest, Woodhurst & Coleman, Harvey & Johnson, Hokey & Josephs, E. B. Quinn.

1860-61 - G. B. Smith, Mayor ; 0. G. Mayers, Clerk ; J. C. Schette, Treasurer ; A. B. Braley, Police Justice; J. A. Slavia, Street Superintendent (resigned, F. S. Van Bergen elected to fill the office of Chief of Police and Street Superintendent) ; C. Ainsworth, City Attorney; P. W. McCabe, City Surveyor; David H. Wright, City Assessor. Aldermen - First Ward, J. Zehnpfenning, F. O'Bryan, P. H. Turner ; Second Ward, J. Bayer, J. W. Sumner D. K. Tenney ; Third Ward, F. C. Festner, D. Clark, K. Tierney ; Fourth Ward, J. A. Byrne' T. Kinney, J. Y. Smith.

1862-63 - William T. Leitch, Mayor ; William A. Hayes, Clerk ; Frederick B. Hutching, Treasurer ; C. Ainsworth, Police Justice ; Andrew Bishop, Street Superintendent and Chief of Police; Wakeley & Vilas, City Attorneys; Levi P. Drake, City Surveyor; Peter H. Turner, City Assessor. Aldermen - First Ward, John Kavanaugh (to fill vacency). E. B. Dean, Jr.,

No one could live long on the borders of such beautiful lakes as surround Madison without longing for a boat ; and very soon after the first settlement of the village boats began to appear on the waters, generally of rather rude construction, although occasionally one of better model and build could be seen.

The first regatta was held on Lake Monona in 1854. A grand stand was erected at the foot of what is now known as Monona avenue, and the course for row-boats was one mile and reoeat. A great deal of enthusiasm was manifested, and a very enjoyable time realized. James Livesey and his partner constructed a long, narrow, flat-bottomed skiff, and won the first

In 1856, the regatta was held on the 4th of July. The rowing races were disposed of in the afternoon, but there was not wind enough to sail until evening. The race was started at 6.47 P. M., the following boats contesting: Blue Bell, Maria, Mary Eliza, Breeze, Foam, Teaser, Undine, Sylph. The race was won by the Blue Bell, in 53.30. These races were all conducted under the management of C. G. Mayers.

After this time more or less interest was taken in yachting and boating, but no more regattas were sailed until the summer of 1870, in which year four regattas were held, all on Lake Mendota, except the third, which was sailed on Lake Monona, in which several yachts from Milwaukee participated, and afterward were purchased by residents of our city.

These additions to our little fleet hastened the organization of a regular yacht club. This event took place during the following winter, when the Mendota and Lake City Yacht Clubs were merged into the Madison Yacht Club, incorporated by act of the Legislature, February 25, 1871.

The summer of 1871 developed an enthusiasm for yachting that carried the club on to a high state of prosperity. Numerous regattas were held, valuable prizes were offered and outside competition invited.

This invitation was responded to by the full-rigged sloop H. H. Harshaw, of Oshkosh, she returned the winner of the regatta. This, though it shook the faith of particular owners of fast yachts in the unrivaled speed of their pets, was nevertheless of benefit to the fleet in utilizing the advantages presented by a comparison of models.

The summer of 1872 passed with numerous regattas, large additions being made to the fleet, and the character of the yachts continuously improving. Transient visitors were interested in this pastime, and contributed materially to its development and support.

1873 - Still further enlarged the fleet of yachts, the new additions invariably being the wmners of the regattas held. This was the natural consequence of experience in construction, rigging and sailing, one of the objects of yacht clubs. It, however, also had a dispiriting effect on owners of former favorites, whose zeal began to manifest a decline.

1874 - Among other regattas sailed this summer, one was contested by the sloop Minnie, of Hudson. This time, also, the Madison fleet was doomed to defeat. This regatta was well contested, and afforded enjoyment to a large number of spectators.

1875 - C. G. Mayers was elected to succeed M. T. Bailey as Commodore of the Club. Several regattas were sailed during the summer. The races sailed were well contested.

1876 - Commodore Mayers re-elected. This was a quiet season for sailing aquatics, the races being confined to the yachts of the Madison fleet. The following summer, however, under the commodoreship of A. H. West, a grand regatta took place, in which the sloop-yacht Fearless, of Geneva, participated, winning the race by time allowance. This regatta was closely contested, though the wind was insufiBcient to make exciting sport.

The First National Bank, of Madison, succeeding the Dane County Bank, commenced business as a private bank January 1, 1854, and was owned by N. B. Vanslyke and James Richardson ; N. B. Vanslyke, Cashier. On the 1st of September following, it was organized in the same name under the State Banking Law, the stockholders being Levi B. Vilas, President with 200 shares ; Leonard V. Farwell, Vice President, 150 shares ; N. B. Vanslyke, Cashier 150 shares; making a capital of $50,000.

The National Banking Act of June 3, 1863, having practically prohibited the issue of circulating notes, by State banks, the Dane County Bank re-organized November 26, 1863, under the title of " The First National Bank of Madison, Wis.," and numbered 144 in the consecutive order of National bank charters.

Deceaaber 1, 1870, the capital was increased to $100,000. January 1, 1871, Wayne Ramsay became Cashier in place of Mr. Mason, and ten days thereafter the capital was increased to $150,000, which, in April, 1877, was again reduced to $100,000 - the least amount allowed by the National Currency Act for towns having 10,000 inhabitants or over.

The Directors are N. B. Vanslyke, President ; Andrew Proudfit, Vice President ; Wayne Ramsay, Cashier ; M. E. Fuller, B. J. Stevens, William F. Vilas and James B. Moseley.

The State Bank, Pinckney street, Madison, was the first bank incorporated in Wisconsin under the general banking law of 1852. It was organized by Marshall & Ilsley, bankers, of Milwaukee, and commenced business January 1, 1853. Samuel Marshall has been President since its organization. H. K. Holly was Cashier for about two years, and was succeeded by J. Alder Ellis, who resigned in 1863. In 1865,- Lucien S. Hanks, who had been Teller for the previous five years,, was appointed Cashier, and still holds that position, assisted by J. Howard Palmer, the latter having also been associated with the bank for many years.

The Park Savings Bank was organized February 15, 1871. Among the incorporators were J. B. Bowen, James E. Baker, N. W. Dean, S. L. Sheldon, Joseph Smith, George A. Mason, Manning Tredway, W. W. Tredway, J. W. Hobbins, M. D. Miller and others. The bank was opened for business November 1, 1871, the officers being George A. Mason, President; J. E. Baker, Vice President, and Manning Tredway, Cashier, with the following Board of Directors : J. B. Bowen, George A. Mason, J. E. Baker, S. L. Sheldon, N. W. Dean, Joseph Smith and Manning Tredway. The banking office is located in a building owned by the corporation situated on the corner of Washington avenue and Pinckney streets, the former site of the old American House. The building is three stories high, with basement, built of Madison stone, and is finished inside with black walnut and maple and French plate glass throughout, making one of the handsomest and, most substantially built buildings in the city of Madison. The banking office is arranged in a most commodious and convenient manner, and is supplied with Hall's sate and vault-work, with Yale time-lock attached. The bank is doing a general banking business, and has in connection a savings department. The present officers are J. B. Bowen, President ; A. W. Clarke, Cashier, and Brigham Bliss, Teller.

German Bank.^Th.is is a private bank, founded in August, 1871, by J. J. Suhr. He does a general banking and foreign exchange business. He is the agent of several steamship lines of which may be mentioned the North German Lloyd, the Hamburg- American Packet Commnv'and the American Red Star Line. He also gives attention to collecting foreign inheritances.

The Beauties Of Madison

" A great many efforts have been made to depict the beauties of Madison, but no words can convey an adequate idea of what is, indeed, indescribable. The reason of this is that every new point of observation creates a shifting panorama - that no two exhibit the same scenery. From any considerable elevation, a circuit of near thirty miles in every direction is visible. Four lakes lie embosomed like gems, shining in the midst of groves of forest trees, while the gentle swells of the prairies, dotted over by fields and farms, lend a charm to the view which words cannot depict. From the dome of the capitol to the dome of university hall, the whole bearing and aspect of the country is so changed as scarcely to be recognized as identical. On the west, the lofty peak of the West Blue Mound, twenty-five miles away, towers up against the sky, like a grim sentinel guarding the gateway toward the setting sun, while the intermediate setting is filled in with swelling hills, majestic slopes, levels and valleys of rivers and rivulets. Madison is the center of a circle whose natural beauties compass all that is charming to the eye, grateful to the senses, pleasing to the imagination, and which, fyom its variety and perfection, never grows tedious or tiresome to the spectator. The good taste of the citizens has preserved the native forest trees, so that its dwellings are embowered in green, and' buried in foliage in the proper season to that extent that the whole city cannot be seen from any point of view. It is, in itself, unique, like its surroundings, and the transient traveler gains no conception of the place by barely passing through it."

" A lake, which, lovely in its rest, Is grander still with ruffled breast ; The poet lingers long to note The shadowy clouds which o'er thee float; And sunset isles of gold and blue, Changed by each cloud to its own hue j Till, almost wondering which is sky, So perfect is the semblance nigh. He turns, and in thy praise he sings, Whose every change new beauty brings.' '

Temperance Organizations

No record can be found of any temperance organization previous to about 1847, when a Division of the Sons of Temperance was instituted. This Division flourished for about ten years, when it ceased to exist. Quite a number of prominent citizens were connected with it, among whom may be named George B. Smith, J. G. Knapp, Willett S. Main, David H. Wright, U. C. Church, Daniel Noble Johnson, Alfred Main.

On the 19th day of March, 1856, Capital Lodge, No. 1, Independent Order of Good Templars, was organized by F. A. Atherly, D. R. W. G. T., assisted by H. H. Giles, then of Stoughton, and others. The charter was received from the R. W. G. Lodge, there being no Grand Lodge in the State at that time. It was the eleventh lodge instituted in the State. The ten previously instituted having ceased to exist. Capital Lodge has been known as No. 1 since October 7, 1873.

The names of the charter members, as inserted in the original charter, are as follows : Stephen Jex, Mrs. Caroline Hawley, William Ilawley, J. W. Buck, Christiania Church, J. M. Burwell, C. C. Church, Levi Thayer, J. A. Somerby, J. 0. Burwell, Hannah Jex, N. B. ^^rampton, C. A. Reynolds, Mrs. N. B. Crampton, C. N. Moore.

-11 "* ?^ *^® original charter members are now (1880) members of the lodge ; some 8 111 reside in the city, some have moved away and some have died. Of the present members, tne one who has been longest in connection with the lodge is Samuel D. Hastings, who united of the Legislature from Trempealeau. Rev. M. D. Miller and Mary A. Winslaide have been in continuous connection with the lodge since April 5, 1859. Mrs. S. E. Pierson was the earliest connected with the lodge of any who are now members, having united March 25, 1856 but one week after its institution, but she lost her membership and again united at a later date.

The loss of some of the earlier records of the lodge renders it impossible to give a 'complete sketch of its early history. The names of 1,650 persons who have been members of the lodge are found upon the records now in existence, but this is by no means the whole number who have been connected with it. It is safe to say that nearly 2,000 persons have united with it since its organization.

Rev. E. C. "Wyrick, Rev. M. D. Miller, Rev. A. McWright, Rev. M. Himebaugh, now agent of the Western Seaman's Friend Society ; Rev. J. C. Aspinwall, Rev. A. B. Green, a Chaplain in the army, who united while in Camp Randall with his regiment; Rev. J. A. Sweatland, Rev. George Fellows, Rev. Porter H. Snow, Rev. A. H. Walter, Rev. P. S. ,Mather, Rev. H. K. Cobb, Rev. J. E. Johnson, at one time Pastor of the Baptist Church in this city ; Rev. J. C. Fuller, Rev. H. Stone Richardson, Rev. Lathrop Taylor, at one time Pastor of the Congregational Church of Madison ; Rev. W. H. Thompson, Rev. Dr. W. H. Brisbane, Rev. Dr. B. D. Huntley, now President of Lawrence University ; and Rev. M. Benson.

The following-named lawyers, who are now or at some period in the past were members of the Madison bar, have been members of this lodge : Hon. Thomas Hood, now of Washington ; D. K. Tenney, Farlin Q. Ball and J. L. High, now distinguished members of the Chicago bar ; J. W. Johnson, one of the most eloquent men of his day ; J. C. McKinney and J. E. Wildish, now of Milwaukee ; T. J. Widvey, of La Crosse ; John C. Spooner, now of Hudson ; Jndge J. G. Knapp, now of Florida ; D. Lloyd Jones, now of Stevens Point ; J. H. Carpenter, LL. D ; Herbert A. Lewis, Rufus B. Smith and W. H. Rogers, still of this city.

The following well-known present or past residents of the city have been members of the lodge at some period during its existence : A. T. Bruce, the auctioneer ; Frank Dorn, Wm. P. Towers, W. J. Parks, Elisha Burdick, E. B- Dean, Jr., Abijah Abbott, the late Mrs. Chauncey, L. Williams, Charles E. Bross, Robert Wootten, Dr. 0. M. Twitchell, Charles D. Atwood, Jacob Seeman, C. H. Billings, E. S. McBride, John A. Johnson, M. L. Daggett, A. M. Daggett, E. A. Tappan, John Hawks, James D. Butler, Mrs. Anna B. Butler, Ezra Copp, S. E. Pierson, Frank Stoltz, R. M. La Fdllette, H. H. Giles, John Gallagher, John Griffith, Arthur C. Mills, Mrs. Sarah F. Dean, Mrs. E. C. DeMoe, M. B. French, Hiram Johnson, Estes Wilson, Charles Hawks, Dr. Charles H. Hall, Mrs. Dr. Wilson, A. L. Davison, John Cory, Alex Gill, Thomas Dean, William Davidson, Charles F. Lamb, Howard Hoyt. George W. Stone, Hallie W. Main, C. A. Daley, Frank E. Parker, Charles K. Tenney, H. A. Draper, Andrew Isaacs, Frank W. Hoyt.

The following are names of persons who were members of the lodge while residents of the city, or while here temporarily as members of the Legislature, or for some other purpose :

Three hundred and sixty-two volunteers, while at Camp Randall, were initiated into the lodge. On the evening of the 7th of May, 1861, Capt. Julius F. Randolph, of the Randall Guards of Madison, with forty-nine members of his company, were initiated at one time.

At the time Capital Lodge was organized, there was in existence in the city a division of the Sons of Temperance, but it soon after ceased to work.

Within a year or two after the organization of Capital Lodge, another Good Templar Lodge was instituted, known as State Central Lodge, but it continued in existence -but a few years.

Some years later an effort was made to revive the Sons of Temperance. A division was organized, but it lived but a short time, as Capital Lodge of Good Templars seemed to fully cover the ground.

A large number of persons united with this lodge that had always kept aloof from Capital Lodge, and Madison Lodge soon became one of the largest and most efficient lodges in the State, numoermg at one time nearly 200 members. There was a work for this lodge to do, and it did it, and, when the members felt that its work was done, its charter was surrendered, and such of its members as felt there was still work for them to do in connection with the Order of Good Templars, united with Capital Lodge, and are now among its most useful members.

At several periods during the past twenty-five years, the matter of the organization of open, temperance societies has been agitated, and twice such societies have been started. Some years since, Madison was favored with one or two lectures by the late Dr. Charles Jewett, one of the ablest and best men ever engaged in the temperance work. The meetings were held in the Baptist Church, and, under the inspiration created by the Doctor's lectures, an open temperance society was organized, and the members of Capital Lodge, as on all similar occasions, united in the movement, and did what they could to help it forward. For awhile the meetings were well attended, and it was hoped the organization would prove permanent and efficient ; but the attendance soon began to fall off, and, in the course of a few months, scarcely any one attended the meetings but Good Templars, and they soon came to the conclusion that they could accomplish more by concentrating their efforts upon the work of their own lodge.

Some five or six years ago, Waubesa Lodge, I. 0. G. T., was instituted in the western part of the city, near the Fair Grounds. This lodge is still in existence, and has done, and is still doing, a good work.

Within the past few years a Temple of Honor has been instituted in the city, which has occupied a ground peculiar to itself, and, in its appropriate sphere, has done a grand work, which no other organization had succeeded in doing.

It is still in existence, and is actively engaged in its good work. It is, without doubt, mdebted more to the faithful labors of Henry M. Lewis, United States District Attorney, than to any other one person for its success.

For a period of some ten years, from 1859 to 1869, there was in the city an organization among the children and youth, known as the Band of Hope.

It was organized in the month of June, 1859, by Samuel D. Hastings, then State Treasurer, and was under his charge a good share of the time during its existence.

J. L. Pickard, while Superintendent of Public Instruction ; Rev. Lathrop Taylor, while wtor of the Congregational Church ; W. P. Tower, while Superintendent of the Baptist Sunday bchool, and Herbert Reed, each had charge of the Band during limited periods.

JNearly 1,100 children and youth took the triple pledge of abstinence from intoxicating orinks, tobacco and profanity, in co^nnection with this 'Band of Hope, and, while some have roken their pledges, many have kept them inviolate to the present time.

who fifteen and twenty years ago were children, are now men and women, u *v, "^Ofis of many of those who were connected with this Band of Hope will be recognized By the present citizens of Madison.

The Band of Hope may, in a certain sense, be regarded as a child of Capital Lodge, No. 1, I. 0. G. T. It was organized by a member of Capital Lodge, and the most of those who aided in carrying it on were members of this lodge, and many of the members of the band are now members of the lodge.

Capital Lodge has been in existence nearly a quarter of a century. During the entire period the lodge-room has been open on every Tuesday evening, unless, by reason of the Grand Lodge being in session in the city, or of some temperance work in some other direction, a meeting may have occasionally been omitted.

Between 1,200 and 1,300 regular lodge meetings have been held. The pledge of total abstinence has been administered to nearly 2,000 persons. A large proportion of the public temperance meetings, that have been held in the city during the past twenty-five years, have been originated by this lodge. The lodge has secured the speakers, given notice of the meetings and paid all expenses, and kept itself entirely in the background, claiming none of the credit. During the period of its existence the members have contributed to pay running expenses and to carry on temperance work, between f4,000 and $5,000.

Some that took the pledge of total abstinence at its altar have broken it ; but the great majority have been true, both to its letter and to its spirit, and not only in Madison and in Wisconsin, but all over the land can be found evidences of the good results of the labors of this humble temperance organization.

The Father Mathew temperance pledge was at that time administered by Rev. Father Vahey to the following-named persons : John B. Hyland, Herbert A. Monaghan, Peter Coyne, Martin O'Connell, James Riley, Michael Kearns, Patrick Brogan, Simeon Dunn, Hugh Joyce, William Martin, John B. Moran. Ed Genaughty, Thomas Doyle, Charles Heran, Thomas H. McGrath, James Devlin, John Halligan, John Moran, John Dayley, Tim Brehany, James Maroney and John Doyle.

On the 14th of January, the pledge was administered to the following-named persons : E. C Burke, James Reynolds, John Gillen, George P. Harrington, Thomas Kelly, John Dunn, James Andrews, Thomas Higgins, John Devlin, Hugh Riley, William O'Toole, John O'Toole, James Hamilton and Dennis Haggerty.

The organization was completed at this meeting by the election of the following ofiBcers : President, John B. Hyland ; Vice President, E. C. Burke ; Secretary, Herbert A. Monaghan ; Treasurer, Martin O'Connell.

The object of this society, as set forth in its constitution, " shall be to promote temperance ; to aid any of its members who may stand in need by reason of sickness or bodily injury, and especially to promote the unity and the spiritual and temporal welfare of its members."

The society has been in existence nearly nine years, and during this period has administered the total abstinence plec^ge to nearly three hundred persons.

The present ofiBcers of the society are as follows : President, Richard T. Cummins ; Vice President, Francis Daley ; Secretary, Bernard Halligan ; Treasurer, Patrick Kelly ; Marshal, James Hayes.

On the 18th of January, 1880, our city was visited by Miss Frances E. Willard, of Evanston^ 111., the President of the Woman's National Christian Temperance Union.

As one result of her two most able and eloquent addresses, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Madison was organized, consisting at the time of its institution of sixty-seven members, which has since been increased to ninety-six, among whom will be found many of the best and most prominent women of the city.

The following are the names of the ofiBcers then elected: President, Mrs. H. A. Miner; Vice Presidents, Mrs. A. H. Main, Miss C. L. Ware, Mrs. James E. Baker, Mrs. J. E. Irish, Mrs. J. E. Moseley, Miss Ella A. Giles; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Emma C. Bascom ; Recording Secretary, Miss Mary M. Miller ; Treasurer, Mrs. F. W. Oakley.

Under its auspices have been 'held some of the largest and most interesting temperance meetings ever held in the city. Able addresses have been delivered by Miss Frances E. Willard, of Evanston, 111. ; Prof G. E. Foster, of New Brunswick ; Mrs. J. E. Foster, of Clinton, Iowa, andiRev. E. L. Eaton, of Beloit.

The union have procured a large number of signatures to the temperance pledge ; have circulated more or less temperance literature, and have in operation, plans for continuing to circulate such literature, and have in various other ways labored for the advancement of the cause.

They are now perfecting plans by which they hope to do something for a class of boys in the city who seem to be outside of all good influences.

Suitable rooms have been secured, where these boys will be invited to spend their week-day evenmgs and Sunday afternoons, where they will be met by various members of the union, who will try to please, interest and instruct them. The rooms will be made pleasant and attractive to the boys by games, amusements and entertainments during the evenings, that will be interspersed with the instructions imparted.

A dwelling-house formerly located on the corner of Wisconsin avenue and Clymer street, was moved off in the month of June, 1873. to make room for a more modern structure afterward erected by David Atwood for a private residence. This house was one of the old landmarks of Madison, and had its historic incidents. It was erected in 1842, by Peter H. Van Bergen, through whose energy many of the finest buildings in Madison were constructed. In the Til ^^aT °^ '^'^ "loise, a select school was taught in it by J. R. Brjgham. On graduating from ege, Mr. Brigham returned to his home in Madison, and issued a notice for a select school in tin -l"^?'.*"" hither the then children, now men and women, some of whom have become dis- 8ch l' "^ ^^^i, repaired and received instruction in the rudiments of an education. The ' was a success. The young teacher also proved a success in the world.

The house was then used as a dwelling, with frequent changes of occupants for many years. At one time, Abram Ogden, resided there. He was a brother of William B. Ogden, of Chicago. Afterward it was occupied by Mrs. Jesse A. Glark, William Welch, Dr. Gray, Dr. Rudd, Alfred Earl, Williard I. Gordon, George Capron, and others, as a private residence.

In the winter of 1853, the house became esppcially noted as " Monks' Hall." Under this title, its reputation was extensive. It has been spoken of as the political headquarters of the " Forty Thieves." This was not wholly correct. That thieves resorted there during the winter, no one could deny ; but they were not wholly of any political party, nor were they wholly of that set known in the State as the "Forty Thieves." There were at least forty of them,. and their conduct was no better than that of the regular forty, but all the sins of " Monks' Hall," during the winter of 1853, must not be charged to the parties known as the "Forty Thieves." Added to their other sins, this would be too much. It was, perhaps, the first great railroad session of the Legislature of Wisconsin. The " Rock River Valley Union Railroad Company," which had a blooming existence at that time, and which afterward figured somewhat extensively in foreign countries, was asking legislation,- »and this old house became the headquarters of that organization under the euphonious name of "Monks' Hall." It was here that members were taken in and done for ; they were fed here, and they took liquid beverages in the same place ; rates were fixed with various appliances, and nights were often made hideous. But we will not attempt to give a detailed history of that winter at " Monks' Hall." Most of the prominent actors in the scenes of that time have gone to their long home; and we willingly throw the veil of oblivion over many of their deeds during this eventful winter, and trust the after lives of the individuals engaged in the work of that session at Monks' Hall have good enough in them to compensate for the evils of that time. The operations of that winter in this building may be insignificant compared with those that have since occurred in matters pertaining to railroads, but in the then innocent condition of the people, before railroads had reached Madison the scenes of that winter were deemed especially hard.

The old house is gone, and a new one on the same lot has taken its place, which is better suited to the location and the age in which we live.

Madison Plow Works. - These works were founded in 1846, by Charles H. Billings, a native of Cazenovia, Madison Co., N. Y., who moved from Cazenovia to Naperville, 111., then learned the trade of plow-making, and, in the year above mentioned, came to Madison, and, in connection with George A. Cary, started a general blacksmithing and plow shop, on the corner of Morris (now Main) and Webster streets.

In 1849, he formed a copartnership with S. H. Carman, under the firm name of Billings & Carman. In 1854, they built a new factory on King street, which was burned in 1856. The same year, they rebuilt the factory (now known as Breckheimer's Brewery). In 1860, Mr. Carman went to Pike's Peak. In 1864, Mr. Billings removed the works to the corner of Blair and, Williamson streets, East Madison. In September, 1866, Mr. Frank H. Firmin became a partner in the business under the name and style of Firmin & Billings. In July, 1869, the works were again removed to Webster street. In October, 1876, Mr. Walter C. Noe became a partner under the name of Firmin, Billings & Noe, and in 1879, Mr. John B. Norton became a partner under the name of Firmin, Billings & Co. January 19, 1880, a joint-stock company was organized under the laws of the State of Wisconsin, called the " Madison Plow Company," with an authorized capital of $35,000. The officers of the company are F. H. Firmin, President and Treasurer ; J. B. Norton, Vice President ; W. C. Noe, Secretary ; C. H. Billings, Superintendent.

The company have purchased the old " Garnhart Reaper Works," on Washington avenue, near the Catfish, and have fitted them up, aod are now occupying the same (November, 1880) as a plow factory. They are steadily and surely building up a fine trade. Their goods are well and favorably known throughout Wisconsin and the Nprthwest - especially for their thorough m&ke superior strength and durability, and greater adaptation to the peculiar soil of this section of country. They make a full line of steel plows, including stubble, sod, corn-breaking nlows etc. Their heavy grub-breakers are a specialty. They have recently made arrangements' with the patentee for manufacturing chilled iron plows under the Seaman patent, which are said to be superior to any other plow of the kind in the world.

Sorenaen, Fredericksen ^ Fish. - The business now carried on by this firm was first commenced in 1863 by D. T. Sorensen and N. Fredericksen, in a one-story frame building, 20x40, which stood just next to the Irish Catholic Church, on Lot 7, Block 67. Here they had a little machinery for making sash, doors, etc., which was operated by a one-horse-power engine in the shape of an old lame equine. In 1865, their business having largely increased, they erected a frame shop, in dimensions 40x80 feet, on the present site, and moved in. They also at this time changed the old horse-power for a ten-horse-power engine, bought for them in the oil regions of Pennsylvania at a cost of f 500, and added planers, matchers, etc., to their machinery. In 1867, the increase of business warranting further improvements, the frame shop was inclosed by the main part of the present structure, it being 48x96, two stories, built of stone from the Madison quarry and roofed with metal. A twenty-horse-power engine was also added and new machinery put in. In June, 1874, William T. Fish, an old resident and practical mechanic and builder, was taken into the firm for the purpose of extending building operations and adding a lumberyard. Again, and for the last time, in 1876, their business facilities were increased by building an addition, 40x72 feet, enlarging their engine-house to accommodate a new forty-five-horsepower engine and boiler to match, and erecting a patent dry-house, where green lumber can be seasoned in ten days. They have now thirty different machines, costing from $10 to $1,200, and do as good cabinet and carpentering work, in both hard and soft woods, as can be done anywhere.

The representative value of yard, stock and mill, is about $55,000. They handle (sell and work up) about 3,000,000 feet of lumber annually, and employ twenty- five men nearly the year round. To illustrate as to the extent of the business done, which is almost entirely local in its character, we make the following notes: Over $200,000 worth of work done on the capitol building and $250,000 on the Elgin Insane Hospital. Also, the carpenter-work on the Park Hotel and other expensive jobs, were done by them. In fine, this is to-day one of the representative firms in the State as well as in Madison, and, when it is considered how few years have been employed in realizing this growth, one can but admire the industry that has achieved so much and the resources surrounding that have rendered it possible.

Madison Manufacturing Company. - The first building in this company's grounds was erected for a saw-mill by Deacon Gorham in 1853. Two or three years after, J. E. Brown purchased the property and converted the mill into a foundry and machine-shop. At that time there was but one other foundry in the village ; the last mentioned was located on State "street, west of Housman's Brewery, which burned fourteen years ago.

In the spring of 1859, P. H. Turner bought out Mr. Brown and enlarged some of the buildings. In 1860, the property passed into the hands of E. W. Skinner, who erected the present stone foundry and other buildings that subsequently burned. At this time, reapers and mowers were built there on a large scale. In 1864, 0. S. Willey came into the firm, and they '"k^k '^'^^^ engaged very extensively in the manufacture of sorghum-mills and evaporators, which they sent to all parts of the country. So large was this business that, in 1865, their sales amounted to $150,000. In December, 1865, S. D. Hastings became a partner in the firm, which continued until March 8, 1869 ; then, by act of Legislature, the firm^ upon application, Decame incorporated as the Madison Manufacturing Company. The first regular meeting, for a stock-company organization, was held November 22, 1869. At this meeting, subscriptions ^ere taken for stock to the amount of $40,000, there being forty-five subscribers. A committee s also appointed to draft a constitution, and a board of seven, including officers, was elected, J T mi" ^" ^' ^°^"an. President ; T. Brown, Vice President ; S. D. Hastings, Secretary ; ^- UiU, Treasurer ; F. J. Lamb, General Superintendent ; and Philo Dunning and J. W.

Hudson. In August, 1870, F. J. Lamb resigned and J. W. Hudson was elected to his place. J. L. Hill resigned in the fall of 1873. S. D. Hastings then became Secretary and Treasurer remaining in office until Hiram Johnson was elected, in October, 1875. T. Brown died in 1879 and F. J. Lamb was elected, December 11, to fill the vacancy. In the summer of 1879, William Dudley died ; C. L. Dudley was elected in his place October 13 of that year. N. W. Dean, W. Waddle, Wayne Ramsay and Halle Steensland have been on the board also.

On the morning of the 23d of December, 1869, the principal shops, with the appurtenances were burned, at a loss of about $10,000, with $6,0OO insurance. The same day, the Directors met, and started the present building. This is 45x150 feet, built of brick. There is one engine of twenty-five-horse power and another of ten-horse power, with various lathes, drills and other machinery. There is also everything needed in the way of wood-working machinery. In fact, everything is completely arranged for doing a large general manufacturing business. Twentyfive to thirty men are constantly employed, and a business aggregating $40,000 per annum is done.

Dean ^ Son, Contractors and Builders. - This firm began the business of building and manufacturing combined in 1872. Their shop, located on Main street, is 24x40 feet, and is conveniently arranged. They have a twelve-horse-power engine (located in a separate brick building), a good planer and a large number of improved wood-working machines. The estimated value of property is $5,000. They employ from fifteen to twenty hands, and do a flourishing business.

Ball Brothers' Foundry. - This establishment was built by Hiram Brown about 1870. It was used by him for the manufacture of feed-steaming machines, but the business did not prove a success, and after about two years it was discontinued. The shop lay idle for three or four years, then was taken by the firm of Newton & Slater, who did a general manufacturing business. In the spring of 1877, 0. E. Ball bought out Newton & Slater and took R. B. Dudgeon in as a partner. This firm continued for a short time only, then changed to Ball Brothers. The foundry and shops cover an area of 65x150 feet. Twenty men are employed, and a general foundry and machine business is done. The shops are run under the special supervision and management of C. E. Ball.

Post Office

" On the 27th day of May, 1837," says John Catlin, " I established the post office [in Madison] by appointing Luther Peck as Deputy ; and the first mails were opened and the office kept in Eben Peck's house, his being the only family in Madison."

Mr. Catlin was then a resident of Mineral Point, but had agreed to settle in Madison upon being appointed Postmaster at the new capital. " On the 4th of July," continues Mr. Catlin, " Simeon Mills was sworn as Deputy Postmaster." The post office was then transferred to a log building on Lot 8, Block 108, where Mr. Catlin and Mr. Mills kept the first store in Madison. A mail route was established between Milwaukee and Mineral Point at an early day, the mails being carried on horseback. Late in the fall of 1837, two routes were established, which connected with Madison ; one from Galena to Fort Winnebago, the mail being carried in a two horse wagon ; and one from Milwaukee to Madison, the mail being carried on foot or horseback.

Simeon Mills was contractor on the latter route at $800 per year, and made one trip each week to Milwaukee, but before his time expired he put on a stage and made two trips per week. After Mr. Mills took the mail route, Steptoe Catlin, a brother of John Catlin, became Deputy Postmaster. In 1838, the firm of Catlin & Mills put up a frame building in place of the log house, and moved the store and post office into it. Then again, in 1839, Mr. Mills erected a small building on Lot 2, Block 103, into which the post office was removed and kept until after the inauguration of William Henry Harrison as President, when David Brigham was appointed Postmaster. He moved the office into a building owned by N. T. Parkinson on Lot 16, Block 114, where Brigham also had his law office. He was Postmaster until his death, which occurred in 1843. After Mr. Brigham's death, John Catlin was re-appointed, but resigned in favor of his brother Steptoe, who kept the office in a building on Lot 2, Block 104, David Holt being Deouty. In 1845, the death of Stephen Catlin left the office without a Postmaster, and, on the 20th of November of that year, David Holt was formally appointed. With the election of Taylor as President, the post office was transferred to the keeping of James Morrison, Mr. Holt being Deputy ; but, for various reasons, Morrison was objected to by Gov. Dodge, then at Washington, and, consequently, failed to get confirmed by the Senate, and finally, after holding the ofBce a few months, he was superseded by Chauncey Abbott. Mr. Abbott continued Postmaster until Franklin Pierce's Administration was inaugurated, in 1853, when he resigned and J. N. Jones was appointed. Mr. Jones moved the office into a frame building on his present lot No. 10, Block 102, where he kept it until the opera house building was completed ' in 1856, when he moved into a room of that block. In 1861, E. W. Keyes was appointed Postmaster, and has held the office since that time. Immediately after taking possession, he moved it into the brick building on Lot 2, Block 84, where it was kept until the erection of the post office building. On the 1st of February, 1871, the present office was ready for occupation, and possession was taken ; and, on the 1st of July following, the whole building was occupied by the various United States offices. The business done in the post office in Madison during the first quarter of the first year did not exceed $3, although the postage on a letter was from six-pence to 25 cents, and a per cent of this constituted the Postmaster's salary. Now how great a difference ; where one small package of letters was once sent and received weekly, now twentyone separate pouches of mail are dispatched daily, weighing 1,000 pounds, and the same number are received, weighing 800 pounds.

The amount of business done last year was estimated at $528,347.62, for the transaction of which a Postmaster, Assistant Postmaster and six clerks were required; the salary of the Postmaster being 3,000 per annum, and the total of Assistant and clerks $5,600. The office is supplied with 2,000 boxes, and throughout is one of the most commodious and best-arranged offices in the State.

Saw-Mills. - Madison has had four saw-mills - three propelled by steam and one by water. In the summer of 1837, William A. Wheeler, a millwright, came to Madison, and was engaged in the erection of a steam saw-mill on the bank of Lake Mendota, a little west of the foot of Butler street ; but as the engine and other machinery had to be brought from Detroit, it was not till about the close of the year that it was set in operation. Much of the timber used in the building of the first capitol was sawed in this mill.

In 1848, Simeon Mills erected, on Lots 6 and 7, Block 116, corner of Main and Blair streets, a steam saw-mill. In three or four years the mill was converted to other uses.

In the spring of 1849, L. J . Farwell commenced making permanent improvements at the outlet of Lake Mendota. A dam was built, and the water in the lake raised about two feet. Ihe Yahara, which connects this lake with Lake Monona, be^ng very circuitous, and its channel obstructed by logs and brushwood, a straight canal was cut from one lake to the other. During the summer, a building was erected having a saw-mill in one end and two runs of stone in the otherfor grist work.

Daniel Gorum built a steam saw-mill on Lake Mendota, near the university grounds, dHnng the year 1853. It was bought by I. E. Brown in 1856, and changed to a foundrypurchased by P H. Turner in 1859, and by him sold to E. W. Skinner. 0. S. Willey became a partner m 1864, and S. D. Hastings in 1865. This establishment did a large business in tne manufacture of sugar-mills ; in the year 1865, upward of 500 of these mills were sold.

'J'f % ifi7te. - The first mill built on the Yahara, at the outlet of Lake Mendota, as erected by L. J. Farwell in 1849 or 1850, and was a saw and grist mill combined, there throu V*r *°^ '^° °^ ^^^^^ ^°'' g"°'ii°g- ^^6 ^'^^ built very substantially of oak gnont, and of the ame size as the present mill. Governor Farwell run the mill until

1869, having in the meantime removed the saw and added two run of stone; then the title to the property passed to William Nelson, of New York, on a foreclosure of mortgage for $20,000. In 1860, William Boorman purchased the property; from him it was purchased by F. Brigga in July, 1864. Then, in January, 1866, Gr. H'. and Julius Earl & J. H. McNamara became the owners, and held the mill until the following year, when it again passed into the possession of F. Briggs. In January, 1867, James Robbins and C. C. G. Thornton bought in.

On the 19th of October, 1873, the mill was burned, and one of the employes lost his life in it. The proprietors immediately took the preliminary steps toward putting up a new mill ; and, on the 17th of November, the work of erection began, and on the 21st of February, 1874, the mill, with all its complicated machinery, had progressed so far that the feed stone began grinding, and, soon after, it was in the full tide of successful operation.

Externally, the mill is 50x50 feet square, and is four stories high, with unspliced timbers, 50 feet long, on a side ; 4x6 joists, and perpendicular timbers, 46 feet long, also unspliced. It is set up two and a half feet higher than the old mill. The sides are covered with matched boarding, sheathing paper and clap-boarding, thus making the building very warm. It is painted a pearl color, with dark drab trimmings. The roof is flat and thoroughly tinned. It has also an observatory commanding an extensive view. One hundred and fifty thousand feet of timber were used in the mill.

The waters of Lake Mendota furnish a 60-horse motive power, which pours over four turbine wheels, each self-supporting, one (if which is 65 inches in diameter, one 56 inches, one 66 inches, and the other 60 inches. There are five run of stone of the best French buhr. Within, the mill throughout is supplied with all the modern machinery found advantageous in making the very best quality of fiour, and runs without jar and almost without noise.

Fikb Department

The first steps taken toward organizing a Fire Department were at the regular meeting of the Common Council, May 14, 1856. It was then resolved that His Honor the Mayor be requested and empowered to select and purchase one or two first-class engines, with hose-pipes and appurtenances as he may think fit ; and it was also resolved that the Committee on City Property be, and they are hereby, instructed to select and contract for suitable sites for two engine-houses, said contract to be subject to the approval of the Common Council. Soon after, the Committee purchased the lots of engine-houses Nos. 1 and 2, for $1,000 each, and, later in the season, by regular order, the engine-houses were built, at a cost of $1,620.88 and $1,620.87 respectively. No. 1 engine-house is situated on Block 102, facing Webster, and engine-house No. 2 is located on Block 75, facing State street. During this year, the city also made sundry appropriations for the use of the department, amounting to $3,000, and in August caused the first three tanks to be built.

On the 13th of August, Mendota Fire Company No 1, organized April 10, 1856, reported sixty men to the Common Council, and Madison Fire Company No. 2, organized July 23, 1856, reported the same number soon after. By act of the Common Council, the services of both companies were accepted by the city, with certain restrictions and privileges.

Two hand-engines were purchased early in the spring of 1857, and arrived here on the 1st day of April of that year. On the following day, April 2, the Common Council met and resolved that the "Village Clerk be directed to inform the Foremen of the Fire Companies, Nos. 1 and 2, that the apparatus designed for their use had arrived, and, for the purpose of testing the working of the same, the Common Council requested an exhibition of the machinery, on the following Saturday, at 2 o'clock P. M., at the south corner of the capitol park.

On the third Monday in March, 1857, the Fire Department held its first regular meeting for the election of officers. The officers chosen were: John M. Griffin, Chief Engineer; Thomas P. Muldoon, First Assistant; Casper Zwickey, Second Assistant.

In December, 1857, the fire limits were established ; also, by this time a temporary hookand-ladder house was completed, at a cost of $345, and Chief Griffin reported a hook-and-ladder company organized.

On the 18th day of January, 1858, Sack Company No. 1 was organized and admitted into the Fire Department, the company consisting of twenty men, as follows : D. C. Bush, E. B. Adams, Neeley Gray, H. Cooley, S. G. Benedict, D. Flesch, A. A. Albee, T. B. Bird, George E. Bryant, Simeon Dean, Ira W. Bird, William Ripley, Jr., N. W. Dean, D. W. Burwell, J. S. Fulfer William M. Rasdell, E. B. Crawford, E. H. Gleason, P. L. Carman and James Jack.

On the 8th day of March of the same year, Capital Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, was organized, and admitted into the department as an independent company, they having their own truck and appliances. There were altogether forty-seven active men.

In September, 1859, the Madison Fire Engine Company, No. 2, attended the Fair of the State Agricultural Society and the Firemen's Tournament, both being held at Milwaukee, at whichtheycarriedoff the first prize at the fair and at the tournament, both being silver trumpets. One was inscribed as follows :

" Wisconsin State Agricultural Fair, Milwaukee, September 28, 1859. Awarded to Madison Engine Company, No. 2." The other: "Awarded Engine Company No. 2, by the Milwaukee Fire Department, on the trial of second-class engine on quality, at the Firemen's Tournament, Sept. 29, 1859."

These occupy a prominent place in their rooms, and they may well feel proud of them, contending against the best and oldest companies of the State, and carrying off the two first prizes .

August 23, 1864, Madison Company, No. 2, attended the firemen's tournament at Fond du Lao, and carried ofi" the first prize (a ba,nner), but, by the unfairness of the Secretary of the fireman's association, it was handed to the Water Witch, No. 2, of Janesville, he being a member of the same. The company then challenged the Water Witch, No. 2, which appeared in the daily papers of the city September 10, 1867, but it was not accepted. Whenever the company competed with other companies, as a rule they always carried ofi" the first prize. ,

On the 14th day of November, 1866, the city bought a second-hand steam engine (the E. W. Keyes) for $5,391.82, and, immediately after, the E. W. Keyes Company, No. 1, was organized with forty-four men, and became a part of the fire department. . The engine was drawn by hand until the city could afi"ord to purchase horses. Madison Hand-Engine Company, No. 2, disbanded December 4, 1866, to te-organize on the 19th of the same month as an aid society.

Soon after this, a new company of fifty-two men that had been organized for the purpose, took their place. This company continued with the old hand-engine until August 1, 1870, when the city bought the Andrew Proudfit, No. 2, steam engine for $4,500, and re-organized the company with twenty men, to be called the Andrew Proudfit Steam Fire Company, No. 2.

During the fall of that year, a four-wheeled hose cart was bought and run by hand until the next year, when a horse was bought for it. At first, th^ Andrew Proudfit was drawn by horses belonging to the Street Superintendent.

In 1870, the E. W. Keyes Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 1, was reduced to twenty ">eii, and a team was bought that year to haul the engine, John Engelberg being appointed

, ^^ *l^e 25th of May, 1874, the S. U. Pinney Supply Hose Company organized and tenea their services to the department, and were accepted. A hose cart and appliances were bought this year at a cost of $650.

Un the 6th of February, bv act of the Common Council, the number of men to the diflferent companies was fixed as follows : E. W. Keyes, Steamer No. 1, fifteen men ; Andrew Proudfit,

On the 1st of May, 1875, the Common Council, by resolution, gave the Chief Engineer Mayor and Street Superintendent authority to drop any man from his company's rolls when they saw fit. To this the E. W. Keyes Company, No. 1, took exception, and gave the city noticfr that they would disband, and did disband at that time. They then tendered their services for thirty days, until the city could form a new company, and during that time attended three fires.

On the 15th of September, 1880, the property known, as the Billings Plow Factorv on Block 102, facing Webster street and adjoining the Iqt of Engine House No. 1, was purchased at a cost of |3,500, to be occupied by No. ,1 Steamer and the S. U. Pinney Hose Company. A team was bought this year for the Andrew Proudfit. After the plow factory is prepared and the roorh in the city hall is vacated, it is to be used in connection with the library.

To sum up, the department commands two good steam fire-engines, one hook and ladder truck and equipments, four hose carts and 3,000 feet of hose, and two Babcock fire extinguishers. The water supply is obtained from fifteen tanks located in different parts of the city, and three large railroad water tanks. The smallest of the tanks, holds 300 barrels, the largest 1,200. Taken altogether, they hold 11,800 barrels.

These were the last officers elected by the department, except secretary and treasurer. Ihe Council appointed chief and assistants after that.

1874_H. A. Dyke, Chief; William Bowen, First Assistant; Frank Zehnpfenning, Second Assistant ; James E. Moseley, Treasurer; A. C. Taft, Secretary.

1876 H. A. Dyke, Chief; William Bowen, First Assistant ; Frank Zehnpfenning, Second Assistant ; James E. Moseley, Treasurer; A. C. Taft, Secretary.

1878 - Martin Henrichs, Chief; Frank Zehnpfenning, First Assistant; N. A. Crampton, Second Assistant; James E. Moseley, Treasurer; A. C. Taft, Secretary.

1879 - Martin Henrichs, Chief ; W. A. Bradley, First Assistant ; N. A. Crampton, Second Assistant ; James E. Moseley, Treasurer ; A. C. Taft, Secretary.

1880 - William A. Bradley, Chief; N. A. Crampton, First Assistant; Ed Quamman, Second Assistant ; M. Beohmer, Treasurer, A. C. Taft, Secretary.

Mendota Fire Engine Oompany, No. 1, was organized April 10, 1856, and at the next meeting, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year : Foreman, S. G. Benedict ; First Assistant, I. L. Elliott; Second Assistant, 0. C. Buck; Secretary, W. H. Holt; Treasurer, Thomas J. Thomas. S. G. Benedict served from May, 1856, to May, 1857, as Foreman. W. Babcock served as Foreman from May, 1857, to March, 1859, he having resigned at that time. C. H. Billings was elected to fill vacancy, and served as Foreman from March, 1859, to May, 1860. Charles G. Mayers served as Foreman from May, 1860, to December, 1861, at which time he resigned to enter the service of the Union. James E. Fisher was elected to fill the vacancy, and served from December, 1861, to May, 1862. Frank A. Stoltz served from May, 1862, to September, 1862, at which time he resigned. C W. Olney elected to fill vacancy, and served from September, 1862, to May, 1863. William Buckley served from May, 1863, to May, 1867. Charles G. Mayers was again elected May, 1867, and continued in office until the hand engines having been superseded by steamers, the old engine was sold about 1872, The company kept up its organization for some time as a lyceum, but it was found that this was not a sufficient bond for a company of stalwart men who had jumped at the tap of the bell for sixteen years, and who" will tell stories and point out scenes whore their skill and courage conquered the common enemy, fire, as long as one of them survives.

Madison Fire Company, No. 2. - On the 28d of July, 1856, a meeting of Germans was called to organize a fire company, to be added to the Fire Department of Madison, to be styled "The Madison Fire Companv, No. 2." At that meeting a committee was appointed to draft a constitution, and on the 3Qth of July the organization was perfected, the constitution adopted, and the following members signed their names :

After the signatures, the following officers were elected : Foreman, John Wissler - First Assistant Foreman, A. Moeglich ; Second Assistant Foreman, G. F. C. Memhard ; Secretary A. Huchting ; Treasurer, Casper Zwicky ; Hose Captain, Aug. Herfurth.

At the half-yearly meeting, held on the 3d of February, 1857, the following officers were elected : Foreman, G. F. C. Memhard ; First Assistant Foreman, Jacob Schminke ; Second Assistant Foreman, Fr. Dinkelmann ; Recording Secretary, M. Kohner ; Financial Secretary

At the half-yearly meeting, held February 2, 1858, the following officers were elected: Foreman, G. F. C. Memhard; First Assistant, John Wisler ; Second Assistant, Fr. Dinklemann ; Recording Secretary, Richard Baus ; Financial Secretary, H. Jungmann ; Treasurer, Fr. Sauthoff; Steward, M. Hinrichs; Hose Captain, A. Moeglich.

At the annual meeting, held August 3, 1858, the following officers were elected ; Foreman, G. F. C. Memhard ; First Assistant, John Wissler ; Seicond Assistant, Fr. Dinklemann ; Recording Secretary, Richard Baus ; Financial Secretary, 0. Hinrichs ; Treasurer, Fr. Sauthoff; Steward, H. Jungman ; Hose Captain, A. Moeglich.

At the monthly meeting, held November 6, 1858, the following officers were elected to fill vacancies caused by removing out of the city and resignation : Second Assistant Foreman, M. Hinrichs ; Recording Secretary, R. Kamlah ; Financial Secretary, C. Froehlich ; Treasurer, William Veerhusen ; Steward, B do Hinrichs.

At the half-yearly meeting, held February 1, 1859, the following officers were elected; Foreman, G. F. C. Memhard ; First Assistant, John Wissler ; Second Assistant, M. Hinrichs ; Recording Secretary, M. Henseler ; Financial Secretary, C. Froehlich ; Steward, Edo Hinrichs ; Hose Captain, A Moeglich.

At the annual meeting, held August 2, 1859, the following officers were elected : Foreman, G. F. C. Memhard ; First Assistant, Martin Hinrichs ; Second Assistant, John Wissler; Recording Secretary, C. Froehlich ; Financial Secretary, W. Holtzhausen ; Treasurer, William Veerhusen ; Hose Captain, A. Moeglich ; Assistant Hose Captain. J. A. Steinle ; Steward, B. Hinrichs ; Trustees for three years, L. Mildbrandt, D. Kessler, G. Barkham.

At the half-yearly meeting, held February 7, 1860, the following officers were elected: Foreman, John Wissler; First Assistant, M. Hinrichs; Second Assistant, Louis Mildbrand; Recording Secretary, G. F. C. Memhard ; Financial Secretary, C. W. Heyl ; Treasurer, William Veerhusen ; Hose Captain, William Hoffmann ; Assistant Captain, J. A. Steinle ; Steward, William Holtzhausen.

At the annual meeting, held August 7, 1860, the following officers were elected : Foreman, G. F. C. Memhard ; First Assistant, Martin Hinrichs ; Second Assistant, C. W. Heyl ; Recording Secretary, F. B. Huchting ; Financial Secretary, John Zehnpfenning ; Treasurer, William Veerhusen; Hose Captain, J. A. Steinle; Assistant Hose Captain, William Lamp; Steward, L. Gutmann.

On the 21st of April, G. F. C. Memhard resigned His position as Foreman, and First Assistant M. Hinrichs acted in his stead, being next in rank.

At the next monthly meeting, held May 1, 1861, the following officers were elected to fill vacancies : Foreman, John Wissler ; Recording Secretary, Ch. Froehlich ; Secretary of the Sick Fund, William Holtzhausen.

At the annual meeting, held August 6, 1861, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year : Foreman, John Wissler ; First Assistant, Martin Hinrichs ; Second Assistant, Henry Beerbaum; Recording Secretary, Charles Froehlich ; Financial Secretary, G. -Barkhan ; Treasurer H. Jungmann ; Hose Captain, William Lamp ; Assistant, Safinas Bosse ; Trustees, C. W. Heyl, Richard Baus and D. Kessler.

At the annual meeting, held August 5, 1862, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year : Foreman, John Wissler ; First Assistant, M. Hinrichs ; Second Assistant, G. Armbrecht ; Recording Secretary, M. Henseler ; Financial Secretary, G. Barkhan ; Treasurer, H. Jungman; Hose Captain, John Wickert; Assistant Hose Captain, M. Newmann ; Steward, Edo Hinrichs ; Trustees, John Bieler, W. A. Oppell and Otto Hinrichs.

Atthe annual meeting, held August 4, 1863, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: Foreman, C. W. Heyl; First Assistant, Arnold Huchting ; Second Assistant Foreman, W. A. Oppell ; Recording Secretary, Mathew Henseler ; Financial Secretary, Gustav Barkhan ; Treasurer, H. Jungman ; Hose Captain, John Wickert ; Assistant Hose Captain, J. A. Steinle ; Steward, Mathew Boehmer ; Trustees, M. Bauer, Henry Beerbaum and John Bieler.

The following testimonial was received from the late William Dudley, handsomely framed, and it is cherished very highly, occupying a very prominent place in their rooms :

Testimonial

The underaigaed tenders his sincere thanks to " Madison Engine Company, No. 2," for their arduous and successful efforts in saving his property from destruction by fire on the morning of April 11, 1864, and presents this testimonial as a token of their uniform prompt and energetic services.

At the annual meeting, held August 2, 1864, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year : Foreman, M. Hinrichs ; First Assistant, John Wissler ; Second Assistant, W. A. Oppell ; Recording Secretary, Otto Sherk ; Financial Secretary, John Helmus ; Treasurer, Henry Jungman ; Steward, Ed Hinrichs ; Hose Captain, John Wickert ; Assistant Hose Captain, J. A. Steinle ; Trustees, Arnold Huchting, M. Henseler and C. W. Heyl.

At the annual meeting, held August 5, 1865, the following officers were elected : Foreman, A. Huchting ; First Assistant, William Holtzhausen ; Second Assistant, William Lamp ; Eecording Secretary, F. B. Huchting; Financial Secretary, W. A. OppeH ; Treasurer, C. W. Heyl ; Hose Captain, A. Conrad ; Assistant Hose Captain, A. Gesberger ; Steward, L. Kessler; Trustees, William Holtzhausen, B. H. Nienaber and Ph. Schoen.

At the annual meeting, held August 7, 1866, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year : Foreman, Arnold Huchting ; First Assistant, C. W. Heyl ; Second Assistant, George Armbrecht ; Recording Secretary, John Koerber ; Financial Secretary, L. Schuckart ; Ireasurer, W. A. Oppell ; Hose Captain, A. Conrad ; Assistant Hose Captain, Fred Schmidt ; Irnstees, Arnold Huchting, M. Henseler and C. W. Heyl.

, /^^ '''8 monthly meeting, held December 4, 1866, the company by resolution withdrew from the department, arid re-organized into the Madison, No. 2, Relief Association soon after.

W. H. Sherwin, Cassius Fairchild. The first meeting was held pursuant to call on the evening of October 7, 1857, at Van Bergen's Hall, and the company duly organized. The truck was built during the winter of 1867-58, by James A. Smith, of New York, and arrived in Madison in April, 1858. It was one of the largest trucks made, carrying five ladders, built upon the most improved methods and of the very best material. It has been a voluntary servant of the city from the time of its arrival until the present, and is still in active service." The Capi-' tal Hook and Ladder Company, as originally, is still maintained as an independent company, all expenses being borne by the members and their services rendered gratuitously to the city. In 1877, the city built for the company a substantial and beautiful two-story brick block on Monona avenue for their use, which was formally taken possession of Friday evening, October 26, 1877 - their present quarters. Of the original members of the company who are still serving as active members are John H. Clark and Jacob Van Etta. These gentlemen have served continuously since its organization. Present officers : William G. Pitman, Foreman ; John M. Sumner, Assistant Foreman ; L. S. Brown, Secretary ; Jacob Van Etta, Treasurer.

H. W. Keyes Qompany, No. i. - Organized November 14, 1866, as follows : The officers elected were James E. Fisher, Foreman ; Frank A. Stoltze, Assistant Foreman ; H. F. Dunham, Secretary ; James S. Webster, Treasurer ; T. C. Botsford, Hose Captain ; C. H. Billings, Engineer ; F. C. Billings, Stoker. Members - F. E. Zimmerman, Charles Askew, H. B. Willis, Samuel Askew, J. P. Williams, E. T. Munsell, H. M. Richardson, H. S. Taft, H. A. Dyke, J. W. Tolford, W. A. Bradley, A. Kenney, T. H. Gray, J. F. Bruce, William Askew, Robert Bird, William Haak, Robert Slightam, W. C. Wyman, James Robbins, G. A. Lincoln, George Memhard, James Leitch, A. Kentzler; A. G. Hellwig, William Stevenson.

1869 - J. W. Tolford, Foreman ; W. A. Bradley, Assistant Foreman ; J. B. Howe, Hose Captain; J. S. Webster, Secretary; Engineer and Stoker, same.

Andrew Proudfit Company No. 2. - This company organized August 1, 1870, with twenty men. At that and subsequent annual elections, the following officers were chosen :

In 1875, the company was reduced to fifteen men. Officers : Frank Zehnpfenning, Foreman; John Kirsh, Assistant; Frank Billings, Engineer; Nick Behrend, "Stoker ; Johni|lnelberg, Jr., Driver.

In 1877-78-78-80, the officers were as follows: William Vallender, Foreman; John Grishoper, Assistant; Anton Habermann, Secretary; Frank Billings, Engineer; Nick Behr- Stoker ; John Engelberg, Driver, besides the following men at date, Charles Schleicher,

The S. U- Pinney Supply Rose Company was organized May 25, 1874, by F. C. Sheasby J. W. Longfield, John S. Pyncheon, J. J. Sheasby, 0. G. Chase, Joseph D. Downing, William H. Hughes, Charles M. Heeran, J. W. Hagerty, N. B. Langley, Samuel H. Longfield, James B. Reynolds and Henry Waltzinger, who selected as officers, Captain, F. C. Sheasby ; Assistant Captain, J. W. Longfield ; Secretary, John S. Pyncheon ; Treasurer, Joseph J. Sheasby and after serving until January, 1875, without remuneration from the city, were admitted as a part of the Fire Department at that time, and given quarters in a room in the lower part of the City Hall Building.

Officers elected for the year 1875, were F. C. Sheasby, Captain ; Jesse W. Longfield, Assistant Captain ; John S. Pyncheon, Secretary ; S. H. Longfield, Financial Secretary ; J. J. Sheasby, Treasurer.

For the year 1876, F. C. Sheasby, Captain; John S. Pyncheon, Assistant Captain; A. C. Taft, Secretary ; James B. Reynolds, Treasurer ; J. J. Sheasby, Steward.

For the year 1877, A. C. Taft, Foreman ; William H. Hughes, Assistant Foreman ; Samuel H. Longfield, Treasurer ; N. A. Nelson, Secretary ; J. W. Longfield, Steward.

For the year 1878, A. C. Ts,ft, Foreman; N. A. Crampton, Assistant Foreman; C. M. Heeran, Secretary ; William Gallup, Treasurer ; William Gill, Steward.

For the year 1879, William H. Hughes, Foreman ; J. J. Longfield, Assistant Foreman ; A. C. Taft, Secretary ; J. W. Longfield, Treasurer ; S. H. Longfield, Steward.

In the year 1880, the company stands with a roll of C. Bernard, J. Crawford, Ferd Engle, William H. Hughes, James Howe, J. J. Longfield, J. W. Longfield, S. H. Longfield, J. F. Malaney, J. B. Reynolds, W. J. Schleicher, George Schleicher, A. C- Taft, M. Whitraore, W. 0. Fuller, and officered by William H. Hughes, Foreman ; J. J. Longfield, Assistant Foreman ; A. 0. Taft, Secretary ; J. W. Longfield, Treasurer ; James Howe, Steward, and are equipped with one two-wheeled hose cart, and one four-wheeled carriage, each carrying 600 feet of rubber hose.

This company has a record of 3 minutes 5 seconds, unreeling 600 feet hose, breaking couplings, coupling again, and reeling upon cart, made J'uly 4, 1877.

27ie New E. W- Keys Company. - The company was re-organized April 9, 1875, with the following officers : James Ledwith, Foreman ; Andrew Flom, Assistant Foreman ; James M. Kelly, Secretary; Samuel G. Prince, Treasurer; J. C. Reitberger, Steward.

At the annual meeting in 1876, the officers elected were as follows : James M. Kelly, Foreman; Andrew Flom, Assistant Foreman; T. S. Leland, Secretary; James Ledwith, Treasurer; Patrick Lyons, Steward.

In 1877, Patrick Lyons was Foreman ; A. J. Quamman, Assistant Foreman ; James M. Kelly Secretary ; Timothy Purcell, Treasurer ; Thomas Ellis, Steward.

, , " 1^78, Patrick Lyons was re-elected Foreman, and A. J. Quamman, Assistant Foreman ; Mahgus Boehmer, Secretary ; T. S. Leland, Treasurer ; Thomas Ellis, Steward.

In 1879, James M. Kelly was Foreman, and Karl Baumann, Assistant Foreman ; Thomas Uleman, Secretary ; Timothy Purcell, Treasurer ; Patrick Lyons, Steward, p, 1° 1?80, James M. Kelly was re-elected Foreman, with M. Boehmer, Assistant Foreman ; v^darles Heyl, Secretary ; Timothy Purcell, Treasurer ; Den Dacy, Steward ; with the following members : Patrick "Pyon, Joseph Utter, Hubbard Fichten, Thomas Coleman, Michael Lyons, Mar. Oomeford, Thomas Ellis, James Conlin, Knute Swenson, F. McKanna.

Madison As A Summer Resort

char ' , ^''°°' *'}®. l>eautiful capital of Wisconsin, is famous for the beauty of its site, the of Its exquisite surroundings, the elegance of its houses, and the salubrity of its climate.

It is located upon two hills on the isthmus between Lakes Mendota and Monona, a mile wide. Lake Mendota is seven miles long and four wide - the largest of the four lakes here. The other two are Waubesa and Kegonsa, all four joined together by a small stream [the Yaharal forming a magnificent chain.. These beautiful bodies of water, surrounded by hills, forests and undulating lawns, make Madison famous as the most beautiful of capitals, and a most desirable summer resort.

" Of the attractions for the tourist, boating naturally takes the first rank, and the lakes are constantly alive with steamers, sail-boats and row-boats. Regattas and races are of frequent occurrence. Numerous resorts on the two largest lakes - chief among them being Maple Bluff and the Hospital for the Insane on Lake Mendota, and Tonyawatha and Winnequah, on Lake Monona - contribute to the pleasures of the city. The fishing in these lakes is superb. In the vicinity of Madison are many charming drives, the favorite one being the ' University Drive,' leading through the university campus and farm. The buildings of the University of Wisconsin are located on a steep hill. From the top of the latter a delightful view is had of the beautiful city and its magnificent surroundings. A sunset view from this point is particularly grand.

" Madison has been laid out and built with great care, and is one of the handsomest cities in the United States. Its claim as a fine summer resort is well founded, since it has all the requisites of one in the beauty of its scenery, and the many opportunities for enjoyment and recreation, unsurpassed hotel accommodations and select society ; the magnificence of its climate adding to its popularity."

United States And State Census Forest Hill Cemetery

One of the chief acts performed by any civilized community, is the providing a suitable and permanent place for the interment of its dead ; but when a country is new and sparsely settled, and deaths few, very little attention is given to the subject, almost any sightly burial-place being considered good enough. The first burial-place was University Hill.

The next place of burial was near, or within, what is now the Vilas homestead, in Block 61, where but few bodies were laid, it being deemed best, in 1840, to make a burial-ground of a sandy ridge lying near, and southwest of, the Milwaukee & Prairie du Ohien depot. To this ground the remains of the last-mentioned dead were removed.,

On January 7, 1850, owing to stipulations made by L. J. Farwell's agent, $175 were appropriated by the Village Council to purchase Block 180 of his addition, he to have the privilege of selecting six burial lots. Simeon Mills, J. T. Clark and D. H. Wright were appointed a committee to attend to the matter ; and onthe^4th of February following the bargain was concluded, and during the spring and summer the ground was platted and fenced at an expense of $2.50. There were about three and one-half acres, laid out into 256 lots, sixteen of the larger size being equivalent to the sixty-four small ones, which were set aside as a potters field.

The situation and soil of this cemetery were well adapted to its use, but it . was wholly insufficient in size to supply room for the constantly increasing number of dead ; so that by the winter of 1856, the potter's field was full, and nearly all of the other lots purchased. Accordingly, action was then taken by the City Council for the purchase of a large tract of land for a burial place, and by resolution the Cemetery Committee was instructed to select and buy the same.

in all eighty acres, more or less, from John and Maria Wright, for the sum of $10,000 in citybonds.- Od the 10th of August, 1867, the committee made a formal report of the transaction tothe Gity Council, and requested that they be authorized to have forty acres of the south end of the land surveyed into suitable lots, and platted and numbered, and be exposed and sold at public vendue. Also, that twenty acres should be surveyed on the northeast corner of the tract and laid out with alleys and carriage-ways, to be used as a potter's field. Also, to have sucb amounts of land surveyed and platted from the remainder,' for the exclusive and separate use of the Catholics and Jews, as they might wish to purchase, they to pay cost price per acre ; and further, be it resolved, " That the moneys accruing from the sale of lots in the Protestant cemetery, as well as the funds that may accrue from the old cemetery, be set apart for the embellishment of the ground in the new cemetery." The committee were authorized to commence the survey, and prosecute the work as fast as practicable. The survey was begun upor» the plan of Mr. Hough, but owing to his death it was completed and mapped by A. Ligowsky, the work being finished by January 1, 1862.

Eighteen and sixty-three one-hundredth acres of land were sold to the Catholics off from the northwest corner, the same being separated from the Protestant ground by the Mineral Point road. The latter was then laid out into irregular Sections 33, in number, they being intersectea in part by convenient driveways and walks. Section 10, containing seventy-nine lots, was purchased by the Jews for their exclusive use.

There are in all 1,474 lots staked out in the northwest part, including the Jewisli section, grading in size from 400 to 1,600 square feet, the average price per lot being $25. The idea of selling lots at vendue did not prove a success, neither was the Potter's Field maintained upon the large scale at first recommended ; and instead of the south end of the grounds being sold nnd occupied first, the reverse was the case, the north part being selected. There are yet sixteen sections not staked out or improved, and which are separated from the improved sections by a wide avenue.

In May, 1868, an ordinance was passed by the common council of the city of Madison, stating that no burial should thereafter be made on the old cemetery ground (Block 180), except upon the lots before sold. There are lots set aside in the east part of the new cemetery suitable in size to bury the soldiers of the Federal arid Confederate armies who have died in Madison, or who have been brought here and interred. There are 194 Union dead resting here, and a short distance from them 136 Confederate dead are lying. The lot of the^ Union dead is surrounded by an iron fence, erected by the General Government, in exact imitation of the fence round Capitol Park. Their names are as follows :

The cemetery is in the town of Madison, and lies two and one-half miles southwest of the (iapitol. It is inclosed, having a neat picket fence in front. Since it was first platted; many conspicuous monuments, of marble and granite, have been raised in remembrance of the departed, and several other valuable and pleasing improvements made, the most important of which are the stone charnel house, the well tower and windmill, and the chapel. The two last named are especially worthy of mention ; the well, 165 feet deep, has a windmill tower erected over it, which supports a large tank, forty-six feet from the ground, that holds the water supply needed ; the tower is over seventy feet high, and from its top may be obtained an extended view of the surrounding country. The chapel, erected in 1878 by Mrs. John Catlin, as a memorial to her deceased husband, one of the noted pioneers of Madison, and presented to the city, is the most attractive and ornamental feature on the grounds. It is eighteen and a half by twenty-six feet, with entrance 7x10 feet ; above, are a bell-tower and spire. The structure is of Madison quarry stone, trimmed with Bedford marble, and cost $3,300 finished and furnished. The floor is laid of Philadelphia tile, tessellated in style, with drab, blue and red sections ; the windows are of stained glass, and the furnishings are of solid walnut and ash ; it will accommodate seventy people.

The improved portion of the cemetery is kept scrupulously clean, and the graves, vaults, walks and drive-ways are tastefully ornamented by shrubbery and flowers. It is one of the most beautiful burial-places in Wisconsin. The present Cemetery Commissioners are Darwin Clark, C. P. Chapman and D. Fitch ; the latter also being Superintendent.

Capital Brewery, located corner of State and Gorham streets, was erected by William Voght, about the year 1854; he continued the business until 1863, when the property was purchased by Joseph Hausmann, the present owner and proprietor. Immediately after coming into possession, Mr. Hausmann began building and remodeling, and soon there was nothing to be seen of the original structure. The Capital is one of the finest breweries in this part of the State. The main building is of brick, three stories high, and consists of malt-house, brewery and icehouse, is 45x125, with an ice-house in rear, 30x65. There is also a saloon, 30x60, and residence adjoining, 24x50, built of brick, and two stories in height. The whole represents an outlay of $70,000, with a capacity of 8,000 barrels per annum.

Brickheimer's Brewery, located on King street, opposite Capital House, was erected for a plow-factory by Billings & Carman, in 1856, and conducted as such until 1865, when the property was purchased by M. Brickheimer, who, after making a number of improvements and putting in machinery, converted it to its present use, at a cost of |25,000. The main building is used for a saloon and storage purposes. It is 47x70 feet. The brewery is 40x60 feet, and the ice-house 24x70 feet. The buildings occupy nearly a block, fronting on King and Wilson streets. Mr. Brickheimer manufactures, on an average, 2,000 barrels of beer annually.

Sprecher's Brewery, located on the corner of Blount and Williamson streets, is the oldest brewery in Madison. It was erected by Fred Sprecher in 1848, who continued the business until the time of his death. The property was then leased to Hausmann & Brickheimer for a term of five years. At the expiration of their lease, it was rented to George Rochenbach for a term of three years, when the present owner, Peter Fauerbach, leased it for ten years. At the expiration of his lease, he purchased the property ; this was on the 14th of October, 1878. The brewery has a capacity of 1,500 barrels a year, and represents an outlay of $10,000. .

This edifice, situated on the southeast corner of Block 89, is constructed of brick, and covers an area of 63x92 feet. It is four stories in height. The first three stories were erected in 1855 and 1856. Subsequently, the fourth story was added, Peter H. Van Bergen being the builder. The lower floor was, soon after completion, occupied by the post office and by various stores; the second floor was divided into large and small rooms, and was used for ofiRces or similar purposes, and the third and fourth stories were taken for a public hall or theater, as it was then called, this being' the first regular theater-hall opened in the city. In 1860 or 1861, the ownership of the building passed to the estate of P. H. Dater, Jr., and, after that, in the fall of 1869, it became the property of R. M. Hooley. Immediately Mr. Hooley began remodeling and making changes in the building, which, when completed, cost $6,000, the three upper stories being converted into the present attractive and commodious opera-hall auditorium and stage. The hall has a seating capacity for 800. The work was completed in February, 1871, and, on the evening of the 21st of that month, the hall was dedicated with a grand operatic entertainment, given by the amateur talent of the city, the building being christened Hooley's Opera House. The opera house during the year passed into the hands of Mr. Bryan, and, in 1872, it became the property of the present owner, G. B. Burrows.

The Madison Maennekchor

This society was founded during the last months of the year 1853. About that time there was organized and in existence a quartette of male voices, which, by its renditions of popular songs, won for itself some local renown. It served as a stimulus for further eflbrts in the direction of a song society, and it was not long afterward enlarged to a double quartette, consisting of Franz Massing, Caspar Zwicky, John Eberhard, Theodor Herfurth, Ernst Doergschlag, A. P. Doergschlag,' Frederick Unger and Daniel Maul, which may well be considered the foundation of the present chorus.

Ihis double quartette had not been in existence very long when a considerable number of young and talented singers manifested a strong desire of joining its ranks, and it then resolved to re-organlze as a male chorus. Under the direction of Prof. Franz Massing, this male chorus, to which at the time had been added the names of R. Baus, J. Kilb, Fr. Sauthoff, G. brimm A. Pickarts, J. Pickarts, Carl Miller, F. Pecher, F. Kurz, Chr. Hinrichs, C. W. tieyl, J. G. Ott, and some others, continued to prosper and flourish, and, in 1857, on October ^'.*''^^^°'' took place which evidenced the high degree ^ of popularity which the chorus had a tamed. On that day the ladies of Madison presented to the chorus a magnificent flag, bearing the mscription, "Dem Madison Maennerchor sewidmet von den Frauen und Yungfrauen, am 24en October, 1857."

The event was celebrated by a grand festivity,' and created great enthusiasm among the members, who at that time were the following: Messrs. R. Baus, F. Pecher, George Heuer Charles Kayser, C. H. Heyl, Chr. Hinrichs, Carl Karstens, W. Krueger, F. SauthofF, August Sauthoflf, August Scheibel, William Scheibel, John Stock, A. Lund, John Grass, Carl Miller August Herfurth, W. A. Oppel and Frederick Kurtz. Prof. A. Pickarts, whose memory will never leave us, was chosen director, and held that position until his untimely death, tinder his matchless leadership, the chorus advanced in membership, capability and popularity, to an extent unknown to its former days, and its present moat favorable status may be largely attributed to his untiring efforts.

The chorus numbers now forty-eigly; active, thirty-six passive and five honorary members, which makes it the largest society in the " Nordwestliche Saengerbund," of which it became a member in 1870.

The present Director is Prof. J. Bi-ahn,'a very able and efB^cient musician. The Maennerchor took part in the following musical festivals: At Milwaukee, in 1856; in the second festival at Milwaukee, under the name of " Gesangsektion des Madison Turnvereins ; " in the next festival, at Watertown, under the name of !-' Mozart Club," and, under its auspices was held the fourth musical festival, at Madison. In 1879, it participated in the competition for a prize at the ninth festival in Milwaukee, and succeeded in obtaining the first prize, consisting of an elegant silver cup, inscribed, "Zur Brinnerung an das neunte Saengerfest des Nordwestlichen Saengerbundes, Milwaukee, 1879." In 1881, the tenth musical festival of the Bund will take place in Madison, for which occasion the Maennerchor has assumed the management.