Door County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1881 (part 1 of 3)

D7 Table Of Contents

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Rrellel Sees Preface

In May, 1877, we bought the Exposrror printing establishment, and a helping hand was extended to us by the old acquaintances we had known ere weentered our 'teens. It was the desire of those good old fatherly gentlemen that we write up a history of Door county, and publish it in the Exrosrror. To refuse to comply with their wishes would have been unbecoming - even to an editor ; hence we nodded - consented. Time rolled by until one fair summer morning, 1880, when we set ourselves to work to make good the promise we made three years previous. For five or six weeks we made it our business to do nothing else than roam from town to town, farm to farm, house to house - chatting with every one we met, and personally interviewing every old settler we came across. At the beginning it was not our intention to publish the history in any other form than through the columns of the Exrostror, but the continued demand for "'the sketch in book form," changed our first intention, We feel that the work is not so complete as it might be, for a portion of it was got out in the midst of a political campaign, and the entire publication of it was made in weekly installments in the Exrosrror before being printed in this form, The reader should take into consideration the circumstances, and remember that in a work of this kind the author turns his attention only to the labor of blending facts into ideas, while the scrutinizer has the easy work of taming ideas into criticisms, We give facts ond figures the preference of flowery sayings, and trust and believe that the work will be found to be correct in its narration of events pertaining to the county, and hope that it may be read with interest by those into whose hands it may come. Respectfully,

The Author The Winter Of 1880-1

Inasmuch as the winter of 1880-1 has been such a remarkable one, we deem it but just to make some record of it for future reference. November 17th, 1880, the steam ferry Ark, that plies between Sturgeon Bay and Bay View, made its last trip for the season. On the morning of the 18th foot passengets could eross the bay. By many, a "break-up" was looked for, but the weather continued "snug," and in a couple of days teams crossed with perfect safety. On Sunday, November 2st, Seofleld & Co's tug Zeatham, from Chicago, plowed down the bay, turning up from 4 to 6 inches of new blue ice. Five days later, or on Friday, 26th, the Messrs. Spears tugs Gregory, from Chicago, and /, ¥. Marcin, worked their way to Sturgeon Bay village by way of the canal. The Gregory took the lead in breaking the ice, and opposite Lawrence & Co.'s grist mill she broke new ice 10% inches thick. Thus it will be seen that nine days after the bay was froze over it wore a crystal covering averaging from 9 to 11 inches. A moderate amount of snow fell from date to date, and though the total was but from 3 to 4 inches, sleighing was excellent. December and January were nice winter months - the snow fall light, but the 'weather cold and steady. In February the weather was very changeable - mereury ranging from high to low. Snow, rain, and sunshine often being the make-up of a single day. Sunday, February 27th was the severest storm ever experienced in this county - not because particularly of the heavy fall of snow, but the immense drifts. For eleven days (from Saturday February 27th, to Wednesday, March 9th,) no Green Bay mails were received - so extensively were the roads blocked. March 20th another blizzard swept the country, and if possible further blocked the roads. The Green Bay mail was again behind time four days. Fair weather again smiled ou this section, and the lumbermen that had broke camp, went back to the woods. Onee more the winter broke out in' fresh spots, and the clouds that had seattereé and disappeared, came back' loaded with the "beantiful" and dumped a coating of snow several inches deep all over the northwest. In length, breadth and thickness the winter of 1880-1 is without _parailel for forty years, Navigators will remember it for the snow storms and drift ice off our coasts. 'The interior will recall the heavy snows with which it so long blocked their streets and roads. Railroad men will speak of the like impediments it threw in their way, and the poorer lasses will shiver at the mention of the acute sufferinsg it caused them. But most memorable will it be to meteorologists, as marked by the most

'Regarding the fall of snow, there is a very wide gap between statements. Inthe northern part of the county the fall of snow was heavier than in the southern portion. In the southern part the deepest snow was about three feet four inches on a level, and in the northern part about four feet - the arerage perhaps being three and a half feet ona level in the now drifts from six to fifteen feet were not uncommon scenes. But putting it at the heighest it was a light touch when compared with some other sections of the State and northwest.

It is now the first of April, and there is still two feet of snow on the level in the woods. However, it is evident that winter is relaxing her icy grasp, and ere another four weeks roll by we 'thay well expect the arrival of the much-longed-for spring.

on pases. 56 we give some facts concerning "The Town of Chamber's Island," that was organized in 1859, The records show that it was disorganizéd in the same year, but further investigation goes to show that it remained a town for nearly ten years.

CoLD WINTER, Page 99. - The old settlers disagree concernin, the "cold winter," some stating that it was the winter of 762-8, while others are "sure it was 63-4."

Brief Short Sketch Of Wisconsin

It is an old, and probable true saying, that "all things have a beginning and ending." As a commeneing point for a brief history of Door county, it may be but just to briefly touch upon the organization of the State Door county now belongs to.

Under Territorial government, the first session of the first Legislative Assembly convened at Belmont, Iowa county, October 25th, 1836, and adjourned December 9th, same year, Henry 8, Baird, of Brown, was president of the Council.

The first Constitutional convention assembled at Madison October 5th, 1846, and adjourned on the 16th day of December, same year; having framed a constitution, which was submitted to a vote of the people on the first Tuesday in April, 1847, and the came was rejected, A. J. Upham, of Milwaukee, was president, A second Constitutional convention assembled at Madison December 15th, 1847, and adjourned on the Ist of February, "48; having framed a Constitution which was submitted to a vote of the people on the second Monday in March following, and the same was adopted.

Territorial Governors

Jackson, April 30th, 1836; re-appointed by President Martin 'Yan Buren, March 9th, 1839; - James Duane Doty, appointed by President John Tyler, September 13th, 1841; - N. P. Talmadge, also appointed by President John Tyler, June 21, 1844;

The first session of the State Legislature was held at the Capitol at Madison June 5th, 1848, pursuant to the Constitution, which had been adopted by a large majority vote of the people. 'This, the first session of the Legislature, adjourned August 21st, 1848,

Historical Sketch Of Wisconsin

The "Blue Book" gives the boundary of Wisconsin as sitnated between latitude 42 degrees 30 minutes and 47 degrees 20 minutes north, and between longitude 87 degrees 30 minutes and 92 degrees 30 minutes west of Greenwich, near London, England. It is bounded on the north by Lake Superior, on the east by Michigan and Lake Michigan, on the south by Illinois, and on the west by the Mississippi river, and the states of Towa and Minnesota, Tt has an average length of about 260 miles, breadth 215 miles, and an area of 56,000 square miles, or 35,840,000 acres, Dedueting from this the surface occupied by lakes, rivers, ete., there remain 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres of land.

The territory, of which Wiseonsin forms a part, was originally connected with the Canadas, and was under the French and British dominion, It became a part of the territory of the Northwest at the close of the revolutionary war, by the treaty of 1783, confirmed by the treaty of 1795; but the United States did not take formal possession of the territory now comprising this state until 1816. In the meantime, Virginia and other states ceded to the government all their claims to the territory northwest of the Ohio river, and congress, by the "ordinance of 1787," provided for its government as the "Northwest Territory," and it was enacted that "there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory," and that there should be formed from such territory, as the population should justify, "not less than three nor more than five states." Wisconsin was the fifth state thus organized from the territory - Ohio, Indiana, Ilinois and Michigan having been previously admitted into the Union.

'Wisconsin was afterwards included in the Indiana territory, which was organized in 1800, then in the Hlinois territory, organized in 1809, and in 1818, when Illinois was admitted into the Union as a state, it was attached to the territory of

Michigan, In 1823, Wisconsin was made part of a separgte judicial cirenit, and in 1836, was organized as a territory, with Henry Dodge as governor. On the 29th day of May, 1848, Wisconsin became a State in the Union, being the seventeenth admitted, and the thirtieth in the list of states, Wisconsin, though one of the youngest states in the Union, already ranks among the foremost in its publie institutions. For its educational advantages, it is largely indebted to the munificence of Congress in donating lands for the support of common schools, a state university, normal schools and an agricultural college. pent DOOR COUNTY.

Door County was the fifteenth division of the State into counties; or, in other words, as the State gradually became divided up into counties, Door came fifteenth among the early divisions, and is bounded as follows: "Beginning on the west shore of Lake Michigan, where the south line of township 26 intersects Lake Michigan; running thence west on the township line to the center of Green Bay; thence northeasterly along the center of the main channel of Green Bay to the boundary line between the State of Michigan and State of Wisconsin to a point in Lake Michigan, where the east and west line on the south side of township 26, extended easterly, would intersect the eastern houndary of the State of Wisconsin; and from thence west to the place of beginning."

Door county is some 60 or 70 miles in length, and averaging, perhaps, 10 miles wide - varying in width from 4 to 18 miles, and isa peninsula running northeast and southwest; the north and west shores being washed and purified by the clear waters of Green Bay, while the east shore borders on, and is rinsed by the erystal waters of Lake Michigan. The proximity of the lake, the waters of which remain open throughout the year, exereise great power in equalizing the temperatute; of course reducing it in the summer and cooling the extreme heat of the mid-summer sun, and acts as a balance in avoiding the extreme low temperature of winter - the lowest range

A Mystery

'The county was heavily timbered with various species of wood. Of the hard woods there was Beech, the various kinds of Maple, white and black Ash; red, white, and blue Oak, Ironwood, Elm, ete. Of the soft woods, Pine, Hemlock, Cedar, Basswood, Spruce, Balsam Fir, Tamarack, Poplar, etc., were abundant, For manufacturing and ship building purposes, perhaps no place in the Northwest equalled what is now Door county for furnishing timber, For the largest variety of timber and shrubs, our evergreen and forest tree dealers have seattered broadcast the fact that no section in America is equal to this peninsula.

A A Mystery

That this section of the State was settled to a meagre extent long years before any record is given by history, is pretty generally believed. Since the work began of cutting and using the large growth of timber, there are several places in this section where leaden bullets have been extracted from near the heart of large trees - said bullets being covered with from 188 to 171 rim layers or season's growth of the timber; which would indicate that the bullets had been entombed from 138 to171 years, At the best, it is a query as to the date the bullets were serviceable, and we'll leave the matter for our readers to ponder over. Another matter that is worthy of mention, is the small mounds so numerous throughout this section, These small mounds look like the hills in the Southern States hoed around the roots of the mammoth corn grown in that locality. What was grown in the small hills or mounds in this section is only surmise work, but that something was cultivated is evident. In some parts of the county there are patches containing many acres where these small mounds or hills are quite regular, and average from 434 to 6 feet each way, from center to center of the mounds, From Washington Island, the extreme northern part of the county, to the towns of Union and Brussels on the extreme southern boundary, said hills or mounds may be numerously seen in patches. In every instance, where these mounds are most numerous, large forest trees are now growing; the trees apparently being from 50 to 150 or more years old, which would indicate that if the mounds were once utilized for agricultural purposes, that it was generations ago, As with the leaden bullets, we will leave the matter for our readers to carefully investigate and solve as their own ideas may dictate. While certain theories might possibly bear one out in forming an idea that this was once a mild climate, it is also evident that there are indications that it was once the extreme reverse. Even within the past ten or twelve years, large sugar maple trees were not a few that showed cuts or "taps" six to eight feet from the ground, which would go to show that longer ago than memory now reaches, snow falls of great depth must have visited this region, and the harvest of the maple sugar crop (which was probably attended to by the Indians, or a white people of which we can find no record) was far more difficult than at the present time. We also leave this matter with our readers, which may be set down as quandary No. 3, eB ioe aes INDIANS - DARK AND BRIGHT DAYS.

The first white settler of any record, inside the boundaries of what is now Door county, was a man by the name of Increase Claflin, who located on what is now known as Little Sturgeon point. He came thither March 19th, 1835. At that date this was an unsurveyed country, and was a wilderness in every sense of the word. Like all new and unsettled portions of the West (in fact, like all portions of America), this was a country inhabited by the Indians, A number of the tribes that roamed this section at a very early date, had gone to their "long sleep," or been driven farther west by the Chippewa and Menominee tribes, who held the sway when Mr. Claflin located. The "Chips." and "Menoms,," as they were termed, were certainly trne-blood Indians, yet they were peaceable, greasy, and lazy. At the very first the Indians were perfectly satisfied that Mr. Claflin should settle, but when he had got nicely to work, they changed their minds, and decided to drive him away. He was informed of their intention, but Mr.

Dark And Bright Days 7

©. was a man of grit, and only proposed to leave the country when death took command of him. The Indians were informed of his intention, and probably were somewhat tamed by his determined will, for they then offered to "forever let him have peace," if he would pay them what was estimated to be about $500. This proposition Mr. C. also declined, and then the eopper-colored men were in for war - the whole tribe against two men, viz: Mr. Claflin and his hired man, The chief and his warriors promptly visited Mr. 0.'s quarters and made their demands, which were squarely refused. The chief said: "Then we make war, and will kill you!" Mr. C. said he did not want war, but instead wished that they would smoke with him the "pipe of peace," to which request the Indians rejected. "Then," said Mr Claflin, "we'll have war! but allow me to treat you before we begin," and he walked into his cabin and brought out a keg, with atin cup over the bung-hole, 'The keg was placed in the centre of a ring they had formed. He then brought forth a fire brand, and asked them: "Are you ready for your treat?" "What is in the keg?" asked the chief, "Powder!" answered Mr. C. "What are you going to do with the powder?" inquired the chief. "going to blow all of you to h - I!" retorted Mr. C, There was a lively scattering of Indians, such, we suppose, as we have after a political convention in these days of civilization! The result, too, was about the same; for the "warriors" fled, and did not show themselves again for more than two weeks; and when they did put in an appearance, they were willing to smoke, and be peaceable, Mr. Claflin had many minor skirmishes with the Indians, and often got in close quarters, but always held his ground and Tuled his own cabin. In the year 1844, or nine years after he first settled at Little Sturgeon, Mr. Claflin moved to Fish Creek - some claiming that he was the first settler in that section, where he resided up to the time of his death, in the year 1868, At the time of his death he was supposed to be 83 years old. His wife, Mra, Mary A. Clafin, died in September, 1873, and was supposed to be 80 years of age. Reminiscencies from the children of this old couple and pioneer settlers of Door county, will appear elsewhere in the make-up of this history. Among other observations of early date, handed down from Mr. Claflin to his near relatives, he, also, notices the hills or mounds we referred to in the first part of this chapter. He stated that in 1835, when he first settled, that there were acres of the mounds in the vicinity of what is now kmown as the town of Gardner; that large timber, perhaps a hundred or more years old, grew thrifty all over the entire pateh, showing that it was once a cultivated field - that it was generations before the year 1835, In one or two ideidents an Old Indian chief claimed that in the days of his forefather this section was inhabited hy the whites, but that they were all killed - not even one being left to tell the tale. The assertion does not seem to be backed up by anything like even a shadow of authority, and henee is not worthy of considera~ tion, However, Mr. Gaflin's relatives now living, state that when he, Claflin, came in 35, that the old walls of a cabin, rotted to the ground, was visible, and other indications of eivilized habitations of early date were noticeable,

After the first settler made good his stay, one after another planted "their all" in this section, and the whites soon gained a foot-hold that could not be broken by the natives. With courage and common sense brought up as breast-works, the white foree soon began to get too strong for the then numerous Chippewas and Menominees, and they gradually followed the setting sun - many being claimed by death, and their bones laid to rest where they once hunted deer and bear; others joined different tribes, and the once strong tribes are now almost extinct in this locality. But by no means with the dwindling of the Indian plague, did all other hardships vanish, Even after clearings had been made, and a crop raised, it was no small job to get it to market. Green Bay, 50 miles distant, was the nearest place for "trading," and the trip had to be made by going through the woods, or coasting on the water in a small open boat. 'The trip. by water was perilous; the overland route dangerous, for at the date the county first began to settle, there were no roads cut out, At times it was close contest between starvation and human endurance. One old settler informs us that he once got so close run for food in Door county that he had nothing to eat for two days but basswood buds - a thing only to be endured when human nature is put to the rack of necessity, and chooses between the last resources of life or "forever be at peace." But the pioneer settlers were not so particular what they had to eat; but what they could digest, and gain strength. With new strength they gained courage, and with courage they were able to endure most any sort of hardship. Gradually the light of better days began to dawn, and the county began to shoot forward and grow more vigorously, until now from this geographical focus will radiate the diffusive light of intelligence and advancement until our light will shine and be seen all over the Northwest. oe

As before stated, this was, and is still, to a great extent, a timbered country. The surface is generally undulating - perfeetly level sections being but few; yet, on the other hand, there is no rise of ground or bluff in the county, of sufficient height to be called a mountain, The soil is generally a clay loam, oceasionally interspersed with soils more or less mixed with sand. Seattered through the county, and in every township there is more or less of what is known as bottom lands, of alluvial deposits of the richest black soil. The up lands generally rest on a foundation of lime-stone rock, and when cleared, well adapted to farming.

Warer. - Door county, throughout, is well watered with numerous creeks, which furnish an abundance of water for the traveling public, and gives ample supply for stock. Springs of pure, living water, are abundant.

Roaps - Roads have been opened into every settlement in the County; the main or State roads leading to little towns or markets, are well worked, and liberal appropriations are made tokeep them in repair; and new roadsare being rapidly opened and improved as settlement may jlemand. A large amount of wild land yet remains vacant along the "side" roads, and a good deal of land is still unsettled and vacant along the main or State roads.

'Tue Log Hovse. - The first great object of a new settler is to provide a house for himself, and if married, for his wife and children. Nowhere can this be done more quickly, cheaply, and at the same time more substantially, than in Door county. 'The native forest trees, medium in cireumference and tall, such as have waved and nodded in the breeze of summer, and braved the cold and sleet of winter for a century or more, afford excellent material for houses, barns, fences, ete. Thé new settler, with his axe, can easily fell the sturdy trees, and prepare them in proper shape for a building. His neighbors will gather, and cordially help roll up the logs, and by night the main walls of a substantial house or barn is completed. With the axe "shakes" (long, thin, flat strips used as a substitute for shingles) can be split from the straight-grained cedar or pine, and thus is prepared a covering or roof for the building. The same tool (an axe)is also serviceable in prepairing timber for a floor. The house is made comfortable for winter by filling all openings with moss and plastering with clay mixed with twigs of live wood. Such is the building of a house in Door county, that for comfort is equal, and for warmth excels many of the city mansions that cost as many thousands as the log cabin costs dollars. The log cabins continue to be built in this county, and will be "fashionable" for years to come. Many of the old or early settlers, both from the Old World and Eastern States, who came to Door county from ten to thirty years ago, lived in houses as deseribed above. In fact, some of the pioneers live in their old or first house yet. Others, who were more energetic, after a few years residence in the county became in good circumstances, and have abandoned their first houses that in some instances were minus windows, and allowed the old structures to decay and waste away, while they inhabit more pretentious buildings. 'The cheapness of lumber, manufactured close by, and the many ledges of limestone for foundation purposes, easily accessible and cheap, have been united with mechanical skill and now the county is dotted with hundreds of complete and beautiful houses. LUMBERING. - The most important branch of our mannfaeturing business for nearly a quarter of a century, has been lumbering. During the winter seasons of years gone by, a large portion of our citizens busied themselves in the woods, felling the monumental pine that has born aloft its unfading crown of green for hundreds of years, and whose doleful strains of music have been heard by all who have visited lumbering camps. The "farmer lumberman" did not eonfine the cut solely to saw logs, but engaged in entting cord wood, railroad ties, telegraph poles, fence posts, etc., for which he found a ready sale - sometimes reaping a good profit, and sometimes thereverse. At any rate, a large number devoted their winters to the work of clearing up their farms and selling the timber thus cut down. During the summer the logs were rafted to mill and manufactured into lumber, the main portion of which was shipped by vessel to the Chicago market. 'The lumbering operations, of course, furnished the best kind of a market for all kinds of farm products. Hay always brought a good price, while oats, corn, wheat, etc., brought better prices than in any other part of the State. Of late years the farmer has more particularly turned his attention to the clearing up of his land, and he profits thereby. The winter harvest of wood, ties, posts, ete., is still good, but the Jog cut on this peninsula is yearly growing less, and now the leading lumber companies of this county, have built themselves large and powerfui tugs to tow logs from the West side of Green Bay waters to furnish their mills. 'The logs are cut in the country along the Peshtigo and Menominee rivers or their tributaries. 'The main lumber firm of the county is The Sturgeon BayLumber Company. The Secretary of the Company, Mr. A, W. Lawrence, who came to Door county a poor man, and worked by the month, has, step by step, with the growth of the county, worked up to his present high position. Messrs. Scofield & Co., the leading shingle manufacturers, and probably most extensive shingle dealers in the State, are a company of workers. Mr. Chas, Scofield (head of the firm) knows what it is to swing an axe in the woods on small monthiy pay. Mr. John Leatham, also' of the firm, took his first lessons in milling at packing shingles by the thousand. Mr. Thos. H. Smith, third member of the firm, first served as machinest. Thus, the firm is composed of practical men, hence the success of the Company. The Messrs. Spear, who are the largest manufacturers inWiseonsin of long timber, are men who well know what hard work is, and by hard work have built up their present large and profitable business. 'There are a number of other small mills in the county operated on a minor basis.

MANUFACTURES. - In the direction of manufactories, Door county has, as yet, made but little advance, although, sooner or later, various branches will certainly be located within these borders. 'The vast growth of timber, too small for profitable lumbering purposes, extends inducements for different manufacteries that must, in the near future, be accepted by eapitalists, and yield them a fortune.

RAL Roaps. - Although, on several occasions, a railroad Tanning to this county has been much talked of, the project was never very warmly supported by the denizens in this county. Door county is peculiarly located, being a peninsula arm-shaped - long and narrow. Our water facilities are unequalled - shipping piers dotting the coast every few miles. Shipping by vessel or steamer is always cheaper than railroad freights - hence, nature has given this County better transportation than could be afforded by the iron horse that travels on rails.

MAILS, EXPRESS, AND TRAVELING FACILITIES. - From Sturgeon Bay, the county seat, mails and express makes daily connections with railroad routes at Green Bay. All over the county but a few miles apart, are established post-offices, eonveniently located for settlements and settlers. Mail matters are carried to the post offices by stage lines, and parties desiring to reach any part of the county, can secure passage in the mail coaches at reasonably low prices. In the summer time, there are passenger steamers that stop at Sturgeon Bay,

" going to Green Bay, Menominee, and other Bay ports. The Goodrich Transportation Company, of Chieago, run two large steamers on this route, thus affording direct, comfortable, and cheap transportation to and from Chieago, as well as other lake ports.

ScHOOL FACILITTES - The system of freeschools, which has attained such a vigorous growth in the United States, is well developed in this county. Every town is provided with school houses according to the density of the population, and each settlement has its school houses in close proximity. Each year the number of school houses is increasing, and the facilities for a thorough education broadening. Every settler in the county with children, has a chance to send them to a free school, where they ean receive an education sufficient for the ordinary purposes of life.

RELIGIOS. - The various Protestant denominations, as well as the large following of the Roman Catholic belief, have churehes seattered throughout the county, and as the population inereases, of course more churches will be built. Among the buildings are a good many handsome frame churches; some brick structures, and not a few comfortable log buildings.

CRoPs. - Door county is well adapted to the raising of wheat, cats, barley, rye, buckwheat, and other grains. Potatoes, pumpkins, squashes, turnips, beets, and all root erops, generally yield a rich return to the farmers. The different kinds of tame grasses are profitably grown, and the hay finds ready sale,

Frorrs. - Experiments with cultivated fruits have been very successful, but a few years hence, a more extended and correet essay can be written on this subject. However, our farmers are investing quite liberally in fruit trees; their former purchases having grown to fine, thrifty trees, bearing such fruit as apples, pears, plums, crab-apples, grapes, ete, The present year peaches have been successfully grown in different parts of the county, and in some instances the fruit was equal to that grown in peach-growing districts farther South. All kinds of berries grow in profusion - ither in the wild or eultivated state; one variety following another. .First comes the grand strawberries, next red and black raspberries, then the nourishing blue-berry, followed by the palatable blackberry, and ending with the healthy cranberries (both high and low bush varieties) which last until strawberries ripen again, 'The position of this county, between two large bodies of water, is claimed to be peculieriy favorable to fruit, and the many thriving orehards in the county, would seem'to be good witnesses to our facilities o- fruit growing.

PoRK RAISING. - Raising hogs is not so extensively ce-ried on here, as in corn-growing districts, but what are raised are profitable. During the summer and fall hogs fatten on the products of the forest, first onthe tender shoots from the ground in early summer, and second, as the season advances, upon acorns, beech-nuts, herbs and nutritious roots. When winter arrives, kill and dress the surplus for market. Thus, pork can be cheaply raised here, and brings much better prices than in a corn and so-called pork-raising country. Ta a locality like this, where extensive operations are carried on during the winter, pork is the staple meat; hence it is always in demand.

Sumer Frucatsty. - During the very early settlement of the county, sheep-husbandry was an up-hill business, lambs and even old sheep being carried off or killed by wolves and other wild beasts of the forest. But as the county has settled up, the vicious animals of the forest have gradually become less in number, and sheep raising is now fast gaining prominence. 'This climate is healthy for sheep, and they are not so liable to disease as in Southern localities. The variety of grasses, shrubbery, and herbs growing in the woods and clearings is excellent for sheep, and they can run early and late in the season, thereby reducing the cost of wintering them, There is always a good demand for mutten as food, and the yield of 'woo! is greater than in a warm country.

'MAPLE SuGaR. - When the county first began to settle up, the harvest of maple sugar and syrup was immense, The large forests of sugar maple enabled the new settler to put in a few days' work in the early spring, and busy himself while the snow was melting off. With an axe he could tap the trees, and the same instrument was all that was necessary to make spuds and troughs to cateh the sap as it ran from the trees, 'The sap was generally boiled down to syrup in large kettles conveniently stationed in the "sugar bush." 'The sap reduced to syrup, in most eases was taken "home" to the log house to be sugared off into cakes. Thus were the early days of spring improved in the wilds of Door county, and the industrious pioneer not only made his own supply of sugar and syrup, but had a quantity to sell to those who were in the habit of purchasing adulterated sugar from the southern distriets, As the county has settled up, and the farmers' means inereased, of course, with the loss of the sugar maple, the sugar harvest has materially diminished; yet, there are still many parties in the county who make their usual harvest of the pure nouritious, homemade maple sugar.

FisutNG. - The large bodies of water on either side of the peninsula, were, years ago, great fishing grounds, and to eateh the fish, furnished employment to a large number of men. The Messrs. Clark, who located at Whitefish Bay about forty years ago, were the pioneer fishermen of particular prominence. The catch by the Messrs. C., were of excellent quality, and soon built up a good name for the Messrs. Clark at the fish market; their brand generally rating No. 1 straight, and it was no uncommon thing for ten to fifteen fish to. make ahalf barrel. The Messrs. Clark have always kept ahead, and are still the leading fishermen in the county. Sinee first established, these gentlemen have paid a tax and percentage of over $20,000 on their property. While fishing, like the wildness of the country, has gradually diminished, the cateh is still far greater than home consumption. "Sturgeon," the largest fish caught in these waters, are dressed and generally cut into large strips, and smoked. 'The sturgeon is a peculiar fish, looking somewhat like a creek "sueker," has dark skin; is as destitute of scales as a man's face; varies in length from two to nine feet - the average being about four or five feet - and there is not abone in its body. What is called the back-bone is a large grizzle that can be easily cut with a knife. The sturgeon often grows to great weight, and it is a powerful fish in the water - the flesh is of a beautiful rich yellowish tint, and if properly cooked, is grand eating beyond description. 'Trout and whitefish, however, are the main fish for salting purposes, and have a standard price in the market.

We might continue to enumerate and comment on the main features relating to this county, and write columns upon the past and future, but we dare not write all, lest we should seem to exaggerate, therefore we shall turn our attention somewhat in another direction. Mention might be made of scores of men in the county who came here poor - many not even able to speak the English language. To-day they are influential and respected citizens, and are owners of stores, hotels, manufacturing establishments; filling our public offices, and upon. some of our best farms. We cannot mention their names here, but will try and give a brief biography of most of them, from time to time, before we finish this sketch of Door county. Before we enter upon the facts concerning the organization of the county, we deem this a proper place for, and will publish a letter from Mr. H. N. McCleary, formerly of this county, but now living in Dakota Territory.

FRIEND MARTIN: see, in perusing the columns of your worthy paper, that you have been out on a 'prospecting' tour, preparatory to getting up a history of Door County, Wisconsin; said history to be published free, in the columns of the ExpostroR; that you wished every one that had any interest there, or ever had, to contribute their mite in writing about the early data of the county. Upon the whole, I think, inasmuch as you seem to be willing to shoulder the whole expense, it is nothing more than right that every one that can, should respond.

In the fall of 186r, November the 20th, my father-in-law, Mr. Solomon Shaffstall, and myself, landed on the banks of Sturgeon Bay. Mr. E. S, Fuller took us, and four other men, across the bay in a boat I should think the dimensions of which were 10 feet long, 16 inches wide, and 4 inches deep. It seemed to me that the boat was three inches lower than the water. Nevertheless, we were safely landed on the Sturgeon Bay side, where we found food enough to eat and some to spare - at Mr. D. Houle's tavern, The village of Sturgeon Bay, at that time, if my memory serves me right, was a city of some twenty-four houses. Soren Peterson's store, three saw mills (none of them doing business) the building where the Advocate is published, and a log building called the Moravian church, was about. the make-up of Sturgeon Bay. At that time you could get a little of the

Mr. Shafstall and myself engaged Mr. A. G. Warren to show us our land. He kindly took us to his house, on the West side of the bay, and kept us over night. 'The next day he escorted us to our land, The date was November 2tst, and it rained all day; that night it snowed, and in the morning there was twenty inches of snow on the ground. T became disgusted with the country, and retumed to Beaver Dam, Wisconsin - Mr. Shafistall stopping 'at Little Sturgeon for the winter. In the spring of '62, I thought. better of the matter, and with my wife, returned to Sturgecn Bay to find everything lovely and lively

The fall of 64, on the 2¢ day of October, was made memorial by the arrival of "ye worthy editor, accompanied by his mother, Mrs. Ceclia Desdemona Martin, and his aunt Mrs. Lurana Shaffstall. When the steamer Queen City, managed by Capt. Jacobs, landed in front of the village. then ye editor turned to his aunt and asked: | "Where is the town?" in reply to which she answered: "Right here!" 'Then ye editor shoved his little hands down into his little pants pockets, and said: "Well! that's a great town!" Little did he think then, that he would at this day and age of the world be running a newspaper in said town, with no one to keep his secrets, and no one to tell his joys to - an old bachelor. But time has rolled on and years have swept by. 'The growth of Sturgeon Bay has not been of a spasmodic nature, but one of steady growth, until it is now one of the business towns of Northem Wisconsin.

Tn the early days we used to hear Mr. Joseph Harris, Sr, talk of a canal across the Portage, We used to consider such talk useless, but 'owing to Mr. Harris' untiring energy, the end has been accomplished, and vessels run from Sturgeon Bay to Lake Michigan by means of &

Door county was organized in 1851, and attached to Manito- 'woe county for judicial purposes; the county seat being fixed in that part of the county now included in Bailey's Harbor. At the point where the county seat was fixed, there were no buildings whatever, except "God's first Temples" - the groves; the wild native forests. In 1855 the county was detached from Manitowoc county, and attached to Brown county, for judicial purposes. The first meeting of the Board of Supervisors, of which there is any record, was held on the 11th day of November, 1856, in "God's first Temples" at the county seat. The County Board consisting of A. @. Warren, Chairman; and W. HL Warren and John Garland, justices of the peace, appointed Joseph Marris, Sr., clerk pro tem:

'The business doné at this meeting was very short and conclusive, It simply consisted of instrueting the clerk to procure, at the expense of the county, books, stationery, and other things needed by himself and Register of Deeds, Real estate transfers had been, at that time, all recorded in Manitowoe and Brown counties. New record books had to be procured, and these records all copied at the expense of the new (Door) county. It is proper and just to remark here that Mr. Joseph Harris, Sr, was the mainspring that set all the machinery of the new organization in motion, and upon him devolved the greater part of the labor and responsibility.

'The meeting adjourned to méet at Sturgeon Bay as soon as practicable, The next meeting was at Sturgeon Bay, November 10th, 1857. At this. meeting no members of the county Board were present, except H. Schuyler, chairman of the town of Otumba, The chairman of Washington (the only other town organized in the county) not being present, Mr. Schuyler and clerk Harris adjourned to Washington Island to meet the chairman of that town there. The Washington Island meeting met on the 5th day of December, '57. The Board organized by electing Henry Schuyler, of the town of Otumba, chairman of the County Board,

'The first levy and equalization of taxes was made at this meeting, the value of lands being fixed at $3 per acre for improved lands; $2.50 for unimproved, and $6 for pine lands.

It was resolved that Chamber's Island, and Islands No. 1, 2, 3 and 4, and Hat Island, and all the tiers of townships extendiag north of the town line of Otumba, except Washington Island, be organized into one township under the name of Gibraltar. Forestville was also set off at this meeting, embracing also the territory now included in the town of Clay Banks; all the rest of the county being included in the town -Otumba.

A resolution was adopted that $2.50 per head be allowed as bounty for the destruction of wolves in Door county, Later the bounty was raised to $3 This law has never been rescinded in the county, though the searcity of wolves in this section at the present day makes it a law of but little or no value.

- The next meeting of the county board was held the following February, and the town of Brussels was set off, consisting of the present towns of Brussels, Gardner, and Union, and was organized the following spring.

The first meeting of the chairmen of the several town boards of Door county met in Otumba on the 30th day of Angust, 1858. The meeting was short, and the main work was the resolution appropriating $130 to be expended in opening and working the Green Bay and Sturgeon Bay State Road: the amount appropriated to be paid in county orders as soon as theChairman of the Board was satisfied that said work had been done in a proper manner.

As we have now given a brief sketch of the early government which gradually set the county upon its present basis of advancement, we will now turn our attention to the organization of the several towns, taking them in the order they were organized, and give a short biographical sketch of the men now living in these towns who have been in the county 10 or more years.

'The town of Washington was the first organized town in the county, and in going there to gather facts for this history, we had oceasion to cross that passage of 'water so widely known as "Death's Door," and right here is probably a suitable place to comment on the origin of two hundred years ago Washington Island' was the headquarters of the Pottawottamie Indians. Here was their home, and about the harbors and bays of the islands, their fishing grounds. Just across, upon the main land, was their prineipal hunting ground. Crossing from the island in their eanoes, they soenred plenty of deer for meat and moccasins; an intrusion upon these hunting grounds by any other Indian tribe was at once resisted, and many bleody battles were fought near the lower end of the peninsula. On the occasion to which the tradition refers, the Chippewas had been for some time killing gam upon the peninsula, and every effort to drive them away had proved futile. Finally the Pottawattamies determined to make a final and bloody effort. to drive the invaders off. 'They mustered every brave in the tribe able to draw a how or throw a tomahawk; every canoe belonging to the tribe was brought into service to take them over. The flotilla of birch bark started on its expedition of death, one Angust afternoon, embarking at the westerly side of Detroit Island, and attempting to cross to the main land, preparatory to making an attack under the cover of the night upon the camp of the Chippewas. When about one half way across the "Door," a "white squall," such as is common in. those regiéns, rushed down from the bluffs of the main land, struck the fleet and upset the canoes, drowning every able-bodied man of the Pottawattamic tribes. That passage of water was called in the Indian language the Door of Death. The missionaries rendered it in French "Pore du moe" which, in English, gives us "Death's Door." The dead bodies of the drowned braves were Ariven ashore upon Detroit Island at the place of embarkation, A place was cleared at this point, and all were buried there; but the burial was very shallow probably owing to there being no able-bodied men left in the tribe to do the work, Several persons now living in Door county have visited this burying ground, and report that no longer than fifteen or twenty years ago many human bones could be seen sticking out of the grass and lying upon the surface of the ground, The Indians supposed the squall to be the breath of an evil spirit whiich resided in the bluff from whence the squall eame; hence they called it Skillagalee (Zvi? Spins) point. 'The remnant of the Potta- 'wattamies soon left the Island. 'Thestory soon became known. among all the tribes in this region, and all believed that the "Evil Spirit" was disposed to take vengence upon all Indians coming upon the Islands. For this reason Indians are never or hardly ever found upon any of the Islands of the Door. 'The Island was called Pottawattamie Island until it beeame set tled by the fishermen, who named it Washington Island.

Washington (formerly called Pottawattamie) Island, was the first organized town in the present make-up known as Door county. Amos. Sanders got the Island called Washington township, in 1849, and at that date Washington, and all the little islands skirting that vicinity, in Wisconsin, were a portion of Brown county. When Washington was organized into a town, Amos, Sanders was made the first Chairman; H. D. Miner, clerk; John A. Boon, justice. Though not densely populated, under the government of these gentlemen Washington Island had a good, and, under the cireumstances, a thrifty growth. It was Mr. Saunders that opened the first store in the settlement; the first keeper of the Pottawattamie (now Rock Island) light was David E. Corbin, in 1836; Miss Larson, at West Harbor, in 1853 taught the "young idea" (in a select school) how to shoot at an educational mark; while Dr. Wm. Ellis, now on the bleak prairies of Washington Territory, was in 1818 administering medicine to a very limited number of patients in the healthy locality of Washington Island.

1828 was the year Henry D. Miner came from Illinois to Roek Island, Door county. Mr. Miner was born_in New York in the year 1821, and in 1828 came to Green Bay with his father, who was a missionary among the Indians of that vieinity. In 1829 his father died of Western fever, and Henry D. went back Bast, remaining until 1842, when he again came 'West to Illinois, thence to Rock Island as per date above given; and in 49 or '50 to Washington Island. In 1848 he married

'Martha A. Lee, and is now father of a son - Jesse, who has grown to maturity. Concerning the early settlement of the County, Mr. Miner writes us as follows:

Come to Rock Island, June, 1844. On the Island there were two families, vizi J. Boon nd Mr. MeMillons three sihgle men - R. Graham, J. McGill, and A. Burr - all fishing. D. E. Corbin, was lighf-house keeper. ...No one was on Washington Island, or within 30 miles North or South... [wo sail craft from Green Bay to Chicsxo, carrying from 80 t 120 barrels, took fish and brought necer.

ted to Green Ray or Chicago; then per chance to .The steamer Michigan, of Detroit, ran to Green Bay, About 1851 steamboats began to buy fish here, and. The first preaching was in 1854, by Rev.

Win. B. Hamblin, who baptised 15 persons, and formed a. Baptist church of 23 members, which had meetings three or four years after he left. In 1865 Capt, Kitwood, formed a church, and got a Bethel meeting house huilt - four or five residents giving $100 each; others less. Tn 1867 it had 56 members. Selling intoxicants was opposed, and 'no saloons have been licensed in the town since ... About 1870, Danes settled back from the water, and a change from a fishing ground to a farming community has taken place. Five threshing machines, 25 horse teams, 13 Ox teams, barns, wagons, etc., occupy the place of fish rigs."

[Norx. - Tho dato of 1828, given and printed as the time Mr. Henry D, Miner came to Door county, was & typograplical error. It should have fead 1844.)

Sometime since a resident of Washington Island left that water surrounded land for other parts of the West. Evidently he was a "chum" of Mr. Miner's son Jesse, for Jesse at once composed a poem concerning the occasion. Though the produetion is not as finely finished as are many magazine poems, the home-spun verses are by no means without pith and merit notwithstanding Jesse was born and brought up on Washington Island, receiving an education only such as has been ¢ast upon the shores of that so-termed "out-of-the-way-place." We publish the poem in its erude state, without being "fixedup," leaving the jewels to be dug out and polished by those in seareh of "prospecting ground." 'The poem is as follows:

But, if with friends you've happy now, And do not wish to ream, T hope with great respect you'll bow 'To our dear Tsland Home, Though a mixed crowd we surely are - Of many nations some - Still of good folks we havea share, On our dear Island Home. 'Though you may think we have our share Who'll never see God's Home, T hope there'll be a quota there From our dear Island Home. _yrssr.

The party that left the Island, and for whom the above w composed, has since returned, and says it is now his intenti to stay there theremainder of his days.

1851. The date Mr. John Cornell landed on Washington Island. He came from Illinois. Was born in 1845, State of New York; married Angeline Crowell in 1866; has three children. By occupation, is a laborer.

1852. Robert Severs; came to the Island from Chicago; born in England in the year 1826, came to America '51; married Mary J. Shoukmith'1847. 2d' marriage 1865, to Emily A.

Boyce; has two children. His son Henry (now in England) married Mary Pierey in 1877, and has two children. Mr. Severs follows farming for a living

1852. Dennis MeDonald; came direct from Ireland; born 1829; married Mary Mason 1854, and has six children. His daughter Mary, married Thomas Guinon 1875, and _has three children, Adeline married Royal Baker in 1877, and has two children, For a living Mr. MeD. follows farming.

1853. Volney S. Garrett; came from Illinois; born in New York 1836; married Rebeca Lee 1855; has five children. His daughter Henrietta married Axel Peterson 1874; has three children. Alice married Andrew Koyne 1877,and has one child. Mr, Garrett is a cooper.

1855, Joseph Cornell; came from Illinois; born in. New York, 1830; married Rachel Steward 1856; has nine children, none of which are married. Mr. C. isa farmer.

1856. Goodlet Goodletson; came direet from Norway; born 1844; married Mary Gunderson 1865; has five children. By occupation, is a fisherman and sailor.

1858. Godfred Kalmbach; came from Pennsylvania; born in Germany 1810, and came to America 1846; married Christina Saeger 1835; has five children. His son, Michael F., now of Green Bay, Married Aeti Larson 1859, and has three" children. Mary married Jacob Richetar 1858, and has eight ehilaren, Minnie 'married Holland W. Davis of Cleveland, Ohio, in. 1862, and has five children, Albert. married Dora Higgins 1878; has one child, and resides in Bailey's Harbor. 'The elder Kaimbach, is a farmer.

1860, 'Thomas Coffey; came from New York; bornin Ireland 1835, and came to America 1850; married Katie Williams 1864, and has seven children. Is a laborer.

1864. Chas. Johnson; came from Green Bay; born in Norway 1840, and came to America 1854; married Jane Haines 1865. Second marriage Lena Bergh 1871; has five children. Is farming and coopering.

1866. Christian Jacobson; came from Pine Lake, Wisconsin; born in Norway 1833, and came to America 1863; married Jacobena Gunderson 1864, and has six children. Follows sailing for a living.

(866. Jacob Young; eame from Oshkosh, Wisconsin; born Germany 1844, and came to America 1860; married Mary A Walker 1869, and has four children. Is a laborer.

1866, Vietor Rohn; came from Washington county, this State; born Germany 1831, and eame to. America 1846; married Jane Dowland 1852; has fifteen children, His daughter Emily married Win. Betts 1870, and has three children. Rhoda married Thornwald Lund 1877, and has one child. Mr. Rohn follows farming for a livelihood.

1867. Clouse Zink; came from Racine, this State, to Kj Harbor, where he resided for three years, then settled on Washington Island. Was born in Denmark 1826, and came to America 1865; married Mary Johnson 1848; has three children, Jennie married Ezra Graham, of Fish Creek, in 1870; has threo children. Annie married Hans Johnson, of Rowley's Bay, in 1873, and has no children. Mr. Z. is a farmer.

1867. Demas Soucie; eame from St. Martin's Island, Michigan; born Maine, 1829; married Sarah Crowell 1866, and has three children. is a farmer.

1868. Hans P. Anderson; came from Chicago; born Denmark 1826, and came to America 1866; married Fredericka M. Kolla 1856; has three children, His son Jens married Arhuey King 1879she died in December, 1879, 'aged 18 years, Mr. Anderson is a farmer.

168, Tans 0. Saabye; came from Chicago: born Denmark 1831, and came to America 1867; married inger K. Nelson, 1864 - no children, Is a farmer.

1868, Christian Larson; eame from Chicago; born Denmark 1840, came to America 1867; married Mary K. Grow 1865; has six children. Is a farmer.

1868. Louis P. Ottoson; came from Chicago; born Denmark 1842, and came to America 1864; married Mary Nelson 1867. Second marriage, Annie Peterson 1860; has four children. Is a farmer.

1868. Peter Nelson; came from Chicago; born Denmark 1848, and came to America 1867. He is a self-button sewer (a bachelor), and farms for a living.

1869, Louis Johnson; came from Chicago; born Norway; 1839; came to America 1867; married Karren Christenson 1876; has no children, Is a shoemaker by trade.

1870, Carl Thompson; came from New Jersey; born Denmark 1848; came to America 1867; married Amelia Koyen 1870; has four children. Isa farmer.

children. His daughter Anna married Wm, Wickman 1876; has three children; Karren married Andrew Stephenson, of Chicago, in 1880. Mr. Bommen is a farmer.

1870. Knud 0. Schelswick; came from Chicago; born Norway 1810; eame to Ameriea' 1861; married Mary Greenleaf 1838. Second marriage 1863, to Betsey Lee; has three hildren. His daughter Clara married Capt. Geo. Johnson in 1862; has five ehildren, and resides in Norway. Mr. Schelswick was sea Captain, but now follows farming for a living.

1870. Ole P. Olsen; came from Norway; born 1832; married Witheminne Larson' 1859; has ten children, one of whieb, Mary, married Godtreid Hanson 1879. 'Mr. Olsen farms for & living.

The name of that armor bay off of Green Bay, now so well known as "Sturgeon Bay," originated among the Menominee Indians. They so named it because of its outline being about the shape of the fish sturgeon, and particularly on account of that specie of the finny tribe being so plentiful in these waters, By glancing at a large water chart or map, it will be seen that the outline of the bay, as a whole, does look very much like a huge sturgeon.

For some years the little town, (or rather the inhabitants erecting log cabins in close proximity on the East banks of the bay,) was only known as "the trading post at Sturgeon Bay." Consequently, as the cabins increased in number, and the population began to grow with the usual American thrift, "the trading post" began to look like an embryo city, and the little town (as the water on the banks of which it was situated) was called "Sturgeon Bay." However, as time advanced, the name of the town was changed to "Otumba" the name of a city in Spain.

In the fall of 1856 Ezra B. Stevens was elected to the Assembly, and was the first representative at the State capital from Door county. Hon. D. A. Reed, then in public serviee at Madison, and Mr. Stevens, the assemblyman elect, drew up a bill, for the organization of the town, and in the winter of °67 Mr. Stevens got the bill passed for the organization of Otumba as a town, Several efforts was made to change the name, and, in fact, for a brief time many called the village "Graham," then the name "Tehema" was taken up; but neither became standard. Otumba too, as a name, was sort of a stumbling block, and in 1860 a petition, headed by the name of C. Daniels, and signed by many others, was presented to the County Board, asking that the name might be changed from "Otumba" to "Sturgeon Bay." February 13th, 1890, the Board granted the request of the petitioners, and since that date the name of Otumba is entirely foreign to nine-tenths of even the local population, while the title Sturgeon Bay is seattered broadcast and known by more or less people in every State and Territory in America!

Probably the first white settler that located on the banks of Sturgeon Bay, wasa Mr. P. Rowley, who settled on the point, on the west side of the bay in the year 1835. For 4or 5 years he remained in that section - making a small clearing in the woods, and fishing. In about the year '40 he "pulled up stakes" and went to Two Creeks, Kewaunee county; since which date we ean getno trace of his whereabouts.

'Mr. Peter S. Sherwood settled'on the point in 1836, near Mr. Rowley, and was the second white settler in this section. For several years Mr. Sherwood lived alone; cleared up land, and ereeted a comfortable house, and though the log walls long ago crumbled away and enriched the ground for a second growth of timber, a portion of the old fashioned chimney still stands. About the year 1840 Mr. Sherwood went East for a few weeks, and during his sojourn was married. His wife accompanied him on his return to his bachelor home in the wilderness, where they resided until one night in 1862, when Mr. 8. quietly breathed his last, and passed on to the unknown. Though not in the best of health, Mr. Sherwood kept about attending to his duties, and ate heartily except for supper the night of his death. So easily did he die that his wife knew nothing of it until the next morning. At the time of his death Mr. Sherwood was about elghty years of age, By some means his remains were interred in the Potter field, and thus ends the existenco of the first permanent settler on Sturgeon Bay. For the hardships he endured in early pioneer times; as areward for the light of civilization he lit and kept burning until death closed his eyes, his bones were buried in the potter field in the midstof civilization - not even a headbeard above him o designate his grave from that of a pauper. Yet, while his bones rest among the unknown, his name lives on, and the beautiful peninsula on which he lived was named after him, and is widely known. It ison that peninsula or point that "Jdlewild," (Hon. J.T. Wright's summer resort,) is erected; and it is there that natural scenery is not elsewhere surpassed on the continent. 'The land of dense forest which Mr. Sherwood cleared up a score and ten years ago, has since grown up with deciduous and evergreen trees, and beneath the branches of the second growth timber many pleasure seekers enjoy and lollaway the hot days of midsummer. The huge chimney which Mr. S. built more than a quarter of a century ago, now stands alone, white as marble, and is the only visible land mark or monument left to mark his eventful eareer. Years of exposure in the storm and weather have much defaced the old chimney, but in summer its appearance of sadnes is cheered by the mass of green vines that creep up its sides; wild flowers carpet the once cultivated garden, and native birds warble in freedom, while roll-grass tumbles around the old pioneer elearing. In summer the place is beautiful, wild, and interesting; in winter it is desolate and as silent as Mr. Sherwood's grave.

Mr. Neil MeMullen was the first white settler on the cast bank of Sturgeon Bay, locating in 1837. He was a penurious man, and seemed to enjoy himself best when leading a hermit's life. After some time, he married a daughter of Peter Rowley's, and as the place began to settle up, he became restless, and moved to the vicinity of Two Creeks.

In the year 1849 or '50, Mr. Frank Sawyer located on the point, west side of the bay. He cleared up considerablo land, erected: buildings, and made general improvements. He carried on quite a traffic with the Indians, and did consideraable trapping and hunting himself, As far as we have been able to gather facts, he sowed, cultivated, and harvested the first crop of wheat in Door county. The cove, at the mouth of the bay, well known as Sawyer's Harbor, was named after him, Some years ago he moved onto a large farm at Bay Settlement, Brown county, and now lives in that locality.

About the year 1850, immigration began to inereas in this seetion, and since that date advancement has been general. 'The following is a short biography of the old settlers in Sturgeon Bay township, who have lived in the county ten or more years:

1842 is the year Chauncy Haskell first came to Door county. He trapped and hunted for many years, but is now a farmer by occupation. He landed on Rock Island, and remained in that vicinity most of the time until 1859, when he came to Sturgeon Bay, and located permanently. Hecame from Ohio to this county; first came West in 1840; was born in Massachusetts 1813; married Alwilda Fuller 1859; has four children.

1843. William Marshall; now keeping livery stable; came from Green Bay, where he was born in 1826; first landed in this county at Little Sturgeon, and for four years had no particular place of settlement, in 1847 he located at Fish

1846. Mrs, Josephine E, Graham; eame from Green Bay, and located on Rock Island, where she lived for seven years, then resided on Washington Island about 134 years, when she came to Sturgeon Bay;,was born on the Island of Cuba 1830; came to the United States 1842; married Rebort Graham 1846. He died in 1873, aged 48 years. " Mrs. Graham is still a widow. She raised a large family, but only five (three boys and two girls are living. * Her soniBli married Sarah Green, 1877; har

;wo children, and lives at Omena, Michigan." Robert married Clara Bacon, 1878; has one child, and lives at Point St. Ignace, Michigan. Josephine married Frank Bacon 1878, and lives on a farm in Minnesota,

1850. Samuel N. Bacon, now landlord of Exchange Hotel, Sturgeon Bay; came from Racine to. Little Harbor "(Bailey's Harbor) where he remained about six months; was 'then in and out of the county until 1855, when he located at Ciay Banks. Ten years later he moved to Ahnapee, returned {to Clay Banks in 71; came to Sturgeon Bay "73. Was born Yin New York 1832; married Jane Foss 1854; has seven children. Hiedanghter Sarah married T. C. Hayesis72, Clara married Robert Graham 1877. Frank married Josephine Graham 1878. Ella married Dr. Hendricks 1880.

Olsen 1834; has two children, His daughter Annie mar- Hed R. Olsen 1855, and lives in, Chieago. "BM! married Celia Peterson 1869, and has two children.

'When we first came to Door county (we settled on the same place we now live) the only folks we had for neighbors, were the natives - Indians. White people were really a treat... .Our nearest store was Green Bay - a distance of over fifty miles; and we reached there by means of a row boat, or by going through the woods on foot. The term of thirty years has made marked advancement, for we now have communication with that city by telegraph, express, and daily mail. . In about the year 1853 Bradley built what is now known as Spear's mill. Tt is not to be wondered at that lumbering here at an early date did not prove profitable, Lumbermen generally carried a pack of cards with them, and when in the woods, away from the sight of the "boss" would indulge in playing the various card games to "pass away the dreary time.""....1n the year of 's2 when myself and wife were crossing the bay to visit Mr. Philip Jacobs, we heard a disturbance athome, We at once returned, and found our pig pen had been visited by abear. The beast evidently was determined to carry of the pig, but our little daughter Amelia (now dead) with wonderful courage dealt him a blow on the head, and he made off into the woods, and our pig was saved. Bears aid wolves were very troublesome in' those days, At present the wolf is almost unknown in this section, but bear continue to cause more or less trouble....T think that the first steamboat of record, that plowed the waters of Sturgeon Bay, was a side-wheel craft named the Franklin Moore, She called at our dock for wood during the summer of 1853 and "sq" She used to cruise along the shores of Green Bay with fish, and supplies for fishermen,

1851. Nels Torstenson, carpenter and joiner; came from Green Bay; born in Norway 1820; came to America 51; married Ingebor K. Oman 1844; has five children. His daughter 'Theresa married Nick Simons 1860; has two children, and lives in Nasewaupee township. Christena married H. W. Ree, of Sturgeon Bay, in 1875; has two children. Thomas married Mary Philips 187 - ; has two children.

1851. Wm. B. Lawrence, now a farmer, came from Milwaukee to Washington Island, and located in Sturgeon Bay 1854; born in New Hampshire 1825; first came West 1848; married

1851. Philip Jacobs; located on his present farm 1851; born Germany 1824; came to America 1847; married Susanna Barrouson i851; has six children, His son Theodore married Jennie Gilbert.

1852, Augustus W. Lawrence, merchant and Inmberman; came from Maine, in which State he was born 1830; married Emily J. Marshail 1855; has three children. His daughter Ruth married Hon. L. M, Washburn 1875; has one child.

1852. Joseph Lavassor, now retired from business, came from Lockport, New York; born in Canada 1814; married Mary Hutehinson 1853; has six children. His son' Paul married Carrie Hinker 1877; has two children.

fatis, In 1860 he again returned to Sturgeon Bay - this 'time 'accompanied by his family, and has here lived sinee that date, He was born in Ohio 1821; married Maria A. Moore 1845; has six ehildren. His son Horace W. married Christina Torstenson 1875; has two children. Rustin 0. married Ella Thayer 879, and lives in Sleepy Eye, Minnesota.

D. A. Reed to C. I. Martin: 'When T first came to Door county, the practic of law was slower work than walking up steep iced hill, If an attorney charged a dollar and a half as a fee for attending to acase that cost a week's Tabor; his charges were deemed 'outrageou.!" We attorneys can now put on a tong face and charge a dollar a minute for small cases, and no grumbling is heard. However, in olden times our pay was ready when the work was done, In most cases now we have to wait two 'or more years for our fees, and collect them by law. Such is civilization, and the growing advancement for legal ability... The following is an illustration of law proceedings in Door county iwenty-five years ago. Some time about the year 1858 a man borrowed a boat (without permission of the owner) and during the couple of hours he used it, broke one of the oars, and thus laid the basis for the first "criminal" case that was tried in'the town of Washington, which was then, and still isan Island. The defendant was put on trial for petit larceny: the case was fully proven against the defendant, and conviction was the Judivial conclusion the court arrived at. But' now came the tug of 'war - with the court.~ There was only one old law book at hand, and in that volume nothing could be found concerning 'man that took boat without permission, and while using it broke one of the oars.'

No copy of thestatutes or other form of law was at hand to guide the judicial mind, Where the lines of distinction should be drawn. between petit and grand larceny, he did not know, and the sheriff considered, and the district attorney that that made no difference as the greater always includes the lesser, and the court concluded so too. So the defendant was duly convicted of a States prison offense, and sentence was passed, and so recorded by the court, and a certificate of conviction was duly made, signed by the Justice of the Peace, and delivered to the constable,' but he found himself unprepared" for a journey of 200 miles without ruads, steamboats, or rail roads, and this keen-eyed officer saw at a glance that three or four days would be necessary in preparing a couple of boiled rags, a knap-sack, and some corn dodgers, etc. Then what was to be done with the 'state prison bird? Happy thought! Ranney had a root-house, where not a ray of God's sunlight could enter his wicked soul, Into 'the root-house the constable thrust the "wicked" defendant, and kept him there for four days. At the end of that time all preparations were duly mn readiness, and the line of march taken up; the officer first providing against a possible escape of the prisoner' by tying a rope around one of the defendant's hands, with the other end securely tied around his waist. In due time both 'officer and prisoner arrived at Sturgeon Bay. . Here the officer was informed that a justice of the peace had no jurisdiction over State prison offences, and as the certificate of conviction did not show on its face anything' definite or certain, he was further informed that both he and the justice were trespassers. Two mintites later the rope had but one of the iwo at the end of it, for the detendant was drodped among the logs and stumps of Sturgeon Bay instanter. The constable turned his face Northward toward the seat of justice, a "sadder but a wiser" officer.

'The next case was tried in Ephraim, before 'Squire Morbeck. The defendant in the case was arrested and put on trial for assault and battery on his (the defendant's) wife. The testimony showed that the complainant, one of the neighbors, had made quite a mistake. The State showed, by the testimony, that the defendant had been cruelly beating his cow. The court "held that that made no difference, as both offences were well known to the law; and then found, as_a_mat ter of fact as well as of law, that the defendant was guilty of cruelty to animals, und sentenced himto sixty days in the county jail. The offcer was furnished with a commitment, and started for Green Bay - the county being attached to Brown county at that time for judicial purposes. The justice took special pains to recite in the commitment the substance of the warrant of arrest and testimony, and concluded the same by finding, as fact and law, that "A. B. having made complaint to him in writing, that C. 1. did assault and beat his wife, and the testimony offered on the trial showed clearly that the defendant is guilty of cruelty to animals under the laws of this State. Therefore, it is the sentence of this court, duly empaneled and swom, that the defendant, C. D. be committed to the county jail for the term of sixty days, and the jailer be directed to feed the said C.D, on' bread and water, and may the Lord have merey on your poor soul!"" - - , Justice of the Peace. But the officer got no further than Sturgeon Bay with the defendant, when he was told that his eommitment would not protect him in executing it, so. the defendant was "dropped." 1853. Louis R. McLachlan, farmer and proprietor of a stone juarrie; came from New York; born Canada 1824; came to the tates 1842; married Jennie Doak 1862.

T hire out in the spring of '53, at Lockport, New York, to. Mr. David S. Crandall to come to. Sturgeon Bay to hew timber for a mill. Tarrived here in due time, and in May, °53, work commenced on the mill. Tn October, same year, the machinery in the new structure hegan work, and it was then that the first manufactory of any' kind was established in this section, and the first lumber sawed on the hanks of Sturgeon Bay. The establish neat was known as Bradley's mill Inthose daysa man could get to Green Ray (when opportun Mion) ina row or sail brat for the movlerate sum of 39 oo- - ut course the passenger was expected to take his regular turns. at" pulling, on the ort or sailing the craft. At a later date, when occasionally steamboats began to stop at this place, passe on them was $5... During the years from 1355 to "69a good many hand-made. shingles were got out in_ this vicinity and banked along the bay shore. Ox teams in those days were very searce, while aspan of horses was indeed a rare sight. Thus it was that the new settlers had to. bank. their shingles hy hand. 'The men usually remained m the woods shaving out the shingles, while the women, with the assistance of neckyokes across their shoulders, transferred the shingles to. the hank on Wheelbarrows. Small sail crafts bought the shingles on the hank, andl

While the pimseer seitiers endured not a few hariIships, enjoyable ime: were not alte sether out of the questicn. A good sncial dance (then calle "shin-dig") enuld be gotten upon a day's notice. ~The young Ivlies ('hey were but few in number) in wine ter time often came to dances on eight feet snow-shoes. Yet their feet in natural state were small, and with vigor they would "trip the fantastic toe" until bravt day-light the next n Tt used to be Frequently told, yesrs a0, that miny of the pic rs in summer lived on erackers and whiekey to wet stren fight sandeflies, 'This assertion, however, should only be credited as hearsay.

son Hans J. married Louisa Draper 1870; has four children, Mary married Louis Anderson 1873; has 'three children. Olof married Eliza Thompson 1877; has two children. Ole B. married Ella Nap 1878; has one cl

1853. Jessa Kimber, now anal exme from New York; born England 1528; came to America 1829; married Mary Hendershott 1852; ha: eight children. His son Frank married Elz Stephenson 1877; has one child. Charles married Emma Shiner 1879; has one child. William marrisd Agnes Langlois 1879; has one child.

Fosse Kimber to C1 Martin. T came 10 Sturge m Bay from Lockport, New York, t0 work for randall & Bradley in their saw mill, which they had built that season, 'There were hut few settlers here then, and this was an unbroken wilderve-s. We cuz the pine trees on the hank of the Little Lake - then known as Bradley's lake - but we were all green as to handling saw logs, and it was slow work, ...The Little Lake was frozen overom the manning of November sth, 18:3, and we had some rare sport killing Ihass. an 'and then hooking them wut with a piece of wi in the share of'a hook. Tn aday or e srow until Christmas, week, when it shut up for the winter, New Vears the snow hegan to fall, and for forty days we never ut we had the most beautiful nights T ever saw. Tt snowed every day, and hy the firstof March we had 334 feet of snow ley Tin the wonds......-Ahoat the month of February the Brviley chan ei hands, and" 1D. HT. Burtis eame here and took possession, saul the mill company was known as Burtis & Works the property being jut into their hands to await the issue of a law suit then pend ecurts in Niog sta ccunty, N. V. Tn August, 1854, Bradley came here and paid off all the men, and Works gave up the property the old firm of Crandall & Bradley, and matters went on again quite smorthly for awhiie, But owing t0 Mr. Bradley's inexperience in Tun Brin lel to make much out of it, and in the evash of 1857, n with Its of others. ...After Burtiv& Work: gave up ley property, Burtis built what was known as the "middle mill," and commence! to manufacture lumber, but failed, and returned tohis old home in Lockport, N. Y.....Tn_ early days there was no aristocrney - all were alike, and we enjoyed ourselves. hughely - all were hound to enjoy themselves, We could get up a dance in half havea full house, and keep up the party until daylight, and to the wocds 'again,....1 have known the time when we had to make out a meal on poiatoes and salt. We used to spear suciers a the c.eeks in tie spring, and then we lived high again, I once hear Brolley remark that he ha not aman about him that 'could get his shirt off, and when asked the reason, he said: "Chey had eaten suckers so long that the bones stuck through the and ther shirts were fast."

1851. Andrew Nelson, farmer; eame from Norway; born 1819; married Caroline Knudson 1844; has eleven children. His son Lawrence married Eliza Coleman 1870; hax four children. Nicholena married Andrew Anderson ' 1861; has two children. Caroline married Edvard Anderson 1873. Josephine married Wm, A. Lawrence 18.9.

1854, Henry Schuyler, retired from business; eame from New York; born Pennsylvania 1803; married Julia Smith 1826. She died 1864, aved sixty-five years. Second marriage Mary

'A. Carpenter 1870; has four children - none by the second wifs. His son Fredrick married Naney Marshall 1856; has eleven children. His daughter Mary married 2. J. B. Kimber 1857; has fire children. Albert J. married Amanda Hitt of Clay Banks, 1839; has nine children. Julia married James Melntosh 1860; has two children.

185. Joseph Hebert, engineer, came from Peshtigo; born Canada 1827; came to the 'State: in 1853; married Delvina Langlois 1855; haz nine children. Olive married Henry Johnson 1878.

1854. Sarah, widow, married Wm. Tuck in 1818; came from Connecticut; las ning children. Her daughter Abigail married Aaron Moulton 1859; has one evil. Juli: married Robert Bartlet 1866; has three children; Jane married Louis Huck 1868; has four children. Harrietta married John N. Scott 1871; has"one child, Sarah 2, wtacrisd acaold Baptist 1874; has three c'ildren.

1N54. Soren Peterson, farmer; came from Green Bay (a foot and looked up land); born Denmark 1821; came to America 1852; marr_vd Awelia Culumse 1864. Second marriage 1875, to

1855. Robert Noble, contractor for running the Sturgeon Bay and Bay View steam ferry; and dealer in agricultural implements; was born in New York.1837; is a self-button sewer (bachelor).

1855. Hon. J. T. Wright, landlord, and proprietor of Idlewild Summer Resort; born New York 1830; married Emiline Snyder 1350; has three children. Fred' C. married Anna Garland 1876; has two children.

1855. Andrew Peterson, farmer; born Norway 1816; came to America 1853; married Sarah Erickson 1842; has nine children. His daughter Hannah married John Shafstall 1862; has one child, and lives in Indiana. Celia married Eli Thompson 1869; has two children. Peter married Mary Mathews 1366; has six children. Jennie married Lyman Hall 1872; has one child, and lives in Missouri. Sophia married John Nelson 1878, and lives in Michigan. Mary married Joseph Sweetman 1875; has two children.

Mrs. Knudson related to us many of the hardships she endured until the close of the war - her hushand nthe army, She was Teft alone, with three small children, m_ th derness, some four miles from Sturgeon Bay, and one' mite from the nearest neighbor, with all woods, and no roads, ...She spent two rig away from her family, getting lust while hunting for her cow. Often she was compelled to chop dovn trees. in the woods ta furnish browse for her cows during the winter....After the war Mr, K, home, and has labored hard the long years since, As a the hardships they endured in helping to settle up Door eounty, Mr. and Mrs, Knuclson now find themselves comfortably rented upon good farm well improved, with plenty of stock, and they are surrounded by a highly respected family of young men and women,

1855, Elijah S, Fuller, farmer and proprietor of a lime kiln; ame from Racine county; born New York 1815; eame west in '4t; married Botsey C. Clark 1811; has five children. His danghter Amelia murried Abriel' Whittaker 1871; has two children. Cornelia married Jacob Hermann 1879; has one ehild. Harlow married Sarah J.Noble 1880.

1855. Joseph Harris, Sr., real estate agent; came from New York; born England 1813; came to Amorica 1819; married Charlotte Shingleton 1833." Second marriage 1859, to Susan Pertins. His daughter Ch-rlotte married David McIntosh married Jesse Birmingham 1860; has six children, and lives in West Pensaukee. Joseph Jr., married Rosa Rice 186-; has three children, and is keeper of the Government range lights, at Bailey's Harbor. Henry married. Elizabeth Hansen 1868; has two children, and lives in Delaware. Edith married Isaac ©. Slater 1871; has two children, and livesin Washington, D. C. The following is a letter from the Hon. Joseph Harris, Sr., concerning Door county a quarter of a century ago: SroRGEON Bay, Wisconsin, October 28th, 1880, J. Harris, Sry to C1. Martin:

T was one of the early settlers of Sturgeon Bay, and went through some of the roughest experiences ot pioneer life. When T came to Door county in °5s, the town of Washington (Washington Island) was the only organized town in the county, and when Sturgeon Bay was organized into a town in 1857, by the name of Otwmba, it. became necessary, in order to assess and levy taxes for county and State purposes, to hold a meeting of the chairmen of those two towns as a County Board of Supervisors. Mr. J. Nolan, who was chairman of the town of Washington, refused to come to Sturgeon Bay to hold the meeting, and "Squire Henry Schuyler, who was chairman of Otumba, and myself agreed to go to Washington Island for that purpose. Tt was late in November when we started on foot through the woods to Fish Creek. that being the nearest place where a sailboat could be got. There were no roads in any part of the county at that time, and no trail north of Sturgeon Bay, We started in Jacob St. Ore's large sail beat or sloop, with another man to help sail it, and arrived at the Island the same day. 'The next day the first meeting of a County Board in Door county was held. "Squire Schuyler was chosen chairman, and myself Clerk of the Board; the tax levy' was made and Door county set upon its legs. The' next evening we started back to Fish Creek, While attempting to cross Death's Door, a heavy squall came up, which prevented us from reaching the main fand, and we ran before the wind until about midnight, when, seeing lights ahead, we let go anchor. When daylight came' we found ourselves at Flat Rock (near Escanaba) where we had been driven by the storm, During the night the wind changed to. the North; raining, snowing, and freezing so that the Geck and rigging was amass of ice, but we reached Fish Creek that afternoon, having afine breeze from over the after quarter of the boat. At Fish Creek we borrowed a smaller sail boat, and started for Sturgeon Bay, which was reached late at night to find the bay frozen over nearly down to Laurie's place, where, with difficulty, we landed; hauled the boat ashore. and footed' it home. ... Another rough journey that fell upon us, was at the fime the county seat was removed from Bailey's Harbor to Sturgeon Bay. About 1851 or '2 the legislature passed an act to organize Door county; locating the county seat at Bailey's Harbor, under the name of Gibraltar, but no steps were ever taken to carry out the organization, nor were any county or town officers ever elected there, A Mr. Sweet, of Mil waukee, who got the above named act passed, had projected" open up a settlement at the Harbor. He built a 'saw mill and a dock, the mill burned down, the dock went to ruin, and Mr. Sweet abandoned the enterprise. The early settlers of Sturgeon Bay soon resolved to 'carry out the organization, and proceeded to take the necessary legal steps to remove the county seat from the 'Harbor to Sturgeon Bay. "To accomplish this, it was necessary to call a meeting at Bailey's Ha bor, and go through the forms of posting notices, etew ss required by law. Msssrs, A. G. Warren, W. Hl. Warren, and myself made two Journey's on foot to the "Harbor to effect the removal. As there was no trail through the woods, we had to go to the head of Sturgeon Bay, 'eross the Portage, and follow the Lake shore, footing it to Bailey's Harbor and back in all sorts of weather,...The settlers who have ome into Door county in the past ten years, know but little of the hardships the early seitlers went through, 77em it was a_"howling wiklemess" from end to end, but ow the new comers find throughout the county organized towns, roads, school houses, post-offices, churches, large farms, and on every side the elements of comfort and prosperity. Ihave lived to see the county grow from less than one thousand inhabitants toa populstion of nearly twelve thousand, and the influx is still going on.

'Mr. Joseph Harris was chosen as the first county clerk, and register of deeds of Door county, procuring the books of Reeord and getting both of those offices in running order. He filled the office of county treasurer six years, and in 1864 and 5 represented the counties of Door, Oconto, Shawano and Outagamie in the State Senate. He considers that his crowning 'work was in organizing the Sturgeon Bay & Lake Michigan Ship canal and Harbor Company. "He framed the charter for that Company when he was in the State Senate in 1864, In "66 he went to Washington and procured from Congress a grant of 200,000 acres of the public land to aid in building the canal, which, with subsequent appropriations of money from Congress fo build the Harbor of Refuge, secured the final suceess of the enterprise. To his unremitting labor of near twenty years, Door county and the State of Wisconsin are indebted for the most important work of public improvement within its borders - a work, the value of which to the commerce of Green Bay and Lake Michigan, can scareely be over estimated.

1855. Albert @. Warren, county surveyor; came from Connecticut, where he was born 181; married: Sophia Davenport 1836; has two children. His daughter married Ephriam Daniels 1863; has five children. Emily married Michael 'MeDonald 1872; has three children.

1855. Christena, widow of Carel T. Arum; came from Towa; born in Norway 1823; eame to America 1853; married 1848; has four children. His daughter Annie married Wm. Jacobs 1878, Caroline married Alexander Doak 1878. Matilda married Mark Holt 1879.

1855. Iver A. (better known us Edward) Nelson, a laborer; came 'from Quebec, Canada; born Norway 1829; eame to America 1854; married Mary Nelson 1867; has five children.

1854. George H. Thorpe, keeps boarding house; came from Dodge' county this State; born New York 1839; married Lucretia Post 1861; has one child.

1855. Nelson W. Fuller, printer and editor, came from Illinois; born New York 1812; married Laura Stevens 1845; has five children. He left this county in 1858 and went to Tilinois. In 1878 he returned.

1855, Martin Cramer, farmer; born Prussia 1823; came to America 1853; married Mary 'Maigel 1858; has nine ehildren. His daughter Annie' married Henry Korgor 1877; has two children, and lives in the town of Clay Banks,

1856, Menry F. Post, carpenter and joiner; came from Dodge county. Was out and in the county until "72, when he made final 'stay. Was born Pennsylvania 1827; married Ist time 1850. Second marriage 1865, to Clara Berbank; has six children, His daughter Dora married George Turner 1873, and has four children,

1856. Joseph Colignon, landlord, and proprietor of the Colignon Hotel, eame from Belgium; born 1834; married Mary ¥. Moraux 1865, has four children.

156, Jobn Long, farmer; came from Indiana; born Prussia 1821; came to America 1453; married Tracy Manna 1844. Second marriage 1855 to Margaret Koppal; has nine shildren. His son Frank married Agnes Damkphler 1869; has five children, Maggie married Leslie Dunlap "79 has one child.

1856, Septimus Stephenson, Village marshal; came from New York, in which State he was born 1839; married Lauria E. Thompson 1868; has six ehildren.

1856. Matilda, widow, married Ernest Damkhler 1851. He was in the army, and died in the Andersonville prison in 1862, aged 42 years.' Mrs. D. has four children. Her daughter Agnes married Frank Long 1869; has five children. Walter married Sarah Gillespie 1879,

1857. Betsey (better known here as grandma) widow, married Israel Hendershott 1818. He died in 1849, aged fifty-eight years. "Grandma" was born in New York in 1800; has eight children. Her daughter Phoebe married Wm. Wolverton 183-; has three children, and lives in Pennsylvania, Mary E. married Jesse Kimber' 1852; has eight children. Jane married 'Thos. Forsyth 1853; Ims two children, and lives in Michigan. Charlotte married Joseph Bueklin 1854; has four children, and lives in Michigan. Benjamin married - Brands 185-. Rhoda married Henry J. Grandy 1868; has three children.

1857. Chas, A. Cocagne, farmer, came from Cassville, this State; born in France 1826; came to America 1831; married Caroline Bernard 1855. She died 1866, aged thirty years. Had three children. Louisa married Stephen Cardy 1879; has two children, and lives in Marinette.

1857. Peter Bernson, farmer; came from Norway; was born 1825; married - Annie B. Tenest 1858; has five children. Eliza married Theodore Anderson 1877; has two children, and lives in Sister Bay.

1857. Peter Loreh, owns a farm; came from Washington county; born Germahy 1895; eame to, America 1856; married Mary Feldmann 1865. Lizzie married Jacob Leonhardt 1878.

1858, John Sorenson, farmer; came from Denmark, where he was born 1826; married Elizabeth Sever 1861; has two children. His daughter Maggie married Louis Wulf 1880.

1858. David Houle, farmer; came from Depere; born in Wisconsin 1831; married Jane Raneom 1855. Mr. Houle was proprietor of the first hotel in Sturgeon Bay.

1858. Olive A., widow, married Wm. K. Dresser 1856. He died 1878, aged forty-eight years. Mrs. D. has four children. 'Annie married Legrand D. Henderson 1876, and lives in Iowa.

1860. Margaret, widow, married Fred Bushmann 1865, He 'was drowned in Sturgeon Bay 1878, and was thirty-five years of age. She has six children,

1861, Ambrust Knudson, farmer; came from Norway, where he was born 1821; married Hendreka Erickson 1850; has six children, His daughter Nellie married Louis Fiddler 1878; has one child. Martin married Clatinka Hanson 1878.

1863. Peter Propsom, farmer; came from Kenosha; born in Germany 1829; came to America 1857; married Katie Karthieter 1870; has five children.

1864, Erne Bottelson, shoemaker; came from Norway, where he was born 1830; married Elizabeth M. Bottelson 1851; has three children, His daughter Annie C.M, married Jacob Dehos 1869, and has three children.

1864. Chris Leonhardt, treasurer of Door county; came from Washington county; born Germany 1837; came to 'America 1843; married Catherine Lorch 1860; has soyen chilaren.